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.hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the furnace that can burn corn, see <a href="/wiki/Corn_stove" class="mw-redirect" title="Corn stove">Corn stove</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Illustration_Zea_mays0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Illustration_Zea_mays0.jpg/220px-Illustration_Zea_mays0.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="370" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Illustration_Zea_mays0.jpg/330px-Illustration_Zea_mays0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Illustration_Zea_mays0.jpg/440px-Illustration_Zea_mays0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1455" data-file-height="2444" /></a><figcaption><i>Zea mays</i> ssp. <i>mays</i> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">L</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Field,_corn,_Liechtenstein,_Mountains,_Alps,_Vaduz,_sky,_clouds,_landscape.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Field%2C_corn%2C_Liechtenstein%2C_Mountains%2C_Alps%2C_Vaduz%2C_sky%2C_clouds%2C_landscape.jpg/220px-Field%2C_corn%2C_Liechtenstein%2C_Mountains%2C_Alps%2C_Vaduz%2C_sky%2C_clouds%2C_landscape.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Field%2C_corn%2C_Liechtenstein%2C_Mountains%2C_Alps%2C_Vaduz%2C_sky%2C_clouds%2C_landscape.jpg/330px-Field%2C_corn%2C_Liechtenstein%2C_Mountains%2C_Alps%2C_Vaduz%2C_sky%2C_clouds%2C_landscape.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Field%2C_corn%2C_Liechtenstein%2C_Mountains%2C_Alps%2C_Vaduz%2C_sky%2C_clouds%2C_landscape.jpg/440px-Field%2C_corn%2C_Liechtenstein%2C_Mountains%2C_Alps%2C_Vaduz%2C_sky%2C_clouds%2C_landscape.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Corn field in Liechtenstein</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Corn stover</b> consists of the <a href="/wiki/Leaf" title="Leaf">leaves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plant_stem" title="Plant stem">stalks</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Corncob" title="Corncob">cobs</a> of <a href="/wiki/Corn" class="mw-redirect" title="Corn">corn</a> (maize) (<i>Zea mays</i> ssp. <i>mays</i> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">L</a>.) plants left in a <a href="/wiki/Field_(agriculture)" title="Field (agriculture)">field</a> after <a href="/wiki/Harvest" title="Harvest">harvest</a>. Such <a href="/wiki/Stover" title="Stover">stover</a> makes up about half of the <a href="/wiki/Crop_yield" title="Crop yield">yield</a> of a corn crop<sup id="cite_ref-AGMRC_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AGMRC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is similar to <a href="/wiki/Straw" title="Straw">straw</a> from other <a href="/wiki/Cereal" title="Cereal">cereal grasses</a>; in Britain it is sometimes called <b>corn straw</b>. Corn stover is a very common agricultural product in areas of large amounts of corn production. As well as the non-grain part of harvested corn, the stover can also contain other weeds and grasses.<sup id="cite_ref-NC_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NC-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Field_corn" title="Field corn">Field corn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sweet_corn" title="Sweet corn">sweet corn</a>, two different types of maize, have relatively similar corn stover. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corn_stover&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fodder_(ensilaged_or_nonensilaged)"><span id="Fodder_.28ensilaged_or_nonensilaged.29"></span>Fodder (ensilaged or nonensilaged)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corn_stover&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Fodder (ensilaged or nonensilaged)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bales_from_corn_stems_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Bales_from_corn_stems_01.jpg/220px-Bales_from_corn_stems_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Bales_from_corn_stems_01.jpg/330px-Bales_from_corn_stems_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Bales_from_corn_stems_01.jpg/440px-Bales_from_corn_stems_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3927" data-file-height="2890" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Maize#Baled_cornstalks" title="Maize">Baled cornstalks</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Corn stover (like various other kinds of stover) can be used as <a href="/wiki/Animal_feed" title="Animal feed">feed</a>, whether <a href="/wiki/Grazing" title="Grazing">grazed</a> as <a href="/wiki/Forage" title="Forage">forage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forage_harvester" title="Forage harvester">chopped</a> as <a href="/wiki/Silage" title="Silage">silage</a> to be used later for <a href="/wiki/Fodder" title="Fodder">fodder</a>, or collected for direct (nonensilaged) fodder use. <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">Maize</a> forage is usually ensiled in cooler regions, but it can be harvested year-round in the tropics and fed as green forage to the animals.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the silage use case, it is usual for the entire plant (grain and stover together) to be chopped into pieces which are then crushed between rollers while harvesting. Maize silage is one of the most valuable forages for ruminants.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Dairy_farming" title="Dairy farming">dairy farming</a>, corn silage is primarily used as fodder for <a href="/wiki/Dairy_cattle" title="Dairy cattle">dairy cows</a> during the winter season. Corn stover can be beneficial to <a href="/wiki/Beef_cattle" title="Beef cattle">beef cattle</a> producers because the "corn stover can provide a low cost feed source for mid-gestation beef cows".<sup id="cite_ref-govON_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-govON-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to the stalks, leaves, husks, and <a href="/wiki/Corncob" title="Corncob">cobs</a> remaining in the field, kernels of grain may also be left over from harvest. These left over kernels, along with the corn stover, serve as an additional feed source for grazing cattle. Over time, the stalks will decrease in value as feed, so farmers aim to graze the corn stover as soon as possible after harvest. The amount of grazing possible on a field of corn stover is "between one and two months of grazing per cow per acre (50 cows on 50 acres (200,000 m<sup>2</sup>) for one to two months)."<sup id="cite_ref-govON_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-govON-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When corn stover is harvested intact (as opposed to the whole plant being chopped for silage, or the stover being left in the field by a combine), it can be cut and gathered by corn binders, which are <a href="/wiki/Reaper-binder" title="Reaper-binder">reaper-binders</a> designed specifically for maize.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It can also be <a href="/wiki/Baler" title="Baler">baled</a> into large round bales. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bedding_(litter)_followed_by_soil_amendment"><span id="Bedding_.28litter.29_followed_by_soil_amendment"></span>Bedding (litter) followed by soil amendment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corn_stover&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Bedding (litter) followed by soil amendment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Instead of feed uses, corn stover can also be collected for use as <a href="/wiki/Bedding_(animals)" title="Bedding (animals)">bedding</a> or litter for the livestock (that is, cellulosic bulk to catch and contain the animal <a href="/wiki/Manure" title="Manure">manure</a>), or it can be a vegetable manure that stays in the field as <a href="/wiki/Plant_litter" title="Plant litter">plant litter</a> (serving as <a href="/wiki/Green_manure" title="Green manure">green manure</a>, although less <a href="/wiki/Green_wood" title="Green wood">green</a> than some others, with a higher <a href="/wiki/Carbon-to-nitrogen_ratio" title="Carbon-to-nitrogen ratio">C/N ratio</a>). When used as bedding (barn litter), it is then removed and directly <a href="/wiki/Manure_spreader" title="Manure spreader">spread</a> on the fields or <a href="/wiki/Compost" title="Compost">composted</a> (in long piles handled by <a href="/wiki/Loader_(equipment)" title="Loader (equipment)">loaders</a>) for later field spreading. In either of the latter two use cases, it ends up as <a href="/wiki/Organic_matter" title="Organic matter">organic matter</a> for <a href="/wiki/Soil_conditioner" title="Soil conditioner">soil amendment</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Direct_soil_amendment">Direct soil amendment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corn_stover&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Direct soil amendment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The feed and bedding uses of corn stover are common, but the plant litter/vegetable manure use is also common. The latter is true for any combination of two reasons: (1) it helps to maintain <a href="/wiki/Soil_health" title="Soil health">soil health</a>, and (2) when the corn crop is used as a grain crop (as opposed to a silage crop), harvesting the (grainless) stover simply does not pay; there is often no market demand for it that outweighs its value on the farm as soil maintenance, which represents an economic factor of its own. Regular annual harvesting of the whole corn plant (chopping for silage) is more challenging to <a href="/wiki/Soil_management" title="Soil management">soil management</a> than is using the corn as a grain crop and mulching the field with the stover.<sup id="cite_ref-PSU_extension_corn_silage_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PSU_extension_corn_silage-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reincorporating the organic matter is good for the soil, although it must be managed properly to prevent <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_deficiency" title="Nitrogen deficiency">nitrogen robbery</a> of the next crop, as the high C/N ratio causes <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_fixation" title="Nitrogen fixation">available nitrogen (fixed nitrogen)</a> to be hoarded by the soil microbes diligently digesting the cellulose and lignin. They can outcompete the plants for the nitrogen. There are both <a href="/wiki/Organic_farming" title="Organic farming">organic</a> and nonorganic ways to augment the nitrogen supply. Animal <a href="/wiki/Urine" title="Urine">urine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manure" title="Manure">manure</a> is the main organic way, whereas commercial <a href="/wiki/Fertilizer" title="Fertilizer">fertilizer</a> is the main nonorganic way; both ways provide <a href="/wiki/Urea" title="Urea">urea</a>, which the microbes digest with their <a href="/wiki/Urease" title="Urease">urease</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bioenergy">Bioenergy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corn_stover&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bioenergy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Another use for corn stover is as fuel for <a href="/wiki/Bioenergy" title="Bioenergy">bioenergy</a> or as <a href="/wiki/Raw_material" title="Raw material">feedstock</a> for <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">bioproducts</a>. It can be burned in furnaces to yield energy that <a href="/wiki/Steam_turbine" title="Steam turbine">steam turbines</a> convert to <a href="/wiki/Electricity" title="Electricity">electricity</a>. It also has potential for <a href="/wiki/Cellulosic_ethanol" title="Cellulosic ethanol">cellulosic ethanol</a> (biomass ethanol), which is "ethanol made from non-grain plant materials known as <a href="/wiki/Biomass" title="Biomass">biomass</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-nrel_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrel-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, with current technology, a large part of the <a href="/wiki/Biofuel" title="Biofuel">biofuel</a> potential of <a href="/wiki/Cellulose" title="Cellulose">cellulose</a> is wasted due to the strength of the <a href="/wiki/Glycosidic_bond" title="Glycosidic bond">glycosidic bonds</a> that pair chains of <a href="/wiki/Glucose" title="Glucose">D-glucose</a> units. But if the <a href="/wiki/Cellulosic_ethanol_commercialization" class="mw-redirect" title="Cellulosic ethanol commercialization">commercialization of cellulosic ethanol</a> advances enough technologically, biomass ethanol production would use the corn stover from the corn crop produced in areas around ethanol plants. Corn stover, due to the relative close proximity of the corn grain produced for ethanol production, "is by far the most abundant crop residue readily available today."<sup id="cite_ref-nrel_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrel-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The free accessibility to corn stover makes it a prime candidate for biomass ethanol production. <a href="/wiki/DuPont" title="DuPont">DuPont</a> opened a facility in <a href="/wiki/Nevada,_Iowa" title="Nevada, Iowa">Nevada, Iowa</a>, that was expected to generate 30 million gallons annually of cellulosic biofuel produced from corn stover residues.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plant provisionally opened in 2015, but shut down in 2017 after a previous temporary shutdown in 2016. DuPont repaid $10.5 million of the $17.5 million in incentives received from the state of Iowa. DuPont sold the plant to a German company, <a href="/wiki/Verbio" title="Verbio">Verbio</a>, who converted the plant from ethanol production to renewable natural gas production for eventual use as compressed natural gas (CNG) or liquified natural gas (LNG) vehicle fuel. Humus is also produced as a byproduct of natural gas production. Humus, alternatively known as digestate, is a value-added lignin- and nutrient-rich soil amendment similar to peat moss or compost which may be returned to feedstock suppliers or further processed into marketable products. As of 2021, Verbio is considering adding back ethanol production capabilities to the plant.<sup id="cite_ref-verb_VERB_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-verb_VERB-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition_and_properties">Composition and properties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corn_stover&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Composition and properties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Component </th> <th>WT% dry<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cellulose" title="Cellulose">Cellulose</a>/<a href="/wiki/Glucan" title="Glucan">glucan</a> </td> <td>37.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Xylan" title="Xylan">Xylan</a> </td> <td>21.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lignin" title="Lignin">Lignin</a> </td> <td>18.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ash_(analytical_chemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ash (analytical chemistry)">Ash</a> </td> <td>5.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=GCV_(analytical_chemistry)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GCV (analytical chemistry) (page does not exist)">GCV</a> </td> <td>18.6 MJ/kg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">Protein</a> </td> <td>3.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Acetate" title="Acetate">Acetate</a> </td> <td>2.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabinan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arabinan (page does not exist)">Arabinan</a> </td> <td>2.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Galactan" title="Galactan">Galactan</a> </td> <td>2.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mannan_(polysaccharide)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mannan (polysaccharide)">Mannan</a> </td> <td>1.6 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Higher_Heating_Value" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher Heating Value">HHV</a>: 19 MJ/kg <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dry_ash_free&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dry ash free (page does not exist)">DAF</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corn_stover&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-AGMRC-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AGMRC_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKoundinya" class="citation web cs1">Koundinya, Vikram. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biomasspelletpress.com/corn-stover/">"Corn Stover"</a>. <i>Agricultural Marketing Resource Center</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Marketing+Resource+Center&rft.atitle=Corn+Stover&rft.aulast=Koundinya&rft.aufirst=Vikram&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiomasspelletpress.com%2Fcorn-stover%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorn+stover" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NC-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NC_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHall" class="citation web cs1">Hall, Tim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170203160908/http://www.ncagr.gov/drought/documents/1217andNCDACSCornStoverGuidance082707.pdf">"Corn Stover as an Emergency Feed Source and the Potential for a Supplemental PAN Allowance For Small Grain Sown After Stover Removal"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>North Carolina Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncagr.gov/drought/documents/1217andNCDACSCornStoverGuidance082707.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 3 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=North+Carolina+Department+of+Agriculture+%26+Consumer+Services&rft.atitle=Corn+Stover+as+an+Emergency+Feed+Source+and+the+Potential+for+a+Supplemental+PAN+Allowance+For+Small+Grain+Sown+After+Stover+Removal&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncagr.gov%2Fdrought%2Fdocuments%2F1217andNCDACSCornStoverGuidance082707.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorn+stover" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHeuzéTranEdouardLebas2017" class="citation web cs1">Heuzé, V.; Tran, G.; Edouard, N.; Lebas, F. (June 21, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.feedipedia.org/node/358">"Maize green forage"</a>. <i>Feedipedia</i>. INRA, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Feedipedia&rft.atitle=Maize+green+forage&rft.date=2017-06-21&rft.aulast=Heuz%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=V.&rft.au=Tran%2C+G.&rft.au=Edouard%2C+N.&rft.au=Lebas%2C+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.feedipedia.org%2Fnode%2F358&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorn+stover" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Heuzé V., Tran G., Edouard N., Lebas F., 2017. Maize silage. Feedipedia, a programme by INRA, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.feedipedia.org/node/13883">https://www.feedipedia.org/node/13883</a> Last updated on June 22, 2017, 14:24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-govON-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-govON_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-govON_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/livestock/beef/facts/cornstover.htm">"Beef: Turn Corn Stover to Low Cost Pasture"</a>. <i>Omafra.gov.on.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-03-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Omafra.gov.on.ca&rft.atitle=Beef%3A+Turn+Corn+Stover+to+Low+Cost+Pasture&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.omafra.gov.on.ca%2Fenglish%2Flivestock%2Fbeef%2Ffacts%2Fcornstover.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorn+stover" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zA3zbJNvWuo"><span class="plainlinks">"1920s McCormick Corn Binder and Farmall H still going strong"</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PSU_extension_corn_silage-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PSU_extension_corn_silage_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPennsylvania_State_University_agricultural_extension_service" class="citation cs2">Pennsylvania State University agricultural extension service, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161227202651/http://extension.psu.edu/plants/crops/grains/corn/silage/corn-silage-production-and-management"><i>Corn Silage Production and Management. Agronomy Facts No. 18</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://extension.psu.edu/plants/crops/grains/corn/silage/corn-silage-production-and-management">the original</a> on 2016-12-27<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-11-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Corn+Silage+Production+and+Management.+Agronomy+Facts+No.+18&rft.au=Pennsylvania+State+University+agricultural+extension+service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fextension.psu.edu%2Fplants%2Fcrops%2Fgrains%2Fcorn%2Fsilage%2Fcorn-silage-production-and-management&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorn+stover" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nrel-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nrel_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nrel_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081123043849/http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy01osti/29691.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy01osti/29691.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2008-11-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-02-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrel.gov%2Fdocs%2Ffy01osti%2F29691.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorn+stover" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biofuels.dupont.com/cellulosic-ethanol/nevada-site-ce-facility/">DuPont Nevada Site Cellulosic Ethanol Facility – DuPont Biofuel Solutions</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161122072213/http://www.amestrib.com/news/dupont-temporarily-halt-corn-stover-program-nevada-plant">"DuPont to temporarily halt corn stover program at Nevada plant"</a>. <i>The Ames Tribune</i>. April 8, 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amestrib.com/news/dupont-temporarily-halt-corn-stover-program-nevada-plant">the original</a> on November 22, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 21,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Ames+Tribune&rft.atitle=DuPont+to+temporarily+halt+corn+stover+program+at+Nevada+plant&rft.date=2016-04-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amestrib.com%2Fnews%2Fdupont-temporarily-halt-corn-stover-program-nevada-plant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorn+stover" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amestrib.com/article/20151028/News/310289982">"Nevada DuPont facility opening on Friday"</a>. <i>The Ames Tribune</i>. October 28, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Ames+Tribune&rft.atitle=Nevada+DuPont+facility+opening+on+Friday&rft.date=2015-10-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amestrib.com%2Farticle%2F20151028%2FNews%2F310289982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorn+stover" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-verb_VERB-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-verb_VERB_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.verbio.us/project/verbio-nevada-biorefinery/">"VERBIO Nevada Biorefinery - VERBIO North America"</a>. <i>VERBIO North America</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2021</span>. <q>for eventual use as compressed natural gas (CNG) or liquified natural gas (LNG) vehicle fuel. Humus, alternatively known as digestate, is a value-added lignin- and nutrient-rich soil amendment similar to peat moss or compost which may be returned to feedstock suppliers or further processed into marketable products.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VERBIO+North+America&rft.atitle=VERBIO+Nevada+Biorefinery+-+VERBIO+North+America&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.verbio.us%2Fproject%2Fverbio-nevada-biorefinery%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACorn+stover" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Huang, H.G., Ramaswamya, S., Al-Dajania, W., Tschirnera, U., Cairncross, R.A.(2009) Effect of biomass species and plant size on cellulosic ethanol: A comparative process and economic analysis. Biomass and Bioenergy; 33 (2): p 236. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0961953408001396">doi</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Maize_and_corn169" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Corn" title="Template:Corn"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Corn" title="Template talk:Corn"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Corn" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Corn"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Maize_and_corn169" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">Maize and corn</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Varieties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amylomaize" title="Amylomaize">Amylomaize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baby_corn" title="Baby corn">Baby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_corn" title="Blue corn">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dent_corn" title="Dent corn">Dent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_corn" title="Field corn">Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flint_corn" title="Flint corn">Flint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flour_corn" title="Flour corn">Flour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetically_modified_maize" title="Genetically modified maize">Genetically modified</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_varieties_of_genetically_modified_maize" title="List of varieties of genetically modified maize">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MON_810" title="MON 810">MON 810</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MON_863" title="MON 863">MON 863</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purple_corn" title="Purple corn">Purple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_Protein_Maize" title="Quality Protein Maize">Quality Protein Maize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoepeg_corn" title="Shoepeg corn">Shoepeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_corn" title="Sweet corn">Sweet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sweetcorn_varieties" title="List of sweetcorn varieties">Varieties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waxy_corn" title="Waxy corn">Waxy</a></li> <li>By origin <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia_maize_varieties" title="Bolivia maize varieties">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador_maize_varieties" title="Ecuador maize varieties">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Italian_maize_varieties" title="Traditional Italian maize varieties">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_corn" title="Peruvian corn">Peru</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corncob" title="Corncob">Cob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_kernel" title="Corn kernel">Kernel</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stover</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corn_construction" title="Corn construction">Corn construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maize_milling" title="Maize milling">Maize milling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixtamalization" title="Nixtamalization">Nixtamalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_wet-milling" title="Corn wet-milling">Wet-milling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popcorn_maker" title="Popcorn maker">Popcorn maker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_maize_diseases" title="List of maize diseases">Pathology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBCH-scale_(maize)" class="mw-redirect" title="BBCH-scale (maize)">BBCH-scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_allergy" title="Corn allergy">Corn allergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_smut" title="Corn smut">Corn smut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maize_streak_virus" title="Maize streak virus">Maize streak virus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Maize_production" title="Category:Maize production">Production</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biofuel" title="Biofuel">Biofuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_crib" title="Corn crib">Corn crib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornstalk_fiddle" title="Cornstalk fiddle">Cornstalk fiddle</a></li> <li>By country <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corn_production_in_the_United_States" title="Corn production in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maize_production_in_Tanzania" title="Maize production in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_corn_production_statistics" class="mw-redirect" title="International corn production statistics">International corn production statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_popcorn_brands" title="List of popcorn brands">List of popcorn brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Sisters_(agriculture)" title="Three Sisters (agriculture)">Three Sisters (agriculture)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corn_Palace" title="Corn Palace">Corn Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_School" title="Corn School">Corn School</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Field_of_Corn" title="Field of Corn">Field of Corn</a></i> (1994 sculpture)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Cornbread_Festival" title="National Cornbread Festival">National Cornbread Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_Corn_Festival" title="Sweet Corn Festival">Sweet Corn Festival</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zea_(film)" title="Zea (film)">Zea</a></i> (film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_maize_dishes" title="List of maize dishes">Maize dishes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Ingredients</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornmeal" title="Cornmeal">Cornmeal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masa" title="Masa">Masa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mielie-meal" class="mw-redirect" title="Mielie-meal">Mielie-meal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_oil" title="Corn oil">Oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samp" title="Samp">Samp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_starch" title="Corn starch">Starch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_steep_liquor" title="Corn steep liquor">Steep liquor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_syrup" title="Corn syrup">Syrup</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glucose_syrup" title="Glucose syrup">Glucose syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-fructose_corn_syrup" title="High-fructose corn syrup">High-fructose</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_perception_of_high-fructose_corn_syrup" title="Public perception of high-fructose corn syrup">Public perception</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-maltose_corn_syrup" title="High-maltose corn syrup">High-maltose</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Soups, stews, <br />and porridge</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banku_(dish)" title="Banku (dish)">Banku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binte_biluhuta" title="Binte biluhuta">Binte biluhuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulz_(food)" title="Bulz (food)">Bulz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocolo%C8%99i" title="Cocoloși">Cocoloși</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_chowder" title="Corn chowder">Corn chowder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_crab_soup" title="Corn crab soup">Corn crab soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_pudding" title="Corn pudding">Corn pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_soup" title="Corn soup">Corn soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_stew" title="Corn stew">Corn stew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cou-cou" title="Cou-cou">Cou-cou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creamed_corn" title="Creamed corn">Creamed corn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fufu" title="Fufu">Fufu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginataang_mais" title="Ginataang mais">Ginataang mais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grits" title="Grits">Grits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasty_pudding" title="Hasty pudding">Hasty pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka%C4%8Damak" title="Kačamak">Kačamak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%83m%C4%83lig%C4%83" title="Mămăligă">Mămăligă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%83m%C4%83lig%C4%83_%C3%AEn_p%C4%83turi" title="Mămăligă în pături">Mămăligă în pături</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mush_(cornmeal)" title="Mush (cornmeal)">Mush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashofa" title="Pashofa">Pashofa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polenta" title="Polenta">Polenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pozole" title="Pozole">Pozole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagamite" title="Sagamite">Sagamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suam_na_mais" title="Suam na mais">Suam na mais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugali" title="Ugali">Ugali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xar%C3%A9m" title="Xarém">Xarém</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Tamales</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aca%C3%A7%C3%A1" title="Acaçá">Acaçá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamale" title="Tamale">Tamale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binaki" title="Binaki">Binaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanime" title="Guanime">Guanime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallaca" title="Hallaca">Hallaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humita" title="Humita">Humita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nacatamal" title="Nacatamal">Nacatamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamonha" title="Pamonha">Pamonha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasteles" title="Pasteles">Pasteles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Breads and cakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arepa" title="Arepa">Arepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bollo" title="Bollo">Bollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broa" title="Broa">Broa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cachapa" title="Cachapa">Cachapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipa_guasu" title="Chipa guasu">Chipa guasu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornbread" title="Cornbread">Cornbread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_cookie" title="Corn cookie">Corn cookie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_tortilla" title="Corn tortilla">Corn tortilla</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tortilla-based_dishes" title="List of tortilla-based dishes">List of tortilla-based dishes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnnycake" title="Johnnycake">Johnnycake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makki_ki_roti" title="Makki ki roti">Makki ki roti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastel_de_choclo" title="Pastel de choclo">Pastel de choclo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piki" title="Piki">Piki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proja" title="Proja">Proja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pupusa" title="Pupusa">Pupusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloosh" title="Sloosh">Sloosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sope_(food)" title="Sope (food)">Sope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopa_paraguaya" title="Sopa paraguaya">Sopa paraguaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spoonbread" title="Spoonbread">Spoonbread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talo_(food)" title="Talo (food)">Talo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tortilla" title="Tortilla">Tortilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totopo" title="Totopo">Totopo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wotou" title="Wotou">Wotou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Fried dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battered_sausage" title="Battered sausage">Battered sausage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_chip" title="Corn chip">Corn chip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_dog" title="Corn dog">Corn dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_fritter" title="Corn fritter">Corn fritter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_nut" title="Corn nut">Corn nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornick_(food)" title="Cornick (food)">Cornick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_schnitzel" title="Corn schnitzel">Corn schnitzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hushpuppy" title="Hushpuppy">Hushpuppy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milho_frito" title="Milho frito">Milho frito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nachos" title="Nachos">Nachos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorullos" title="Sorullos">Sorullos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tostada_(tortilla)" title="Tostada (tortilla)">Tostada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tortilla_chip" title="Tortilla chip">Tortilla chip</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other foods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alivenci" title="Alivenci">Alivenci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binatog" title="Binatog">Binatog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conkie" title="Conkie">Conkies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_flakes" title="Corn flakes">Corn flakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_on_the_cob" title="Corn on the cob">Corn on the cob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_relish" title="Corn relish">Corn relish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_sauce" title="Corn sauce">Corn sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gofio" title="Gofio">Gofio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hominy" title="Hominy">Hominy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_smut#Culinary_uses" title="Corn smut">Huitlacoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenkey" title="Kenkey">Kenkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuymak" title="Kuymak">Kuymak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%C3%ADz_con_hielo" title="Maíz con hielo">Maíz con hielo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maja_blanca" title="Maja blanca">Maja maíz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maque_choux" title="Maque choux">Maque choux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mote_(food)" title="Mote (food)">Mote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinole" title="Pinole">Pinole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popcorn" title="Popcorn">Popcorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succotash" title="Succotash">Succotash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Beverages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atole" title="Atole">Atole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_whiskey" title="Bourbon whiskey">Bourbon whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cauim" title="Cauim">Cauim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champurrado" title="Champurrado">Champurrado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicha" title="Chicha">Chicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicha_de_jora" title="Chicha de jora">Chicha de jora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicha_morada" title="Chicha morada">Chicha morada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colada_morada" title="Colada morada">Colada morada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_beer" title="Corn beer">Corn beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_tea" title="Corn tea">Corn tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_whiskey" title="Corn whiskey">Corn whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazamorra" title="Mazamorra">Mazamorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinolillo" title="Pinolillo">Pinolillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pozol" title="Pozol">Pozol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejate" title="Tejate">Tejate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejuino" title="Tejuino">Tejuino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesg%C3%BCino" title="Tesgüino">Tesgüino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bioenergy240" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bioenergy" title="Template:Bioenergy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bioenergy" title="Template talk:Bioenergy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bioenergy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bioenergy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bioenergy240" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bioenergy" title="Bioenergy">Bioenergy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biofuel" title="Biofuel">Biofuels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_fuel" title="Alcohol fuel">Alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algae_fuel" title="Algae fuel">Algae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babassu_oil" title="Babassu oil">Babassu oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagasse" title="Bagasse">Bagasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butanol_fuel" title="Butanol fuel">Biobutanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodiesel" title="Biodiesel">Biodiesel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biogas" title="Biogas">Biogas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biogasoline" title="Biogasoline">Biogasoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioliquids" title="Bioliquids">Bioliquids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biomass_(energy)" title="Biomass (energy)">Biomass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooking_oil" title="Cooking oil">Cooking oil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_oil_fuel" title="Vegetable oil fuel">vegetable oil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethanol_fuel" title="Ethanol fuel">Ethanol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cellulosic_ethanol" title="Cellulosic ethanol">cellulosic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_ethanol_fuel_mixtures" title="Common ethanol fuel mixtures">mixtures</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methanol_fuel" title="Methanol fuel">Methanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stover" title="Stover">Stover</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">corn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straw" title="Straw">Straw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontederia_crassipes#Bioenergy" title="Pontederia crassipes">Water hyacinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_gas" title="Wood gas">Wood gas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Energy_crop" title="Energy crop">Energy from<br />foodstock</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Camelina_sativa#Biodiesel_and_jet_fuel" title="Camelina sativa">Camelina sativa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassava" title="Cassava">Cassava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_oil#Industry" title="Coconut oil">Coconut oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grape" title="Grape">Grape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp" title="Hemp">Hemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">Maize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oat" title="Oat">Oat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_oil" title="Palm oil">Palm oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">Potato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapeseed" title="Rapeseed">Rapeseed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">Rice</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sorghum" title="Sorghum">Sorghum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soybean" title="Soybean">Soybean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_beet" title="Sugar beet">Sugar beet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">Sugarcane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_sunflower" title="Common sunflower">Sunflower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">Wheat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yam_(vegetable)" title="Yam (vegetable)">Yam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nonfood_crop" title="Nonfood crop">Non-food<br />energy crops</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arundo" title="Arundo">Arundo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andropogon_gerardi" title="Andropogon gerardi">Big bluestem</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Camelina" title="Camelina">Camelina</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triadica_sebifera" title="Triadica sebifera">Chinese tallow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemnoideae" title="Lemnoideae">Duckweed</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jatropha_curcas" title="Jatropha curcas">Jatropha curcas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miscanthus_%C3%97_giganteus" title="Miscanthus × giganteus"><i>Miscanthus</i> × <i>giganteus</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pongamia" title="Pongamia">Pongamia pinnata</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salicornia#Industrial_use" title="Salicornia">Salicornia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panicum_virgatum" title="Panicum virgatum">Switchgrass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_fuel" title="Wood fuel">Wood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bioconversion_of_biomass_to_mixed_alcohol_fuels" title="Bioconversion of biomass to mixed alcohol fuels">Bioconversion of biomass to mixed alcohol fuels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioenergy_with_carbon_capture_and_storage" title="Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage">Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biomass_heating_system" title="Biomass heating system">Biomass heating systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biorefinery" title="Biorefinery">Biorefinery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fischer%E2%80%93Tropsch_process" title="Fischer–Tropsch process">Fischer–Tropsch process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_biotechnology" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial biotechnology">Industrial biotechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pellet_fuel" title="Pellet fuel">Pellet fuel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pellet_mill" title="Pellet mill">mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pellet_stove" title="Pellet stove">stove</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabatier_reaction" title="Sabatier reaction">Sabatier reaction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_depolymerization" title="Thermal depolymerization">Thermal depolymerization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agflation" title="Agflation">Agflation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellulosic_ethanol_commercialization" class="mw-redirect" title="Cellulosic ethanol commercialization">Cellulosic ethanol commercialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_content_of_biofuel" title="Energy content of biofuel">Energy content of biofuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_crop" title="Energy crop">Energy crop</a></li> <li><a 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