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href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilipinas"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.tl"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Atom feed ng Wikipedia" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Mga_huling_binago&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Pilipinas rootpage-Pilipinas skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Pumunta sa nilalaman</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Pangunahing pagpipilian" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pangunahing pagpipilian" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pangunahing pagpipilian</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Pangunahing pagpipilian</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">itago</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Maglibot </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Unang_Pahina" title="Puntahan ang unang pahina [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Unang pahina</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tingnan_ang_buod" title="Mga gabay sa pagbabasa ng laktaw-laktaw sa Wikipedia"><span>Mga nilalaman</span></a></li><li id="n-Napiling-nilalaman" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mga_napiling_artikulo"><span>Napiling nilalaman</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Alin_man" title="Magpalabas ng kahit-anong artikulo [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Alinmang artikulo</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Patungkol"><span>Patungkol sa Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kasalukuyang_pangyayari" title="Hanapin ang mga impormasyon tungkol sa mga kamakailang kaganapan"><span>Mga kaganapan</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Natatanging_mga_pahina"><span>Natatanging pahina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Pakikihalubilo" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Pakikihalubilo" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pakikihalubilo </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Puntahan_ng_pamayanan" title="Tungkol sa proyekto, ano ang maari mong gawin, at kung saan maari maghanap ng mga bagay"><span>Pamayanan</span></a></li><li id="n-Kapihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kapihan"><span>Kapihan</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_huling_binago" title="Tala ng mga huling pagbabago sa wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Mga huling binago</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Makipag-ugnayan_sa_amin" title="Paano makokontak ang Wikipedia"><span>Makipag-ugnayan</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tulong" title="Ang lugar para maghanap ng tulong sa Wikipedia."><span>Tulong</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Unang_Pahina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ang Malayang Ensiklopedya" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-tl.svg" width="119" height="13" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Maghanap" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Maghanap sa Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Hanapin</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Maghanap sa Wikipedia" aria-label="Maghanap sa Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Maghanap sa Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Natatangi:Maghanap"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Hanapin</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Mga pansariling kagamitan"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itsura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itsura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itsura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=tl.wikipedia.org&uselang=tl" class=""><span>Donasyon</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Likhain_ang_kuwenta&returnto=Pilipinas" title="Mas maganda kung gagawa ka ng account at magla-login; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito" class=""><span>Gumawa ng account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Paglagda_ng_tagagamit&returnto=Pilipinas" title="Mas maganda kung magla-login ka; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Mag-login</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Marami pang pagpipilian" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mga pansariling kagamitan" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mga pansariling kagamitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=tl.wikipedia.org&uselang=tl"><span>Donasyon</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>Mag-ambag</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Likhain_ang_kuwenta&returnto=Pilipinas" title="Mas maganda kung gagawa ka ng account at magla-login; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Gumawa ng account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Paglagda_ng_tagagamit&returnto=Pilipinas" title="Mas maganda kung magla-login ka; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Mag-login</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mga pahina para sa naka-logout na mga patnugot o editor <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Maligayang_pagdating!" aria-label="Alamin pa ang tungkol sa pagpapatnugot"><span>alamin pa</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Usapan_ko" title="Usapang tungkol sa mga pagbabagong ginawa sa ip address na ito [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Usapan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Mga nilalaman" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mga nilalaman</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">itago</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Simula</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Pangalan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pangalan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Pangalan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pangalan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kasaysayan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kasaysayan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kasaysayan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kasaysayan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Ipakita/Itago ang subseksyon na Kasaysayan</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kasaysayan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sinaunang_Panahon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sinaunang_Panahon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Sinaunang Panahon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sinaunang_Panahon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bago_dumating_ang_mga_mananakop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bago_dumating_ang_mga_mananakop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Bago dumating ang mga mananakop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bago_dumating_ang_mga_mananakop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Panahon_ng_mga_Kastila" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Panahon_ng_mga_Kastila"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Panahon ng mga Kastila</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Panahon_ng_mga_Kastila-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Panahon_ng_mga_Amerikano_at_ang_Pananakop_ng_mga_Hapon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Panahon_ng_mga_Amerikano_at_ang_Pananakop_ng_mga_Hapon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Panahon ng mga Amerikano at ang Pananakop ng mga Hapon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Panahon_ng_mga_Amerikano_at_ang_Pananakop_ng_mga_Hapon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Panahon_ng_Ikatlong_Republika_at_Rehimeng_Marcos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Panahon_ng_Ikatlong_Republika_at_Rehimeng_Marcos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Panahon ng Ikatlong Republika at Rehimeng Marcos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Panahon_ng_Ikatlong_Republika_at_Rehimeng_Marcos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Panahon_ng_Ikalimang_Republika_(1986_–_kasalukuyan)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Panahon_ng_Ikalimang_Republika_(1986_–_kasalukuyan)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Panahon ng Ikalimang Republika (1986 – kasalukuyan)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Panahon_ng_Ikalimang_Republika_(1986_–_kasalukuyan)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heograpiya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heograpiya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Heograpiya</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Heograpiya-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Ipakita/Itago ang subseksyon na Heograpiya</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Heograpiya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Klima" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klima"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Klima</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klima-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politika_at_Pamahalaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politika_at_Pamahalaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Politika at Pamahalaan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politika_at_Pamahalaan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Ipakita/Itago ang subseksyon na Politika at Pamahalaan</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politika_at_Pamahalaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sistema" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistema"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Sistema</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sistema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ugnayan_sa_ibang_bansa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ugnayan_sa_ibang_bansa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Ugnayan sa ibang bansa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ugnayan_sa_ibang_bansa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_rehiyon_at_lalawigan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_rehiyon_at_lalawigan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Mga rehiyon at lalawigan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_rehiyon_at_lalawigan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomiya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomiya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ekonomiya</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ekonomiya-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Ipakita/Itago ang subseksyon na Ekonomiya</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ekonomiya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transportasyon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportasyon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Transportasyon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportasyon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demograpiya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demograpiya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Demograpiya</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demograpiya-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Ipakita/Itago ang subseksyon na Demograpiya</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demograpiya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mga_pinakamalaking_lungsod" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_pinakamalaking_lungsod"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Mga pinakamalaking lungsod</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_pinakamalaking_lungsod-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pangkat-tao" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pangkat-tao"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Pangkat-tao</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pangkat-tao-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Wika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pananampalataya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pananampalataya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Pananampalataya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pananampalataya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pag-aaral" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pag-aaral"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Pag-aaral</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pag-aaral-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kalinangan_at_kaugalian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kalinangan_at_kaugalian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Kalinangan at kaugalian</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kalinangan_at_kaugalian-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Ipakita/Itago ang subseksyon na Kalinangan at kaugalian</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kalinangan_at_kaugalian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Midya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Midya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Midya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Midya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tingnan_din" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tingnan_din"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Tingnan din</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tingnan_din-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_sanggunian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_sanggunian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Mga sanggunian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_sanggunian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_palabas_na_kawing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_palabas_na_kawing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Mga palabas na kawing</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mga_palabas_na_kawing-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Ipakita/Itago ang subseksyon na Mga palabas na kawing</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mga_palabas_na_kawing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mga_pahinang_opisyal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_pahinang_opisyal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Mga pahinang opisyal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_pahinang_opisyal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kasaysayan_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kasaysayan_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Kasaysayan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kasaysayan_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_pahinang_pambalita" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_pahinang_pambalita"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Mga pahinang pambalita</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_pahinang_pambalita-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iba_pang_mga_pahina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iba_pang_mga_pahina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.4</span> <span>Iba pang mga pahina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iba_pang_mga_pahina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mga nilalaman" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Talaan ng mga Nilalaman" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pilipinas</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pumunta sa isang artikulo na nakasulat sa ibang wika. Mayroon ito sa 265 (na) wika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-265" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">265 wika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Филиппин – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Филиппин" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipina" title="Filipina – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Filipina" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippyne" title="Filippyne – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Filippyne" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippinen" title="Philippinen – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Philippinen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%8A%E1%88%8A%E1%8D%92%E1%8A%95%E1%88%B5" title="ፊሊፒንስ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፊሊፒንስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Philippines" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipinas" title="Filipinas – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Filipinas" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippin%C4%ABega" title="Filippinīega – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Filippinīega" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8" title="फिलीपींस – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="फिलीपींस" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86" title="الفلبين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الفلبين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A6%DC%9D%DC%A0%DC%9D%DC%A6%DC%9D%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܦܝܠܝܦܝܢܝܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܦܝܠܝܦܝܢܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%86" title="فيليپين – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="فيليپين" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86" title="الفيليبين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الفيليبين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8" title="ফিলিপাইন – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ফিলিপাইন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipines" title="Filipines – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Filipines" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="फिलिपिन्स – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="फिलिपिन्स" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippin" title="Filippin – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Filippin" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86" title="فیلیپین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فیلیپین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Филиппин – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Филиппин" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipina" title="Filipina – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Filipina" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippinen" title="Philippinen – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Philippinen" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C4%97l%C4%97pin%C4%81" title="Fėlėpinā – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Fėlėpinā" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilipina" title="Pilipina – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Pilipina" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipinas" title="Filipinas – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Filipinas" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Філіпіны – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Філіпіны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Філіпіны – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Філіпіны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilip%C3%A9nen" title="Pilipénen – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Pilipénen" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Филипини – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Филипини" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8" title="फिलिपींस – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="फिलिपींस" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipin" title="Filipin – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Filipin" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilipina" title="Pilipina – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Pilipina" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8" title="ফিলিপাইন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফিলিপাইন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A7%E0%BE%A5%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="ཧྥི་ལི་པིན། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཧྥི་ལི་པིན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8" title="ফিলিপাইন – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ফিলিপাইন" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipinez" title="Filipinez – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Filipinez" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipini" title="Filipini – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Filipini" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilipina" title="Pilipina – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Pilipina" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%84%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%92%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%84%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%8A" title="ᨄᨗᨒᨗᨄᨗᨊ – Buginese" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨄᨗᨒᨗᨄᨗᨊ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Buginese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8D" title="Филиппинэ – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Филиппинэ" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipines" title="Filipines – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Filipines" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipinas" title="Filipinas – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Filipinas" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C4%AD-l%C4%AD-p%C4%ADng" title="Hĭ-lĭ-pĭng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Hĭ-lĭ-pĭng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Филиппинаш – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Филиппинаш" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilipinas" title="Pilipinas – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pilipinas" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipinas" title="Filipinas – Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Filipinas" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%88%E1%8E%B5%E1%8E%A9%E1%8F%83" title="ᎠᏂᏈᎵᎩᏃ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏂᏈᎵᎩᏃ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86" title="فلیپین – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فلیپین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippine" title="Filippine – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Filippine" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippinler" title="Filippinler – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Filippinler" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip%C3%ADny" title="Filipíny – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Filipíny" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipin%C3%AB" title="Filipinë – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Filipinë" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Филиппинсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Филиппинсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_Philipinau" title="Y Philipinau – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Y Philipinau" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippinerne" title="Filippinerne – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Filippinerne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Philippines" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippinen" title="Philippinen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Philippinen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C4%B1lipin" title="Fılipin – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Fılipin" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipiny" title="Filipiny – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Filipiny" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipina" title="Filipina – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Filipina" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="फिलिपिन्स – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="फिलिपिन्स" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8A%DE%A8%DE%8D%DE%A8%DE%95%DE%A9%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%90%DE%B0" title="ފިލިޕީންސް – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ފިލިޕީންސް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%80%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Φιλιππίνες – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φιλιππίνες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Philippines" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipinoj" title="Filipinoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Filipinoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipinas" title="Filipinas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Filipinas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipiinid" title="Filipiinid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Filipiinid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipinak" title="Filipinak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Filipinak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilipinas" title="Hilipinas – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Hilipinas" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86" title="فیلیپین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فیلیپین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipiin" title="Filipiin – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Filipiin" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippiinit" title="Filippiinit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Filippiinit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipiiniq" title="Filipiiniq – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Filipiiniq" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipaini" title="Filipaini – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Filipaini" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipsoyggjar" title="Filipsoyggjar – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Filipsoyggjar" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Philippines" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felipenes" title="Felipenes – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Felipenes" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipiinen" title="Filipiinen – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Filipiinen" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipinen" title="Filipinen – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Filipinen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na_hOile%C3%A1in_Fhilip%C3%ADneacha" title="Na hOileáin Fhilipíneacha – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Na hOileáin Fhilipíneacha" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippinner" title="Filippinner – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Filippinner" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E8%B3%93" title="菲律賓 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="菲律賓" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipin" title="Filipin – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Filipin" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na_h-Eileanan_Filipineach" title="Na h-Eileanan Filipineach – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Na h-Eileanan Filipineach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipinas" title="Filipinas – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Filipinas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip%C3%ADna" title="Filipína – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Filipína" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="फिलीपिन्स – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="फिलीपिन्स" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilipina" title="Pilipina – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Pilipina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%86%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%80%F0%90%8D%80%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8D%89%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌹𐍀𐍀𐌰𐌿𐌾𐍉𐍃 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌹𐍀𐍀𐌰𐌿𐌾𐍉𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AB%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9D" title="ફિલિપીન્ઝ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ફિલિપીન્ઝ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ny_h-Ellanyn_Philippeenagh" title="Ny h-Ellanyn Philippeenagh – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Ny h-Ellanyn Philippeenagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipin" title="Filipin – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Filipin" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%AE-li%CC%8Dt-p%C3%AEn" title="Fî-li̍t-pîn – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Fî-li̍t-pîn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BB%C4%80ina_Pilipino" title="ʻĀina Pilipino – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻĀina Pilipino" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D" title="הפיליפינים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הפיליפינים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="फ़िलीपीन्स – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फ़िलीपीन्स" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Philippines" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipini" title="Filipini – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Filipini" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipiny" title="Filipiny – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Filipiny" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipin" title="Filipin – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Filipin" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BCl%C3%B6p-szigetek" title="Fülöp-szigetek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fülöp-szigetek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ֆիլիպիններ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆիլիպիններ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippinas" title="Philippinas – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Philippinas" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipina" title="Filipina – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Filipina" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipina" title="Filipina – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Filipina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipines" title="Filipines – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Filipines" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilipinat" title="Pilipinat – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Pilipinat" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipinas" title="Filipinas – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Filipinas" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipini" title="Filipini – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Filipini" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippseyjar" title="Filippseyjar – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Filippseyjar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippine" title="Filippine – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Filippine" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%83%94%E3%83%B3" title="フィリピン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フィリピン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipiinz" title="Filipiinz – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Filipiinz" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/pilipinas" title="pilipinas – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="pilipinas" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipina" title="Filipina – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Filipina" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ფილიპინები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფილიპინები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippin" title="Filippin – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Filippin" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippin" title="Filippin – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Filippin" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%85%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Филипинхэр – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Филипинхэр" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipini" title="Filipini – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Filipini" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipin" title="Filipin – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Filipin" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Philippines" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipina" title="Filipina – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Filipina" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Philippines" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Филиппин – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Филиппин" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93" title="ហ្វីលីពីន – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ហ្វីលីពីន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AB%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಫಿಲಿಪ್ಪೀನ್ಸ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಫಿಲಿಪ್ಪೀನ್ಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine" title="Philippine – Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="Philippine" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" data-language-local-name="Central Kanuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yerwa Kanuri</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%84%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%80" title="필리핀 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="필리핀" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Филиппинле – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Филиппинле" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%90%D9%84%D9%90%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%96%D9%86" title="فِلِپیٖن – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="فِلِپیٖن" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fil%C3%AEp%C3%AEn" title="Filîpîn – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Filîpîn" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8A%D1%8F%D1%81" title="Филиппинъяс – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Филиппинъяс" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipinys" title="Filipinys – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Filipinys" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Филиппин – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Филиппин" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippinae" title="Philippinae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Philippinae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipinas" title="Filipinas – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Filipinas" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippinnen" title="Philippinnen – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Philippinnen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Филиппинар – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Филиппинар" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilipinas" title="Pilipinas – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Pilipinas" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipiene" title="Filipiene – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Filipiene" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippinn-e" title="Filippinn-e – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Filippinn-e" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipines" title="Filipines – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Filipines" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipinn" title="Filipinn – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Filipinn" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fil%C3%ADpino" title="Filípino – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Filípino" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%9F%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99" title="ປະເທດຟີລິບປິນ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດຟີລິບປິນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipinai" title="Filipinai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Filipinai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip%C4%ABnas" title="Filipīnas – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Filipīnas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%CC%A3ilipina" title="P̣ilipina – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="P̣ilipina" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="फिलिपिन्स – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="फिलिपिन्स" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipina" title="Filipina – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Filipina" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Пилиппинтне – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Пилиппинтне" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipina" title="Filipina – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Filipina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD-%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Филиппин-влак – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Филиппин-влак" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirip%C4%ABni" title="Piripīni – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Piripīni" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipina" title="Filipina – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Filipina" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Филипини – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Филипини" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ഫിലിപ്പീൻസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫിലിപ്പീൻസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Филиппин – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Филиппин" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%90%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%9E%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%81" title="ꯐꯤꯂꯤꯞꯄꯤꯟꯁ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯐꯤꯂꯤꯞꯄꯤꯟꯁ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="फिलिपिन्स – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="फिलिपिन्स" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%93" title="Филиппинвлӓ – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Филиппинвлӓ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipina" title="Filipina – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Filipina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippini" title="Filippini – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Filippini" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipinas" title="Filipinas – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Filipinas" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9C%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ဖိလစ်ပိုင်နိုင်ငံ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဖိလစ်ပိုင်နိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86" title="فیلیپین – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="فیلیپین" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippinen" title="Philippinen – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Philippinen" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="फिलिपिन्स – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="फिलिपिन्स" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="फिलिपिन्स – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="फिलिपिन्स" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipina" title="Filipina – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Filipina" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipijnen" title="Filipijnen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Filipijnen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippinane" title="Filippinane – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Filippinane" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippinene" title="Filippinene – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Filippinene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipines" title="Filipines – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Filipines" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9yah_Da%C5%84l%C3%ADinii" title="Kéyah Dańlíinii – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Kéyah Dańlíinii" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipinas" title="Filipinas – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Filipinas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippinat" title="Filippinat – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Filippinat" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filiippiinsi" title="Filiippiinsi – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Filiippiinsi" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AB%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B8" title="ଫିଲିପାଇନ୍ସ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଫିଲିପାଇନ୍ସ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Филиппинтæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Филиппинтæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC" title="ਫਿਲੀਪੀਨਜ਼ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫਿਲੀਪੀਨਜ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipinas" title="Filipinas – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Filipinas" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipinas" title="Filipinas – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Filipinas" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipinas" title="Filipinas – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Filipinas" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilipines" title="Pilipines – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Pilipines" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="फिलिपीन्स – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="फिलिपीन्स" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felapiins" title="Felapiins – Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Felapiins" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipiny" title="Filipiny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Filipiny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipin-e" title="Filipin-e – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Filipin-e" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86" title="فلپائن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فلپائن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%90%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%86" title="پېليپين – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پېليپين" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipinas" title="Filipinas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Filipinas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pwn mw-list-item"><a href="https://pwn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilipinas" title="Pilipinas – Paiwan" lang="pwn" hreflang="pwn" data-title="Pilipinas" data-language-autonym="Pinayuanan" data-language-local-name="Paiwan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pinayuanan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipinakuna" title="Philipinakuna – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Philipinakuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipine" title="Filipine – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Filipine" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipine" title="Filipine – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Filipine" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipinji" title="Filipinji – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Filipinji" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Филиппины – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Филиппины" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Філіпіны – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Філіпіны" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipine" title="Filipine – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Filipine" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%83" title="कलिङ्गद्वीपः – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="कलिङ्गद्वीपः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пилипиин – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Пилипиин" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipinas" title="Filipinas – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Filipinas" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippini" title="Filippini – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Filippini" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Philippines" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86" title="فلپائن – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="فلپائن" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippiinnat" title="Filippiinnat – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Filippiinnat" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip%C3%AEni" title="Filipîni – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Filipîni" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipini" title="Filipini – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Filipini" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%BE%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="မိူင်းၾီလိပ်ႈပိၼ်း – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းၾီလိပ်ႈပိၼ်း" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="පිලිපීනය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පිලිපීනය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Philippines" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip%C3%ADny" title="Filipíny – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Filipíny" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipini" title="Filipini – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Filipini" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipaina" title="Filipaina – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Filipaina" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippiineh" title="Filippiineh – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Filippiineh" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Philippines" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filibiin" title="Filibiin – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Filibiin" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipinet" title="Filipinet – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Filipinet" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Филипини – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Филипини" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipins" title="Filipins – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Filipins" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IFiliphayi" title="IFiliphayi – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IFiliphayi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilipina" title="Pilipina – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Pilipina" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippinerna" title="Filippinerna – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Filippinerna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ufilipino" title="Ufilipino – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ufilipino" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipiny" title="Filipiny – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Filipiny" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Philippines" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="பிலிப்பீன்சு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிலிப்பீன்சு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Philippines" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AB%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="ఫిలిప్పీన్స్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఫిలిప్పీన్స్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipinas" title="Filipinas – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Filipinas" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Филиппин – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Филиппин" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="ประเทศฟิลิปปินส์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศฟิลิปปินส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippinler" title="Filippinler – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Filippinler" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippin" title="Filippin – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Filippin" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipaini" title="Filipaini – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Filipaini" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipin" title="Filipin – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Filipin" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipinler" title="Filipinler – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Filipinler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Philippines" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Филиппин – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Филиппин" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Philippines" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Филиппин – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Филиппин" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89%D9%BE%D9%BE%D9%89%D9%86" title="فىلىپپىن – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="فىلىپپىن" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Філіппіни – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Філіппіни" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86" title="فلپائن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فلپائن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippin" title="Filippin – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Filippin" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi%C5%82ipine" title="Fiłipine – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Fiłipine" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippinad" title="Filippinad – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Filippinad" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Philippines" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipynn" title="Filipynn – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Filipynn" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipu%C3%A4ns" title="Filipuäns – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Filipuäns" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipenes" title="Filipenes – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Filipenes" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilipinas" title="Pilipinas – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pilipinas" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipiin" title="Filipiin – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Filipiin" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E5%AE%BE" title="菲律宾 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="菲律宾" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ფილიპინეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფილიპინეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%9F" title="פיליפינען – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פיליפינען" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip%C3%ADn%C3%AC" title="Filipínì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Filipínì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feihlizbinh" title="Feihlizbinh – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Feihlizbinh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filepijn%E2%80%99n" title="Filepijn’n – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Filepijn’n" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E5%AE%BE" title="菲律宾 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="菲律宾" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E8%B3%93" title="菲律賓 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="菲律賓" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hui-li%CC%8Dp-pin" title="Hui-li̍p-pin – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hui-li̍p-pin" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E8%B3%93" title="菲律賓 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="菲律賓" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q928#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Baguhin ang link sa ibang wika" class="wbc-editpage">baguhin ang mga link</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pilipinas" title="Tingnan ang nilalaman [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Usapan:Pilipinas" rel="discussion" title="Usapan tungkol sa nilalaman nito [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Usapan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ibahin ang baryante o variant ng wika" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tagalog</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Mga tingin"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pilipinas"><span>Basahin</span></a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilipinas&action=edit" title="Protektado ang pahinang ito. Maaari mong makita ang wikitext nito. [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Tingnan ang wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilipinas&action=history" title="Nakaraang pagbabago sa pahinang ito [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Tingnan ang kasaysayan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mga kagamitan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mga kagamitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mga kagamitan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">itago</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mga aksyon </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pilipinas"><span>Basahin</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilipinas&action=edit"><span>Tingnan ang wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilipinas&action=history"><span>Tingnan ang kasaysayan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pangkalahatan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Ano_ang_nakakawing_dito/Pilipinas" title="Talaan ng mga pahinang wiking nakaturo rito. [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Mga nakaturo rito</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Nakakawing_ng_kamakailang_pagbabago/Pilipinas" rel="nofollow" title="Mga huling binago sa mga kaugnay na pahina mula sa pahinang ito [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Kaugnay na pagbabago</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=tl" title="Magkarga ng mga larawan o iba pang midya [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Mag-upload ng file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilipinas&oldid=2143800" title="Ibigay ang palagiang kawing para sa kasalukuyang bersyon ng pahinang ito"><span>Permanenteng link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilipinas&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Impormasyon ng pahina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Sipiin&page=Pilipinas&id=2143800&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Impormasyon sa pagsangguni sa pahinang ito"><span>Sumangguni</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPilipinas"><span>Kumuha ng pinaikling URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPilipinas"><span>I-download ang QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> I-print/I-export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Aklat&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Pilipinas"><span>Lumikha ng isang aklat</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:DownloadAsPdf&page=Pilipinas&action=show-download-screen"><span>I-download bilang PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilipinas&printable=yes" title="Ipakita ang bersyon ng pahinang itong madaling maililimbag [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Bersyong mapi-print</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sa iba pang proyekto </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pilipinas_/_Philippines" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q928" title="Link sa nakakonektang item sa repositoryo ng datos [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Item na Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itsura"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Itsura</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">itago</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Mula sa Wikipedia, ang malayang ensiklopedya</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Idinirekta mula sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Republika_ng_Pilipinas&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Republika ng Pilipinas">Republika ng Pilipinas</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tl" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1973446">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-protection" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Semi-protection-shackle.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Page semi-protected"><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/60px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/80px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>Ang pagbabago sa artikulo na ito ng bago o di nakarehistrong tagagamit ay kasalukuyang nakaproteka.</b><br />Tingnan ang <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Protection policy">patakaran sa proteksyon</a> at <a class="external text" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Natatangi%3ALog&page=Pilipinas&type=protect">tala ng proteksyon</a> para sa karagdagang detalye. Kung hindi mo mabago ang artikulo na ito at nais mong baguhin ang pahina, maari kang <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Usapan%3APilipinas&preload=Template%3ASubmit+an+edit+request%2Fpreload&action=edit&section=new&editintro=Template%3AEdit+semi-protected%2Feditintro&preloadtitle=Medyo-nakaprotekta+-+hiling+sa+pagbabago+noong+26+Pebrero+2025&preloadparams%5B%5D=edit+semi-protected&preloadparams%5B%5D=Pilipinas">humiling ng isang pagbabago</a></span>, o kaya sabihin ang pagbabago o hilingin ang pagtanggal ng proteksyon sa <a href="/wiki/Usapan:Pilipinas#top" title="Usapan:Pilipinas">pahina ng usapan</a>,, o kaya <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Paglagda_ng_tagagamit" title="Natatangi:Paglagda ng tagagamit">mag login ka</a>, o kaya <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Paglagda_ng_tagagamit/signup" title="Natatangi:Paglagda ng tagagamit/signup">lumikha ng account</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1971697">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2051707">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Republika ng Pilipinas</div><div class="ib-country-names"><i lang="en" title="Ingles language text">Republic of the Philippines</i> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Wikang_Ingles" title="Wikang Ingles">Ingles</a>)</span> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; width:58%; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Watawat ng Pilipinas"><img alt="Watawat ng Pilipinas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/125px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/188px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Watawat_ng_Pilipinas" title="Watawat ng Pilipinas">Watawat</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sagisag ng Pilipinas"><img alt="Sagisag ng Pilipinas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="568" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Sagisag_ng_Pilipinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Sagisag ng Pilipinas"> Sagisag</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="line-height:1.2em;"><b>Salawikain: </b><a href="/wiki/Maka-Diyos,_Maka-Tao,_Makakalikasan_at_Makabansa" class="mw-redirect" title="Maka-Diyos, Maka-Tao, Makakalikasan at Makabansa">Maka-Diyos, Maka-Tao, Makakalikasan at Makabansa</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><div style="line-height:1.2em;"><b>Awitin: </b><a href="/wiki/Lupang_Hinirang" title="Lupang Hinirang">Lupang Hinirang</a><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="56" data-mwtitle="Philippine_National_Anthem,_the_Lupang_Hinirang,_Himno_Nacional_Filipino_Unknown_Artist.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Philippine_National_Anthem%2C_the_Lupang_Hinirang%2C_Himno_Nacional_Filipino_Unknown_Artist.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/Philippine_National_Anthem%2C_the_Lupang_Hinirang%2C_Himno_Nacional_Filipino_Unknown_Artist.ogg/Philippine_National_Anthem%2C_the_Lupang_Hinirang%2C_Himno_Nacional_Filipino_Unknown_Artist.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3APhilippine_National_Anthem%2C_the_Lupang_Hinirang%2C_Himno_Nacional_Filipino_Unknown_Artist.ogg&lang=ceb&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ceb" label="Cebuano ‪(ceb)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3APhilippine_National_Anthem%2C_the_Lupang_Hinirang%2C_Himno_Nacional_Filipino_Unknown_Artist.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3APhilippine_National_Anthem%2C_the_Lupang_Hinirang%2C_Himno_Nacional_Filipino_Unknown_Artist.ogg&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3APhilippine_National_Anthem%2C_the_Lupang_Hinirang%2C_Himno_Nacional_Filipino_Unknown_Artist.ogg&lang=la&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="la" label="Latina ‪(la)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3APhilippine_National_Anthem%2C_the_Lupang_Hinirang%2C_Himno_Nacional_Filipino_Unknown_Artist.ogg&lang=ms&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ms" label="Bahasa Melayu ‪(ms)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3APhilippine_National_Anthem%2C_the_Lupang_Hinirang%2C_Himno_Nacional_Filipino_Unknown_Artist.ogg&lang=tl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tl" label="Tagalog ‪(tl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3APhilippine_National_Anthem%2C_the_Lupang_Hinirang%2C_Himno_Nacional_Filipino_Unknown_Artist.ogg&lang=war&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="war" label="Winaray ‪(war)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:PHL_orthographic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Pilipinas"><img alt="Location of Pilipinas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/PHL_orthographic.svg/250px-PHL_orthographic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/PHL_orthographic.svg/375px-PHL_orthographic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/PHL_orthographic.svg/500px-PHL_orthographic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kabisera</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maynila" title="Maynila">Maynila</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pinakamalaking lungsod</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lungsod_Quezon" title="Lungsod Quezon">Lungsod Quezon</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1948753">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Pilipinas&params=14_38_N_121_02_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Mga mapa, mga larawang panghimpapawid, at iba pang datos para sa lokasyong ito"><span class="latitude">14°38′N</span> <span class="longitude">121°02′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Mga mapa , mga larawang panghimpapawid, at iba pang datos para sa lokasyong ito">14.633°N 121.033°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">14.633; 121.033</span></span></span></a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Wikang opisyal</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wikang_Filipino" title="Wikang Filipino">Filipino</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Ingles" title="Wikang Ingles">Ingles</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Katawagan</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mga_Pilipino" title="Mga Pilipino">Pilipino/Pilipina</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Pinoy" title="Pinoy">Pinoy/Pinay</a> (katawagang palasak)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pamahalaan</th><td class="infobox-data">Unitaryong <a href="/wiki/Pangulo" title="Pangulo">pampanguluhang</a> <a href="/wiki/Republika" title="Republika">republikang</a> <a href="/wiki/Saligang_batas" title="Saligang batas">konstitusyonal</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1971697"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Pangulo_ng_Pilipinas" title="Pangulo ng Pilipinas">Pangulo</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos Jr.</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Pangalawang_Pangulo_ng_Pilipinas" title="Pangalawang Pangulo ng Pilipinas">Pangalawang Pangulo</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sara_Duterte" title="Sara Duterte">Sara Duterte-Carpio</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Pangulo_ng_Senado_ng_Pilipinas" title="Pangulo ng Senado ng Pilipinas">Pangulo ng Senado</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Juan_Miguel_Zubiri" title="Juan Miguel Zubiri">Juan Miguel Zubiri</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Ispiker_ng_Kapulungan_ng_mga_Kinatawan_ng_Pilipinas" title="Ispiker ng Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ng Pilipinas">Ispiker</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Romualdez" title="Martin Romualdez">Martin Romualdez</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Punong_Mahistrado_ng_Kataas-taasang_Hukuman_ng_Pilipinas" title="Punong Mahistrado ng Kataas-taasang Hukuman ng Pilipinas">Punong Mahistrado</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">Alexander Gesmundo</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lehislatura</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kongreso_ng_Pilipinas" title="Kongreso ng Pilipinas">Kongreso</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Mataas na Kapulungan</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Senado_ng_Pilipinas" title="Senado ng Pilipinas">Senado</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Mababang Kapulungan</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kapulungan_ng_mga_Kinatawan_ng_Pilipinas" title="Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ng Pilipinas">Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Himagsikang_Pilipino" title="Himagsikang Pilipino">Kalayaan</a> <div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;">mula sa <a href="/wiki/Espanya" title="Espanya">Espanya</a> at <a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1971697"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Pagpapahayag_ng_Kalayaan_ng_Pilipinas" title="Pagpapahayag ng Kalayaan ng Pilipinas">Ipinahayag</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">12 Hunyo 1898</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Batas_Tydings-McDuffie" class="mw-redirect" title="Batas Tydings-McDuffie">Pansariling pamahalaan</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">24 Marso 1934</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Araw_ng_Republika" title="Araw ng Republika">Kinikilala</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">4 Hulyo 1946</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Saligang_Batas_ng_Pilipinas" title="Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas">Kasalukuyang saligang batas</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">2 Pebrero 1987</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heograpiya_ngPilipinas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heograpiya ngPilipinas (hindi pa naisusulat)">Lawak </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Kabuuan</div></th><td class="infobox-data">343,448<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> km<sup>2</sup> (132,606 mi kuw) (Ika-64)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Katubigan (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">0.61<sup id="cite_ref-CIAfactbook_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAfactbook-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (tubig sa kaloobang sakop ng Pilipinas)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Populasyon</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Senso ng 2020</div></th><td class="infobox-data">109,035,343 (Ika-13)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Densidad</div></th><td class="infobox-data">363.45/km<sup>2</sup> (941.3/mi kuw) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">Ika-37</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross domestic product">KDP</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" class="mw-redirect" title="Purchasing power parity">PLP</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Pagtataya sa 2024</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Kabuuan</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$1.384 trilyon</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Bawat kapita</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$12,127</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross domestic product">KDP</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(nominal)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Pagtataya sa 2024</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Kabuuan</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$475.947 bilyon</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Bawat kapita</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$4,169</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Koepisyente_ng_Gini" class="mw-redirect" title="Koepisyente ng Gini">Gini</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2021)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">41.2<sup id="cite_ref-wb-gini_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wb-gini-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="color:orange">katamtaman</span></span> · Ika-44</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Talatuntunan_ng_Kaunlarang_Pantao" title="Talatuntunan ng Kaunlarang Pantao">TKP</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2022)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">0.710<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="color:forestgreen">mataas</span></span> · Ika-113</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Salapi</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Piso_ng_Pilipinas" title="Piso ng Pilipinas">Piso ng Pilipinas</a> (₱) (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">PHP</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sona ng oras</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+8</span> (<a href="/wiki/Pamantayang_Oras_ng_Pilipinas" title="Pamantayang Oras ng Pilipinas">Pamantayang Oras ng Pilipinas</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Tag-init (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+8</span> (hindi sinusunod)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ayos ng petsa</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2150173">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>buwan-araw-taon</li><li>araw-buwan-taon (<a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" class="mw-redirect" title="Anno Domini">AD</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Gilid ng pagmamaneho</th><td class="infobox-data">kanan<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kodigong pantelepono</th><td class="infobox-data">+63</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kodigo sa ISO 3166</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_3166-2:PH&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 3166-2:PH (hindi pa naisusulat)">PH</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Internet TLD</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.ph" class="mw-redirect" title=".ph">.ph</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="text-align:left;margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">* Ang <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Sebwano" title="Wikang Sebwano">Sebwano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Zamboangue%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikang Zamboangueño">Tsabakano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Iloko" title="Wikang Iloko">Ilokano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Hiligaynon" title="Wikang Hiligaynon">Hiligaynon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mga_wikang_Bikol" title="Mga wikang Bikol">Bikol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Waray-Waray" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikang Waray-Waray">Waray-Waray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Kapampangan" title="Wikang Kapampangan">Kapampangan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Pangasinan" title="Wikang Pangasinan">Pangasinan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Aklanon" title="Wikang Aklanon">Aklanon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Ibanag" title="Wikang Ibanag">Ibanag</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Ibatan" title="Wikang Ibatan">Ibatan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Kinaray-a" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikang Kinaray-a">Kinaray-a</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Sambal" title="Wikang Sambal">Sambal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Surigaonon" title="Wikang Surigaonon">Surigaonon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Maranao" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikang Maranao">Maranao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Maguindanao" title="Wikang Maguindanao">Maguindanao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Yakan" title="Wikang Yakan">Yakan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Tagalog" title="Wikang Tagalog">Tagalog</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Tausug" title="Wikang Tausug">Taūsug</a> ay ang mga auksilar na wikang opisyal sa kanilang sariling rehiyon. Ang <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Kastila" title="Wikang Kastila">Kastila</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Arabe" title="Wikang Arabe">Arabe</a> ay itinataguyod sa isang pangunahing at kusang batayan.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Ang <b>Pilipinas</b>, opisyal na <b>Republika ng Pilipinas</b>, ay isang <a href="/wiki/Malayang_estado" title="Malayang estado">malayang estado</a> at kapuluang bansa sa <a href="/wiki/Timog-Silangang_Asya" class="mw-redirect" title="Timog-Silangang Asya">Timog-Silangang Asya</a> na nasa kanlurang bahagi ng <a href="/wiki/Karagatang_Pasipiko" title="Karagatang Pasipiko">Karagatang Pasipiko</a>. Binubuo ito ng 7,641 pulo na nahahati sa tatlong kumpol ng mga pulo: <a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kabisayaan" title="Kabisayaan">Kabisayaan</a> (kilala rin bilang <i>Visayas</i>) at <a href="/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a>. Napapalibutan ito ng <a href="/wiki/Dagat_Pilipinas" title="Dagat Pilipinas">Dagat Pilipinas</a> sa silangan, <a href="/wiki/Dagat_Luzon" class="mw-redirect" title="Dagat Luzon">Dagat Luzon</a> sa kanluran, at ng <a href="/wiki/Dagat_ng_Celebes" class="mw-redirect" title="Dagat ng Celebes">Dagat ng Celebes</a> sa katimugan. Nasa katimugang bahagi ng bansa ang bansang <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesia">Indonesya</a> habang ang bansang <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> naman ay nasa timog-kanluran. Naroroon sa silangan ang bansang <a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a> at sa hilaga naman ang bansang <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>. </p><p>Ang Pilipinas ay matatagpuan din malapit sa <a href="/wiki/Ekwador" title="Ekwador">Ekwador</a> at sa <a href="/wiki/Singsing_ng_Apoy_ng_Pasipiko" title="Singsing ng Apoy ng Pasipiko">Singsing ng Apoy ng Pasipiko</a> na siyang dahilan kung bakit madalas tamaan ang bansa ng mga bagyo at lindol. Ang Pilipinas ay may lawak na 300,000 kilometro kuwadrado (115,831 milya kuwadrado), at noong 2021, mayroon itong populasyon na humigit-kumulang 109 milyong katao.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang Pilipinas ang ikawalong pinakamataong bansa sa <a href="/wiki/Asya" title="Asya">Asya</a> at ang <a href="/wiki/Tala_ng_mga_bansa_ayon_sa_populasyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Tala ng mga bansa ayon sa populasyon">ika-labintatlong pinakamataong bansa</a> sa daigdig. Ang kabisera nito ay ang lungsod ng <a href="/wiki/Maynila" title="Maynila">Maynila</a> at ang pinakamalaking lungsod ay ang <a href="/wiki/Lungsod_Quezon" title="Lungsod Quezon">Lungsod Quezon</a>; pawang bahagi ng <a href="/wiki/Kalakhang_Maynila" title="Kalakhang Maynila">Kalakhang Maynila</a>. </p><p>Noong sinaunang panahon, ang mga <a href="/wiki/Mga_Negrito" title="Mga Negrito">Negrito</a> ang ilan sa mga unang nanirahan sa kapuluan. Sinundan sila ng pagdating ng mga <a href="/wiki/Mga_Austronesyo" title="Mga Austronesyo">Austronesyo</a>. Naganap ang pakikipagkalakalan sa mga <a href="/wiki/Intsik" title="Intsik">Intsik</a>, Malay, <a href="/wiki/India" class="mw-redirect" title="India">Indiyano</a>, at mga bansang <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Muslim</a>. Ang pagdating ni <a href="/wiki/Fernando_de_Magallanes" title="Fernando de Magallanes">Fernando de Magallanes</a> noong 1521 ay ang pasimula ng pananakop ng mga Kastila. Noong 1543, pinangalanan ng isang Kastilang manggagalugad na si <a href="/wiki/Ruy_L%C3%B3pez_de_Villalobos" title="Ruy López de Villalobos">Ruy López de Villalobos</a> ang kapuluan na <i>Las Islas Filipinas</i> (Mga Kapuluan ng Pilipinas) sa karangalan ni <a href="/wiki/Felipe_II_ng_Espanya" title="Felipe II ng Espanya">Felipe II ng Espanya</a>. Sa pagdating ni <a href="/wiki/Miguel_L%C3%B3pez_de_Legazpi" title="Miguel López de Legazpi">Miguel López de Legazpi</a> mula sa <a href="/wiki/Lungsod_ng_Mehiko" title="Lungsod ng Mehiko">Lungsod ng Mehiko</a> noong 1565, naitatag ang unang paninirahan ng mga Kastila sa kapuluan. Naging bahagi ang Pilipinas sa <a href="/wiki/Imperyong_Kastila" title="Imperyong Kastila">Imperyong Kastila</a> nang mahigit 300 taon. Naging daan ito upang ang <a href="/wiki/Katolisismo" title="Katolisismo">Katolisismo</a> ang maging pangunahing pananampalataya. Sa gitna ng kapanahunang ito, ang Maynila ang naging sentro ng kalakalan ng kanluran sa Pasipiko na umuugnay sa Asya sa <a href="/wiki/Acapulco" title="Acapulco">Acapulco</a> sa <a href="/wiki/Kaamerikahan" title="Kaamerikahan">Kaamerikahan</a> gamit ang mga <a href="/wiki/Galeon_ng_Maynila" title="Galeon ng Maynila">galeon ng Maynila</a>. </p><p>Noong 1896, sumiklab ang <a href="/wiki/Himagsikang_Pilipino" title="Himagsikang Pilipino">Himagsikang Pilipino</a>, na nagpatatag sa sandaling pag-iral ng <a href="/wiki/Unang_Republika_ng_Pilipinas" title="Unang Republika ng Pilipinas">Unang Republika ng Pilipinas</a>, na sinundan naman ng madugong <a href="/wiki/Digmaang_Pilipino-Amerikano" class="mw-redirect" title="Digmaang Pilipino-Amerikano">Digmaang Pilipino-Amerikano</a> ng panlulupig ng hukbong sandatahan ng <a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a>. Sa kabila ng <a href="/wiki/Pananakop_ng_mga_Hapones_sa_Pilipinas" title="Pananakop ng mga Hapones sa Pilipinas">pananakop ng mga Hapon</a>, nanatili sa Estados Unidos ang kataas-taasang kapangyarihan sa kapuluan hanggang matapos ang <a href="/wiki/Ikalawang_Digmaang_Pandaigdig" title="Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig">Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig</a>, kung kailan kinilala na ang Pilipinas bilang isang malayang bansa. Mula noon, ang Pilipinas ay nagkaroon ng magulong karanasan sa demokrasya, kung saan kabilang ang pagpapatalsik ng diktadurya sa isang <a href="/wiki/Rebolusyong_EDSA_ng_1986" title="Rebolusyong EDSA ng 1986">di-marahas na himagsikan</a>. </p><p>Ang Pilipinas ay isang orihinal na kasapi ng <a href="/wiki/Mga_Nagkakaisang_Bansa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mga Nagkakaisang Bansa">Mga Nagkakaisang Bansa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kapisanan_ng_Pandaigdigang_Kalakalan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kapisanan ng Pandaigdigang Kalakalan">Kapisanan ng Pandaigdigang Kalakalan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samahan_ng_mga_Bansa_sa_Timog-Silangang_Asya" title="Samahan ng mga Bansa sa Timog-Silangang Asya">Samahan ng mga Bansa sa Timog-Silangang Asya</a>, ang <a href="/wiki/Ekonomikong_Kooperasyon_sa_Asya-Pasipiko" title="Ekonomikong Kooperasyon sa Asya-Pasipiko">Ekonomikong Kooperasyon sa Asya-Pasipiko</a>, at ang <a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Summit" title="East Asia Summit">Pulong-Panguluhan ng Silangang Asya</a>. Nandito rin ang himpilan ng <a href="/wiki/Bangko_sa_Pagpapaunlad_ng_Asya" title="Bangko sa Pagpapaunlad ng Asya">Bangko sa Pagpapaunlad ng Asya</a>. Itinuturing ang Pilipinas na isang bagong industriyalisadong bansa, kung saan mayroong ekonomiyang nagbabago mula sa isang nakabatay sa agrikultura patungo sa isang mas nakabatay naman sa mga serbisyo at pagmamanupaktura. Isa ang Pilipinas sa tanging dalawang bansa sa Timog-silangang Asya na <a href="/wiki/Kristiyanismo" title="Kristiyanismo">Kristiyanismo</a> ang pangunahing pananampalataya. Yaong isa ay ang <a href="/wiki/Silangang_Timor" title="Silangang Timor">Silangang Timor</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pangalan">Pangalan</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Pantoja_de_la_Cruz_Copia_de_Antonio_Moro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Pantoja_de_la_Cruz_Copia_de_Antonio_Moro.jpg/170px-Pantoja_de_la_Cruz_Copia_de_Antonio_Moro.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Pantoja_de_la_Cruz_Copia_de_Antonio_Moro.jpg/255px-Pantoja_de_la_Cruz_Copia_de_Antonio_Moro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Pantoja_de_la_Cruz_Copia_de_Antonio_Moro.jpg/340px-Pantoja_de_la_Cruz_Copia_de_Antonio_Moro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="484" data-file-height="607" /></a><figcaption>Si <a href="/wiki/Felipe_II_ng_Espanya" title="Felipe II ng Espanya">Felipe II ng Espanya</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sa gitna ng kaniyang paglalayag noong 1542, pinangalanan ng Kastilang manggagalugad na si <a href="/wiki/Ruy_L%C3%B3pez_de_Villalobos" title="Ruy López de Villalobos">Ruy López de Villalobos</a> ang mga pulo ng <a href="/wiki/Leyte" title="Leyte">Leyte</a> at <a href="/wiki/Samar" class="mw-disambig" title="Samar">Samar</a> bilang <i>Felipinas</i> ayon sa pangalan ni <a href="/wiki/Felipe_II_ng_Espanya" title="Felipe II ng Espanya">Haring Felipe II ng Espanya</a>, na siyang Prinsipe ng <a href="/wiki/Asturias_(Espanya)" title="Asturias (Espanya)">Asturias</a> noon. Sa huli, ang pangalang <i>Las Islas Filipinas</i> ang sasaklaw sa lahat ng mga pulo sa kapuluan. Bago ito naging pangkaraniwan, iba pang mga pangalan tulad ng <i>Islas del Poniente</i> (Mga Kapuluan ng Kanluran) at ang ipinangalan ni <a href="/wiki/Fernando_de_Magallanes" title="Fernando de Magallanes">Fernando de Magallanes</a> para sa mga pulo na <i>San Lázaro</i> ay ginamit rin ng mga Kastila upang tukuyin ang kapuluan. </p><p>Sa pagdaan ng kasaysayan, ilang beses nang nagbago ang opisyal na pangalan ng Pilipinas. Sa gitna ng <a href="/wiki/Himagsikang_Pilipino" title="Himagsikang Pilipino">Himagsikang Pilipino</a>, inihayag ng <a href="/wiki/Kongreso_ng_Malolos" title="Kongreso ng Malolos">Kongreso ng Malolos</a> ang pagtatag ng <i>República Filipina</i> (Republika ng Pilipinas). Mula sa panahon ng <a href="/wiki/Digmaang_Espanyol%E2%80%93Amerikano" class="mw-redirect" title="Digmaang Espanyol–Amerikano">Digmaang Espanyol–Amerikano</a> (1898) at <a href="/wiki/Digmaang_Pilipino%E2%80%93Amerikano" title="Digmaang Pilipino–Amerikano">Digmaang Pilipino–Amerikano</a> (1899-1902) hanggang sa panahon ng <a href="/wiki/Komonwelt_ng_Pilipinas" title="Komonwelt ng Pilipinas">Komonwelt</a> (1935-1946), tinawag ng mga Amerikano ang bansa bilang <i>Philippine Islands</i>, na salin sa Ingles mula sa Kastila. Mula sa <a href="/wiki/Kasunduan_sa_Paris_(1898)" title="Kasunduan sa Paris (1898)">Kasunduan sa Paris</a>, nagsimulang lumutang ang pangalan na "Pilipinas" at mula noon ito na ang naging kadalasang ngalan ng bansa. Mula sa katapusan ng <a href="/wiki/Ikalawang_Digmaang_Pandaigdig" title="Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig">Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig</a>, ang opisyal na pangalan ng bansa ay "Republika ng Pilipinas".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kasaysayan">Kasaysayan</h2></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/wiki/Kasaysayan_ng_Pilipinas" title="Kasaysayan ng Pilipinas">Kasaysayan ng Pilipinas</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sinaunang_Panahon">Sinaunang Panahon</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Tabon_Cave_2014_04.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Tabon_Cave_2014_04.JPG/220px-Tabon_Cave_2014_04.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Tabon_Cave_2014_04.JPG/330px-Tabon_Cave_2014_04.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Tabon_Cave_2014_04.JPG/440px-Tabon_Cave_2014_04.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="801" /></a><figcaption>Ang <a href="/wiki/Kuwebang_Tabon" title="Kuwebang Tabon">Yungib ng Tabon</a> ay ang pook kung saan natuklasan ang isa sa mga pinakamatandang labi ng tao sa Pilipinas, ang <a href="/wiki/Taong_Tabon" title="Taong Tabon">Taong Tabon</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Remains_of_a_Rhinoceros_philippinensis_found_in_Rizal,_Kalinga_dated_c._709,000_years_ago.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Remains_of_a_Rhinoceros_philippinensis_found_in_Rizal%2C_Kalinga_dated_c._709%2C000_years_ago.jpg/220px-Remains_of_a_Rhinoceros_philippinensis_found_in_Rizal%2C_Kalinga_dated_c._709%2C000_years_ago.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Remains_of_a_Rhinoceros_philippinensis_found_in_Rizal%2C_Kalinga_dated_c._709%2C000_years_ago.jpg/330px-Remains_of_a_Rhinoceros_philippinensis_found_in_Rizal%2C_Kalinga_dated_c._709%2C000_years_ago.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Remains_of_a_Rhinoceros_philippinensis_found_in_Rizal%2C_Kalinga_dated_c._709%2C000_years_ago.jpg/440px-Remains_of_a_Rhinoceros_philippinensis_found_in_Rizal%2C_Kalinga_dated_c._709%2C000_years_ago.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1705" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption>Mga kinatay na labi ng isang <i>Rhinoceros philippinensis</i> na natuklasan sa Rizal, Kalinga na nagpapatunay na may mga naninirahan nang hominini sa bansa 709,000 taon na ang nakararaan.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ang kamakailang pagtuklas sa mga kasangkapang bato at buto ng mga labi ng kinatay na hayop sa <a href="/wiki/Rizal,_Kalinga" title="Rizal, Kalinga">Rizal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalinga" title="Kalinga">Kalinga</a> ay patunay na may mga sinaunang <a href="/wiki/Hominini" title="Hominini">hominini</a> sa bansa 709,000 taon na ang nakararaan.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Samantala, ayon sa mga naitalang labi ng tao sa bansa, maaaring dinayo na ng mga tao ang Pilipinas ilang libong taon na ang nakalipas. Inaakala na ang labi ng <a href="/wiki/Homo_luzonensis" title="Homo luzonensis">Taong Callao</a> na natuklasan sa <a href="/wiki/Yungib_ng_Callao" title="Yungib ng Callao">Yungib ng Callao</a> sa <a href="/wiki/Cagayan_(lalawigan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cagayan (lalawigan)">Cagayan</a> ay ang pinakamatandang labi ng tao sa Pilipinas na may tanda na 67,000 taon. Mas higit pang matanda sa naunang natuklasang labi ng <a href="/wiki/Taong_Tabon" title="Taong Tabon">Taong Tabon</a> sa <a href="/wiki/Palawan" title="Palawan">Palawan</a> na tinatayang 26,500 taon na ang nakalipas.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tumawid sa mga sinaunang tulay na lupa ang mga <a href="/wiki/Mga_Negrito" title="Mga Negrito">Negrito</a> o Ita, na siyang tinatayang kauna-unahang mga nanirahan sa Pilipinas. Sa kalaunan, dumayo sila sa kagubatan ng mga pulo. Sa kasalukuyan, nang sumapit ang ikalawang libong taon, nanirahan din sa Pilipinas ang iba pang mga mandarayuhan mula sa <a href="/wiki/Tangway_ng_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Tangway ng Malay">tangway ng Malay</a>, kapuluan ng <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, mga taga-<a href="/wiki/Indotsina" title="Indotsina">Indotsina</a> at <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>. </p><p>Mayroon nang mga mangilan-ngilang teorya patungkol sa pinagmulan ng mga sinaunang Pilipino. Isa na ang teorya ni F. Landa Jocano na nagsasabing ang mga ninuno ng mga Pilipino ay lokal na umusbong. Ang teoryang "Pinagmulang Kapuluan" naman ni Wilhelm Solheim, ipinahihiwatig na ang pagdating ng mga tao sa kapuluan ay naganap sa pamamagitan ng mga network pangkalakalan na nagmula sa Sundaland sa pagitan ng 48,000 hanggang 5,000 BK at hindi sa pamamagitan ng malawak na pandarayuhan. Samantala, ipinapaliwanag ng teoryang "Paglawak ng mga Austronesyo" na ang mga Malayo-Polinesyong nagmula sa Taiwan ay nagsimulang lumipat sa Pilipinas noong 4,000 BK, taliwas sa mga naunang pagdating. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Angono_Petroglyphs1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Angono_Petroglyphs1.jpg/220px-Angono_Petroglyphs1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Angono_Petroglyphs1.jpg/330px-Angono_Petroglyphs1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Angono_Petroglyphs1.jpg/440px-Angono_Petroglyphs1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1021" data-file-height="606" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mga_Petroglipo_ng_Angono" title="Mga Petroglipo ng Angono">Mga Petroglipo ng Angono</a>, ang pinakamatandang gawang <a href="/wiki/Sining_ng_Pilipinas" title="Sining ng Pilipinas">sining</a> sa Pilipinas.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ang pinakatinatanggap na teorya, batay sa lingguwistika at arkeolohikong katibayan, ay ang teoryang "Mula sa Taiwan", kung saan ipinapalagay na ang mga <a href="/wiki/Mga_Austronesyo" title="Mga Austronesyo">Austronesyo</a> mula Taiwan, na sila mismo ay nagmula sa mga neolitikong kabihasnan ng <a href="/wiki/Ilog_Yangtze" title="Ilog Yangtze">Ilog Yangtze</a> tulad ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kabihasnang_Liangzhu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kabihasnang Liangzhu (hindi pa naisusulat)">kalinangang Liangzhu</a>, ay lumipat sa Pilipinas noong 4,000 BK. Sa gitna ng Panahong Neolitiko, isang "kalinangan ng batong-luntian" ang sinasabing umiral na pinatunayan ng libu-libong magagandang gawang <a href="/wiki/Artipakto" class="mw-redirect" title="Artipakto">artipakto</a> ng batong-luntian na nasumpungan sa Pilipinas na tinatayang noong 2,000 BK pa. </p><p>Ang batong-luntian ay sinasabing nagmula sa kalapit na Taiwan at nasumpungan rin sa iba't ibang pook sa kapuluan at pangunahing kalupaan ng Timog-silangang Asya. Ang mga artipaktong ito ang sinasabing patunay ng malawak na pakikipag-ugnayan ng mga lipunan ng Timog-silangang Asya sa isa’t isa noong sinaunang panahon. Magmula noong 1,000 BK, ang mga naninirahan sa kapuluan ay binubuo ng apat na uri ng pangkat panlipunan: mga lipi ng mangangaso at mangangalakal, lipunan ng mga mandirigma, mga plutokrasi sa kabundukan, at mga <i>port principality</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bago_dumating_ang_mga_mananakop">Bago dumating ang mga mananakop</h3></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/wiki/Kasaysayan_ng_Pilipinas_(900%E2%80%931521)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasaysayan ng Pilipinas (900–1521)">Kasaysayan ng Pilipinas (900–1521)</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1738803/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:left;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption-center{text-align:center;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:456px;max-width:456px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:112px;max-width:112px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Visayans_3.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Visayans_3.png/110px-Visayans_3.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Visayans_3.png/165px-Visayans_3.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Visayans_3.png/220px-Visayans_3.png 2x" data-file-width="495" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:112px;max-width:112px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Visayans_1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Visayans_1.png/110px-Visayans_1.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Visayans_1.png/165px-Visayans_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Visayans_1.png/220px-Visayans_1.png 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="680" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:112px;max-width:112px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Visayans_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Visayans_2.png/110px-Visayans_2.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Visayans_2.png/165px-Visayans_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Visayans_2.png/220px-Visayans_2.png 2x" data-file-width="522" data-file-height="696" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:112px;max-width:112px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Visayans_4.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Visayans_4.png/110px-Visayans_4.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Visayans_4.png/165px-Visayans_4.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Visayans_4.png/220px-Visayans_4.png 2x" data-file-width="522" data-file-height="696" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="thumbcaption" style="background-color:transparent;color:inherit">Mga larawan mula sa <a href="/wiki/Boxer_Codex" class="mw-redirect" title="Boxer Codex">Boxer Codex</a> na ipinapakita ang sinaunang "kadatuan" o <a href="/wiki/Maginoo" title="Maginoo">tumao</a> (mataas na uri). <b>Mula kaliwa pakanan</b>: (1) Mag-asawang Bisaya ng Panay, (2) ang mga "Pintados", isa pang pangalan sa mga Bisaya ng Cebu at sa mga pinalilibutang pulo nito ayon sa mga unang manlulupig, (3) maaaring isang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tumao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tumao (hindi pa naisusulat)">tumao</a> (mataas na uri) o <a href="/wiki/Timawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Timawa">timawa</a> (mandirigma) na mag-asawang Pintado, at (4) isang mag-asawang maharlika ng mga Bisaya ng Panay.</div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:LCI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/LCI.jpg/220px-LCI.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/LCI.jpg/330px-LCI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/LCI.jpg/440px-LCI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Ang <a href="/wiki/Inskripsiyon_sa_Binatbat_na_Tanso_ng_Laguna" title="Inskripsiyon sa Binatbat na Tanso ng Laguna">Inskripsiyon sa Binatbat na Tanso ng Laguna</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 900. Ang pinakamatanda at makasaysayang kasulatan sa Pilipinas na natuklasan sa <a href="/wiki/Lumban" title="Lumban">Lumban, Laguna</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Nanirahan sa bansa noong ikawalong dantaon ang mga mangangalakal na <a href="/wiki/Intsik" title="Intsik">Tsino</a>. Ang paglaganap ng mga bansang (kaharian) Budismo sa bahagi ng Asya ang nagpasimuno ng kalakalan sa pagitan ng mga bansa sa <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" class="mw-redirect" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hapon" title="Hapon">Hapon</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Timog-Silangang_Asya" class="mw-redirect" title="Timog-Silangang Asya">Timog-Silangang Asya</a>. Subalit, humina ang mga kaharian sa Timog-Silangang Asya dahil sa mahigpit na alitan at hindi pagkakasundo. Samantala, ang paglaganap ng <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> sa pamamaraan ng panangalakal at proselitismo, tulad ng <a href="/wiki/Kristiyanismo" title="Kristiyanismo">Kristiyanismo</a>, ang nagdala sa mga mangangalakal at tagakalat ng pananampalataya sa kabahagian; ang mga <a href="/wiki/Arabe" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabe">Arabe</a> ay dumating sa Mindanao noong ika-14 na dantaon. Sa pagdating ng mga unang Europeo, sa pangunguna ni Fernando Magallanes noong 1521, mayroon nang mga <a href="/wiki/Raha" class="mw-redirect" title="Raha">raha</a> hanggang sa hilaga ng <a href="/wiki/Maynila" title="Maynila">Maynila</a>, na naging mga karugtungang-sangay ng mga kaharian ng Timog-Silangang Asya. Subalit, pawang mga nagsasarili ang mga pulo ng Pilipinas noon. </p><p>Ang kasalukuyang paghihiwalay sa pagitan ng sinauna at <a href="/wiki/Maagang_kasaysayan_ng_Pilipinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Maagang kasaysayan ng Pilipinas">maagang kasaysayan ng Pilipinas</a> ay ang araw na 21 Abril, taong 900, na siyang katumbas sa <a href="/wiki/Kalendaryong_Gregoryano" title="Kalendaryong Gregoryano">Kalendaryong Gregoryano</a> ng araw na nakalagay sa <a href="/wiki/Inskripsiyon_sa_Binatbat_na_Tanso_ng_Laguna" title="Inskripsiyon sa Binatbat na Tanso ng Laguna">Inskripsiyon sa Binatbat na Tanso ng Laguna</a>, na siyang pinakamatandang kasulatan na nagmula sa Pilipinas. Ang araw na ito ay sumapit sa gitna ng kung anong tinatawag ng mga antropolohista bilang ang "yugto ng pag-usbong" ng Pilipinas (una hanggang ika-14 na dantaon), na inilalarawan bilang ang bagong pag-usbong ng sosyo-kalinangang huwaran, simula ng pag-unlad ng mga malalaking pamayanan sa baybayin, mas higit na pagsasapin-sapin at pagdadalubhasa sa lipunan, at mga pagsisimula ng lokal at pandaigdigang kalakalan. Magmula ika-14 na dantaon, ilan sa mga malalaking pamayanan ay naging maunlad na sentrong pangkalakalan, at naging kalagitnaang punto ng mga pagbabago sa lipunan at paraan ng pamumuhay, kung saan inilarawan ng kung anong tinatawag ni F. Landa Jocano na "yugto ng mga <a href="/wiki/Barangay" title="Barangay">Barangay</a>" ng maagang kasaysayan ng Pilipinas, na nagsimula sa ika-14 na dantaon hanggang sa pagdating ng mga Kastila at ang pagsisimula ng panahong kolonyal ng Pilipinas. </p><p>Batay rin sa kasulatan, ang <a href="/wiki/Bayan_ng_Tondo" title="Bayan ng Tondo">sinaunang Tondo</a> ay umiral noong bago mag-900 at nakasaad rin na ang Tondo noon ay may ugnayan sa Kaharian ng Medang sa kapuluan ng Java sa Indonesia. Bagaman ang katayuan ng ugnayan ng dalawa ay hindi malinaw sa kasulatan, patunay ito na noong ika-10 dantaon pa lamang ay may koneksyon na ang mga kabihasnan sa Luzon at Java. Sa pagdating ng mga Europeo noong ika-16 na dantaon, ang Tondo ay pinamumunuan ng tinatawag na "<a href="/wiki/Lakan" title="Lakan">Lakan</a>". Umusbong ito bilang pangunahing sentro ng kalakalan na may bahagi ng monopolyo sa <a href="/wiki/Kaharian_ng_Maynila" title="Kaharian ng Maynila">Karahanan ng Maynila</a> sa mga produktong kalakal ng <a href="/wiki/Dinastiyang_Ming" title="Dinastiyang Ming">Dinastiyang Ming</a> sa buong kapuluan. </p><p>Ang susunod na makasaysayang tala ay tumutukoy sa isang pook sa Pilipinas ng Vol. 186 ng opisyal na kasaysayan ng <a href="/wiki/Dinastiyang_Song" title="Dinastiyang Song">Dinastiyang Song</a> kung saan isinasalarawan ang "bansa" ng <a href="/wiki/Ma-i" title="Ma-i">Ma-i</a>. Taun-taon binibisita ng mga Tsinong mangangalakal ang Ma-i at nagsasalarawan ang kanilang mga tala tungkol sa heograpiya, mga produktong kalakal, at ang pag-uugali ng mga namuno sa Ma-i. Isinaad ng mga Tsinong mangangalakal na ang mga mamamayan ng Ma-i ay tapat at mapagkakatiwalaan. Dahil sa hindi malinaw na mga pagsasalarawan ng mga tala tungkol sa kinaroroonan ng Ma-i, pinagdedebatihan pa rin kung saan ito umiral, may mga iskolar na inaakalang nasa <a href="/wiki/Bay,_Laguna" title="Bay, Laguna">Bay, Laguna</a> ito, habang ang iba naman ay nag-aakalang nasa pulo ng <a href="/wiki/Mindoro" title="Mindoro">Mindoro</a> ito. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Ivory_seal_of_Butuan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Ivory_seal_of_Butuan.jpg/220px-Ivory_seal_of_Butuan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Ivory_seal_of_Butuan.jpg/330px-Ivory_seal_of_Butuan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Ivory_seal_of_Butuan.jpg/440px-Ivory_seal_of_Butuan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1481" data-file-height="895" /></a><figcaption>Ang selyong garing ng Butuan na natuklasan noong dekada '70 sa lungsod ng Butuan na nagpapatunay na mahalagang sentro ng kalakalan ang kaharian noong panahong klasikal.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sumunod na itinukoy ng opisyal na kasaysayan ng Dinastiyang Song ang <a href="/wiki/Karahanan_ng_Butuan" title="Karahanan ng Butuan">Karahanan ng Butuan</a>, isang maunlad na kabihasnan sa hilaga't-silangang Mindanao, kung saan ito ang unang naitalang bansa mula sa kapuluan ng Pilipinas na nagpadala ng sugo sa Tsina noong 17 Marso 1001. Nakamit ng Butuan ang katanyagan nito sa ilalim ng pamumuno ni Raha Sri Bata Shaja, na isang <a href="/wiki/Budismo" title="Budismo">Budistang</a> namumuno sa isang bansang <a href="/wiki/Hinduismo" title="Hinduismo">Hindu</a>. Naging makapangyarihan ang estadong ito dahil sa lokal na industriya ng panday-ginto at nagkaroon ito ng ugnayan at tunggaliang diplomatiko sa kaharian ng Champa. </p><p>Ayon sa alamat, itinatag naman ang <a href="/wiki/Kumpederasyon_ng_Madyaas" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumpederasyon ng Madyaas">Kadatuan ng Madyaas</a> kasunod ng isang digmaang sibil sa pabagsak na Srivijaya, kung saan ang mga tapat na datung Malay sa Srivijaya ay nilabanan ang pananakop ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinastiyang_Chola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinastiyang Chola (hindi pa naisusulat)">Dinastiyang Chola</a> at ang papet na Raha nitong si Makatunao, at nagtatag ng isang estadong gerilya sa Kabisayaan. Ang datu na nagtatag sa Madyaas na si Puti, ay bumili ng lupa para sa kaniyang kaharian mula sa isang katutubong <a href="/wiki/Mga_Ati_(Panay)" title="Mga Ati (Panay)">Ati</a> na si Marikudo. Itinatag ang Madyaas sa <a href="/wiki/Panay" title="Panay">Panay</a> (ipinangalan mula sa estado ng Pannai na kaalyado ng Srivijaya na nasa <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>). Pagkatapos, madalas na nilulusob ng mga taga-Madyaas ang mga daungang panlungsod sa katimugang Tsina at nakipaggulo sa hukbong pandagat ng Tsina. </p><p>Kalapit ng Madyaas sa Kabisayaan ang Kaharian ng Cebu na pinamunuan ni Rahamuda Sri Lumay, isang maharlika na may liping Tamil mula sa India. Ipinadala si Sri Lumay ng Chola Maharajah upang sakupin ang Madyaas, subalit sumuway siya at bumuo na lamang ng sarili niyang malayang karahanan. Pawang magkaalyado ang Karahanan ng Butuan at Cebu at napanatili nila ang ugnayan at nagkaroon ng rutang pangkalakalan sa Kutai, isang bansang Hindu sa katimugang <a href="/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a> na itinatag ng mga Indiyanong mangangalakal. </p><p>Ang pinakamatandang petsa na nagbanggit tungkol sa Kaharian ng Maynila sa Luzon sa kabila ng <a href="/wiki/Ilog_Pasig" title="Ilog Pasig">Ilog Pasig</a> mula Tondo ay may kinalaman sa tagumpay ni Raha Ahmad ng Brunei laban kay Raha Avirjirkaya ng <a href="/wiki/Majapahit" title="Majapahit">Majapahit</a>, na namuno sa parehong lokasyon bago ang paninirahan ng mga Muslim. Nabanggit rin sa mga tala ng Tsino ang isang bansa na tinatawag na "Luzon". Pinaniniwalaang may kinalaman ito sa sinaunang Maynila dahil inihayag sa mga tala ng Portuges at Kastila noong mga 1520 na ang <i>Luçon</i> at "Maynila" ay iisa lamang. Bagaman sinasabi ng ilang mga dalubhasa sa kasaysayan na dahil wala sa mga nakasaksi na ito ang talagang nakabisita sa Maynila, maaaring tinutukoy lamang ng <i>Luçon</i> ang lahat ng mga bayan ng mga <a href="/wiki/Lahing_Tagalog" class="mw-redirect" title="Lahing Tagalog">Tagalog</a> at <a href="/wiki/Mga_Kapampangan" title="Mga Kapampangan">Kapampangan</a> na umusbong sa mga baybayin ng <a href="/wiki/Look_ng_Maynila" title="Look ng Maynila">look ng Maynila</a>. Gayun man, mula 1500 hanggang mga 1560, itong mga naglalayag na mga taga-Luzon ay tinatawag sa Portuges Malaka na <i>Luções</i> o "Lusong/Lusung", at nakilahok rin sila sa mga kilusang pang-militar sa Burma (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinastiyang_Toungoo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinastiyang Toungoo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Dinastiyang Toungoo</a>), Kasultanan ng Malaka, at Silangang Timor bilang mga mangangalakal at mersenaryo. Ang isang prominenteng <i>Luções</i> ay si <a href="/wiki/Regimo_de_Raja" title="Regimo de Raja">Regimo de Raja</a>, na isang magnate sa mga pampalasa at isang <i>Temenggung</i> (sulat Jawi: تمڠݢوڠ) o gobernador at pulis-punong heneral sa Portuges Malaka. Siya rin ang pinuno ng isang hukbong dagat kung saan nangalakal at pinrotektahan ang komersyo sa pagitan ng <a href="/wiki/Kipot_ng_Malaka" title="Kipot ng Malaka">kipot ng Malaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dagat_Luzon" class="mw-redirect" title="Dagat Luzon">dagat Luzon</a>, at mga sinaunang kaharian at bayan sa Pilipinas. </p><p>Sa hilagang Luzon, ang Kaboloan (na ngayo'y nasa <a href="/wiki/Pangasinan" title="Pangasinan">Pangasinan</a>) ay nagpadala ng mga emisaryo sa Tsina noong 1406-1411, at nakipagkalakal rin ito sa <a href="/wiki/Hapon" title="Hapon">Hapon</a>. </p><p>Sa ika-14 na dantaon dumating at nagsimulang lumaganap ang pananampalatayang <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> sa Pilipinas. Noong 1380, sina Karim ul' Makdum at Shari'ful Hashem Syed Abu Bakr, isang Arabong mangangalakal na isinilang sa <a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a>, dumating sa <a href="/wiki/Sulu" title="Sulu">Sulu</a> mula Melaka at itinatag ang <a href="/wiki/Sultanato_ng_Sulu" title="Sultanato ng Sulu">Kasultanan ng Sulu</a> sa pagkumberto sa Raha ng Sulu na si Raha Baguinda Ali at pinakasalan ang kaniyang anak. Sa katapusan ng ika-15 dantaon, pinalaganap ni <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Kabungsuwan" title="Mohammed Kabungsuwan">Shariff Kabungsuwan</a> ng Johor ang Islam sa Mindanao at itinatag naman ang <a href="/wiki/Sultanato_ng_Maguindanao" title="Sultanato ng Maguindanao">Kasultanan ng Maguindanao</a>. Ang kasultanang uri ng pamahalaan ay lumawak pa patungong Lanao.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1738803/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"> </p><p>Patuloy na lumaganap ang Islam sa Mindanao at umabot sa Luzon. Naging Islamisado ang Maynila sa gitna ng paghahari ni Sultan Bolkiah mula 1485 hanggang 1521. Naisakatuparan ito dahil nilabanan ng Kasultanan ng Brunei ang Tondo sa paggapi kay Raha Gambang sa labanan at matapos ay iniluklok ang Muslim na Raha Salalila sa trono at sa pagtatag ng estadong-papet ng Brunei na ang <a href="/wiki/Kaharian_ng_Maynila" title="Kaharian ng Maynila">Kaharian ng Maynila</a>. Pinakasalan din ni Sultan Bolkiah si Laila Mecana, ang anak ng Sultan ng Sulu na si Amir Ul-Umbra upang palawakin ang sakop ng Brunei sa Luzon at Mindanao. Nagpatuloy ang mga Muslim sa pakikipagdigma at nagsagawa ng mga slave-raid laban sa mga <a href="/wiki/Mga_Bisaya" title="Mga Bisaya">Bisaya</a>. Bunga ng pakikilahok sa mga pagsalakay ng mga Muslim, nilipol ng Kasultanan ng Ternate ang <a href="/wiki/Kadatuan_ng_Dapitan" title="Kadatuan ng Dapitan">Kadatuan ng Dapitan</a> sa <a href="/wiki/Bohol" title="Bohol">Bohol</a>. Nadali rin ang mga karahanan ng Butuan at Cebu ng mga isinagawang slave-raid at nakipagdigma laban sa Kasultanan ng Maguindanao. Kasabay ng mga slave-raid na ito, ay ang panghihimagsik ni Datu <a href="/wiki/Lapu-Lapu" class="mw-redirect" title="Lapu-Lapu">Lapu-Lapu</a> ng <a href="/wiki/Mactan" title="Mactan">Mactan</a> laban kay <a href="/wiki/Raha_Humabon" title="Raha Humabon">Raha Humabon</a> ng Cebu. Mayroon ding alitan sa teritoryo sa pagitan ng Tondo at ang Islamikong Kaharian ng Maynila, kung saan ang pinuno ng Maynila, na si <a href="/wiki/Raha_Matanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Raha Matanda">Raha Matanda</a>, ay humiling ng tulong pang-militar laban sa Tondo mula sa kaniyang mga kamag-anak sa Kasultanan ng Brunei. </p><p>Ang mga tunggalian sa pagitan ng mga Datu, Raha, Sultan, at Lakan ang nagpadali sa pananakop ng mga Kastila. Ang mga kapuluan ay kakaunti lamang ang bilang ng mga naninirahang tao dahil sa patuloy na mga nagdaraang unos at pagkakaalitan ng mga kaharian. Samakatuwid, naging madali ang kolonisasyon at ang mga maliliit na estado sa kapuluan ay dagliang nasakop ng <a href="/wiki/Imperyong_Kastila" title="Imperyong Kastila">Imperyong Kastila</a> at nagsimula ang pagpapalaganap ng Kristiyanismo sa Pilipinas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Panahon_ng_mga_Kastila">Panahon ng mga Kastila</h3></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/wiki/Kasaysayan_ng_Pilipinas_(1521%E2%80%931898)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasaysayan ng Pilipinas (1521–1898)">Kasaysayan ng Pilipinas (1521–1898)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Spanish_Galleon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Spanish_Galleon.jpg/220px-Spanish_Galleon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Spanish_Galleon.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="412" /></a><figcaption>Guhit ng isang <a href="/wiki/Galeon_ng_Maynila" title="Galeon ng Maynila">galyon ng Maynila</a> na ginamit sa gitna ng <a href="/wiki/Kalakalang_Galeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalakalang Galeon">Kalakalang Maynila-Acapulco</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sinakop at inangkin ng mga Kastila, sa pamumuno ni <a href="/wiki/Miguel_L%C3%B3pez_de_Legazpi" title="Miguel López de Legazpi">Miguel López de Legazpi</a>, ang mga pulo noong ika-16 na dantaon at pinangalanan itong "Las Islas Filipinas" ayon sa ngalan ni Haring <a href="/wiki/Felipe_II_ng_Espanya" title="Felipe II ng Espanya">Felipe II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kaagad na ipinakilala at ipinalaganap ang <a href="/wiki/Simbahang_Katoliko" class="mw-redirect" title="Simbahang Katoliko">Katolisismo</a> sa pamamagitan ng mga tagakalat ng pananampalataya, at pati na rin ang mga Batas ng Indias (<i>Laws of the Indies</i>) at iba pang alituntuning pampatupad. Matigas na pagsuway ang itinugon ng mga pangkat katutubo sa kabundukan pati na rin ng mga mapanlabang Muslim na nagpapatuloy hanggang sa ngayon. Kabi-kabilang mga himagsikan at karahasan ang lumaganap sa mga baybayin sa kabuuan ng tatlong dantaong pananakop, bunga na rin ng pagsasamantala at kakulangan ng pagbabago. Pinamahalaan mula sa <a href="/wiki/Nueva_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Nueva España">Bireynato ng Nueva España</a> (Bagong Espanya sa ngayon ay <a href="/wiki/Mehiko" title="Mehiko">Mehiko</a>) ang bagong nasasakupan at nagsimula ang kalakalan sa <a href="/wiki/Galyon_ng_Maynila" class="mw-redirect" title="Galyon ng Maynila">Galyon ng Maynila</a> sa pagitan ng Acapulco at Maynila noong ika-18 dantaon. </p><p>Itinatag ng punong panlalawigan <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Basco_y_Vargas" title="José Basco y Vargas">José Basco y Vargas</a> noong 1781 ang Sociedad Económica de los Amigos del País (Samahang Pangkalakalan ng mga Kaibigan ng Bayan) at ginawang hiwalay ang bansa mula sa Bagong Espanya. </p><p>Nagbukas ang pakikipagkalakalan ng bansa sa daigdig noong ika-19 na dantaon. Ang pag-angat ng mga masigasig at makabayang burges, binubuo ng mga nakapag-aral na mga katutubong Pilipino, mga Kastila at creole na ipinanganak sa Pilipinas, mga mestisong Espanyol at Tsino, silang mga ilustrado ang nagpahiwatig ng pagtatapos ng pananakop ng Kastila sa kapuluan. Naliwanagan sa <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Rizal#Impact" title="José Rizal">Kilusang Propaganda</a> na nagsiwalat sa kawalang-katarungan ng pamahalaang kolonyal, sama-sama silang sumigaw para sa kalayaan. Dinakip, nilitis, binigyang-sala, hinatulan ng kamatayan at binaril si <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Rizal" title="José Rizal">José Rizal</a>, ang pinakasikat na propagandista, noong 1896 sa Bagumbayan (Luneta ngayon) dahil sa mga gawaing umano ng pagpapabagsak ng pamahalaan. Naglaon at pumutok ang <a href="/wiki/Himagsikang_Pilipino" title="Himagsikang Pilipino">Himagsikang Pilipino</a> na pinangunahan ng <a href="/wiki/Katipunan" title="Katipunan">Katipunan</a>, isang lihim panghimagsikang lipunan na itinatag ni <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Bonifacio" title="Andrés Bonifacio">Andrés Bonifacio</a> at napamunuan din ni <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo" title="Emilio Aguinaldo">Emilio Aguinaldo</a>. Halos tagumpay na napatalsik ng himagsikan ang mga Kastila noong 1898. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Panahon_ng_mga_Amerikano_at_ang_Pananakop_ng_mga_Hapon">Panahon ng mga Amerikano at ang Pananakop ng mga Hapon</h3></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Mga pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/wiki/Kasaysayan_ng_Pilipinas_(1898%E2%80%931946)" title="Kasaysayan ng Pilipinas (1898–1946)">Kasaysayan ng Pilipinas (1898–1946)</a> at <a href="/wiki/Pananakop_ng_mga_Hapones_sa_Pilipinas" title="Pananakop ng mga Hapones sa Pilipinas">Pananakop ng mga Hapones sa Pilipinas</a></div> <p>Noong taon ding iyon, magkadawit ang Espanya at <a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a> sa <a href="/wiki/Digmaang_Kastila-Amerikano" class="mw-redirect" title="Digmaang Kastila-Amerikano">Digmaang Kastila-Amerikano</a>. Natalo ang Espanya at ipinasiya nilang ipasa ang kanilang mga nasasakupan na ang Pilipinas, Guam, Kuba, at Puerto Rico sa Estados Unidos. Binayaran naman ng Estados Unidos ang Espanya ng 20 milyong dolyar para sa mga ito, gayong nakapag-pahayag na ng kalayaan ang Pilipinas at itinatag ang <a href="/wiki/Unang_Republika_ng_Pilipinas" title="Unang Republika ng Pilipinas">Unang Republika ng Pilipinas</a> at si Emilio Aguinaldo ang hinirang na pangulo, ngunit hindi ito kinilala noong dalawang bansa. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:JapaneseTroopsBataan1942.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/JapaneseTroopsBataan1942.jpg/180px-JapaneseTroopsBataan1942.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/JapaneseTroopsBataan1942.jpg/270px-JapaneseTroopsBataan1942.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/JapaneseTroopsBataan1942.jpg/360px-JapaneseTroopsBataan1942.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="2409" /></a><figcaption>Ang mga sundalong Hapon sa <a href="/wiki/Bataan" title="Bataan">Bataan</a> noong 1942, sa gitna ng kanilang pagpapalawak ng teritoryo ng <a href="/wiki/Imperyo_ng_Hapon" title="Imperyo ng Hapon">Imperyo ng Hapon</a> sa Asya sa Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Knocking_Out_the_Moros._DA_Poster_21-48.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Knocking_Out_the_Moros._DA_Poster_21-48.jpg/220px-Knocking_Out_the_Moros._DA_Poster_21-48.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Knocking_Out_the_Moros._DA_Poster_21-48.jpg/330px-Knocking_Out_the_Moros._DA_Poster_21-48.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Knocking_Out_the_Moros._DA_Poster_21-48.jpg/440px-Knocking_Out_the_Moros._DA_Poster_21-48.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2384" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Labanan sa pagitan ng mga <a href="/wiki/Moro" title="Moro">mandirigmang Moro</a> at mga sundalong Amerikano noong 1913 sa panahon ng <a href="/wiki/Himagsikang_Moro" title="Himagsikang Moro">Himagsikang Moro</a>, bahagi ng <a href="/wiki/Digmaang_Pilipino%E2%80%93Amerikano" title="Digmaang Pilipino–Amerikano">Digmaang Pilipino–Amerikano</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Ang pagtanggi ng mga Pilipino sa panibagong pananakop, ngayon ng mga Amerikano, ang nagtulak sa <a href="/wiki/Digmaang_Pilipino-Amerikano" class="mw-redirect" title="Digmaang Pilipino-Amerikano">Digmaang Pilipino-Amerikano</a> na natapos umano noong 1901 ngunit nagpatuloy hanggang 1913. Ang planong pagkalooban ng kalayaan ang bansa ay naudlot nang magsimula ang <a href="/wiki/Ikalawang_Digmaang_Pandaigdig" title="Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig">Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig</a>. Sinakop ng Imperyong Hapon ang bansa at itinatag ang <a href="/wiki/Ikalawang_Republika_ng_Pilipinas" title="Ikalawang Republika ng Pilipinas">Ikalawang Republika ng Pilipinas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Maraming mga krimen ng digmaan ang ginawa ng mga Hapones sa panahon ng kanilang pananakop. Ang mga gerilya ay nagpatuloy sa kanilang pang-haharas sa mga Hapones. Bumalik sa bansa ang mga Amerikano noong Oktubre 1944. Tuluyang natalo ang mga Hapones noong 1945. Halos isang milyong Pilipino ang namatay sa digmaan. Naging isa sa mga unang naging kasapi ng <a href="/wiki/Mga_Nagkakaisang_Bansa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mga Nagkakaisang Bansa">Mga Nagkakaisang Bansa</a> ang Pilipinas. Noong 4 Hulyo 1946 ay ipinagkaloob ng Amerika ang kalayaan ng Pilipinas. </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Panahon_ng_Ikatlong_Republika_at_Rehimeng_Marcos">Panahon ng Ikatlong Republika at Rehimeng Marcos</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Philippine_Independence,_July_4_1946.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Philippine_Independence%2C_July_4_1946.jpg/220px-Philippine_Independence%2C_July_4_1946.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Philippine_Independence%2C_July_4_1946.jpg/330px-Philippine_Independence%2C_July_4_1946.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Philippine_Independence%2C_July_4_1946.jpg/440px-Philippine_Independence%2C_July_4_1946.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1276" data-file-height="1768" /></a><figcaption>Ang pagpapahayag ng kasarinlan ng Pilipinas mula sa Estados Unidos noong 4 Hulyo 1946. Ipinapakita nito ang pagbaba sa watawat ng Estados Unidos habang itinataas naman ang watawat ng Pilipinas.</figcaption></figure> <p>Noong 11 Oktubre 1945, naging isa ang Pilipinas sa mga unang kasapi ng Mga Nagkakaisang Bansa at sa sumunod na taon, sa 4 Hulyo 1946, kinilala ng Estados Unidos ang <a href="/wiki/Kasarinlan_ng_Pilipinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasarinlan ng Pilipinas">kasarinlan ng Pilipinas</a>, sa gitna ng pagkapangulo ni <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas">Manuel Roxas</a>. Ang mga natitirang kasapi ng komunistang <a href="/wiki/Hukbalahap" title="Hukbalahap">Hukbalahap</a> ay nagpatuloy ang presensya sa bansa ngunit nasupil ito ng sumunod kay Pangulong <a href="/wiki/Elpidio_Quirino" title="Elpidio Quirino">Elpidio Quirino</a> na si <a href="/wiki/Ramon_Magsaysay" title="Ramon Magsaysay">Ramon Magsaysay</a>. Ang sumunod kay Magsaysay na si <a href="/wiki/Carlos_P._Garcia" title="Carlos P. Garcia">Carlos P. García</a>, ay nilikha naman ang patakarang "Pilipino Muna" na itinuloy ni <a href="/wiki/Diosdado_Macapagal" title="Diosdado Macapagal">Diosdado Macapagal</a>. Sa panunungkulan ni Macapagal, inilipat ang araw ng kalayaan mula sa Hulyo 4 at ginawang Hunyo 12, na siyang araw na <a href="/wiki/Pagpapahayag_ng_Kalayaan_ng_Pilipinas" title="Pagpapahayag ng Kalayaan ng Pilipinas">inihayag</a> ni Emilio Aguinaldo ang kasarinlan ng Pilipinas mula sa Espanya. Habang pinaigting naman ang pagbawi sa <a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a>. </p><p>Noong 1965, natalo si Macapagal sa pampanguluhang halalan kay <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Timberman-1991_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Timberman-1991-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sa kaniyang pagkapangulo, pinasimulan ni Marcos ang proyektong pang-imprastraktura ngunit napagbintangan naman ng malawakang katiwalian at lumustay ng bilyun-bilyong dolyar sa pampublikong pondo. Noong malapit na matapos ang termino ni Marcos ay nagpahayag siya ng <a href="/wiki/Batas_militar" title="Batas militar">batas militar</a> noong 21 Setyembre 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang panahong ito ay inilalarawan bilang panahon ng pampulitikang panunupil, pangtatakip, at paglabag sa karapatang pantao.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Itinatag sa mga pangunahing industriya ang monopolyo na kontrolado ng mga kroni ni Marcos,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kabilang ang pagtotroso at pagsasahimpapawid; ang monopolyo sa asukal ang siyang humantong sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taggutom_sa_Negros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taggutom sa Negros (hindi pa naisusulat)">taggutom sa pulo ng Negros</a> sa kalagitnaan ng dekada 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-KaiFrancisco20160922_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KaiFrancisco20160922-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Manapat1991_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manapat1991-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Marcos_Declares_Martial_Law.jpg"><img resource="/wiki/Talaksan:Marcos_Declares_Martial_Law.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Marcos_Declares_Martial_Law.jpg/220px-Marcos_Declares_Martial_Law.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Marcos_Declares_Martial_Law.jpg/330px-Marcos_Declares_Martial_Law.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Marcos_Declares_Martial_Law.jpg/440px-Marcos_Declares_Martial_Law.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="1630" /></a><figcaption>Deklarasyon ng Batas Militar, sa uluhan ng Sunday Express.</figcaption></figure> <p>Kasama ang kanyang asawang si <a href="/wiki/Imelda_Marcos" title="Imelda Marcos">Imelda</a>, inakusahan si Marcos ng katiwalian at paglustay ng bilyun-bilyong dolyar ng pondong pampubliko.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang mabigat na pangungutang ni Marcos sa unang bahagi ng kanyang pagkapangulo ay nagresulta sa pagbagsak ng ekonomiya, na pinalala ng <i>recession</i> noong unang bahagi ng dekada 1980s kung saan ang ekonomiya ay kumurot ng 7.3 porsiyento taun-taon noong 1984 at 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Noong 21 Agosto 1983, ang kalaban ni Marcos at pinuno ng oposisyon na si <a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Benigno Aquino, Jr.">Benigno Aquino, Jr.</a>, ay pinaslang sa <a href="/wiki/Paliparang_Pandaigdig_ng_Ninoy_Aquino" title="Paliparang Pandaigdig ng Ninoy Aquino">Paliparang Pandaigdig ng Maynila</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sa huli, nagpatawag si Marcos ng <a href="/wiki/Dagliang_halalan" class="mw-redirect" title="Dagliang halalan">dagliang halalan</a> sa 1986. Si Marcos ang inihayag na nanalo, ngunit ang mga resulta ay itinuring na may daya, na humantong sa <a href="/wiki/Rebolusyong_EDSA_ng_1986" title="Rebolusyong EDSA ng 1986">Himagsikan ng Lakas ng Bayan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LATimes-3DayRevolution_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LATimes-3DayRevolution-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Si Marcos at ang kaniyang mga kaalyado ay lumipad patungong <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, at ang maybahay ni Benigno Aquino na si <a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a> ay kinilala naman bilang pangulo.<sup id="cite_ref-LATimes-3DayRevolution_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LATimes-3DayRevolution-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Panahon_ng_Ikalimang_Republika_(1986_–_kasalukuyan)"><span id="Panahon_ng_Ikalimang_Republika_.281986_.E2.80.93_kasalukuyan.29"></span>Panahon ng Ikalimang Republika (1986 – kasalukuyan)</h3></div> <p>Sa pagbabalik ng demokrasya at reporma sa pamahalaan noong Pebrero 1986, hinarap ng administrasyong Corazon Aquino ang problema sa malaking utang, korapsyon, at mga kudeta.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Isang paghihimagsik ng mga komunista at labanang militar sa mga separatistang Moro ang nagpatuloy;<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> humarap din sa sunud-sunod na mga sakuna ang administrasyon, kabilang ang <a href="/wiki/Lindol_sa_Luzon_(1990)" title="Lindol sa Luzon (1990)">lindol sa Luzon</a> noong Hulyo 1990, at ang pagsabog ng <a href="/wiki/Bundok_Pinatubo" title="Bundok Pinatubo">Bundok Pinatubo</a> noong Hunyo 1991. </p><p>Hinalinhan ni <a href="/wiki/Fidel_V._Ramos" title="Fidel V. Ramos">Fidel V. Ramos</a> si Aquino noong Hunyo 1992, na nagliberalisado sa pambansang ekonomiya sa pamamagitan ng pribatisasyon at deregulasyon.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang mga natamo ni Ramos sa ekonomiya ay natabunan ng pagsisimula ng <a href="/wiki/Krisis_sa_pananalapi_ng_Asya_noong_1997" title="Krisis sa pananalapi ng Asya noong 1997">krisis sa pananalapi ng Asya noong 1997</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inuna ng kanyang kahaliling si <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada">Joseph Estrada</a> ang pampublikong pabahay,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ngunit naharap ito sa mga paratang sa katiwalian na humantong sa kanyang pagpapatalsik sa pamamagitan ng <a href="/wiki/Ikalawang_Rebolusyon_sa_EDSA" title="Ikalawang Rebolusyon sa EDSA">Ikalawang Himagsikan ng Lakas ng Bayan</a> at ang paghalili ni Pangalawang Pangulong <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a> noong 20 Enero 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Minarkahan ng paglago ng ekonomiya ang siyam na taong administrasyon ni Arroyo, ngunit nabahiran ito ng katiwalian at mga iskandalo sa pulitika,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kabilang ang mga alegasyon ng pandaraya sa <a href="/wiki/Halalang_pampanguluhan_sa_Pilipinas,_2004" title="Halalang pampanguluhan sa Pilipinas, 2004">halalang pampanguluhan sa Pilipinas</a> noong 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nagpatuloy ang paglago ng ekonomiya sa panahon ng administrasyon ni <a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Benigno Aquino III">Benigno Aquino III</a>, na nagtataguyod ng mabuting pamamahala at kalinawan.<sup id="cite_ref-Lum-Dolven-2014_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lum-Dolven-2014-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nilagdaan ni Aquino III ang isang kasunduang pangkapayapaan sa <a href="/wiki/Moro_Islamic_Liberation_Front" title="Moro Islamic Liberation Front">Moro Islamic Liberation Front</a> (MILF) na nagresulta sa pagbuo ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangsamoro_Organic_Law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bangsamoro Organic Law (hindi pa naisusulat)">Bangsamoro Organic Law</a> na siyang bumuo sa rehiyong nagsasarili ng <a href="/wiki/Bangsamoro" title="Bangsamoro">Bangsamoro</a>, ngunit naantala ang pagpasa ng batas dahil sa pakikipagbarilan ng mga rebeldeng MILF sa Mamasapano.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Naglunsad ng isang programa sa <a href="/wiki/Build_Build_Build" title="Build Build Build">imprastraktura</a> at isang <a href="/wiki/Kampanya_laban_sa_iligal_na_droga_sa_Pilipinas" title="Kampanya laban sa iligal na droga sa Pilipinas">kampanya laban sa droga</a> si <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Rodrigo Duterte</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> na siyang nahalal na pangulo noong 2016,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> na bagaman nagpababa sa paglaganap ng droga, ay nagdulot ng libu-libong mga <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killing (hindi pa naisusulat)">extrajudicial killing</a></i> sa bansa.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ipinagtibay ang Bangsamoro Organic Law noong 2018. Sa unang bahagi ng 2020, nakarating sa Pilipinas ang <a href="/wiki/Pandemya_ng_COVID-19" title="Pandemya ng COVID-19">pandemya ng COVID-19</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lumiit sa 9.5% ang <a href="/wiki/Kabuuang_domestikong_produkto" title="Kabuuang domestikong produkto">kabuuang domestikong produkto</a> ng bansa, ang pinakamasamang taunang pagganap sa ekonomiya ng bansa mula noong taong 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nahalal bilang Pangulo ng Pilipinas ang anak ni Ferdinand Marcos Sr. na si <a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Bongbong Marcos</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Heograpiya">Heograpiya</h2></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/wiki/Heograpiya_ng_Pilipinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Heograpiya ng Pilipinas">Heograpiya ng Pilipinas</a></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Tingnan din: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mga_Ekorehiyon_sa_Pilipinas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mga Ekorehiyon sa Pilipinas (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mga Ekorehiyon sa Pilipinas</a></div> <dl><dd><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Relief_Map_Of_The_Philippines.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Relief_Map_Of_The_Philippines.png/220px-Relief_Map_Of_The_Philippines.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Relief_Map_Of_The_Philippines.png/330px-Relief_Map_Of_The_Philippines.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Relief_Map_Of_The_Philippines.png/440px-Relief_Map_Of_The_Philippines.png 2x" data-file-width="2134" data-file-height="3120" /></a><figcaption><div style="text-align:center;">Ang topograpiya ng Pilipinas.</div></figcaption></figure>Ang Pilipinas ay isang <a href="/wiki/Kapuluan" title="Kapuluan">kapuluan</a> ng 7,641 mga pulo na ang kabuoan ng sukat ng lupa, kasama ang mga nakapaloob na bahagi ng tubig, ay tinatayang nasa 300,000 square kilometer (120,000 mi kuw).<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang baybayin nito na ang sukat ay 36,289 kilometro (22,549 mi) ang dahilan kung bakit ikalima ang Pilipinas sa pinakamalawak ang baybayin sa buong daigdig.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nasa pagitan ito ng 116° 40', at 126° 34' E. longhitud at 4° 40' at 21° 10' N. latitud at humahangga sa <a href="/wiki/Dagat_Pilipinas" title="Dagat Pilipinas">Dagat Pilipinas</a> sa silangan, sa <a href="/wiki/Dagat_Timog_Tsina" title="Dagat Timog Tsina">Dagat Timog Tsina</a> sa kanluran, at sa Dagat Sulawesi sa Timog (kasalukuyang <a href="/wiki/Dagat_Celebes" title="Dagat Celebes">Dagat Celebes</a>). Ang pulo ng <a href="/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a> ay matatagpuan ilang daang kilometro sa timog kanluran at ang Taiwan ay nasa hilaga.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang labing-isang pinakamalaking isla ng bansa ay ang <a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samar_(pulo)" title="Samar (pulo)">Samar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rehiyon_ng_Pulo_ng_Negros" title="Rehiyon ng Pulo ng Negros">Negros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palawan_(pulo)" title="Palawan (pulo)">Palawan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panay" title="Panay">Panay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mindoro" title="Mindoro">Mindoro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leyte_(pulo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leyte (pulo)">Leyte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cebu_(pulo)" title="Cebu (pulo)">Cebu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bohol" title="Bohol">Bohol</a> at <a href="/wiki/Masbate_(pulo)" title="Masbate (pulo)">Masbate</a>, na bumubuo sa humigit-kumulang siyamnapu't-limang porsiyento ng kabuuang lawak ng bansa.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Mt.Mayon_tam3rd.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Mt.Mayon_tam3rd.jpg/220px-Mt.Mayon_tam3rd.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Mt.Mayon_tam3rd.jpg/330px-Mt.Mayon_tam3rd.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Mt.Mayon_tam3rd.jpg/440px-Mt.Mayon_tam3rd.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="765" /></a><figcaption>Ang <a href="/wiki/Bulkang_Mayon" title="Bulkang Mayon">Bulkang Mayon</a> ang pinakaaktibong bulkan sa Pilipinas.</figcaption></figure><p>Karamihan sa mga bulubunduking kapuluan ay nababalot ng mga kagubatang tropikal at mga nagmula sa mga pagsabog ng bulkan. Ang pinakamataas na bundok ay ang <a href="/wiki/Bundok_Apo" title="Bundok Apo">Bundok Apo</a> sa Mindanao. Ang sukat nito ay 2,954 metro (9,692 talampakan) mula sa kapatagan ng dagat. Ang pinakamahabang ilog sa Pilipinas ay ang <a href="/wiki/Ilog_Cagayan" title="Ilog Cagayan">Ilog Cagayan</a> sa hilagang Luzon, na umaagos ng humigit-kumulang 520 kilometro (320 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="thumb" style="width:100%;"> <div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto; overflow-y:display; overflow-x:scroll;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Pana_Banaue_Rice_Terraces.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ginamit ng mga Ifugao/Igorot ang Hagdan-hagdang Palayan ng Banawe upang magtanim ng mga pananim sa matarik na bulubunduking bahagi ng Hilagang Pilipinas."><img alt="Ginamit ng mga Ifugao/Igorot ang Hagdan-hagdang Palayan ng Banawe upang magtanim ng mga pananim sa matarik na bulubunduking bahagi ng Hilagang Pilipinas." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Pana_Banaue_Rice_Terraces.jpg/1000px-Pana_Banaue_Rice_Terraces.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Pana_Banaue_Rice_Terraces.jpg/1500px-Pana_Banaue_Rice_Terraces.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Pana_Banaue_Rice_Terraces.jpg/2000px-Pana_Banaue_Rice_Terraces.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9173" data-file-height="1969" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify noprint" style="float: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Pana_Banaue_Rice_Terraces.jpg" title="Talaksan:Pana Banaue Rice Terraces.jpg"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Magnify-clip.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="11" /></a></span></div><center>Ginamit ng mga <a href="/wiki/Mga_Igorot" title="Mga Igorot">Ifugao/Igorot</a> ang <a href="/wiki/Hagdan-hagdang_Palayan_ng_Banawe" title="Hagdan-hagdang Palayan ng Banawe">Hagdan-hagdang Palayan ng Banawe</a> upang magtanim ng mga pananim sa matarik na bulubunduking bahagi ng Hilagang Pilipinas.</center></div> </div></div><p>Ang Pilipinas ay napapaloob din sa tinatawag na <a href="/wiki/Singsing_ng_Apoy_ng_Pasipiko" title="Singsing ng Apoy ng Pasipiko">Singsing ng Apoy ng Pasipiko</a> na isa sa pinakaaktibong <i>fault areas</i> sa buong daigdig.<sup id="cite_ref-Rodell-2002_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rodell-2002-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Humigit-kumulang limang lindol ang naitala araw-araw, bagaman karamihan ay masyadong mahina para maramdaman. Maraming <a href="/wiki/Bulkan" title="Bulkan">bulkan</a> ang madalas na sumasabog sa bansa tulad ng <a href="/wiki/Bulkang_Pinatubo" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulkang Pinatubo">Bulkang Pinatubo</a> at <a href="/wiki/Bulkang_Mayon" title="Bulkang Mayon">Bulkang Mayon</a>. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Klima">Klima</h3></div> <p>Ang pampook na pangmatagalang panahon ay mainit, maalinsangan, at tropikal. Ang kalimitang taunang temperatura ay nasa 26.5° sentigrado. May tatlong panahon sa Pilipinas na pangkalahatang kinikilala ng mga Pilipino. Ito ay ang Tag-init o Tag-araw (mainit na panahon mula ika-3 buwan hanggang ika-5 buwan), ang Tag-ulan (maulan na panahon mula ika-6 buwan hanggang ika-11 buwan), at ang Taglamig (malamig na panahon mula ika-12 buwan hanggang ika-2 buwan). Ang bansa rin ay nasa tinatawag na "typhoon belt" ng Kanlurang Pasipiko at ito ay tinatamaan ng mga 19 na <a href="/wiki/Bagyo" title="Bagyo">bagyo</a> taon-taon. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politika_at_Pamahalaan">Politika at Pamahalaan</h2></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/wiki/Politika_ng_Pilipinas" title="Politika ng Pilipinas">Politika ng Pilipinas</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sistema">Sistema</h3></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/wiki/Talaan_ng_mga_Pangulo_ng_Pilipinas" title="Talaan ng mga Pangulo ng Pilipinas">Talaan ng mga Pangulo ng Pilipinas</a></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Karagdagang impormasyon: <a href="/wiki/Pangulo_ng_Pilipinas" title="Pangulo ng Pilipinas">Pangulo ng Pilipinas</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Ferdinand_Marcos_Jr._Inauguration_RVTM.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Ferdinand_Marcos_Jr._Inauguration_RVTM.jpg/150px-Ferdinand_Marcos_Jr._Inauguration_RVTM.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Ferdinand_Marcos_Jr._Inauguration_RVTM.jpg/225px-Ferdinand_Marcos_Jr._Inauguration_RVTM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Ferdinand_Marcos_Jr._Inauguration_RVTM.jpg/300px-Ferdinand_Marcos_Jr._Inauguration_RVTM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="499" data-file-height="723" /></a><figcaption>Si <a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos Jr.</a>, ang kasalukuyang pangulo ng Pilipinas.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ang pamahalaan ng Pilipinas, na hinalintulad sa sistema ng <a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a>, ay natatag bilang <a href="/wiki/Republika" title="Republika">Republika ng mga Kinatawan</a>. Ang kanyang <a href="/wiki/Pangulo_ng_Pilipinas" title="Pangulo ng Pilipinas">Pangulo</a> ay may tungkulin bilang <a href="/wiki/Pinuno_ng_estado" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinuno ng estado">pinuno ng estado</a> at pati ng <a href="/wiki/Pinuno_ng_pamahalaan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinuno ng pamahalaan">pamahalaan</a>. Siya rin ang punong kumandante ng <a href="/wiki/Sandatahang_Lakas_ng_Pilipinas" title="Sandatahang Lakas ng Pilipinas">Hukbong Sandatahan</a>. Naluluklok ang Pangulo sa posisyon sa pamamagitan ng isang pangkalahatang halalan at manunungkulan siya sa loob ng anim na taon. Siya ang may katungkulang maghirang ng mga kasapi at mamuno sa gabinete. </p><p>Ang Batasan ng Pilipinas ay nahahati sa dalawang Kapulungan, ang Senado at Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan. Ang mga kasapi ng dalawang kamarang <a href="/wiki/Kongreso_ng_Pilipinas" title="Kongreso ng Pilipinas">Kongreso</a>, na binubuo ng <a href="/wiki/Senado_ng_Pilipinas" title="Senado ng Pilipinas">Senado</a> at ng <a href="/wiki/Kapulungan_ng_mga_Kinatawan_ng_Pilipinas" title="Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ng Pilipinas">Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan</a>, ay hinahalal sa botong popular. </p><p>Binubuo ang Mataas na Kapulungan o Senado ng 24 na senador na naninilbihan sa loob ng 6 na taon. Tuwing 3 taon, kalahati ng mga kasapi nito ay napapalitan sa pamamagitan ng pangkalahatang halalan at maaaring manungkulan ang isang senador nang hanggang 3 sunud-sunod na termino. </p><p>Samantala, ang Mababang Kapulungan o Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan naman ay inihahalal ng mga botante ng isang distrito o sektor at may terminong 3 taon. Maaari ring manilbihan ang isang Kinatawan ng hanggang 3 sunud-sunod na termino. Binubuo ang Mababang Kapulungan ng hindi bababà sa 225 kinatawan. </p><p>Ang sangay panghukuman ng pamahalaan ay pinamumunuan ng <a href="/wiki/Kataas-taasang_Hukuman_ng_Pilipinas" title="Kataas-taasang Hukuman ng Pilipinas">Kataas-taasang Hukuman</a>, ang <a href="/wiki/Punong_Mahistrado_ng_Kataas-taasang_Hukuman_ng_Pilipinas" title="Punong Mahistrado ng Kataas-taasang Hukuman ng Pilipinas">Punong Mahistrado</a> ang namumuno nito at may 14 na Kasamang Mahistrado, lahat hinihirang ng Pangulo at manunungkulan hanggang sa panahon ng kaniyang pagreretiro. </p><p>Ang Pangulo, Pangalawang Pangulo at Punong Mahistrado ng Pilipinas ay mapatatalsik lamang sa kaniyang posisyon sa pamamagitan ng isang prosesong pampolitika na kung tawagin ay <a href="/wiki/Pagsasakdal" title="Pagsasakdal">pagsasakdal</a>, katulad ng nangyari sa dating Pangulong <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada">Joseph Ejercito Estrada</a> dahil sa pagkakasangkot sa Jueteng Scandal na nabunyag noong 2001. Napatalsik din sa puwesto ang dating Punong Mahistrado na si <a href="/wiki/Renato_Corona" title="Renato Corona">Renato Corona</a> dahil sa pagiging tuta niya kay dating Pangulong <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo</a>. Nagtagumpay ang pagsakdal noon sapagkat kusang umalis sa Malakanyang si Estrada at ang pumalit ay ang Pangalawang Pangulo nitong si Gloria Macapal ang fice </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ugnayan_sa_ibang_bansa">Ugnayan sa ibang bansa</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Rodrigo_Duterte_with_Vladimir_Putin,_2016-02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Rodrigo_Duterte_with_Vladimir_Putin%2C_2016-02.jpg/220px-Rodrigo_Duterte_with_Vladimir_Putin%2C_2016-02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Rodrigo_Duterte_with_Vladimir_Putin%2C_2016-02.jpg/330px-Rodrigo_Duterte_with_Vladimir_Putin%2C_2016-02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Rodrigo_Duterte_with_Vladimir_Putin%2C_2016-02.jpg/440px-Rodrigo_Duterte_with_Vladimir_Putin%2C_2016-02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="1160" /></a><figcaption>Pagpupulong nina Pangulong Rodrigo Duterte at <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> ng <a href="/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya">Rusya</a> sa gitna ng pulong-panguluhan ng Kooperasyong Pang-ekonomiya sa Asya-Pasipiko sa <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>, 2016.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ang Pilipinas ay isang prominenteng kasapi at isa sa tagapagtaguyod ng <a href="/wiki/Samahan_ng_mga_Bansa_sa_Timog-Silangang_Asya" title="Samahan ng mga Bansa sa Timog-Silangang Asya">Samahan ng mga Bansa sa Timog-Silangang Asya</a>. Ito rin ay isang aktibong tagalahok sa <a href="/wiki/Ekonomikong_Kooperasyon_sa_Asya-Pasipiko" title="Ekonomikong Kooperasyon sa Asya-Pasipiko">Ekonomikong Kooperasyon sa Asya-Pasipiko</a>, isang kasapi ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pangkat_ng_24&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pangkat ng 24 (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pangkat ng 24</a> at isa sa 51 mga bansang nagtatag sa <a href="/wiki/Mga_Nagkakaisang_Bansa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mga Nagkakaisang Bansa">Mga Nagkakaisang Bansa</a> noong 24 Oktubre 1945. </p><p>Pinapahalagahan ng Pilipinas ang ugnayan nito sa Estados Unidos. Sinuportahan ng Pilipinas ang Amerika sa <a href="/wiki/Digmaang_Malamig" title="Digmaang Malamig">Digmaang Malamig</a> at ang <a href="/wiki/Digmaang_Pangterorismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Digmaang Pangterorismo">Digmaang Pangterorismo</a> at isang pangunahing kaalyado na hindi kasapi ng <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="North Atlantic Treaty Organization">Organisasyon ng Tratado ng Hilagang Atlantiko</a>. Ang mga ugnayan sa iba pang mga bansa ay maayos sa pangkalahatan. Ang ibinahaging pagpapahalaga sa demokrasya ay nagpapagaan sa ugnayan sa mga bansa sa kanluran at Europa. Habang ang parehong pang-ekonomiyang aalahanin ay nakatutulong sa pakikipagugnayan sa ibang mga bansang papaunlad pa lamang. Ang makasaysayang ugnayan at pagkakahalintulad sa kalinangan ay nagsisilbi rin bilang tulay sa pakikipagugnayan sa Espanya. Sa kabila ng mga isyu tulad ng pagmamalabis at mga digmaang nakadudulot sa <a href="/wiki/Balikbayan" class="mw-redirect" title="Balikbayan">mga Pilipinong nasa ibayong-dagat</a>, ang ugnayan sa mga bansa sa <a href="/wiki/Gitnang_Silangan" title="Gitnang Silangan">Gitnang Silangan</a> ay mabuti, na nakikita ito sa patuloy na pagbibigay hanapbuhay sa mahigit dalawang milyong Pilipinong naninirahan doon. </p><p>Ang Pilipinas ay kasalukuyang nasa isang pagtatalo sa mga bansang <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tsina" title="Tsina">Tsina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> at <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> patungkol sa kung sino ang tunay na may-ari ng <a href="/wiki/Kapuluang_Spratly" title="Kapuluang Spratly">Kapuluang Spratly</a> na masagana ng langis at likas na petrolyo. Ito rin ay may 'di pagkakaunawaan sa bansang Malaysia sa usaping <a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a>. Sinasabing ibinigay ng Sultan ng <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> ang teritoryo ng Sabah sa Sultan ng <a href="/wiki/Sultanato_ng_Sulu" title="Sultanato ng Sulu">Sulu</a> pagkatapos nitong tumulong sa pagkawasak ng isang rebelyon doon. Iyon ang nagbigay karapatan at poder sa pamahalaan ng Pilipinas na angkinin muli ang kanyang nawalang lupain. Hanggang ngayon, tumatanggap ang Sultan ng Sulu ng pera para sa "upa" sa lupa mula sa pamahalaan ng Malaysia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mga_rehiyon_at_lalawigan">Mga rehiyon at lalawigan</h3></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Mga pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/wiki/Mga_rehiyon_ng_Pilipinas" title="Mga rehiyon ng Pilipinas">Mga rehiyon ng Pilipinas</a> at <a href="/wiki/Mga_lalawigan_ng_Pilipinas" title="Mga lalawigan ng Pilipinas">mga lalawigan ng Pilipinas</a></div> <p>Ang Pilipinas ay nababahagi sa mga pangkat ng pamahalaang pangpook (<i>local government units</i> o LGU). Ang mga <a href="/wiki/Mga_lalawigan_ng_Pilipinas" title="Mga lalawigan ng Pilipinas">lalawigan</a> ang pangunahin na pangkat. Hanggang 2002, mayroong 85 na lalawigan sa bansa. Ang mga ito ay nababahagi pa sa mga <a href="/wiki/Mga_lungsod_ng_Pilipinas" title="Mga lungsod ng Pilipinas">lungsod</a> at <a href="/wiki/Mga_bayan_ng_Pilipinas" title="Mga bayan ng Pilipinas">bayan</a>, na binubuo ng mga <a href="/wiki/Barangay" title="Barangay">barangay</a>. Ang barangay ang pinakamaliit na pangkat pampook ng pamahalaan. Ang lahat ng mga lalawigan ay nalulupon sa 23 <a href="/wiki/Mga_rehiyon_ng_Pilipinas" title="Mga rehiyon ng Pilipinas">mga rehiyon</a> para sa kadaliang pamumuno. Karamihan sa mga sangay ng pamahalaan ay nagtatayo ng tanggapan sa mga bahagi para magsilbi sa mga lalawigang saklaw nito. Subalit, ang mga bahagi sa Pilipinas ay walang bukod na pamahalaang pampook, maliban sa <a href="/wiki/Bangsamoro" title="Bangsamoro">Bangsamoro</a> at <a href="/wiki/Rehiyong_Pampangasiwaan_ng_Cordillera" class="mw-redirect" title="Rehiyong Pampangasiwaan ng Cordillera">Kordilyera</a>, na mga nagsasariling rehiyon. </p><p>Tumungo sa mga lathala ng mga rehiyon at mga lalawigan upang makita ang mas malaking larawan ng mga kinalalagyan ng mga bahagi at lalawigan. </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="nounderlines" style="width: 600px; float: center; margin: none; padding: none; border: none; clear: center; background-color: #ffffff;"> <div style="position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: {{{svg-background-color}}};"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Ph_administrative_map_blank.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Ph_administrative_map_blank.png/600px-Ph_administrative_map_blank.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="936" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Ph_administrative_map_blank.png/900px-Ph_administrative_map_blank.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/Ph_administrative_map_blank.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1560" /></a></span></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; 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text-align: center; left:229.5px; top: 200.5px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Abra" title="Abra"><font color="#000000">Abra</font></a></b></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:249px; top: 173.5px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Apayao" title="Apayao"><font color="#000000">Apayao</font></a></b></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:239px; top: 273px;"><center><b><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Vizcaya" title="Nueva Vizcaya"><font color="#000000">Nueva<br />Vizcaya</font></a></b></center></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:276.5px; top: 277px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Quirino" title="Quirino"><font color="#000000">Quirino</font></a></b></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:294px; top: 247px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Isabela_(lalawigan)" title="Isabela (lalawigan)"><font color="#000000">Isabela</font></a></b></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; 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text-align: center; left:224px; top: 414.5px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Batangas" title="Batangas"><font color="#000000">Batangas</font></a></b></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:289px; top: 409.5px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Quezon" title="Quezon"><font color="#000000">Quezon</font></a></b></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:284px; top: 439.5px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Marinduque" title="Marinduque"><font color="#000000">Marinduque</font></a></b></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:304.5px; top: 497.5px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Romblon" title="Romblon"><font color="#000000">Romblon</font></a></b></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:266.5px; top: 457px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Mindoro" title="Oriental Mindoro"><font color="#000000">Oriental<br />Mindoro</font></a></b></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; 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text-align: center; left:380px; top: 676px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Siquijor" title="Siquijor"><font color="#000000">Siquijor</font></a></b></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:424px; top: 494.5px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Hilagang_Samar" title="Hilagang Samar"><font color="#000000">Hilagang Samar</font></a></b></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:485.5px; top: 527px;"><center><b><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Samar" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Samar"><font color="#000000">Silangang<br />Samar</font></a></b></center></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:436.5px; top: 517px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Kanlurang_Samar" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanlurang Samar"><font color="#000000">Kanlurang<br />Samar</font></a></b></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:428px; top: 540px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Biliran" title="Biliran"><font color="#000000">Biliran</font></a></b></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:441.5px; top: 567px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Leyte" title="Leyte"><font color="#000000">Leyte</font></a></b></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:444px; top: 610.5px;"><center><b><a href="/wiki/Timog_Leyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Timog Leyte"><font color="#000000">Timog<br />Leyte</font></a></b></center></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:311.5px; top: 725.5px;"><center><b><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_del_Norte" title="Zamboanga del Norte"><font color="#000000">Zamboanga<br />del Norte</font></a></b></center></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:355px; top: 746.5px;"><center><b><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_del_Sur" title="Zamboanga del Sur"><font color="#000000">Zamboanga<br />del Sur</font></a></b></center></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:319px; top: 765px;"><center><b><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_Sibugay" title="Zamboanga Sibugay"><font color="#000000">Zamboanga<br />Sibugay</font></a></b></center></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:428.5px; top: 674.5px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Camiguin" title="Camiguin"><font color="#000000">Camiguin</font></a></b></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:447.5px; top: 740px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Bukidnon" title="Bukidnon"><font color="#000000">Bukidnon</font></a></b></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:438px; top: 693.5px;"><center><b><a href="/wiki/Misamis_Oriental" title="Misamis Oriental"><font color="#000000">Misamis<br />Oriental</font></a></b></center></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:384px; top: 703.5px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Misamis_Occidental" title="Misamis Occidental"><font color="#000000">Misamis<br />Occidental</font></a></b></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:398px; top: 727.5px;"><center><b><a href="/wiki/Lanao_del_Norte" title="Lanao del Norte"><font color="#000000">Lanao<br />del Norte</font></a></b></center></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:475.5px; top: 643px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Surigao_del_Norte" title="Surigao del Norte"><font color="#000000">Surigao del Norte</font></a></b></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:524px; top: 682.5px;"><center><b><a href="/wiki/Surigao_del_Sur" title="Surigao del Sur"><font color="#000000">Surigao<br />del Sur</font></a></b></center></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:493px; top: 714px;"><center><b><a href="/wiki/Agusan_del_Sur" title="Agusan del Sur"><font color="#000000">Agusan<br />del Sur</font></a></b></center></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:479px; top: 670.5px;"><center><b><a href="/wiki/Agusan_del_Norte" title="Agusan del Norte"><font color="#000000">Agusan<br />del<br />Norte</font></a></b></center></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:491px; top: 753px;"><center><b><a href="/wiki/Davao_del_Norte" title="Davao del Norte"><font color="#000000">Davao<br />del<br />Norte</font></a></b></center></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:522.5px; top: 761.5px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Davao_de_Oro" title="Davao de Oro"><font color="#000000">Davao de Oro</font></a></b></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:529.5px; top: 793px;"><center><b><a href="/wiki/Davao_Oriental" title="Davao Oriental"><font color="#000000">Davao<br />Oriental</font></a></b></center></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:484.5px; top: 803px;"><center><b><a href="/wiki/Davao_del_Sur" title="Davao del Sur"><font color="#000000">Davao<br />del Sur</font></a></b></center></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:440.5px; top: 831px;"><center><b><a href="/wiki/Timog_Cotabato" title="Timog Cotabato"><font color="#000000">Timog<br />Cotabato</font></a></b></center></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:448.5px; top: 856px;"><center><b><a href="/wiki/Sarangani" title="Sarangani"><font color="#000000">Sarangani</font></a></b></center></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:404px; top: 818px;"><center><b><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Kudarat" title="Sultan Kudarat"><font color="#000000">Sultan Kudarat</font></a></b></center></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:443px; top: 774.5px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Cotabato_(lalawigan)" title="Cotabato (lalawigan)"><font color="#000000">Hilagang<br />Cotabato</font></a></b></div></div> <p><br /> </p> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:291.5px; top: 819px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Basilan" title="Basilan"><font color="#000000">Basilan</font></a></b></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:249px; top: 850.5px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Sulu" title="Sulu"><font color="#000000">Sulu</font></a></b></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:178px; top: 896px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Tawi-Tawi" title="Tawi-Tawi"><font color="#000000">Tawi-Tawi</font></a></b></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:406.5px; top: 796px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Maguindanao" title="Maguindanao"><font color="#000000">Maguindanao</font></a></b></div></div> <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; text-align: center; left:417px; top: 749px;"><center><b><a href="/wiki/Lanao_del_Sur" title="Lanao del Sur"><font color="#000000">Lanao<br />del Sur</font></a></b></center></div></div> </div> </div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomiya">Ekonomiya</h2></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/wiki/Ekonomiya_ng_Pilipinas" title="Ekonomiya ng Pilipinas">Ekonomiya ng Pilipinas</a></div> <p>Ang Pilipinas ay isang <a href="/wiki/Umuunlad_na_bansa" class="mw-redirect" title="Umuunlad na bansa">umuunlad na bansa</a> sa Timog-Silangang Asya. Ang lebel ng sahod sa Pilipinas ay <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GNI_(nominal,_Atlas_method)_per_capita" class="extiw" title="en:List of countries by GNI (nominal, Atlas method) per capita">mababang gitnang sahod</a> (<i>lower middle income</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Ang <a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a> kada tao ayon sa <a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" class="mw-redirect" title="Purchasing power parity">Purchasing power parity</a> (PPP) sa Pilipinas noong 2013 ay $3,383 na ika-130 sa buong mundo at mas mababa sa ibang mga bansa sa <a href="/wiki/Timog_Silangang_Asya" class="mw-redirect" title="Timog Silangang Asya">Timog Silangang Asya</a> gaya ng Brunei, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand at Indonesia <sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Ang <i>GDP kada tao ayon sa PPP</i> ay naghahambing ng mga pangkalahatang pagkakaiba sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamantayan_ng_pamumuhay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pamantayan ng pamumuhay (hindi pa naisusulat)">pamantayan ng pamumuhay</a> sa kabuuan sa pagitan ng mga bansa dahil isinasaalang alang nito ang relatibong gastos ng pamumuhay at mga rate ng implasyon ng mga bansa. Ang Pilipinas ay ika-138 sa buong mundo sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indeks_ng_pagiging_madaling_magnegosyo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indeks ng pagiging madaling magnegosyo (hindi pa naisusulat)">indeks ng pagiging madaling magnegosyo</a> o mahirap magnegosyo sa Pilipinas. Ang Pilipinas ay ika-105 sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Corruption_Perceptions_Index&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corruption Perceptions Index (hindi pa naisusulat)">Corruption Perceptions Index</a> sa mga 176 bansa sa buong mundo o may napakataas na antas ng korupsiyon.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ang kahirapan at hindi pantay na sahod sa pagitan ng mayaman at mahirap ay nananatiling mataas sa Pilipinas.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang mga kamakailang paglago sa ekonomiya ng Pilipinas ay nangyayari lamang sa mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sektor_ng_serbisyo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sektor ng serbisyo (hindi pa naisusulat)">sektor ng serbisyo</a> gaya ng industriyang <a href="/wiki/Pagluluwas" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagluluwas">pagluluwas</a> ng semikondaktor, telekomunikasyon, BPO, real estate na sinusuportahan ng mga remitans o ipinadalang salapi ng mga OFW sa kanilang pamilya sa Pilipinas na may maliliit na negosyo. Ito ang pangunahing dahilan kung bakit mayroong hindi sapat na kalidad na trabaho at ang kahirapan at pagiging hindi pantay ng sahod ay hindi napabuti.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang sektor na lilikha ng mas maraming trabaho gaya ng agrikultura, pagmamanupaktura at industriya ay matamlay.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Iniulat ng World Bank na ang Pilipinas ay isa sa pinakamayamang ekonomiya sa <a href="/wiki/Asya" title="Asya">Asya</a> noong mga 1950 pagkatapos ng <a href="/wiki/Hapon" title="Hapon">Hapon</a> ngunit naging isa sa pinakamahirap na bansa sa Asya ngayon.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-marcos5_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marcos5-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ito ay itinuturo ng mga ekonomista sa mga taon ng maling pangangasiwa sa ekonomiya at pababago-bagong kondisyon sa politika noong rehimen ni <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a> mula 1965 hanggang 1986 na nag-ambag sa bumagal na pag-unlad ng ekonomiya ng Pilipinas.<sup id="cite_ref-marcos5_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marcos5-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ayon sa ilang sanggunian, ang taunang GDP ng Pilipinas mula 1976 hanggang 1986 sa ilalim ni Marcos ay 1.8% lamang.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sa ilalim ni Marcos, ang <a href="/wiki/Kapitalismong_crony" title="Kapitalismong crony">kapitalismong kroni</a> at <a href="/wiki/Monopolyo" title="Monopolyo">monopolyo</a> ay itinatag kung saan ang kanyang mga kroni ay malaking nakinabang.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sa ilalim ni Marcos, ang Pilipinas ay mabigat na <a href="/wiki/Panlabas_na_utang" title="Panlabas na utang">umutang sa dayuhan</a> na umabot ng 28 bilyong dolyar mula kaunti sa 2 bilyong dolyar nang maluklok siya sa puwesto noong 1965. Sa kasalukuyan, ang pamahalaan ng Pilipinas ay nagbabayad pa rin ng interes sa mga utang pandayuhan ng bansa na natamo noong panahon ng administrasyong Marcos hanggang sa 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ang Pilipinas ang <a href="/wiki/Tala_ng_mga_bansa_ayon_sa_GDP_(PPP)" title="Tala ng mga bansa ayon sa GDP (PPP)">ika-43 pinakamalaki sa buong daigdig</a> ang pambansang ekonomiya ng Pilipinas, na may tinatayang $224.754 bilyon <a href="/wiki/Kabuuan_ng_Gawang_Katutubo" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabuuan ng Gawang Katutubo">GDP</a> (nominal) noong 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kinabibilangan ng mga kalakal na iniluluwas ang mga <a href="/wiki/Semiconductor" class="mw-redirect" title="Semiconductor">semiconductor</a> at mga kalakal na eletroniko, mga kagamitang pang-transportasyon, <a href="/wiki/Damit" class="mw-redirect" title="Damit">damit</a>, mga produkto mula sa tanso, produktong <a href="/wiki/Petrolyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrolyo">petrolyo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Langis_ng_niyog" title="Langis ng niyog">langis ng niyog</a>, at mga <a href="/wiki/Prutas" class="mw-redirect" title="Prutas">prutas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CIAfactbook_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAfactbook-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pangunahing kinakalakal ito sa mga bansang <a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hapon_(bansa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hapon (bansa)">Japon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republikang_Popular_ng_Tsina" class="mw-redirect" title="Republikang Popular ng Tsina">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timog_Korea" title="Timog Korea">Timog Korea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alemanya" title="Alemanya">Alemania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republika_ng_Tsina" class="mw-redirect" title="Republika ng Tsina">Taiwan</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Thailand">Tailandia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CIAfactbook_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAfactbook-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb" style="width:100%;"> <div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto; overflow-y:display; overflow-x:scroll;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Makati_skyline_mjlsha.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ang Lungsod ng Makati sa Kalakhang Maynila, ang sentrong lungsod pampinansiyal ng bansa."><img alt="Ang Lungsod ng Makati sa Kalakhang Maynila, ang sentrong lungsod pampinansiyal ng bansa." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Makati_skyline_mjlsha.jpg/1110px-Makati_skyline_mjlsha.jpg" decoding="async" width="1110" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Makati_skyline_mjlsha.jpg/1665px-Makati_skyline_mjlsha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Makati_skyline_mjlsha.jpg/2220px-Makati_skyline_mjlsha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="764" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify noprint" style="float: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Makati_skyline_mjlsha.jpg" title="Talaksan:Makati skyline mjlsha.jpg"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Magnify-clip.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="11" /></a></span></div><center>Ang Lungsod ng <a href="/wiki/Makati" title="Makati">Makati</a> sa <a href="/wiki/Kalakhang_Maynila" title="Kalakhang Maynila">Kalakhang Maynila</a>, ang sentrong lungsod pampinansiyal ng bansa.</center></div> </div></div> <p>Bilang isang bagong bansang industriyalisado, nagpapalit na ang ekonomiya ng Pilipinas mula sa pagiging isang bansang nakabatay sa agrikultura patungo sa ekonomiyang nakabatay ng higit sa mga paglilingkod at paggawa. Sa kabuoang bilang ng mga manggagawa sa bansa na nasa 38.1 milyon<sup id="cite_ref-CIAfactbook_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAfactbook-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, 32% nito ay naghahanapbuhay sa sektor ng <a href="/wiki/Agrikultura" title="Agrikultura">agrikultura</a> subalit 13.8% lamang nito ang naiaambag sa GDP. ang sektor ng industriya na nasa 13.7% ng dami ng manggawa ay nakakapag-ambag ng 30% sa GDP. Samantala ang natitirang 46.5% ng mga manggawa ay nasa sektor ng paglilingkod na bumubuo sa 56.2% ng GDP.<sup id="cite_ref-nscb2009_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nscb2009-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-quickstat_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quickstat-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Noong 1998 ang ekonomiya ng Pilipinas — pinaghalong <a href="/wiki/Agrikultura" title="Agrikultura">agrikultura</a>, marahan na industriya, at mga serbisyong pansustento — ay nanghina dulot ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Krisis_pinansiyal_sa_Asya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krisis pinansiyal sa Asya (hindi pa naisusulat)">krisis pinansiyal sa Asya</a> at ng mahinang kondisyon ng lagay ng panahon. Ang pag-angat ay bumaba sa 0.6% noong 1998 mula 5% noong 1997, pero nakabawi hanggang sa 3% noong 1999 at 4% noong 2000. Nangako ang pamahalaan na ipagpapatuloy ang mga reporma sa ekonomiya para makahabol ang bansa sa mga bagong nagsisipag-unlaran at industriyalisadong mga bansa sa <a href="/wiki/Silangang_Asya" title="Silangang Asya">Silangang Asia</a>. Ang nagpapabagal sa pagsisikap ng pamahalaan na mapabuti ang ekonomiya ng bansa ay ang mismong utang nito (utang pampubliko na 77% ng GDP). Ang hinihinging badyet para sa pagbabayad ng utang ay higit na mas mataas pa sa badyet ng pinagsamang Kagawaran ng Edukasyon at Militar. </p><p>Ang estratehiyang pinaiiral ng pamahalaan ay ang pagpapabuti sa <a href="/wiki/Impraestruktura" title="Impraestruktura">impraestruktura</a>, ang paglilinis sa sistemang tax o <a href="/wiki/Buwis" title="Buwis">buwis</a> upang paigtingin ang kita ng pamahalaan, ang deregulasyon at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pagsasapribado&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pagsasapribado (hindi pa naisusulat)">pagsasapribado</a> ng ekonomiya, at ang karagdagang pagkalakal sa rehiyon o mas integrasyon. Ang pagasa ng ekonomiya sa ngayon ay nakasalalay sa kaganapang pang-ekonomiya ng kanyang dalawang pangunahing sosyo sa kalakal, ang <a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a> at <a href="/wiki/Hapon" title="Hapon">Hapon</a>, at sa isang mas mabisang administrasyon at mas matibay na patakaran ng pamahalaan. </p><p>Sa ilalim ng pamumunò ni <a href="/wiki/Noynoy_Aquino" class="mw-redirect" title="Noynoy Aquino">Noynoy Aquino</a>, ang rate ng paglago ng <a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a> ng Pilipinas noong 2012 ay 6.6 porsiyento na sinasabing ikalawang pinakamataas sa Asya. Ang Fitch Ratings ay nagtaas ng Pilipinas sa "BBB-" with a stable outlook na unang pagkakataong ang Pilipinas ay nakatanggap ng gayong katayuan ng grado ng pamumuhunan sa Pilipinas. Itinaas din ng World Economic Forum ang Pilipinas sa 10 punto sa itaas na kalahati ng ranggong pagiging kompetetibo nitong pandaigdigan sa unang pagkakataon sa kasaysayan ng Pilipinas. Ang mga pagbuti sa ekonomiya ay sinasabing sanhi ng mga hakbang na isinasagawa ni Noynoy upang pataasin ang pagiging bukas ng pamahalaan at sugpuin ang korapsyon na muling nagbigay ng pagtitiwalang internasyonal sa ekonomiya ng Pilipinas. Gayunpaman, sinasabing ang mga mayayamang pamilya lamang ang nakinabang at nakikinabang sa pagbuti ng ekonomiya. Ang pagiging hindi pantay ng sahod sa pagitan ng mga mayayaman at mahihirap sa Pilipinas ay nananatiling mataas. Noong 2012, isinaad ng Forbes Asia na ang magkakasamang kayamanan ng 40 pinakamayamang pamilya sa Pilipinas ay lumago ng $13 bilyong dolyar noong 2010 hanggang 2011 sa $47.4 bilyon na pagtaas na 37.9 porsiyento. Ang pagtaas sa kayamanan ng mga pamilyang ito ay katumbas ng 76.5 porsiyento ng kabuoang pagtaas ng GDP ng Pilipinas sa panahong ito. Ang hindi pantay na sahod ng mga mamamayang Pilipino ang pinakamataas sa Asya. Sa Thailand, ang kayamanan ng 40 mga mayayamang pamilya ay tumaas lamang nang 25 porsiyento sa 2012 samantalang sa Malaysia ay 3.7 porsiyento at sa Hapon ay 2.8 porsiyento lamang. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportasyon">Transportasyon</h3></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/wiki/Transportasyon_sa_Pilipinas" title="Transportasyon sa Pilipinas">Transportasyon sa Pilipinas</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:NLEX_Santa_Rita_northbound_(Guiguinto,_Bulacan)(2017-03-14).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/NLEX_Santa_Rita_northbound_%28Guiguinto%2C_Bulacan%29%282017-03-14%29.jpg/220px-NLEX_Santa_Rita_northbound_%28Guiguinto%2C_Bulacan%29%282017-03-14%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/NLEX_Santa_Rita_northbound_%28Guiguinto%2C_Bulacan%29%282017-03-14%29.jpg/330px-NLEX_Santa_Rita_northbound_%28Guiguinto%2C_Bulacan%29%282017-03-14%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/NLEX_Santa_Rita_northbound_%28Guiguinto%2C_Bulacan%29%282017-03-14%29.jpg/440px-NLEX_Santa_Rita_northbound_%28Guiguinto%2C_Bulacan%29%282017-03-14%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Isang bahagi ng <a href="/wiki/North_Luzon_Expressway" title="North Luzon Expressway">North Luzon Expressway</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ang imprastrakturang pantransportasyon sa Pilipinas ay hindi gaanong maunlad. Ito ay dahil sa bulubunduking lupain at kalat-kalat na heograpiya ng kapuluan, ngunit bunga rin ito ng mababang pamumuhunan ng mga nakalipas na pamahalaan sa imprastraktura. Noong 2013, humigit-kumulang 3% ng pambansang GDP ay napunta sa pagpapa-unlad ng imprastraktura – higit na mas-mababa kung ihahambing sa karamihan sa mga karatig-bansa nito.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> May 216,387 kilometro (134,457 milya) ng mga daan sa Pilipinas; sa habang ito, tanging 61,093 kilometro (37,961 milya) lamang ng mga daan ay nailatag.<sup id="cite_ref-WBtransport_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WBtransport-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Madalas makakakuha ng mga bus, <a href="/wiki/Dyipni" title="Dyipni">dyipni</a>, taksi, at <a href="/w/index.php?title=De-motor_na_traysikel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De-motor na traysikel (hindi pa naisusulat)">de-motor na traysikel</a> sa mga pangunahing lungsod at bayan. Noong 2007, may humigit-kumulang 5.53 milyong mga nakarehistrong sasakyang de-motor. Dumarami nang 4.55% sa bawat taon ang mga pagpaparehistro ng mga sasakyan.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nangangasiwa ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pangasiwaan_ng_Abyasyon_Sibil_ng_Pilipinas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pangasiwaan ng Abyasyon Sibil ng Pilipinas (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pangasiwaan ng Abyasyon Sibil ng Pilipinas</a> sa mga paliparan at sa pagpapatupad ng mga polisiyang may kinalaman sa ligtas na paglalakbay sa himpapawid<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> na may 85 gumaganang pampublikong paliparan magmula noong 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Naglilingkod ang <a href="/wiki/Paliparang_Pandaigdig_ng_Ninoy_Aquino" title="Paliparang Pandaigdig ng Ninoy Aquino">Paliparang Pandaigdig ng Ninoy Aquino</a> (NAIA) sa <a href="/wiki/Malawakang_Maynila" title="Malawakang Maynila">Malawakang Maynila</a> kasama ang <a href="/wiki/Paliparang_Pandaigdig_ng_Clark" title="Paliparang Pandaigdig ng Clark">Paliparang Pandaigdig ng Clark</a>. Ang <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Airlines" title="Philippine Airlines">Philippine Airlines</a>, ang pinakamatandang kompanyang panghimpapawid sa Asya na umiiral pa rin sa ilalim ng orihinal na pangalan nito, at ang <a href="/wiki/Cebu_Pacific" title="Cebu Pacific">Cebu Pacific</a>, ang pangunahing pang-mababang presyo na kompanyang panghimpapawid, ay mga pangunahing kompanyang panghimpapawid na naglilingkod sa karamihang mga panloob at pandaigdigang destinasyon.<sup id="cite_ref-PAL_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PAL-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HAviation_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HAviation-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OxfordBG_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OxfordBG-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> Karamihang matatagpuan sa Luzon ang mga mabilisang daanan at lansangan kasama ang <a href="/wiki/Pan-Philippine_Highway" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan-Philippine Highway">Pan-Philippine Highway</a> na nag-uugnay ng mga pulo ng <a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samar" class="mw-disambig" title="Samar">Samar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leyte" title="Leyte">Leyte</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ang <a href="/wiki/North_Luzon_Expressway" title="North Luzon Expressway">North Luzon Expressway</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Luzon_Expressway" title="South Luzon Expressway">South Luzon Expressway</a>, at ang <a href="/wiki/Subic%E2%80%93Clark%E2%80%93Tarlac_Expressway" title="Subic–Clark–Tarlac Expressway">Subic–Clark–Tarlac Expressway</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:MRT-2_Train_Santolan_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/MRT-2_Train_Santolan_1.jpg/220px-MRT-2_Train_Santolan_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/MRT-2_Train_Santolan_1.jpg/330px-MRT-2_Train_Santolan_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/MRT-2_Train_Santolan_1.jpg/440px-MRT-2_Train_Santolan_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="701" data-file-height="525" /></a><figcaption>Isang tren ng <a href="/wiki/Ikalawang_Linya_ng_Sistema_ng_Light_Rail_Transit_ng_Maynila" title="Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila">Linya 2</a> sa <a href="/wiki/Estasyong_Santolan_ng_LRT" class="mw-redirect" title="Estasyong Santolan ng LRT">Estasyong Santolan</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>May papel lamang ang transportasyong daambakal sa Pilipinas sa paglululan ng mga pasahero sa loob ng Kalakhang Maynila. Ang rehiyon ay pinaglilingkuran ng tatlong mga linya ng mabilis na lulan: <a href="/wiki/Unang_Linya_ng_Sistema_ng_Light_Rail_Transit_ng_Maynila" title="Unang Linya ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila">Linya 1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ikalawang_Linya_ng_Sistema_ng_Light_Rail_Transit_ng_Maynila" title="Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila">Linya 2</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ikatlong_Linya_ng_Sistema_ng_Metro_Rail_Transit_ng_Maynila" title="Ikatlong Linya ng Sistema ng Metro Rail Transit ng Maynila">Linya 3</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-yellow_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yellow-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-provision_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-provision-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-times_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-times-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Noong nakaraan, nagsilbi ang mga daambakal sa mga pangunahing bahagi ng Luzon, at magagamit ang mga serbisyong daambakal sa mga pulo ng Cebu at Negros. Ginamit din ang mga daambakal para sa mga layong pang-agrikuktura, lalo na sa paggawa ng tabako at tubo. Halos wala nang transportasyong pangkargamento sa riles magmula noong 2014. Ilang nga sistemang transportasyon ay nasa ilalim ng pagpapa-unlad: nagpapatupad ang <a href="/wiki/Kagawaran_ng_Agham_at_Teknolohiya_(Pilipinas)" title="Kagawaran ng Agham at Teknolohiya (Pilipinas)">DOST</a>-MIRDC at <a href="/wiki/Unibersidad_ng_Pilipinas" title="Unibersidad ng Pilipinas">UP</a> ng mga unang pag-aaral ukol sa <i>Automated Guideway Transit</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Magmula noong 2015 sinusubok din ang kung-tawaging "<i>Hybrid Electric Road Train</i>" na isang mahabang <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bi-articulated_bus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bi-articulated bus (hindi pa naisusulat)">bi-articulated bus</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bilang isang kapuluan, kadalasang kinakailangan ang paglalakbay sa mga pulo-pulo gamit ang sasakyang pandagat.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang mga pinaka-abalang pantalang pandagat ay <a href="/wiki/Pantalan_ng_Maynila" title="Pantalan ng Maynila">Maynila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pandaigdigang_Pantalan_ng_Batangas" class="mw-redirect" title="Pandaigdigang Pantalan ng Batangas">Batangas</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pantalan_ng_Subic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pantalan ng Subic (hindi pa naisusulat)">Subic</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pantalan_ng_Cebu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pantalan ng Cebu (hindi pa naisusulat)">Cebu</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pantalan_ng_Iloilo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pantalan ng Iloilo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Iloilo</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pantalan_ng_Dabaw&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pantalan ng Dabaw (hindi pa naisusulat)">Dabaw</a>, Cagayan de Oro, at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pantalan_ng_Zamboanga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pantalan ng Zamboanga (hindi pa naisusulat)">Zamboanga</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-transpo_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-transpo-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Naglilingkod ang <a href="/wiki/2GO_Travel" title="2GO Travel">2GO Travel</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulpicio_Lines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulpicio Lines (hindi pa naisusulat)">Sulpicio Lines</a> sa Maynila, na may mga ugnay sa iba't-ibang mga lungsod at bayan sa pamamagitan ng mga pampasaherong bapor. Ang 919-kilometro (571 milyang) <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strong_Republic_Nautical_Highway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strong Republic Nautical Highway (hindi pa naisusulat)">Strong Republic Nautical Highway</a></i> (SRNH), isang pinagsamang set ng mga bahagi ng lansangan at ruta ng ferry na sumasaklaw sa 17 mga lungsod, ay itinatag noong 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Naglilingkod ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasig_River_Ferry_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasig River Ferry Service (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pasig River Ferry Service</a> sa mga pangunahing ilog sa Kalakhang Maynila, kasama ang <a href="/wiki/Ilog_Pasig" title="Ilog Pasig">Ilog Pasig</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ilog_Marikina" title="Ilog Marikina">Ilog Marikina</a> na may mga estasyon sa Maynila, Makati, Mandaluyong, Pasig at Marikina.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demograpiya">Demograpiya</h2></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Mga pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/wiki/Demograpiya_ng_Pilipinas" title="Demograpiya ng Pilipinas">Demograpiya ng Pilipinas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mga_Pilipino" title="Mga Pilipino">Mga Pilipino</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Balikbayan" class="mw-redirect" title="Balikbayan">Balikbayan</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Philippines_Population_Density_Map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Philippines_Population_Density_Map.svg/200px-Philippines_Population_Density_Map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Philippines_Population_Density_Map.svg/300px-Philippines_Population_Density_Map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Philippines_Population_Density_Map.svg/400px-Philippines_Population_Density_Map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3120" /></a><figcaption>Kapal ng bilang ng tao sa bawat lalawigan magmula noong 2009<sup class="plainlinks noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pilipinas&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> sa bawat kilometro kuwadrado.</figcaption></figure> <p>Tumaas ang populasyon ng Pilipinas mula 1990 hanggang 2008 ng tinatayang 28 milyon, 45% paglago sa nasabing panahon.<sup id="cite_ref-IEApop2011_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEApop2011-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sa kauna-unahang opisyal na sensus ng Pilipinas na ginanap noong 1877 ay nakapagtala ng populasyon na 5,567,685.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Noong 2011, naging ika-12 pinakamataong bansa sa buong daigdig ang Pilipinas, na ang populasyon ay humihigit sa 94 milyon. </p><p>Tinatayang ang kalahati ng populasyon ay naninirahan sa pulo ng Luzon. Ang antas ng paglago ng populasyon sa pagitan ng 1995 hanggang 2000 na 3.21% ay nabawasan sa tinatayang 1.95% para sa mga taong 2005 hanggang 2010, subalit nananatiling isang malaking isyu.<sup id="cite_ref-Officialpop_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Officialpop-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gma_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gma-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 22.7 Ang panggitnang gulang ng populasyon ay 22.7 taon gulang na may 60.9% ang nasa gulang na 15 hanggang 64 na gulang.<sup id="cite_ref-CIAfactbook_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAfactbook-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang tinatayang haba ng buhay ay 71.94 taon, 75.03 taon para sa babae at 68.99 na taon para sa mga lalaki.<sup id="cite_ref-worldfactbook1_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-worldfactbook1-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>May mahigit 11 milyong mga Pilipino sa labas ng Pilipinas.<sup id="cite_ref-PRB2003_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PRB2003-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nang magsimula ang liberalisasyon ng batas pang-imigrasyon ng <a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a> noong 1965, ang bilang ng mga taong may liping Pilipino ay tumaas. Noong 2007, tinatayang nasa 3.1 milyon ang bilang nito.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Census2007_offilipinos_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census2007_offilipinos-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ayon sa Kawanihan ng Senso ng Estados Unidos, ang mga imigrante mula sa Pilipinas ay bumubuo ng ikalawang pinakamalaking pangkat sunod sa <a href="/wiki/Mehiko" title="Mehiko">Mehiko</a> na naghahangad nang pagkakabuo ng pamilya.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> May tinatayang dalawang milyong Pilipino ang naghahanapbuhay sa Gitnang Silangan, kung saan nasa isang milyon nito ay nasa <a href="/wiki/Arabyang_Saudi" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabyang Saudi">Arabyang Saudi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;"> <caption>10 Pinakamataong Rehiyon sa Pilipinas <small>(2015)</small><sup id="cite_ref-PSA-2015-Highlights_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PSA-2015-Highlights-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Puwesto </th> <th scope="col">Itinalaga </th> <th scope="col">Pangalan </th> <th scope="col">Lawak </th> <th scope="col">Bilang ng tao (magmula noong 2015<sup class="plainlinks noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pilipinas&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>) </th> <th scope="col">Kapal ng bilang ng tao </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">Ika-1 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Rehiyon IV </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Calabarzon" title="Calabarzon">Calabarzon</a> </td> <td>16,873.31 km<sup>2</sup> (6,514.82 mi kuw) </td> <td>14,414,744 </td> <td>850/km<sup>2</sup> (2,200/mi kuw) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">Ika-2 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">NCR </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kalakhang_Maynila" title="Kalakhang Maynila">Pambansang Punong Rehiyon</a> </td> <td>619.57 km<sup>2</sup> (239.22 mi kuw) </td> <td>12,877,253 </td> <td>21,000/km<sup>2</sup> (54,000/mi kuw) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">Ika-3 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Rehiyon III </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Gitnang_Luzon" title="Gitnang Luzon">Gitnang Luzon</a> </td> <td>22,014.63 km<sup>2</sup> (8,499.90 mi kuw) </td> <td>11,218,177 </td> <td>510/km<sup>2</sup> (1,300/mi kuw) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">Ika-4 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Rehiyon VII </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Gitnang_Kabisayaan" title="Gitnang Kabisayaan">Gitnang Kabisayaan</a> </td> <td>10,102.16 km<sup>2</sup> (3,900.47 mi kuw) </td> <td>6,041,903 </td> <td>600/km<sup>2</sup> (1,600/mi kuw) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">Ika-5 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Rehiyon V </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bicol" title="Bicol">Rehiyon ng Bikol</a> </td> <td>18,155.82 km<sup>2</sup> (7,010.00 mi kuw) </td> <td>5,796,989 </td> <td>320/km<sup>2</sup> (830/mi kuw) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">Ika-6 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Rehiyon I </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ilocos" title="Ilocos">Rehiyon ng Ilocos</a> </td> <td>16,873.31 km<sup>2</sup> (6,514.82 mi kuw) </td> <td>5,026,128 </td> <td>300/km<sup>2</sup> (780/mi kuw) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">Ika-7 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Rehiyon XI </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Rehiyon_ng_Davao" title="Rehiyon ng Davao">Rehiyon ng Dabaw</a> </td> <td>20,357.42 km<sup>2</sup> (7,860.04 mi kuw) </td> <td>4,893,318 </td> <td>240/km<sup>2</sup> (620/mi kuw) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">Ika-8 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Rehiyon X </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hilagang_Mindanao" title="Hilagang Mindanao">Hilagang Mindanao</a> </td> <td>20,496.02 km<sup>2</sup> (7,913.56 mi kuw) </td> <td>4,689,302 </td> <td>230/km<sup>2</sup> (600/mi kuw) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">Ika-9 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Rehiyon XII </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Soccsksargen" title="Soccsksargen">Soccsksargen</a> </td> <td>22,513.30 km<sup>2</sup> (8,692.43 mi kuw) </td> <td>4,575,276 </td> <td>200/km<sup>2</sup> (520/mi kuw) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">Ika-10 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Rehiyon VI </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kanlurang_Kabisayaan" title="Kanlurang Kabisayaan">Rehiyon ng Panay</a> </td> <td>12,828.97 km<sup>2</sup> (4,953.29 mi kuw) </td> <td>4,477,247 </td> <td>350/km<sup>2</sup> (910/mi kuw) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mga_pinakamalaking_lungsod">Mga pinakamalaking lungsod</h3></div> <table class="navbox collapsible collapsed"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" class="navbox-title"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1843287">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float: left;height:2.6em;"><ul><li class="nv-tingnan"><a href="/wiki/Padron:Mga_pinakamalaking_lungsod_ng_Pilipinas" title="Padron:Mga pinakamalaking lungsod ng Pilipinas"><abbr title="Tingnan ang padron">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-usapan"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usapang_padron:Mga_pinakamalaking_lungsod_ng_Pilipinas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usapang padron:Mga pinakamalaking lungsod ng Pilipinas (hindi pa naisusulat)"><abbr title="Pag-usapan 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lungsod sa Pilipinas">Pangalan</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Mga_rehiyon_ng_Pilipinas" title="Mga rehiyon ng Pilipinas">Rehiyon</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Talaan_ng_mga_lungsod_at_bayan_sa_Pilipinas" title="Talaan ng mga lungsod at bayan sa Pilipinas"> Pop.</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Talaan_ng_mga_lungsod_at_bayan_sa_Pilipinas" title="Talaan ng mga lungsod at bayan sa Pilipinas">Ranggo</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Talaan_ng_mga_lungsod_sa_Pilipinas" title="Talaan ng mga lungsod sa Pilipinas">Pangalan</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Mga_rehiyon_ng_Pilipinas" title="Mga rehiyon ng Pilipinas">Rehiyon</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Talaan_ng_mga_lungsod_at_bayan_sa_Pilipinas" title="Talaan ng mga lungsod at bayan sa Pilipinas"> Pop.</a></th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Quezon_City_skyline_-_South_Triangle_with_TV_towers_(from_Mezza_2)_(Quezon_City)(2018-05-12).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lungsod Quezon"><img alt="Lungsod Quezon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Quezon_City_skyline_-_South_Triangle_with_TV_towers_%28from_Mezza_2%29_%28Quezon_City%29%282018-05-12%29.jpg/120px-Quezon_City_skyline_-_South_Triangle_with_TV_towers_%28from_Mezza_2%29_%28Quezon_City%29%282018-05-12%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Quezon_City_skyline_-_South_Triangle_with_TV_towers_%28from_Mezza_2%29_%28Quezon_City%29%282018-05-12%29.jpg/180px-Quezon_City_skyline_-_South_Triangle_with_TV_towers_%28from_Mezza_2%29_%28Quezon_City%29%282018-05-12%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Quezon_City_skyline_-_South_Triangle_with_TV_towers_%28from_Mezza_2%29_%28Quezon_City%29%282018-05-12%29.jpg/240px-Quezon_City_skyline_-_South_Triangle_with_TV_towers_%28from_Mezza_2%29_%28Quezon_City%29%282018-05-12%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Lungsod_Quezon" title="Lungsod Quezon">Lungsod Quezon</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Binondo_and_Pasig_River_(Manila;_06-13-2019).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maynila"><img alt="Maynila" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Binondo_and_Pasig_River_%28Manila%3B_06-13-2019%29.jpg/120px-Binondo_and_Pasig_River_%28Manila%3B_06-13-2019%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Binondo_and_Pasig_River_%28Manila%3B_06-13-2019%29.jpg/180px-Binondo_and_Pasig_River_%28Manila%3B_06-13-2019%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Binondo_and_Pasig_River_%28Manila%3B_06-13-2019%29.jpg/240px-Binondo_and_Pasig_River_%28Manila%3B_06-13-2019%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Maynila" title="Maynila">Maynila</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Lungsod_Quezon" title="Lungsod Quezon">Lungsod Quezon</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kalakhang_Maynila" title="Kalakhang Maynila">NCR</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,936,116</td> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">11</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Para%C3%B1aque" title="Parañaque">Parañaque</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kalakhang_Maynila" title="Kalakhang Maynila">NCR</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">665,822 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Davao_River_from_air_(Davao_City;_11-24-2021)_edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lungsod ng Dabaw"><img alt="Lungsod ng Dabaw" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Davao_River_from_air_%28Davao_City%3B_11-24-2021%29_edit.jpg/120px-Davao_River_from_air_%28Davao_City%3B_11-24-2021%29_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Davao_River_from_air_%28Davao_City%3B_11-24-2021%29_edit.jpg/180px-Davao_River_from_air_%28Davao_City%3B_11-24-2021%29_edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Davao_River_from_air_%28Davao_City%3B_11-24-2021%29_edit.jpg/240px-Davao_River_from_air_%28Davao_City%3B_11-24-2021%29_edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3552" data-file-height="2664" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Lungsod_ng_Dabaw" title="Lungsod ng Dabaw">Lungsod ng Dabaw</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Caloocan_Monumento_street-level_view_Dec_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Caloocan"><img alt="Caloocan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Caloocan_Monumento_street-level_view_Dec_2013.jpg/120px-Caloocan_Monumento_street-level_view_Dec_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Caloocan_Monumento_street-level_view_Dec_2013.jpg/180px-Caloocan_Monumento_street-level_view_Dec_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Caloocan_Monumento_street-level_view_Dec_2013.jpg/240px-Caloocan_Monumento_street-level_view_Dec_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Caloocan" title="Caloocan">Caloocan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Maynila" title="Maynila">Maynila</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kalakhang_Maynila" title="Kalakhang Maynila">NCR</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,780,148</td> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">12</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Dasmari%C3%B1as" title="Dasmariñas">Dasmariñas</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Calabarzon" title="Calabarzon">Rehiyong IV-A</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">659,019 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Lungsod_ng_Dabaw" title="Lungsod ng Dabaw">Lungsod ng Dabaw</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Rehiyon_ng_Davao" title="Rehiyon ng Davao">Rehiyong XI</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,632,991</td> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">13</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Valenzuela" title="Valenzuela">Valenzuela</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kalakhang_Maynila" title="Kalakhang Maynila">NCR</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">620,422 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Caloocan" title="Caloocan">Caloocan</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kalakhang_Maynila" title="Kalakhang Maynila">NCR</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,583,978</td> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">14</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bacoor" title="Bacoor">Bacoor</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Calabarzon" title="Calabarzon">Rehiyong IV-A</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">600,609 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Lungsod_ng_Cebu" title="Lungsod ng Cebu">Lungsod ng Cebu</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Gitnang_Kabisayaan" title="Gitnang Kabisayaan">Rehiyong VII</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">922,611</td> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">15</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Heneral_Santos" title="Heneral Santos">Heneral Santos</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Soccsksargen" title="Soccsksargen">Rehiyong XII</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">594,446 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Lungsod_ng_Zamboanga" title="Lungsod ng Zamboanga">Lungsod ng Zamboanga</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tangway_ng_Zamboanga" title="Tangway ng Zamboanga">Rehiyong IX</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">861,799</td> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">16</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Las_Pi%C3%B1as" title="Las Piñas">Las Piñas</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kalakhang_Maynila" title="Kalakhang Maynila">NCR</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">588,894 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Taguig" title="Taguig">Taguig</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kalakhang_Maynila" title="Kalakhang Maynila">NCR</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">804,915</td> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">17</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Makati" title="Makati">Makati</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kalakhang_Maynila" title="Kalakhang Maynila">NCR</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">582,602 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Antipolo" title="Antipolo">Antipolo</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Calabarzon" title="Calabarzon">Rehiyong IV-A</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">776,386</td> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">18</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/San_Jose_del_Monte" title="San Jose del Monte">San Jose del Monte</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Gitnang_Luzon" title="Gitnang Luzon">Rehiyong III</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">574,089 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Pasig" title="Pasig">Pasig</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kalakhang_Maynila" title="Kalakhang Maynila">NCR</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">755,300</td> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">19</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bacolod" title="Bacolod">Bacolod</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Rehiyon_ng_Pulo_ng_Negros" title="Rehiyon ng Pulo ng Negros">NIR</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">561,875 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cagayan_de_Oro" title="Cagayan de Oro">Cagayan de Oro</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hilagang_Mindanao" title="Hilagang Mindanao">Rehiyong X</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">675,950</td> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">20</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Muntinlupa" title="Muntinlupa">Muntinlupa</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kalakhang_Maynila" title="Kalakhang Maynila">NCR</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">504,509 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pangkat-tao">Pangkat-tao</h3></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/wiki/Mga_pangkat_etniko_sa_Pilipinas" title="Mga pangkat etniko sa Pilipinas">Mga pangkat etniko sa Pilipinas</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Philippine_ethnic_groups_per_province.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Philippine_ethnic_groups_per_province.PNG/220px-Philippine_ethnic_groups_per_province.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="365" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Philippine_ethnic_groups_per_province.PNG/330px-Philippine_ethnic_groups_per_province.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Philippine_ethnic_groups_per_province.PNG/440px-Philippine_ethnic_groups_per_province.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1883" data-file-height="3120" /></a><figcaption>Mga pangunahing pangkat etniko sa bawat lalawigan.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Ang_Aeta_at_Ang_Igorot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Ang_Aeta_at_Ang_Igorot.jpg/220px-Ang_Aeta_at_Ang_Igorot.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Ang_Aeta_at_Ang_Igorot.jpg/330px-Ang_Aeta_at_Ang_Igorot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Ang_Aeta_at_Ang_Igorot.jpg/440px-Ang_Aeta_at_Ang_Igorot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="946" /></a><figcaption>Ang mga katutubong <a href="/wiki/Mga_Aeta" title="Mga Aeta">Aeta</a> (itaas) at mga <a href="/wiki/Mga_Igorot" title="Mga Igorot">Igorot</a> (ibaba).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Subanen_-_Mount_Malindang.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Subanen_-_Mount_Malindang.jpg/220px-Subanen_-_Mount_Malindang.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Subanen_-_Mount_Malindang.jpg/330px-Subanen_-_Mount_Malindang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Subanen_-_Mount_Malindang.jpg/440px-Subanen_-_Mount_Malindang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2715" data-file-height="1810" /></a><figcaption>Ang mga Subanon ng <a href="/wiki/Tangway_ng_Zamboanga" title="Tangway ng Zamboanga">Zamboanga</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ayon sa pagtatala noong 2000, 28.1% ng mga Pilipino ay Tagalog, 13.1% ay Sebwano, 9% ay Ilokano, 7.6% ay Bisaya/Binisaya, 7.5% ay Hiligaynon, 6% ay Bikolano, 3.4% ay Waray, at ang nalalabing 25.3% ay kabilang sa iba pang mga pangkat,<sup id="cite_ref-CIAfactbook_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAfactbook-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PIF2009_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIF2009-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> na kinabibilangan ng mga <a href="/wiki/Moro_(Pilipinas)" title="Moro (Pilipinas)">Moro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kapampangan" class="mw-disambig" title="Kapampangan">Kapampangan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pangasinense" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Pangasinense">Pangasinense</a>, mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibanag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibanag (hindi pa naisusulat)">Ibanag</a> at mga <a href="/wiki/Ivatan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivatan">Ibatan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mayroon ding mga katutubong mga pangkat gaya ng mga <a href="/wiki/Igorot" class="mw-redirect" title="Igorot">Igorot</a>, mga <a href="/wiki/Lumad" title="Lumad">Lumad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mangyan" title="Mangyan">Mangyan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Badjao" title="Badjao">Badjao</a>, at mga pangkat-etniko ng Palawan. Ang mga <a href="/wiki/Mga_Negrito" title="Mga Negrito">Negrito</a>, gaya ng mga <a href="/wiki/Mga_Aeta" title="Mga Aeta">Aeta</a>, at ang mga <a href="/wiki/Mga_Ati_(Panay)" title="Mga Ati (Panay)">Ati</a>, ay itinuturing na mga kauna-unahang nanahan sa kapuluan.<sup id="cite_ref-Negritos_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Negritos-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kasama ang mga grupong minorya ng kabundukan, mga dayuhan at mga etnikong Pilipinong Moro ng Mindanao sa natitirang 10 porsiyento. Ang mga Aeta o Negrito na dating aktibo sa kapuluan ilang libong taon ang nakaraan, ay nagsipaglikas sa loob ng kagubatan at kabundukan. Ang kapalaran nila ay katulad din ng sa ibang grupong katutubo sa buong mundo tulad ng <a href="/wiki/Mga_katutubong_Australyano" class="mw-redirect" title="Mga katutubong Australyano">mga katutubong Australyano</a> at ang <a href="/wiki/Mga_katutubong_Amerikano" title="Mga katutubong Amerikano">mga katutubong Amerikano</a>. Marami sa kanila na napasanib at napahalo sa mga etnikong Malay-Pilipino o kaya'y napahiwalay bunga ng "sistematikong pag-aalis" noon. </p><p>Ayon sa tala ng pamahalaan ng Pilipinas at mga kasalukuyang datos ng senso, mga 95% ng mamamayan ay pangkat Malay, mga ninuno ng mga nandarayuhan mula sa Tangway ng Malaya at kapuluang Indonesya na dumating bago pa man ang panahong Kristiyano. Ang mga mestiso, na may halong lahing Pilipino-Kastila, <a href="/wiki/Pilipinong_Intsik" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilipinong Intsik">Pilipino-Tsino</a>, Pilipino-Hapones, <a href="/wiki/Pilipinong_Amerikano" title="Pilipinong Amerikano">Pilipino-Amerikano</a> o Kastila-Tsino (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tornatra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tornatra (hindi pa naisusulat)">Tornatra</a>) ay bumubuo ng isang maliit ngunit makapangyarihan na pangkat pagdating sa ekonomiya at pamahalaan. Mayroon ding maliliit na pamayanan ng mga dayuhan tulad ng Kastila, Amerikano, <a href="/wiki/Italya" title="Italya">Italyano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portuges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hapon" title="Hapon">Hapon</a>, Silangang <a href="/wiki/Indiya" title="Indiya">Indiyan</a>, at Arabo, at mga katutubong Negrito na nakatira sa mga malalayong pook at kabundukan. </p><p>Kabilang sa mga wikang banyaga sa Pilipinas ang <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Ingles" title="Wikang Ingles">Ingles</a>; (<a href="/wiki/Wikang_Mandarin" title="Wikang Mandarin">Mandarin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikang_Hokyen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikang Hokyen (hindi pa naisusulat)">Hokyen</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Kantones" title="Wikang Kantones">Kantones</a>); Ang <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Ingles" title="Wikang Ingles">Ingles</a>; <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Hapones" title="Wikang Hapones">Hapones</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikang_Hindu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikang Hindu (hindi pa naisusulat)">Hindu</a> ay mula sa mga kasapi ng pamayanan ng mga, Indiyan, mga Amerikano, ay mula sa kanilang, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Munting_Indiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Munting Indiya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Munting Indiya</a> o <i>LittleIndia</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pook_ng_korea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pook ng korea (hindi pa naisusulat)">pook ng korea</a> o <i>Koreatown</i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pook_ng_mga_Amerikano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pook ng mga Amerikano (hindi pa naisusulat)">pook ng mga Amerikano</a> o <i>Americantown</i> at mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Munting_Amerika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Munting Amerika (hindi pa naisusulat)">Munting Amerika</a> o <i>LittleAmerica</i> at paaralan kung saan ang wika ng pagtuturo ay ang paggamit ng dalawang wika na Mandarin/English; <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Arabe" title="Wikang Arabe">Arabe</a> sa mga kasapi ng pamayanang <a href="/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> o Moro; at <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Kastila" title="Wikang Kastila">Espanyol</a>, na pangunahing wika ng Pilipinas hanggang 1973, ay sinasalita ng tinatayang 3% ng mamamayan. Gayun pa man, ang tanging nabubuhay na wikang halong Asyatiko-Espanyol, na ang <a href="/wiki/Tsabakano" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsabakano">Tsabakano</a>, ay wika ng ilan sa timog-kanlurang bahagi ng bansa. </p><p>Mula 1939, sa pagsisikap na paigtingin ang pambansang pagkakaisa, pinalaganap ng pamahalaan ang paggamit ng opisyal na pambansang wika na ang <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Filipino" title="Wikang Filipino">Filipino</a> na <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> na batay sa <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Tagalog" title="Wikang Tagalog">Tagalog</a>. Itinuturo ang Filipino sa lahat ng paaralan at unti-unting tinatanggap ng taongbayan bilang pangalawang wika. Ang <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Ingles" title="Wikang Ingles">Ingles</a> naman ay ginagamit bilang pangalawang pangunahing wika at kadalasang maririnig sa talakayan ng pamahalaan, pag-aaral at pangkabuhayan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wika">Wika</h3></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/wiki/Mga_wika_sa_Pilipinas" title="Mga wika sa Pilipinas">Mga wika sa Pilipinas</a></div> <table class="wikitable sortable floatright" style="text-align:right; font-size:90%; background:white;"> <caption style="font-size:100%;">Bilang ng tao sa <a href="/wiki/Katutubong_wika" title="Katutubong wika">unang wika</a> (2010) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="text-align:left;">Wika </th> <th scope="col" style="text-align:center;" colspan="1">Mananalita </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left; background:initial;"><a href="/wiki/Wikang_Tagalog" title="Wikang Tagalog">Tagalog</a> </th> <td>22,512,089 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left; background:initial;"><a href="/wiki/Wikang_Sebwano" title="Wikang Sebwano">Sebwano</a> </th> <td>19,665,453 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left; background:initial;"><a href="/wiki/Wikang_Iloko" title="Wikang Iloko">Ilokano</a> </th> <td>8,074,536 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left; background:initial;"><a href="/wiki/Wikang_Hiligaynon" title="Wikang Hiligaynon">Hiligaynon</a> </th> <td>7,773,655 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left; background:initial;"><a href="/wiki/Wikang_Waray-Waray" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikang Waray-Waray">Waray</a> </th> <td>3,660,645 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left; background:initial;"><span class="nowrap"><i>Iba pang mga katutubong wika/diyalekto</i></span> </th> <td>24,027,005 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left; background:initial;"><span class="nowrap"><i>Iba pang mga dayuhang wika/diyalekto</i></span> </th> <td>78,862 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left; background:initial;"><span class="nowrap"><i>Hindi iniulat/hindi inihayag</i></span> </th> <td>6,450 </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom" style="border-top:double gray;"> <th scope="col" style="text-align:left;letter-spacing:0.02em;" colspan="1">KABUUAN </th> <th scope="col" style="text-align:right;">92,097,978 </th></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td style="font-style:italic;" colspan="2">Pinagkunan: Pangasiwaan ng Estadistika ng Pilipinas<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhilippine_Statistics_Authority201429–34_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhilippine_Statistics_Authority201429–34-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Ayon sa pinakabagong saliksik ng <a href="/wiki/Komisyon_sa_Wikang_Filipino" title="Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino">Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino</a> (KWF), mayroong 131 wikang buhay sa Pilipinas. Bahagi ang mga ito ng pangkat ng mga wikang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mga_wikang_Borneo-Pilipinas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mga wikang Borneo-Pilipinas (hindi pa naisusulat)">Borneo-Pilipinas</a> ng <a href="/wiki/Mga_wikang_Malayo-Polinesyo" title="Mga wikang Malayo-Polinesyo">mga wikang Malayo-Polinesyo</a>, na sangay ng mga <a href="/wiki/Mga_wikang_Austronesyo" title="Mga wikang Austronesyo">wikang Austronesyo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ethnol_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ethnol-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ayon sa <a href="/wiki/Saligang_Batas_ng_Pilipinas" title="Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas">Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas ng 1987</a>, ang <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Filipino" title="Wikang Filipino">Wikang Filipino</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Ingles" title="Wikang Ingles">Ingles</a> ang mga opisyal na wika. Ang Filipino ay ang wikang pambansa ng Pilipinas na ibinatay sa <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Tagalog" title="Wikang Tagalog">Tagalog</a> ngunit patuloy na nililinang at pinapagyayaman batay sa mga iba pang wika ng Pilipinas. Pangunahin itong sinasalita sa <a href="/wiki/Kalakhang_Maynila" title="Kalakhang Maynila">Kalakhang Maynila</a> at sa ibang mga rehiyong urban. Kapuwa ginagamit sa pamahalaan, edukasyon, pahayagan, telebisyon at negosyo ang wikang Filipino at Ingles. Nagtalaga ang saligang batas ng mga wikang rehiyonal gaya ng <a href="/wiki/Mga_wikang_Bikol" title="Mga wikang Bikol">Bikolano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Sebwano" title="Wikang Sebwano">Sebwano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Hiligaynon" title="Wikang Hiligaynon">Hiligaynon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Iloko" title="Wikang Iloko">Ilokano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Kapampangan" title="Wikang Kapampangan">Kapampangan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Pangasinan" title="Wikang Pangasinan">Pangasinan</a>, Tagalog, at <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Waray-Waray" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikang Waray-Waray">Waray</a> bilang katulong na opisyal na wika at iniuutos na ang <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Kastila" title="Wikang Kastila">Wikang Kastila</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Arabe" title="Wikang Arabe">Arabe</a> ay itaguyod nang kusa at opsiyonal.<sup id="cite_ref-OfficialLang_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OfficialLang-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pananampalataya">Pananampalataya</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Paoay_Church_Ilocos_Norte.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Paoay_Church_Ilocos_Norte.jpg/220px-Paoay_Church_Ilocos_Norte.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Paoay_Church_Ilocos_Norte.jpg/330px-Paoay_Church_Ilocos_Norte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Paoay_Church_Ilocos_Norte.jpg/440px-Paoay_Church_Ilocos_Norte.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3799" data-file-height="2279" /></a><figcaption>Simbahan ng Paoay</figcaption></figure> <p>Ang Pilipinas ay <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estadong_sekular&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estadong sekular (hindi pa naisusulat)">bansang sekular</a> na may saligang batas na naghihiwalay sa simbahan at estado. Subalit, ang mahigit sa 80% ng populasyon ay Kristiyano: ang karamihan ay mga <a href="/wiki/Katoliko_Romano" class="mw-redirect" title="Katoliko Romano">Katoliko</a> samantalang ang 10% ng mga Pilipino ay kasapi sa ibang denominasyong Kristiyano, gaya ng <a href="/wiki/Iglesia_ni_Cristo" title="Iglesia ni Cristo">Iglesia ni Cristo</a>, ang mga kaanib sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iglesia_ng_Dios_o_Dating_Daan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iglesia ng Dios o Dating Daan (hindi pa naisusulat)">Iglesia ng Dios o Dating Daan</a>, ang <a href="/wiki/Iglesia_Filipina_Independiente" title="Iglesia Filipina Independiente">Iglesia Filipina Independiente</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ang_Nagkaisang_Iglesia_ni_Cristo_sa_Pilipinas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ang Nagkaisang Iglesia ni Cristo sa Pilipinas (hindi pa naisusulat)">Ang Nagkaisang Iglesia ni Cristo sa Pilipinas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sabadista" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabadista">Sabadista</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Born_Again_Groups&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Born Again Groups (hindi pa naisusulat)">Born Again Groups</a> at ang <a href="/wiki/Mga_Saksi_ni_Jehova" title="Mga Saksi ni Jehova">Mga Saksi ni Jehova</a>. Sa kabila ng mga relihiyong ito, hindi dapat mawala ang ating pananalig sa Panginoong Diyos.<sup id="cite_ref-2006census_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006census-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bunga ng impluwensiya ng kulturang Kastila, ang Pilipinas ay isa sa dalawang bansa sa Asya na may pinakamaraming Katoliko, na sinundan ng <a href="/wiki/Silangang_Timor" title="Silangang Timor">Silangang Timor</a>, isang dating kolonya ng <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>. </p><p>Ayon sa Pambansang Komisyon sa mga Pilipinong Muslim noong 2012, tinatayang nasa 11% ng mga Pilipino ang naniniwala sa <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, na ang karamihan sa mga ito ay mga <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a>. Sa katunayan, ang karamihan ng mga taga-katimugang Pilipinas ay mga Muslim. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pag-aaral">Pag-aaral</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:UST_mainjf22.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/UST_mainjf22.JPG/220px-UST_mainjf22.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/UST_mainjf22.JPG/330px-UST_mainjf22.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/UST_mainjf22.JPG/440px-UST_mainjf22.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Ang <a href="/wiki/Pamantasan_ng_Santo_Tomas" class="mw-redirect" title="Pamantasan ng Santo Tomas">Pamantasan ng Santo Tomas</a>, na itinatag noong 1611, ay ang pinakamatandang pamantasan sa Asya.</figcaption></figure> <p>Iniulat ng Tanggapan ng Pambansang tagatala ng Pilipinas na ang payak na kamuwangan ng Pilipinas ay nasa 93.4% at ang nagagamit na kamuwangan ay nasa 84.1% noong 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-CIAfactbook_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAfactbook-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-quickstat_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quickstat-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UN_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Halos pantay ang kamuwangan ng mga babae at lalaki.<sup id="cite_ref-CIAfactbook_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAfactbook-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang paggastos sa pag-aaral ay nasa tinatayang 2.5% ng GDP.<sup id="cite_ref-CIAfactbook_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAfactbook-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ayon sa <a href="/wiki/Kagawaran_ng_Edukasyon_(Pilipinas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kagawaran ng Edukasyon (Pilipinas)">Kagawaran ng Edukasyon</a>, 44,846 na mababang paaralan at 10,384 na mataas na paaralan ang nakatala para sa taong pampaaralan ng 2009-2010<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> samantalang itinala ng <a href="/wiki/Komisyon_sa_Lalong_Mataas_na_Edukasyon_(Pilipinas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Komisyon sa Lalong Mataas na Edukasyon (Pilipinas)">Komisyon sa Lalong Mataas na Edukasyon</a> o CHED na may 2,180 na mga institusyong pag-aaral, ang 607 dito ay pampubliko at ang 1,573 ay mga pribado.<sup id="cite_ref-CHED_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CHED-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>May ilang mga sangay ng pamahalaan ang kasama sa pag-aaral. Ang Kagawaran ng Edukasyon ang nakasasakop sa mababang paaralan, pangalawang mataas na paaralan, at mga hindi pormal na edukasyon; ang <a href="/wiki/Pangasiwaan_sa_Edukasyong_Teknikal_at_Pagpapaunlad_ng_Kasanayan" title="Pangasiwaan sa Edukasyong Teknikal at Pagpapaunlad ng Kasanayan">Pangasiwaan sa Edukasyong Teknikal at Pagpapaunlad ng Kasanayan</a> o TESDA ang namamahala sa mga pag-aaral sa pagsasanay at pagpapaunlad pagkatapos ng pangalawang mataas na paaralan; at ang Komisyon sa Lalong Mataas na Edukasyon ang nangangasiwa sa mga dalubhasaan at pamantasan at nag-aayos ng mga pamantayan sa lalong mataas na pag-aaral.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kalinangan_at_kaugalian">Kalinangan at kaugalian</h2></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/wiki/Kultura_ng_Pilipinas" title="Kultura ng Pilipinas">Kultura ng Pilipinas</a></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Tingnan din: <a href="/wiki/Musika_ng_Pilipinas" title="Musika ng Pilipinas">Musika ng Pilipinas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lutuing_Pilipino" title="Lutuing Pilipino">Lutuing Pilipino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaugaliang_Pilipino" title="Kaugaliang Pilipino">Kaugaliang Pilipino</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Panitikan_sa_Pilipinas" title="Panitikan sa Pilipinas">Panitikan sa Pilipinas</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:SAYAWIKA_TINIKLING_1.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/SAYAWIKA_TINIKLING_1.gif/170px-SAYAWIKA_TINIKLING_1.gif" decoding="async" width="170" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/SAYAWIKA_TINIKLING_1.gif/255px-SAYAWIKA_TINIKLING_1.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/SAYAWIKA_TINIKLING_1.gif/340px-SAYAWIKA_TINIKLING_1.gif 2x" data-file-width="716" data-file-height="782" /></a><figcaption>Mga mananayaw ng <a href="/wiki/Tinikling" title="Tinikling">Tinikling</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Oldest_House_in_Ivatan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Oldest_House_in_Ivatan.jpg/220px-Oldest_House_in_Ivatan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Oldest_House_in_Ivatan.jpg/330px-Oldest_House_in_Ivatan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Oldest_House_in_Ivatan.jpg/440px-Oldest_House_in_Ivatan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3015" data-file-height="2412" /></a><figcaption>Ang batong bahay ng mga <a href="/wiki/Ivatan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivatan">Ibatan</a> sa <a href="/wiki/Batanes" title="Batanes">Batanes</a>. Isang magandang halimbawa ng arkitekturang Pilipino. Ang bahay ay gawa sa apog at <a href="/wiki/Sagay" title="Sagay">sagay</a> habang ang bubong nito'y sa <a href="/wiki/Kugon" title="Kugon">kugon</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Indak-indak_sa_Kadalanan_06.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Indak-indak_sa_Kadalanan_06.JPG/220px-Indak-indak_sa_Kadalanan_06.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Indak-indak_sa_Kadalanan_06.JPG/330px-Indak-indak_sa_Kadalanan_06.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Indak-indak_sa_Kadalanan_06.JPG/440px-Indak-indak_sa_Kadalanan_06.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1616" data-file-height="1012" /></a><figcaption>Ang pista ng <a href="/wiki/Kadayawan" title="Kadayawan">Kadayawan</a> sa <a href="/wiki/Lungsod_ng_Dabaw" title="Lungsod ng Dabaw">lungsod ng Dabaw</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Tinolalunch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Tinolalunch.jpg/150px-Tinolalunch.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Tinolalunch.jpg/225px-Tinolalunch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Tinolalunch.jpg/300px-Tinolalunch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="1656" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tinola" title="Tinola">Tinola</a>, ang pagkaing kilala na binanggit sa nobelang <i><a href="/wiki/Noli_Me_T%C3%A1ngere" class="mw-redirect" title="Noli Me Tángere">Noli Me Tangere</a></i> (Huwag Mo Akong Salingin) ni José Rizal.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sa buong kasaysayan ng Pilipinas, walang ni isang tanging pambansang pagkakakilanlang o pangkaugalian na nahubog. Sa isang bahagi, ito ay dahil marahil sa napakaraming wikang ginagamit sa buong kapuluan na tinatantiyang nasa 80, bukod pa sa mga wika nito. Ang pagkakabukod-bukod ng mga magkakaratig na barangay o mga pulo ay nakadagdag din sa pagkawalang pagkakaisa sa pagkakakilanlan. </p><p>Sa pagdating ng mga Kastila, tumawag ang mga tagakalat pananampalatayang Katoliko ng mga katutubo para maging tagasalin, nakapaglikha ng mga dalawa ang wikang ginagamit na uri, ang mga Ladinos. Ang mga ito, tulad ng tanyag na makatang si <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaspar_Aquino_de_Belen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaspar Aquino de Belen (hindi pa naisusulat)">Gaspar Aquino de Belen</a>, ay lumikha ng mga tula ng kabanalan na isinulat sa titik Romano, kalimitan sa wikang Tagalog. Ang <a href="/wiki/Pasyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasyon">pasyon</a> ay isang pagsasalaysay ng simbuyo, pagkamatay at muling pagkabuhay ni Hesukristo na sinimulan ni Gaspar Aquino de Belen. Umusbong din ang mga panitikang (hindi-relihiyoso) na binase sa mga korido, mga baladang Kastila ng kabalyero. Ang mga salaysay na berso, o ang komedya, ay ginanap sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mga_wikang_pang-kabahagian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mga wikang pang-kabahagian (hindi pa naisusulat)">mga wikang pang-kabahagian</a> para sa mga (di nakakabasa o nakakasulat). Nasulat din ang mga ito sa abakadang Romano ng mga pangunahin na wika at kumalat. </p><p>Sa karagdagan, ang panitikan o panitikang klasikal (<a href="/wiki/Jose_Rizal" class="mw-redirect" title="Jose Rizal">Jose Rizal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Paterno" title="Pedro Paterno">Pedro Paterno</a>) at mga kasulatan ng kasaysayan (pambansang awit, <i>Constitución Política de Malolos</i>), ay nasa sa Espanyol, na hindi na pangunahing wika ngayon. Ang mga manunulat na Pilipino, tulad ni <a href="/wiki/Claro_M._Recto" title="Claro M. Recto">Claro M. Recto</a> ay nagpatuloy sa pagsusulat sa wikang Espanyol hanggang 1946. </p><p>Ang Pilipinas ay bayan ng maraming bayani. Sinasabing si <a href="/wiki/Lapu-Lapu" class="mw-redirect" title="Lapu-Lapu">Lapu-Lapu</a> ng pulo ng <a href="/wiki/Mactan" title="Mactan">Mactan</a> ang unang pumigil sa paglusob kanluranin at ang pumatay kay Fernando Magallanes. Si <a href="/wiki/Jose_Rizal" class="mw-redirect" title="Jose Rizal">Jose Rizal</a> (ipinanganak noong ika-19 ng ika-6 na buwan ng 1896 sa bayan ng <a href="/wiki/Calamba,_Laguna" title="Calamba, Laguna">Calamba, Laguna</a>), ipinagmamalaki ng Lahing Malay, Pambansang Bayani ng Pilipinas, 22 wika ang alam: Arabe, Katalan, Tsino, Ingles, Pranses, Aleman, Griyego, Ebreo, Italyano, Hapones, Latin, Malay, Portuges, Ruso, Sanskrito, Espanyol, Tagalog at iba pang katutubong wika; siya ay naging tagaguhit ng mga gusali, tagapagtanghal, nakikipagkalakal, tagaguhit ng karikatyur, guro, ekonomista, etnolohista, siyentipikong magsasaka, bihasa sa kasaysayan, imbentor, peryodista, dalubhasa sa wika, bihasa sa awit, mitolohista, makabayan, naturalista, nobelista, siruhano sa mata, makata, propagandista, sikolohista, siyentista, manlililok, sosyolohista, at teologo. Pilipino ang unang Asyatikong Kalihim-Heneral ng Asamblea Heneral ng <a href="/wiki/Mga_nagkakaisang_Bansa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mga nagkakaisang Bansa">Mga nagkakaisang Bansa</a> (UN) – si Carlos Peña Romulo. </p><p>Itinuturing na <a href="/wiki/Pandaigdigang_Pamanang_Pook" title="Pandaigdigang Pamanang Pook">Pandaigdigang Pamanang Pook</a> ang mga Barokeng Simbahan ng Pilipinas at ang Makasaysayang Bayan ng <a href="/wiki/Vigan" title="Vigan">Vigan</a>. Kabilang sana rito ang <a href="/wiki/Intramuros" title="Intramuros">Intramuros</a> ngunit nawasak ito matapos ang <a href="/wiki/Ikalawang_Digmaang_Pandaigdig" title="Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig">Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig</a>. Isa ring Pandaigdigang Pamanang Pook ang mga Hagdan-hagdang Palayan o <b>Pay-yo</b> ng <a href="/wiki/Rehiyong_Pampangasiwaan_ng_Cordillera" class="mw-redirect" title="Rehiyong Pampangasiwaan ng Cordillera">Kordilyera</a>, na kinikilala ring ikawalong nakakahangang-yaman ng daigdig. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Midya">Midya</h4></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Mga pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/wiki/Pelikulang_Pilipino" title="Pelikulang Pilipino">Pelikulang Pilipino</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Telebisyon_sa_Pilipinas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telebisyon sa Pilipinas (hindi pa naisusulat)">Telebisyon sa Pilipinas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radyo_sa_Pilipinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Radyo sa Pilipinas">Radyo sa Pilipinas</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Teleserye" title="Teleserye">Teleserye</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Lino_Brocka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/tl/thumb/7/77/Lino_Brocka.jpg/200px-Lino_Brocka.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/tl/7/77/Lino_Brocka.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="313" /></a><figcaption>Si <a href="/wiki/Lino_Brocka" title="Lino Brocka">Lino Brocka</a>, isang <a href="/wiki/Pambansang_Alagad_ng_Sining_ng_Pilipinas" title="Pambansang Alagad ng Sining ng Pilipinas">Pambansang Alagad ng Sining ng Pilipinas</a> sa larangan ng pelikula.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ang pangunahing wika na ginagamit sa midya sa Pilipinas ay ang <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Filipino" title="Wikang Filipino">Filipino</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Ingles" title="Wikang Ingles">Ingles</a>, bagama't ang pagsasahimpapawid ay lumipat sa Wikang Filipino.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown-Ganguly-2003_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown-Ganguly-2003-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ginagamit din naman ang ibang mga wika sa Pilipinas, lalo na sa mga radyo dahil sa kakayahan nitong maabot ang mga malalayong pook na maaaring hindi kayang maabot ng ibang uri ng midya. Ang <a href="/wiki/Lupon_sa_Rebyu_at_Klasipikasyon_ng_Pelikula_at_Telebisyon" title="Lupon sa Rebyu at Klasipikasyon ng Pelikula at Telebisyon">Lupon sa Rebyu at Klasipikasyon ng Pelikula at Telebisyon</a> ang namamahala ng mga palabas sa telebisyon, patalastas, at pelikula sa Pilipinas.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Karamihan sa mga Pilipino ay nakakakuha ng mga balita at impormasyon mula sa telebisyon, Internet, at <a href="/wiki/Hatirang_pangmadla" title="Hatirang pangmadla">hatirang pangmadla</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CNNPH-SWSFacebook_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNNPH-SWSFacebook-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang <i>flagship state-owned broadcast-television network ng</i> bansa ay ang <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Television_Network" title="People's Television Network">People's Television Network</a> (PTV). Ang mga pangunahing himpilang pantelebisyon sa Pilipinas naman ay ang <a href="/wiki/ABS-CBN" title="ABS-CBN">ABS-CBN</a>, <a href="/wiki/GMA_Network" title="GMA Network">GMA</a> at <a href="/wiki/TV5_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="TV5 (Philippines)">TV5</a> na may malawak din na serbisyong panradyo.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_Pilipinas_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_Pilipinas-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ang industriya ng aliwan o tinatawag na <i>showbiz</i> ay makulay at nagbibigay laman sa mga <a href="/wiki/Listahan_ng_mga_peryodiko_sa_Pilipinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Listahan ng mga peryodiko sa Pilipinas">pahayagan at peryodiko</a> ng mga detalye tungkol sa mga <a href="/wiki/Talaan_ng_mga_artista_sa_Pilipinas" title="Talaan ng mga artista sa Pilipinas">artista</a>. Tinatangkilik din ang mga <a href="/wiki/Teleserye" title="Teleserye">teleserye</a> gaya rin ng mga telenobelang Latino, Asyano (partikular ang mga dramang Koreano) at mga <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a>. Ang mga pang-umagang palabas ay pinangingibabawan ng mga <i>game shows</i>, <i>variety shows</i>, at mga <i>talk shows</i> gaya ng <i><a href="/wiki/Eat_Bulaga" class="mw-redirect" title="Eat Bulaga">Eat Bulaga</a></i> at <i><a href="/wiki/Showtime" class="mw-redirect" title="Showtime">It's Showtime</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ratings_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ratings-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tanyag din ang mga <a href="/wiki/Pelikulang_Pilipino" title="Pelikulang Pilipino">Pelikulang Pilipino</a> at mayroong mahabang kasaysayan, subalit nahaharap sa matinding kompetensiya mula sa mga pelikulang banyaga. Kabilang sa mga pinagpipitagang direktor si <a href="/wiki/Lino_Brocka" title="Lino Brocka">Lino Brocka</a> para sa pelikulang <i><a href="/wiki/Maynila,_sa_mga_Kuko_ng_Liwanag" title="Maynila, sa mga Kuko ng Liwanag">Maynila, sa mga Kuko ng Liwanag</a></i>. Sa mga nakalipas na mga taon nagiging pangkaraniwan ang paglilipat-lipat ng mga artista mula sa telebisyon at pelikula at pagkatapos ay ang pagpasok sa politika na pumupukaw ng pangamba.<sup id="cite_ref-Celebrity_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Celebrity-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tingnan_din">Tingnan din</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balangkas_ng_Pilipinas" title="Balangkas ng Pilipinas">Balangkas ng Pilipinas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talaan_ng_mga_temang_may_kaugnayan_sa_Pilipinas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talaan ng mga temang may kaugnayan sa Pilipinas (hindi pa naisusulat)">Talaan ng mga temang may kaugnayan sa Pilipinas</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_sanggunian">Mga sanggunian</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2121818">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2132731">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150317015900/http://www.gov.ph/ang-pilipinas/">"Archive copy"</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.ph/ang-pilipinas">orihinal</a> noong 2015-03-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2017-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archive+copy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.ph%2Fang-pilipinas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIAfactbook-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CIAfactbook_2-0">2.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CIAfactbook_2-1">2.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CIAfactbook_2-2">2.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CIAfactbook_2-3">2.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CIAfactbook_2-4">2.4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CIAfactbook_2-5">2.5</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CIAfactbook_2-6">2.6</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CIAfactbook_2-7">2.7</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CIAfactbook_2-8">2.8</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFCentral_Intelligence_Agency.2009" class="citation web cs1">Central Intelligence Agency. (2009-10-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150719222229/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rp.html">"Silangan at Timog-Silangang Asya :: Pilipinas"</a>. <i>The World Factbook</i>. Washington, DC: Author. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rp.html">orihinal</a> noong 2015-07-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2009-11-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Silangan+at+Timog-Silangang+Asya+%3A%3A+Pilipinas&rft.date=2009-10-28&rft.au=Central+Intelligence+Agency.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Frp.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wb-gini-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-wb-gini_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/">"Gini Index"</a>. World Bank<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2 Marso</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gini+Index&rft.pub=World+Bank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSI.POV.GINI%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2019.pdf">"Human Development Report 2019"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. United Nations Development Programme. 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">9 Disyembre</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2019&rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft.date=2019&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fhdr2019.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFLucas,_Brian2005" class="citation web cs1">Lucas, Brian (Agosto 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brianlucas.ca/roadside/">"Which side of the road do they drive on?"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">22 Pebrero</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Which+side+of+the+road+do+they+drive+on%3F&rft.date=2005-08&rft.au=Lucas%2C+Brian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brianlucas.ca%2Froadside%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFCudis2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cudis, Christine (27 Disyembre 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1163852">"PH 2021 population growth lowest in 7 decades"</a>. <i>Philippine News Agency</i> (sa wikang Ingles)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">13 Agosto</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Philippine+News+Agency&rft.atitle=PH+2021+population+growth+lowest+in+7+decades&rft.date=2021-12-27&rft.aulast=Cudis&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pna.gov.ph%2Farticles%2F1163852&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170625191553/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/1973-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines-2/">"1973 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines"</a>. <i>Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines</i> (sa wikang Ingles). 17 Enero 1973. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/1973-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines-2/">orihinal</a> noong 25 Hunyo 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">15 Agosto</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Official+Gazette+of+the+Republic+of+the+Philippines&rft.atitle=1973+Constitution+of+the+Republic+of+the+Philippines&rft.date=1973-01-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.officialgazette.gov.ph%2Fconstitutions%2F1973-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0072-8">Ingicco et al. 2018</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFDétroitDizonFalguèresHameau2004" class="citation journal cs1">Détroit, Florent; Dizon, Eusebio; Falguères, Christophe; Hameau, Sébastien; Ronquillo, Wilfredo; Sémah, François (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150218164554/http://fdetroit.free.fr/IMG/pdf/Detroit_etal_04_Tabon2.pdf">"Upper Pleistocene <i>Homo sapiens</i> from the Tabon cave (Palawan, The Philippines): description and dating of new discoveries"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Human Palaeontology and Prehistory</i>. <b>3</b> (2004). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsevier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elsevier (hindi pa naisusulat)">Elsevier</a>: 705–712. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004CRPal...3..705D">2004CRPal...3..705D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Malayang makukuha"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.crpv.2004.06.004">10.1016/j.crpv.2004.06.004</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1631-0683">1631-0683</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fdetroit.free.fr/IMG/pdf/Detroit_etal_04_Tabon2.pdf">orihinal</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> noong 18 Pebrero 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">9 Mayo</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Palaeontology+and+Prehistory&rft.atitle=Upper+Pleistocene+Homo+sapiens+from+the+Tabon+cave+%28Palawan%2C+The+Philippines%29%3A+description+and+dating+of+new+discoveries&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2004&rft.pages=705-712&rft.date=2004&rft.issn=1631-0683&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.crpv.2004.06.004&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2004CRPal...3..705D&rft.aulast=D%C3%A9troit&rft.aufirst=Florent&rft.au=Dizon%2C+Eusebio&rft.au=Falgu%C3%A8res%2C+Christophe&rft.au=Hameau%2C+S%C3%A9bastien&rft.au=Ronquillo%2C+Wilfredo&rft.au=S%C3%A9mah%2C+Fran%C3%A7ois&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffdetroit.free.fr%2FIMG%2Fpdf%2FDetroit_etal_04_Tabon2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFWing2015" class="citation book cs1">Wing, J.T. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7dQuBgAAQBAJ"><i>Roots of Empire: Forests and State Power in Early Modern Spain, c.1500–1750</i></a>. Brill's Series in the History of the Environment. Brill. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=7dQuBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA109">109</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-90-04-26137-2" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-90-04-26137-2"><bdi>978-90-04-26137-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240128213911/https://books.google.com/books?id=7dQuBgAAQBAJ">Inarkibo</a> mula sa orihinal noong 28 Enero 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">8 Mayo</span> 2024</span>. <q>At the time of Miguel López de Legazpi's voyage in 1564-5, the Philippines were not a unified polity or nation.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roots+of+Empire%3A+Forests+and+State+Power+in+Early+Modern+Spain%2C+c.1500%E2%80%931750&rft.series=Brill%27s+Series+in+the+History+of+the+Environment&rft.pages=109&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-90-04-26137-2&rft.aulast=Wing&rft.aufirst=J.T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7dQuBgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFRankin1943" class="citation report cs1">Rankin, Karl L. (25 Nobyembre 1943). "Introduction". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170629000417/https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1943v03/d984">Document 984</a> (Ulat). Foreign Relations of the United States: Diplomatic Papers, 1943, The British Commonwealth, Eastern Europe, the Far East. Bol. III. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_the_Historian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Office of the Historian (hindi pa naisusulat)">Office of the Historian</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1943v03/d984">orihinal</a> noong 29 Hunyo 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">9 Mayo</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Document+984&rft.series=Foreign+Relations+of+the+United+States%3A+Diplomatic+Papers%2C+1943%2C+The+British+Commonwealth%2C+Eastern+Europe%2C+the+Far+East&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Historian&rft.date=1943-11-25&rft.aulast=Rankin&rft.aufirst=Karl+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.state.gov%2Fhistoricaldocuments%2Ffrus1943v03%2Fd984&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Timberman-1991-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Timberman-1991_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFTimberman1991" class="citation book cs1">Timberman, David G. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NkBO2RhI4NUC"><i>A Changeless Land: Continuity and Change in Philippine Politics</i></a>. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-981-3035-86-7" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-981-3035-86-7"><bdi>978-981-3035-86-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230218094758/https://books.google.com/books?id=NkBO2RhI4NUC">Inarkibo</a> mula sa orihinal noong 18 Pebrero 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">8 Mayo</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Changeless+Land%3A+Continuity+and+Change+in+Philippine+Politics&rft.place=Armonk%2C+N.Y.&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-981-3035-86-7&rft.aulast=Timberman&rft.aufirst=David+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNkBO2RhI4NUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFHastedt2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hastedt, Glenn P. (1 Enero 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9HpR1b5zZxwC">"Philippines"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia of American Foreign Policy</i> (sa wikang Ingles). New York, N.Y.: Facts On File. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9HpR1b5zZxwC&pg=392">392</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-1-4381-0989-3" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-1-4381-0989-3"><bdi>978-1-4381-0989-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230510063237/https://books.google.com/books?id=9HpR1b5zZxwC">Inarkibo</a> mula sa orihinal noong 10 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">8 Mayo</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Philippines&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+American+Foreign+Policy&rft.place=New+York%2C+N.Y.&rft.pages=392&rft.pub=Facts+On+File&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.isbn=978-1-4381-0989-3&rft.aulast=Hastedt&rft.aufirst=Glenn+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9HpR1b5zZxwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFLearyEllisMadlener1984" class="citation report cs1">Leary, Virginia A.; Ellis, A. A.; Madlener, Kurt (1984). "Chapter 1: An Overview of Human Rights". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140329103100/https://www.icj.org/wp-content/uploads/1984/01/Philippines-human-rights-mission-report-1984-eng.pdf">The Philippines: Human Rights After Martial Law: Report of a Mission</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Ulat). Geneva, Suwisa: <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Commission_of_Jurists&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Commission of Jurists (hindi pa naisusulat)">International Commission of Jurists</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-92-9037-023-9" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-92-9037-023-9"><bdi>978-92-9037-023-9</bdi></a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icj.org/wp-content/uploads/1984/01/Philippines-human-rights-mission-report-1984-eng.pdf">orihinal</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> noong 29 Marso 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">8 Mayo</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=The+Philippines%3A+Human+Rights+After+Martial+Law%3A+Report+of+a+Mission&rft.place=Geneva%2C+Suwisa&rft.pub=International+Commission+of+Jurists&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-92-9037-023-9&rft.aulast=Leary&rft.aufirst=Virginia+A.&rft.au=Ellis%2C+A.+A.&rft.au=Madlener%2C+Kurt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icj.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F1984%2F01%2FPhilippines-human-rights-mission-report-1984-eng.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFvan_Erven1992" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">van Erven, Eugène (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mWe8mLteIigC"><i>The Playful Revolution: Theatre and Liberation in Asia</i></a> (sa wikang Ingles). Bloomington, Ind.: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indiana University Press (hindi pa naisusulat)">Indiana University Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mWe8mLteIigC&pg=PA35">35</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-0-253-20729-6" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-0-253-20729-6"><bdi>978-0-253-20729-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306103527/https://books.google.com/books?id=mWe8mLteIigC">Inarkibo</a> mula sa orihinal noong 6 Marso 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">8 Mayo</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Playful+Revolution%3A+Theatre+and+Liberation+in+Asia&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+Ind.&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-253-20729-6&rft.aulast=van+Erven&rft.aufirst=Eug%C3%A8ne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmWe8mLteIigC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFKang2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_C._Kang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David C. Kang (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kang, David C.</a> (24 Enero 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=im465FAopWMC"><i>Crony Capitalism: Corruption and Development in South Korea and the Philippines</i></a> (sa wikang Ingles). Cambridge, England: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambridge University Press (hindi pa naisusulat)">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=im465FAopWMC&pg=PA140">140</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-0-521-00408-4" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-0-521-00408-4"><bdi>978-0-521-00408-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306103527/https://books.google.com/books?id=im465FAopWMC">Inarkibo</a> mula sa orihinal noong 6 Marso 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">8 Mayo</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crony+Capitalism%3A+Corruption+and+Development+in+South+Korea+and+the+Philippines&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+England&rft.pages=140&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002-01-24&rft.isbn=978-0-521-00408-4&rft.aulast=Kang&rft.aufirst=David+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dim465FAopWMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KaiFrancisco20160922-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-KaiFrancisco20160922_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFFrancisco2016" class="citation news cs1">Francisco, Katerina (22 Setyembre 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/146939-martial-law-explainer-victims-stories">"Martial Law, the dark chapter in Philippine history"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rappler" title="Rappler">Rappler</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160923155126/https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/146939-martial-law-explainer-victims-stories">Inarkibo</a> mula sa orihinal noong 23 Setyembre 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">8 Mayo</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rappler&rft.atitle=Martial+Law%2C+the+dark+chapter+in+Philippine+history&rft.date=2016-09-22&rft.aulast=Francisco&rft.aufirst=Katerina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fnewsbreak%2Fiq%2F146939-martial-law-explainer-victims-stories&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Manapat1991-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Manapat1991_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFManapat1991" class="citation book cs1">Manapat, Ricardo (1991). <i>Some are smarter than others: the history of Marcos' crony capitalism</i>. New York: Aletheia Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/9719128704" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/9719128704"><bdi>9719128704</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/28428684">28428684</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Some+are+smarter+than+others%3A+the+history+of+Marcos%27+crony+capitalism&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Aletheia+Publications&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F28428684&rft.isbn=9719128704&rft.aulast=Manapat&rft.aufirst=Ricardo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFSarDesai2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">SarDesai, D. R. (4 Disyembre 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yjNWDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT206"><i>Southeast Asia: Past and Present</i></a> (sa wikang Ingles) (ika-7th (na) edisyon). Westview Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-0-8133-4838-4" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-0-8133-4838-4"><bdi>978-0-8133-4838-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306103527/https://books.google.com/books?id=yjNWDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT206">Inarkibo</a> mula sa orihinal noong 6 Marso 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">8 Mayo</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southeast+Asia%3A+Past+and+Present&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=2012-12-04&rft.isbn=978-0-8133-4838-4&rft.aulast=SarDesai&rft.aufirst=D.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyjNWDgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT206&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFVogl2016" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vogl, Frank (Setyembre 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hBCMTGiVBYMC"><i>Waging War on Corruption: Inside the Movement Fighting the Abuse of Power</i></a> (sa wikang Ingles). Boulder, Colo.: Rowman & Littlefield. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hBCMTGiVBYMC&pg=PA60">60</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-1-4422-1853-6" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-1-4422-1853-6"><bdi>978-1-4422-1853-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306103527/https://books.google.com/books?id=hBCMTGiVBYMC">Inarkibo</a> mula sa orihinal noong 6 Marso 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">8 Mayo</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Waging+War+on+Corruption%3A+Inside+the+Movement+Fighting+the+Abuse+of+Power&rft.place=Boulder%2C+Colo.&rft.pages=60&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2016-09&rft.isbn=978-1-4422-1853-6&rft.aulast=Vogl&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhBCMTGiVBYMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFRaquiza2013" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Raquiza, Antoinette R. (17 Hunyo 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g5bkhjFAzyMC"><i>State Structure, Policy Formation, and Economic Development in Southeast Asia: The Political Economy of Thailand and the Philippines</i></a>. Routledge Studies in the Growth Economies of Asia (sa wikang Ingles). Londres, Inglatera: Routledge. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g5bkhjFAzyMC&pg=PA40">40–41</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-1-136-50502-7" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-1-136-50502-7"><bdi>978-1-136-50502-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240203074317/https://books.google.com/books?id=g5bkhjFAzyMC">Inarkibo</a> mula sa orihinal noong 3 Pebrero 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">8 Mayo</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=State+Structure%2C+Policy+Formation%2C+and+Economic+Development+in+Southeast+Asia%3A+The+Political+Economy+of+Thailand+and+the+Philippines&rft.place=Londres%2C+Inglatera&rft.series=Routledge+Studies+in+the+Growth+Economies+of+Asia&rft.pages=40-41&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-06-17&rft.isbn=978-1-136-50502-7&rft.aulast=Raquiza&rft.aufirst=Antoinette+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg5bkhjFAzyMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFQuinn-Judge1983" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Quinn-Judge, Paul (7 Setyembre 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150908131731/https://www.csmonitor.com/1983/0907/090742.html">"Assassination of Aquino linked to power struggle for successor to Marcos"</a>. <i>The Christian Science Monitor</i> (sa wikang Ingles). Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csmonitor.com/1983/0907/090742.html">orihinal</a> noong 8 Setyembre 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2 Setyembre</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=Assassination+of+Aquino+linked+to+power+struggle+for+successor+to+Marcos&rft.date=1983-09-07&rft.aulast=Quinn-Judge&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2F1983%2F0907%2F090742.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LATimes-3DayRevolution-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-LATimes-3DayRevolution_23-0">23.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-LATimes-3DayRevolution_23-1">23.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFFineman1986" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Fineman, Mark (27 Pebrero 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200825042718/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-02-27-mn-12085-story.html">"The 3-Day Revolution: How Marcos Was Toppled"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i> (sa wikang Ingles). Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-02-27-mn-12085-story.html">orihinal</a> noong 25 Agosto 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2 Setyembre</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=The+3-Day+Revolution%3A+How+Marcos+Was+Toppled&rft.date=1986-02-27&rft.aulast=Fineman&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1986-02-27-mn-12085-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFBurgess1986" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Burgess, John (21 Abril 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20230212085658/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1986/04/21/not-all-filipinos-glad-marcos-is-out/d90b949f-da34-410a-be2e-95056958bcb2/">"Not All Filipinos Glad Marcos Is Out"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i> (sa wikang Ingles). Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1986/04/21/not-all-filipinos-glad-marcos-is-out/d90b949f-da34-410a-be2e-95056958bcb2/">orihinal</a> noong 12 Pebrero 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2 Setyembre</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Not+All+Filipinos+Glad+Marcos+Is+Out&rft.date=1986-04-21&rft.aulast=Burgess&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1986%2F04%2F21%2Fnot-all-filipinos-glad-marcos-is-out%2Fd90b949f-da34-410a-be2e-95056958bcb2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFKingsbury2016" class="citation book cs1">Kingsbury, Damien (13 Setyembre 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8CQlDwAAQBAJ"><i>Politics in Contemporary Southeast Asia: Authority, Democracy and Political Change</i></a>. London, England: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Routledge (hindi pa naisusulat)">Routledge</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8CQlDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA132">132</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-1-317-49628-1" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-1-317-49628-1"><bdi>978-1-317-49628-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230212193225/https://books.google.com/books?id=8CQlDwAAQBAJ">Inarkibo</a> mula sa orihinal noong 12 Pebrero 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">8 Mayo</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Politics+in+Contemporary+Southeast+Asia%3A+Authority%2C+Democracy+and+Political+Change&rft.place=London%2C+England&rft.pages=132&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016-09-13&rft.isbn=978-1-317-49628-1&rft.aulast=Kingsbury&rft.aufirst=Damien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8CQlDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFMydans1986" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mydans, Seth (14 Setyembre 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1986/09/14/weekinreview/philippine-communists-are-spread-widely-but-not-thinly.html">"Philippine Communists Are Spread Widely, but Not Thinly"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_New_York_Times&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The New York Times (hindi pa naisusulat)">The New York Times</a></i> (sa wikang Ingles). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">8 Mayo</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Philippine+Communists+Are+Spread+Widely%2C+but+Not+Thinly&rft.date=1986-09-14&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Mydans&rft.aufirst=Seth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1986%2F09%2F14%2Fweekinreview%2Fphilippine-communists-are-spread-widely-but-not-thinly.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFPecotichShultz2016" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pecotich, Anthony; Shultz, Clifford J., mga pat. (22 Hulyo 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ySe3DAAAQBAJ&pg=PT546"><i>Handbook of Markets and Economies: East Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia, New Zealand: East Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia, New Zealand</i></a> (sa wikang Ingles). Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-1-315-49875-1" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-1-315-49875-1"><bdi>978-1-315-49875-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230322171259/https://books.google.com/books?id=ySe3DAAAQBAJ&pg=PT546">Inarkibo</a> mula sa orihinal noong 22 Marso 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">8 Mayo</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Markets+and+Economies%3A+East+Asia%2C+Southeast+Asia%2C+Australia%2C+New+Zealand%3A+East+Asia%2C+Southeast+Asia%2C+Australia%2C+New+Zealand&rft.place=Armonk%2C+N.Y.&rft.pub=M.+E.+Sharpe&rft.date=2016-07-22&rft.isbn=978-1-315-49875-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DySe3DAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT546&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFGargan1997" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gargan, Edward A. (11 Disyembre 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1997/12/11/business/last-laugh-for-philippines-onetime-joke-economy-avoids-much-asia-s-turmoil.html">"Last Laugh for the Philippines; Onetime Joke Economy Avoids Much of Asia's Turmoil"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_New_York_Times&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The New York Times (hindi pa naisusulat)">The New York Times</a></i> (sa wikang Ingles). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">8 Mayo</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Last+Laugh+for+the+Philippines%3B+Onetime+Joke+Economy+Avoids+Much+of+Asia%27s+Turmoil&rft.date=1997-12-11&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Gargan&rft.aufirst=Edward+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1997%2F12%2F11%2Fbusiness%2Flast-laugh-for-philippines-onetime-joke-economy-avoids-much-asia-s-turmoil.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFRebullida2003" class="citation journal cs1">Rebullida, Ma. Lourdes G. (Disyembre 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210511215251/https://www.pssc.org.ph/wp-content/pssc-archives/Philippine%20Political%20Science%20Journal/2003/06_The%20Political%20of%20Urban%20Poor%20Housing_%20State%20and%20Civil%20Society%20Dynamics.pdf">"The Politics of Urban Poor Housing: State and Civil Society Dynamics"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Philippine Political Science Journal</i>. <b>24</b> (47). Philippine Political Science Association: 56. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01154451.2003.9754247">10.1080/01154451.2003.9754247</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=S2CID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S2CID (identifier) (hindi pa naisusulat)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154441392">154441392</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pssc.org.ph/wp-content/pssc-archives/Philippine%20Political%20Science%20Journal/2003/06_The%20Political%20of%20Urban%20Poor%20Housing_%20State%20and%20Civil%20Society%20Dynamics.pdf">orihinal</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> noong 11 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">8 Mayo</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Political+Science+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Politics+of+Urban+Poor+Housing%3A+State+and+Civil+Society+Dynamics&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=47&rft.pages=56&rft.date=2003-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F01154451.2003.9754247&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154441392%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Rebullida&rft.aufirst=Ma.+Lourdes+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pssc.org.ph%2Fwp-content%2Fpssc-archives%2FPhilippine%2520Political%2520Science%2520Journal%2F2003%2F06_The%2520Political%2520of%2520Urban%2520Poor%2520Housing_%2520State%2520and%2520Civil%2520Society%2520Dynamics.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFLandler2001" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Landler, Mark (9 Pebrero 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2001/02/09/business/philippines-economy-casualty-president-ousted-credibility-repair-job.html">"In Philippines, The Economy As Casualty; The President Ousted, a Credibility Repair Job"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_New_York_Times&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The New York Times (hindi pa naisusulat)">The New York Times</a></i> (sa wikang Ingles). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">8 Mayo</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+Philippines%2C+The+Economy+As+Casualty%3B+The+President+Ousted%2C+a+Credibility+Repair+Job&rft.date=2001-02-09&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Landler&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2001%2F02%2F09%2Fbusiness%2Fphilippines-economy-casualty-president-ousted-credibility-repair-job.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFHutchcroft2008" class="citation journal cs1">Hutchcroft, Paul D. (Paul David) (2008). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Kinakailangan ng subskripsyong may bayad"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/230460">"The Arroyo Imbroglio in the Philippines"</a></span>. <i>Journal of Democracy</i>. <b>19</b> (1). Johns Hopkins University Press: 141–155. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fjod.2008.0001">10.1353/jod.2008.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1086-3214">1086-3214</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=S2CID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S2CID (identifier) (hindi pa naisusulat)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144031968">144031968</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">8 Mayo</span> 2024</span> – sa pamamagitan ni/ng Project MUSE.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Democracy&rft.atitle=The+Arroyo+Imbroglio+in+the+Philippines&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=141-155&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144031968%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1086-3214&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fjod.2008.0001&rft.aulast=Hutchcroft&rft.aufirst=Paul+D.+%28Paul+David%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Fpub%2F1%2Farticle%2F230460&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFMcCoy2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">McCoy, Alfred W. (15 Oktubre 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QYj6WUGsRuEC"><i>Policing America's Empire: The United States, the Philippines, and the Rise of the Surveillance State</i></a> (sa wikang Ingles). Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QYj6WUGsRuEC&pg=PA498">498</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-0-299-23413-3" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-0-299-23413-3"><bdi>978-0-299-23413-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">8 Mayo</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Policing+America%27s+Empire%3A+The+United+States%2C+the+Philippines%2C+and+the+Rise+of+the+Surveillance+State&rft.place=Madison%2C+Wis.&rft.pages=498&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=2009-10-15&rft.isbn=978-0-299-23413-3&rft.aulast=McCoy&rft.aufirst=Alfred+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQYj6WUGsRuEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lum-Dolven-2014-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Lum-Dolven-2014_33-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFLumDolven2014" class="citation report cs1">Lum, Thomas; Dolven, Ben (15 Mayo 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220417070815/https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R43498/7">The Republic of the Philippines and U.S. Interests—2014</a>. <i>CRS Reports</i> (Ulat). Congressional Research Service. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1121453557">1121453557</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R43498/7">orihinal</a> noong 17 Abril 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">9 Mayo</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=The+Republic+of+the+Philippines+and+U.S.+Interests%E2%80%942014&rft.pub=Congressional+Research+Service&rft.date=2014-05-15&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1121453557&rft.aulast=Lum&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Dolven%2C+Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcrsreports.congress.gov%2Fproduct%2Fpdf%2FR%2FR43498%2F7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFLucas2012" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lucas, Dax (8 Hunyo 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnation.inquirer.net/39227/aquino-attributes-growth-to-good-governance">"Aquino attributes growth to good governance"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Daily_Inquirer" title="Philippine Daily Inquirer">Philippine Daily Inquirer</a></i> (sa wikang Ingles)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">9 Mayo</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Aquino+attributes+growth+to+good+governance&rft.date=2012-06-08&rft.aulast=Lucas&rft.aufirst=Dax&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnation.inquirer.net%2F39227%2Faquino-attributes-growth-to-good-governance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFRizal_G._Buendia2015" class="citation journal cs1">Rizal G. Buendia (2015). "The Politics of the Bangsamoro Basic Law". Yuchengco Center. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.13140%2FRG.2.1.3954.9205%2F1">10.13140/RG.2.1.3954.9205/1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Politics+of+the+Bangsamoro+Basic+Law&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.13140%2FRG.2.1.3954.9205%2F1&rft.au=Rizal+G.+Buendia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFClapano2016" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Clapano, Jose Rodel (3 Pebrero 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/02/03/1549507/congress-buries-bangsamoro-bill">"Congress buries Bangsamoro bill"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine Star">Philippine Star</a></i> (sa wikang Ingles)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">9 Mayo</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Star&rft.atitle=Congress+buries+Bangsamoro+bill&rft.date=2016-02-03&rft.aulast=Clapano&rft.aufirst=Jose+Rodel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fheadlines%2F2016%2F02%2F03%2F1549507%2Fcongress-buries-bangsamoro-bill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFVera2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vera, Ben O. de (6 Agosto 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://business.inquirer.net/304612/build-build-builds-new-normal-8-projects-added-13-removed">"Build, Build, Build's 'new normal': 13 projects added, 8 removed"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Daily_Inquirer" title="Philippine Daily Inquirer">Philippine Daily Inquirer</a></i> (sa wikang Ingles)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">9 Mayo</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Build%2C+Build%2C+Build%E2%80%99s+%E2%80%98new+normal%E2%80%99%3A+13+projects+added%2C+8+removed&rft.date=2020-08-06&rft.aulast=Vera&rft.aufirst=Ben+O.+de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbusiness.inquirer.net%2F304612%2Fbuild-build-builds-new-normal-8-projects-added-13-removed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFGo2017" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Go, Miriam Grace (9 Mayo 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rappler.com/nation/169369-duterte-first-interview-winner-2016-elections/">"LISTEN: Duterte's 1st interview as apparent winner in 2016 polls"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rappler" title="Rappler">Rappler</a></i> (sa wikang Ingles)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">9 Mayo</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rappler&rft.atitle=LISTEN%3A+Duterte%27s+1st+interview+as+apparent+winner+in+2016+polls&rft.date=2017-05-09&rft.aulast=Go&rft.aufirst=Miriam+Grace&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fnation%2F169369-duterte-first-interview-winner-2016-elections%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFRomero2017" class="citation web cs1">Romero, Alexis (26 Disyembre 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/12/26/1771944/duterte-govt-probing-over-16000-drug-war-linked-deaths-homicide-not-ejk">"Duterte gov't probing over 16,000 drug war-linked deaths as homicide, not EJK"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine Star">Philippine Star</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">9 Mayo</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Star&rft.atitle=Duterte+gov%27t+probing+over+16%2C000+drug+war-linked+deaths+as+homicide%2C+not+EJK&rft.date=2017-12-26&rft.aulast=Romero&rft.aufirst=Alexis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fheadlines%2F2017%2F12%2F26%2F1771944%2Fduterte-govt-probing-over-16000-drug-war-linked-deaths-homicide-not-ejk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFGonzalez2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gonzalez, Mia (30 Marso 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rappler.com/nation/186633-philippines-confirms-case-novel-coronavirus/">"Philippines confirms 1st case of novel coronavirus"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rappler" title="Rappler">Rappler</a></i> (sa wikang Ingles)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">9 Mayo</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rappler&rft.atitle=Philippines+confirms+1st+case+of+novel+coronavirus&rft.date=2020-03-30&rft.aulast=Gonzalez&rft.aufirst=Mia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fnation%2F186633-philippines-confirms-case-novel-coronavirus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFCordero2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cordero, Ted (7 Marso 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/728715/doh-recommends-declaration-of-public-health-emergency-after-covid-19-local-transmission/story/">"CODE RED ALERT UP: DOH recommends declaration of public health emergency after COVID-19 local transmission"</a>. <i>GMA News Online</i> (sa wikang Ingles)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">9 Mayo</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GMA+News+Online&rft.atitle=CODE+RED+ALERT+UP%3A+DOH+recommends+declaration+of+public+health+emergency+after+COVID-19+local+transmission&rft.date=2020-03-07&rft.aulast=Cordero&rft.aufirst=Ted&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmanetwork.com%2Fnews%2Ftopstories%2Fnation%2F728715%2Fdoh-recommends-declaration-of-public-health-emergency-after-covid-19-local-transmission%2Fstory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFVenzon2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Venzon, Cliff (28 Enero 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asia.nikkei.com/Economy/Philippines-GDP-shrinks-9.5-in-2020-worst-since-1947">"Philippines GDP shrinks 9.5% in 2020, worst since 1947"</a>. <i>Nikkei Asia</i> (sa wikang Ingles)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">9 Mayo</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nikkei+Asia&rft.atitle=Philippines+GDP+shrinks+9.5%25+in+2020%2C+worst+since+1947&rft.date=2021-01-28&rft.aulast=Venzon&rft.aufirst=Cliff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fasia.nikkei.com%2FEconomy%2FPhilippines-GDP-shrinks-9.5-in-2020-worst-since-1947&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/partner-content-know-before-you-go-the-philippines">"Know before you go: the Philippines"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic">National Geographic</a></i> (sa wikang Ingles). 4 Hunyo 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">15 Mayo</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=Know+before+you+go%3A+the+Philippines&rft.date=2019-06-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Ftravel%2Farticle%2Fpartner-content-know-before-you-go-the-philippines&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Central Intelligence Agency. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2060.html">"Field Listing :: Coastline"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170716042040/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2060.html">Naka-arkibo</a> 2017-07-16 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved 2009-11-07.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eyeonasia.gov.sg/asean-countries/know/overview-of-asean-countries/philippines-a-country-profile/">"Philippines - A country profile"</a>. <i>Eye on Asia</i> (sa wikang Ingles). Pamahalaan ng Singapura<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">15 Mayo</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eye+on+Asia&rft.atitle=Philippines+-+A+country+profile&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eyeonasia.gov.sg%2Fasean-countries%2Fknow%2Foverview-of-asean-countries%2Fphilippines-a-country-profile%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFChaffeeAurellBarthBetters1969" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Chaffee, Frederic H.; Aurell, George E.; Barth, Helen A.; Betters, Elinor C.; Cort, Ann S.; Dombrowski, John H.; Fasano, Vincent J.; Weaver, John O. (February 1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=83UsAAAAYAAJ"><i>Area Handbook for the Philippines</i></a> (sa wikang Ingles). Washington, D.C.: <a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Government_Printing_Office&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U.S. Government Printing Office (hindi pa naisusulat)">U.S. Government Printing Office</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=83UsAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA6">6</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/19734">19734</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230407033448/https://books.google.com/books?id=83UsAAAAYAAJ">Inarkibo</a> mula sa orihinal noong 7 Abril 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">15 Mayo</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Area+Handbook+for+the+Philippines&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1969-02&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F19734&rft.aulast=Chaffee&rft.aufirst=Frederic+H.&rft.au=Aurell%2C+George+E.&rft.au=Barth%2C+Helen+A.&rft.au=Betters%2C+Elinor+C.&rft.au=Cort%2C+Ann+S.&rft.au=Dombrowski%2C+John+H.&rft.au=Fasano%2C+Vincent+J.&rft.au=Weaver%2C+John+O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D83UsAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFCollege_of_Forestry_and_Natural_Resources,_University_of_the_Philippines_Los_Baños" class="citation report cs1">College of Forestry and Natural Resources, <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_the_Philippines_Los_Ba%C3%B1os&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of the Philippines Los Baños (hindi pa naisusulat)">University of the Philippines Los Baños</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200730173552/https://riverbasin.denr.gov.ph/masterplans/cagayanexecutivesummary.pdf">Climate-Responsive Integrated Master Plan for Cagayan River Basin; Volume I – Executive Summary</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>River Basin Control Office</i> (Ulat). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Environment_and_Natural_Resources&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of Environment and Natural Resources (hindi pa naisusulat)">Department of Environment and Natural Resources</a>. p. 5. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://riverbasin.denr.gov.ph/masterplans/cagayanexecutivesummary.pdf">orihinal</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> noong July 30, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">July 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Climate-Responsive+Integrated+Master+Plan+for+Cagayan+River+Basin%3B+Volume+I+%E2%80%93+Executive+Summary&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=Department+of+Environment+and+Natural+Resources&rft.au=College+of+Forestry+and+Natural+Resources%2C+University+of+the+Philippines+Los+Ba%C3%B1os&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Friverbasin.denr.gov.ph%2Fmasterplans%2Fcagayanexecutivesummary.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rodell-2002-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Rodell-2002_48-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFRodell2002" class="citation book cs1">Rodell, Paul A. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=y1CVR74_KHQC"><i>Culture and Customs of the Philippines</i></a>. Culture and Customs of Asia. Westport, Conn.: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenwood_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenwood Press (hindi pa naisusulat)">Greenwood Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-0-313-30415-6" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-0-313-30415-6"><bdi>978-0-313-30415-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240203074324/https://books.google.com/books?id=y1CVR74_KHQC">Inarkibo</a> mula sa orihinal noong 3 Pebrero 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">15 Mayo</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Culture+and+Customs+of+the+Philippines&rft.place=Westport%2C+Conn.&rft.series=Culture+and+Customs+of+Asia&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-313-30415-6&rft.aulast=Rodell&rft.aufirst=Paul+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dy1CVR74_KHQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFBerckhemerHsü1982" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Berckhemer, H.; Hsü, K., mga pat. (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4jQavSJCro4C"><i>Alpine-Mediterranean Geodynamics</i></a>. Geodynamics Series (sa wikang Ingles). Bol. 7. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Geophysical_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Geophysical Union (hindi pa naisusulat)">American Geophysical Union</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4jQavSJCro4C&pg=RA1-PA31">31</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-978-087-590-9" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-978-087-590-9"><bdi>978-978-087-590-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230212195929/https://books.google.com/books?id=4jQavSJCro4C">Inarkibo</a> mula sa orihinal noong 12 Pebrero 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">15 Mayo</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alpine-Mediterranean+Geodynamics&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.series=Geodynamics+Series&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=American+Geophysical+Union&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-978-087-590-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4jQavSJCro4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFFrohlich2006" class="citation book cs1">Frohlich, Cliff (May 4, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-lZGdmBwSPkC"><i>Deep Earthquakes</i></a>. Cambridge, England: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambridge University Press (hindi pa naisusulat)">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-lZGdmBwSPkC&pg=PA421">421</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-0-521-82869-7" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-0-521-82869-7"><bdi>978-0-521-82869-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230212195927/https://books.google.com/books?id=-lZGdmBwSPkC">Inarkibo</a> mula sa orihinal noong 12 Pebrero 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">15 Mayo</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Deep+Earthquakes&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+England&rft.pages=421&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006-05-04&rft.isbn=978-0-521-82869-7&rft.aulast=Frohlich&rft.aufirst=Cliff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-lZGdmBwSPkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GNI_(nominal,_Atlas_method)_per_capita" class="extiw" title="en:List of countries by GNI (nominal, Atlas method) per capita">List_of_countries_by_GNI_%28nominal,_Atlas_method%29_per_capita</a> <span class="languageicon">(sa Ingles)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Asian_countries_by_GDP_per_capita" class="extiw" title="en:List of Asian countries by GDP per capita">List_of_Asian_countries_by_GDP_per_capita</a> <span class="languageicon">(sa Ingles)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130528032608/http://www.transparency.org/cpi2012/results">"Archive copy"</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.transparency.org/cpi2012/results">orihinal</a> noong 2013-05-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2013-11-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archive+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.transparency.org%2Fcpi2012%2Fresults&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-adb-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-adb_54-0">54.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-adb_54-1">54.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-adb_54-2">54.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150427211131/http://adb.org/sites/default/files/pub/2009/Poverty-Philippines-Causes-Constraints-Opportunities.pdf">"Archive copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/pub/2009/Poverty-Philippines-Causes-Constraints-Opportunities.pdf">orihinal</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> noong 2015-04-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2013-11-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archive+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adb.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpub%2F2009%2FPoverty-Philippines-Causes-Constraints-Opportunities.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141107133528/http://www.insead.edu/facultyresearch/faculty/documents/5771.pdf">"Archive copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.insead.edu/facultyresearch/faculty/documents/5771.pdf">orihinal</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> noong 2014-11-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2013-10-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archive+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.insead.edu%2Ffacultyresearch%2Ffaculty%2Fdocuments%2F5771.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-marcos5-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-marcos5_56-0">56.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-marcos5_56-1">56.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/philippines/195236.htm">http://www.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/philippines/195236.htm</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=z1cpiEJMAi8C&pg=PA295">http://books.google.com/books?id=z1cpiEJMAi8C&pg=PA295</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141214193330/http://articles.philly.com/1986-01-28/news/26055009_1_philippines-president-ferdinand-e-marcos-sugar-industry">"Archive copy"</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.philly.com/1986-01-28/news/26055009_1_philippines-president-ferdinand-e-marcos-sugar-industry">orihinal</a> noong 2014-12-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2015-08-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archive+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.philly.com%2F1986-01-28%2Fnews%2F26055009_1_philippines-president-ferdinand-e-marcos-sugar-industry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.indymedia.org.uk/en/2012/09/500590.html">http://www.indymedia.org.uk/en/2012/09/500590.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2012/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2010&ey=2017&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=51&pr1.y=6&c=512%2C446%2C914%2C666%2C612%2C668%2C614%2C672%2C311%2C946%2C213%2C137%2C911%2C962%2C193%2C674%2C122%2C676%2C912%2C548%2C313%2C556%2C419%2C678%2C513%2C181%2C316%2C682%2C913%2C684%2C124%2C273%2C339%2C921%2C638%2C948%2C514%2C943%2C218%2C686%2C963%2C688%2C616%2C518%2C223%2C728%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C522%2C692%2C622%2C694%2C156%2C142%2C624%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C283%2C228%2C853%2C924%2C288%2C233%2C293%2C632%2C566%2C636%2C964%2C634%2C182%2C238%2C453%2C662%2C968%2C960%2C922%2C423%2C714%2C935%2C862%2C128%2C135%2C611%2C716%2C321%2C456%2C243%2C722%2C248%2C942%2C469%2C718%2C253%2C724%2C642%2C576%2C643%2C936%2C939%2C961%2C644%2C813%2C819%2C199%2C172%2C733%2C132%2C184%2C646%2C524%2C648%2C361%2C915%2C362%2C134%2C364%2C652%2C732%2C174%2C366%2C328%2C734%2C258%2C144%2C656%2C146%2C654%2C463%2C336%2C528%2C263%2C923%2C268%2C738%2C532%2C578%2C944%2C537%2C176%2C742%2C534%2C866%2C536%2C369%2C429%2C744%2C433%2C186%2C178%2C925%2C436%2C869%2C136%2C746%2C343%2C926%2C158%2C466%2C439%2C112%2C916%2C111%2C664%2C298%2C826%2C927%2C542%2C846%2C967%2C299%2C443%2C582%2C917%2C474%2C544%2C754%2C941%2C698&s=NGDPD&grp=0&a=">"Report for Selected Countries and Subjects"</a>. <i>World Economic Outlook Database, Oktubre 2012</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">9 Oktubre</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Economic+Outlook+Database%2C+Oktubre+2012&rft.atitle=Report+for+Selected+Countries+and+Subjects&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fpubs%2Fft%2Fweo%2F2012%2F02%2Fweodata%2Fweorept.aspx%3Fsy%3D2010%26ey%3D2017%26scsm%3D1%26ssd%3D1%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1%26pr1.x%3D51%26pr1.y%3D6%26c%3D512%252C446%252C914%252C666%252C612%252C668%252C614%252C672%252C311%252C946%252C213%252C137%252C911%252C962%252C193%252C674%252C122%252C676%252C912%252C548%252C313%252C556%252C419%252C678%252C513%252C181%252C316%252C682%252C913%252C684%252C124%252C273%252C339%252C921%252C638%252C948%252C514%252C943%252C218%252C686%252C963%252C688%252C616%252C518%252C223%252C728%252C516%252C558%252C918%252C138%252C748%252C196%252C618%252C278%252C522%252C692%252C622%252C694%252C156%252C142%252C624%252C449%252C626%252C564%252C628%252C283%252C228%252C853%252C924%252C288%252C233%252C293%252C632%252C566%252C636%252C964%252C634%252C182%252C238%252C453%252C662%252C968%252C960%252C922%252C423%252C714%252C935%252C862%252C128%252C135%252C611%252C716%252C321%252C456%252C243%252C722%252C248%252C942%252C469%252C718%252C253%252C724%252C642%252C576%252C643%252C936%252C939%252C961%252C644%252C813%252C819%252C199%252C172%252C733%252C132%252C184%252C646%252C524%252C648%252C361%252C915%252C362%252C134%252C364%252C652%252C732%252C174%252C366%252C328%252C734%252C258%252C144%252C656%252C146%252C654%252C463%252C336%252C528%252C263%252C923%252C268%252C738%252C532%252C578%252C944%252C537%252C176%252C742%252C534%252C866%252C536%252C369%252C429%252C744%252C433%252C186%252C178%252C925%252C436%252C869%252C136%252C746%252C343%252C926%252C158%252C466%252C439%252C112%252C916%252C111%252C664%252C298%252C826%252C927%252C542%252C846%252C967%252C299%252C443%252C582%252C917%252C474%252C544%252C754%252C941%252C698%26s%3DNGDPD%26grp%3D0%26a%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nscb2009-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-nscb2009_61-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFRepublic_of_the_Philippines._National_Statistical_Coordination_Board" class="citation web cs1">Republic of the Philippines. National Statistical Coordination Board. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629150040/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/sna/2009/3rdQ2009/2009gnpi3.asp">"Third Quarter 2009 Gross National Product and Gross Domestic Product by Industrial Origin"</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nscb.gov.ph/sna/2009/3rdQ2009/2009gnpi3.asp">orihinal</a> noong 2011-06-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2009-12-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Third+Quarter+2009+Gross+National+Product+and+Gross+Domestic+Product+by+Industrial+Origin&rft.au=Republic+of+the+Philippines.+National+Statistical+Coordination+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nscb.gov.ph%2Fsna%2F2009%2F3rdQ2009%2F2009gnpi3.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-quickstat-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-quickstat_62-0">62.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-quickstat_62-1">62.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFRepublic_of_the_Philippines._National_Statistics_Office.2009" class="citation web cs1">Republic of the Philippines. National Statistics Office. (Oktubre 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120711125757/http://www.census.gov.ph/data/quickstat/qs0909tb.pdf">"Quickstat"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.census.gov.ph/data/quickstat/qs0909tb.pdf">orihinal</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> noong 2012-07-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2009-12-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Quickstat&rft.date=2009-10&rft.au=Republic+of+the+Philippines.+National+Statistics+Office.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov.ph%2Fdata%2Fquickstat%2Fqs0909tb.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010144548/http://www.investphilippines.info/arangkada/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/08.-Part-3-Seven-Big-Winner-Sectors-Reforming-the-Infrastructure-Policy-Environment2.pdf">"Arangkada Philippines 2010: A Business Perspective – Infrastructure"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.investphilippines.info/arangkada/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/08.-Part-3-Seven-Big-Winner-Sectors-Reforming-the-Infrastructure-Policy-Environment2.pdf">orihinal</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> noong 2017-10-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">21 Setyembre</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arangkada+Philippines+2010%3A+A+Business+Perspective+%E2%80%93+Infrastructure&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.investphilippines.info%2Farangkada%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2011%2F06%2F08.-Part-3-Seven-Big-Winner-Sectors-Reforming-the-Infrastructure-Policy-Environment2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFLarano2014" class="citation web cs1">Larano, Cris (3 Hunyo 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.wsj.com/economics/2014/06/03/philippines-bets-on-better-infrastructure/">"Philippines Bets on Better Infrastructure"</a>. The Wall Street Journal<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">21 Setyembre</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Philippines+Bets+on+Better+Infrastructure&rft.pub=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.date=2014-06-03&rft.aulast=Larano&rft.aufirst=Cris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.wsj.com%2Feconomics%2F2014%2F06%2F03%2Fphilippines-bets-on-better-infrastructure%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WBtransport-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-WBtransport_65-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150719222229/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rp.html">"The CIA World Factbook – Philippines"</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rp.html">orihinal</a> noong 2015-07-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">20 Setyembre</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+CIA+World+Factbook+%E2%80%93+Philippines&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Frp.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Republic of the Philippines. Land Transportation Office. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081011115519/http://www.lto.gov.ph/Stats2007/no_of_mv_registered_byMVType_2.htm">Number of Motor Vehicles Registered</a>. (29 Enero 2008). Hinango noong 22 Enero 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140716143711/http://caap.gov.ph/index.php/downloads/finish/4-regulations-policies/214-repiblic-act-9497">"Republic Act No, 9447"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pangasiwaan_ng_Abyasyon_Sibil_ng_Pilipinas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pangasiwaan ng Abyasyon Sibil ng Pilipinas (hindi pa naisusulat)">Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.caap.gov.ph/index.php/downloads/finish/4-regulations-policies/214-repiblic-act-9497">orihinal</a> noong 2014-07-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">21 Setyembre</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Republic+Act+No%2C+9447&rft.pub=Civil+Aviation+Authority+of+the+Philippines&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.caap.gov.ph%2Findex.php%2Fdownloads%2Ffinish%2F4-regulations-policies%2F214-repiblic-act-9497&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140809172842/http://caap.gov.ph/index.php/downloads/finish/4-regulations-policies/235-manual-of-standards-for-aerodromes">"Manual of Standards for AERODROMES"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pangasiwaan_ng_Abyasyon_Sibil_ng_Pilipinas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pangasiwaan ng Abyasyon Sibil ng Pilipinas (hindi pa naisusulat)">Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.caap.gov.ph/index.php/downloads/finish/4-regulations-policies/235-manual-of-standards-for-aerodromes">orihinal</a> noong 2014-08-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">21 Setyembre</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Manual+of+Standards+for+AERODROMES&rft.pub=Civil+Aviation+Authority+of+the+Philippines&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.caap.gov.ph%2Findex.php%2Fdownloads%2Ffinish%2F4-regulations-policies%2F235-manual-of-standards-for-aerodromes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131222030945/http://www.caap.gov.ph/index.php/contact-us/directory/finish/22-contact/163-caap-airport-directory">"Airport Directory"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Civil_Aviation_Authority_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (hindi pa naisusulat)">Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines</a>. Hulyo 2014. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.caap.gov.ph/index.php/contact-us/directory/finish/22-contact/163-caap-airport-directory">orihinal</a> noong 22 Disyembre 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">23 Agosto</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Airport+Directory&rft.pub=Civil+Aviation+Authority+of+the+Philippines&rft.date=2014-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.caap.gov.ph%2Findex.php%2Fcontact-us%2Fdirectory%2Ffinish%2F22-contact%2F163-caap-airport-directory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|dead-url=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">|url-status=</code> suggested) (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored_suggest" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PAL-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-PAL_70-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303185823/http://www.philippineairlines.com/about_pal/about_pal.jsp">"About PAL"</a>. Philippineairlines.com. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philippineairlines.com/about_pal/about_pal.jsp">orihinal</a> noong 3 Marso 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">4 Mayo</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+PAL&rft.pub=Philippineairlines.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.philippineairlines.com%2Fabout_pal%2Fabout_pal.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HAviation-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-HAviation_71-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">State of Hawaii. Department of Transportation. Airports Division. [c. 2005]. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110517040251/http://hawaii.gov/hawaiiaviation/hawaii-commercial-aviation/philippine-air-lines/">Philippine Air Lines</a>". <i>Hawaii Aviation</i>. Hinango noong 9 Enero 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OxfordBG-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-OxfordBG_72-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFOxford_Business_Group2009" class="citation book cs1">Oxford Business Group (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=eY-Oq1IGzdMC&pg=PT98"><i>The Report: Philippines 2009</i></a>. p. 97. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/1-902339-12-6" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/1-902339-12-6"><bdi>1-902339-12-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Report%3A+Philippines+2009&rft.pages=97&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=1-902339-12-6&rft.au=Oxford+Business+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DeY-Oq1IGzdMC%26pg%3DPT98&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|author=</code> has generic name (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-73">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.photius.com/countries/philippines/geography/philippines_geography_transportation.html">"Philippines Transportation"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">23 Agosto</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Philippines+Transportation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.photius.com%2Fcountries%2Fphilippines%2Fgeography%2Fphilippines_geography_transportation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-74">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asiafoundation.org/resources/pdfs/RoRobookcomplete.pdf">"Linking the Philippine Islands, Through the highway of the Sea"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>: 51<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">23 Agosto</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Linking+the+Philippine+Islands%2C+Through+the+highway+of+the+Sea.&rft.pages=51&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fasiafoundation.org%2Fresources%2Fpdfs%2FRoRobookcomplete.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-75">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mntc.com/nlex/">The North Luzon Expressway Project</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180809043810/http://www.mntc.com/nlex/">Naka-arkibo</a> 2018-08-09 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (NLEX) is for the rehabilitation, expansion, operation and maintenance of the existing 83.7 km (52 mi) NLEX that connects Metro Manila to the northern provinces of Bulacan and Pampanga.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-76">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFSuper_User" class="citation web cs1">Super User. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208203330/http://www.trb.gov.ph/index.php/toll-road-projects/south-luzon-expressway">"South Luzon Expressway (SLEX)"</a>. <i>Toll Regulatory Board</i>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trb.gov.ph/index.php/toll-road-projects/south-luzon-expressway">orihinal</a> noong 8 Disyembre 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">17 Disyembre</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Toll+Regulatory+Board&rft.atitle=South+Luzon+Expressway+%28SLEX%29&rft.au=Super+User&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trb.gov.ph%2Findex.php%2Ftoll-road-projects%2Fsouth-luzon-expressway&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|author=</code> has generic name (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-77">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/regions/view_article.php?article_id=85241">SCTEx delay worsens as Japan firm seeks new extension – INQUIRER.net, Philippine News for Filipinos</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="Mukhang patay ang naunang link since Hunyo 2016" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Dead_external_links" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Dead external links">patay na link</a>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-78">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/regions/view_article.php?article_id=81199">BCDA, Japanese contractor asked to explain SCTEx delay – INQUIRER.net, Philippine News for Filipinos</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="Mukhang patay ang naunang link since Hunyo 2016" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Dead_external_links" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Dead external links">patay na link</a>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-79">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/regions/view_article.php?article_id=76127">Arroyo adviser says SCTEx extension OKd – INQUIRER.net, Philippine News for Filipinos</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="Mukhang patay ang naunang link since Hunyo 2016" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Dead_external_links" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Dead external links">patay na link</a>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-80">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/regions/view_article.php?article_id=101211">Arroyo order: Open SCTEx, interchanges on time – INQUIRER.net, Philippine News for Filipinos</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080222100621/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/regions/view_article.php?article_id=101211">Naka-arkibo</a> 2008-02-22 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yellow-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-yellow_81-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714152448/http://www.lrta.gov.ph/line_1_system.php">"The Line 1 System – The Green Line"</a>. <i>Light Rail Transit Authority</i>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lrta.gov.ph/line_1_system.php">orihinal</a> noong 14 Hulyo 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">15 Enero</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Light+Rail+Transit+Authority&rft.atitle=The+Line+1+System+%E2%80%93+The+Green+Line&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lrta.gov.ph%2Fline_1_system.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-provision-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-provision_82-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Centre_for_Human_Settlements&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (hindi pa naisusulat)">United Nations Centre for Human Settlements</a>. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lkH5Twa-OakC&printsec=frontcover"><i>Provision of Travelway Space for Urban Public Transport in Developing Countries</i></a>. UN–HABITAT. pp. 15, 26–70, 160–179. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/92-1-131220-5" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/92-1-131220-5">92-1-131220-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-times-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-times_83-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130122003116/http://dotcmrt3.gov.ph/about.php?route=7">"About Us; MRT3 Stations"</a>. <i>Metro Rail Transit</i>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dotcmrt3.gov.ph/about.php?route=7">orihinal</a> noong 22 Enero 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">15 Enero</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Metro+Rail+Transit&rft.atitle=About+Us%3B+MRT3+Stations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdotcmrt3.gov.ph%2Fabout.php%3Froute%3D7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-84">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFValmero" class="citation web cs1">Valmero, Anna. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722190340/http://ph.news.yahoo.com/dost-develop-electric-powered-monorail-mass-transport-100013094.html">"DoST to develop electric-powered monorail for mass transport"</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ph.news.yahoo.com/dost-develop-electric-powered-monorail-mass-transport-100013094.html">orihinal</a> noong 22 Hulyo 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">23 Setyembre</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DoST+to+develop+electric-powered+monorail+for+mass+transport&rft.aulast=Valmero&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fph.news.yahoo.com%2Fdost-develop-electric-powered-monorail-mass-transport-100013094.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|dead-url=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">|url-status=</code> suggested) (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored_suggest" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-85">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFRegidor,_Anna_Kristine" class="citation web cs1">Regidor, Anna Kristine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140924045106/https://www.upd.edu.ph/~updinfo/jul11/articles/upd_monorail_projects.html">"UPD monorail project begins"</a>. <i>July 27, 2011</i>. University of the Philippines Diliman. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upd.edu.ph/~updinfo/jul11/articles/upd_monorail_projects.html">orihinal</a> noong 24 Setyembre 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">September 23,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=July+27%2C+2011&rft.atitle=UPD+monorail+project+begins&rft.au=Regidor%2C+Anna+Kristine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.upd.edu.ph%2F~updinfo%2Fjul11%2Farticles%2Fupd_monorail_projects.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|deadurl=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">|url-status=</code> suggested) (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored_suggest" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-86">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFUsman,_Edd_K.2014" class="citation web cs1">Usman, Edd K. (27 Pebrero 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140924041039/http://www.mb.com.ph/bigger-automated-guideway-train-ready-for-testing/">"Bigger Automated Guideway Train ready for testing"</a>. Manila Bulletin. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mb.com.ph/bigger-automated-guideway-train-ready-for-testing/">orihinal</a> noong 24 Setyembre 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">23 Setyembre</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bigger+Automated+Guideway+Train+ready+for+testing&rft.pub=Manila+Bulletin&rft.date=2014-02-27&rft.au=Usman%2C+Edd+K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mb.com.ph%2Fbigger-automated-guideway-train-ready-for-testing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|dead-url=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">|url-status=</code> suggested) (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored_suggest" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-87">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140916004416/http://www.interaksyon.com/article/95283/bus-o-tren--dosts-road-train-rolls-off-to-vehicle-test">"BUS O TREN? DOST's road train rolls off to vehicle test"</a>. Interaksyon. 12 Setyembre 2014. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interaksyon.com/article/95283/bus-o-tren--dosts-road-train-rolls-off-to-vehicle-test">orihinal</a> noong 2014-09-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">19 Setyembre</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BUS+O+TREN%3F+DOST%27s+road+train+rolls+off+to+vehicle+test&rft.pub=Interaksyon&rft.date=2014-09-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interaksyon.com%2Farticle%2F95283%2Fbus-o-tren--dosts-road-train-rolls-off-to-vehicle-test&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-88">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140924051849/http://www.mb.com.ph/hybrid-electric-road-train-to-be-road-tested-this-month/">"Hybrid electric road train to be road-tested this month"</a>. Manila Bulletin. 13 Setyembre 2014. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mb.com.ph/hybrid-electric-road-train-to-be-road-tested-this-month/">orihinal</a> noong 24 Setyembre 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">19 Setyembre</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hybrid+electric+road+train+to+be+road-tested+this+month&rft.pub=Manila+Bulletin&rft.date=2014-09-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mb.com.ph%2Fhybrid-electric-road-train-to-be-road-tested-this-month%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|dead-url=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">|url-status=</code> suggested) (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored_suggest" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-89">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/09/14/1368910/roadworthiness-tests-hybrid-train-start-next-month">"Roadworthiness tests for hybrid train to start next month"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Philippine_Star" title="The Philippine Star">The Philippine Star</a>. 14 Setyembre 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">19 Setyembre</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Roadworthiness+tests+for+hybrid+train+to+start+next+month&rft.pub=The+Philippine+Star&rft.date=2014-09-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fheadlines%2F2014%2F09%2F14%2F1368910%2Froadworthiness-tests-hybrid-train-start-next-month&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-90">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://business.inquirer.net/203660/ph-firm-takes-on-challenge-to-improve-sea-travel">PH firm takes on challenge to improve sea travel.</a> Published by Philippine Daily Inquirer (Written By: Ira P. Pedrasa)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-transpo-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-transpo_91-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asianinfo.org/asianinfo/philippines/pro-transportation.htm">The Philippine Transportation System</a>. (30 Agosto 2008). <i>Asian Info</i>. Hinango noong 22 Enero 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-92">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.macapagal.com/gma/initiatives/roro.php">Strong Republic Nautical Highway</a>. (n.d.). Official Website of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. Hinango noong 22 Enero 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-93">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/30644/pinoyabroad/gov-t-revives-pasig-river-ferry-service">Gov't revives Pasig River ferry service</a>. (14 Pebrero 2007). <i>GMA News</i>. Retrieved 18 Disyembre 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-94">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006072725/http://news.pia.gov.ph/index.php?article=241398338587">"MMDA to reopen Pasig River ferry system on April 28; offers free ride"</a>. Philippine Information Agency. Abril 25, 2014. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.pia.gov.ph/index.php?article=241398338587">orihinal</a> noong Oktubre 6, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">Oktubre 3,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MMDA+to+reopen+Pasig+River+ferry+system+on+April+28%3B+offers+free+ride&rft.pub=Philippine+Information+Agency&rft.date=2014-04-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.pia.gov.ph%2Findex.php%3Farticle%3D241398338587&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|deadurl=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">|url-status=</code> suggested) (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored_suggest" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IEApop2011-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-IEApop2011_95-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iea.org/co2highlights/co2Highlights.XLS">CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111021013446/http://www.iea.org/co2highlights/co2Highlights.XLS">Naka-arkibo</a> 2011-10-21 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Population 1971–2008 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iea.org/co2highlights/co2highlights.pdf">pdf</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120106205757/http://iea.org/co2highlights/co2highlights.pdf">Naka-arkibo</a> 2012-01-06 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. page 86); page 86 of the pdf, IEA (OECD/ World Bank) (original population ref OECD/ World Bank e.g. in IEA Key World Energy Statistics 2010 page 57)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-96">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Republic of the Philippines. National Statistical Coordination Board. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nscb.gov.ph/secstat/d_popn.asp">Population of the Philippines Census Years 1799 to 2007</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120704171010/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/secstat/d_popn.asp">Naka-arkibo</a> 2012-07-04 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Retrieved 2009-12-11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Officialpop-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Officialpop_97-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFRepublic_of_the_Philippines._National_Statistics_Office.2008" class="citation web cs1">Republic of the Philippines. National Statistics Office. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120910051344/http://www.census.gov.ph/data/pressrelease/2008/pr0830tx.html">"Official population count reveals."</a> Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.census.gov.ph/data/pressrelease/2008/pr0830tx.html">orihinal</a> noong 2012-09-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2008-04-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+population+count+reveals..&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Republic+of+the+Philippines.+National+Statistics+Office.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov.ph%2Fdata%2Fpressrelease%2F2008%2Fpr0830tx.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gma-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-gma_98-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gmanews.tv/100days/story/202186/bishops-threaten-civil-disobedience-over-rh-bill">"Bishops threaten civil disobedience over RH bill"</a>. GMA News. 2010-09-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2010-10-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bishops+threaten+civil+disobedience+over+RH+bill&rft.pub=GMA+News&rft.date=2010-09-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmanews.tv%2F100days%2Fstory%2F202186%2Fbishops-threaten-civil-disobedience-over-rh-bill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-worldfactbook1-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-worldfactbook1_99-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFCentral_Intelligence_Agency" class="citation web cs1">Central Intelligence Agency. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140528191952/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2102.html">"Field Listing :: Life expectancy at birth"</a>. Washington, D.C.: Author. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2102.html">orihinal</a> noong 2014-05-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2009-12-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Field+Listing+%3A%3A+Life+expectancy+at+birth&rft.pub=Washington%2C+D.C.%3A+Author&rft.au=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Ffields%2F2102.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PRB2003-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-PRB2003_100-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFCollymore,_Yvette.2003" class="citation web cs1">Collymore, Yvette. (Hunyo 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070216053330/http://www.prb.org/Articles/2003/RapidPopulationGrowthCrowdedCitiesPresentChallengesinthePhilippines.aspx">"Rapid Population Growth, Crowded Cities Present Challenges in the Philippines"</a>. Population Reference Bureau. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prb.org/Articles/2003/RapidPopulationGrowthCrowdedCitiesPresentChallengesinthePhilippines.aspx">orihinal</a> noong 2007-02-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2010-04-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rapid+Population+Growth%2C+Crowded+Cities+Present+Challenges+in+the+Philippines&rft.pub=Population+Reference+Bureau&rft.date=2003-06&rft.au=Collymore%2C+Yvette.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prb.org%2FArticles%2F2003%2FRapidPopulationGrowthCrowdedCitiesPresentChallengesinthePhilippines.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-101">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Asis, Maruja M.B. (Enero 2006). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=364">The Philippines' Culture of Migration</a>". <i>Migration Information Source</i>. Migration Policy Institute. Hinango noong 2009-12-14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census2007_offilipinos-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Census2007_offilipinos_102-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120107055111/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-context=ip&">"Selected Population Profile in the United States: Filipino alone or in any combination"</a>. United States Census Bureau. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-context=ip&-reg=ACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201:038;ACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201PR:038;ACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201T:038;ACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201TPR:038&-qr_name=ACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201TPR&-ds_name=ACS_2007_1YR_G00_&-tree_id=306&-redoLog=false&-geo_id=01000US&-geo_id=NBSP&-search_results=16000US3651000&-format=&-_lang=en">orihinal</a> noong 2012-01-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2009-02-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Selected+Population+Profile+in+the+United+States%3A+Filipino+alone+or+in+any+combination&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Fservlet%2FIPTable%3F_bm%3Dy%26-context%3Dip%26-reg%3DACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201%3A038%3BACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201PR%3A038%3BACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201T%3A038%3BACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201TPR%3A038%26-qr_name%3DACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201%26-qr_name%3DACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201PR%26-qr_name%3DACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201T%26-qr_name%3DACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201TPR%26-ds_name%3DACS_2007_1YR_G00_%26-tree_id%3D306%26-redoLog%3Dfalse%26-geo_id%3D01000US%26-geo_id%3DNBSP%26-search_results%3D16000US3651000%26-format%3D%26-_lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span> The U.S. Census Bureau 2007 American Community Survey counted 3,053,179 Filipinos; 2,445,126 native and naturalized citizens, 608,053 of whom were not U.S. citizens.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-103">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Castles, Stephen and Mark J. Miller. (Hulyo 2009). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.migrationinformation.org/Feature/display.cfm?id=733&feed=rss">Migration in the Asia-Pacific Region</a>". <i>Migration Information Source</i>. Migration Policy Institute. Retrieved 2009-12-17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-104">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ciria-Cruz, Rene P. (2004-07-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716225842/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=%2Fchronicle%2Farchive%2F2004%2F07%2F26%2FEDGD56NB0H1.DTL">2 million reasons for withdrawing 51 troops</a>. <i>San Francisco Chronicle</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PSA-2015-Highlights-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-PSA-2015-Highlights_105-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/pressrelease/2015%20population%20counts%20Summary_0.xlsx">"2015 Population Counts Summary"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(XLSX)</span>. <i>Philippine Statistics Authority</i>. 19 Mayo 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">10 Hunyo</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Statistics+Authority&rft.atitle=2015+Population+Counts+Summary&rft.date=2016-05-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpsa.gov.ph%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fattachments%2Fhsd%2Fpressrelease%2F2015%2520population%2520counts%2520Summary_0.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PIF2009-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-PIF2009_106-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFRepublic_of_the_Philippines._National_Statistics_Office.2009" class="citation book cs1">Republic of the Philippines. National Statistics Office. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120711135118/http://www.census.gov.ph/data/publications/pif_2009.pdf"><i>The Philippines in Figures 2009</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1655-2539">1655-2539</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.census.gov.ph/data/publications/pif_2009.pdf">orihinal</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> noong 2012-07-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2009-12-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Philippines+in+Figures+2009&rft.date=2009&rft.issn=1655-2539&rft.au=Republic+of+the+Philippines.+National+Statistics+Office.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov.ph%2Fdata%2Fpublications%2Fpif_2009.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-107">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/456399/Philippines">Philippines</a>". (2009). In <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. Hinango noong 2009-12-18 mula sa Encyclopædia Britannica Online.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Negritos-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Negritos_108-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dolan, Ronald E. (Ed.). (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/philippines/35.htm">"Ethnicity, Regionalism, and Language"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/philippines/"><i>Philippines: A Country Study</i></a>. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress. Hinango noong 2010-04-08 mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/">Country Studies US Website</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhilippine_Statistics_Authority201429–34-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhilippine_Statistics_Authority201429–34_109-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilippine_Statistics_Authority2014">Philippine Statistics Authority 2014</a>, pp. 29–34.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harv error: no target: CITEREFPhilippine_Statistics_Authority2014 (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Kategorya:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ethnol-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ethnol_110-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewis, Paul M. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=PH">Languages of Philippines</a>. <i>Ethnologue: Languages of the World</i> (16th ed.). Dallas, Tex.: SIL International. Hinango noong 2009-12-16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OfficialLang-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-OfficialLang_111-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFJoselito_Guianan_Chan,_Managing_Partner" class="citation web cs1">Joselito Guianan Chan, Managing Partner. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071110234327/http://www.chanrobles.com/article14language.htm">"1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines, Article XIV, Section 7"</a>. Chan Robles & Associates Law Firm. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chanrobles.com/article14language.htm">orihinal</a> noong 2007-11-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2013-05-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1987+Constitution+of+the+Republic+of+the+Philippines%2C+Article+XIV%2C+Section+7.&rft.pub=Chan+Robles+%26amp%3B+Associates+Law+Firm&rft.au=Joselito+Guianan+Chan%2C+Managing+Partner&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chanrobles.com%2Farticle14language.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2006census-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2006census_112-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFRepublic_of_the_Philippines._National_Statistics_Office.2003" class="citation web cs1">Republic of the Philippines. National Statistics Office. (2003-02-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120610051606/http://www.census.gov.ph/data/pressrelease/2003/pr0323tx.html">"2000 Census: Additional Three Persons Per Minute"</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.census.gov.ph/data/pressrelease/2003/pr0323tx.html">orihinal</a> noong 2012-06-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2008-01-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2000+Census%3A+Additional+Three+Persons+Per+Minute&rft.date=2003-02-18&rft.au=Republic+of+the+Philippines.+National+Statistics+Office.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov.ph%2Fdata%2Fpressrelease%2F2003%2Fpr0323tx.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-113">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161119145842/http://www.ncmf.gov.ph/">"Archive copy"</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncmf.gov.ph/">orihinal</a> noong 2016-11-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2014-08-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archive+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncmf.gov.ph%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UN-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-UN_114-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/humandevelopment0000unse_y2f1"><i>Table G: Human development and index trends, Table I: Human and income poverty</i></a>. United Nations Development Programme. 2009. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-0-230-23904-3" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-0-230-23904-3"><bdi>978-0-230-23904-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Table+G%3A+Human+development+and+index+trends%2C+Table+I%3A+Human+and+income+poverty&rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-230-23904-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhumandevelopment0000unse_y2f1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-115">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Republic of the Philippines. Department of Education. (2010-09-23).<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deped.gov.ph/cpanel/uploads/issuanceImg/2010%20_Sept23.xls">Fact Sheet – Basic Education Statistics</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511190454/http://www.deped.gov.ph/cpanel/uploads/issuanceImg/2010%20_Sept23.xls">Naka-arkibo</a> 2011-05-11 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Hinango noong 2010-04-17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CHED-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CHED_116-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Republic of the Philippines. Commission on Higher Education. (Agosto 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110704102629/http://202.57.63.198/chedwww/index.php/eng/Information">Information on Higher Education System</a>. <i>Official Website of the Commission on Higher Education</i>. Hinango noong 2011-04-17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-117">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Republic of the Philippines. Department of Education. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716160809/http://www.deped.gov.ph/about_deped/history.asp">"Historical Perspective of the Philippine Educational System"</a>. Hinango noong 2009-12-14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown-Ganguly-2003-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Brown-Ganguly-2003_118-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFBrownGanguly2003" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Michael Edward; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumit_Ganguly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sumit Ganguly (hindi pa naisusulat)">Ganguly, Sumit</a>, mga pat. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fcoDezu1ABoC"><i>Fighting Words: Language Policy and Ethnic Relations in Asia</i></a>. BCSIA Studies in International Security. Cambridge, Mass.: <a href="/w/index.php?title=MIT_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MIT Press (hindi pa naisusulat)">MIT Press</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fcoDezu1ABoC&pg=PA323">323–325</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-0-262-52333-2" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-0-262-52333-2"><bdi>978-0-262-52333-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fighting+Words%3A+Language+Policy+and+Ethnic+Relations+in+Asia&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Mass.&rft.series=BCSIA+Studies+in+International+Security&rft.pages=323-325&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-262-52333-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfcoDezu1ABoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-119">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFKitley2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kitley, Philip, pat. (29 Agosto 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rb2AAgAAQBAJ"><i>Television, Regulation and Civil Society in Asia</i></a> (sa wikang Ingles). London, England: <a href="/w/index.php?title=RoutledgeCurzon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RoutledgeCurzon (hindi pa naisusulat)">RoutledgeCurzon</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rb2AAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA140">140</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-1-134-43194-6" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-1-134-43194-6"><bdi>978-1-134-43194-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Television%2C+Regulation+and+Civil+Society+in+Asia&rft.place=London%2C+England&rft.pages=140&rft.pub=RoutledgeCurzon&rft.date=2003-08-29&rft.isbn=978-1-134-43194-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Drb2AAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-120">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFDeocampo2017" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Deocampo, Nick (9 Nobyembre 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WzaWDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT510"><i>Film: American Influences on Philippine Cinema</i></a> (sa wikang Ingles). Mandaluyong, Philippines: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anvil_Publishing,_Inc.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anvil Publishing, Inc. (hindi pa naisusulat)">Anvil Publishing, Inc.</a> <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-971-27-2896-9" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-971-27-2896-9"><bdi>978-971-27-2896-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Film%3A+American+Influences+on+Philippine+Cinema&rft.place=Mandaluyong%2C+Philippines&rft.pub=Anvil+Publishing%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2017-11-09&rft.isbn=978-971-27-2896-9&rft.aulast=Deocampo&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWzaWDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT510&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-121">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFLucas2011" class="citation web cs1">Lucas, Daxim L. (September 13, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111116070555/http://technology.inquirer.net/4101/filipinos-seek-info-on-web-rich-prefer-newspapers/">"Filipinos seek info on Web; rich prefer newspapers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Daily_Inquirer" title="Philippine Daily Inquirer">Philippine Daily Inquirer</a></i>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://technology.inquirer.net/4101/filipinos-seek-info-on-web-rich-prefer-newspapers">orihinal</a> noong November 16, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">August 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Filipinos+seek+info+on+Web%3B+rich+prefer+newspapers&rft.date=2011-09-13&rft.aulast=Lucas&rft.aufirst=Daxim+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechnology.inquirer.net%2F4101%2Ffilipinos-seek-info-on-web-rich-prefer-newspapers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite has empty unknown parameter: <code class="cs1-code">|1=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#param_unknown_empty" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNNPH-SWSFacebook-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CNNPH-SWSFacebook_122-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190703110139/https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2019/6/30/facebook-news-source-filipino-adults.html">"SWS: Facebook next to TV as Filipinos' top source of news"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN_Philippines" title="CNN Philippines">CNN Philippines</a></i>. June 30, 2019. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2019/6/30/facebook-news-source-filipino-adults.html">orihinal</a> noong July 3, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">August 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN+Philippines&rft.atitle=SWS%3A+Facebook+next+to+TV+as+Filipinos%27+top+source+of+news&rft.date=2019-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnnphilippines.com%2Fnews%2F2019%2F6%2F30%2Ffacebook-news-source-filipino-adults.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APilipinas" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite has empty unknown parameter: <code class="cs1-code">|1=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#param_unknown_empty" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_Pilipinas-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_Pilipinas_123-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/country_profiles/1262783.stm">Country profile: The Philippines</a>. (2009-12-08). <i>BBC News</i>. Hinango noong 2009-12-20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ratings-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ratings_124-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Santiago, Erwin (2010-04-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110623102641/http://www.pep.ph/news/25288/AGB-Mega-Manila-TV-Ratings-%28April-7-11%29:-Agua-Bendita-pulls-away">AGB Mega Manila TV Ratings (Abril 7–11): <i>Agua Bendita</i> pulls away</a>. Hinango noong 2010-05-23 mula sa Philippine Entertainment Portal Website.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Celebrity-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Celebrity_125-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/world/asia/displaystory.cfm?story_id=9084791">"The Philippines' celebrity-obsessed elections"</a>. (2007-04-26). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Economist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Economist (hindi pa naisusulat)">The Economist</a></i>. Hinango noong 2010-01-15.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_palabas_na_kawing">Mga palabas na kawing</h2></div> <table class="navbox" style="width: 80%; font-size:95%; margin:0.5em auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="5%" style="text-align: center; !important" rowspan="5"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Compass_rose_pale.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/50px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/75px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/100px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </td> <td width="30%" style="text-align: center; !important"><i><a href="/wiki/Biyetnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Biyetnam">Biyetnam</a></i> </td> <td width="30%" style="text-align: center; !important"><i><a href="/wiki/Taywan" class="mw-redirect" title="Taywan">Taywan</a></i><br /><i>Bashi Channel</i> </td> <td width="30%" style="text-align: center; !important"><i><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a></i> </td> <td width="5%" style="text-align: center; padding: 0px; !important" rowspan="5"> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td height="5%" valign="top"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1843287"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-tingnan"><a href="/wiki/Padron:Geographic_Location" title="Padron:Geographic Location"><abbr title="Tingnan ang padron">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-usapan"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usapang_padron:Geographic_Location&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usapang padron:Geographic Location (hindi pa naisusulat)"><abbr title="Pag-usapan ang padron">u</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-baguhin"><a class="external text" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Padron:Geographic_Location&action=edit"><abbr title="Baguhin ang padron">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Compass_rose_pale.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/50px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/75px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/100px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td height="5%" style="font-size:xx-small;">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="30%" style="text-align: center; !important" rowspan="3"><i><a href="/wiki/Biyetnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Biyetnam">Biyetnam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dagat_Luzon" class="mw-redirect" title="Dagat Luzon">Dagat Luzon</a></i> </td> <td width="30%" style="text-align: center; !important"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:North.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="North"><img alt="North" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/17px-North.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/26px-North.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/34px-North.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /></a></span> </td> <td width="30%" style="text-align: center; !important" rowspan="3"><i><a href="/wiki/Dagat_Pilipinas" title="Dagat Pilipinas">Dagat Pilipinas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="30%" style="text-align: center; !important" nowrap="nowrap"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:West.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="West"><img alt="West" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/17px-West.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/26px-West.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/34px-West.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /></a></span>   <b>Pilipinas</b>    <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Boxed_East_arrow.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="East"><img alt="East" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/17px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/26px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/34px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="30%" style="text-align: center; !important"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:South.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="South"><img alt="South" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/17px-South.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/26px-South.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/34px-South.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="30%" style="text-align: center; !important"><i><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></i> </td> <td width="30%" style="text-align: center; !important"><i><a href="/wiki/Indonesya" title="Indonesya">Indonesya</a></i> </td> <td width="30%" style="text-align: center; !important"><i><a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a></i> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mga_pahinang_opisyal">Mga pahinang opisyal</h3></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.ph">www.gov.ph</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120101105754/http://www.gov.ph/">Naka-arkibo</a> 2012-01-01 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. - Portal ng Pamahalaan ng Pilipinas</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.op.gov.ph">www.op.gov.ph</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070609185330/http://www.op.gov.ph/">Naka-arkibo</a> 2007-06-09 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. - Tanggapan ng Pangulo</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ovp.gov.ph">www.ovp.gov.ph</a> Tanggapan ng Pangalawang Pangulo</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.senate.gov.ph">www.senate.gov.ph</a> - Senado</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.congress.gov.ph">www.congress.gov.ph</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200604085514/http://www.congress.gov.ph/">Naka-arkibo</a> 2020-06-04 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. - Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.supremecourt.gov.ph">www.supremecourt.gov.ph</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080512084154/http://www.supremecourt.gov.ph/">Naka-arkibo</a> 2008-05-12 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. - Kataas-taasang Hukuman</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comelec.gov.ph">www.comelec.gov.ph</a> - Komisyon sa Halalan</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dfa.gov.ph">www.dfa.gov.ph</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061205235233/http://www.dfa.gov.ph/">Naka-arkibo</a> 2006-12-05 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. - Kagawaran ng Ugnayang Panlabas</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itsmorefuninthephilippines.com">www.itsmorefuninthephilippines.com</a> - Kagawaran ng Turismo</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afp.mil.ph">www.afp.mil.ph</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020326211321/http://www.afp.mil.ph/">Naka-arkibo</a> 2002-03-26 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. - Sandatahang Lakas ng Pilipinas</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.gabinete.ph">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930020506/http://www.gabinete.ph/">Naka-arkibo</a> 2007-09-30 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. - Kagawaran na bumubuo sa Gabinete sa Pilipinas 2005</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kasaysayan_2">Kasaysayan</h3></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elaput.com/">Mga Panahon ng Pilipino: A Web of Philippine Histories</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mga_pahinang_pambalita">Mga pahinang pambalita</h3></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://friendly.ph/newsfeed/">Friendly Philippines News Online</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abs-cbnnews.com">ABS-CBN News</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inq7.net">Philippine Daily Inquirer at GMA News</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philstar.com">Philippine Star</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mb.com.ph">The Manila Bulletin Online</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.manilatimes.net">The Manila Times Online</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sunstar.com.ph">Sun Star Network Online</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tribune.net.ph">The Daily Tribune Online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211221083336/https://tribune.net.ph/">Naka-arkibo</a> 2021-12-21 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.malaya.com.ph">Malaya Online</a></li></ul> <div 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<i>Philippines</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050719013926/http://dir.yahoo.com/Regional/Countries/Philippines">Naka-arkibo</a> 2005-07-19 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. directory category</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.yahoo.com/fc?tmpl=fc&cid=34&in=world&cat=philippines">Yahoo! 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href="http://www.asinah.org/travel-guides/philippines.html">Philippines Travel Info</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051223151315/http://www.asinah.org/travel-guides/philippines.html">Naka-arkibo</a> 2005-12-23 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asinah.org/blog/">Blog</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050328203747/http://www.asinah.org/blog/">Naka-arkibo</a> 2005-03-28 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://inogami.com/paradise-philippines/category/paradise-philippines/">Philippines Travel Guide</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070910222553/http://inogami.com/paradise-philippines/category/paradise-philippines/">Naka-arkibo</a> 2007-09-10 sa <a 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1843287"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-tingnan"><a href="/wiki/Padron:Lalawigan_ng_Pilipinas" title="Padron:Lalawigan ng Pilipinas"><abbr title="Tingnan ang padron">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-usapan"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usapang_padron:Lalawigan_ng_Pilipinas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usapang padron:Lalawigan ng Pilipinas (hindi pa naisusulat)"><abbr title="Pag-usapan ang padron">u</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-baguhin"><a class="external text" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Padron:Lalawigan_ng_Pilipinas&action=edit"><abbr title="Baguhin ang padron">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrasyon_ng_Pilipinas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mga_lalawigan_ng_Pilipinas" title="Mga lalawigan ng Pilipinas">Administrasyon ng Pilipinas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Pilipinas" title="Pilipinas"><img alt="Pilipinas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><a href="/wiki/Republika_ng_Pilipinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Republika ng Pilipinas">Republika ng Pilipinas</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rehiyon_I_(Pilipinas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rehiyon I (Pilipinas)">Rehiyon I</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Lalawigan</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Norte" title="Ilocos Norte">Ilocos Norte</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Sur" title="Ilocos Sur">Ilocos Sur</a> • <a href="/wiki/La_Union" title="La Union">La Union</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pangasinan" title="Pangasinan">Pangasinan</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Lungsod</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Alaminos,_Pangasinan" title="Alaminos, Pangasinan">Alaminos</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lungsod_ng_Batac" class="mw-redirect" title="Lungsod ng Batac">Batac</a> • <a href="/wiki/Candon" title="Candon">Candon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dagupan" title="Dagupan">Dagupan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Laoag" title="Laoag">Laoag</a> • <a href="/wiki/San_Carlos,_Pangasinan" title="San Carlos, Pangasinan">San Carlos</a> • <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando,_La_Union" title="San Fernando, La Union">San Fernando</a> • <a href="/wiki/Urdaneta" title="Urdaneta">Urdaneta</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vigan" title="Vigan">Vigan</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="18" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="568" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lambak_ng_Cagayan" title="Lambak ng Cagayan">Rehiyon II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Lalawigan</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Batanes" title="Batanes">Batanes</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cagayan" title="Cagayan">Cagayan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Isabela_(lalawigan)" title="Isabela (lalawigan)">Isabela</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nueva_Vizcaya" title="Nueva Vizcaya">Nueva Vizcaya</a> • <a href="/wiki/Quirino" title="Quirino">Quirino</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Lungsod</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Cauayan,_Isabela" title="Cauayan, Isabela">Cauayan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ilagan" title="Ilagan">Ilagan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Santiago,_Isabela" title="Santiago, Isabela">Santiago</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tuguegarao" title="Tuguegarao">Tuguegarao</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gitnang_Luzon" title="Gitnang Luzon">Rehiyon III</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Lalawigan</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Aurora" class="mw-redirect" title="Aurora">Aurora</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bataan" title="Bataan">Bataan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bulacan" title="Bulacan">Bulacan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nueva_Ecija" title="Nueva Ecija">Nueva Ecija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pampanga" title="Pampanga">Pampanga</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tarlac" title="Tarlac">Tarlac</a> • <a href="/wiki/Zambales" title="Zambales">Zambales</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Lungsod</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Angeles" title="Angeles">Angeles</a> • <a href="/wiki/Balanga" title="Balanga">Balanga</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cabanatuan" title="Cabanatuan">Cabanatuan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gapan" title="Gapan">Gapan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mabalacat" title="Mabalacat">Mabalacat</a> • <a href="/wiki/Malolos" title="Malolos">Malolos</a> • <a href="/wiki/Meycauayan" title="Meycauayan">Meycauayan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mu%C3%B1oz" title="Muñoz">Muñoz</a> • <a href="/wiki/Olongapo" title="Olongapo">Olongapo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Palayan,_Nueva_Ecija" title="Palayan, Nueva Ecija">Palayan</a> • <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando,_Pampanga" title="San Fernando, Pampanga">San Fernando</a> • <a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_Nueva_Ecija" title="San Jose, Nueva Ecija">San Jose</a> • <a href="/wiki/San_Jose_del_Monte" title="San Jose del Monte">San Jose del Monte</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lungsod_ng_Tarlac" title="Lungsod ng Tarlac">Lungsod ng Tarlac</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rehiyon IV</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/CALABARZON" class="mw-redirect" title="CALABARZON">Rehiyon IV-A</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Lalawigan</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Batangas" title="Batangas">Batangas</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kabite" title="Kabite">Cavite</a> • <a href="/wiki/Laguna" title="Laguna">Laguna</a> • <a href="/wiki/Quezon" title="Quezon">Quezon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rizal" title="Rizal">Rizal</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Lungsod</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Antipolo" title="Antipolo">Antipolo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bacoor" title="Bacoor">Bacoor</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lungsod_ng_Batangas" title="Lungsod ng Batangas">Lungsod ng Batangas</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lungsod_ng_Bi%C3%B1an" class="mw-redirect" title="Lungsod ng Biñan">Biñan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cabuyao" title="Cabuyao">Cabuyao</a> • <a href="/wiki/Calamba,_Laguna" title="Calamba, Laguna">Calamba</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lungsod_ng_Cavite" title="Lungsod ng Cavite">Lungsod ng Cavite</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dasmari%C3%B1as" title="Dasmariñas">Dasmariñas</a> • <a href="/wiki/Heneral_Trias" title="Heneral Trias">General Trias</a> • <a href="/wiki/Imus" title="Imus">Imus</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lipa,_Batangas" title="Lipa, Batangas">Lipa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lucena" title="Lucena">Lucena</a> • <a href="/wiki/San_Pablo,_Laguna" title="San Pablo, Laguna">San Pablo</a> • <a href="/wiki/San_Pedro,_Laguna" title="San Pedro, Laguna">San Pedro</a> • <a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa,_Laguna" title="Santa Rosa, Laguna">Santa Rosa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Santo_Tomas,_Batangas" title="Santo Tomas, Batangas">Santo Tomas</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tagaytay" title="Tagaytay">Tagaytay</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tanauan,_Batangas" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanauan, Batangas">Tanauan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lungsod_ng_Tayabas" class="mw-redirect" title="Lungsod ng Tayabas">Tayabas</a> • <a href="/wiki/Trece_Martires" title="Trece Martires">Trece Martires</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/MIMAROPA" title="MIMAROPA">Rehiyon IV-B</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Lalawigan</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Marinduque" title="Marinduque">Marinduque</a> • <a href="/wiki/Occidental_Mindoro" title="Occidental Mindoro">Occidental Mindoro</a> • <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Mindoro" title="Oriental Mindoro">Oriental Mindoro</a> • <a href="/wiki/Palawan" title="Palawan">Palawan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Romblon" title="Romblon">Romblon</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Lungsod</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Calapan" title="Calapan">Calapan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Princesa" title="Puerto Princesa">Puerto Princesa</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kabikulan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabikulan">Rehiyon V</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Lalawigan</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Albay" title="Albay">Albay</a> • <a href="/wiki/Camarines_Norte" title="Camarines Norte">Camarines Norte</a> • <a href="/wiki/Camarines_Sur" title="Camarines Sur">Camarines Sur</a> • <a href="/wiki/Catanduanes" title="Catanduanes">Catanduanes</a> • <a href="/wiki/Masbate" title="Masbate">Masbate</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sorsogon" title="Sorsogon">Sorsogon</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Lungsod</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Iriga" title="Iriga">Iriga</a> • <a href="/wiki/Legazpi,_Albay" title="Legazpi, Albay">Legazpi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ligao" title="Ligao">Ligao</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lungsod_ng_Masbate" title="Lungsod ng Masbate">Lungsod ng Masbate</a> • <a href="/wiki/Naga,_Camarines_Sur" title="Naga, Camarines Sur">Naga</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lungsod_ng_Sorsogon" title="Lungsod ng Sorsogon">Lungsod ng Sorsogon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tabaco" title="Tabaco">Tabaco</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kanlurang_Kabisayaan" title="Kanlurang Kabisayaan">Rehiyon VI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Lalawigan</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Aklan" title="Aklan">Aklan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Antique" title="Antique">Antique</a> • <a href="/wiki/Capiz" title="Capiz">Capiz</a> • <a href="/wiki/Guimaras" title="Guimaras">Guimaras</a> • <a href="/wiki/Iloilo" title="Iloilo">Iloilo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Negros_Occidental" title="Negros Occidental">Negros Occidental</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Lungsod</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Bacolod" title="Bacolod">Bacolod</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bago,_Negros_Occidental" title="Bago, Negros Occidental">Bago</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cadiz,_Negros_Occidental" title="Cadiz, Negros Occidental">Cadiz</a> • <a href="/wiki/Escalante" title="Escalante">Escalante</a> • <a href="/wiki/Himamaylan" title="Himamaylan">Himamaylan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lungsod_ng_Iloilo" title="Lungsod ng Iloilo">Lungsod ng Iloilo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kabankalan" title="Kabankalan">Kabankalan</a> • <a href="/wiki/La_Carlota" title="La Carlota">La Carlota</a> • <a href="/wiki/Passi" title="Passi">Passi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Roxas,_Capiz" title="Roxas, Capiz">Roxas</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sagay,_Negros_Occidental" title="Sagay, Negros Occidental">Sagay</a> • <a href="/wiki/San_Carlos,_Negros_Occidental" title="San Carlos, Negros Occidental">San Carlos</a> • <a href="/wiki/Silay" title="Silay">Silay</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lungsod_ng_Sipalay" class="mw-redirect" title="Lungsod ng Sipalay">Sipalay</a> • <a href="/wiki/Talisay,_Negros_Occidental" title="Talisay, Negros Occidental">Talisay</a> • <a href="/wiki/Victorias" title="Victorias">Victorias</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gitnang_Kabisayaan" title="Gitnang Kabisayaan">Rehiyon VII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Lalawigan</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Bohol" title="Bohol">Bohol</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cebu" title="Cebu">Cebu</a> • <a href="/wiki/Negros_Oriental" title="Negros Oriental">Negros Oriental</a> • <a href="/wiki/Siquijor" title="Siquijor">Siquijor</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Lungsod</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Bais" title="Bais">Bais</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bayawan" title="Bayawan">Bayawan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bogo" title="Bogo">Bogo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Canlaon" title="Canlaon">Canlaon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Carcar" title="Carcar">Carcar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lungsod_ng_Cebu" title="Lungsod ng Cebu">Cebu</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lungsod_ng_Danao" class="mw-redirect" title="Lungsod ng Danao">Danao</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dumaguete" title="Dumaguete">Dumaguete</a> • <a href="/wiki/Guihulngan" title="Guihulngan">Guihulngan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lungsod_ng_Lapu-Lapu" title="Lungsod ng Lapu-Lapu">Lapu-Lapu</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mandaue" title="Mandaue">Mandaue</a> • <a href="/wiki/Naga,_Cebu" title="Naga, Cebu">Naga</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tagbilaran" title="Tagbilaran">Tagbilaran</a> • <a href="/wiki/Talisay,_Cebu" title="Talisay, Cebu">Talisay</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tanjay" title="Tanjay">Tanjay</a> • <a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Cebu" title="Toledo, Cebu">Toledo</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Silangang_Kabisayaan" title="Silangang Kabisayaan">Rehiyon VIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Lalawigan</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Biliran" title="Biliran">Biliran</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hilagang_Samar" title="Hilagang Samar">Hilagang Samar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Katimugang_Leyte" title="Katimugang Leyte">Katimugang Leyte</a> • <a href="/wiki/Leyte" title="Leyte">Leyte</a> • <a href="/wiki/Samar_(lalawigan)" title="Samar (lalawigan)">Samar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Silangang_Samar" title="Silangang Samar">Silangang Samar</a> • </b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Lungsod</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Baybay,_Leyte" title="Baybay, Leyte">Baybay</a> • <a href="/wiki/Borongan" title="Borongan">Borongan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Calbayog" title="Calbayog">Calbayog</a> • <a href="/wiki/Catbalogan" title="Catbalogan">Catbalogan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Maasin" title="Maasin">Maasin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ormoc" title="Ormoc">Ormoc</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tacloban" title="Tacloban">Tacloban</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tangway_ng_Zamboanga" title="Tangway ng Zamboanga">Rehiyon IX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Lalawigan</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_del_Norte" title="Zamboanga del Norte">Zamboanga del Norte</a> • <a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_Sibugay" title="Zamboanga Sibugay">Zamboanga Sibugay</a> • <a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_del_Sur" title="Zamboanga del Sur">Zamboanga del Sur</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Lungsod</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Dapitan" title="Dapitan">Dapitan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dipolog" title="Dipolog">Dipolog</a> • <a href="/wiki/Isabela,_Basilan" title="Isabela, Basilan">Isabela</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pagadian" title="Pagadian">Pagadian</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lungsod_ng_Zamboanga" title="Lungsod ng Zamboanga">Lungsod ng Zamboanga</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hilagang_Mindanao" title="Hilagang Mindanao">Rehiyon X</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Lalawigan</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Bukidnon" title="Bukidnon">Bukidnon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Camiguin" title="Camiguin">Camiguin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lanao_del_Norte" title="Lanao del Norte">Lanao del Norte</a> • <a href="/wiki/Misamis_Occidental" title="Misamis Occidental">Misamis Occidental</a> • <a href="/wiki/Misamis_Oriental" title="Misamis Oriental">Misamis Oriental</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Lungsod</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Cagayan_de_Oro" title="Cagayan de Oro">Cagayan de Oro</a> • <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador,_Misamis_Oriental" title="El Salvador, Misamis Oriental">El Salvador</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gingoog" title="Gingoog">Gingoog</a> • <a href="/wiki/Iligan" title="Iligan">Iligan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Malaybalay" title="Malaybalay">Malaybalay</a> • <a href="/wiki/Oroquieta" title="Oroquieta">Oroquieta</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ozamiz" title="Ozamiz">Ozamiz</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tangub" title="Tangub">Tangub</a> • <a href="/wiki/Valencia,_Bukidnon" title="Valencia, Bukidnon">Valencia</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rehiyon_ng_Davao" title="Rehiyon ng Davao">Rehiyon XI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Lalawigan</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Davao_de_Oro" title="Davao de Oro">Davao de Oro</a> • <a href="/wiki/Davao_del_Norte" title="Davao del Norte">Davao del Norte</a> • <a href="/wiki/Davao_Oriental" title="Davao Oriental">Davao Oriental</a> • <a href="/wiki/Davao_Occidental" title="Davao Occidental">Davao Occidental</a> • <a href="/wiki/Davao_del_Sur" title="Davao del Sur">Davao del Sur</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Lungsod</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Lungsod_ng_Dabaw" title="Lungsod ng Dabaw">Lungsod ng Davao</a> • <a href="/wiki/Digos" title="Digos">Digos</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mati" title="Mati">Mati</a> • <a href="/wiki/Panabo" title="Panabo">Panabo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Samal,_Davao_del_Norte" title="Samal, Davao del Norte">Samal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tagum" title="Tagum">Tagum</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/SOCCSKSARGEN" class="mw-redirect" title="SOCCSKSARGEN">Rehiyon XII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Lalawigan</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Cotabato_(lalawigan)" title="Cotabato (lalawigan)">Cotabato</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sarangani" title="Sarangani">Sarangani</a> • <a href="/wiki/South_Cotabato" class="mw-redirect" title="South Cotabato">South Cotabato</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Kudarat" title="Sultan Kudarat">Sultan Kudarat</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Lungsod</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Heneral_Santos" title="Heneral Santos">General Santos</a>(Dadiangas) • <a href="/wiki/Kidapawan" title="Kidapawan">Kidapawan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Koronadal" title="Koronadal">Koronadal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tacurong" title="Tacurong">Tacurong</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Caraga" title="Caraga">Rehiyon XIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Lalawigan</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Agusan_del_Norte" title="Agusan del Norte">Agusan del Norte</a> • <a href="/wiki/Agusan_del_Sur" title="Agusan del Sur">Agusan del Sur</a> • <a href="/wiki/Surigao_del_Norte" title="Surigao del Norte">Surigao del Norte</a> • <a href="/wiki/Surigao_del_Sur" title="Surigao del Sur">Surigao del Sur</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Lungsod</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Bayugan" title="Bayugan">Bayugan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bislig" title="Bislig">Bislig</a> • <a href="/wiki/Butuan" title="Butuan">Butuan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cabadbaran" title="Cabadbaran">Cabadbaran</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lungsod_ng_Surigao" title="Lungsod ng Surigao">Lungsod ng Surigao</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tandag" title="Tandag">Tandag</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rehiyong_Pampangasiwaan_ng_Cordillera" class="mw-redirect" title="Rehiyong Pampangasiwaan ng Cordillera">CAR</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Lalawigan</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Abra" title="Abra">Abra</a> • <a href="/wiki/Apayao" title="Apayao">Apayao</a> • <a href="/wiki/Benguet" title="Benguet">Benguet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ifugao" title="Ifugao">Ifugao</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kalinga" title="Kalinga">Kalinga</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mountain_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain Province">Mountain Province</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Lungsod</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Baguio" title="Baguio">Baguio</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tabuk" title="Tabuk">Tabuk</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kalakhang_Maynila" title="Kalakhang Maynila">NCR</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Kabiserang Distrito</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Maynila" title="Maynila">Maynila</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Ikalawang Distrito</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Marikina" title="Marikina">Marikina</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mandaluyong" title="Mandaluyong">Mandaluyong</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pasig" title="Pasig">Pasig</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lungsod_Quezon" title="Lungsod Quezon">Lungsod Quezon</a> • <a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Kalakhang_Maynila" title="San Juan, Kalakhang Maynila">San Juan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Ikatlong Distrito</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Caloocan" title="Caloocan">Caloocan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Malabon" title="Malabon">Malabon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Navotas" title="Navotas">Navotas</a> • <a href="/wiki/Valenzuela,_Kalakhang_Maynila" class="mw-redirect" title="Valenzuela, Kalakhang Maynila">Valenzuela</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Distritong Katimugan</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Las_Pi%C3%B1as" title="Las Piñas">Las Piñas</a> • <a href="/wiki/Makati" title="Makati">Makati</a> • <a href="/wiki/Muntinlupa" title="Muntinlupa">Muntinlupa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Para%C3%B1aque" title="Parañaque">Parañaque</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pasay" title="Pasay">Pasay</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pateros" title="Pateros">Pateros</a> • <a href="/wiki/Taguig" title="Taguig">Taguig</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bangsamoro" title="Bangsamoro">BARMM</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Lalawigan</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Basilan" title="Basilan">Basilan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lanao_del_Sur" title="Lanao del Sur">Lanao del Sur</a> • <a href="/wiki/Maguindanao_del_Norte" title="Maguindanao del Norte">Maguindanao del Norte</a> • <a href="/wiki/Maguindanao_del_Sur" title="Maguindanao del Sur">Maguindanao del Sur</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sulu" title="Sulu">Sulu</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tawi-Tawi" title="Tawi-Tawi">Tawi-Tawi</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Lungsod</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Lungsod_ng_Cotabato" class="mw-redirect" title="Lungsod ng Cotabato">Lungsod ng Cotabato</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lamitan" title="Lamitan">Lamitan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Marawi" title="Marawi">Marawi</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mga ibang teritoryo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Talampas_Benham" title="Talampas Benham">Talampas Benham</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mga pinag-aagawang teritoryo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kapuluang_Spratly" title="Kapuluang Spratly">Kapuluang Spratly</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bajo_de_Masinloc" title="Bajo de Masinloc">Bajo de Masinloc</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Mga_lungsod_ng_Pilipinas" title="Mga lungsod ng Pilipinas">Mga Lungsod ng Pilipinas</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2023235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1924931"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="29pxSamahan_ng_mga_Bansa_sa_Timog-Silangang_AsyaAssociation_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations_/_ASEAN" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1843287"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-tingnan"><a href="/wiki/Padron:ASEAN" title="Padron:ASEAN"><abbr title="Tingnan ang padron">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-usapan"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usapang_padron:ASEAN&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usapang padron:ASEAN (hindi pa naisusulat)"><abbr title="Pag-usapan ang padron">u</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-baguhin"><a class="external text" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Padron:ASEAN&action=edit"><abbr title="Baguhin ang padron">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="29pxSamahan_ng_mga_Bansa_sa_Timog-Silangang_AsyaAssociation_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations_/_ASEAN" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Watawat_ng_ASEAN.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/tl/thumb/9/9f/Watawat_ng_ASEAN.svg/29px-Watawat_ng_ASEAN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/tl/thumb/9/9f/Watawat_ng_ASEAN.svg/44px-Watawat_ng_ASEAN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/tl/thumb/9/9f/Watawat_ng_ASEAN.svg/58px-Watawat_ng_ASEAN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="567" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Samahan_ng_mga_Bansa_sa_Timog-Silangang_Asya" title="Samahan ng mga Bansa sa Timog-Silangang Asya">Samahan ng mga Bansa sa Timog-Silangang Asya</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Association of Southeast Asian Nations / ASEAN</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> · <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Laos_(bansa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Laos (bansa)">Laos</a> · <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pilipinas</a> · <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> · <a href="/wiki/Taylandiya" title="Taylandiya">Taylandiya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Mga Bansang Tagamasid:</b> <a href="/wiki/Papua_Bagong_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Papua Bagong Guinea">Papua Bagong Guinea</a> · <a href="/wiki/Silangang_Timor" title="Silangang Timor">Silangang Timor</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2023235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1924931"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Unyong_Latino" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1843287"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-tingnan"><a href="/wiki/Padron:Latinunion" title="Padron:Latinunion"><abbr title="Tingnan ang padron">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-usapan"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usapang_padron:Latinunion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usapang padron:Latinunion (hindi pa naisusulat)"><abbr title="Pag-usapan ang padron">u</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-baguhin"><a class="external text" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Padron:Latinunion&action=edit"><abbr title="Baguhin ang padron">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Unyong_Latino" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Unyong_Latino" title="Unyong Latino">Unyong Latino</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> · <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a> · <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> · <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> · <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te_d%E2%80%99Ivoire" class="mw-redirect" title="Côte d’Ivoire">Côte d’Ivoire</a> · <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a> · <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> · <a href="/wiki/Dominikana" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominikana">Dominikana</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> · <a href="/wiki/Espanya" title="Espanya">Espanya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a> · <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ha%C3%AFti" class="mw-redirect" title="Haïti">Haïti</a> · <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a> · <a href="/wiki/Italya" title="Italya">Italya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mehiko" title="Mehiko">Mehiko</a> · <a href="/wiki/Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> · <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> · <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> · <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a> · <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pilipinas</a> · <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pransiya" title="Pransiya">Pransiya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Romania">România</a> · <a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a> · <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_at_Pr%C3%ADncipe" class="mw-redirect" title="São Tomé at Príncipe">São Tomé at Príncipe</a> · <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Silangang_Timor" title="Silangang Timor">Silangang Timor</a> · <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lungsod_ng_Vatican" class="mw-redirect" title="Lungsod ng Vatican">Vatican</a> · <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2023235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1924931"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mga_bansa_at_dependensiya_sa_Asya" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1843287"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-tingnan"><a href="/wiki/Padron:Asia_topic" title="Padron:Asia topic"><abbr title="Tingnan ang padron">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-usapan"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usapang_padron:Asia_topic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usapang padron:Asia topic (hindi pa naisusulat)"><abbr title="Pag-usapan ang padron">u</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-baguhin"><a class="external text" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Padron:Asia_topic&action=edit"><abbr title="Baguhin ang padron">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mga_bansa_at_dependensiya_sa_Asya" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Mga bansa at dependensiya sa <a href="/wiki/Asya" title="Asya">Asya</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states">Mga estadong soberano</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghanistan">Apganistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenia">Armenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijan">Aserbayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei_Darussalam" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunei Darussalam">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehipto" title="Ehipto">Ehipto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hapon" title="Hapon">Hapon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(bansa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia (bansa)">Heorhiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" class="mw-redirect" title="India">Indiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Irak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" 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= 1,\n [\"CITEREFHutchcroft2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJoselito_Guianan_Chan,_Managing_Partner\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKang2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKingsbury2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKitley2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLandler2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLarano2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLearyEllisMadlener1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLucas,_Brian2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLucas2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLucas2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLumDolven2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFManapat1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCoy2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMydans1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOxford_Business_Group2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPecotichShultz2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQuinn-Judge1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRankin1943\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRaquiza2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRebullida2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRegidor,_Anna_Kristine\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRepublic_of_the_Philippines._National_Statistical_Coordination_Board\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRepublic_of_the_Philippines._National_Statistics_Office.2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRepublic_of_the_Philippines._National_Statistics_Office.2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRepublic_of_the_Philippines._National_Statistics_Office.2009\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFRizal_G._Buendia2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRodell2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRomero2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSarDesai2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSuper_User\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTimberman1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUsman,_Edd_K.2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFValmero\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVenzon2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVera2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVogl2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWing2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFvan_Erven1992\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"ASEAN\"] = 1,\n [\"As of\"] = 2,\n [\"Asya\"] = 1,\n [\"Canadian City Geographic Location (8-way)\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 3,\n [\"Center\"] = 1,\n [\"Circa\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 21,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 7,\n [\"Cite report\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 53,\n [\"Convert\"] = 24,\n [\"Coord\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 3,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox country\"] = 1,\n [\"Languageicon\"] = 2,\n [\"Latinunion\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 15,\n [\"Mga pinakamalaking lungsod ng Pilipinas\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 2,\n [\"Native name\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 3,\n [\"Parabr\"] = 1,\n [\"Philippines labelled map\"] = 1,\n [\"Philippines political divisions\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-vandalism\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"See\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 1,\n [\"Sigfig\"] = 10,\n [\"Small\"] = 1,\n [\"Tingnan din\"] = 1,\n [\"Unbulleted list\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 25,\n [\"Wide image\"] = 2,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-575f5bd7c9-gfflz","timestamp":"20250226022827","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script 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