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<li id="toc-Chuyue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chuyue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Chuyue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chuyue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tiele" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tiele"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Tiele</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tiele-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shatuo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shatuo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Shatuo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shatuo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_Shatuo_(7-8th_century)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Shatuo_(7-8th_century)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early Shatuo (7-8th century)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Shatuo_(7-8th_century)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tang_subjects_(9th_century)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tang_subjects_(9th_century)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Tang subjects (9th century)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tang_subjects_(9th_century)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Li_Keyong" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Li_Keyong"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Li Keyong</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Li_Keyong-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Five_Dynasties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Five_Dynasties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Five Dynasties</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Five_Dynasties-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Five Dynasties subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Five_Dynasties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Later_Tang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_Tang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Later Tang</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_Tang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_Jin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_Jin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Later Jin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_Jin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_Han_and_Northern_Han" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_Han_and_Northern_Han"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Later Han and Northern Han</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_Han_and_Northern_Han-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Song_dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Song_dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Song dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Song_dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Physical_appearance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physical_appearance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Physical appearance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physical_appearance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surnames_of_Shatuo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surnames_of_Shatuo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Surnames of Shatuo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surnames_of_Shatuo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eatolar" title="Şatolar – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şatolar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BE" title="Шатуо – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Шатуо" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shatuo" title="Shatuo – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Shatuo" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shatuo" title="Shatuo – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Shatuo" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shatuo" title="Shatuo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Shatuo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%83%80%EB%B6%80" title="사타부 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사타부" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shatuo" title="Shatuo – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Shatuo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shatuo" title="Shatuo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Shatuo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E9%99%80%E6%97%8F" title="沙陀族 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="沙陀族" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8-%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Тюрки-шато – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тюрки-шато" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shatuo" title="Shatuo – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Shatuo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eatuo" title="Şatuo – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Şatuo" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Шато (народ) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шато (народ)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa_%C4%90%C3%A0" title="Sa Đà – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sa Đà" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E9%99%80" title="沙陀 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="沙陀" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E9%99%80%E9%83%A8" title="沙陀部 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="沙陀部" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Shatuo_Dam" title="Shatuo Dam">Shatuo Dam</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Shatuo</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani" style="font-size: 1rem;">沙陀</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Shātuó</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Sha<sup>1</sup>-tʻo<sup>2</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data">/ʂä⁵⁵ tʰwɔ³⁵/</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Chinese" title="Middle Chinese">Middle Chinese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Chinese" title="Middle Chinese">Middle Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Late Middle Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ltc-Latn">/ʃˠa dɑ/</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Shatuo Turks</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani" style="font-size: 1rem;">沙陀突厥</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Shātuó Tūjué</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Sha<sup>1</sup>-tʻo<sup>2</sup> Tʻu<sup>1</sup>-chüeh<sup>2</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data">/ʂä⁵⁵ tʰwɔ³⁵ tʰu⁵⁵ t͡ɕɥɛ³⁵/</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Chinese" title="Middle Chinese">Middle Chinese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Chinese" title="Middle Chinese">Middle Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Late Middle Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ltc-Latn">/ʃˠa dɑ tʰuət̚ kɨut̚/</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_history" title="Turkic history">History of the Turkic peoples</a> <small>pre–14th century</small></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Court_of_Seljuk_ruler_Tughril_III.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Court of Seljuk ruler Tughril III, circa 1200 CE."><img alt="Court of Seljuk ruler Tughril III, circa 1200 CE." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Court_of_Seljuk_ruler_Tughril_III.jpg/250px-Court_of_Seljuk_ruler_Tughril_III.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Court_of_Seljuk_ruler_Tughril_III.jpg/375px-Court_of_Seljuk_ruler_Tughril_III.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Court_of_Seljuk_ruler_Tughril_III.jpg/500px-Court_of_Seljuk_ruler_Tughril_III.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2375" data-file-height="1022" /></a><figcaption>Court of Seljuk ruler Tughril III, circa 1200 CE.</figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:#000000; background: #eeeeee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic peoples</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #ccc;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.3em;"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Onogurs" title="Onogurs">Onogurs</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Turks" title="Oghuz Turks">Oghuz Turks</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Saragurs" title="Saragurs">Saragurs</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Utigurs" title="Utigurs">Utigurs</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Bulgars" title="Bulgars">Bulgars</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sabir_people" title="Sabir people">Sabir</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kutrigurs" title="Kutrigurs">Kutrigurs</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Karluks" title="Karluks">Karluks</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Yemek" title="Yemek">Kimek</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kipchaks" title="Kipchaks">Kipchaks</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Black_Klobuks" title="Black Klobuks">Cherniye Klobuki</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghurs</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatars</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kumyks" title="Kumyks">Kumyks</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Yakuts" title="Yakuts">Yakuts</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Dolgans" title="Dolgans">Dolgans</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Krymchaks" title="Krymchaks">Krymchaks</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Karaites" title="Crimean Karaites">Crimean Karaites</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:#000000; background: #eeeeee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic Languages</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #ccc;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.3em;"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_language" title="Uyghur language">Uyghur</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Turkmen_language" title="Turkmen language">Turkmen</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Tatar_language" title="Tatar language">Tatar</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Bashkir_language" title="Bashkir language">Bashkir</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Chuvash_language" title="Chuvash language">Chuvash</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Qashqai_language" title="Qashqai language">Qasgqai</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Karakalpak_language" title="Karakalpak language">Karakalpak</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Yakut_language" title="Yakut language">Sakha</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kumyk_language" title="Kumyk language">Kumyk</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Karachay-Balkar" title="Karachay-Balkar">Karachay-Balkar</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Tuvan_language" title="Tuvan language">Tuvan</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Gagauz_language" title="Gagauz language">Gagauz</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Karaim_language" title="Karaim language">Karaim</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Krymchak_language" title="Krymchak language">Krymchak</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:#000000; background: #eeeeee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_mythology" title="Turkic mythology">Turkic Mythology</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #ccc;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.3em;"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> Belief system: <a href="/wiki/Tengrism" title="Tengrism">Tengrism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism">Shamanism</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> Chief gods and goddesses: <a href="/wiki/Kayra" title="Kayra">Kayra</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Clgen" title="Ülgen">Ülgen</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> Epics and heroes: <a href="/wiki/Epic_of_Ergenekon" title="Epic of Ergenekon">Ergenekon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asena" title="Asena">Asena</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> Major concepts: <a href="/wiki/Sheka_(mythology)" title="Sheka (mythology)">Sheka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grey_wolf_(mythology)" title="Grey wolf (mythology)">Grey wolf</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:#000000; background: #eeeeee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_history" title="Turkic history">Pre-14th century</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #ccc;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.3em;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Yenisei_Kyrgyz" title="Yenisei Kyrgyz">Yenisei Kyrgyz People</a></b> <small>202 BCE–13th CE</small></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Khaganate" title="Kyrgyz Khaganate">Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate</a></b></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Dingling" title="Dingling">Dingling</a></b> <small>71 BC–?? AD</small></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Tiele_people" title="Tiele people">Tiele (Gaoche) </a></b></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrks" title="Göktürks">Göktürks</a></b></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Turkic_Khaganate" title="First Turkic Khaganate">First Turkic Khaganate</a> <small>552–581</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Western Turkic Khaganate">Western Turkic Khaganate</a> <small>581–657</small></li></ul> <p>(<a href="/wiki/Tokhara_Yabghus" title="Tokhara Yabghus">Tokhara Yabghus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turk_Shahis" title="Turk Shahis">Turk Shahis</a>) </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Eastern Turkic Khaganate">Eastern Turkic Khaganate</a> <small>581–650</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Second Turkic Khaganate">Second Turkic Khaganate</a> <small>682–744</small></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Sabir_people" title="Sabir people">Sabiri People</a></b></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Khazars" title="Khazars">Khazar Khaganate</a></b> <small>618–1048</small></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Xueyantuo" title="Xueyantuo">Xueyantuo</a></b> <small>628–646</small></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Kangar_union" title="Kangar union">Kangar Union</a></b> <small>659–750</small></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Turk_Shahi" class="mw-redirect" title="Turk Shahi">Turk Shahi</a></b> <small>665-850</small></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrgesh" title="Türgesh">Türgesh Khaganate</a></b> <small>699–766</small></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Kimek%E2%80%93Kipchak_confederation" title="Kimek–Kipchak confederation">Kimek–Kipchak Confederation</a></b> <small>743–1035</small></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Khaganate" title="Uyghur Khaganate">Uyghur Khaganate</a></b> <small>744–840</small></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Yabgu_State" title="Oghuz Yabgu State">Oghuz Yabgu State</a></b> <small>750–1055</small></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Karluk_Yabgu_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Karluk Yabgu State">Karluk Yabgu State</a></b> <small>756–940</small></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Kara-Khanid_Khanate" title="Kara-Khanid Khanate">Kara-Khanid Khanate</a></b> <small>840–1212</small></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Kara-Khanid_Khanate#Kara-Khanid_dynasty" title="Kara-Khanid Khanate">Western Kara-Khanid</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kara-Khanid_Khanate#Kara-Khanid_dynasty" title="Kara-Khanid Khanate">Eastern Kara-Khanid</a></b></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Ganzhou_Uyghur_Kingdom" title="Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom">Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom</a></b> <small>848–1036</small></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Qocho" title="Qocho">Qocho</a></b> <small>856–1335</small></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Pechenegs" title="Pechenegs">Pecheneg Khanates</a></b> <small>860–1091</small></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Ghaznavids" title="Ghaznavids">Ghaznavid Empire</a></b> <small>963–1186</small></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Seljuk Empire</a></b> <small>1037–1194</small></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Rum" title="Sultanate of Rum">Sultanate of Rum</a></b></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Cumania" title="Cumania">Cuman–Kipchak Confederation</a></b> <small>1067–1239</small></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Khwarazmian_Empire" title="Khwarazmian Empire">Khwarazmian Empire</a></b> <small>1077–1231</small></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Keraites" title="Keraites">Kerait Khanate</a></b> <small>11th century–13th century</small></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Eldiguzids" title="Eldiguzids">Atabegs of Azerbaijan</a></b> <small>1136–1225</small></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a></b> <small>1206–1526</small></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_dynasty_(Delhi)" title="Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)">Mamluk dynasty</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Khalji_dynasty" title="Khalji dynasty">Khalji dynasty</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tughlaq_dynasty" title="Tughlaq dynasty">Tughlaq dynasty</a></b></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Qarlughids" title="Qarlughids">Qarlughid Kingdom</a></b> <small>1224–1266</small></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a></b> <small>1242–1502</small></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)">Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)</a></b> <small>1250–1517</small></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bahri_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahri dynasty">Bahri dynasty</a></b></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman State">Ottoman State</a></b> <small>1299–1922</small></th></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-top:0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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<p>The <b>Shatuo</b>, or the <b>Shatuo Turks</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">沙陀突厥</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Shātuó Tūjué</span></i>; also transcribed as <b>Sha-t'o</b>, Sanskrit <b><a href="/wiki/Sart" title="Sart">Sart</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Zuev_127_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zuev_127-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) were a <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a> tribe that heavily influenced northern Chinese politics from the late ninth century through the tenth century. They are noted for founding three, <a href="/wiki/Later_Tang" title="Later Tang">Later Tang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Later_Jin_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Jin (Five Dynasties)">Later Jin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Later_Han_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Han (Five Dynasties)">Later Han</a>, of the five dynasties and one, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Han" title="Northern Han">Northern Han</a>, of the ten kingdoms during the <a href="/wiki/Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_period" title="Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period">Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period</a>. The Northern Han would later be conquered by the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a>. Sometime before the 12th century, the Shatuo disappeared as a distinct ethnic group, many of them having become acculturated and assimilating into the general population around them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis2014xiii_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis2014xiii-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shatuo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chuyue">Chuyue</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shatuo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Chuyue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Shatuo tribe were descended mainly from the <a href="/wiki/Western_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Western Turkic Khaganate">Western Turkic</a> <a href="/wiki/Chigils" title="Chigils">Chuyue</a> tribe,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Atwood_2010_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atwood_2010-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who in turn belonged to a group of four <a href="/wiki/Chuy_valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Chuy valley">Chuy</a> tribes, collectively known as <a href="/wiki/Yueban" title="Yueban">Yueban</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Zuev_127_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zuev_127-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Yueban state survived to the end of the 480s when its independence was destroyed by the <a href="/wiki/Tiele_people" title="Tiele people">Tiele people</a>. After the fall of the state, the people of Yueban formed four tribes - Chuyue, Chumi, Chumuhun and Chuban. These tribes became major players in the later <a href="/wiki/First_Turkic_Khaganate" title="First Turkic Khaganate">First Turkic Khaganate</a> and thereafter.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Chuyue and Chumi did not belong to the dominant Onoq (Ten Arrows) Union, while Chumukun and <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDupan" title="Župan">Chuban</a> did.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tiele">Tiele</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shatuo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Tiele"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Other sources claim the Shatuo originated from the Tiele. The epitaph of Shatuo <a href="/wiki/Li_Keyong" title="Li Keyong">Li Keyong</a>, a late-Tang military commissioner (<a href="/wiki/Jiedushi" title="Jiedushi">jiedushi</a>), states that his clan's progenitor was "Yidu, Lord of the Xueyantuo state, an unrivaled general" (益度、薛延陀國君、無敵將軍),<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Xueyantuo" title="Xueyantuo">Xueyantuo</a> was a Tiele tribe.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other Chinese chroniclers traced the Shatuo's origins to a Tiele chief named *<i>Bayar</i> (拔也 <i>Baye</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ~ *<i>Bayïrku</i> (拔也古 <i>Bayegu</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Atwood_2010_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atwood_2010-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Song historian <a href="/wiki/Ouyang_Xiu" title="Ouyang Xiu">Ouyang Xiu</a> rejected the Bayïrku origin of Shatuo; he pointed out that the Bayïrku were contemporaries, not primordial ancestors, of the Shatuo's reigning clan Zhuxie, and that this Western Turkic kin-group adopted Shatuo as their tribal name and Zhuxie as surname after their chief Jinzhong (盡忠; lit. "Loyal to the Utmost") had moved into <a href="/wiki/Beiting_Protectorate" title="Beiting Protectorate">Beiting Protectorate</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Tang_Dezong" class="mw-redirect" title="Tang Dezong">Tang Dezong</a>'s time (r. 780 - 804).<sup id="cite_ref-Atwood_2010_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atwood_2010-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shatuo">Shatuo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shatuo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Shatuo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Chuyue tribe members who remained in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Turkic_Kaganate" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Turkic Kaganate">Western Turkic Kaganate</a>, under Onoq leadership, occupied territory east of the lake <a href="/wiki/Barkul" class="mw-redirect" title="Barkul">Barkul</a>, and were called, in Chinese, <i>Shatuo</i> (literally "sandy slope" or "gravel sands", i.e. desert). Shatuoji is also the name of a desert in northern <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis20163_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis20163-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Shatuo consisted of three sub-tribes: <a href="/wiki/Chigils" title="Chigils">Chuyue</a> (處月), <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrgesh" title="Türgesh">Suoge</a> (娑葛),<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>Anqing</i> (安慶), the last of whom were of <a href="/wiki/Sogdia" title="Sogdia">Sogdian</a> origins.<sup id="cite_ref-Atwood_2010_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atwood_2010-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Shatuo participated in wars on behalf of the Tang dynasty, including against other Turkic people like the Uyghur khaganate, which granted their leaders various titles and rewards. After a defeat of the Chuy by Tibetans in 808, the Chuy Shatuo branch asked China for protection, and moved into Inner China. After aiding in the suppression of the <a href="/wiki/Huang_Chao" title="Huang Chao">Huang Chao</a> uprising in 875–883, and establishing three out of five short-lived dynasties during the <a href="/wiki/Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_period" title="Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period">Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period</a> (907-960), their number in China fell down to between 50 and 100 thousand. </p><p>A detailed analysis of the term <i>Shatuo</i> (Sanskrit <i>Sart</i>) is given by Chjan Si-man.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their social and economic life was studied by W. Eberhard.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In "Tanghuyao" the Shato <a href="/wiki/Tamga" title="Tamga">tamga</a> is depicted as <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ShatoTamgaZuev.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/ShatoTamgaZuev.gif" decoding="async" width="14" height="25" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="14" data-file-height="25" /></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shatuo nobles established the <a href="/wiki/Later_Tang" title="Later Tang">Later Tang</a> dynasty of China (923-956).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol</a> period the Shatuo fell under the <a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Khanate" title="Chagatai Khanate">Chagatai Khanate</a>, and after its demise remained in its remnant in <a href="/wiki/Jetisu" title="Jetisu">Zhetysu</a> and northern <a href="/wiki/Tian_Shan" title="Tian Shan">Tian Shan</a>. </p><p>The Shatuo received tribute from the <a href="/wiki/Tatar_confederation" title="Tatar confederation">Tatar</a> people from north of the Ordos in 966, while they were vassals of the <a href="/wiki/Khitan_people" title="Khitan people">Khitan</a> Emperor.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shatuo&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Li_Keyong.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Li_Keyong.jpg/220px-Li_Keyong.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="461" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Li_Keyong.jpg/330px-Li_Keyong.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Li_Keyong.jpg/440px-Li_Keyong.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="1047" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Li_Keyong" title="Li Keyong">Li Keyong</a> (856-908), Shatuo warlord in the late <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Shatuo_(7-8th_century)"><span id="Early_Shatuo_.287-8th_century.29"></span>Early Shatuo (7-8th century)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shatuo&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Early Shatuo (7-8th century)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The early Shatuo were originally called the Turks of Shatuo circuit (lit. Shatuo Turks/Shatuo <i>Tujue</i>). Occasional references were made to the three tribes of the Shatuo: Shatuo, Anqing, and Yinge. The Shatuo population was never large but their warriors had a reputation for being brave and aggressive as well as proficient in siege warfare and archery. They participated in <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taizong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Taizong of Tang">Emperor Taizong of Tang</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Tang_dynasty#1st_Goguryeo_(645)" title="Military history of the Tang dynasty">campaigns</a> against <a href="/wiki/Goryeo" title="Goryeo">Goryeo</a> in the 640s and performed with distinction despite their ultimate failure. At the same time the Shatuo also came into conflict with neighboring tribes, leading them to further depend on the Tang dynasty for support. In 702, Shatuo Jinshan, ancestor of the future late Tang warlord <a href="/wiki/Li_Keyong" title="Li Keyong">Li Keyong</a>, started sending tribute to the Tang court.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis20165_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis20165-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 714, Jinshan was invited to <a href="/wiki/Chang%27an" title="Chang'an">Chang'an</a> where <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xuanzong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Xuanzong of Tang">Emperor Xuanzong of Tang</a> hosted a banquet for him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis20166_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis20166-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/An_Lushan_rebellion" title="An Lushan rebellion">An Lushan rebellion</a> in the 750s, the Shatuo provided significant military aid to the Tang alongside the <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Khaganate" title="Uyghur Khaganate">Uyghur Khaganate</a>. Yao Runeng (姚如能) mentioned in the 9th-century <i>Deeds of <a href="/wiki/An_Lushan" title="An Lushan">An Lushan</a></i>, two separate tribes <i>Shatuo</i> 沙陀 and <i>Zhuye</i> (朱耶) ~ <i>Zhuxie</i> 朱邪, among the non-Chinese tribes in the He and Long regions under <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrks" title="Göktürks">Turko</a>-<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Khotan" title="Kingdom of Khotan">Khotanese</a> loyalist superintendent <a href="/wiki/Geshu_Han" title="Geshu Han">Geshu Han</a> (哥舒翰, d. 757).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tang_subjects_(9th_century)"><span id="Tang_subjects_.289th_century.29"></span>Tang subjects (9th century)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shatuo&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Tang subjects (9th century)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 808, 30,000 Shatuo under Zhuye Jinzhong defected from the Tibetans to Tang China and the Tibetans punished them by killing Zhuye Jinzhong as they were chasing them.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Uyghurs also fought against an alliance of Shatuo and Tibetans at Beshbalik.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 809, the Tang resettled several Shatuo tribes in Hedong (modern northern <a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a>), also called Jin based on the region's ancient name. The Shatuo there were semi-pastoralists who traded in horse, sheep, and cattle. However their way of life gradually changed over the 9th century as they became more settled and intermarried with border people and the Han Chinese. Their population also increased. In the early 9th century, reports of 6,000-7,000 Shatuo tents point toward a population of just 30,000 people, including women and children. By the end of the 9th century, the Shatuo had 50,000-60,000 male warriors.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis20165-6_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis20165-6-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 821, Zhuye Zhiyi, the great-grandfather of <a href="/wiki/Li_Keyong" title="Li Keyong">Li Keyong</a>, led a failed attack on the rebellious <a href="/wiki/Jiedushi" title="Jiedushi">jiedushi</a> circuit of <a href="/wiki/Chengde_(Tang_dynasty)" title="Chengde (Tang dynasty)">Chengde</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis20165-6_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis20165-6-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Shatuo Turks under Zhuye Chixin (<a href="/wiki/Li_Guochang" title="Li Guochang">Li Guochang</a>) served the Tang dynasty in fighting against their fellow Turkic people in the <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Khaganate" title="Uyghur Khaganate">Uyghur Khaganate</a>. In 839, when the Uyghur khaganate (Huigu) general Jueluowu (掘羅勿) rose against the rule of then-reigning <a href="/wiki/Zhangxin_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhangxin Khan">Zhangxin Khan</a>, he elicited the help from Zhuye Chixin by giving Zhuye 300 horses, and together, they defeated Zhangxin Khan, who then committed suicide, precipitating the subsequent collapse of the Uyghur Khaganate. In the next few years, when Uyghur Khaganate remnants tried to raid Tang borders, the Shatuo participated extensively in counterattacking the Uyghur Khaganate with other tribes loyal to Tang.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 843, Zhuye Chixin, under the command of the Han Chinese officer <a href="/wiki/Shi_Xiong" title="Shi Xiong">Shi Xiong</a> with Tuyuhun, Tangut and Han Chinese troops, participated in a raid against the Uyghur khaganate that led to the slaughter of Uyghur forces at Shahu mountain.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Shatuo ruling family started using Zhuye as their surname. Zhuye Chixin (d. 888) abandoned it after he was bestowed the name <a href="/wiki/Li_Guochang" title="Li Guochang">Li Guochang</a> by the Tang emperor for his role in the suppression of <a href="/wiki/Pang_Xun" title="Pang Xun">Pang Xun</a>'s rebel general, Wang Hongli, in 869.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis20166_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis20166-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guochang later upset the Tang court by slaying the governor of <a href="/wiki/Datong" title="Datong">Datong</a>, Duan Wenchu, in 872. In 880, tensions came to a head when Guochang's forces suffered a defeat to Tang mercenaries, costing him a loss of 17,000 men. This led the Shatuo to turn north to their "Tartar" friends for support.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis20168_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis20168-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Li_Keyong">Li Keyong</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shatuo&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Li Keyong"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The son of <a href="/wiki/Li_Guochang" title="Li Guochang">Li Guochang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Li_Keyong" title="Li Keyong">Li Keyong</a>, was a very capable warrior. He was said to be capable of "hitting twin flying ducks from a reclining position" and was called the "Dragon with a Single Eye" because he had an eye that was noticeably larger than the other.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis20169_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis20169-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He led Shatuo forces to defeat <a href="/wiki/Huang_Chao" title="Huang Chao">Huang Chao</a>, who had <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Tang_dynasty#Huang_Chao_Rebellion_(874–884)" title="Military history of the Tang dynasty">rebelled against the Tang</a> and taken <a href="/wiki/Chang%27an" title="Chang'an">Chang'an</a> in 881. The Shatuo victory in 883 forced Huang Chao to retreat from Chang'an. The then 28-year old Keyong, in charge of the Shatuo after his father's retirement, celebrated in Chang'an the following year. According to <a href="/wiki/Sima_Guang" title="Sima Guang">Sima Guang</a>, "Keyong’s contribution to the suppression of Huang Chao was arguably second to none."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis20168_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis20168-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite arguably saving the Tang dynasty, the Shatuo sacked Chang'an in 885. Keyong was appointed prefect of <a href="/wiki/Dai_Prefecture" title="Dai Prefecture">Daizhou</a> and governor of <a href="/wiki/Dai_County" title="Dai County">Yanmen</a>. From there, he expanded his territory to <a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Jinyang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zezhou_County" title="Zezhou County">Zezhou</a>, and Liaozhou. In 890, the Shatuo took <a href="/wiki/Changzhi" title="Changzhi">Zhaoyi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis20168-9_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis20168-9-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jinyang became the Shatuo capital. It was strategically located between two hills more akin to mountains, rising as high as a thousand meters. Combined with craters and dry riverbeds, the location made attacks from the southeast and northwest hazardous. In the west, the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a> made any maneuver costly in time and materiel. Jinyang itself was a fortress city with a wall spanning 20 km with sufficient provisions to last a year. It was seen as "the northern door to the empire" at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis201611_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis201611-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Five_Dynasties">Five Dynasties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shatuo&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Five Dynasties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Shatuo" title="Special:EditPage/Shatuo">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zhuangzong_of_Later_Tang.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Zhuangzong_of_Later_Tang.jpg/220px-Zhuangzong_of_Later_Tang.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="465" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Zhuangzong_of_Later_Tang.jpg/330px-Zhuangzong_of_Later_Tang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Zhuangzong_of_Later_Tang.jpg/440px-Zhuangzong_of_Later_Tang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9655" data-file-height="20403" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Li_Cunxu" title="Li Cunxu">Li Cunxu</a> (885-926), Emperor Zhuangzong of <a href="/wiki/Later_Tang" title="Later Tang">Later Tang</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Five_Dynasties" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Dynasties">Five Dynasties</a></div> <p>The Tang dynasty fell in 907 and was replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Later_Liang_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Liang (Five Dynasties)">Later Liang</a>. The Shatuo had their own principality <a href="/wiki/Jin_(Later_Tang_precursor)" title="Jin (Later Tang precursor)">Jin (Later Tang precursor)</a> under the Tang dynasty, in the area now known as <a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a>, which was granted to them as a fief in 883 by the Tang emperors, and survived the fall of the Tang dynasty in 907. The Tang dynasty emperor's had granted the Shatuo Zhuye chieftain Li Keyong the imperial surname of Li and title Prince of Jin, adopting him into the imperial family. They had tense relations with the Later Liang, and cultivated good relations with the emerging <a href="/wiki/Khitan_people" title="Khitan people">Khitan</a> power to the north. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_Tang">Later Tang</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shatuo&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Later Tang"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Later_Tang" title="Later Tang">Later Tang</a></div> <p>The son of Li Keyong, <a href="/wiki/Li_Cunxu" title="Li Cunxu">Li Cunxu</a>, succeeded in destroying the Later Liang in 923, declaring himself the emperor of the “Restored Tang”, officially known as the <a href="/wiki/Later_Tang" title="Later Tang">Later Tang</a>, using the fact that his family was granted the imperial Li surname of the Tang dynasty and a princely title to declare themselves legitimate Tang dynasty emperors. In line with claims of restoring the Tang, Li moved the capital from <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a> back to <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a>, where it had been during the Tang dynasty. The Later Tang controlled more territory than the Later Liang, including the <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> area, the surrounding <a href="/wiki/Sixteen_Prefectures" title="Sixteen Prefectures">Sixteen Prefectures</a>, Shanxi and <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaanxi Province">Shaanxi Province</a>. </p><p>This was the first of three short-lived Shatuo dynasties. The last Later Tang Emperor was a Han Chinese, <a href="/wiki/Li_Congke" title="Li Congke">Li Congke</a>, originally surnamed Wang, who was adopted by the Shatuo Later Tang Emperor <a href="/wiki/Li_Siyuan" title="Li Siyuan">Li Siyuan</a>, granted the imperial surname Li and made the Prince of Lu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_Jin">Later Jin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shatuo&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Later Jin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Later_Jin_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Jin (Five Dynasties)">Later Jin (Five Dynasties)</a></div> <p>The Later Tang was brought to an end in 936 when Shi Jingtang (posthumously known as <a href="/wiki/Gaozu_of_Later_Jin" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaozu of Later Jin">Gaozu of Later Jin</a>), also a Shatuo, successfully rebelled against the <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a> <a href="/wiki/Later_Tang" title="Later Tang">Later Tang</a> emperor <a href="/wiki/Li_Congke" title="Li Congke">Li Congke</a> and established the <a href="/wiki/Later_Jin_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Jin (Five Dynasties)">Later Jin</a> dynasty. Shi moved the capital back to <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a>, then called Bian. The Later Jin controlled essentially the same territory as the Later Tang except the strategic <a href="/wiki/Sixteen_Prefectures" title="Sixteen Prefectures">Sixteen Prefectures</a> area, which had been ceded to the expanding <a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao Empire</a> established by the Khitans. </p><p>Later historians would denigrate the Later Jin as a <a href="/wiki/Puppet_regime" class="mw-redirect" title="Puppet regime">puppet regime</a> of the powerful Liao to the north. When Shi's successor did defy the Liao, a Khitan invasion resulted in the end of the dynasty in 946. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_Han_and_Northern_Han">Later Han and Northern Han</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shatuo&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Later Han and Northern Han"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Later_Han_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Han (Five Dynasties)">Later Han (Five Dynasties)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Han" title="Northern Han">Northern Han</a></div> <p>The death of the Khitan emperor on his return from the raid on the Later Jin left a power vacuum that was filled by <a href="/wiki/Gaozu_of_Later_Han" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaozu of Later Han">Liu Zhiyuan</a>, another Shatuo who founded the <a href="/wiki/Later_Han_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Han (Five Dynasties)">Later Han</a> in 947. The capital was at Bian (Kaifeng) and the state held the same territories as its predecessor. Liu died after a single year of reign and was succeeded by his teenage son, in turn unable to reign for more than two years, when this very short-lived dynasty was ended by the <a href="/wiki/Later_Zhou" title="Later Zhou">Later Zhou</a>. The remnants of the Later Han returned to the traditional Shatuo Turk stronghold of Shanxi and established the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Han" title="Northern Han">Northern Han</a> Kingdom. The Last Northern Han Emperor, <a href="/wiki/Liu_Jiyuan" title="Liu Jiyuan">Liu Jiyuan</a> was originally surnamed He but was adopted by his maternal grandfather, the Northern Han Emperor <a href="/wiki/Liu_Chong" title="Liu Chong">Liu Chong</a> and granted the imperial surname Liu. Liu Jiyuan granted the imperial surname to the Han Chinese general <a href="/wiki/Yang_Ye" title="Yang Ye">Yang Ye</a> and adopted him as a brother. Under the protection of the Khitan <a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao dynasty</a>, the tiny kingdom survived until 979 when it was finally incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Song_dynasty">Song dynasty</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shatuo&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Song dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shatuo Turks that remained on the <a href="/wiki/Steppe" title="Steppe">steppes</a> were eventually absorbed into various <a href="/wiki/Mongolic_languages" title="Mongolic languages">Mongolic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic</a> tribes. From the 10th to 13th centuries, Shatuo remnants possibly joined <a href="/wiki/Tatar_confederation" title="Tatar confederation">Tatar confederation</a> in the territory of the modern <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>, and became known as <a href="/wiki/Ongud" title="Ongud">Ongud</a> or White Tatars branch of the <a href="/wiki/Tatar_confederation" title="Tatar confederation">Tatars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Physical_appearance">Physical appearance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shatuo&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Physical appearance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Contemporary records of the Shatuo describes some Shatuo men as having deep set eyes and whiskers as well as lithe bodies and a light complexion. Centuries later, the <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a> referred to the descendants of the Shatuo as "White Tartars."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis20163_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis20163-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shatuo&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The early Shatuo seem to have practiced some aspects of <a href="/wiki/Manichaeism" title="Manichaeism">Manichaeism</a> alongside their reverence for spirits and divination. They also believed in a "Heavenly God" or "Sky God" like other nomadic peoples. The Shatuo were also influenced by <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> in their sculptural artworks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis20164_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis20164-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Surnames_of_Shatuo">Surnames of Shatuo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shatuo&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Surnames of Shatuo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Li_(%E6%9D%8E)" class="mw-redirect" title="Li (李)">Li</a> (李)</li> <li>Zhuye (朱耶/朱邪)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_(surname)" title="Zhu (surname)">Zhu</a> (朱)</li> <li>Sha-Jin (沙金)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sha_(surname)" title="Sha (surname)">Sha</a> (沙)*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_(surname)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liu (surname)">Liu</a> (劉)*</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shatuo&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History of China</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shatuo&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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Vol. 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Atwood_2010-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Atwood_2010_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Atwood_2010_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Atwood_2010_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Atwood_2010_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtwood2010" class="citation journal cs1">Atwood, Christopher P. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repository.upenn.edu/ealc/16/">"The Notion of Tribe in Medieval China: Ouyang Xiu and the Shatuo Dynastic Myth"</a>. <i>Miscellanea Asiatica</i> (16): <span class="nowrap">693–</span>621.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Miscellanea+Asiatica&rft.atitle=The+Notion+of+Tribe+in+Medieval+China%3A+Ouyang+Xiu+and+the+Shatuo+Dynastic+Myth&rft.issue=16&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E693-%3C%2Fspan%3E621&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Atwood&rft.aufirst=Christopher+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepository.upenn.edu%2Fealc%2F16%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShatuo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarenghi2019" class="citation journal cs1">Barenghi, Maddalena (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.ihp.sinica.edu.tw/file/3650HVkUhqL.pdf">"Representations of Descent: Origin and Migration Stories of the Ninth- and Tenth-century Turkic Shatuo"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Asia Major</i>. 3d. <b>32</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">62–</span>63.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asia+Major&rft.atitle=Representations+of+Descent%3A+Origin+and+Migration+Stories+of+the+Ninth-+and+Tenth-century+Turkic+Shatuo&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E62-%3C%2Fspan%3E63&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Barenghi&rft.aufirst=Maddalena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.ihp.sinica.edu.tw%2Ffile%2F3650HVkUhqL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShatuo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gumilev L.N., <i>"Hunnu in China"</i>, Moscow, 'Science', 1974, Ch. 9, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://gumilevica.kulichki.com/HIC/hic09.htm">http://gumilevica.kulichki.com/HIC/hic09.htm</a> (In Russian)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gumilev L.N., "Ancient Turks", Moscow, 1967, Ch. 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarenghi2019" class="citation journal cs1">Barenghi, Maddalena (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.ihp.sinica.edu.tw/file/3650HVkUhqL.pdf">"Representations of Descent: Origin and Migration Stories of the Ninth- and Tenth-century Turkic Shatuo"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Asia Major</i>. 3d. <b>32</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">62–</span>63.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asia+Major&rft.atitle=Representations+of+Descent%3A+Origin+and+Migration+Stories+of+the+Ninth-+and+Tenth-century+Turkic+Shatuo&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E62-%3C%2Fspan%3E63&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Barenghi&rft.aufirst=Maddalena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.ihp.sinica.edu.tw%2Ffile%2F3650HVkUhqL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShatuo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Suishu" class="mw-redirect" title="Suishu">Suishu</a> vol. 84 <a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B784#%E9%90%B5%E5%8B%92">Tiele</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Xue_Juzheng" title="Xue Juzheng">Xue Juzheng</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Old_History_of_the_Five_Dynasties" title="Old History of the Five Dynasties">Jiu Wudaishi</a></i>, vol. 25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cited by Ouyang Xiu in <i>Xin Wudaishi</i>, vol. 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarenghi2019" class="citation journal cs1">Barenghi, Maddalena (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.ihp.sinica.edu.tw/file/3650HVkUhqL.pdf">"Representations of Descent: Origin and Migration Stories of the Ninth- and Tenth-century Turkic Shatuo"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Asia Major</i>. 3d. <b>32</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">62–</span>63.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asia+Major&rft.atitle=Representations+of+Descent%3A+Origin+and+Migration+Stories+of+the+Ninth-+and+Tenth-century+Turkic+Shatuo&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E62-%3C%2Fspan%3E63&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Barenghi&rft.aufirst=Maddalena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.ihp.sinica.edu.tw%2Ffile%2F3650HVkUhqL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShatuo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis20163-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis20163_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis20163_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavis2016">Davis 2016</a>, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Golden, Peter Benjamin (1992). "An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples: Ethnogenesis Ans State Formation in the Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia and the Middle East". <i>Turcologica</i>. 9. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-447-03274-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-447-03274-2">978-3-447-03274-2</a>. p. 165</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">prof. Chjan Si-man: "New research about historical tribes of the Western Territory"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">W. Eberhard: "Some Cultural Traits of the Shato-Türks. "Oriental Art", vol. 1 (1948), No 2, p. 50-55</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zuev Yu.A., <i>"Horse Tamgas from Vassal Princedoms (Translation of Chinese composition "Tanghuyao" of 8-10th centuries)"</i>, Kazakh SSR Academy of Sciences, Alma-Ata, I960, p. 127, 132 (In Russian)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yu. Zuev, "Early Türks: Sketches of history and ideology", Almaty, Daik-Press, 2002, p. 8, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9985-4-4152-9" title="Special:BookSources/9985-4-4152-9">9985-4-4152-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoyal_Asiatic_Society_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland._China_Branch1897" class="citation book cs1">Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. China Branch (1897). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JqRDAAAAYAAJ&q=966"><i>Journal of the China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society for the year ..., Volumes 30-31</i></a>. SHANGHAI: The Branch. p. 23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-06-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Journal+of+the+China+Branch+of+the+Royal+Asiatic+Society+for+the+year+...%2C+Volumes+30-31&rft.place=SHANGHAI&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=The+Branch&rft.date=1897&rft.au=Royal+Asiatic+Society+of+Great+Britain+and+Ireland.+China+Branch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJqRDAAAAYAAJ%26q%3D966&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShatuo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis20165-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis20165_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavis2016">Davis 2016</a>, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis20166-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis20166_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis20166_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavis2016">Davis 2016</a>, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarenghi2019" class="citation journal cs1">Barenghi, Maddalena (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.ihp.sinica.edu.tw/file/3650HVkUhqL.pdf">"Representations of Descent: Origin and Migration Stories of the Ninth- and Tenth-century Turkic Shatuo"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Asia Major</i>. 3d. <b>32</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">53–</span>54.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asia+Major&rft.atitle=Representations+of+Descent%3A+Origin+and+Migration+Stories+of+the+Ninth-+and+Tenth-century+Turkic+Shatuo&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E53-%3C%2Fspan%3E54&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Barenghi&rft.aufirst=Maddalena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.ihp.sinica.edu.tw%2Ffile%2F3650HVkUhqL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShatuo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYuan2022" class="citation book cs1">Yuan, Hong (14 November 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Mm-cEAAAQBAJ&dq=843+shatuo&pg=PT248"><i>From the Khitans to the Jurchens & Mongols: A History of Barbarians in Triangle Wars & Quartet Conflicts</i></a>. iUniverse. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781663242587" title="Special:BookSources/9781663242587"><bdi>9781663242587</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+the+Khitans+to+the+Jurchens+%26+Mongols%3A+A+History+of+Barbarians+in+Triangle+Wars+%26+Quartet+Conflicts&rft.pub=iUniverse&rft.date=2022-11-14&rft.isbn=9781663242587&rft.aulast=Yuan&rft.aufirst=Hong&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMm-cEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3D843%2Bshatuo%26pg%3DPT248&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShatuo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaumer2018" class="citation book cs1">Baumer, Christoph (18 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DhiWDwAAQBAJ&dq=843+shatuo&pg=RA1-PA310"><i>History of Central Asia, the: 4-volume set</i></a>. Bloomsbury. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781838608682" title="Special:BookSources/9781838608682"><bdi>9781838608682</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Central+Asia%2C+the%3A+4-volume+set&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2018-04-18&rft.isbn=9781838608682&rft.aulast=Baumer&rft.aufirst=Christoph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDhiWDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3D843%2Bshatuo%26pg%3DRA1-PA310&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShatuo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis20165-6-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis20165-6_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis20165-6_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavis2016">Davis 2016</a>, p. 5-6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7246" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷246">vol. 246</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7247" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷247">vol. 247</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDardess2010" class="citation book cs1">Dardess, John W. (10 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zzEUAgAAQBAJ&dq=843+shatuo&pg=PA32"><i>Governing China: 150-1850</i></a>. Hackett. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781603844475" title="Special:BookSources/9781603844475"><bdi>9781603844475</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Governing+China%3A+150-1850&rft.pub=Hackett&rft.date=2010-09-10&rft.isbn=9781603844475&rft.aulast=Dardess&rft.aufirst=John+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzzEUAgAAQBAJ%26dq%3D843%2Bshatuo%26pg%3DPA32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShatuo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVen2021" class="citation book cs1">Ven, Hans van de (26 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nSk7EAAAQBAJ&dq=843+shatuo&pg=PA173"><i>Warfare in Chinese History</i></a>. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004482944" title="Special:BookSources/9789004482944"><bdi>9789004482944</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warfare+in+Chinese+History&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2021-07-26&rft.isbn=9789004482944&rft.aulast=Ven&rft.aufirst=Hans+van+de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnSk7EAAAQBAJ%26dq%3D843%2Bshatuo%26pg%3DPA173&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShatuo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis20168-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis20168_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis20168_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavis2016">Davis 2016</a>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis20169-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis20169_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavis2016">Davis 2016</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis20168-9-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis20168-9_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavis2016">Davis 2016</a>, p. 8-9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis201611-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis201611_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavis2016">Davis 2016</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ozkan Izgi, "The ancient cultures of Central Asia and the relations with the Chinese civilization" <i>The Turks</i>, Ankara, 2002, p. 98, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/975-6782-56-0" title="Special:BookSources/975-6782-56-0">975-6782-56-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paulillo, Mauricio. "White Tatars: The Problem of the Öngũt conversion to Jingjiao and the Uighur Connection" in <i>From the Oxus River to the Chinese Shores: Studies on East Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia (orientalia - patristica - oecumenica)</i> Ed. Tang, Winkler. (2013) pp. 237-252</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis20164-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis20164_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavis2016">Davis 2016</a>, p. 4.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shatuo&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Chavannes, Édouard (1900), <i>Documents sur les Tou-kiue (Turcs) occidentaux.</i> Paris, Librairie d’Amérique et d’Orient. Reprint: Taipei. Cheng Wen Publishing Co. 1969.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis2014" class="citation cs2">Davis, Richard L. (2014), <i>From Warhorses to Ploughshares: The Later Tang Reign of Emperor Mingzong</i>, Hong Kong University Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Warhorses+to+Ploughshares%3A+The+Later+Tang+Reign+of+Emperor+Mingzong&rft.pub=Hong+Kong+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Richard+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShatuo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Findley, Carter Vaughn, <i>The Turks in World History</i>. Oxford University Press, (2005). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-516770-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-516770-8">0-19-516770-8</a>; 0-19-517726-6 (pbk.)</li> <li>Mote, F.W.: Imperial China: 900–1800, Harvard University Press, 1999</li> <li>Zuev Yu.A., <i>"Se-Yanto Kaganate And Kimeks (Türkic ethnogeography of the Central Asia in the middle of 7th century)"</i>, Shygys, 2004, No 1, pp. 11–21, No 2, pp. 3–26, Oriental Studies Institute, Almaty (<i>In Russian</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinaknowledge" title="Chinaknowledge">Chinaknowledge</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Tang/wudai-event.html">5 DYNASTIES & 10 STATES</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Altera/shatuo.html">Shatuo</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/15px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/23px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/30px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> <i>This article incorporates text from </i>Journal of the China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society for the year ..., Volumes 30-31<i>, by Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. China Branch, a publication from 1897, now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> in the United States.</i></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis2016" class="citation cs2">Davis, Richard L. (2016), <i>Fire and Ice: Li Cunxu and the Founding of the Later Tang</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fire+and+Ice%3A+Li+Cunxu+and+the+Founding+of+the+Later+Tang&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Richard+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShatuo" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Turkic_topics559" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:paleturquoise; color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Turkic_topics" title="Template:Turkic topics"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Turkic_topics" title="Template talk:Turkic topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Turkic_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Turkic topics"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Turkic_topics559" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1704" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:paleturquoise; color:inherit;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afshar_dialect" title="Afshar dialect">Afshar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altai_languages" title="Altai languages">Altai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Altai_language" title="Northern Altai language">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Altai_language" title="Southern Altai language">Southern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%84ynu_language" title="Äynu language">Äynu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashkir_language" title="Bashkir language">Bashkir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgar_language" title="Bulgar language">Bulgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chagatai_language" title="Chagatai language">Chagatai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chulym_language" title="Chulym language">Chulym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuvash_language" title="Chuvash language">Chuvash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_language" title="Crimean Tatar language">Crimean Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuman_language" title="Cuman language">Cuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolgan_language" title="Dolgan language">Dolgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyu_Kyrgyz_language" title="Fuyu Kyrgyz language">Fuyü Gïrgïs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagauz_language" title="Gagauz language">Gagauz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ili_Turki_language" title="Ili Turki language">Ili Turki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karachay-Balkar" title="Karachay-Balkar">Karachay-Balkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaim_language" title="Karaim language">Karaim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakalpak_language" title="Karakalpak language">Karakalpak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karamanli_Turkish" title="Karamanli Turkish">Karamanli Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khakas_language" title="Khakas language">Khakas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalaj_language" title="Khalaj language">Khalaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khazar_language" title="Khazar language">Khazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorasani_Turkic" title="Khorasani Turkic">Khorasani Turkic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kipchak_languages" title="Kipchak languages">Kipchak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krymchak_language" title="Krymchak language">Krymchak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumyk_language" title="Kumyk language">Kumyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kipchak_languages" title="Kipchak languages">Kipchak languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nogai_language" title="Nogai language">Nogai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic" title="Old Turkic">Old Turkic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish" title="Ottoman Turkish">Ottoman Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecheneg_language" title="Pecheneg language">Pecheneg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qashqai_language" title="Qashqai language">Qashqai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakut_language" title="Yakut language">Sakha/Yakut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salar_language" title="Salar language">Salar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shor_language" title="Shor language">Shor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Tatar_language" title="Siberian Tatar language">Siberian Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_language" title="Tatar language">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofa_language" title="Tofa language">Tofa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_language" title="Turkmen language">Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvan_language" title="Tuvan language">Tuvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urum_language" title="Urum language">Urum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_language" title="Uyghur language">Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Yugur_language" title="Western Yugur language">Western Yugur</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Alphabets56" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:paleturquoise; color:inherit;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_alphabets_used_by_Turkic_languages" title="List of alphabets used by Turkic languages">Alphabets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_script" title="Old Turkic script">Old Turkic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Turkic_Alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Common Turkic Alphabet">Common Turkic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur_alphabet" title="Old Uyghur alphabet">Old Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_alphabet" title="Persian alphabet">Persian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Turkic_States" title="Organization of Turkic States"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Emblem_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg/100px-Emblem_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Emblem_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg/150px-Emblem_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Emblem_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg/200px-Emblem_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:paleturquoise; color:inherit;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Peoples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afshar_people" title="Afshar people">Afshars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altai_people" title="Altai people">Altaians</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Chelkans" title="Chelkans">Chelkans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kumandins" title="Kumandins">Kumandins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telengits" title="Telengits">Telengits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teleuts" title="Teleuts">Teleuts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tubalars" title="Tubalars">Tubalars</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis" title="Azerbaijanis">Azerbaijanis</a> <ul><li>in <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Azerbaijanis" title="Iranian Azerbaijanis">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Armenia" title="Azerbaijanis in Armenia">Armenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Georgia" title="Azerbaijanis in Georgia">Georgia</a></span><sup>1</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkars" title="Balkars">Balkars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashkirs" title="Bashkirs">Bashkirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chulyms" title="Chulyms">Chulyms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuvash_people" title="Chuvash people">Chuvash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Karaites" title="Crimean Karaites">Crimean Karaites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars" title="Crimean Tatars">Crimean Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolgans" title="Dolgans">Dolgans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagauz_people" title="Gagauz people">Gagauz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karachays" title="Karachays">Karachays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakalpaks" title="Karakalpaks">Karakalpaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhs" title="Kazakhs">Kazakhs</a> <ul><li>in <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Kazakhs_in_China" title="Kazakhs in China">China</a></span><sup>1</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khakas" title="Khakas">Khakas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalaj_people" title="Khalaj people">Khalaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorasani_Turks" title="Khorasani Turks">Khorasani Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krymchaks" title="Krymchaks">Krymchaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_people" title="Kyrgyz people">Kyrgyz</a> <ul><li>in <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_China" title="Kyrgyz in China">China</a></span><sup>1</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumyks" title="Kumyks">Kumyks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naimans" title="Naimans">Naimans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nogais" title="Nogais">Nogais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qarai_Turks" class="mw-redirect" title="Qarai Turks">Qarai Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qashqai_people" title="Qashqai people">Qashqai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salar_people" title="Salar people">Salar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shors" title="Shors">Shors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Tatars" title="Siberian Tatars">Siberian Tatars</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Baraba_Tatars" title="Baraba Tatars">Baraba Tatars</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatars</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan_Tatars" title="Astrakhan Tatars">Astrakhan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Tatars" title="Chinese Tatars">Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lipka_Tatars" title="Lipka Tatars">Lipka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kryashens" title="Kryashens">Kryashens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mishar_Tatars" title="Mishar Tatars">Mishar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Na%C4%9Fayb%C3%A4k" title="Nağaybäk">Nağaybäk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volga_Tatars" title="Volga Tatars">Volga</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofalar" title="Tofalar">Tofalar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmens" title="Turkmens">Turkmens</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Turkmens" title="Afghan Turkmens">Afghan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Turkmens" title="Iranian Turkmens">Iranian</a></span><sup>1</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turkish</a> <ul><li>in <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Abkhazia" title="Turks in Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Algeria" title="Turks in Algeria">Algeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Turks in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Turks" title="Bulgarian Turks">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Croatia" title="Turks in Croatia">Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cretan_Turks" class="mw-redirect" title="Cretan Turks">Crete</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriots" title="Turkish Cypriots">Cyprus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turks_of_the_Dodecanese" title="Turks of the Dodecanese">Dodecanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Egypt" title="Turks in Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmen" title="Iraqi Turkmen">Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Turks in Israel">Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Kosovo" title="Turks in Kosovo">Kosovo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Turks in Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Libya" title="Turks in Libya">Libya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turks_in_North_Macedonia" title="Turks in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meskhetian_Turks" title="Meskhetian Turks">Meskhetia (Ahiska)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Montenegro" title="Turks in Montenegro">Montenegro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turks_of_Romania" title="Turks of Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Serbia" title="Turks in Serbia">Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Turkmen" title="Syrian Turkmen">Syria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Tunisia" title="Turks in Tunisia">Tunisia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turks_of_Western_Thrace" title="Turks of Western Thrace">Western Thrace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Yemen" title="Turks in Yemen">Yemen</a></span><sup>1</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvans" title="Tuvans">Tuvans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbeks" title="Uzbeks">Uzbeks</a> <ul><li>in <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Uzbeks_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Uzbeks in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></span><sup>1</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakuts" title="Yakuts">Yakuts</a> (Sakha)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugurs" title="Yugurs">Yugurs</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Extinct_Turkic_groups21" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:paleturquoise;;width:1%">Extinct Turkic groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulaqs" title="Bulaqs">Bulaqs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgars" title="Bulgars">Bulgars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumans" title="Cumans">Cumans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dughlats" title="Dughlats">Dughlats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrks" title="Göktürks">Göktürks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karluks" title="Karluks">Karluks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khazars" title="Khazars">Khazars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemek" title="Yemek">Kimek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kipchaks" title="Kipchaks">Kipchaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%27o-sa" title="K'o-sa">K'o-sa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Turks" title="Oghuz Turks">Oghuz Turks</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shatuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrgesh" title="Türgesh">Türgesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzes_(people)" title="Uzes (people)">Uzes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:paleturquoise; color:inherit;;width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grey_Wolves_(organization)" title="Grey Wolves (organization)">Grey Wolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemalism" title="Kemalism">Kemalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkhanism" title="Burkhanism">Burkhanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jadid" title="Jadid">Jadid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Turkism" title="Pan-Turkism">Pan-Turkism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idealism_(Turkey)" title="Idealism (Turkey)">Turkesism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turanism" title="Turanism">Turanism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Turanism" title="Hungarian Turanism">Hungarian</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:paleturquoise; color:inherit;;width:1%">Origins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkestan" title="Turkestan">Turkestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples#History" title="Turkic peoples">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_G%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrks" title="Timeline of the Göktürks">Timeline of the Göktürks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Turkic_peoples_(500%E2%80%931300)" title="Timeline of the Turkic peoples (500–1300)">Timeline 500–1300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkic_migration" title="Turkic migration">Migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkification" title="Turkification">Turkification</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomadic_empire" title="Nomadic empire">Nomadic empire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turco-Mongol_tradition" title="Turco-Mongol tradition">Turco-Mongol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tian_Shan" title="Tian Shan">Tian Shan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Altai_Mountains" title="Altai Mountains">Altai Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otuken" class="mw-redirect" title="Otuken">Otuken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkic_tribal_confederations" title="Turkic tribal confederations">Oğuz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:paleturquoise; color:inherit;;width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:paleturquoise;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:paleturquoise;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_division" title="Autonomous administrative division">Autonomous areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altai_Republic" title="Altai Republic">Altai Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashkortostan" title="Bashkortostan">Bashkortostan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuvashia" title="Chuvashia">Chuvashia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagauzia" title="Gagauzia">Gagauzia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabardino-Balkaria" title="Kabardino-Balkaria">Kabardino-Balkaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karachay-Cherkessia" title="Karachay-Cherkessia">Karachay-Cherkessia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakalpakstan" title="Karakalpakstan">Karakalpakstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khakassia" title="Khakassia">Khakassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_Autonomous_Republic" title="Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic">Nakhchivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakha_Republic" title="Sakha Republic">Sakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatarstan" title="Tatarstan">Tatarstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuva" title="Tuva">Tuva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:paleturquoise; color:inherit;;width:1%">Studies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_script" title="Old Turkic script">Old Turkic script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Turkic_language" title="Proto-Turkic language">Proto-Turkic language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkology" title="Turkology">Turkology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:paleturquoise; color:inherit;;width:1%">Religions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkic_mythology" title="Turkic mythology">Turkic mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengrism" title="Tengrism">Tengrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamanism#Central_Asia" title="Shamanism">Shamanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aiyy_Faith" title="Aiyy Faith">Aiyy Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Central_Asia" title="Islam in Central Asia">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alevism" title="Alevism">Alevism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batiniyya" title="Batiniyya">Batiniyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayramiye" title="Bayramiye">Bayramiye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bektashi_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Bektashi Order">Bektashi Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkhanism" title="Burkhanism">Burkhanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkic_Christians" title="Turkic Christians">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurufism" title="Hurufism">Hurufism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalwati_order" title="Khalwati order">Khalwati order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malamatiyya" title="Malamatiyya">Malamatiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qadiriyya" title="Qadiriyya">Qadiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalandariyya" title="Qalandariyya">Qalandariyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifa%CA%BDi" title="Rifaʽi">Rifaʽi</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safavid_order" title="Safavid order">Safaviyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zahediyeh" title="Zahediyeh">Zahediyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vattisen_Yaly" title="Vattisen Yaly">Vattisen Yaly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:paleturquoise; color:inherit;;width:1%">Traditional sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kyz_kuu" title="Kyz kuu">Kyz kuu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jereed" title="Jereed">Jereed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buzkashi" title="Buzkashi">Kokpar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jigit" title="Jigit">Jigit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chovgan" title="Chovgan">Chovgan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:paleturquoise; color:inherit;;width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Turkic_States" title="Organization of Turkic States">Organization of Turkic States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_of_Turkic_Culture" title="International Organization of Turkic Culture">International Organization of Turkic Culture (TÜRKSOY)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TURKPA" title="TURKPA">Parliamentary Assembly (TURKPA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkic_Academy" title="Turkic Academy">Turkic Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TAKM" title="TAKM">Organization of the Eurasian Law Enforcement Agencies with Military Status (TAKM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Turks_Qurultai" title="World Turks Qurultai">World Turks Qurultai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:paleturquoise; color:inherit;"><div><sup>1</sup>These are traditional areas of settlement; the Turkic group has been living in the listed country/region for centuries and should not be confused with modern diasporas.<br /> <sup>2</sup><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">State with limited international recognition</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Historical_non-Han_peoples_in_China78" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Historical_non-Han_peoples_in_China" title="Template:Historical non-Han peoples in China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Historical_non-Han_peoples_in_China" title="Template talk:Historical non-Han peoples in China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Historical_non-Han_peoples_in_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Historical non-Han peoples in China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Historical_non-Han_peoples_in_China78" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Historical non-<a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han</a> peoples in China</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dongyi" title="Dongyi">Dongyi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baiyue" title="Baiyue">Baiyue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%82u_L%E1%BA%A1c" title="Âu Lạc">Âu Lạc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%82u_Vi%E1%BB%87t" title="Âu Việt">Âu Việt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dong%27ou" title="Dong'ou">Dong'ou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%E1%BA%A1c_Vi%E1%BB%87t" title="Lạc Việt">Lạc Việt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minyue" title="Minyue">Minyue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyue" title="Nanyue">Nanyue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanyue" title="Shanyue">Shanyue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangyue" title="Yangyue">Yangyue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yue_(state)" title="Yue (state)">Yue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_people_(China)" title="Bo people (China)">Bo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dian_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Dian Kingdom">Dian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miao_people" title="Miao people">Miao</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_people" title="Hmong people">Hmong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanman" title="Nanman">Nanman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yelang" title="Yelang">Yelang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_people" title="Yi people">Yi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Di_(Five_Barbarians)" title="Di (Five Barbarians)">Di</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiang_(historical_people)" title="Qiang (historical people)">Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saka" title="Saka">Saka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumpa" title="Sumpa">Sumpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocharians" title="Tocharians">Tocharian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wusun" title="Wusun">Wusun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xirong" title="Xirong">Xirong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quanrong" title="Quanrong">Quanrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianyun" title="Xianyun">Xianyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xunyu" title="Xunyu">Xunyu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuezhi" title="Yuezhi">Yuezhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beidi" title="Beidi">Beidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chunwei" title="Chunwei">Chunwei</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiongnu" title="Xiongnu">Xiongnu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donghu_people" title="Donghu people">Donghu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dingling" title="Dingling">Dingling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhuan" title="Wuhuan">Wuhuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianbei" title="Xianbei">Xianbei</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guifang" title="Guifang">Guifang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jie_people" title="Jie people">Jie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanrong" title="Shanrong">Shanrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sushen" title="Sushen">Sushen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yilou" title="Yilou">Yilou</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianyun" title="Xianyun">Xianyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xunyu" title="Xunyu">Xunyu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Huaxiasiyi.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Non-Hans peoples on the outskirts of the Zhou dynasty."><img alt="Non-Hans peoples on the outskirts of the Zhou dynasty." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Huaxiasiyi.svg/250px-Huaxiasiyi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Huaxiasiyi.svg/375px-Huaxiasiyi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Huaxiasiyi.svg/500px-Huaxiasiyi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="672" data-file-height="456" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Medieval</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bai_people" title="Bai people">Bai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_people_(China)" title="Bo people (China)">Bo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuanman" title="Cuanman">Cuanman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hlai_people" title="Hlai people">Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rau_peoples" title="Rau peoples">Rau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bouyei_people" title="Bouyei people">Bouyei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuang_people" title="Zhuang people">Zhuang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_people" title="Yi people">Yi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karakhanid" class="mw-redirect" title="Karakhanid">Karakhanid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karluks" title="Karluks">Karluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Khotan" title="Kingdom of Khotan">Khotanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibetan people">Tibetan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_people" title="Khitan people">Khitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumo_Xi" title="Kumo Xi">Kumo Xi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohe_people" title="Mohe people">Mohe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jurchen_people" title="Jurchen people">Jurchen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiwei_people" title="Shiwei people">Shiwei</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zubu" title="Zubu">Zubu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khamag_Mongol" title="Khamag Mongol">Khamag Mongol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khereid" class="mw-redirect" title="Khereid">Khereid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naimans" title="Naimans">Naiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_confederation" title="Tatar confederation">Tatar</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangut_people" title="Tangut people">Tangut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiele_people" title="Tiele people">Tiele</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xueyantuo" title="Xueyantuo">Xueyantuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugur" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugur">Yugur</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tujue" class="mw-redirect" title="Tujue">Tujue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueban" title="Yueban">Yueban</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shatuo</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Early Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bo_people_(China)" title="Bo people (China)">Bo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_people" title="Shan people">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/She_people" title="She people">She</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yao_people" title="Yao people">Yao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khalkha_Mongol" class="mw-redirect" title="Khalkha Mongol">Khalkha Mongol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchu">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nivkh_people" title="Nivkh people">Nivkh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oirats" title="Oirats">Oirats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dzungar_people" title="Dzungar people">Dzungar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoshut" title="Khoshut">Khoshut</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shatuo&oldid=1266632107">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shatuo&oldid=1266632107</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Shatuo_people" title="Category:Shatuo people">Shatuo people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Turkic_peoples_of_Asia" title="Category:Turkic peoples of Asia">Turkic 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