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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Voorkoms" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Voorkoms</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af" class=""><span>Skenkings</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Bobby+Fischer" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is 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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Bobby+Fischer" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Bobby+Fischer" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Lewensloop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lewensloop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Lewensloop</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Lewensloop-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Lewensloop subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Lewensloop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kinderdae" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kinderdae"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Kinderdae</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kinderdae-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Die_aanloop_na_die_wêreldkampioenskap" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Die_aanloop_na_die_wêreldkampioenskap"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Die aanloop na die wêreldkampioenskap</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Die_aanloop_na_die_wêreldkampioenskap-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fischer_word_wêreldkampioen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fischer_word_wêreldkampioen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Fischer word wêreldkampioen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fischer_word_wêreldkampioen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ná_die_wêreldkampioenskap" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ná_die_wêreldkampioenskap"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Ná die wêreldkampioenskap</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ná_die_wêreldkampioenskap-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bydraes_tot_skaak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bydraes_tot_skaak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Bydraes tot skaak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bydraes_tot_skaak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Bydraes tot skaak subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bydraes_tot_skaak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Publikasies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publikasies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Publikasies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publikasies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Eksterne skakels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bobby Fischer</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 95 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-95" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">95 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="بوبي فيشر – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوبي فيشر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%89_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="بوبى فيشر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بوبى فيشر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobbi_Fi%C5%9Fer" title="Bobbi Fişer – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bobbi Fişer" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="بابی فیشر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بابی فیشر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A4%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Роберт Фишер – Baskir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Роберт Фишер" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baskir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%A4%D1%96%D1%88%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Роберт Джэймс Фішэр – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Роберт Джэймс Фішэр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A4%D1%96%D1%88%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Робэрт Фішэр – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Робэрт Фішэр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%A4%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Боби Фишер – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Боби Фишер" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="ববি ফিশার – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ববি ফিশার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%95%D8%B1" title="بابی فیشەر – Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بابی فیشەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Benedesorbies" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Benedesorbies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B9_%CE%A6%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%81" title="Μπόμπι Φίσερ – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπόμπι Φίσερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Fischer" title="Robert Fischer – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Robert Fischer" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="بابی فیشر – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بابی فیشر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Faroëes" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroëes" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99_%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8" title="בובי פישר – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בובי פישר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B0" title="बॉबी फिशर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बॉबी फिशर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer_(%C5%A1ahist)" title="Bobby Fischer (šahist) – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bobby Fischer (šahist)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Oppersorbies" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Oppersorbies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BF_%D5%96%D5%AB%D5%B7%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ռոբերտ Ֆիշեր – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռոբերտ Ֆիշեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9C%E3%83%93%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%83%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC" title="ボビー・フィッシャー – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ボビー・フィッシャー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ბობი ფიშერი – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბობი ფიშერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%A4%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Роберт Джеймс Фишер – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Роберт Джеймс Фишер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%AB%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಬಾಬಿ ಫಿಷರ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬಾಬಿ ಫಿಷರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EB%B9%84_%ED%94%BC%EC%85%94" title="보비 피셔 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="보비 피셔" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robertus_Fischer" title="Robertus Fischer – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Robertus Fischer" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_James_Fischer" title="Robert James Fischer – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Robert James Fischer" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobijs_Fi%C5%A1ers" title="Bobijs Fišers – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bobijs Fišers" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Malgassies" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malgassies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A4%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Роберт Фишер – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Роберт Фишер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BC" title="ബോബി ഫിഷർ – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബോബി ഫിഷർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%A4%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Бобби Фишер – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бобби Фишер" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B0" title="बॉबी फिशर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बॉबी फिशर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_James_Fischer" title="Robert James Fischer – Nederduits" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Robert James Fischer" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0" title="ਬੌਬੀ ਫਿਸ਼ਰ – Pandjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬੌਬੀ ਫਿਸ਼ਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_James_Fischer" title="Robert James Fischer – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Robert James Fischer" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D9%81%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="بوبی فشر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بوبی فشر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Фишер, Роберт Джеймс – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фишер, Роберт Джеймс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Fischer" title="Robert Fischer – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Robert Fischer" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%A4%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Боби Фишер – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Боби Фишер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%83%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B7%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="பாபி ஃபிஷர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பாபி ஃபிஷர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%AB%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="బాబీ ఫిషర్ – Teloegoe" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బాబీ ఫిషర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Teloegoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B1%D3%A3_%D0%A4%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Боббӣ Фишер – Tadjiks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Боббӣ Фишер" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadjiks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="บอบบี ฟิชเชอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บอบบี ฟิชเชอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobi_Fi%C5%9Fer" title="Bobi Fişer – Turkmeens" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Bobi Fişer" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Fi%C5%A1er" title="Robert Fišer – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Robert Fišer" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A4%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Роберт Фишер – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Роберт Фишер" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B1%D1%96_%D0%A4%D1%96%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Боббі Фішер – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Боббі Фішер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D9%81%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="بوبی فشر – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بوبی فشر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bobby Fischer" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em; font-size: 85%; text-align: left;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="font-size: larger; text-align: center;">Bobby Fischer </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Bobby_Fischer_1960_in_Leipzig.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="'n Beeld van die betrokke persoonlikheid."><img alt="'n Beeld van die betrokke persoonlikheid." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Bobby_Fischer_1960_in_Leipzig.jpg/250px-Bobby_Fischer_1960_in_Leipzig.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Bobby_Fischer_1960_in_Leipzig.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="345" data-file-height="304" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;">Naam </th> <td>Robert James Fischer </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;">Geboorte </th> <td><a href="/wiki/9_Maart" title="9 Maart">9 Maart</a> <a href="/wiki/1943" title="1943">1943</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">IL</a> (VSA) </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;">Sterfte </th> <td><a href="/wiki/17_Januarie" title="17 Januarie">17 Januarie</a> <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Reykjavik" title="Reykjavik">Reykjavik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ysland" title="Ysland">Ysland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;">Nasionaliteit(e) </th> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Verenigde_State_van_Amerika" title="Vlag van Verenigde State van Amerika"><img alt="Vlag van Verenigde State van Amerika" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> Amerikaans<br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ysland" title="Vlag van Ysland"><img alt="Vlag van Ysland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></a></span> Yslands </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;">Titel </th> <td>Grootmeester </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;">Beste gradering </th> <td>2785 (Julie 1972) </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;">Wêreldkampioen </th> <td>1972-1975 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Robert James (Bobby) Fischer</b> was 'n grootmeester in <a href="/wiki/Skaak" title="Skaak">skaak</a> wat in <a href="/wiki/1972" title="1972">1972</a> die enigste <a href="/wiki/VSA" class="mw-redirect" title="VSA">Amerikaner</a> geword het wat die amptelike wêreldkampioenskap in skaak kon wen. Robert James Fischer is op <a href="/wiki/9_Maart" title="9 Maart">9 Maart</a> <a href="/wiki/1943" title="1943">1943</a> in die VSA gebore en sterf op <a href="/wiki/17_Januarie" title="17 Januarie">17 Januarie</a> <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ysland" title="Ysland">Ysland</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> waar hy die laaste jare van sy lewe gewoon het. Daar word gereeld na Fischer verwys as moontlik die beste skaakspeler van alle tye.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lewensloop">Lewensloop</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bobby_Fischer&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Lewensloop" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bobby_Fischer&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Lewensloop"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kinderdae">Kinderdae</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bobby_Fischer&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Kinderdae" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bobby_Fischer&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Kinderdae"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bobby Fischer is op <a href="/wiki/9_Maart" title="9 Maart">9 Maart</a> <a href="/wiki/1943" title="1943">1943</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> gebore. Hy verhuis op 'n jong leeftyd na <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stad" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Stad">New York</a> waar hy leer skaak speel toe hy ses jaar oud was. Hy word vroeg as 'n wonderkind gesien. Op dertien vra sy ma vir John W. Collins om sy skaaktutor te wees. Collins het verskeie topspelers afgerig, insluitend toekomstige grootmeesters Robert Byrne en William Lombardy. In <a href="/wiki/1957" title="1957">1957</a> word hy as veertienjarige kampioen van die <a href="/wiki/VSA" class="mw-redirect" title="VSA">VSA</a> (in 2008 staan die rekord steeds). Dié oorwinning besorg hom ook die titel internasionale meester. Daarna wen hy amper elke toernooi waaraan hy deelneem. By baie geleenthede stel hy hoë eise aan die toernooidirekteure. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:JWC_Lombardy_Fischer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/JWC_Lombardy_Fischer.jpg/220px-JWC_Lombardy_Fischer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/JWC_Lombardy_Fischer.jpg/330px-JWC_Lombardy_Fischer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/JWC_Lombardy_Fischer.jpg/440px-JWC_Lombardy_Fischer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="571" /></a><figcaption>William Lombardy (links), Jack Collins (middel) en Bobby Fischer (regs)</figcaption></figure> <p>Van 1957 tot <a href="/wiki/1966" title="1966">1966</a> speel Fischer agt keer in die VSA-kampioenskap. Hy wen al agt keer, waarvan een keer in <a href="/wiki/1963" title="1963">1963</a> met 'n perfekte telling van 11/11. In <a href="/wiki/1958" title="1958">1958</a> eindig Fischer sesde uit die agt spelers by die intersone-toernooi in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portoroz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portoroz (bladsy bestaan nie)">Portoroz</a> en word daarmee 'n grootmeester – op 15 die jongste in die geskiedenis tot in <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Die_aanloop_na_die_wêreldkampioenskap"><span id="Die_aanloop_na_die_w.C3.AAreldkampioenskap"></span>Die aanloop na die wêreldkampioenskap</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bobby_Fischer&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Die aanloop na die wêreldkampioenskap" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bobby_Fischer&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Die aanloop na die wêreldkampioenskap"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1970 is Fischer nie gekeur om deel te neem aan die volgende intersone-toernooi in <a href="/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca" class="mw-redirect" title="Palma de Mallorca">Palma de Mallorca</a> nie. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pal_Benk%C3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pal Benkö (bladsy bestaan nie)">Pal Benkö</a> stel egter sy plek beskikbaar en gevolglik kon Fischer tog speel. Fischer wen dié toernooi oortuigend met 18,5/23. In die kandidaatwedstryde verslaan hy die topspelers <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mark_Taimanov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mark Taimanov (bladsy bestaan nie)">Mark Taimanov</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bent_Larsen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bent Larsen (bladsy bestaan nie)">Bent Larsen</a> altwee met 6-0. Daarna wen hy ook die oud-wêreldkampioen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tigran_Petrosjan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tigran Petrosjan (bladsy bestaan nie)">Tigran Petrosjan</a> met 6,5-2,5. Met hierdie ongeëwenaarde prestasies bekom hy die reg om die wêreldkampioen uit te daag. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fischer_word_wêreldkampioen"><span id="Fischer_word_w.C3.AAreldkampioen"></span>Fischer word wêreldkampioen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bobby_Fischer&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Fischer word wêreldkampioen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bobby_Fischer&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Fischer word wêreldkampioen"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1972 speel Fischer in <a href="/wiki/Reykjavik" title="Reykjavik">Reykjavik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ysland" title="Ysland">Ysland</a> teen die toenmalige wêreldkampioen, <a href="/wiki/Boris_Spasski" title="Boris Spasski">Boris Spasski</a>. Fischer verloor die eerste spel, en daag nie op vir die tweede een nie. Na 'n verskuiwing na 'n kamer sonder kameras wen Fischer sewe van die volgende negentien spelle, met een nederlaag en elf gelykop spelle, en wen daarmee 12,5-8,5. Sodoende word Fischer die elfde wêreldkampioen in skaak. </p><p>Dit gebeur gereeld in wêreldklas-wedstryde met 'n reeks spelle dat een of albei spelers een of twee openinge baie deeglik voorberei en gereeld gedurende die wedstryd gebruik. Daarmee saam sal spelers ook voorberei deur van hulle opponent se vorige openingslyne te analiseer. Fischer het Spasski verras deur nooit 'n openingslyn deur die hele wedstryd te herhaal nie, en het 'n hele paar keer openingslyne gebruik wat hy nog nooit tevore in sy skaakloopbaan gebruik het nie. Gedurende die laaste helfte van die wedstryd het Spasski sy voorbereide openingslyne laat vaar en het gepoog om Fischer te uitoorlê met lyne wat hopelik vir altwee onvoorbereid sou wees, maar kon nie hiermee sukses behaal nie. <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fischer se oorwinning was van groot simboliese waarde in die tyd van die <a href="/wiki/Koue_Oorlog" title="Koue Oorlog">Koue Oorlog</a> met 'n Amerikaner wat eiehandig die magtige heersende bestel van die <a href="/wiki/Sowjetunie" title="Sowjetunie">Sowjetunie</a> beëindig wat wêreldskaak op daardie stadium oorheers het in die kwarteeu sedert 1948. In wat bekend staan as die "Fischer Boom" neem skaak in gewildheid toe in die VSA en elders. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ná_die_wêreldkampioenskap"><span id="N.C3.A1_die_w.C3.AAreldkampioenskap"></span>Ná die wêreldkampioenskap</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bobby_Fischer&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Ná die wêreldkampioenskap" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bobby_Fischer&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Ná die wêreldkampioenskap"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nadat hy die titel van wêreldkampioen verower het, speel Fischer vir twintig jaar geen amptelike wedstryde nie. In <a href="/wiki/1975" title="1975">1975</a> daag <a href="/wiki/Anatoly_Karpov" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatoly Karpov">Anatoly Karpov</a> Fischer uit, maar uiteindelik lê Fischer die titel neer nadat FIDE nie aan sy voorwaardes vir die wedstryd wou voldoen nie. Hierna verdwyn Fischer vir 'n geruime tyd uit die openbaar en die titel word aan Karpov gegee sonder dat 'n wedstryd plaasvind. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a> daag Fischer vir Spasski uit vir 'n "wraakwedstryd". Hulle speel op 'n Serwiese eiland in die destydse <a href="/wiki/Joego-Slawi%C3%AB" title="Joego-Slawië">Joego-Slawië</a> in 'n wedstryd wat volgens Fischer om die wêreldtitel is (alhoewel Kasparov op daardie stadium deur FIDE erken is as die wêreldkampioen). Fischer het gewen met 10-5. Weens VN-sanksies teen Joego-Slawië op daardie stadium, het die VSA-regering Fischer verbied om die wedstryd te speel. Fischer gaan egter voort met die wedstryd met prysgeld wat $3-miljoen beloop, en keer daarna nie weer terug na die VSA nie. </p><p>In die jare daarna het Fischer in <a href="/wiki/Hongarye" title="Hongarye">Hongarye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switserland" title="Switserland">Switserland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> en die <a href="/wiki/Filippyne" title="Filippyne">Filippyne</a> gebly. In sekere radioprogramme maak hy anti-Amerikaanse, anti-Bush en antisemitiese opmerkings.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sunday_Telegraph_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sunday_Telegraph-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Harper's_Magazine_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harper's_Magazine-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Op <a href="/wiki/13_Julie" title="13 Julie">13 Julie</a> <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a> word hy op 'n lughawe in <a href="/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio">Tokio</a> aangehou omdat sy paspoort ingetrek is deur die Amerikaanse owerheid terwyl hy in Japan was. Hy is vir nege maande gevange gehou en kon uiteindelik slegs loskom nadat <a href="/wiki/Ysland" title="Ysland">Ysland</a> aan hom burgerskap gebied het. </p><p>Fischer sterf op 64 in <a href="/wiki/Reykjavik" title="Reykjavik">Reykjavik</a> aan nierversaking.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bydraes_tot_skaak">Bydraes tot skaak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bobby_Fischer&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Bydraes tot skaak" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bobby_Fischer&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Bydraes tot skaak"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fischer het verskeie bydraes gemaak tot die skaakteorie in verband met openinge. Verskeie variasies op bestaande openinge word aan hom toegeskryf. </p><p>Internasionale meester Jeremy Silman het Fischer beskryf as een van die beste vyf spelers in die eindspel.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1988 verkry Fischer 'n patent op 'n digitale skaakhorlosie wat vinnig die norm geword het in die meeste groot skaaktoernooie. </p><p>Op <a href="/wiki/19_Junie" title="19 Junie">19 Junie</a> <a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a> in <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argentini%C3%AB" title="Argentinië">Argentinië</a> kondig Fischer 'n nuwe variasie op skaak aan, bekend as ewekansige skaak (<i>Random Chess</i>) of Chess960. Dié variasie poog om spelers te laat meeding op grond van hulle skaakvermoëns eerder as blote memorisasie van openingsvariasies. Fischer het per geleentheid gesê:<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>"Skaak is nou geheel en al dood. Dis alles net memorisering en voorafgaande reëling. Dis nou 'n verskriklike spel. Baie onkreatief."</dd></dl> <p>Luister gerus na 'n <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chess960.net/files/audio/fischer_20022701_iceland.mp3">klankgreep van Bobby Fischer</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071129072620/http://chess960.net/files/audio/fischer_20022701_iceland.mp3">Geargiveer</a> 29 November 2007 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> wat die onaangename kant van hoëvlakskaak beskryf. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Publikasies">Publikasies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bobby_Fischer&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Publikasies" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bobby_Fischer&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Publikasies"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Bobby Fischer's Games of Chess</i> (Simon and Schuster, New York, 1959). 'n Vroeë versameling van 34 spelle met aantekeninge, insluitend die beroemde "Spel van die eeu" teen Donald Byrne.</li> <li><i>A Bust to the King's Gambit</i> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chesscafe.com/text/bust.txt">teks</a>) (American Chess Quarterly, 1961)</li> <li><i>The Russians Have Fixed World Chess</i> (<i>Sports Illustrated</i>, Augustus 1962). In hierdie kontroversiële en invloedryke artikel maak Fischer bewerings van Sowjetsameswering in die kandidatetoernooi in Curacao in 1962.</li> <li><i>Checkmate</i> from 1966 to 1969 in <i>Boys' Life</i>.</li> <li><i>My 60 Memorable Games</i> (Simon and Schuster, New York, 1969, en Faber and Faber, Londen, 1969). Hierdie word as 'n klassieke teks geag deur die meeste skaakmeesters.</li> <li><i>Bobby Fischer Teaches Chess</i> met Donn Mosenfelder en Stuart Margulies (Bantam Books, Mei 1972, <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0553263153" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-553-26315-3</a>). Hierdie boek help beginners om eenvoudige skaakkombinasies te sien. Dit word baie deur skaakinstrukteurs gebruik en is een van die skaakboeke waarvan die meeste eksemplare ooit verkoop is.</li> <li><i>I Was Tortured in the Pasadena Jailhouse!</i> (1982). Oor sy inhegtenisname in 1981 in <a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_Kaliforni%C3%AB" title="Pasadena, Kalifornië">Pasadena</a>, Kalifornië.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bobby_Fischer&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bobby_Fischer&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180809030743/http://www.postchronicle.com/news/original/article_212125300.shtml">"Chess Champion Bobby Fischer Has Died"</a> (in Engels). The Post Chronicle. 17 Januarie 2007. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.postchronicle.com/news/original/article_212125300.shtml">die oorspronklike</a> op 9 Augustus 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">17 Januarie</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Chess+Champion+Bobby+Fischer+Has+Died&rft.date=2007-01-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.postchronicle.com%2Fnews%2Foriginal%2Farticle_212125300.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABobby+Fischer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Max_Euwe" title="Max Euwe">Euwe, Max</a>. <i>Bobby Fischer--The Greatest?</i>. Sterling Publishing Co. 1979. p. ix.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Soltis, Andrew. <i>Bobby Fischer Rediscovered</i>. Batsford 2003. p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mednis, Edmar. <i>How to Beat Bobby Fischer</i>. Dover 1997. p. xiii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Garry_Kasparov" class="mw-redirect" title="Garry Kasparov">Kasparov, Garry</a>. <i>My Great Predecessors</i>. Everyman Chess, 2004. Volume IV, p. 490.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Golombek's Encyclopedia of Chess</i>. Crown Publishers, 1977. p. 117.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Batsford Chess Encyclopedia</i>. Batsford, 1990. p. 67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gligoric, Svetozar. <i>Fischer vs. Spassky, The Chess Match of the Century</i>. The Chess Player 1972.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Parr, Larry: "Is Bobby Fischer Anti-Semitic?", <i>Chess News</i>, Mei 2001 <span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sunday_Telegraph-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Sunday_Telegraph_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFBamber,_DavidHastings,_Chris2001" class="citation news cs1">Bamber, David; Hastings, Chris (2 Desember 2001). "Bobby Fischer speaks out to applaud Trade Centre attacks". Sunday Telegraph (London). p. 17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bobby+Fischer+speaks+out+to+applaud+Trade+Centre+attacks&rft.pages=17&rft.date=2001-12-02&rft.au=Bamber%2C+David&rft.au=Hastings%2C+Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABobby+Fischer" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harper's_Magazine-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Harper's_Magazine_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"The Bin Laden defense; Diatribe; Bobby Fischer speaks out in favor of 9/11 attacks; Brief Article; Transcript". <i>Harper's Magazine</i>. <b>304</b> (1822): 27. 1 Maart 2002. 0017-789X.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harper%27s+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Bin+Laden+defense%3B+Diatribe%3B+Bobby+Fischer+speaks+out+in+favor+of+9%2F11+attacks%3B+Brief+Article%3B+Transcript&rft.volume=304&rft.issue=1822&rft.pages=27&rft.date=2002-03-01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ABobby+Fischer" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7195840.stm">Chess legend Fischer dies at 64</a>, BBC News, 18 Januarie 2008 <span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrc.nl/sport/article899042.ece">Schaaklegende Fischer overleden</a> NRC Handelsblad, 18 Januarie 2008 <span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Nederlands">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">nl</span>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Silman, Jeremy, 2007, Silman's Complete Endgame Course: From Beginner to Master, Siles Press, <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/1890085103" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-890085-10-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=3468">Speaking about Fischer...</a> 5 November 2006</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bobby_Fischer&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Wysig afdeling: Eksterne skakels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bobby_Fischer&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne skakels"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fischer.jp/">Amptelike werf</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080121125138/https://web.archive.org/web/20080121125138/http://www.fischer.jp/">Geargiveer</a> 21 Januarie 2008 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> met verklarings en radio-onderhoude</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41314&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41314&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a 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href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90061940">90061940</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Chile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biblioteca Nacional de Chile (bladsy bestaan nie)">BNC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000403538">000403538</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1133878">XX1133878</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120154588">cb120154588</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120154588">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Name_and_Title_Authority_File_of_Catalonia" title="Name and Title Authority File of Catalonia">CANTIC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cantic.bnc.cat/registres/CUCId/a11079952">a11079952</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA10934462?l=en">DA10934462</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118533479">118533479</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IMDb" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb">IMDb</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=345&url_prefix=https://www.imdb.com/&id=nm1648139">nm1648139</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000114719073">0000 0001 1471 9073</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79049340">n79049340</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Latvia">LNB</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000325878&P_CON_LNG=ENG">000325878</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/MusicBrainz" title="MusicBrainz">MusicBrainz</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/b4016a42-67bb-43fe-9fde-86c39729cef0">b4016a42-67bb-43fe-9fde-86c39729cef0</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00439566">00439566</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0032039&CON_LNG=ENG">xx0032039</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Australia">NLA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35085703">35085703</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="error">The NLP id a0000001690430 is not valid.</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_and_University_Library_in_Zagreb" class="mw-redirect" title="National and University Library in Zagreb">NSK</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000055690&local_base=nsk10">000055690</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Library_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Library of the Netherlands">NTA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/SNAC" title="SNAC">SNAC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6cg13jv">w6cg13jv</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02828822X">02828822X</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Trove" title="Trove">Trove</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/822150">822150</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/46772260">46772260</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <a 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