CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>   <script> var _paq = window._paq = window._paq || []; /* tracker methods like "setCustomDimension" should be called before "trackPageView" */ _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); (function() { var u="//matomo.waset.org/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'matomo.php']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', '2']); var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.async=true; g.src=u+'matomo.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })(); </script>  <title>Search results for: cuminum cyminum L. essential oil</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: cuminum cyminum L. essential oil"> <meta name="keywords" content="cuminum cyminum L. essential oil"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="cuminum cyminum L. essential oil" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2025/2026/2027">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="cuminum cyminum L. essential oil"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 4466</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: cuminum cyminum L. essential oil</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4466</span> Effect of Cuminum Cyminum L. Essential Oil on Staphylococcus Aureus during the Manufacture, Ripening and Storage of White Brined Cheese</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Misaghi">Ali Misaghi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afshin%20Akhondzadeh%20Basti"> Afshin Akhondzadeh Basti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Sadeghi"> Ehsan Sadeghi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen of major concern for clinical infection and food borne illness. Humans and most domesticated animals harbor S. aureus, and so we may expect staphylococci to be present in food products of animal origin or in those handled directly by humans, unless heat processing is applied to destroy them. Cuminum cyminum L. has been allocated the topic of some recent studies in addition to its well-documented traditional usage for treatment of toothache, dyspepsia, diarrhea, epilepsy and jaundice. The air-dried seed of the plant was completely immersed in water and subjected to hydro distillation for 3 h, using a clevenger-type apparatus. In this study, the effect of Cuminum cyminum L. essential oil (EO) on growth of Staphylococcus aureus in white brined cheese was evaluated. The experiment included different levels of EO (0, 7.5, 15 and 30 mL/ 100 mL milk) to assess their effects on S. aureus count during the manufacture, ripening and storage of Iranian white brined cheese for up to 75 days. The significant (P < 0.05) inhibitory effects of EO (even at its lowest concentration) on this organism were observed. The significant (P < 0.05) inhibitory effect of the EO on S. aureus shown in this study may improve the scope of the EO function in the food industry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cuminum%20cyminum%20L.%20essential%20oil" title="cuminum cyminum L. essential oil">cuminum cyminum L. essential oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=staphylococcus%20aureus" title=" staphylococcus aureus"> staphylococcus aureus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=white%20brined%20cheese" title=" white brined cheese"> white brined cheese</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23074/effect-of-cuminum-cyminum-l-essential-oil-on-staphylococcus-aureus-during-the-manufacture-ripening-and-storage-of-white-brined-cheese" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23074.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">393</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4465</span> Enhancement in Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Cuminum cyminum L. through Niosome Nanocarries </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatemeh%20Haghiralsadat">Fatemeh Haghiralsadat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohadese%20Hashemi"> Mohadese Hashemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elham%20Akhoundi%20Kharanaghi"> Elham Akhoundi Kharanaghi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mojgan%20Yazdani"> Mojgan Yazdani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahboobe%20Sharafodini"> Mahboobe Sharafodini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omid%20Javani"> Omid Javani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Niosomes are colloidal particles formed from the self-assembly of non-ionic surfactants in aqueous medium resulting in closed bilayer structures. As a consequence of this hydrophilic and hydrophobic structure, niosomes have the capacity to entrap compounds of different solubilities. Niosomes are promising vehicle for drug delivery which protect sensitive drugs and improve the therapeutic index of drugs by restricting their action to target cells. Essential oils are complex mixtures of volatile compounds such as terpenoids, phenol-derived aromatic components that have been used for many biological properties including bactericidal, fungicidal, insecticidal, antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase and other medicinal properties. Encapsulation of essential oils in niosomes can be an attractive method to overcome their limitation such as volatility, easily decomposition by heat, humidity, light, or oxygen. Cuminum cyminum L. (Cumin) is an aromatic plant included in the Apiaceae family and is used to flavor foods, added to fragrances, and for medical preparations which is indigenous to Egypt, the Mediterranean region, Iran and India. The major components of the Cumin oil were reported as cuminaldehyde, γ -terpinene, β-pinene, p-cymene, p-mentha-1, 3-dien-7-al, and p-mentha-1, 4-dien-7-al which provide the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. The aim of this work was to formulate Cumin essential oil-loaded niosomes to improve water solubility of natural product and evaluate its physico-chemical features and stability. Cumin oil was obtained through steam distillation using a clevenger-type apparatus and GC/MS was applied to identify the main components of the essential oil. Niosomes were prepared by using thin film hydration method and nanoparticles were characterized for particle size, dispersity index, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro release, and morphology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cuminum%20cyminum%20L." title="Cuminum cyminum L.">Cuminum cyminum L.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cumin" title=" Cumin"> Cumin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=niosome" title=" niosome"> niosome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20oil" title=" essential oil"> essential oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=encapsulation" title=" encapsulation"> encapsulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33689/enhancement-in-antimicrobial-and-antioxidant-activity-of-cuminum-cyminum-l-through-niosome-nanocarries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33689.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">524</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4464</span> Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Activity of Three Essential Oil and Beauvericin Nanogel on Plodia Interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magda%20Mahmoud%20Amin%20Sabbour">Magda Mahmoud Amin Sabbour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=El-Sayed%20H.%20Shaurub"> El-Sayed H. Shaurub</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), of stored grain pests which destroy the seed completely. Their larval stages feed on the nutrient germinating kernels part found in the seeds grain. This leads to a reduction causing a badness to seed germination and seed viability. It controlled by many insecticides which pollute and cusses a harmful diseases to human being. Three tested oils were evaluated on this target pests. Plant extracts, essential oils and medical oils are materials which used to control many stored pests. Plant oils extracts have a lower effects on parasites and predators and not pollute the medium. By using the apparatus gas chromatography flame ionization detector gas chromatography–analysis of three essential oil tested. This research was point to explore and appreciation the activity of three oils and nano gel Beauvericin against P. interpunctella in the laboratory conditions and in the store conditions. The three essential oil tested proved that, percentage of α-Pinene recoded 7.76, 7.72 and 6.66 for C. cyminum, A. squamosal and G. officinale respectively. The composition of the β-Pinene recoded 4.61, 8.92 and 30.63 for the corresponding oils tested. Results showed that after analytically the oils tested, the effective compound of C. cyminum oil are p-cyinene and Terpinene. Results obtained show that the LC50 recorded 125, 112, 55 and 20 ppm after P. interpunctella treated with medical oils of Guaiacum officinale, Annona squamosa, Cuminum cyminum and Beauvericin 3% respectively. The accumulative mortality of P. interpunctella after treated with A.squamosa oil-loaded nanogels which showed that it is the highest oils from infestations recoded when the seed treated with 3% after 48 days, the accumulations obtained 44% at followed by 24 after24 days of storage. Results, cleared that the seed protection by G. officinale recorded 40% at concentrations of 3% after 48 days of storage seeds. C. cyminum was the highest mortality by 98, at concentrations 3%. The highest seed protection proved after C. cyminum oil-loaded nanogels 14% followed by G. officinale 29% and A.squamosa 44%.when the seeds treated with Beauvericin 3%. Results of this work cleared that the essential medical oils have a useful action effect on target insects. Plant essential and medical oils, their active ingredient have potentially high bioactivity against on P. interpunctella. The medical and essential oils incorporation and usage the nano-formulation release stopped the highly degradation vaporization and the increasing in the constancy, and save the lower effectiveness of the dosage/application. The research results proved that the highest seed protection obtained after C. cyminum oil-loaded nanogels followed by G. officinale and A.squamosa. It could be complemented that P. interpunctella were more susceptible to medical oils loaded nanogel (MOLNs ) than medical oils only (MO). MOLNs had best lower amount of the residual activity than MO only. MOLNs might mend the insecticidal action of the medical oil tested by the slow effective release of the medical oils to control P. interpunctella mostly at the lower doses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cuminum%20cyminum" title="Cuminum cyminum">Cuminum cyminum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=annona%20squamosa" title=" annona squamosa"> annona squamosa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=guaiacum%20officinale" title=" guaiacum officinale"> guaiacum officinale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beauvericin%203%20%25" title=" beauvericin 3 %"> beauvericin 3 %</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plodia%20interpunctella" title=" plodia interpunctella"> plodia interpunctella</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154047/chemical-composition-and-insecticidal-activity-of-three-essential-oil-and-beauvericin-nanogel-on-plodia-interpunctella-lepidoptera-pyralidae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154047.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4463</span> GC and GCxGC-MS Composition of Volatile Compounds from Cuminum cyminum and Carum carvi by Using Techniques Assisted by Microwaves</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Benkaci-Ali">F. Benkaci-Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20M%C3%A9kaoui"> R. Mékaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Scholl"> G. Scholl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Eppe"> G. Eppe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The new methods as accelerated steam distillation assisted by microwave (ASDAM) is a combination of microwave heating and steam distillation, performed at atmospheric pressure at very short extraction time. Isolation and concentration of volatile compounds are performed by a single stage. (ASDAM) has been compared with (ASDAM) with cryogrinding of seeds (CG) and a conventional technique, hydrodistillation assisted by microwave (HDAM), hydro-distillation (HD) for the extraction of essential oil from aromatic herb as caraway and cumin seeds. The essential oils extracted by (ASDAM) for 1 min were quantitatively (yield) and qualitatively (aromatic profile) no similar to those obtained by ASDAM-CG (1 min) and HD (for 3 h). The accelerated microwave extraction with cryogrinding inhibits numerous enzymatic reactions as hydrolysis of oils. Microwave radiations constitute the adequate mean for the extraction operations from the yields and high content in major component majority point view, and allow to minimise considerably the energy consumption, but especially heating time too, which is one of essential parameters of artifacts formation. The ASDAM and ASDAM-CG are green techniques and yields an essential oil with higher amounts of more valuable oxygenated compounds comparable to the biosynthesis compounds, and allows substantial savings of costs, in terms of time, energy and plant material. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave" title="microwave">microwave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steam%20distillation" title=" steam distillation"> steam distillation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=caraway" title=" caraway"> caraway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cumin" title=" cumin"> cumin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cryogrinding" title=" cryogrinding"> cryogrinding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GC-MS" title=" GC-MS"> GC-MS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GCxGC-MS" title=" GCxGC-MS"> GCxGC-MS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8790/gc-and-gcxgc-ms-composition-of-volatile-compounds-from-cuminum-cyminum-and-carum-carvi-by-using-techniques-assisted-by-microwaves" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8790.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4462</span> Effects of Cuminum cyminum L. Essential Oil Supplementation on Components of Metabolic Syndrome: A Clinical Trial</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashti%20Morovati">Ashti Morovati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hushyar%20Azari"> Hushyar Azari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahram%20Pourghassem%20Gargari"> Bahram Pourghassem Gargari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives and goals: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), as a major health burden for societies, is increasing. This clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of CuEO supplementation on anthropometric indices, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose level, insulin resistance and serum lipid level in patients suffering from MetS. Methods: This was a randomized, triple‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial in which 56 patients with MetS aged 18–60 years who fulfilled the eligibility criteria were randomly allocated to an intervention or a control group. Inclusion criteria for the study were comprised of diagnosis of MetS according to the new International Federation of Diabetes. The exclusion criteria were defined as: taking herbal supplements, use of drugs having evident interaction with cumin such as anti‐depressant drugs, vitamin D, omega 3, selenium, zinc, smoking, pregnancy, or breastfeeding, suffering from cancer, having any history of gastrointestinal and hepatic, cardiovascular, thyroid and kidney disorders, and menopause. 75 mg CuEO or placebo soft gels were administered three times daily to the participants for eight weeks. The soft gel consumption was checked by asking the participants to bring the medication containers in the follow‐up visits at the 4th and the 8th weeks of the study. Data pertaining to blood pressure, height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference and BMI, as well as food consumption were collected at the beginning and end of the study. Fasting blood samples ( glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol) were obtained and biochemical measurements were assessed at the beginning and end of the study. Results: At eight weeks, a total of 44 patients completed this study. Except for diastolic blood pressure (DBP), the other assessed variables were not significantly different between the two groups. In intra group analysis, placebo and CuEO groups both had insignificant decrements in DBP (mean difference [MD] with 95% CI: −3.31 [−7.11, 0.47] and −1.77 [−5.95, 2.40] mmHg, respectively). However, DBP was significantly lower in CuEO compared with the placebo group at the end of study (81.41 ± 5.88 vs. 84.09 ± 5.54 mmHg, MD with 95% CI: −3.98 [−7.60, −0.35] mmHg, p < .05). Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that CuEO does not have any effect on MetS components, except for DBP in patients with MetS. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood%20pressure" title="blood pressure">blood pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fasting%20blood%20glucose" title=" fasting blood glucose"> fasting blood glucose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid%20profile" title=" lipid profile"> lipid profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waist%20circumference" title=" waist circumference"> waist circumference</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138973/effects-of-cuminum-cyminum-l-essential-oil-supplementation-on-components-of-metabolic-syndrome-a-clinical-trial" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138973.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4461</span> Antibacterial Effects of Some Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Extracts on Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Pear Orchards</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kubilay%20Kurtulus%20Bastas">Kubilay Kurtulus Bastas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bacterial diseases are very destructive and cause economic losses on pears. Promising plant extracts for the management of plant diseases are environmentally safe, long-lasting and extracts of certain plants contain alkaloids, tannins, quinones, coumarins, phenolic compounds, and phytoalexins. In this study, bacteria were isolated from different parts of pear exhibiting characteristic symptoms of bacterial diseases from the Central Anatolia, Turkey. Pathogenic bacteria were identified by morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular methods as fire blight (Erwinia amylovora (39%)), bacterial blossom blast and blister bark (Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (22%)), crown gall (Rhizobium radiobacter (1%)) from different pear cultivars, and determined virulence levels of the pathogens with pathogenicity tests. The air-dried 25 plant material was ground into fine powder and extraction was performed at room temperature by maceration with 80% (v/v) methanol/distilled water. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined by using modified disc diffusion method at five different concentrations and streptomycin sulphate was used as control chemical. Bacterial suspensions were prepared as 108 CFU ml⁻¹ densities and 100 µl bacterial suspensions were spread to TSA medium. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by measuring the inhibition zones in reference to the test organisms. Among the tested plants, Origanum vulgare, Hedera helix, Satureja hortensis, Rhus coriaria, Eucalyptus globulus, Rosmarinus officinalis, Ocimum basilicum, Salvia officinalis, Cuminum cyminum and Thymus vulgaris showed a good antibacterial activity and they inhibited the growth of the pathogens with inhibition zone diameter ranging from 7 to 27 mm at 20% (w/v) in absolute methanol in vitro conditions. In vivo, the highest efficacy was determined as 27% on reducing tumor formation of R. radiobacter, and 48% and 41% on reducing shoot blight of E. amylovora and P. s. pv. syringae on pear seedlings, respectively. Obtaining data indicated that some plant extracts may be used against the bacterial diseases on pome fruits within sustainable and organic management programs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacteria" title="bacteria">bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eco-friendly%20management" title=" eco-friendly management"> eco-friendly management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic" title=" organic"> organic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pear" title=" pear"> pear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20extract" title=" plant extract "> plant extract </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81905/antibacterial-effects-of-some-medicinal-and-aromatic-plant-extracts-on-pathogenic-bacteria-isolated-from-pear-orchards" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81905.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4460</span> Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of the Essential Oil of Pulicaria jaubertii Leaves</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Methaq%20Algabr">Methaq Algabr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nabil%20Al-Hajj"> Nabil Al-Hajj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ameerh%20Jaber"> Ameerh Jaber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amtellah%20Alshotobi"> Amtellah Alshotobi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaima%27a%20Al-suryhi"> Shaima'a Al-suryhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gadah%20Whaban"> Gadah Whaban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nawal%20Alshehari"> Nawal Alshehari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Steam distillation of the essential oil of P. jaubertii was performed using a Clevenger apparatus. Essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography coupled to chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The major chemical components identified in P. jaubertii essential oil include carvotanacetone (63.975%), 1-methyl-1,2-propanedione (5.887%), 2,5-dimethoxy-para-cymene (3.303%) and ar-curcumene (3.276%). The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of P. jaubertii was evaluated against all tested microorganisms. P. jaubertii essential oil inhibited all tested microorganisms except Escherichia coli with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 5.0 μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pulicaria%20jaubertii" title="Pulicaria jaubertii">Pulicaria jaubertii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20oil" title=" essential oil"> essential oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial" title=" antimicrobial"> antimicrobial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carvotancetone" title=" Carvotancetone"> Carvotancetone</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160906/antibacterial-and-antifungal-activities-of-the-essential-oil-of-pulicaria-jaubertii-leaves" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160906.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">116</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4459</span> Effects of Organic Fertilizer and Azotobacter and Azospirillum Bacteria on Concentration and Composition of Essential Oil of Coriander (Coriandrum Sativum L.)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20T.%20Darzi">M. T. Darzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Shirkhodaei"> M. Shirkhodaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20R.%20Haj%20Seyed%20Hadi"> M. R. Haj Seyed Hadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main objective of this study was to determine the effects of organic fertilizer and azotobacter and azospirillum bacteria on concentration and composition of essential oil in the coriander essential oil content, essential oil yield, linalool percent, alpha pinene percent and cymene percent in essential oil. The experiment was carried out as factorial experiment in the base of randomized complete blocks design with eight treatments and three replications at research field of Agriculture Company of Ran in Firouzkuh of iran in 2012. The factors were Vermicompost in four levels (0, 3, 6 and 9 ton/ha) and biofertilizer, mixture of Azotobacter chroococcum and Azospirillum lipoferum in two levels (non-inoculated and inoculated seeds). The present results have shown that vermicompost had significant effects on evaluated traits except linalool percent in essential oil, as the highest essential oil content, essential oil yield and alpha pinene percent in essential were obtained after applying 6 ton/ha vermicompost. The minimum cymene percent in essential oil were obtained after applying 6 ton/ha vermicompost. Biofertilizer also showed significant effects on essential oil yield only. The highest essential oil yield were obtained by using the biofertilizer (inoculated seeds). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coriander" title="coriander">coriander</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vermicompost" title=" vermicompost"> vermicompost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biofertilizer" title=" biofertilizer"> biofertilizer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20oil" title=" essential oil"> essential oil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29211/effects-of-organic-fertilizer-and-azotobacter-and-azospirillum-bacteria-on-concentration-and-composition-of-essential-oil-of-coriander-coriandrum-sativum-l" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29211.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4458</span> Biological Activity of Essential Oils from Salvia nemorosa L.</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdol-Hassan%20Doulah">Abdol-Hassan Doulah </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, antimicrobial activity of essential oil and ethyl acetate and ether extracts of S. nemorosa were examined against some species of bacteria and fungi. The essential oil of the aerial part of S. nemorosa was examined by GC and GC-MS. In the essential oil of S. nemorosa 26 Compounds have been identified. 2-Nonanone (44.09 %), 2-Undecanone (33.79 %), E-Caryophyllene (3.74 %) and 2-Decanone (2.89 %) were the main components of the essential oil. The essential oil analysis showed greatest antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis (5.3 μg/ml) and S. cerevisiae (9.3 μg/ml). The ethyl acetate showed greatest antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis (106.7 μg/ml), Candida albicans (5.3 μg/ml) and ether extract showed greatest antimicrobial activity against Klebseilla pneumoniae (10.7 μg/ml) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (10.7 μg/ml). In conclusion, we suggest that the antimicrobial activity of S. nemorosa may be due to its content of germacrene and linalool. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibacterial%20activity" title="antibacterial activity">antibacterial activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antifungal%20activity" title=" antifungal activity"> antifungal activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salvia%20nemorosa%20L." title=" Salvia nemorosa L."> Salvia nemorosa L.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20oils" title=" essential oils"> essential oils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20activity" title=" biological activity"> biological activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31804/biological-activity-of-essential-oils-from-salvia-nemorosa-l" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31804.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">499</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4457</span> Antioxidant Activity and Chemical Constituents of Leaf Essential Oils of Pseuduvaria Monticola and Pseuduvaria Macrophylla (Annonaceae)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hairin%20Taha">Hairin Taha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Narrima"> P. Narrima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Hapipah"> M. A. Hapipah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Mustafa"> A. M. Mustafa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The chemical constituents and antioxidant activity of the leaf essential oils of Pseuduvaria monticola and Pseuduvaria macrophylla from the Annonaceae family were investigated. GC-TOFMS analyses identified 46 compounds from Pseuduvaria monticola and 11 compounds from Pseuduvaria macrophylla. The major constituents in the leaf essential oil of Pseuduvaria monticola were a-cadinol (13.0%), calamenene-cis (6.9%), alfa copaene (4%), and epizonarene (3.8%), while in the leaf essential oil of Pseuduvaria macrophylla were caryophyllene oxide (29.7%) and elimicin (28%). The antioxidant activity of both the essential oils were determined using the 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay (DPPH). The present study suggests that both essential oils demonstrated good antioxidant activity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pseuduvaria%20monticola" title="Pseuduvaria monticola">Pseuduvaria monticola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pseuduvaria%20macrophylla" title=" Pseuduvaria macrophylla"> Pseuduvaria macrophylla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leaf%20essential%20oils" title=" leaf essential oils"> leaf essential oils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GC-MSTOF" title=" GC-MSTOF"> GC-MSTOF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20activity" title=" antioxidant activity"> antioxidant activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20076/antioxidant-activity-and-chemical-constituents-of-leaf-essential-oils-of-pseuduvaria-monticola-and-pseuduvaria-macrophylla-annonaceae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20076.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">385</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4456</span> Physicochemical Profile of Essential Oil of Daucus carota</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nassima%20Behidj-Benyounes">Nassima Behidj-Benyounes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thoraya%20Dahmene"> Thoraya Dahmene</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Essential oils have a significant antimicrobial activity. These oils can successfully replace the antibiotics. So, the microorganisms show their inefficiencies resistant for the antibiotics. For this reason, we study the physic-chemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Daucus carota. The extraction is done by steam distillation of water which brought us a very significant return of 4.65%. The analysis of the essential oil is performed by GC/MS and has allowed us to identify 32 compounds in the oil of D. carota flowering tops of Bouira. Three of which are in the majority are the α-pinene (22.3%), the carotol (21.7%) and the limonene (15.8%). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=daucus%20carota" title="daucus carota">daucus carota</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20oil" title=" essential oil"> essential oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B1-pinene" title=" α-pinene"> α-pinene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carotol" title=" carotol"> carotol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limonene" title=" limonene"> limonene</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22286/physicochemical-profile-of-essential-oil-of-daucus-carota" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22286.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4455</span> Analyzing Essential Patents of Mobile Communication Based on Patent Portfolio: Case Study of Long Term Evolution-Advanced </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kujhin%20Jeong">Kujhin Jeong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sungjoo%20Lee"> Sungjoo Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the past, cross-licensing was made up of various application or commercial patents. Today, cross-licensing is restricted to essential patents, which has emphasized their importance significantly. Literature has shown that patent portfolio provides information for patent protection or strategy decision-making, but little empirical research has found strategic tool of essential patents. This paper will highlight four types of essential patent portfolio and analysis about each strategy in the field of LTE-A. Specifically we collected essential patents of mobile communication company through ETSI (European Telecommunication Standards Institute) and build-up portfolio activity, concentration, diversity, and quality. Using these portfolios, we can understand each company’s strategic character about the technology of LTE-A and comparison analysis of financial results. Essential patents portfolio displays a mobile communication company’s strategy and its strategy’s impact on the performance of a company. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20patent" title="essential patent">essential patent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=portfolio" title=" portfolio"> portfolio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patent%20portfolio" title=" patent portfolio"> patent portfolio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20patent%20portfolio" title=" essential patent portfolio"> essential patent portfolio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43598/analyzing-essential-patents-of-mobile-communication-based-on-patent-portfolio-case-study-of-long-term-evolution-advanced" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43598.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">404</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4454</span> The Insecticidal Activity of Three Essential Oils on the Chickpea Weevil Callosobruchus Maculatus F (Coleoptera; Curculionidae)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azzaz%20Siham">Azzaz Siham</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Essential oils are, by definition, secondary metabolites produced by plants as a means of defense against phytophagous pests. This work aims to study the insecticidal effect of the essential oil of three plants: Phoenician juniper Juniperus phoenicea; the Niaouli Melaleuca quinquenervia and the wild carrot Daucus carota L, on the chickpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus F, which is known as a formidable pest of legumes. Essential oils are obtained by hydrodistillation. The study carried out in the laboratory concerning the insecticidal activity of these essential oils by contact and inhalation effect on C.maculatus gave important results, especially for the essential oil of Juniperus phoenicea for the contact test; and for the inhalation test, the essential oil of Melaleuca quinquenervia shows remarkable insecticidal activity compared to the other two oils. The results of these tests showed a very interesting action. The essential oils used very significantly describe the lifespan of adults. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20oils" title="essential oils">essential oils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=juniperus%20phoenicea" title=" juniperus phoenicea"> juniperus phoenicea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=melaleuca%20quinquenervia" title=" melaleuca quinquenervia"> melaleuca quinquenervia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=daucus%20carota" title=" daucus carota"> daucus carota</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Callosobruchus%20maculatus" title=" Callosobruchus maculatus"> Callosobruchus maculatus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146545/the-insecticidal-activity-of-three-essential-oils-on-the-chickpea-weevil-callosobruchus-maculatus-f-coleoptera-curculionidae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146545.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4453</span> Antimicrobial Activity of Different Essential Oils in Synergy with Amoxicillin against Clinical Isolates of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naheed%20Niaz">Naheed Niaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nimra%20Naeem"> Nimra Naeem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bushra%20Uzair"> Bushra Uzair</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riffat%20Tahira"> Riffat Tahira</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Antibacterial activity of different traditional plants essential oils against clinical isolates of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) through disk diffusion method was evaluated. All the tested essential oils, in different concentrations, inhibited growth of S. aureus to varying degrees. Cinnamon and Thyme essential oils were observed to be the “best” against test pathogen. Even at lowest concentration of these essential oils i.e. 25 µl/ml, clear zone of inhibition was recorded 9+0.085mm and 8+0.051mm respectively, and at higher concentrations there was a total reduction in growth of MRSA. The study also focused on analyzing the synergistic effects of essential oils in combination with amoxicillin. Results showed that oregano and pennyroyal mint essential oils which were not very effective alone turned out to be strong synergistic enhancers. The activity increased with increase in concentration of the essential oils. It may be concluded from present results that cinnamon and thyme essential oils could be used as potential antimicrobial source for the treatment of infections caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Staphylococcus%20aureus" title="Staphylococcus aureus">Staphylococcus aureus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20oils" title=" essential oils"> essential oils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibiotics" title=" antibiotics"> antibiotics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combination%20therapy" title=" combination therapy"> combination therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minimum%20inhibitory%20concentration" title=" minimum inhibitory concentration"> minimum inhibitory concentration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22310/antimicrobial-activity-of-different-essential-oils-in-synergy-with-amoxicillin-against-clinical-isolates-of-methicillin-resistant-staphylococcus-aureus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22310.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">451</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4452</span> Identifying Network Subgraph-Associated Essential Genes in Molecular Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Efendi%20Zaenudin">Efendi Zaenudin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chien-Hung%20Huang"> Chien-Hung Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ka-Lok%20Ng"> Ka-Lok Ng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Essential genes play an important role in the survival of an organism. It has been shown that cancer-associated essential genes are genes necessary for cancer cell proliferation, where these genes are potential therapeutic targets. Also, it was demonstrated that mutations of the cancer-associated essential genes give rise to the resistance of immunotherapy for patients with tumors. In the present study, we focus on studying the biological effects of the essential genes from a network perspective. We hypothesize that one can analyze a biological molecular network by decomposing it into both three-node and four-node digraphs (subgraphs). These network subgraphs encode the regulatory interaction information among the network’s genetic elements. In this study, the frequency of occurrence of the subgraph-associated essential genes in a molecular network was quantified by using the statistical parameter, odds ratio. Biological effects of subgraph-associated essential genes are discussed. In summary, the subgraph approach provides a systematic method for analyzing molecular networks and it can capture useful biological information for biomedical research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20molecular%20networks" title="biological molecular networks">biological molecular networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20genes" title=" essential genes"> essential genes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graph%20theory" title=" graph theory"> graph theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20subgraphs" title=" network subgraphs"> network subgraphs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128285/identifying-network-subgraph-associated-essential-genes-in-molecular-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128285.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4451</span> Physico-Chemical Characterization of the Essential Oil of Daucus carota</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nassima%20Behidj-Benyounes">Nassima Behidj-Benyounes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thoraya%20Dahmene"> Thoraya Dahmene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Benyounes%20Nadjiba%20Chebouti1and%20F%2FZohra%20Bissaad"> Khaled Benyounes Nadjiba Chebouti1and F/Zohra Bissaad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Essential oils have a significant antimicrobial activity. These oils can successfully replace the antibiotics. So, the microorganisms show their inefficiencies resistant for the antibiotics. For this reason, we study the physicochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Daucus carota. The extraction is done by steam distillation of water which brought us a very significant return of 4.65%. The analysis of the essential oil is performed by GC/MS and has allowed us to identify 32 compounds in the oil of D. carota flowering tops of Bouira. Three of which are in the majority are the α-pinene (22.3%), the carotol (21.7%) and the limonene (15.8%). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daucus%20carota" title="Daucus carota">Daucus carota</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20oil" title=" essential oil"> essential oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B1-pinene" title=" α-pinene"> α-pinene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carotol" title=" carotol"> carotol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limonene" title=" limonene"> limonene</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17207/physico-chemical-characterization-of-the-essential-oil-of-daucus-carota" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17207.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">396</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4450</span> Preparation of Essential Oil Capsule (Carum Copticum) In Chitosan Nanoparticles and Investigation of Its Biological Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akbar%20Esmaeili">Akbar Esmaeili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azadeh%20Asgari"> Azadeh Asgari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Essential oils’ unique and practical properties have been widely reported in recent years. Still, the sensitivity of critical oils to environmental factors and their poor solubility in aqueous solutions have limited their use in industries. Therefore, we encapsulated C. copticum essential oil in chitosan nanoparticles by emulsion-ionic gelation with sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium hexametaphosphate cross-linkers. The nanoparticles showed a round shape with an average size of 30-80 nm and a regular distribution. The release profile in the laboratory environment showed a burst in the initial release and then a stable release of C. copticum essential oil from chitosan nanoparticles at different pH. Antioxidant and antibacterial properties of C. copticum essential oil before and after the encapsulation process were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical and disc diffusion methods, respectively. The results showed that the encapsulation of C. copticum essential oil in chitosan nanoparticles could protect its quality and bioactive compounds and improve the properties of the crucial oil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20oils" title="essential oils">essential oils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carum%20copticum" title=" Carum copticum"> Carum copticum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20activities" title=" biological activities"> biological activities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanotechnology" title=" nanotechnology"> nanotechnology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167505/preparation-of-essential-oil-capsule-carum-copticum-in-chitosan-nanoparticles-and-investigation-of-its-biological-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167505.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4449</span> Salmonella Spp. and Essential Oil of Laurus nobilis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karima%20Oldyerou">Karima Oldyerou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Meddah"> B. Meddah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Tirtouil"> A. Tirtouil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The food borne infections have a significant impact on public health. Salmonella is the first bacterial cause, especially because of its general availability in the intestinal tract of poultry, pigs and cattle. This bacteria and essential oil of Laurus nobilis subject in this article. In vitro evaluation of the antibacterial activity shows a sensitivity of Salmonella spp. with a MIC of 2.5 mg.ml -1 in vivo after infection of wistar rats and administered orally this essential oil, microbiological results fecal material shows the antibacterial effect of this oil on Salmonella spp. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laurus%20nobilis" title="Laurus nobilis">Laurus nobilis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20oil" title=" essential oil"> essential oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salmonella" title=" salmonella"> salmonella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibacterial%20activity" title=" antibacterial activity"> antibacterial activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fecal%20matte" title=" fecal matte"> fecal matte</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41995/salmonella-spp-and-essential-oil-of-laurus-nobilis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41995.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">370</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4448</span> Analyzing Antimicrobial Power of Cotula cinerea Essential Oil: Case of Western Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Abdenbi">A. Abdenbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Dennai"> B. Dennai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Touati"> B. Touati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Bouaaza"> M. Bouaaza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Saad"> A. Saad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The essential oils of many plants have become popular in recent years and their bioactive principles have recently won several industry sectors, however their use as antibacterial and anti fungal agents has been reported. This study focuses on the physico chemical and phyto chemical with a study of the antimicrobial activity of essential oils of aromatic and medicinal plant of southwest Algeria, this essential oil was obtained by hydro-distillation of aerial parts of Cotula cinerea, belonging to the Asteraceae family, it is very extensive in the spring season in a region called Kenadza road, located 12km from Bechar. Variable anti fungal activity of the essential oil of Cotula cinerea (yield 2%) were revealed about four fungal strains, the minimum inhibitory concentrations of essential oils were determined by the method of dilution in agar. Significant fungal sensitivity of Penicillium sp with an inhibition of 32.3 mm area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cotula%20cinerea" title="Cotula cinerea">Cotula cinerea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20oil" title=" essential oil"> essential oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physico-%20chemical%20analysis%20and%20phyto-%20chemical" title=" physico- chemical analysis and phyto- chemical"> physico- chemical analysis and phyto- chemical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti%20fungal%20power" title=" anti fungal power"> anti fungal power</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19795/analyzing-antimicrobial-power-of-cotula-cinerea-essential-oil-case-of-western-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19795.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4447</span> Effect of Hemicellulase on Extraction of Essential Oil from Algerian Artemisia campestris </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalida%20Boutemak">Khalida Boutemak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasssima%20Benali"> Nasssima Benali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadji%20Moulai-Mostefa"> Nadji Moulai-Mostefa </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Effect of enzyme on the yield and chemical composition of Artemisia campestris essential oil is reported in the present study. It was demonstrated that enzyme facilitated the extraction of essential oil with increase in oil yield and did not affect any noticeable change in flavour profile of the volatile oil. Essential oil was tested for antibacterial activity using Escherichia coli; which was extremely sensitive against control with the largest inhibition (29mm), whereas Staphylococcus aureus was the most sensitive against essential oil obtained from enzymatic pre-treatment with the largest inhibition zone (25mm). The antioxidant activity of the essential oil with hemicellulase pre-treatment (EO2) and control sample (EO1) was determined through reducing power. It was significantly lower than the standard drug (vitamin C) in this order: vitamin C˃EO2˃EO1. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Artemisia%20campestris" title="Artemisia campestris">Artemisia campestris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzyme%20pre-treatment" title=" enzyme pre-treatment"> enzyme pre-treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hemicellulase" title=" hemicellulase"> hemicellulase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibacterial%20activity" title=" antibacterial activity"> antibacterial activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20activity" title=" antioxidant activity"> antioxidant activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41551/effect-of-hemicellulase-on-extraction-of-essential-oil-from-algerian-artemisia-campestris" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41551.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">331</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4446</span> Repellent Activity of Nanoemulsion Essential Oil of Eucalyptus Globulus Labill on Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lena%20Emamjomeh">Lena Emamjomeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sohrab%20Imani"> Sohrab Imani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, the use of encapsulation technology of pesticides causes an increase in the efficiency and controlled release of these substances. Controlled release by nanoencapsulated formulations allows the essential oil to be used more effectively over a given time interval, suitability to the mode of application and minimization of environmental damage. The essential oil from Eucalyptus globulus exhibited an average yield of 1.19% and presented 1,8-cineol (59.08%) as the major component. Nanoemulsion essential oil was carried out by the method of gum - maltodextrin using homogenization and morphology and size were determined by TEM. Several concentrations were prepared, and then third instar larvae of E.kuehniella were introduced into each treatment. Then, repellent activity was determined after 1, 3 and 24 h from commencement. This study reveals that at a concentration of 1.5 ppm, the nanoemulsion of E. globulus essential oil on the flour disc was shown here to possess more repellent activity (85%) than E.kuehniella compared to natural essential oil (5%) before formulation after 24h. The repellent activity varied with application method concentrations and exposure time. The results showed higher repellent rates in nanoemulsion than in essential oil due to controlled-release formulations allowing smaller quantities of essential oil to be used more effectively over a given time interval. Findings led to the conclusion that encapsulated technology of essential oils can enhance their control release and persistence under controlled conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoemulsion" title="nanoemulsion">nanoemulsion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eucalyptus%20globulus" title=" eucalyptus globulus"> eucalyptus globulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ephestia%20kuehniella" title=" ephestia kuehniella"> ephestia kuehniella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TEM" title=" TEM"> TEM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186062/repellent-activity-of-nanoemulsion-essential-oil-of-eucalyptus-globulus-labill-on-ephestia-kuehniella-lepidoptera-pyralidae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186062.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">56</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4445</span> Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Artemisia herba-alba Asso Essential Oil Growing in M’sila (Algeria)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asma%20Meliani">Asma Meliani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Lakehal"> S. Lakehal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Z.%20Benrebiha"> F. Z. Benrebiha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Chaouia"> C. Chaouia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is an increasing interest in phytochemicals as new source of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents. Plants essential oils have come more into the focus of phytomedicine. Many researchers have reported various biological and/or pharmacological properties of Artemisia herba alba Asso essential oil. The present study describes antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of Artemisia herba alba Asso essential oil. Artemisia herba alba Asso essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation (using Clevenger type apparatus) growing in Algeria (M’sila) was analyzed by GC-MS. The essential oil yield of the study was 0.7%. The major components were found to be camphor, chrysanthenone et 1,8-cineole. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was tested against four bacteria (Gram-negative and Gram-positive) and three fungi using the diffusion method and by determining the inhibition zone. The oil was found to have significant antibacterial activity. In addition, antioxidant activity was determined by 1, 1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, ferric reducing (FRAP) assay and β-carotene bleaching test, and high activity was found for Artemisia herba-alba oil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Artemisia%20herba-alba" title="Artemisia herba-alba">Artemisia herba-alba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20oil" title=" essential oil"> essential oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibacterial%20activity" title=" antibacterial activity"> antibacterial activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20activity" title=" antioxidant activity"> antioxidant activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15986/antibacterial-and-antioxidant-activities-of-artemisia-herba-alba-asso-essential-oil-growing-in-msila-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15986.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">339</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4444</span> Antibacterial and Antioxidant Properties of Artemisia herba-alba Asso Essential Oil Growing in M’sila, Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asma%20Meliani">Asma Meliani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Lakehal"> S. Lakehal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Z.%20Benrebiha"> F. Z. Benrebiha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Chaouia"> C. Chaouia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is an increasing interest in phytochemicals as new source of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents. Plants essential oils have come more into the focus of phytomedicine. Many researchers have reported various biological and/or pharmacological properties of Artemisia herba alba Asso essential oil. The present study describes antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of Artemisia herba alba Asso essential oil. Artemisia herba alba Asso essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation (using Clevenger type apparatus) growing in Algeria (M’sila) was analyzed by GC-MS. The essential oil yield of the study was 0.7 %. The major components were found to be camphor, chrysanthenone et 1,8-cineole. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was tested against four bacteria (Gram-negative and Gram-positive) and one fungi using the diffusion method and by determining the inhibition zone. The oil was found to have significant antibacterial activity. In addition, antioxidant activity was determined by 1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, ferric reducing (FRAP) assay and β-carotene bleaching test, and high activity was found for Artemisia herba-alba oil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Artemisia%20herba-alba" title="Artemisia herba-alba">Artemisia herba-alba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20oil" title=" essential oil"> essential oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibacterial%20activity" title=" antibacterial activity"> antibacterial activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20activity" title=" antioxidant activity"> antioxidant activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18124/antibacterial-and-antioxidant-properties-of-artemisia-herba-alba-asso-essential-oil-growing-in-msila-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18124.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">476</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4443</span> Insecticidial Effects of Essential Oil of Carum copticum on Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giti%20Sabri">Giti Sabri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sohrab%20Imani"> Sohrab Imani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Ahadiyat"> Ali Ahadiyat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aref%20Maroof"> Aref Maroof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yahya%20Ostadi"> Yahya Ostadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, there has been a growing interest in research concerning the possible use of plant extracts as alternatives to synthetic insecticides. In this research, the insecticidal effects of Carum copticum essential oils against rice weevil adults were investigated in laboratory condition. Essential oils was extracted through distillation with water using Clevenger apparatus. Tests of randomized complete block included six concentrations and three replications for essential oils (fumigant toxicity) along with control treatment in condition of 27±1ºC degrees Celsius temperature, relative humidity of 65 ± 5 percent and darkness. LC50 values were calculated by SPSS.21.0 software which presented the value of LC50 of Carum copticum essential oils after 48 hurs, 187.35± 0.40 µl/l air on rice weevil adults. Results showed that increasing the concentration of essential oils increased the mortality rate cases. The results also showed that essential oils of Carum copticum are effective biological sources which can effectively protect stored grain from infestation by the rice weevil; although for application of these combinations further research may be needed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insecticidial%20effects" title="insecticidial effects">insecticidial effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20oil" title=" essential oil"> essential oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carum%20copticum" title=" Carum copticum"> Carum copticum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sitophilus%20oryzae" title=" Sitophilus oryzae"> Sitophilus oryzae</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15655/insecticidial-effects-of-essential-oil-of-carum-copticum-on-sitophilus-oryzae-l-coleoptera-curculionidae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15655.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">418</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4442</span> Encapsulation of Satureja khuzestanica Essential Oil in Chitosan Nanoparticles with Enhanced Antifungal Activity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Amiri">Amir Amiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naghmeh%20Morakabati"> Naghmeh Morakabati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During the recent years the six-fold growth of cancer in Iran has led the production of healthy products to become a challenge in the food industry. Due to the young population in the country, the consumption of fast foods is growing. The chemical cancer-causing preservatives are used to produce these products more than the standard; so using an appropriate alternative seems to be important. On the one hand, the plant essential oils show the high antimicrobial potential against pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms and on the other hand they are highly volatile and decomposed under the processing conditions. The study aims to produce the loaded chitosan nanoparticles with different concentrations of savory essential oil to improve the anti-microbial property and increase the resistance of essential oil to oxygen and heat. The encapsulation efficiency was obtained in the range of 32.07% to 39.93% and the particle size distribution of the samples was observed in the range of 159 to 210 nm. The range of Zeta potential was obtained between -11.9 to -23.1 mV. The essential oil loaded in chitosan showed stronger antifungal activity against <em>Rhizopus stolonifer</em>. The results showed that the antioxidant property is directly related to the concentration of loaded essential oil so that the antioxidant property increases by increasing the concentration of essential oil. In general, it seems that the savory essential oil loaded in chitosan particles can be used as a food processor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chitosan" title="chitosan">chitosan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=encapsulation" title=" encapsulation"> encapsulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20oil" title=" essential oil"> essential oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanogel" title=" nanogel"> nanogel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53794/encapsulation-of-satureja-khuzestanica-essential-oil-in-chitosan-nanoparticles-with-enhanced-antifungal-activity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53794.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">277</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4441</span> Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oils and Ethanolic Extracts of Four Medicinal Plants Alone and in Combination</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatiha%20Bedjou">Fatiha Bedjou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meriem%20Meddas"> Meriem Meddas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tadjajikt%20Chekkal"> Tadjajikt Chekkal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present work aims to evaluate the antioxidant activity of ethanolic extracts and essential oils of aromatic plants of the Lamiaceae family: Thymus algeriensis and Salvia rosmarinus, and Anacardiaceae: Pistacia lentiscus, Myrtaceae: Eucalyptus polybracetea. The polyphenols were measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu method; the results showed that the essential oils studied as well as the ethanolic extracts are relatively rich in polyphenols. Their antioxidant properties were tested by the synthetic DPPH radical trapping method. The IC50 values were determined according to the graph representing the percentage of inhibition of the DPPH radical by essential oils and by ethanolic extracts, according to our results there is a correlation between the level of polyphenols present in the different essential oils and different ethanolic extracts and their ability to neutralize free radicals. Several combinations were carried out between the essential oils and also between the ethanolic extracts in order to determine the type of interactions existing between the combined substances, the results were represented in the form of isobolograms. Additive and super-additive effects were observed in combinations of essential oils, and super-additive and sub-additive effects were observed for combinations of ethanolic extracts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20oils" title="essential oils">essential oils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethanolic%20extracts" title=" ethanolic extracts"> ethanolic extracts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DPPH" title=" DPPH"> DPPH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combination" title=" combination"> combination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173670/antioxidant-activity-of-essential-oils-and-ethanolic-extracts-of-four-medicinal-plants-alone-and-in-combination" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173670.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">65</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4440</span> Extraction and Uses of Essential Oil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ram%20Prasad%20Baral">Ram Prasad Baral</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A large number of herb materials contain Essential Oils with extensive bioactivities. Acknowledging the importance of plants and its medicinal value, extraction of Essential Oil had been done using Steam Distillation method. In this project, Steam Distillation was used to extract oil from different plant materials like Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert, Artemisia Vulgaris L, Rhododendron anthopogon D. Don, Cymbopogon nardus L, Andropogon nardus, Cinnamomum tamala, Juniperus spp, Cymbopohonflexuosus flexuous, Mantha Arvensia, Nardostachys Jatamansi, Wintergreen Essential Oil, and Valeriana Officinalis. Research has confirmed centuries of practical use of essential oils, and we now know that the 'fragrant pharmacy' contains compounds with an extremely broad range of biochemical effects. Essential oils are so termed as they are believed to represent the very essence of odor and flavor. The recovery of Essential Oil from the raw botanical starting material is very important since the quality of the oil is greatly influenced during this step. There is a variety of methods for obtaining volatile oils from plants. Steam distillation method was found to be one of the promising techniques for the extraction of essential oil from plants as reputable distiller will preserve the original qualities of the plant. The distillation was conducted in Clevenger apparatus in which boiling, condensing, and decantation was done. Analysis of essential oil was done using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer apparatus, which gives evaluates essential oil qualitatively and quantitatively. The volume of essential oil obtained was changing with respect to temperature and time of heating. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chamomilla%20recutita%20%28L.%29%20Rauschert" title="Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert">Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Artemisia%20Vulgaris%20L" title=" Artemisia Vulgaris L"> Artemisia Vulgaris L</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rhododendron%20anthopogon%20D.%20Don" title=" Rhododendron anthopogon D. Don"> Rhododendron anthopogon D. Don</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cymbopogon%20nardus%20L" title=" Cymbopogon nardus L"> Cymbopogon nardus L</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andropogon%20nardus" title=" Andropogon nardus"> Andropogon nardus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cinnamomum%20tamala" title=" Cinnamomum tamala"> Cinnamomum tamala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juniperus%20spp" title=" Juniperus spp"> Juniperus spp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cymbopohonflexuosus%20flexuous" title=" Cymbopohonflexuosus flexuous"> Cymbopohonflexuosus flexuous</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mantha" title=" Mantha"> Mantha</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26780/extraction-and-uses-of-essential-oil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26780.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4439</span> Eucalyptus camendulensis and Its Drying Effect on Water and Essential Oil Content</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehani%20Mouna">Mehani Mouna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Segni%20Ladjel"> Segni Ladjel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Medicinal and aromatic plants are promising and are characterized by the biosynthesis of odorous molecules that make up the so-called essential oils (EO), which have long been known for their antiseptic and therapeutic activity in folk medicine. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of drying in the shade on the water content and on the content of essential oils extracted from leaves of Eucalyptus camendulensis for better quality control of medicinal and aromatic plants. The water content of the Eucalyptus camendulensis plant material decreases during the drying process. It increased from 100 % to 0.006 % for the drying in the shade after ten days. The moisture content is practically constant at the end of the drying period. The drying in the shade increases the concentration of essential oils of Eucalyptus camendulensis. When the leaves of Eucalyptus camendulensis plant are in the shade, the maximum of the essential oil content was obtained on the eighth days; the recorded value was 1.43% ± 0.01%. Beyond these periods, the content continuously drops in before stabilizing. The optimum drying time is between 6 and 9 days. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eucalyptus%20camendulensis" title="Eucalyptus camendulensis">Eucalyptus camendulensis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drying" title=" drying"> drying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20oils" title=" essential oils"> essential oils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water" title=" water"> water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=content" title=" content"> content</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36039/eucalyptus-camendulensis-and-its-drying-effect-on-water-and-essential-oil-content" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36039.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">363</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4438</span> Evaluation of Hypolipidemic Effect of Leaf Essential Oil of Citrus sinensis in Alloxan- Induced Diabetic Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omolola%20Soji-Omoniwa">Omolola Soji-Omoniwa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babasoji%20Omoniwa"> Babasoji Omoniwa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The hypolipidemic effect of leaf essential oil of Citrus sinensis in alloxan–induced diabetic rats was evaluated. Forty albino rats (150–200 g) were randomly selected into 4 groups of 10 rats each, representing Normal Control, Diabetic Control, Diabetic treated with 14.2 mg/kg body weight Metformin and Diabetic treated with 110 mg/kg body weight leaf essential oil of Citrus sinensis. Diabetes was induced in the animals by intraperitoneal administration of single dose alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg body weight). The leaf essential oil of Citrus sinensis was administered every other day to the Diabetic rats for a period of 15 days. The effects of leaf essential oil on High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), Trigylcerides and Cholesterol were evaluated. A significant reduction (p <0.05) in LDL, Triglycerides and cholesterol levels and a significant increase (p<0 .05) in HDL was observed. Leaf essential oil of Citrus sinensis possesses hypolipidemic properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Citrus%20sinensis" title="Citrus sinensis">Citrus sinensis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diabetes%20mellitus" title=" Diabetes mellitus"> Diabetes mellitus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypolipidemic" title=" hypolipidemic"> hypolipidemic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leaf%20essential%20oil" title=" leaf essential oil"> leaf essential oil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19026/evaluation-of-hypolipidemic-effect-of-leaf-essential-oil-of-citrus-sinensis-in-alloxan-induced-diabetic-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19026.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">456</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4437</span> Formulation and Technology of the Composition of Essential Oils as a Feed Additive in Poultry with Antibacterial Action</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Barbaqadze">S. Barbaqadze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Goderdzishvili"> M. Goderdzishvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Mosidze"> E. Mosidze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Lomtadze"> L. Lomtadze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Mshvildadze"> V. Mshvildadze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Bakuridze"> L. Bakuridze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Berashvili"> D. Berashvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Bakuridze"> A. Bakuridze</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper focuses on the formulation of phytobiotic designated for further implantation in poultry farming. Composition was meant to be water-soluble powder containing antibacterial essential oils. The development process involved Thyme, Monarda and Clary sage essential oils. The antimicrobial activity of essential oils composite was meant to be tested against gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial strains. The results are processed using the statistical program Sigma STAT. To make essential oils composition water soluble surfactants were added to them. At the first stage of the study, nine options for the optimal composition of essential oils and surfactants were developed. The effect of the amount of surfactants on the essential oils composition solubility in water has been investigated. On the basis of biopharmaceutical studies, the formulation of phytobiotic has been determined: Thyme, monarda and clary sage essential oils 2:1:1 - 100 parts; Licorice extract 5.25 parts and inhalation lactose 300 parts. A technology for the preparation of phytobiotic has been developed and a technological scheme for the preparation of phytobiotic has been made up. The research was performed within the framework of the grant project CARYS-19-363 funded be the Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clary" title="clary">clary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20oils" title=" essential oils"> essential oils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monarda" title=" monarda"> monarda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytobiotics" title=" phytobiotics"> phytobiotics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poultry" title=" poultry"> poultry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thyme" title=" thyme"> thyme</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133039/formulation-and-technology-of-the-composition-of-essential-oils-as-a-feed-additive-in-poultry-with-antibacterial-action" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133039.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cuminum%20cyminum%20L.%20essential%20oil&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cuminum%20cyminum%20L.%20essential%20oil&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cuminum%20cyminum%20L.%20essential%20oil&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cuminum%20cyminum%20L.%20essential%20oil&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cuminum%20cyminum%20L.%20essential%20oil&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cuminum%20cyminum%20L.%20essential%20oil&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cuminum%20cyminum%20L.%20essential%20oil&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cuminum%20cyminum%20L.%20essential%20oil&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cuminum%20cyminum%20L.%20essential%20oil&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cuminum%20cyminum%20L.%20essential%20oil&page=148">148</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cuminum%20cyminum%20L.%20essential%20oil&page=149">149</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cuminum%20cyminum%20L.%20essential%20oil&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2025 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>