CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91350a2b2830a042',cH: 'tU38unL2lW2gxwpD2n.jDLLurJyc0KEvlS3HqMcKjRU-1739787572-1.2.1.1-sidXjFnZWiczFohBdM24kazbgJ71kqAKyPBtfU8Y_BKtEgJd3tcrWqXFcwERnHnu',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=polystyrene&__cf_chl_tk=HX.GAQk1RL7G848eskfX4spqLE38ii.OC8H2zLCige0-1739787572-1.0.1.1-oHdluWXefpyQ9aZrEwOsOvc.vW_tykEe4JRlyYjcXlQ",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739787572',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=polystyrene&__cf_chl_f_tk=HX.GAQk1RL7G848eskfX4spqLE38ii.OC8H2zLCige0-1739787572-1.0.1.1-oHdluWXefpyQ9aZrEwOsOvc.vW_tykEe4JRlyYjcXlQ",md: "ODUY9dCH1ADBwGq.K0.Llt_8h8eaQhGAG2879kBPvGU-1739787572-1.2.1.1-MrZ1j7tGjfaReZ8WlU4x5M8D_Jh2Zq4kbMayyIEfeAWdpt.NN.lU.0A0L1KS2B8Sdd3HTVigKKOaOIbEjj1V8vJkYiByoRQ5ERBwOvVSFe0akpQU5.1n_b_XHZtAjU09w4CXzLGlTltZ.pOawFw9kSDjawzz3Xa911tv95ii5X6YuTu_Fs1CheWH3u_Vkj8hNtVfPGzHTNTSR30KmzK0eR96rm4dxfjcdSxprjdfc.PNyA812VM43quo4IRfHPfZ1guuCDh6UvCKxp1FNy4b8CbXqMcdZ2tPEIK3t3IRqWB63tTjglhFdQilacYXUh2ReNnxWWJ442rido7JaPVwQ9_LurSefCd8NyzlCM6SV1O9FMqok.oxs1X9qZjywm_j6MkCyHqTQdGO7wjcDr8PAoOPISwhTIW5e6vDQqtWsvGbqmZTKoju6hBpOlVKDrZx3IgZVs3FdgR_RcFolAldEmn7Zi.KUs44Rlq2atq8BVfM9lOpIPBKd6aP4Hev1TP3QWt_.LiMbdWEU_t8sUqadpSNP.LiM28BQAXn71ruKcJJwdte0SxJLfO.rAo7uvblHk9F7PrQ.Ti33im2rbq5Z4BDPMKaBsQHlzgiCTwUb5KtBLiDyLyPAHvczV6B6NXPF7xXzNa3pVCspJhpbhBq51aJmvucvcWXRlimV47z2n0U1gvz42FUufGvZtbAcwz5HRFaF.4vFKrSNBDNwoqZH_9Puu_3rRUa7P3OSpwLnr4c94ueW1UAEdlzmylYsd0hWXfunQa0CcM.qdXRNvmiMDhkeBCD1Tcw6Lsey0oFdMtcwqC_BeAAlVXz9vIqY90KtIgv7ou8xItGl795jpnMcyP85HizNalSdFS9zBWEvatlOtrUAZ406QZsIR5CAQf8eh1GNKGYuVlCHI5QflPLI_thwUpY0aEa0J_0iTcjiT1A4Ugmc0BpQWBOfT.AIz9p6PDiQFRNOwXCvITeQW0W_2glGMfyYtgfI5JpU4z8REfNCBgF5aNWTZDUt2j8i9BAGIATrcPr_D5zoDgf_LKodJiI2L9TFArPMjg.wXbrnfjNG_yY9A5dDokkvaV_6PaDEM.MEwLvBqndwELmJYe8yCUD0jL4Lf185SHOlT01vMZMEWnb7MMbeFsf5A7f9P5I8ua8Lx8YxQTDYS74h0mQ2OhhenuLRkUiueMvYVT650myYTJ9wv186p4yMp6taFetPDYqR3bVnCJUKiw9AudD22UlhRYmSgwB5iNCERltHX145scca7lBWIJsjQAVsyM2rRvw6XowH.pTMzo_rE77XffN6UggGFPIKfeDMQyMk51fh8VEznYpjiuIFRdkZNLdmfV7RruhE5pkvxTrkcIBXCcrRlljUmh0zAsZF5g2erymTwu3c9aJINP65X4IGiUVQahKv5joiZ4ZEwZsbzPimMDL.dASrf3UeyJv7mo1buBe2PKD9UgE2Sk8DtIex7TF_MYFhJBsKCyaxGqUROcDZP6vWlkbX6.rNAZWZdYg8jRDrJ_rTKmbU_11naAIcCQlcGegA3E9o5NKc0rJwD00pCBj._09OqKe8M3g2.8TdA35J4oiG0bc4KFPGCFs49cnucIHM6WR8Z7T7eZKT0MvHU00vpqTKZFHh0UpAFxNU6Wv_X8zzt9obh5w0P88cBFg2eXu.R7l8WVKGjc1J5kFLx2.tP7QurE.VKgz6UIiTMnecRHJkJJvRosFBim2yNdAodWc6bNukoJ7Go_syWnJRiZHWZaB8pqwS.2eGTaXwqpfw8BXoZIJ5zSTnoQHMPVi_csTlN1Vt6yFjGI.pB9jGsztAgiWOnW0EtyM3xYsZTDFmTNwScYvX_SrnG1rGls6muDMnvpUOR7Gi0ywwQ1DpDw0mPNcVWfbt_J4CZhZQ73DLA0_pPNAHQee6qgOwzg.QZGEhOzYxpBPQR0O_PCxiw",mdrd: "qf6e0rE1ZOF4w2FQi7tdXydtFI_7fYo6QoM4tntmPAE-1739787572-1.2.1.1-AvFMjSPHc3zqwj7srR8jmB69N399SQu_IUEW9zw6c3ljEPJDUaFBDxN7vBC0uMs5dqM8Eh4Rt0lCoMHXCOyA1E1667qYjwnQ2Bn2favMc9lNVftCvFoqKPQC14dUnaUXIpa2BDecQJ5q6uuGubm81q9H9T6RpWqdymYRdU7G8hjhLImNtlxeK.qugWoa8dB5SNUArAIySb_1PLS7VakCO9rM7NAaUbTokk4VUhHRt8XLH_uEhC13I4MDoZCm3.gHnnzU8UPzgmg3AV97QXkU4R.CvH51BgIjxdPemcKbelwxD0z.VOldF4xwC7iSLItuVsir8nj6qMkjabU3r5g5c0saTTcxsYfKbTobCszWwe88yIoA4FsHfm5zgQLSGq5QW3nZ7ugG9VUw4bQ9Io4BKvw1ZgxkA1fjJTNXds9XwiorlP.UmB8pl1rSPbVuPJf77lvuCqS0oakYVrxN65e1JBbKv5vCxwYZmWxrV6huSKADeCPZH3Xccb9Y7fbsAA4_qKVAbBvUkox9V8quX6ANgQkh0xBtRKDhL0ebJDWIKixTW3w15xuoVmG8YntoGVmneKm.rNSR3oBnZb.PdmHmWGK6txFIap1LHPTwnGrFGDo505Nie5mjxaxoXfqRiAIXq7BWQVEnRfUAJiAO3KhUWMGlkBUV07jJ.9X.RQmtzdjueUcqtrzgnEbDKIzEx0QnNSc93ZvjhDo7P7s1beEyMaDcYZqRT_DP1RepBPs8IsXUQotRqpDS3WDp.tgp8lLVcFOOPwh7nTXusMOzYsCiIGyWaQtMvNmK7PcI0MmwM8aBNEvi_xdJAh.fdVj3405yPBMApsLOLcIRPKem9.BEBzrMK_n6pXL2Hb1oN2Ygu1iqsZ.EPldOLZwJrSGhlmobcqV2z_TcdScZlLzRwzGou5U6Fbe1Xw9nTgLMBJYkI.Sm1IIYQRMP32_6s9tEBSvwJ4CvqNcXBNE0EhqrBcOxgxxxu3vChErh8ZsyEj_kU.w7bxps36ps1md6quoqwmGyNvqSQeWwLTM72rWZ8NlIv2Fcd93gfVVNNspqy.rCTjxlOIPobg.k4tXJYbY4kiqA1ftYsBs58vTjZfJ94H4QdDSopDt_g28lgcZzQsAcKsSft2mCBFAH3V8IXH3CMQwi1rUNEBFhGGsqXIXuLDAR3rv5On4FuMweaS.KbLBle674y.Z2ewtE03KNbk9m9btuWftcUxbM71ONnl.cm_L62tQG0_ZDQQfjxZRwD80DZy9tdZRRA5CggMLJ_2D0_DsMJ.C8fC1Mo659qkAPSfs_fsD2s3PIevVjJbLssOuBbqzxkSzL_0MqINKUqIAsIDiEBXaZWDs1pOoLbhazM7Xg.HBaJhgsefmxGHlrKLxBr0lBuzySkHaaII2lt0QZ18Q9j5jCoCjpCi2Ck68ZwIDZUpudT9HiB7bc.n7mViGBBIKOIq6S5lY53rosECPf_bE6bbhhjPJdhhXbLVx1KNmlef_EtfZFWkVK1BVsnx2z96BFZbarzbGTYKXbq1uBlop4KLfmn3CKNgLWtVMmUW9fPVeh96kLMumA1RcS5Bxz2aK0z_7QVNHF8MmUsbI819OSL7Yo2SMwVbLtmvQP_mLv3VK0meFTcRJCC32KfVQv8s1h9w99SrHcq.lyoku.xge92zvVFhcOHhGKfjmTdULhfUQRM81iCk98oDbEzGgX9CbUTTV5tLGWuh0DpspzSdCGH3PAVvAdU7EPL8Ndrq7x_k.4qBH74VE88UEvtWlnBKc1t0pzrRvOguSO46lJ4FUKV26N8Yvw5TP.crtpNXTLW3C8cqKvE1LNZFtLgtSV6zlzpzjXiwTB7lP320AQZNa_bLyAXL0JwKXVayekQv4LP2CixTcD6FUdv7k.5x250GGNW_KLkaVq6E0JfyqUza7NveBepVyU2TsgjoPuJfWRK6QhZGwCUihYgldtF4k4D8zoF6C.LIi1Gb7scrOex3Ld"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91350a2b2830a042';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=polystyrene&__cf_chl_rt_tk=HX.GAQk1RL7G848eskfX4spqLE38ii.OC8H2zLCige0-1739787572-1.0.1.1-oHdluWXefpyQ9aZrEwOsOvc.vW_tykEe4JRlyYjcXlQ" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>