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Salim</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Siti Salwah Salim"> <meta name="keywords" content="Siti Salwah Salim"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Siti Salwah Salim"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 117</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Siti Salwah Salim</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">117</span> Age-Based Interface Design for Children鈥檚 CAPT Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Saratu%20Yusuf%20Ilu">Saratu Yusuf Ilu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mumtaz%20B.%20Mustafa"> Mumtaz B. Mustafa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Salwah%20Salim"> Siti Salwah Salim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mehdi%20Malekzadeh"> Mehdi Malekzadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Children today use computer based application in various activities especially for learning and education. Many of these tools and application such as the Computer Aided Pronunciation Training (CAPT) systems enable children to explore and experience them with little supervision from the adults. In order for these tools and application to have maximum effect on the children’s learning and education, it must be attractive to the children to use them. This could be achieved with the proper user interface (UI) design. As children grow, so do their ability, taste and preferences. They interact differently with these applications as they grow older. This study reviews several articles on how age factors influence the UI design. The review focuses on age related abilities such as cognitive, literacy, concentration and feedback requirement. We have also evaluated few of existing CAPT systems and determine the influence of age-based factors on the interface design.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Children" title="Children">Children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=age-based%20interaction" title=" age-based interaction"> age-based interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=learning%20application" title=" learning application"> learning application</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=age-based%20UI." title=" age-based UI."> age-based UI.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999042/age-based-interface-design-for-childrens-capt-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999042/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999042/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999042/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999042/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999042/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999042/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999042/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999042/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999042/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999042/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999042.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1992</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">116</span> A Two-Stage Adaptation towards Automatic Speech Recognition System for Malay-Speaking Children</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mumtaz%20Begum%20Mustafa">Mumtaz Begum Mustafa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Salwah%20Salim"> Siti Salwah Salim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Feizal%20Dani%20Rahman"> Feizal Dani Rahman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Recently, Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems were used to assist children in language acquisition as it has the ability to detect human speech signal. Despite the benefits offered by the ASR system, there is a lack of ASR systems for Malay-speaking children. One of the contributing factors for this is the lack of continuous speech database for the target users. Though cross-lingual adaptation is a common solution for developing ASR systems for under-resourced language, it is not viable for children as there are very limited speech databases as a source model. In this research, we propose a two-stage adaptation for the development of ASR system for Malay-speaking children using a very limited database. The two stage adaptation comprises the cross-lingual adaptation (first stage) and cross-age adaptation. For the first stage, a well-known speech database that is phonetically rich and balanced, is adapted to the medium-sized Malay adults using supervised MLLR. The second stage adaptation uses the speech acoustic model generated from the first adaptation, and the target database is a small-sized database of the target users. We have measured the performance of the proposed technique using word error rate, and then compare them with the conventional benchmark adaptation. The two stage adaptation proposed in this research has better recognition accuracy as compared to the benchmark adaptation in recognizing children’s speech.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Automatic%20speech%20recognition%20system" title="Automatic speech recognition system">Automatic speech recognition system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=children%20speech" title=" children speech"> children speech</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=adaptation" title=" adaptation"> adaptation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Malay." title=" Malay."> Malay.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003980/a-two-stage-adaptation-towards-automatic-speech-recognition-system-for-malay-speaking-children" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003980/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003980/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003980/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003980/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003980/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003980/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003980/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003980/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003980/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003980/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003980.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1752</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">115</span> Adomian Decomposition Method Associated with Boole-s Integration Rule for Goursat Problem</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohd%20Agos%20Salim%20Nasir">Mohd Agos Salim Nasir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ros%20Fadilah%20Deraman"> Ros Fadilah Deraman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Salmah%20Yasiran"> Siti Salmah Yasiran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Goursat partial differential equation arises in linear and non linear partial differential equations with mixed derivatives. This equation is a second order hyperbolic partial differential equation which occurs in various fields of study such as in engineering, physics, and applied mathematics. There are many approaches that have been suggested to approximate the solution of the Goursat partial differential equation. However, all of the suggested methods traditionally focused on numerical differentiation approaches including forward and central differences in deriving the scheme. An innovation has been done in deriving the Goursat partial differential equation scheme which involves numerical integration techniques. In this paper we have developed a new scheme to solve the Goursat partial differential equation based on the Adomian decomposition (ADM) and associated with Boole-s integration rule to approximate the integration terms. The new scheme can easily be applied to many linear and non linear Goursat partial differential equations and is capable to reduce the size of computational work. The accuracy of the results reveals the advantage of this new scheme over existing numerical method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Goursat%20problem" title="Goursat problem">Goursat problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=partial%20differential%20equation" title=" partial differential equation"> partial differential equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Adomian%20decomposition%20method" title=" Adomian decomposition method"> Adomian decomposition method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Boole%27s%20integration%20rule." title=" Boole's integration rule."> Boole's integration rule.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9774/adomian-decomposition-method-associated-with-boole-s-integration-rule-for-goursat-problem" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9774/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9774/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9774/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9774/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9774/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9774/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9774/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9774/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9774/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9774/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9774.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1856</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">114</span> Knowledge and Attitude among Women and Men in Decision Making on Pap Smear Screening in Kelantan, Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Waringin%20Oon">Siti Waringin Oon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rashidah%20Shuib"> Rashidah Shuib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Hawa%20Ali"> Siti Hawa Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nik%20Hazlina%20Nik%20Hussain"> Nik Hazlina Nik Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Juwita%20Shaaban"> Juwita Shaaban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Harmy%20Mohd%20Yusoff"> Harmy Mohd Yusoff</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper explores the knowledge and attitude of women and men in decision making on pap smear screening. This qualitative study recruited 52 respondents with 44 women and 8 men, using the purposive sampling with snowballing technique through indepth interviews. This study demonstrates several key findings: Female respondents have better knowledge compared to male. Most of the women perceived that pap smear screening is beneficial and important, but to proceed with the test is still doubtful. Male respondents were supportive in terms of sending their spouses to the health facilities or give more freedom to their wives to choose and making decision on their own health due to prominent reason that women know best on their own health. It is expected that the results from this study will provide useful guideline for healthcare providers to prepare any action/intervention to provide an extensive education to improve people-s knowledge and attitude towards pap smear. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Attitude" title="Attitude">Attitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=decision%20making" title=" decision making"> decision making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=knowledge" title=" knowledge"> knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pap%20smearscreening.." title=" pap smearscreening.."> pap smearscreening..</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1607/knowledge-and-attitude-among-women-and-men-in-decision-making-on-pap-smear-screening-in-kelantan-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1607/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1607/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1607/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1607/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1607/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1607/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1607/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1607/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1607/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1607/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1607.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2575</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">113</span> Study on the Characteristics and Utilization of Sewage Sludge at Indah Water Konsortium (IWK) Sungai Udang, Melaka</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Noorain%20Roslan">Siti Noorain Roslan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Salmi%20Ghazali"> Siti Salmi Ghazali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Norfadhlina%20Muhamed%20Asli"> Norfadhlina Muhamed Asli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The volume of biosolids produced in Malaysia nowadays had increased proportionally to its population size. The end products from the waste treatments were mounting, thus inevitable that in the end the environment will be surrounded by the waste. This study was conducted to investigate the suitability of biosolids to be reused as fertilizer for non-food crop. By varying the concentration of biosolids applied onto the soil, growth of five ornamental plant samples were tested for eight consecutive weeks. The results show that the pH of the soil after the addition of biosolids ranges from 6.45 to 6.56 which is suitable for the plant growth. The soil samples that contains biosolid also show higher amount of macronutrients (N, P, K) and the heavy metals content are significantly increased in the plant however it does not exceed the guidelines drawn by the Environmental Protection Agency. It is also proven that there was only small significant different in the performance of plant growth between biosolids and commercial fertilizer. It can be seen that biosolids was able to perform just as well as commercial fertilizer.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Biosolids" title="Biosolids">Biosolids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fertilizer" title=" fertilizer"> fertilizer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20chinensis" title=" R. chinensis"> R. chinensis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=waste%20sludge." title=" waste sludge."> waste sludge.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16175/study-on-the-characteristics-and-utilization-of-sewage-sludge-at-indah-water-konsortium-iwk-sungai-udang-melaka" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16175/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16175/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16175/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16175/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16175/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16175/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16175/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16175/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16175/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16175/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16175.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4389</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">112</span> Forensic Implications of Blowfly Chrysomya rufifacies (Calliphoridae: Diptera) Development Rates Affected by Ketum Extract</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20R.%20Rashid">A. R. Rashid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20S.%20Siti"> A. S. Siti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20R.%20Siti"> F. R. Siti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20R.%20Reena"> A. R. Reena</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20S.%20S.%20Sharifah"> H. S. S. Sharifah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20Z.%20Nurul"> F. Z. Nurul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=W.%20A.%20Nazni"> W. A. Nazni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This study was conducted to examine the effects of ketum extract on development of Chrysomya rufifacies and to analyze the presence of mitragynine in the larvae samples. 110 newly emerged first instar larvae of C. rufifacies were introduced on ketum extract-mixed cow liver at doses of 0, 20, 40 and 60g. Blowfly development rate was determined with 12 hour intervals and mitragynine in larvae was extracted and quantitated. C. rufifacies in control group took about 192 hours to complete their development from first instar larvae to adult blowfly; meanwhile blowfly form from the highest dose of ketum was 264 hours. Mitragynine was detected in all groups of treatment, except for control. In conclusion, the presence of mitragynine in C. rufifacies is affected in delaying development rates of the blowfly for up to 62 hours or 3 days. Chemical analysis of mitragynine from larvae samples showed that this alkaloid present in all specimens analyzed. </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chrysomya%20rufifacies" title="Chrysomya rufifacies">Chrysomya rufifacies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ketum" title=" Ketum"> Ketum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mitragynine" title=" Mitragynine"> Mitragynine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Postmortem%20Interval%20%28PMI%29." title=" Postmortem Interval (PMI)."> Postmortem Interval (PMI).</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16276/forensic-implications-of-blowfly-chrysomya-rufifacies-calliphoridae-diptera-development-rates-affected-by-ketum-extract" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16276/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16276/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16276/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16276/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16276/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16276/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16276/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16276/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16276/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16276/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16276.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2501</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">111</span> Visual Text Analytics Technologies for Real-Time Big Data: Chronological Evolution and Issues</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Azrina%20B.%20A.%20Aziz">Siti Azrina B. A. Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Hafizah%20A.%20Hamid"> Siti Hafizah A. Hamid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> New approaches to analyze and visualize data stream in real-time basis is important in making a prompt decision by the decision maker. Financial market trading and surveillance, large-scale emergency response and crowd control are some example scenarios that require real-time analytic and data visualization. This situation has led to the development of techniques and tools that support humans in analyzing the source data. With the emergence of Big Data and social media, new techniques and tools are required in order to process the streaming data. Today, ranges of tools which implement some of these functionalities are available. In this paper, we present chronological evolution evaluation of technologies for supporting of real-time analytic and visualization of the data stream. Based on the past research papers published from 2002 to 2014, we gathered the general information, main techniques, challenges and open issues. The techniques for streaming text visualization are identified based on Text Visualization Browser in chronological order. This paper aims to review the evolution of streaming text visualization techniques and tools, as well as to discuss the problems and challenges for each of identified tools. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Information%20visualization" title="Information visualization">Information visualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=visual%20analytics" title=" visual analytics"> visual analytics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=text%20mining" title=" text mining"> text mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=visual%20text%20analytics%20tools" title=" visual text analytics tools"> visual text analytics tools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=big%20data%20visualization." title=" big data visualization."> big data visualization.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006936/visual-text-analytics-technologies-for-real-time-big-data-chronological-evolution-and-issues" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006936/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006936/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006936/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006936/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006936/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006936/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006936/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006936/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006936/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006936/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006936.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1002</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">110</span> On Best Estimation for Parameter Weibull Distribution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hadeel%20Salim%20Alkutubi">Hadeel Salim Alkutubi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The objective of this study is to introduce estimators to the parameters and survival function for Weibull distribution using three different methods, Maximum Likelihood estimation, Standard Bayes estimation and Modified Bayes estimation. We will then compared the three methods using simulation study to find the best one base on MPE and MSE.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Maximum%20Likelihood%20estimation" title="Maximum Likelihood estimation ">Maximum Likelihood estimation </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bayes%20estimation" title=" Bayes estimation"> Bayes estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jeffery%20prior%20information" title=" Jeffery prior information"> Jeffery prior information</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Simulation%20study" title=" Simulation study"> Simulation study</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6372/on-best-estimation-for-parameter-weibull-distribution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6372/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6372/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6372/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6372/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6372/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6372/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6372/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6372/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6372/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6372/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6372.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1266</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">109</span> Big Data: Big Challenges to Privacy and Data Protection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abu%20Bakar%20Munir">Abu Bakar Munir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Hajar%20Mohd%20Yasin"> Siti Hajar Mohd Yasin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Firdaus%20Muhammad-Sukki"> Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper seeks to analyse the benefits of big data and more importantly the challenges it pose to the subject of privacy and data protection. First, the nature of big data will be briefly deliberated before presenting the potential of big data in the present days. Afterwards, the issue of privacy and data protection is highlighted before discussing the challenges of implementing this issue in big data. In conclusion, the paper will put forward the debate on the adequacy of the existing legal framework in protecting personal data in the era of big data.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Big%20data" title="Big data">Big data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=data%20protection" title=" data protection"> data protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=information" title=" information"> information</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=privacy." title=" privacy."> privacy.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000669/big-data-big-challenges-to-privacy-and-data-protection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000669/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000669/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000669/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000669/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000669/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000669/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000669/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000669/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000669/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000669/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000669.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3924</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">108</span> The Effects of RCA Clean Variables on Particle Removal Efficiency</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Kudnie%20Sahari">Siti Kudnie Sahari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jane%20Chai%20Hai%20Sing"> Jane Chai Hai Sing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Khairuddin%20Ab.%20Hamid"> Khairuddin Ab. Hamid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Shrunken patterning for integrated device manufacturing requires surface cleanliness and surface smoothness in wet chemical processing [1]. It is necessary to control all process parameters perfectly especially for the common cleaning technique RCA clean (SC-1 and SC-2) [2]. In this paper the characteristic and effect of surface preparation parameters are discussed. The properties of RCA wet chemical processing in silicon technology is based on processing time, temperature, concentration and megasonic power of SC-1 and QDR. An improvement of wafer surface preparation by the enhanced variables of the wet cleaning chemical process is proposed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=RCA" title="RCA">RCA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SC-1" title=" SC-1"> SC-1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SC-2" title=" SC-2"> SC-2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=QDR" title=" QDR"> QDR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6321/the-effects-of-rca-clean-variables-on-particle-removal-efficiency" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6321/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6321/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6321/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6321/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6321/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6321/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6321/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6321/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6321/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6321/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6321.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3242</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">107</span> Preparation of Nanophotonics LiNbO3 Thin Films and Studying Their Morphological and Structural Properties by Sol-Gel Method for Waveguide Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Fakhri%20Makram">A. Fakhri Makram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Marwa%20S.%20Alwazni"> Marwa S. Alwazni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Al-Douri%20Yarub"> Al-Douri Yarub</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Evan%20T.%20Salim"> Evan T. Salim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hashim%20Uda"> Hashim Uda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chin%20C.%20Woei"> Chin C. Woei </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Lithium niobate (LiNbO<sub>3</sub>) nanostructures are prepared on quartz substrate by the sol-gel method. They have been deposited with different molarity concentration and annealed at 500°C. These samples are characterized and analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The measured results showed an importance increasing in molarity concentrations that indicate the structure starts to become crystal, regular, homogeneous, well crystal distributed, which made it more suitable for optical waveguide application.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Lithium%20niobate" title="Lithium niobate">Lithium niobate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=morphological%20properties" title=" morphological properties"> morphological properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pechini%20method" title=" Pechini method"> Pechini method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thin%20film." title=" thin film."> thin film.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004302/preparation-of-nanophotonics-linbo3-thin-films-and-studying-their-morphological-and-structural-properties-by-sol-gel-method-for-waveguide-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004302/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004302/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004302/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004302/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004302/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004302/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004302/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004302/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004302/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004302/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004302.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1964</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">106</span> Smart Trust Management for Vehicular Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Amel%20Ltifi">Amel Ltifi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmed%20Zouinkhi"> Ahmed Zouinkhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Med%20Salim%20Bouhlel"> Med Salim Bouhlel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Spontaneous networks such as VANET are in general deployed in an open and thus easily accessible environment. Therefore, they are vulnerable to attacks. Trust management is one of a set of security solutions dedicated to this type of networks. Moreover, the strong mobility of the nodes (in the case of VANET) makes the establishment of a trust management system complex. In this paper, we present a concept of ‘Active Vehicle’ which means an autonomous vehicle that is able to make decision about trustworthiness of alert messages transmitted about road accidents. The behavior of an “Active Vehicle” is modeled using Petri Nets.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Component" title="Component">Component</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=active%20vehicle" title=" active vehicle"> active vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cooperation" title=" cooperation"> cooperation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=petri%20nets" title=" petri nets"> petri nets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=trust%20management" title=" trust management"> trust management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=VANET." title=" VANET."> VANET.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005824/smart-trust-management-for-vehicular-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005824/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005824/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005824/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005824/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005824/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005824/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005824/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005824/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005824/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005824/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005824.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1124</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">105</span> Plug and Play Interferometer Configuration using Single Modulator Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Norshamsuri%20Ali">Norshamsuri Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hafizulfika"> Hafizulfika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Salim%20Ali%20Al-Kathiri"> Salim Ali Al-Kathiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdulla%20Al-Attas"> Abdulla Al-Attas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Suhairi%20Saharudin"> Suhairi Saharudin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohamed%20Ridza%20Wahiddin"> Mohamed Ridza Wahiddin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We demonstrate single-photon interference over 10 km using a plug and play system for quantum key distribution. The quality of the interferometer is measured by using the interferometer visibility. The coding of the signal is based on the phase coding and the value of visibility is based on the interference effect, which result a number of count. The setup gives full control of polarization inside the interferometer. The quality measurement of the interferometer is based on number of count per second and the system produces 94 % visibility in one of the detectors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=single%20photon" title="single photon">single photon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=interferometer" title=" interferometer"> interferometer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=quantum%20key%20distribution." title=" quantum key distribution."> quantum key distribution.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1995/plug-and-play-interferometer-configuration-using-single-modulator-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1995/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1995/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1995/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1995/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1995/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1995/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1995/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1995/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1995/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1995/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1995.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1621</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">104</span> Improving Carbon Sequestration in Concrete: A Literature Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Adedokun%20D.%20A.">Adedokun D. A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ndambuki%20J.%20M."> Ndambuki J. M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Salim%20R.%20W."> Salim R. W.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Due to urbanization, trees and plants which covered a great land mass of the earth and are an excellent carbon dioxide (CO2) absorber through photosynthesis are being replaced by several concrete based structures. It is therefore important to have these cement based structures absorb the large volume of carbon dioxide which the trees would have removed from the atmosphere during their useful lifespan. Hence the need for these cement based structures to be designed to serve other useful purposes in addition to shelter. This paper reviews the properties of Sodium carbonate and sugar as admixtures in concrete with respect to improving carbon sequestration in concrete.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Carbon%20sequestration" title="Carbon sequestration">Carbon sequestration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sodium%20carbonate" title=" Sodium carbonate"> Sodium carbonate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sugar" title=" Sugar"> Sugar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=concrete" title=" concrete"> concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Carbon%20dioxide." title=" Carbon dioxide."> Carbon dioxide.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13162/improving-carbon-sequestration-in-concrete-a-literature-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13162/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13162/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13162/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13162/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13162/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13162/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13162/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13162/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13162/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13162/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13162.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2762</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">103</span> LMI Approach to Regularization and Stabilization of Linear Singular Systems: The Discrete-time Case</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Salim%20Ibrir">Salim Ibrir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Sufficient linear matrix inequalities (LMI) conditions for regularization of discrete-time singular systems are given. Then a new class of regularizing stabilizing controllers is discussed. The proposed controllers are the sum of predictive and memoryless state feedbacks. The predictive controller aims to regularizing the singular system while the memoryless state feedback is designed to stabilize the resulting regularized system. A systematic procedure is given to calculate the controller gains through linear matrix inequalities.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Singular%20systems" title="Singular systems">Singular systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Discrete-time%20systems" title=" Discrete-time systems"> Discrete-time systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Regularization" title=" Regularization"> Regularization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=LMIs" title=" LMIs"> LMIs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11245/lmi-approach-to-regularization-and-stabilization-of-linear-singular-systems-the-discrete-time-case" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11245/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11245/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11245/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11245/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11245/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11245/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11245/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11245/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11245/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11245/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11245.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1594</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">102</span> Assessment Methods for Surgical Skill</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Nor%20Zawani%20Ahmmad">Siti Nor Zawani Ahmmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Eileen%20Su%20Lee%20Ming"> Eileen Su Lee Ming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yeong%20Che%20Fai"> Yeong Che Fai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fauzan%20Khairi%20bin%20Che%20Harun"> Fauzan Khairi bin Che Harun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increasingly sophisticated technologies have now been able to provide assistance for surgeons to improve surgical performance through various training programs. Equally important to learning skills is the assessment method as it determines the learning and technical proficiency of a trainee. A consistent and rigorous assessment system will ensure that trainees acquire the specific level of competency prior to certification. This paper reviews the methods currently in use for assessment of surgical skill and some modern techniques using computer-based measurements and virtual reality systems for more quantitative measurements <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=assessment" title="assessment">assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=surgical%20skill" title=" surgical skill"> surgical skill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=checklist" title=" checklist"> checklist</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=global%20rating" title=" global rating"> global rating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=virtual%20reality" title=" virtual reality"> virtual reality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2872/assessment-methods-for-surgical-skill" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2872/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2872/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2872/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2872/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2872/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2872/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2872/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2872/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2872/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2872/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2872.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2430</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">101</span> A Genetic Algorithm Approach for Solving Fuzzy Linear and Quadratic Equations </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Hadi%20Mashinchi">M. Hadi Mashinchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Reza%20Mashinchi"> M. Reza Mashinchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Mariyam%20H.%20J.%20Shamsuddin"> Siti Mariyam H. J. Shamsuddin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper a genetic algorithms approach for solving the linear and quadratic fuzzy equations Ãx虄=B虄 and Ãx虄<sup>2</sup> + B虄x虄=C虄 , where Ã, B虄, C虄 and x虄 are fuzzy numbers is proposed by genetic algorithms. Our genetic based method initially starts with a set of random fuzzy solutions. Then in each generation of genetic algorithms, the solution candidates converge more to better fuzzy solution x虄<sub>b</sub> . In this proposed method the final reached x虄<sub>b</sub> is not only restricted to fuzzy triangular and it can be fuzzy number.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fuzzy%20coefficient" title="Fuzzy coefficient">Fuzzy coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fuzzy%20equation" title=" fuzzy equation"> fuzzy equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=genetic%0D%0Aalgorithms." title=" genetic algorithms."> genetic algorithms.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11254/a-genetic-algorithm-approach-for-solving-fuzzy-linear-and-quadratic-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11254/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11254/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11254/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11254/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11254/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11254/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11254/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11254/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11254/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11254/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11254.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2189</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">100</span> Effect of Oyster Mushroom on Biodegradation of Oil Palm Mesocarp Fibre</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohammed%20Saidu">Mohammed Saidu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Afiz%20Busari"> Afiz Busari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ali%20Yuzir"> Ali Yuzir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohd%20Razman%20Salim"> Mohd Razman Salim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The problem of degradation of agricultural residues from palm oil industry is increasing due to its expansion. Lignocelloulosic waste from these industry represent large amount of unutilized resources, this is due to their high lignin content. Since white rot fungi are capable of degrading lignin, its potential for the degradation of lignocelloulosic waste from palm oil industry was accessed. The lignocellluloses content was measured before and after biodegradation and the rate of reduction was determined. From the results of the biodegradation, it was observed that hemicellulose reduces by 22.62%, cellulose by 20.97% and lignin by 10.65% from the initials lignocelluloses contents. Thus, to improve the digestibility of palm oil mesocarp fibre, treatment by white rot-fungi is recommended.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Biological" title="Biological">Biological</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=lignocelluses" title=" lignocelluses"> lignocelluses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=oil%20palm" title=" oil palm"> oil palm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=white%20rot%20fungi." title=" white rot fungi."> white rot fungi.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002614/effect-of-oyster-mushroom-on-biodegradation-of-oil-palm-mesocarp-fibre" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002614/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002614/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002614/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002614/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002614/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002614/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002614/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002614/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002614/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002614/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002614.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2988</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">99</span> Metaheuristics Methods (GA and ACO) for Minimizing the Length of Freeman Chain Code from Handwritten Isolated Characters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dewi%20Nasien">Dewi Nasien</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Habibollah%20Haron"> Habibollah Haron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20SophiayatiYuhaniz"> Siti SophiayatiYuhaniz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a comparison of metaheuristic algorithms, Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), in producing freeman chain code (FCC). The main problem in representing characters using FCC is the length of the FCC depends on the starting points. Isolated characters, especially the upper-case characters, usually have branches that make the traversing process difficult. The study in FCC construction using one continuous route has not been widely explored. This is our motivation to use the population-based metaheuristics. The experimental result shows that the route length using GA is better than ACO, however, ACO is better in computation time than GA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Handwriting%20Recognition" title="Handwriting Recognition">Handwriting Recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Feature%20Extraction" title=" Feature Extraction"> Feature Extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Freeman%20Chain%20Code" title="Freeman Chain Code">Freeman Chain Code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Genetic%20Algorithm%20and%20Ant%20ColonyOptimization." title=" Genetic Algorithm and Ant ColonyOptimization."> Genetic Algorithm and Ant ColonyOptimization.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13608/metaheuristics-methods-ga-and-aco-for-minimizing-the-length-of-freeman-chain-code-from-handwritten-isolated-characters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13608/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13608/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13608/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13608/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13608/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13608/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13608/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13608/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13608/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13608/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13608.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2058</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">98</span> Effects of Dust on the Performance of PV Panels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shaharin%20A.%20Sulaiman">Shaharin A. Sulaiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Haizatul%20H.%20Hussain"> Haizatul H. Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nik%20Siti%20H.%20Nik%20Leh"> Nik Siti H. Nik Leh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohd%20S.%20I.%20Razali"> Mohd S. I. Razali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Accumulation of dust from the outdoor environment on the panels of solar photovoltaic (PV) system is natural. There were studies that showed that the accumulated dust can reduce the performance of solar panels, but the results were not clearly quantified. The objective of this research was to study the effects of dust accumulation on the performance of solar PV panels. Experiments were conducted using dust particles on solar panels with a constant-power light source, to determine the resulting electrical power generated and efficiency. It was found from the study that the accumulated dust on the surface of photovoltaic solar panel can reduce the system-s efficiency by up to 50%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dust" title="Dust">Dust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Photovoltaic" title=" Photovoltaic"> Photovoltaic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Solar%20Energy." title=" Solar Energy."> Solar Energy.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10305/effects-of-dust-on-the-performance-of-pv-panels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10305/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10305/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10305/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10305/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10305/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10305/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10305/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10305/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10305/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10305/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10305.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">13733</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">97</span> Applications of High-Order Compact Finite Difference Scheme to Nonlinear Goursat Problems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohd%20Agos%20Salim%20Nasir">Mohd Agos Salim Nasir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmad%20Izani%20Md.%20Ismail"> Ahmad Izani Md. Ismail</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Several numerical schemes utilizing central difference approximations have been developed to solve the Goursat problem. However, in a recent years compact discretization methods which leads to high-order finite difference schemes have been used since it is capable of achieving better accuracy as well as preserving certain features of the equation e.g. linearity. The basic idea of the new scheme is to find the compact approximations to the derivative terms by differentiating centrally the governing equations. Our primary interest is to study the performance of the new scheme when applied to two Goursat partial differential equations against the traditional finite difference scheme. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Goursat%20problem" title="Goursat problem">Goursat problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=partial%20differential%20equation" title=" partial differential equation"> partial differential equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=finite%0Adifference%20scheme" title=" finite difference scheme"> finite difference scheme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=compact%20finite%20difference" title=" compact finite difference"> compact finite difference</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13234/applications-of-high-order-compact-finite-difference-scheme-to-nonlinear-goursat-problems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13234/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13234/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13234/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13234/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13234/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13234/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13234/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13234/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13234/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13234/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13234.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1902</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">96</span> Determinants of Enterprise Risk Management Adoption: An Empirical Analysis of Malaysian Public Listed Firms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nargess%20Mottaghi%20Golshan">Nargess Mottaghi Golshan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Zaleha%20Abdul%20Rasid"> Siti Zaleha Abdul Rasid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Purpose:This paper aims to gain insights to the influential factors of ERM adoptions by public listed firms in Malaysia. Findings:The two factors of financial leverage and auditor type were found to be significant influential factors for ERM adoption. In other words the findings indicated that firms with higher financial leverage and with a Big Four auditor are more likely to have a form of ERM framework in place. Originality/Value:Since there are relatively few studies conducted in this area and specially in developing economies like Malaysia, this study will broaden the scope of literature by providing novel empirical evidence.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Enterprise%20risk%20management" title="Enterprise risk management">Enterprise risk management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=risk" title=" risk"> risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=public%20listed%20company." title=" public listed company."> public listed company.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12704/determinants-of-enterprise-risk-management-adoption-an-empirical-analysis-of-malaysian-public-listed-firms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12704/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12704/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12704/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12704/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12704/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12704/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12704/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12704/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12704/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12704/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12704.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2590</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">95</span> A Perceptual Image Coding method of High Compression Rate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fahmi%20Kammoun">Fahmi Kammoun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohamed%20Salim%20Bouhlel"> Mohamed Salim Bouhlel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the framework of the image compression by Wavelet Transforms, we propose a perceptual method by incorporating Human Visual System (HVS) characteristics in the quantization stage. Indeed, human eyes haven-t an equal sensitivity across the frequency bandwidth. Therefore, the clarity of the reconstructed images can be improved by weighting the quantization according to the Contrast Sensitivity Function (CSF). The visual artifact at low bit rate is minimized. To evaluate our method, we use the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and a new evaluating criteria witch takes into account visual criteria. The experimental results illustrate that our technique shows improvement on image quality at the same compression ratio. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Contrast%20Sensitivity%20Function" title="Contrast Sensitivity Function">Contrast Sensitivity Function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Human%20Visual%0ASystem" title=" Human Visual System"> Human Visual System</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Image%20compression" title=" Image compression"> Image compression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wavelet%20transforms." title=" Wavelet transforms."> Wavelet transforms.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14648/a-perceptual-image-coding-method-of-high-compression-rate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14648/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14648/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14648/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14648/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14648/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14648/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14648/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14648/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14648/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14648/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14648.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1874</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">94</span> Hybrid Authentication Scheme for Graphical Password Using QR Code and Integrated Sound Signature</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Salim%20Istyaq">Salim Istyaq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohammad%20Sarosh%20Umar"> Mohammad Sarosh Umar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Today, the mankind is in the stage of development, every day comes with new proposal of technology, in order to secure these types of technology, we also prepare high yielding security modules to conserve these resources. The capacity of human brain to recognize anything is far more than any species; this is all due to our developing cycle of curiosity. In this paper, we proposed a scheme based on graphical password using QR Code which provides more security to the recent online system. It also contains a supportive sound signature. In this system, authentication is done using sequence of images in QR code form. Users select one click-point per image with the help of QR scanner or recognizer. The encoded phrase in a QR code emphasizes the minimum probability of attacking via shoulder surfing or other attacks.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Graphical%20password" title="Graphical password">Graphical password</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=QR%20code" title=" QR code"> QR code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sound%20signature" title=" sound signature"> sound signature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=image%20authentication" title=" image authentication"> image authentication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cued%20click%20point." title=" cued click point."> cued click point.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009015/hybrid-authentication-scheme-for-graphical-password-using-qr-code-and-integrated-sound-signature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009015/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009015/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009015/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009015/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009015/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009015/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009015/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009015/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009015/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009015/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009015.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">772</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">93</span> Safety Practices among Bus Operators during Wee Hour Operations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.R.%20Osman">M.R. Osman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20Abas"> F. Abas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.S.%20Noh"> M.S. Noh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Mohamad%20Suffian"> A. Mohamad Suffian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=O.%20Ilhamah"> O. Ilhamah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.Z.%20Zarir"> H.Z. Zarir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.B.%20Wahida"> A.B. Wahida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Noor%20Faradila"> P. Noor Faradila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.F.%20Siti%20Atiqah"> M.F. Siti Atiqah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Safety Health and Environment Code of Practice (SHE COP) was developed to help road transportation operators to manage its operation in a systematic and safe manner. A study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of SHE COP implementation during non-OPS period. The objective of the study is to evaluate the implementations of SHE COP among bus operators during wee hour operations. The data was collected by completing a set of checklist after observing the activities during pre departure, during the trip, and upon arrival. The results show that there are seven widely practiced SHE COP elements. 22% of the buses have average speed exceeding the maximum permissible speed on the highways (90 km/h), with 13% of the buses were travelling at the speed of more than 100 km/h. The statistical analysis shows that there is only one significant association which relates speeding with prior presence of enforcement officers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Safety%20practices" title="Safety practices">Safety practices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=speeding" title=" speeding"> speeding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wee%20hour." title=" wee hour."> wee hour.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11496/safety-practices-among-bus-operators-during-wee-hour-operations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11496/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11496/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11496/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11496/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11496/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11496/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11496/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11496/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11496/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11496/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11496.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1563</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">92</span> Proposal of Design Method in the Semi-Acausal System Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Junji%20Kaneko">Junji Kaneko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shigeyuki%20Haruyama"> Shigeyuki Haruyama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ken%20Kaminishi"> Ken Kaminishi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tadayuki%20Kyoutani"> Tadayuki Kyoutani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Ruhana%20Omar"> Siti Ruhana Omar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Oke%20Oktavianty"> Oke Oktavianty</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This study is used as a definition method to the value and function in manufacturing sector. In concurrence of discussion about present condition of modeling method, until now definition of 1D-CAE is ambiguity and not conceptual. Across all the physic fields, those methods are defined with the formulation of differential algebraic equation which only applied time derivation and simulation. At the same time, we propose semi-acausal modeling concept and differential algebraic equation method as a newly modeling method which the efficiency has been verified through the comparison of numerical analysis result between the semi-acausal modeling calculation and FEM theory calculation.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=System%20Model" title="System Model">System Model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Physical%20Models" title=" Physical Models"> Physical Models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Empirical%20Models" title=" Empirical Models"> Empirical Models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Conservation%20Law" title=" Conservation Law"> Conservation Law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Differential%20Algebraic%20Equation" title=" Differential Algebraic Equation"> Differential Algebraic Equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Object-Oriented." title=" Object-Oriented."> Object-Oriented.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000523/proposal-of-design-method-in-the-semi-acausal-system-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000523/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000523/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000523/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000523/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000523/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000523/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000523/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000523/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000523/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000523/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000523.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2231</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">91</span> Bio-Inspired Generalized Global Shape Approach for Writer Identification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Azah%20Kamilah%20Muda">Azah Kamilah Muda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Mariyam%20Shamsuddin"> Siti Mariyam Shamsuddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Maslina%20Darus"> Maslina Darus</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Writer identification is one of the areas in pattern recognition that attract many researchers to work in, particularly in forensic and biometric application, where the writing style can be used as biometric features for authenticating an identity. The challenging task in writer identification is the extraction of unique features, in which the individualistic of such handwriting styles can be adopted into bio-inspired generalized global shape for writer identification. In this paper, the feasibility of generalized global shape concept of complimentary binding in Artificial Immune System (AIS) for writer identification is explored. An experiment based on the proposed framework has been conducted to proof the validity and feasibility of the proposed approach for off-line writer identification. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Writer%20identification" title="Writer identification">Writer identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=generalized%20global%20shape" title=" generalized global shape"> generalized global shape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=individualistic" title="individualistic">individualistic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pattern%20recognition." title=" pattern recognition."> pattern recognition.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14053/bio-inspired-generalized-global-shape-approach-for-writer-identification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14053/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14053/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14053/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14053/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14053/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14053/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14053/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14053/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14053/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14053/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14053.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1230</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">90</span> Recognition of Isolated Handwritten Latin Characters using One Continuous Route of Freeman Chain Code Representation and Feedforward Neural Network Classifier</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dewi%20Nasien">Dewi Nasien</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20S.%20Yuhaniz"> Siti S. Yuhaniz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Habibollah%20Haron"> Habibollah Haron</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In a handwriting recognition problem, characters can be represented using chain codes. The main problem in representing characters using chain code is optimizing the length of the chain code. This paper proposes to use randomized algorithm to minimize the length of Freeman Chain Codes (FCC) generated from isolated handwritten characters. Feedforward neural network is used in the classification stage to recognize the image characters. Our test results show that by applying the proposed model, we reached a relatively high accuracy for the problem of isolated handwritten when tested on NIST database. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Handwriting%20Recognition" title="Handwriting Recognition">Handwriting Recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Freeman%20Chain%20Code%20andFeedforward%20Backpropagation%20Neural%20Networks." title=" Freeman Chain Code andFeedforward Backpropagation Neural Networks."> Freeman Chain Code andFeedforward Backpropagation Neural Networks.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8886/recognition-of-isolated-handwritten-latin-characters-using-one-continuous-route-of-freeman-chain-code-representation-and-feedforward-neural-network-classifier" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8886/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8886/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8886/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8886/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8886/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8886/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8886/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8886/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8886/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8886/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8886.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1822</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">89</span> Effects of pH, Temperature, Enzyme and Substrate Concentration on Xylooligosaccharides Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20D.%20S.%20Siti-Normah">M. D. S. Siti-Normah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Sabiha-Hanim"> S. Sabiha-Hanim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Noraishah"> A. Noraishah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Agricultural residue such as oil palm fronds (OPF) is cheap, widespread and available throughout the year. Hemicelluloses extracted from OPF can be hydrolyzed to their monomers and used in production of xylooligosaccharides (XOs). The objective of the present study was to optimize the enzymatic hydrolysis process of OPF hemicellulose by varying pH, temperature, enzyme and substrate concentration for production of XOs. Hemicelluloses was extracted from OPF by using 3 M potassium hydroxide (KOH) at temperature of 40掳C for 4 hrs and stirred at 400 rpm. The hemicellulose was then hydrolyzed using Trichoderma longibrachiatum xylanase at different pH, temperature, enzyme and substrate concentration. XOs were characterized based on reducing sugar determination. The optimum conditions to produced XOs from OPF hemicellulose was obtained at pH 4.6, temperature of 40掳C , enzyme concentration of 2 U/mL and 2% substrate concentration. The results established the suitability of oil palm fronds as raw material for production of XOs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hemicellulose" title="Hemicellulose">Hemicellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=oil%20palm%20fronds" title=" oil palm fronds"> oil palm fronds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Trichoderma%0Alongibrachiatum" title=" Trichoderma longibrachiatum"> Trichoderma longibrachiatum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=xylooligosaccharides." title=" xylooligosaccharides."> xylooligosaccharides.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8715/effects-of-ph-temperature-enzyme-and-substrate-concentration-on-xylooligosaccharides-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8715/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8715/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8715/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8715/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8715/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8715/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8715/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8715/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8715/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8715/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8715.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3197</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">88</span> A Neural Approach for the Offline Recognition of the Arabic Handwritten Words of the Algerian Departments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Salim%20Ouchtati">Salim Ouchtati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jean%20Sequeira"> Jean Sequeira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mouldi%20Bedda"> Mouldi Bedda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the context of the handwriting recognition, we propose an off line system for the recognition of the Arabic handwritten words of the Algerian departments. The study is based mainly on the evaluation of neural network performances, trained with the gradient back propagation algorithm. The used parameters to form the input vector of the neural network are extracted on the binary images of the handwritten word by several methods. The Distribution parameters, the centered moments of the different projections of the different segments, the centered moments of the word image coding according to the directions of Freeman, and the Barr features applied binary image of the word and on its different segments. The classification is achieved by a multi layers perceptron. A detailed experiment is carried and satisfactory recognition results are reported. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Handwritten%20word%20recognition" title="Handwritten word recognition">Handwritten word recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=neural%20networks" title=" neural networks"> neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=image%20processing" title=" image processing"> image processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pattern%20recognition" title=" pattern recognition"> pattern recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=features%20extraction." title=" features extraction."> features extraction.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002726/a-neural-approach-for-the-offline-recognition-of-the-arabic-handwritten-words-of-the-algerian-departments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a 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