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</li> <li id="toc-Industrialisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrialisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Industrialisation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrialisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independence,_war,_and_after" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independence,_war,_and_after"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Independence, war, and after </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independence,_war,_and_after-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Topography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Topography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Water </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cityscape_and_architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cityscape_and_architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Cityscape and architecture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cityscape_and_architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Crime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Crime </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Entertainment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entertainment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Entertainment </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Entertainment-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Entertainment subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Entertainment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media_and_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_and_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Media and literature </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media_and_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Economy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Healthcare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Healthcare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Healthcare </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Healthcare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Transport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Enugu</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 47 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" > 47 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%86%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%88" title="إنوغو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إنوغو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%82%D9%88" title="انوقو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="انوقو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%83" title="Енугу – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Енугу" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enugu_(ciutat)" title="Enugu (ciutat) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Enugu (ciutat)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enugu" title="Enugu – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Enugu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enugu" title="Enugu – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Enugu" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enugu_(Nigeria)" title="Enugu (Nigeria) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Enugu (Nigeria)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enugu" title="Enugu – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Enugu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enugu" title="Enugu – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Enugu" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enugu" title="Enugu – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Enugu" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%88" title="انوگو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انوگو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enugu" title="Enugu – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Enugu" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enugu" title="Enugu – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Enugu" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%88%84%EA%B5%AC" title="에누구 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에누구" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enugu_(birni)" title="Enugu (birni) – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Enugu (birni)" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Էնուգու – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էնուգու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enugu" title="Enugu – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Enugu" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/En%E1%BB%A5gw%E1%BB%A5" title="Enụgwụ – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Enụgwụ" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enugu" title="Enugu – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Enugu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enugu" title="Enugu – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Enugu" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%92%D7%95" title="אנוגו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנוגו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enugu" title="Enugu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Enugu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enugu" title="Enugu – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Enugu" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enugu" title="Enugu – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Enugu" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enugu" title="Enugu – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Enugu" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/En%C3%BAgwu" title="Enúgwu – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Enúgwu" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enugu" title="Enugu – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Enugu" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%88" title="انوجو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="انوجو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enugu_(stad)" title="Enugu (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Enugu (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%8C%E3%82%B0" title="エヌグ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エヌグ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enugu" title="Enugu – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Enugu" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enugu" title="Enugu – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Enugu" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enugu_(miasto)" title="Enugu (miasto) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Enugu (miasto)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enugu_(cidade)" title="Enugu (cidade) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Enugu (cidade)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enugu" title="Enugu – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Enugu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%83" title="Энугу – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Энугу" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enugu" title="Enugu – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Enugu" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enugu_(mjasto)" title="Enugu (mjasto) – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Enugu (mjasto)" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enugu" title="Enugu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Enugu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enugu" title="Enugu – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Enugu" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enugu" title="Enugu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Enugu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%83" title="Енугу – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Енугу" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%88" title="انوگو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="انوگو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enugu" title="Enugu – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Enugu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enugu" title="Enugu – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Enugu" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BA%B8n%C3%BAgu" title="Ẹnúgu – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ẹnúgu" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8A%AA%E5%8F%A4" title="埃努古 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="埃努古" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q465022#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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6.45278°N 7.51111°E / 6.45278; 7.51111</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital city of Enugu state, Nigeria</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the capital of Enugu State in Nigeria. For the state, see <a href="/wiki/Enugu_State" title="Enugu State">Enugu State</a>. For all other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Enugu_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Enugu (disambiguation)">Enugu (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Nigeria</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Enugu</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native">Enugu</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">City</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Collage_pics_of_Enugu,_MJW.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Photo of Enugu's Hills with the city straight ahead in the distance"><img alt="Photo of Enugu's Hills with the city straight ahead in the distance" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Collage_pics_of_Enugu%2C_MJW.jpg/250px-Collage_pics_of_Enugu%2C_MJW.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="597" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Collage_pics_of_Enugu%2C_MJW.jpg/375px-Collage_pics_of_Enugu%2C_MJW.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Collage_pics_of_Enugu%2C_MJW.jpg/500px-Collage_pics_of_Enugu%2C_MJW.jpg 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="1240" /></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nicknames: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Enugu,<a href="#cite_note-town-1">[1]</a> Capital of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Enugu</a><a href="#cite_note-cap-2">[2]</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Coal City</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:300px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:300px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:300px"><a href="/wiki/File:Nigeria_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Enugu indicated in a map of Nigeria"><img alt="Enugu indicated in a map of Nigeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Nigeria_relief_location_map.jpg/300px-Nigeria_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Nigeria_relief_location_map.jpg/450px-Nigeria_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Nigeria_relief_location_map.jpg/600px-Nigeria_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="954" data-file-height="734" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:75.472%;left:42.393%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Enugu indicated in a map of Nigeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Enugu</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Enugu in Nigeria</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Enugu&params=6_27_10_N_7_30_40_E_type:city(4690100)_region:NG-EN">6°27′10″N 7°30′40″E / 6.45278°N 7.51111°E / 6.45278; 7.51111</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Nigeria" title="States of Nigeria">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Enugu_State" title="Enugu State">Enugu</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Areas_in_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Local Government Areas in Nigeria">LGA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Enugu_East" title="Enugu East">Enugu East</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enugu_North" title="Enugu North">Enugu North</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enugu_South" title="Enugu South">Enugu South</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Incorporated</th><td class="infobox-data">in 1909</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data">its hilly geography</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Seat</th><td class="infobox-data">Lion building.</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Executive Chairman-Council</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Governing body</th><td class="infobox-data">Local Government Council</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Democratic_Party_(Nigeria)" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)">PDP</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Chairman</th><td class="infobox-data">Ibenaku Onoh (Enugu North); Joel Onyemaechi (Enugu South); Belove Dan Anike (Enugu East)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">556 km2 (215 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">180 m (590 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2022 census)<a href="#cite_note-census-5">[5]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">4,690,100</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nigerian_cities_by_population" title="List of Nigerian cities by population">9th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">8,400/km2 (22,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/West_Africa_Time" title="West Africa Time">WAT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postcode</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">400...<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">042<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">National language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Igbo_language" title="Igbo language">Igbo</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enugustate.gov.ng/">www.enugustate.gov.ng</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Enugu (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/eɪˈnuːɡuː/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c0\/Ig_Enugu.ogg\/Ig_Enugu.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Ig Enugu.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/Ig_Enugu.ogg/Ig_Enugu.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Ig_Enugu.ogg" title="File:Ig Enugu.ogg">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">ay-NOO-goo</a>;<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> <a href="/wiki/Igbo_language" title="Igbo language">Igbo</a>: Enụgwụ)<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> is the capital city of <a href="/wiki/Enugu_State" title="Enugu State">Enugu State</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>. The city had a population of 4,690,100 spread across the three <a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_Nigeria" title="Local government areas of Nigeria">LGAs</a> of <a href="/wiki/Enugu_East" title="Enugu East">Enugu East</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enugu_North" title="Enugu North">Enugu North</a> and <a href="/wiki/Enugu_South" title="Enugu South">Enugu South</a>, according to the 2022 Nigerian census.<a href="#cite_note-census-5">[5]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enugu&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enugu&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early history">edit</a>]</div> Énugwú is the capital city of Enugu State in Nigeria. It is located in southeastern part of Nigeria. The name Enugu is derived from the two Igbo words Énú Ụ́gwụ́, meaning "hill top", denoting the city's hilly geography. Enugu acquired township status in 1917 and was called Enugwu-Ngwo, but because of the rapid expansion towards areas owned by other indigenous communities, the city was renamed Enugu in 1928. The first settlement in the Enugu area was the small Nike village of Ogui from present day Igala which was present since the era of the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Slave_Trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic Slave Trade">Atlantic Slave Trade</a>.<a href="#cite_note-town-1">[1]</a> Nike in the Igbo language means "with strength or power".<a href="#cite_note-cap-2">[2]</a> The Nike people acquired most of their lands through <a href="/wiki/Slave_raiding" title="Slave raiding">slave raiding</a>, as the area was mostly unsettled. The Nike people used slaves as part of their defence strategy. They placed Slave camps at the edge of their territories so that it was harder for an enemy to access the free-born people.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> The Nike were allied to the <a href="/wiki/Aro_people" title="Aro people">Aro people</a>, who formed the <a href="/wiki/Aro_Confederacy" title="Aro Confederacy">Aro Confederacy</a> (1690–1901).<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> This Igbo organisation controlled slave trading in the Enugu area.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Numerous Aro people came to trade from <a href="/wiki/Arochukwu" title="Arochukwu">Arochukwu</a> in the south; the <a href="/wiki/Hausa_people" title="Hausa people">Hausa people</a> came to trade from the north. The Hausa traders provided horses to the Nike, who used them for Igbo rituals. Both the Aro and Hausa regularly migrated back and forth to what is now the city of Enugu, and were considered foreigners to the area.<a href="#cite_note-history-14">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industrialisation">Industrialisation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enugu&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Industrialisation">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Nigeria" title="Colonial Nigeria">Colonial Nigeria</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iva_Valley_coal_mine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A picture of the Iva Valley coal mine from 2006." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Iva_Valley_coal_mine.jpg/220px-Iva_Valley_coal_mine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Iva_Valley_coal_mine.jpg/330px-Iva_Valley_coal_mine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Iva_Valley_coal_mine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="396" data-file-height="343" /></a><figcaption>The Iva Valley coal mine</figcaption></figure> A British campaign to invade Arochukwu and open up the hinterland for British military and political rule was carried out in 1901. A war between the British and Aro officially started on 1 December 1901; it lasted until 24 March 1902 when the Aro were defeated.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> The Aro Confederacy ended, and the British added the rest of Aro-dominated areas to The Colony and Protectorate of Southern Nigeria, declared in 1900.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Europeans first arrived in the Enugu area in 1903 when the British/Australian <a href="/wiki/Geologist" title="Geologist">geologist</a> <a href="/wiki/Albert_Ernest_Kitson" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert Ernest Kitson">Albert Ernest Kitson</a> led an exploration of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Nigeria_Protectorate" title="Southern Nigeria Protectorate">Southern Nigeria Protectorate</a> to search for especially valued mineral resources under the supervision of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth Institute">Imperial Institute, London</a>. By 1909 they found coal under the village of Enugwu Ngwo<a href="#cite_note-cap-2">[2]</a> in the Udi area.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> By 1913 the coal was confirmed to be in quantities that would be viable commercially.<a href="#cite_note-history-14">[14]</a> By 1914 the colonial government had merged the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Nigeria_Protectorate" title="Northern Nigeria Protectorate">Northern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Nigeria_Protectorate" title="Southern Nigeria Protectorate">Southern</a> Nigeria Protectorate to form the <a href="/wiki/Colony_and_Protectorate_of_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria">Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> In 1915 the British began talks with the indigenous people of the land that would become Enugu about its acquisition in order to lay the Eastern Line railway and to build a colliery. The first houses built in the area were in a temporary settlement consisting of Igbo traditional mud housing inhabited by a W. J. Leck and some other Europeans on Hill-top. This was the only plain on the escarpment rolling before the jungled Milliken Hill. Historic former residences of the colonialists, known as the "Europeans quarters", still survive on the Hill-top. It is now an outskirt of Enugwu-Ngwo town. As a result of industrialization, settlements sprang up in the area now known as Enugu. The settlement known as Ugwu Alfred (Igbo: Alfred's Hill) or "Alfred's Camp", was developed on a hillside and inhabited by Alfred Inoma (a leader of indigenous Coal labourers from <a href="/wiki/Onitsha" title="Onitsha">Onitsha</a>) and his labourers.<a href="#cite_note-history-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-townhist-20">[20]</a> Another settlement known as Ugwu Aaron (Igbo: Aaron's Hill) or "Aaron's Camp", was also developed on a hillside and inhabited by Aaron Nwaelo (a leader of indigenous Railway labourers from <a href="/wiki/Ezeagu" title="Ezeagu">Ezeagu</a>) and his labourers.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> After the British acquired land here, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Lugard" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Lugard">Frederick Lugard</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors-General_of_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors-General of Nigeria">Governor-General of Nigeria</a> at the time, named the colliery built at the bottom of the Udi Hills as Enugu Coal Camp to distinguish it from Enugwu Ngwo<a href="#cite_note-cap-2">[2]</a> which overlooks the city from atop a scarp to the west of Enugu.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> The first coal mine in the Enugu area was the Udi mine; it opened in 1915, and closed two years later when it was replaced with the Iva Valley mine.<a href="#cite_note-coal-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-nigpolitic-25">[25]</a> Enugu became a major coal mining area, the only significant one in West Africa.<a href="#cite_note-history-14">[14]</a> The Eastern Line railway connecting Enugu with <a href="/wiki/Port_Harcourt" title="Port Harcourt">Port Harcourt</a> was completed in 1916 in order to facilitate the export of coal through its seaport<a href="#cite_note-easternline-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-coal-24">[24]</a> and the city was developed sole for this purpose.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Enugu became one of the few cities in <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a> created explicitly from contact with Europeans.<a href="#cite_note-town-1">[1]</a> By 1916 the colonial government designated parts of Enugu as reserved for Europeans. The area now known as the Government Reserved Area (GRA) was called the European Quarters, located north of the Ogbete River. To the south of the river was a section developed for African residents. The built-up area of Enugu comprised these two areas, and by 1917 the city officially gained township status. On the African side of the city, a rapid influx of migrant workers led to the development of squatter camps on the Udi Hills near the coal mines and the Iva Valley.<a href="#cite_note-townhist-20">[20]</a> In 1929, Enugu became the administrative headquarters for the Southern Province under the post-World War II constitutions. With this, the number of government departments represented in the town increased tremendously.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> In 1938 Enugu became the administrative capital of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Region,_Nigeria" title="Eastern Region, Nigeria">Eastern Region</a>. The number of employed coal miners in Enugu grew from 6,000 (of mostly <a href="/wiki/Udi,_Enugu" title="Udi, Enugu">Udi</a> men) in 1948 to 8,000 in 1958. Enugu's population rose sharply with its industrialisation; the population of the city reached 62,000 in 1952.<a href="#cite_note-nigpolitic-25">[25]</a> Under colonial British rule, working conditions in Nigeria were harsh, characterized by regular physical punishment, forced acts of humiliation, and irregular payments of <a href="/wiki/Arrears" title="Arrears">arrears</a> owed to workers.<a href="#cite_note-:0-30">[30]</a>: 99  In late 1949, local miners believed that large sums of arrears were owed to them, but were being withheld by the mines' management.<a href="#cite_note-coleman-31">[31]</a> These beliefs were fueled by local "<a href="/wiki/Zikism" title="Zikism">Zikist</a>", or nationalist, press.<a href="#cite_note-coleman-31">[31]</a> "Zikism" was a post <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> movement that was created out of admiration for <a href="/wiki/Nnamdi_Azikiwe" title="Nnamdi Azikiwe">Nnamdi Azikiwe</a> who was a prominent nationalist of the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Nigeria_and_the_Cameroons" title="National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons">National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons</a> (NCNC). Labour tensions in Enugu came to a head on 18 November 1949, when British police <a href="/wiki/1949_Enugu_Colliery_Massacre" title="1949 Enugu Colliery Massacre">massacred striking miners</a>, killing 21 and wounding 51 others.<a href="#cite_note-:0-30">[30]</a>: 86 <a href="#cite_note-coleman-31">[31]</a> The massacre that came to be known as "The Iva Valley Shooting"<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> fueled Zikist sentiments among most Nigerians, and especially amongst Eastern Nigerians.<a href="#cite_note-cap-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-nigpolitic-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-30">[30]</a>: 88–89 <a href="#cite_note-coleman-31">[31]</a> Multiple Zikist groups used the shooting to fuel their calls for independence, and to push the British imperial administration out of Nigeria.<a href="#cite_note-:0-30">[30]</a>: 88–89 <a href="#cite_note-coleman-31">[31]</a> A detailed account of the incident was also published in the memoirs of the British Resident of Enugu at the time, James Stewart Smith.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independence,_war,_and_after">Independence, war, and after</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enugu&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Independence, war, and after">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Decolonization_of_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Decolonization of Africa">Decolonization of Africa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Civil_War" title="Nigerian Civil War">Nigerian Civil War</a></div> Enugu became a municipality in 1956 with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Umaru_Altine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umaru Altine (page does not exist)">Umaru Altine</a> its first mayor.<a href="#cite_note-nigpolitic-25">[25]</a> After four years passed, Nigeria gained its independence in 1960. On 27 May 1967 the Nigerian government divided the <a href="/wiki/Western_Region,_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Region, Nigeria">Western</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Nigeria">Northern</a> and Eastern Region into 12 states<a href="#cite_note-date-34">[34]</a> and Enugu was made the capital of the new East Central State.<a href="#cite_note-town-1">[1]</a> On 30 May 1967 Enugu was declared the capital of the short-lived <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Biafra" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Biafra">Republic of Biafra</a>, the latter created out of the eastern Nigerian states of <a href="/wiki/East_Central_State" title="East Central State">East Central</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cross_River_State" title="Cross River State">Cross River</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rivers_State" title="Rivers State">Rivers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Biafra was declared by Ojukwu because of Eastern Nigeria after their members were attacked injured and killed in a series of ethnic attacks launched by some other ethnic groups in other parts of the country following the first military coup executed by mostly Igbo Officers, in which top northern Nigerian leaders among others were assassinated. The main rivals of the mostly Igbo Eastern Nigerians were the <a href="/wiki/Hausa_people" title="Hausa people">Hausa</a>/<a href="/wiki/Fula_people" title="Fula people">Fulani</a> people of Northern Nigeria.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> A northern headed war on the secession (1967—1970) and continuous attacks on the Igbos in other part of Nigeria lead<a href="#cite_note-cap-2">[2]</a> Igbos from northern and western Nigeria to return to their "native" areas in eastern Nigeria and Enugu became a destination. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Biafra" title="Radio Biafra">Radio Biafra</a>, alternatively the Voice of Biafra (formerly the Eastern Nigerian Broadcasting Service), was based in Enugu;<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> it was from here that the Biafran leader, <a href="/wiki/Chukwuemeka_Odumegwu_Ojukwu" title="Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu">Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu</a>, broadcast speeches and propaganda to Biafrans and Nigeria.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Because of the war, Enugu witnessed a decrease in the number of non-Igbo, specifically non-eastern Nigerian residents.<a href="#cite_note-history-14">[14]</a> On 4 October 1967 the Nigerian military bombarded Enugu with artillery just outside its boundaries before <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Enugu" title="Fall of Enugu">capturing it</a> a week later, shortly after this <a href="/wiki/Umuahia" title="Umuahia">Umuahia</a> became the new capital of the republic.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Years after the Republic of Biafra reverted to Nigeria, Enugu is still regarded as the "Capital of Igboland".<a href="#cite_note-cap-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-minahan-42">[42]</a> Enugu resumed in 1970 as the capital of the East Central State after the republic was dissolved. On 3 February 1976 the East Central State was made into two new states, <a href="/wiki/Imo_State" title="Imo State">Imo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anambra_State" title="Anambra State">Anambra</a>; there were then 19 states in Nigeria;<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Enugu was the capital of Anambra. On 27 August 1991 the military dictatorship of <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Babangida" title="Ibrahim Babangida">Ibrahim Babangida</a> divided the old Anambra State into two new states, Enugu State and Anambra State.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Enugu remained as the capital of the newly created Enugu State, while <a href="/wiki/Awka" title="Awka">Awka</a> became the capital of the new Anambra State.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enugu&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Nigeria" title="Geography of Nigeria">Geography of Nigeria</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topography">Topography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enugu&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Topography">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Enugu_satellite_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A satellite image of Enugu and other towns that surround it with rivers and hills visible" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Enugu_satellite_map.jpg/220px-Enugu_satellite_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Enugu_satellite_map.jpg/330px-Enugu_satellite_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Enugu_satellite_map.jpg/440px-Enugu_satellite_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="956" /></a><figcaption>Satellite image of Enugu and other communities neighbouring it. The Enugu escarpment can be seen on the left where it has a lighter colour; the Nyaba River can be seen on the bottom.</figcaption></figure> Despite its name meaning hill top in the Igbo language,<a href="#cite_note-town-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-cap-2">[2]</a> Enugu lies at the foot of an <a href="/wiki/Escarpment" title="Escarpment">escarpment</a> and not a hill.<a href="#cite_note-coal-24">[24]</a> Enugu is located in the <a href="/wiki/Cross_River_(Nigeria)" title="Cross River (Nigeria)">Cross River</a> basin<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Benue_trough" class="mw-redirect" title="Benue trough">Benue trough</a> and has the best developed coal in this area.<a href="#cite_note-wrightcoal-47">[47]</a> <a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">Precambrian</a> basement rock in this region is overlaid with sediments bearing coal from the <a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">Cretaceous</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tertiary" title="Tertiary">Tertiary</a> age.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Coal seams in the Enugu coal district measure between 1 and 2 metres (3.3 and 6.6 ft) in thickness and the reserves have been estimated to be more than 300 million tones.<a href="#cite_note-wrightcoal-47">[47]</a> Enugu's hills at the extreme may reach an elevation of 1,000 metres (3,300 ft). Highlands surrounding Enugu for the most part are underlain by sandstone, while lowlands are underlain by <a href="/wiki/Shale" title="Shale">shale</a>. Much of the escarpment stretching from Enugu to <a href="/wiki/Orlu,_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Orlu, Nigeria">Orlu</a> has been ravaged by soil and gully erosion.<a href="#cite_note-geo-49">[49]</a> Other geological features in Enugu include the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nike_Lake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nike Lake (page does not exist)">Nike Lake</a> near which the Nike Lake Resort has been built.<a href="#cite_note-cap-2">[2]</a> The <a href="/wiki/River_Ekulu" class="mw-redirect" title="River Ekulu">Ekulu</a>, Asata, Ogbete, Aria, Idaw and Nyaba rivers are the six largest rivers located in the city.<a href="#cite_note-unipop-50">[50]</a> The Ekulu River is the largest body of water in Enugu urban<a href="#cite_note-ekulu-51">[51]</a> and its reservoir contributes to part of the city's domestic water supply.<a href="#cite_note-geo-49">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water">Water</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enugu&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Water">edit</a>]</div> Water, until recently, was a scarce resource in Enugu. Drilling of borehole in the city is usually an exercise in futility because of the geological formation which has coal large deposits of coal underground. The residents got water by buying from commercial water tanker drivers, digging water wells and harvesting and storing rain water. However, the Enugu State government under the Peter Mbah administration in November 2023 completed a major water scheme at 9th Mile Corner Ngwo, increasing the daily water production from an occasional 2 liters to 70 million liters, with the Oji River water scheme expected to add another 50 liters daily, bringing the total to 120 million liters daily. Reticulation of water to the various buildings remains a challenge, though being continuously addressed by the administration, as aged asbestos pipes are being replaced with modern ductile pipes.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enugu&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> Enugu is located in a tropical rain forest zone with a derived savannah.<a href="#cite_note-climate1-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-climate2-54">[54]</a> The city has a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_savanna_climate" title="Tropical savanna climate">tropical savanna climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: Aw). Enugu's climate is humid, and this humidity is at its highest between March and November.<a href="#cite_note-climate2-54">[54]</a> For the whole of Enugu State the mean daily temperature is 27 °C (81 °F).<a href="#cite_note-climate1-53">[53]</a> As in the rest of West Africa, the <a href="/wiki/Wet_season" title="Wet season">rainy season</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dry_season" title="Dry season">dry season</a> are the only weather periods that recur in Enugu. The average annual rainfall in Enugu is around 2,000 millimetres (79 in), which arrives intermittently and becomes very heavy during the rainy season.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> Other weather conditions affecting the city include <a href="/wiki/Harmattan" title="Harmattan">Harmattan</a>, a dusty <a href="/wiki/Trade_wind" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade wind">trade wind</a> lasting a few weeks of December and January.<a href="#cite_note-coal2-56">[56]</a> Like the rest of Nigeria, Enugu is hot all year round. <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Enugu </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40 (104) </td> <td style="background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42 (108) </td> <td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41 (106) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40 (104) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37 (99) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36 (97) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35 (95) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35 (95) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36 (97) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36 (97) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37 (99) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38 (100) </td> <td style="background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">42 (108) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35 (95) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36 (97) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35 (95) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34 (93) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32 (90) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29 (84) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28 (82) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27 (81) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28 (82) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30 (86) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32 (90) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34 (93) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">32 (90) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30 (86) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31 (88) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31 (88) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30 (86) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29 (84) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27 (81) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25 (77) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25 (77) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26 (79) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27 (81) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29 (84) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30 (86) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">28 (82) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21 (70) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24 (75) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26 (79) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25 (77) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25 (77) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24 (75) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22 (72) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22 (72) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23 (73) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22 (72) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22 (72) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21 (70) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">24 (75) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16 (61) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20 (68) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23 (73) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22 (72) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21 (70) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19 (66) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20 (68) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20 (68) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18 (64) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20 (68) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18 (64) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17 (63) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">16 (61) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #EAFFEA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14 (0.6) </td> <td style="background: #D9FFD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23 (0.9) </td> <td style="background: #96FF96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70 (2.8) </td> <td style="background: #36FF36; color:#000000;" class="notheme">130 (5.1) </td> <td style="background: #00BA00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">217 (8.5) </td> <td style="background: #007900; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">252 (9.9) </td> <td style="background: #009600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">241 (9.5) </td> <td style="background: #009C00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">237 (9.3) </td> <td style="background: #003C00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">292 (11.5) </td> <td style="background: #00D200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">201 (7.9) </td> <td style="background: #ECFFEC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12 (0.5) </td> <td style="background: #F3FFF3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8 (0.3) </td> <td style="background: #28FF28; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,695 (66.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) </th> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #3333FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16 </td> <td style="background: #4545FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #1919FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18 </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #9494FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">102 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) (at 15:00 <a href="/wiki/Standard_time" title="Standard time">LST</a>) </th> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34 </td> <td style="background: #7171FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37 </td> <td style="background: #4F4FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">46 </td> <td style="background: #2828FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">56 </td> <td style="background: #0A0AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0202FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66 </td> <td style="background: #3B3BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">51 </td> <td style="background: #6969FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39 </td> <td style="background: #2828FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">56 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">186 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">174 </td> <td style="background: #D2D200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">182 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">183 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">186 </td> <td style="background: #C7C700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">153 </td> <td style="background: #B5B565; color:#000000;" class="notheme">118 </td> <td style="background: #B4B468; color:#000000;" class="notheme">117 </td> <td style="background: #B9B94C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">123 </td> <td style="background: #CECE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">173 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">219 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">217 </td> <td style="background: #CECE00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,032 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #C7C700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #B8B850; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #B8B850; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #B8B850; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: NOAA<a href="#cite_note-NOAA-57">[57]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Wetterdienst" title="Deutscher Wetterdienst">Deutscher Wetterdienst</a> (extremes)<a href="#cite_note-DWD-58">[58]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cityscape_and_architecture">Cityscape and architecture</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enugu&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Cityscape and architecture">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Enugu_GRA_golf_estate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Enugu_GRA_golf_estate.jpg/220px-Enugu_GRA_golf_estate.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Enugu_GRA_golf_estate.jpg/330px-Enugu_GRA_golf_estate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Enugu_GRA_golf_estate.jpg/440px-Enugu_GRA_golf_estate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1079" data-file-height="1344" /></a><figcaption>GRA <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Enugu</a> overlooking estates near Enugu Golf Course</figcaption></figure> The tallest building in Enugu's Central Business District (CBD) is the African Continental Bank (ACB) tower with six stories.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> The tower was built in the late 50s for the African Continental Bank Limited which was founded by <a href="/wiki/Nnamdi_Azikiwe" title="Nnamdi Azikiwe">Nnamdi Azikiwe</a> who became the first president of Nigeria after the country's independence from the United Kingdom in October 1960.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> The opening of the building took place on 30 April 1959.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> Other tall buildings include the Hotel Presidential opened in August 1963. The seven-story building contains 100 rooms and is located in the Independence Layout. Hotel Presidential cost <a href="/wiki/United_States_Dollars" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Dollars">$</a>2.5 million to build and was commissioned by the government of what was then the Eastern Region to serve visiting businessmen, officials and tourists.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> In the middle of Enugu is the Michael Okpara Square, dedicated to the premier of the former Eastern Region <a href="/wiki/Michael_Okpara" title="Michael Okpara">Michael Okpara</a>. Beside the square is located the Enugu State Government House, Enugu State House of Assembly and Enugu State Judiciary Complex.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Enugu's coal mines are dotted around on the outskirts of the city, a majority of which are closed. The Colliery Camp mines are located in the Iva Valley which is near the neighboring town of <a href="/wiki/Ngwo" title="Ngwo">Ngwo</a> and the Hilltop of Enugu.<a href="#cite_note-townhist-20">[20]</a> The Iva Valley coal mine is accessed through the Iva Valley road linking Enugu with Ngwo.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> Other coal mines are located in the Ogbete and Coal Camp layouts; these mines are located on the periphery of the city near the Iva Valley as well.<a href="#cite_note-townhist-20">[20]</a> Architectural design in Enugu's early years was in the hands of the British colonial administration; Enugu's architecture was consequently very European. English cottage housing and <a href="/wiki/Victorian_architecture" title="Victorian architecture">Victorian houses</a> were used for housing Europeans and Nigerian colonial civil servants in the early 20th  century until Europeans started trying to adapt their architecture to the tropical climate.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Some other examples of these European styles are visible in churches of the colonial era, such as the Holy Ghost Cathedral with its <a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_world" title="Greco-Roman world">Greco-Roman</a> stained glass windows depicting Europeans. Enugu's roads were reflective of its British rule; much of the city's narrow roads in the GRA have been preserved dating back to the incorporation of the city itself.<a href="#cite_note-football2-66">[66]</a> Low rent one bedroom flats in Enugu and other Nigerian cities are known as "<a href="/wiki/Face-me-I-face-you" title="Face-me-I-face-you">face-me-I-face-you</a>" for the way a group of flats face each other and form a square where a compound entrance is led into.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enugu&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Government">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Nigeria" title="Politics of Nigeria">Politics of Nigeria</a></div> Enugu city covers three <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Areas_of_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Local Government Areas of Nigeria">local government areas</a>: <a href="/wiki/Enugu_East" title="Enugu East">Enugu East</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enugu_North" title="Enugu North">Enugu North</a> and <a href="/wiki/Enugu_South" title="Enugu South">Enugu South</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bostic-69">[69]</a> A Local Government Council exists for each of these seats that manages sectors including primary education and health; an elected Executive Chairman and a group of elected Councilors form the Local Government Council that heads each Local Government Area.<a href="#cite_note-gov2004-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-LGAgov-71">[71]</a> Enugu South is split between its rural and urban parts when electing an Executive Chairman. The Executive Chairmen include Paul Ogbe for Enugu South Urban, Theresa Egbo for Enugu South Rural, Emma Onoh for Enugu North, and Christopher Ugwu for Enugu East; these chairmen represent their LGA's in the Enugu State House of Assembly.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> The Ministry of Lands, Survey and Town Planning (at the state level) and the Local Planning Authority (at the local government level) are responsible for the administration of urban lands and town planning.<a href="#cite_note-gov2004-70">[70]</a> Government House, Enugu is where the government of the state is based. On the federal level, the city of Enugu is split between two congressional areas; Enugu North/South represented by Chukwuegbo Ofor and Enugu East represented by Gilbert Nnaji; both representatives are in the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Democratic_Party_(Nigeria)" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)">People's Democratic Party</a> (PDP) as his excellency Peter Mbah ]], the governor of Enugu State.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enugu&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Nigeria" title="Demographics of Nigeria">Demographics of Nigeria</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Population growth of Enugu</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:auto">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1921 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,170<a href="#cite_note-unipop-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-pophist-74">[74]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1931 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">12,959<a href="#cite_note-pophist-74">[74]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1953 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">62,764<a href="#cite_note-unipop-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-pophist-74">[74]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1963 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">138,457<a href="#cite_note-unipop-50">[50]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1982 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">349,873<a href="#cite_note-unipop-50">[50]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1983 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">367,567<a href="#cite_note-unipop-50">[50]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1984 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">385,735<a href="#cite_note-unipop-50">[50]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1987 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">446,535<a href="#cite_note-unipop-50">[50]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1991 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">407,756<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 2002 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">595,000<a href="#cite_note-minahan-42">[42]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2006 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">722,664<a href="#cite_note-Enugu_population-76">[76]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> According to the 2006 Nigerian census, the Enugu metropolitan area has an estimated population of 722,664.<a href="#cite_note-Enugu_population-76">[76]</a> This estimate along with population estimates of other Nigerian cities have been disputed with accusations of population inflation and deflation in favour of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Nigeria">northern part of the country</a>.<a href="#cite_note-popdispute-77">[77]</a> The population of Enugu is predominantly Christian,<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> as is the rest of southeastern Nigeria.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Like the rest of Nigeria most people in Enugu speak <a href="/wiki/Nigerian_English" title="Nigerian English">Nigerian English</a> alongside the dominant language in the region.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> In this case the dominant language is <a href="/wiki/Igbo_language" title="Igbo language">Igbo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> Nigerian English, or pidgin (a mix of English and indigenous words) is often used because of ethnic diversity and sometimes because of the diversity of dialects in the Igbo language.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> In cultural and linguistic terms Enugu is within the Northern cluster of the Igbo region which includes other towns such as <a href="/wiki/Owo,_Enugu" title="Owo, Enugu">Owo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nike_Community" title="Nike Community">Nike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agbani" title="Agbani">Agbani</a>, and cities like <a href="/wiki/Awka" title="Awka">Awka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nsukka" title="Nsukka">Nsukka</a>.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> The indigenous people of Enugu include Enugwu-Ngwo people who live on the aged Hill-Top plain towards the Milliken Hills on the west, with their farm lands sprawling all over the valley, the Ogui Nike who live in the areas surrounding Hotel Presidential, Obiagu, Ama-Igbo, Ihewuzi and Onu-Asata. Other groups include the Awkunanaw people, who live mainly in the Achara Layout and Uwani areas. Other Nike people live around the Abakpa, Iji-Nike, and Emene areas of the city.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> Most of the non-indigenous people of Enugu are migrants from other parts of the <a href="/wiki/Igboland" title="Igboland">Igbo cultural area</a>. After the majority Igbo, the <a href="/wiki/Yoruba_people" title="Yoruba people">Yoruba people</a> are another significant ethnic group found present in Enugu; other groups include the <a href="/wiki/Hausa_people" title="Hausa people">Hausa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanuri_people" title="Kanuri people">Kanuri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ijaw_people" title="Ijaw people">Ijaw</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fula_people" title="Fula people">Fulani people</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crime">Crime</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enugu&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Crime">edit</a>]</div> Enugu's crime rate rose in 2009 as kidnapping and armed robbery rates increased in southeastern Nigeria specifically between September and December.<a href="#cite_note-crimestat-88">[88]</a> The Enugu State government sought to check the high kidnapping rates by passing a bill in February 2009 that made kidnapping by the use of a weapon a <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Capital punishment">capital offence</a>; the bill was passed by the Enugu House of Assembly unanimously.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> 1,088 arrests were made in the city between September and December 2009; 270 of these were in September, 303 were in October, 295 in November and 220 were in December. 477 of these detainees were accused of committing capital offences which included kidnapping.<a href="#cite_note-crimestat-88">[88]</a> The motives of kidnappers in Enugu are primarily financial and some ransoms went into the millions of <a href="/wiki/Nigerian_naira" title="Nigerian naira">Naira</a>. The Chief Press Secretary to the Governor of Enugu State, Dan Nwomeh, had his ransom set as high as ₦500 million (3.3 million <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US Dollars</a> As of 26 June 2010<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enugu&action=edit">[update]</a>),<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> dropping to ₦200 million and then ₦50 million before he was released without a ransom being paid because of the refusal of the government to negotiate with the kidnappers. Much of the crime in Enugu and the rest of Nigeria has been attributed to unemployment.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enugu&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Nigeria" title="Culture of Nigeria">Culture of Nigeria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Igbo_culture" title="Igbo culture">Igbo culture</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External image</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="image icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/24px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/32px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/media/images/45857000/jpg/_45857165_masq_masqs_766.jpg">Enugu's Mmanwu masquerades in full costume</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> As a Northern Igbo city, Enugu shares cultural traits with its neighbouring towns. Two important Igbo traditional festivals take place in Enugu annually; the <a href="/wiki/Mmanwu" title="Mmanwu">Mmanwu</a> festival and the <a href="/wiki/New_Yam_Festival_of_the_Igbo" title="New Yam Festival of the Igbo">New yam festival</a>. The Mmanwu festival takes place in November and features various types of masquerades that each have a name. This festival is held at the <a href="/wiki/Nnamdi_Azikiwe_Stadium" title="Nnamdi Azikiwe Stadium">Nnamdi Azikiwe Stadium</a> as a parade of carnival-like masquerades that are accompanied by music and it is supported by the Enugu Council of Arts and Culture.<a href="#cite_note-tour-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-Maskyam-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-enugumask-95">[95]</a> The second important Igbo festival, the New yam festival known as 'iwa ji', is held between August and October marking the harvesting and feasting of the new yam. The yam is a root vegetable that is the staple crop and a cultural symbol for the Igbo people.<a href="#cite_note-tour-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-Maskyam-94">[94]</a> Recently created festivals include the Enugu Festival of Arts which is managed by the Enugu Council of Arts and Culture. The festival highlights African culture and traditions and it is here that the Enugu Council of Arts and Culture included the Mmanwu parade as part of the events. The Enugu Festival of Arts was started in 1986; it has modernised the Mmanwu festival by transferring it from its traditional village surroundings to the urban setting of Enugu.<a href="#cite_note-enugumask-95">[95]</a> <a href="/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales" title="Diana, Princess of Wales">Diana, Princess of Wales</a> was a notable spectator of Enugu's cultural shows when she visited the city in 1990.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> visitors to the city can enjoy a wide variety of the cities native delicacies especially its Famous Okpa "Okpa Enugu", Abacha a local delicacy made from cassava "African salad" fiofio, nkwobi and host of other delicacies like Nkwobi, pepper soup. The tourism industry in Enugu, managed by the Enugu State Tourism Board (ESTB), is small; however, the state government recognises a variety of historic and recreational sites. These sites include places like the Udi Hills, from which the majority of Enugu city can be viewed.The Nike lake Resort in the outskirt of the city, the famous <a href="/wiki/Iva_Valley" title="Iva Valley">Iva Valley</a> which served as residential quarters for European workers managing the Coal Mining activities. The Polo amusement park is a <a href="/wiki/Funfair" class="mw-redirect" title="Funfair">funfair</a> that is among the first generation of public parks in the city;<a href="#cite_note-tour-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> other parks in the city include the Murtala Muhammed Park.<a href="#cite_note-roughguide-98">[98]</a> Enugu's former coal mines, Onyeama and Okpara, are open to public visits.<a href="#cite_note-tour-93">[93]</a> Some other spots include: The Institute of Management and Technology (IMT) Sculptural Garden and Art Gallery, the Eastern Region Parliamentary Building, the Old Government Lodge,<a href="#cite_note-tour-93">[93]</a> and Enugu Golf course. Enugu Zoo is another attraction in the city. It is divided into the botanical garden and the zoological section.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> A National Museum is located near Enugu at its north, although it receives few visitors.<a href="#cite_note-cap-2">[2]</a> It is managed by National Commission for Museums and Monuments (NCMM). Other galleries include the Bona Gallery.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Entertainment">Entertainment</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enugu&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Entertainment">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enugu&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Music">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nigeria" title="Music of Nigeria">Music of Nigeria</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flavour_N%27abania.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Image of musician Flavour" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flavour_N%27abania.jpg/220px-Flavour_N%27abania.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flavour_N%27abania.jpg/330px-Flavour_N%27abania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flavour_N%27abania.jpg/440px-Flavour_N%27abania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="683" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Flavour_N%27abania" class="mw-redirect" title="Flavour N'abania">Flavour N'abania</a> at the <a href="/wiki/2014_Africa_Magic_Viewers_Choice_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards">2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards</a></figcaption></figure> Enugu became an important centre for <a href="/wiki/Highlife_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Highlife music">Highlife music</a> in Nigeria in the 1950s. The Igbo dominated version of the genre grew out of earlier "Igbo <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a>" or "<a href="/wiki/Palm-wine_music" title="Palm-wine music">palm wine music</a>" and further spread in popularity to the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Cameroons" title="Southern Cameroons">Southern Cameroons</a> where Enugu had considerable influence in arts and culture in towns such as <a href="/wiki/Limbe,_Cameroon" class="mw-redirect" title="Limbe, Cameroon">Limbe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiko" title="Tiko">Tiko</a> and <a href="/wiki/Douala" title="Douala">Douala</a>.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> Some prominent musicians with origins in Enugu include <a href="/wiki/Sonny_Okosun" title="Sonny Okosun">Sonny Okosun</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Afrobeat" title="Afrobeat">afrobeat</a> musician who was born and raised in Enugu and joined his first band The Postmen that was based in the city in 1965;<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> Celestine Ukwu joined Michael Ejeagha's Enugu based Paradise Rhythm Orchestra in 1962 before creating his own band<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> and had a recreational club in the city after the Nigeria Civil War;<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> other musicians include <a href="/wiki/2Face_Idibia" class="mw-redirect" title="2Face Idibia">2Face Idibia</a>; a <a href="/wiki/Nigerian_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigerian hip hop">Hip hop</a>/<a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">R&B</a> musician who partly grew up and studied music in the city.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> Other notable musicians originating from Enugu include <a href="/wiki/Igbo_rap" title="Igbo rap">rapper</a> <a href="/wiki/Phyno" title="Phyno">Phyno</a>, Slowdog, <a href="/wiki/William_Onyeabor" title="William Onyeabor">William Onyeabor</a>, and highlife musician <a href="/wiki/Flavour_N%27abania" class="mw-redirect" title="Flavour N'abania">Flavour N'abania</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media_and_literature">Media and literature</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enugu&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Media and literature">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Media_of_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Nigeria">Media of Nigeria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nigerian_literature" title="Nigerian literature">Nigerian literature</a></div> English-language newspapers published and sold in Enugu include the Daily Star, Evening Star, The Renaissance and New Renaissance.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> One of the earliest newspapers published in Enugu was the Eastern Sentinel published by Nnamdi Azikiwe's Zik Group in 1955, but failed in 1960.<a href="#cite_note-nigpolitic-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Among the city's television and radio stations are the <a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Television_Authority" title="Nigerian Television Authority">Nigerian Television Authority</a>'s network affiliate (NTA Enugu) headquarters located at Independence Layout, Afia Tv located at Coal City Garden Estate, Voice of the East Tv and the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Radio_Corporation_of_Nigeria" title="Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria">Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria</a> (FRCN) network affiliate station (Radio Enugu) which broadcasts in English, <a href="/wiki/Igbo_language" title="Igbo language">Igbo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ibibio_language" title="Ibibio language">Efik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ijo_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Ijo languages">Ijaw</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tiv_language" title="Tiv language">Tiv</a>.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> Enugu State Broadcasting Service Television (ESBS-TV) is a state owned television broadcasting company which offers 18 hours of continuous broadcasting on weekends.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> Enugu, after <a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a> is the preferred city for shooting <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Nigeria" title="Cinema of Nigeria">films in Nigeria</a> and a film production centre in the East.<a href="#cite_note-nolly-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> In 2007, Enugu hosted the first-ever film festival in the state, the Enugu International Film Festival. Held at Hotel Presidential, the festival's intent was to highlight Enugu as a "film making hub" in Africa including movie premiers and prizes for different film categories.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> Life In My City Art Festival was established in 2007 as an annual celebration of creativity, showcasing the work of young talents in Nigeria's art landscape.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> The festival culminates in a Grand Finale, featuring selected works of art from youth across the country, chosen from over 600 pieces exhibited annually in 11 different exhibition centers across Nigeria. In 2012, the festival was registered as a Trusteeship under the name Life In My City Art Initiative. The festival hosts a range of events, including a visual art competition, a pan-African photography contest known as Photo Africa, workshops for schoolchildren and art teachers, a multimedia workshop, and the Award and Gala Night.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> It has become one of the largest art events in Nigeria, bringing together young artists, patrons, scholars, gallery owners, and other stakeholders in the visual arts sector. Every year, over 3 million naira in prizes are awarded, making it one of the most prestigious and supportive platform for young Nigerian artists. Crater Literary Festival is an annual literary event founded in 2017 by Adachukwu Onwudiwe with its inaugural edition themed "Life in My City". Held in Enugu, Eastern Nigeria, the festival gathers writers, readers, publishers, artists, and art enthusiasts to celebrate Nigerian literature and the arts.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a>On 1st November 2024, the Enugu Photo Festival held its first edition with the theme "Shades of Coal - Revisiting Time".<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> Established in 2023 by the Enugu Photo Community led by Chidera Ifeakanwa Sam-Eze, the Enugu Photo Festival aims to preserve and promote the rich history and culture of Enugu and Eastern Nigeria through visual storytelling. Each year, the festival adopts a unique theme, with the 2024 theme, "Shades of Coal - Revisiting Time", commemorating Enugu's coal mining legacy and the 75th anniversary of the Iva Valley Coal Miners Massacre. The festival not only serves as a platform for local artists but also attracts cultural tourism, shedding light on societal issues and fostering conversations around Eastern Nigeria's heritage. Some of Nigeria's well-known writers were born and have lived in the city of Enugu. <a href="/wiki/Chinua_Achebe" title="Chinua Achebe">Chinua Achebe</a>, writer of <a href="/wiki/Things_Fall_Apart" title="Things Fall Apart">Things Fall Apart</a> lived in Enugu in 1958, the year the book was published.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> He again moved to the city during the Nigerian Civil War after escaping <a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a> with his family. It was at this time that he met and became friends with Nigerian poet <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Okigbo#Legacy" title="Christopher Okigbo">Christopher Okigbo</a> where they started the publishing house <a href="/wiki/Citadel_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Citadel Press">Citadel Press</a>, among its titles How the Dog was Domesticated and How the Leopard Got His Claws.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> Okigbo lived in Enugu during the early months of the Nigerian Civil War. His home in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hilltop,_Nigeria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hilltop, Nigeria (page does not exist)">Hilltop</a> contained many of his unpublished writings which were mostly destroyed by bombing early in the war.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chimamanda_Ngozi_Adichie" title="Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie">Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie</a>, writer of <a href="/wiki/Half_of_a_Yellow_Sun" title="Half of a Yellow Sun">Half of a Yellow Sun</a>, a winner of the <a href="/wiki/Orange_Prize_for_Fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Orange Prize for Fiction">Orange Prize for Fiction</a> in 2007,<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> was born in Enugu in 1977 and grew up in Nsukka.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enugu&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sports">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Enugu_Rangers" class="mw-redirect" title="Enugu Rangers">Enugu Rangers</a>, a first-division professional league <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">association football</a> team, is Enugu's home team that plays in the <a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Premier_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigerian Premier League">Nigerian Premier League</a> and are based in the <a href="/wiki/Nnamdi_Azikiwe_Stadium" title="Nnamdi Azikiwe Stadium">Nnamdi Azikiwe Stadium</a>. Former Rangers players include <a href="/wiki/Jay-Jay_Okocha" title="Jay-Jay Okocha">Jay-Jay Okocha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taribo_West" title="Taribo West">Taribo West</a>.<a href="#cite_note-u17-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-football-127">[127]</a> Enugu's main sports centre is the Nnamdi Azikiwe Stadium, named after Nnamdi Azikiwe, the first president of Nigeria. The stadium remained the centre of sports for the whole of the Eastern Region until the <a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Civil_War" title="Nigerian Civil War">Nigerian Civil War</a> broke out. At the war's end the stadium was refurbished.<a href="#cite_note-football-127">[127]</a> Enugu was a host for the <a href="/wiki/2009_FIFA_U-17_World_Cup" title="2009 FIFA U-17 World Cup">2009 FIFA U-17 World Cup</a> games (24 October – 15 November) alongside <a href="/wiki/Calabar" title="Calabar">Calabar</a> and five other Nigerian cities with matches taking place at the Nnamdi Azikiwe Stadium.<a href="#cite_note-u17-126">[126]</a> Its hosting of the FIFA U-17 World Cup benefited Enugu through the renovation of the Nnamdi Azikiwe Stadium, having had such things as a new artificial surface laid.<a href="#cite_note-u17-126">[126]</a> City's Top flight Football Team <a href="/wiki/Enugu_Rangers" class="mw-redirect" title="Enugu Rangers">Enugu Rangers</a> won the Nigerian Professional Football League in 2016. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enugu&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Nigeria" title="Economy of Nigeria">Economy of Nigeria</a></div> Nicknamed the Coal City,<a href="#cite_note-town-1">[1]</a> Enugu's economy in the early 20th century depended on coal mining in the <a href="/wiki/Udi-Nsukka_Plateau" title="Udi-Nsukka Plateau">Udi plateau</a>; this industry was the pushing force towards the city's growth.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Coal_Corporation" title="Nigerian Coal Corporation">Nigerian Coal Corporation</a> has been based in Enugu since its creation in 1950 where it controlled coal mining.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> With the creation of the Eastern Line, Enugu was connected with the sea via Port Harcourt to its south and later connected to the city of <a href="/wiki/Kaduna" title="Kaduna">Kaduna</a> to Enugu's north.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> The Nigerian Civil War brought widespread devastation that forced a decline in coal production from damage or destruction of equipment. As of 2005<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enugu&action=edit">[update]</a> coal mining is no longer the major source of income and mines lay unused.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> Other minerals mined in Enugu include iron ore, limestone, fine clay, marble, and <a href="/wiki/Silicon_dioxide" title="Silicon dioxide">silica sand</a>.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> In Enugu most goods are sold in open markets or by <a href="/wiki/Hawker_(trade)" title="Hawker (trade)">street hawkers</a>; a significant number of street hawkers in Nigeria are children. As of 2003<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enugu&action=edit">[update]</a>, around 44 under-16-year-olds (equally boys and girls) hawk on every street on every hour in Enugu.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> There are three main urban markets in Enugu: Ogbete Market, Awkunanaw Market and New Market. New Market is a major market for the sale of <a href="/wiki/Garri" title="Garri">garri</a>.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> Ogbete market is patronised by merchants from all over the surrounding area, including merchants from cities like <a href="/wiki/Onitsha" title="Onitsha">Onitsha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aguleri" title="Aguleri">Aguleri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abakaliki" title="Abakaliki">Abakaliki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aba,_Abia" class="mw-redirect" title="Aba, Abia">Aba</a>. In Ogebete market non-food goods are also sold.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> Brewing and soft-drink bottling are among other industries in the city; there is also a <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz" title="Mercedes-Benz">Mercedes</a> assembly plant<a href="#cite_note-roughguide-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> as well as the production and manufacturing of machinery, pottery, tiles, steel, cement, asbestos, petroleum, and pharmaceuticals.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> For a period of time <a href="/wiki/Sosoliso_Airlines" title="Sosoliso Airlines">Sosoliso Airlines</a> had its head office on the grounds of Akanu Ibiam International Airport in Enugu.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> The former Eastern Region was once famed for producing half the world's total output of <a href="/wiki/Oil_palm" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil palm">palm kernels</a>.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> Since the Nigerian Civil War production has markedly declined largely because the plantations and processing equipment were either damaged or destroyed.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> The production of other important <a href="/wiki/Cash_crop" title="Cash crop">cash crops</a> such as cocoa, <a href="/wiki/Peanut" title="Peanut">groundnut</a> and groundnut oil, rubber, <a href="/wiki/Cassava" title="Cassava">cassava</a>, cotton and cotton seed and timber tumbled after the civil war and the subsequent oil boom years.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> Consequently, the area called Enugu State as well as the rest of Nigeria, which was once a self-sufficient net exporter in agricultural produce, must import food.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enugu&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Nigeria" title="Education in Nigeria">Education in Nigeria</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Enuguseminar2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An image of a seated crowd of students at a seminar in Enugu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Enuguseminar2006.jpg/220px-Enuguseminar2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Enuguseminar2006.jpg/330px-Enuguseminar2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Enuguseminar2006.jpg/440px-Enuguseminar2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="318" /></a><figcaption>Students at a seminar in Enugu</figcaption></figure> Enugu has three main tertiary institutions: the <a href="/wiki/Enugu_State_University_of_Science_%26_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Enugu State University of Science & Technology">Enugu State University of Science & Technology</a> (ESUT); the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nigeria" title="University of Nigeria">University of Nigeria</a>, Nsukka Campus (UNN)and Enugu Campus (UNEC); and the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Management_and_Technology,_Enugu" title="Institute of Management and Technology, Enugu">Institute of Management and Technology</a> (IMT). Another notable tertiary institution in Enugu State is the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Cooperative_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federal Cooperative College (page does not exist)">Federal Cooperative College</a>, Oji River (FCCO). <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Okoye_University" title="Godfrey Okoye University">Godfrey Okoye University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caritas_University" title="Caritas University">Caritas University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_University" title="Renaissance University">Renaissance University</a>, Coal City university, <a href="/wiki/Novena_University" title="Novena University">Novena University</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ebs.esut.edu.ng/">Esut Business School.</a> The city is also home to <a href="/wiki/Our_Saviour_Institute_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Our Saviour Institute of Science and Technology">Our Saviour Institute of Science and Technology</a>, a polytechnic, Marist Polytechnic <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://maristpoly.edu.ng/">[1]</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bigardenugu.org/">Bigard Memorial Seminary.</a> Some notable secondary schools in Enugu include the College of the Immaculate Conception (CIC) built in 1940, <a href="/wiki/Holy_Rosary_College,_Enugu" title="Holy Rosary College, Enugu">Holy Rosary College</a> (HRC) built in 1943, Daughters of Divine Love (DDL)<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> Colliery Comprehensive Secondary school, Queen's Secondary School, <a href="/wiki/Federal_Government_College_Enugu" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Government College Enugu">Federal Government College</a>, Royal Crown Academy, Nsukka and the University of Nigeria Secondary school. University Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Enugu, under the university of Nigeria, is another university located in the city.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Healthcare">Healthcare</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enugu&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Healthcare">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Health_care_in_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Health care in Nigeria">Health care in Nigeria</a></div> In Enugu, health care services can be obtained at several institutions including the ESUT (Enugu State University of Science and Technology) Teaching Hospital; University of Nigeria, Enugu, Teaching Hospital; Park Lane General Hospital in the GRA; PMC (Peenok Medical Center) located on Ziks Avenue in Uwani; Hansa Clinic on Awolowo Street in Uwani; Niger Foundation Hospital and Diagnostic Centre on Presidential Close in the Independence Layout; and the Ntasi Obi Ndi no n'Afufu Hospital organization located on Enuguabor Street in the Trans-Ekulu layout, among others.<a href="#cite_note-businessdir-145">[145]</a> Some of the specialist hospitals in Enugu include the Psychiatric Hospital Enugu and the National Orthopaedic Hospital Enugu (NOHE).<a href="#cite_note-hospenugu-146">[146]</a> Many of the hospitals in Enugu are privately run. The UNTH and the National Orthopaedic Hospital are among some of the government controlled hospitals in the city.<a href="#cite_note-hospenugu-146">[146]</a> The medical equipment for the UNTH was upgraded in 2009 as well as parts of the hospital which were renovated in the same year. Most hospitals in the city suffer from a poor standard of medical facilities available to them;<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> many of the city's citizens travel abroad for medical care.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> However, hospitals have been aided by foreign organisations and by Enugu's community at home and abroad who have donated medicine and other medical equipment.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> The most developed government hospital in Enugu is the Park Lane Hospital.<a href="#cite_note-hospenugu-146">[146]</a> The governor has said that the state has bought some ambulance service vehicles in March 2010.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> Enugu State has established free medical care for pregnant women and for all children under 5 years of age in the state. The child healthcare programme, founded under the District Health System (DHS), was added to the states 2008 budget.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> Enugu State has a <a href="/wiki/HIV" title="HIV">HIV</a>/<a href="/wiki/AIDS" class="mw-redirect" title="AIDS">AIDS</a> prevalence of 6.5%, one of the highest in the country.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enugu&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Transport">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Nigeria" title="Transport in Nigeria">Transport in Nigeria</a></div> Enugu is located on the <a href="/wiki/Narrow_gauge_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Narrow gauge railway">narrow-gauge</a> Eastern Line railway linked to the city of Port Harcourt; the Enugu train station is by the side of the National Stadium; dating back to its coal-mining origins, it is located on Ogui Street. The main forms of transportation in the city are buses, taxi cabs and buses.,<a href="#cite_note-roughguide-98">[98]</a> <a href="/wiki/Okada_(motorcycle_taxi)" title="Okada (motorcycle taxi)">Okada (motorcycles)</a> once served as public transportation in the city until the state government banned them from this use in April 2009.<a href="#cite_note-enugutransurban-154">[154]</a> Most transport enters and leaves the city through Enugu's Ogbete Motor Park,<a href="#cite_note-cap-2">[2]</a> Garki Motor Park serves as a transport pick-up point as well.<a href="#cite_note-roughguide-98">[98]</a> Unregistered taxis are known as Kabu Kabu and are differentiated with registered ones through the lack of yellow paint on the unregistered vehicles.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> In 2009, Enugu introduced a taxi job scheme under 'Coal City Cabs' to help in the eradication of poverty in the city.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> 200 registered <a href="/wiki/Nissan_Sunny" title="Nissan Sunny">Nissan Sunny</a> taxis, provided by the state government; and 200 registered <a href="/wiki/Suzuki" title="Suzuki">Suzuki</a> taxis, provided by the Umuchinemere Pro-Credit Micro Finance Bank, were given out on loan to unemployed citizens in the city who will operate as taxi drivers and will own the vehicles after payments are completed.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> 20 buses with the capacity for 82 passengers seated and standing were introduced as Coal City Shuttle buses on 13 March 2009 to run as public transport for Enugu urban.<a href="#cite_note-enugutransurban-154">[154]</a> The main airport in the state is the <a href="/wiki/Akanu_Ibiam_International_Airport" title="Akanu Ibiam International Airport">Akanu Ibiam International Airport</a> which can be accessed by buses and taxis.<a href="#cite_note-roughguide-98">[98]</a> Renovations began on 30 November 2009 to upgrade it to accommodate wide-bodied aircraft. These plans include extending the 2,400-metre (7,900 ft) runway by 600 metres (2,000 ft) to make it 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) long; the runway will be widened from 45 to 60 metres (148 to 197 ft). It is estimated that the project will cost ₦4.13bn<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> (27.3 million US Dollars As of 26 June 2010<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enugu&action=edit">[update]</a>).<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> The <a href="/wiki/A3_highway_(Nigeria)" title="A3 highway (Nigeria)">A3</a>, or the Enugu-Port Harcourt highway, was opened in the 1970s and links the two cities together by passing through <a href="/wiki/Aba,_Abia" class="mw-redirect" title="Aba, Abia">Aba</a>, a major urban settlement.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> The A3 goes further on past Enugu's north to link to the city of <a href="/wiki/Jos" title="Jos">Jos</a> via <a href="/wiki/Makurdi" title="Makurdi">Makurdi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> Two more highways, the <a href="/wiki/A232_highway_(Nigeria)" title="A232 highway (Nigeria)">A232</a> from <a href="/wiki/Benin_City" title="Benin City">Benin City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asaba" title="Asaba">Asaba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Onitsha" title="Onitsha">Onitsha</a> to Enugu's east<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/A343_highway_(Nigeria)" title="A343 highway (Nigeria)">A343</a> from <a href="/wiki/Abakaliki" title="Abakaliki">Abakaliki</a> to Enugu's west,<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> makes Enugu the site of a major junction.<a href="#cite_note-football2-66">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enugu&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/32px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/48px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-town-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-town_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-town_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-town_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-town_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-town_1-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-town_1-5">f</a> Udo, p. 88. </li> <li id="cite_note-cap-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cap_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cap_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cap_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cap_2-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cap_2-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cap_2-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cap_2-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cap_2-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cap_2-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cap_2-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cap_2-10">k</a> Williams, p. 196. </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output 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Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 291. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-1394-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-1394-7"><bdi>978-0-7546-1394-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Management+of+environmental+problems+and+hazards+in+Nigeria&rft.pages=291&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing%2C+Ltd&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7546-1394-7&rft.aulast=Mba&rft.aufirst=H.+Chike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUBtILsKGKIcC%26pg%3DPA291&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnugu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Environmental-quality-of-Ugwu-Aaron-informal-settlement-adjoining-the-GRA-formal_fig4_373578596">"Environmental quality of Ugwu-Aaron informal settlement adjoining the GRA formal settlement in Enugu Metropolis"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Environmental+quality+of+Ugwu-Aaron+informal+settlement+adjoining+the+GRA+formal+settlement+in+Enugu+Metropolis.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Ffigure%2FEnvironmental-quality-of-Ugwu-Aaron-informal-settlement-adjoining-the-GRA-formal_fig4_373578596&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnugu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2017" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Carolyn A. 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Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria. 11 (3/4): 86–106. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0018-2540">0018-2540</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41857119">41857119</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Historical+Society+of+Nigeria&rft.atitle=The+Enugu+Colliery+Massacre+in+Retrospect%3A+An+Episode+in+British+Administration+of+Nigeria&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3%2F4&rft.pages=86-106&rft.date=1982&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41857119%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0018-2540&rft.aulast=Jaja&rft.aufirst=S.+O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41857119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnugu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-coleman-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-coleman_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-coleman_31-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-coleman_31-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-coleman_31-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-coleman_31-4">e</a> Coleman, pp. 296—302. </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBergerCrollLaporte2005" class="citation book cs1">Berger, Stefan; Croll, Andy; Laporte, Norman (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Hm95KBSc-kwC&pg=PA142">Towards a comparative history of coalfield societies Studies in labour history</a>. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 142. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-3777-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-3777-6"><bdi>978-0-7546-3777-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Towards+a+comparative+history+of+coalfield+societies+Studies+in+labour+history&rft.pages=142&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing%2C+Ltd&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7546-3777-6&rft.aulast=Berger&rft.aufirst=Stefan&rft.au=Croll%2C+Andy&rft.au=Laporte%2C+Norman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHm95KBSc-kwC%26pg%3DPA142&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnugu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/310854">The Last Time, ebook pages pp216-226</a>, by James Stewart Smith (Privately Published, 2019). 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Retrieved 8 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Federal+Constituencies%2C+Enugu+State&rft.place=Bottom&rft.pub=House+of+Representatives%2C+Nigeria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.speakersoffice.gov.ng%2Fconstituencies_enugu.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnugu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pophist-74">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pophist_74-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pophist_74-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pophist_74-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColemanColeman1971" class="citation book cs1">Coleman, James S.; Coleman, James Smoot (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=06jzpEspae0C&pg=PA74">Nigeria, background to nationalism</a>. University of California Press. p. 74. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-02070-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-02070-2"><bdi>978-0-520-02070-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nigeria%2C+background+to+nationalism&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=978-0-520-02070-2&rft.aulast=Coleman&rft.aufirst=James+S.&rft.au=Coleman%2C+James+Smoot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D06jzpEspae0C%26pg%3DPA74&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnugu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEuropa_Publications2004" class="citation book cs1">Europa Publications (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jj4J-AXGDaQC&pg=PA838">Africa South of the Sahara 2004</a> (33rd ed.). 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Retrieved 19 May 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Legal+Notice+on+Publication+of+the+Details+of+the+Breakdown+of+the+National+and+State+Provisional+Totals+2006+Census&rft.date=2007-05-15&rft.au=Federal+Republic+of+Nigeria+Official+Gazette&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nigerianstat.gov.ng%2Fnbsapps%2FConnections%2FPop2006.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnugu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-popdispute-77"><a href="#cite_ref-popdispute_77-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhemba2007" class="citation news cs1">Ahemba, Tume (6 February 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130201043057/http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKL0674057420070206">"Lagos rejects Nigeria census, says has 17.5 million"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 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Cengage Learning. p. 833. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-618-07725-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-618-07725-0"><bdi>978-0-618-07725-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Voyages+in+World+History%2C+Volume+2&rft.pages=833&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-618-07725-0&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=Valerie&rft.au=Curtis%2C+Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DklcYZE-jE74C%26pg%3DPA833&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnugu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VFONkYzHco8C&pg=PA14">The Report: Nigeria 2010</a>. 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Nigeria: Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. p. 519. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-269-0775-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-269-0775-5"><bdi>978-81-269-0775-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Concise+Encyclopaedia+of+World+History&rft.place=Nigeria&rft.pages=519&rft.pub=Atlantic+Publishers+%26+Distributors&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-81-269-0775-5&rft.aulast=Ramirez-Faria&rft.aufirst=Carlos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgGKsS-9h4BYC%26pg%3DPT529&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnugu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOkeke-Ihejirika2004" class="citation book cs1">Okeke-Ihejirika, Philomina Ezeagbor (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dqr2EmM0m7cC&pg=PA26">Negotiating power and privilege: Igbo career women in contemporary Nigeria</a>. Ohio University Press. p. 26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89680-241-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89680-241-4"><bdi>978-0-89680-241-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Negotiating+power+and+privilege%3A+Igbo+career+women+in+contemporary+Nigeria&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=Ohio+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-89680-241-4&rft.aulast=Okeke-Ihejirika&rft.aufirst=Philomina+Ezeagbor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ddqr2EmM0m7cC%26pg%3DPA26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnugu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIlogu1974" class="citation book cs1">Ilogu, Edmund (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0uMUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA2">Christianity and Ibo culture</a>. 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Africa World Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59221-209-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59221-209-5"><bdi>978-1-59221-209-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nigerian+Political+Parties%3A+Power+in+an+Emergent+African+Nation&rft.pub=Africa+World+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-59221-209-5&rft.aulast=Sklar&rft.aufirst=Richard+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOi0aVR4YkmUC%26pg%3DPA208&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnugu" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColeman1958" class="citation book cs1">Coleman, James Smoot (1958). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X6vL5HfHto8C&pg=PA296">Nigeria: background to nationalism</a>. University of California Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nigeria%3A+background+to+nationalism&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1958&rft.aulast=Coleman&rft.aufirst=James+Smoot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX6vL5HfHto8C%26pg%3DPA296&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnugu" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2008" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Lizzie (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fwuQ71ZbaOcC">Nigeria: The Bradt Travel Guide</a>. Bradt Travel Guides. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84162-239-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84162-239-2"><bdi>978-1-84162-239-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nigeria%3A+The+Bradt+Travel+Guide&rft.pub=Bradt+Travel+Guides&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-84162-239-2&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Lizzie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfwuQ71ZbaOcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnugu" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHudgensTrillo2003" class="citation book cs1">Hudgens, Jim; Trillo, Richard (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/roughguidetowest0000hudg">The rough guide to West Africa</a> (4 ed.). Rough Guides. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84353-118-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84353-118-0"><bdi>978-1-84353-118-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+rough+guide+to+West+Africa&rft.edition=4&rft.pub=Rough+Guides&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-84353-118-0&rft.aulast=Hudgens&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft.au=Trillo%2C+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Froughguidetowest0000hudg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnugu" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNigeria1970" class="citation book cs1">Nigeria (1970). Nigeria handbook. Federal Ministry of Information.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nigeria+handbook&rft.pub=Federal+Ministry+of+Information&rft.date=1970&rft.au=Nigeria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnugu" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEzenwa-Ohaeto1997" class="citation book cs1">Ezenwa-Ohaeto (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chinuaachebebiog0000ezen">Chinua Achebe: A Biography</a>. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-33342-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-33342-1"><bdi>978-0-253-33342-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chinua+Achebe%3A+A+Biography&rft.pub=Bloomington%3A+Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-253-33342-1&rft.au=Ezenwa-Ohaeto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchinuaachebebiog0000ezen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnugu" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enugu&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Enugu" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Enugu">Enugu</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100706054837/http://thecoalcity.com/">The Coal City</a> – Updates from Enugu and Enugu State</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.igboguide.org">Igbo Enugu Guide</a> – A guide to Enugu and Igboland's culture and language</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bigardenugu.org/">"Bigard Memorial Seminary, Enugu – …You Shall Be My Witnesses"</a>. Retrieved 20 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bigard+Memorial+Seminary%2C+Enugu+%E2%80%93+%E2%80%A6You+Shall+Be+My+Witnesses&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bigardenugu.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnugu" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output 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aria-labelledby="Places_adjacent_to_Enugu" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Enugu" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Enugu</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Abor,_Enugu" title="Abor, Enugu">Abor</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Ngwo" title="Ngwo">Ngwo</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" />Enugu<img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Udi,_Enugu" title="Udi, Enugu">Udi</a></td> <td>Agbani</td> <td>Amagunze</td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Enugu" title="Template:Enugu"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Enugu" title="Template talk:Enugu"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Enugu" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Enugu"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="City_of_Enugu" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">City of Enugu</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#444; color:white;">Layouts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abakpa_Nike&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abakpa Nike (page does not exist)">Abakpa Nike</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asata (page does not exist)">Asata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trans_Ekulu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trans Ekulu (page does not exist)">Trans Ekulu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thinkers_Corner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thinkers Corner (page does not exist)">Thinkers Corner</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emene (page does not exist)">Emene</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_Reserved_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Government Reserved Area (page does not exist)">Government Reserved Area</a> (G.R.A.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iva_Valley" title="Iva Valley">Iva Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogui" title="Ogui">Ogui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal_Camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Coal Camp">Coal Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uwani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uwani (page does not exist)">Uwani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garki,_Enugu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garki, Enugu (page does not exist)">Garki</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akwunanaw&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akwunanaw (page does not exist)">Akwunanaw</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_Layout&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="City Layout (page does not exist)">City Layout</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Independence_Layout&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Independence Layout (page does not exist)">Independence Layout</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timber_Shed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timber Shed (page does not exist)">Timber Shed</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogui_New_Layout&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ogui New Layout (page does not exist)">Ogui New Layout</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Obiagu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Obiagu (page does not exist)">Obiagu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artisan_Market&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artisan Market (page does not exist)">Artisan Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Enugu" title="New Haven, Enugu">New Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_Layout&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="City Layout (page does not exist)">City Layout</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Achara_Layout&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Achara Layout (page does not exist)">Achara Layout</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf_Estate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golf Estate (page does not exist)">Golf Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ebeano_Estate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ebeano Estate (page does not exist)">Ebeano Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relief_Market&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Relief Market (page does not exist)">Relief Market</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ugwuaji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ugwuaji (page does not exist)">Ugwuaji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maryland,_Enugu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maryland, Enugu (page does not exist)">Maryland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#444; color:white;">Major roads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A3_highway_(Nigeria)" title="A3 highway (Nigeria)">A3 highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A232_highway_(Nigeria)" title="A232 highway (Nigeria)">A232 highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A343_highway_(Nigeria)" title="A343 highway (Nigeria)">A343 highway</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okpara_Avenue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Okpara Avenue (page does not exist)">Okpara Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chime_Avenue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chime Avenue (page does not exist)">Chime Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogui_Road&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ogui Road (page does not exist)">Ogui Road</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zik_Avenue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zik Avenue (page does not exist)">Zik Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agbani_Road&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agbani Road (page does not exist)">Agbani Road</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abakpa_Nike_Road&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abakpa Nike Road (page does not exist)">Abakpa Nike Road</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abakaliki_Road&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abakaliki Road (page does not exist)">Abakaliki Road</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Airport_Road,_Enugu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Airport Road, Enugu (page does not exist)">Airport Road</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emene_Road&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emene Road (page does not exist)">Emene Road</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidential_Road&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidential Road (page does not exist)">Presidential Road</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rangers_Avenue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rangers Avenue (page does not exist)">Rangers Avenue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#444; color:white;">Governance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enugu_State" title="Enugu State">Enugu State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enugu_North" title="Enugu North">Enugu North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enugu_South" title="Enugu South">Enugu South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enugu_East" title="Enugu East">Enugu East</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#444; color:white;">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Udi-Nsukka_Plateau" title="Udi-Nsukka Plateau">Udi-Nsukka Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyaba_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nyaba River (page does not exist)">Nyaba River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Ekulu" class="mw-redirect" title="River Ekulu">River Ekulu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asata_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asata River (page does not exist)">Asata River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogbete_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ogbete River (page does not exist)">Ogbete River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aria_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aria River (page does not exist)">Aria River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idaw_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Idaw River (page does not exist)">Idaw River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#444; color:white;">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enugu_State_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Enugu State University of Science and Technology">Enugu State University of Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Government_College_Enugu" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Government College Enugu">Federal Government College Enugu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=College_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_(Enugu)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="College of the Immaculate Conception (Enugu) (page does not exist)">College of the Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Saviour_Institute_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Our Saviour Institute of Science and Technology">Our Saviour Institute of Science and Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#444; color:white;">Religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Enugu" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Enugu">Roman Catholic Diocese of Enugu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#444; color:white;">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enugu_Rangers" class="mw-redirect" title="Enugu Rangers">Enugu Rangers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NITEL_Vasco_Da_Gama_F.C." title="NITEL Vasco Da Gama F.C.">NITEL Vasco Da Gama F.C.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#444; color:white;">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akanu_Ibiam_International_Airport" title="Akanu Ibiam International Airport">Akanu Ibiam International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogbete_Motor_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ogbete Motor Park (page does not exist)">Ogbete Motor Park</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garki_Motor_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garki Motor Park (page does not exist)">Garki Motor Park</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_City_Shuttle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coal City Shuttle (page does not exist)">Coal City Shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_City_Cabs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coal City Cabs (page does not exist)">Coal City Cabs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:black; color:white;"><div><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria"><img alt="Nigeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/20px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Nigeria" title="Portal:Nigeria">Nigeria portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Igbo_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #ACE1AF;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Igbo_topics" title="Template:Igbo topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Igbo_topics" title="Template talk:Igbo topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Igbo_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Igbo topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Igbo_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Igbo_people" title="Igbo people">Igbo</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ACE1AF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Igbo_history" title="Timeline of Igbo history">History</a> (chronological order)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_the_Igbo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Origins of the Igbo people">Origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lejja" title="Lejja">Lejja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opi_(archaeological_site)" title="Opi (archaeological site)">Opi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_Igbo-Ukwu" title="Archaeology of Igbo-Ukwu">Igbo-Ukwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nri" title="Kingdom of Nri">Kingdom of Nri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_people_in_the_Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Igbo people in the Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aro_Confederacy" title="Aro Confederacy">Aro Confederacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekumeku_Movement" title="Ekumeku Movement">Ekumeku Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Aro_War" title="Anglo-Aro War">Anglo-Aro War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_War" title="Women's War">Women's War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Region,_Nigeria" title="Eastern Region, Nigeria">Eastern Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_anti-Igbo_pogrom" title="1966 anti-Igbo pogrom">1966 anti-Igbo pogrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Civil_War" title="Nigerian Civil War">Nigerian-Biafran War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ACE1AF;;width:1%">Subgroups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anioma_people" title="Anioma people">Anioma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aro_people" title="Aro people">Aro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edda_people" title="Edda people">Edda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekpeye_people" title="Ekpeye people">Ekpeye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etche" title="Etche">Etche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezaa_people" title="Ezaa people">Ezaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ika_people" title="Ika people">Ika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikwerre_people" title="Ikwerre people">Ikwerre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikwo_people" title="Ikwo people">Ikwo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isu_people" title="Isu people">Isu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izzi_people" title="Izzi people">Izzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbaise" title="Mbaise">Mbaise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mgbo_people" title="Mgbo people">Mgbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndoki,_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Ndoki, Nigeria">Ndoki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngwa">Ngwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nri-Igbo" title="Nri-Igbo">Nri-Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogba_people" title="Ogba people">Ogba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohafia" title="Ohafia">Ohafia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohuhu_people" title="Ohuhu people">Ohuhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onitsha-Ado" title="Onitsha-Ado">Onitsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukwuani_people" title="Ukwuani people">Ukwuani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waawa" title="Waawa">Waawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ACE1AF;;width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Igbo_sentiment" title="Anti-Igbo sentiment">Anti-Igbo sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biafra" title="Biafra">Biafra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Region,_Nigeria" title="Eastern Region, Nigeria">Eastern Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_the_Actualization_of_the_Sovereign_State_of_Biafra" title="Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra">MASSOB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Nigeria" title="Politics of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohanaeze_Ndigbo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohanaeze Ndigbo">Ohanaeze Ndigbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Nri" title="List of rulers of Nri">Rulers of Nri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ACE1AF;;width:1%">Geography (<a href="/wiki/Igboland" title="Igboland">Igboland</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ACE1AF;;width:1%">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abia_State" title="Abia State">Abia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anambra_State" title="Anambra State">Anambra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayelsa_State" title="Bayelsa State">Bayelsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebonyi_State" title="Ebonyi State">Ebonyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enugu_State" title="Enugu State">Enugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_State" title="Delta State">Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imo_State" title="Imo State">Imo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivers_State" title="Rivers State">Rivers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ACE1AF;;width:1%">Major cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aba,_Abia" class="mw-redirect" title="Aba, Abia">Aba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asaba,_Delta" class="mw-redirect" title="Asaba, Delta">Ahaba</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Énugwú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onitsha" title="Onitsha">Ọnịcha Mmili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owerri" title="Owerri">Owèrrè</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Harcourt" title="Port Harcourt">Ugwu Ọcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awka" title="Awka">Awka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nnewi" title="Nnewi">Nnewi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awka-Etiti" title="Awka-Etiti">Awka-Etiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nsukka" title="Nsukka">Nsukka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abakaliki" title="Abakaliki">Abakaliki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umuahia" title="Umuahia">Umuahia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ACE1AF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Igbo_people#Demographics" title="Igbo people">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_people" title="Igbo people">Igbo people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Igbo_people" title="List of Igbo people">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Barbadian" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Barbadian">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Dominican_(Dominica)" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Dominican (Dominica)">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="Igbo Canadian">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Africans_in_Guangzhou" title="Africans in Guangzhou">Guangzhou, China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_people_in_Jamaica" title="Igbo people in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerians_in_Japan" title="Nigerians in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saro_(Nigeria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saro (Nigeria)">Saros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Nigerian" class="mw-redirect" title="British Nigerian">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Igbo American">United States</a> (<a href="/wiki/History_of_Nigerian_Americans_in_Dallas%E2%80%93Fort_Worth" title="History of Nigerian Americans in Dallas–Fort Worth">Dallas–Fort Worth</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ACE1AF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Igbo_culture" title="Igbo culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_art" title="Igbo art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_cuisine" title="Igbo cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikeji_festival" title="Ikeji festival">Ikeji festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_Jews" title="Igbo Jews">Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_music" title="Igbo music">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_highlife" title="Igbo highlife">Highlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_rap" title="Igbo rap">rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odumodu_music" title="Odumodu music">Odumodu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogene" title="Ogene">Ogene</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_literature" title="Igbo literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_name" title="Igbo name">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Yam_Festival_of_the_Igbo" title="New Yam Festival of the Igbo">New Yam Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofala_Festival" title="Ofala Festival">Ofala Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odinala" title="Odinala">Odinala</a> (religion)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ACE1AF;;width:1%">Language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ACE1AF;;width:1%">Language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_language" title="Igbo language">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igboid_languages" title="Igboid languages">Igboid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Igbo_names" title="Category:Igbo names">Names</a> - <a href="/wiki/Society_for_Promoting_Igbo_Language_and_Culture" title="Society for Promoting Igbo Language and Culture">SPILC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ACE1AF;;width:1%">Dialects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anioma_people" title="Anioma people">Delta Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enuani_dialect" title="Enuani dialect">Enuani Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ika_language_(Nigeria)" title="Ika language (Nigeria)">Ika Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikwerre_language" title="Ikwerre language">Ikwerre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izi_language" title="Izi language">Izzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngwa_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngwa language">Ngwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waawa" title="Waawa">Waawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ACE1AF;;width:1%">Wikipedia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ih%C3%BC_Mbu" class="extiw" title="ig:Ihü Mbu">Igbo Wikipedia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: #ACE1AF;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Igbo" title="Category:Igbo">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Largest_cities_in_Nigeria" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_in_Nigeria" title="Template:Cities in Nigeria"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_in_Nigeria" title="Template talk:Cities in Nigeria"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_in_Nigeria" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities in Nigeria"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Largest_cities_in_Nigeria" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_populated_places_in_Nigeria" title="List of populated places in Nigeria">Largest cities in Nigeria</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aba,_Abia" class="mw-redirect" title="Aba, Abia">Aba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abakaliki" title="Abakaliki">Abakaliki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abeokuta" title="Abeokuta">Abeokuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abuja" title="Abuja">Abuja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ado_Ekiti" title="Ado Ekiti">Ado Ekiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akure" title="Akure">Akure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asaba,_Delta" class="mw-redirect" title="Asaba, Delta">Asaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awka" title="Awka">Awka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauchi" title="Bauchi">Bauchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin_City" title="Benin City">Benin City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bida" title="Bida">Bida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birnin_Kebbi" title="Birnin Kebbi">Birnin Kebbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calabar" title="Calabar">Calabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutse" title="Dutse">Dutse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eket" title="Eket">Eket</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Enugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gombe,_Gombe" class="mw-redirect" title="Gombe, Gombe">Gombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gusau" title="Gusau">Gusau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibadan" title="Ibadan">Ibadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/If%E1%BA%B9" title="Ifẹ">Ife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikeja" title="Ikeja">Ikeja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikot-Abasi" title="Ikot-Abasi">Ikot-Abasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikot_Ekpene" title="Ikot Ekpene">Ikot Ekpene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikoyi" title="Ikoyi">Ikoyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilorin" title="Ilorin">Ilorin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iseyin" title="Iseyin">Iseyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwo,_Osun" title="Iwo, Osun">Iwo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalingo" title="Jalingo">Jalingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimeta" title="Jimeta">Jimeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos" title="Jos">Jos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaduna" title="Kaduna">Kaduna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kano_(city)" title="Kano (city)">Kano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katsina" title="Katsina">Katsina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kontagora" title="Kontagora">Kontagora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafia" title="Lafia">Lafia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavun" title="Lavun">Lavun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokoja" title="Lokoja">Lokoja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiduguri" title="Maiduguri">Maiduguri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makurdi" title="Makurdi">Makurdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minna" title="Minna">Minna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mokwa" title="Mokwa">Mokwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nnewi" title="Nnewi">Nnewi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nsukka" title="Nsukka">Nsukka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogbomosho" title="Ogbomosho">Ogbomosho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okene" title="Okene">Okene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onitsha" title="Onitsha">Onitsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ondo_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Ondo City">Ondo City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oron,_Akwa_Ibom" class="mw-redirect" title="Oron, Akwa Ibom">Oron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osogbo" title="Osogbo">Osogbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owerri" title="Owerri">Owerri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owo" title="Owo">Owo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyo,_Oyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Oyo, Oyo">Oyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Harcourt" title="Port Harcourt">Port Harcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potiskum" title="Potiskum">Potiskum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokoto" title="Sokoto">Sokoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suleja" title="Suleja">Suleja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umuahia" title="Umuahia">Umuahia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyo" title="Uyo">Uyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warri" title="Warri">Warri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wukari" title="Wukari">Wukari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yenagoa" title="Yenagoa">Yenagoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yola,_Nigeria" title="Yola, Nigeria">Yola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaria" title="Zaria">Zaria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q465022#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q465022#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q465022#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/150142175">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdrFgTkJYbmkqfHyrHjYP">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4085586-7">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n84023025">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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