CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91362c661df4ce19',cH: 'sD.wt551AZ_9PVSEokDqbgmtq_9_thNevrnQ8ery3mY-1739799460-1.2.1.1-2qCr5NtNTmXjiEM9JwtEB.TyvN8_fvd9wZR2X.F.k8.RQDoENp8q8ZpopLdNjWnM',cUPMDTk: "\/16931\/ris?__cf_chl_tk=OdvyXar3qwcphqGpqIBCPk90uHBV5rvAkcbEaJGMZ3Q-1739799460-1.0.1.1-jjzXPRFdXqYXYf.R9F2Zh9JLobIpJenpa.kQf_0fNHY",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739799460',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/16931\/ris?__cf_chl_f_tk=OdvyXar3qwcphqGpqIBCPk90uHBV5rvAkcbEaJGMZ3Q-1739799460-1.0.1.1-jjzXPRFdXqYXYf.R9F2Zh9JLobIpJenpa.kQf_0fNHY",md: "UmbchQGfT1pcBfCz0xkFogcCsYj1FEklNs0.bizV5uM-1739799460-1.2.1.1-EcQMA.0mkx3yXfwE3GNFxpJVDbfqqzDsIfK2_4B2L9LfXtVKaVEEk6GhxxQwgPPkpAUtfIpqVFhRcin3PtvSOpUixaM9xCqIB8UAF4_SeYtrvVWc44KDTdACeQaf1wOUYNefn5ggDTOqsctsbd8EBCsHeOye92vgqFIW.r3x.pBMDkUVsuE8rHkFr4QcBcVECUzbEz44zouGqJJh1pkK7baxuGQlB_yQR4dPGeNrSd6JXACK7qqYw7MFSoAuGI4IqjVAePycLKzgGYBIq0KGkjkAhlPAnKTA0O0rU1ituFwVTYmDdqZpRPIBFm0OUCPcSjx.t1T5Jy_2Va01do5ehWWPFddGdhaN9UkJZdpd9_FPZMUkx8AAXdm16Ph3ym8wtcTMD3Uu5H2o.qg4pEvVaSJdgEUnKTsPhgC0HKE7F6x1ij8hkgQFZX2Wxfw_FTEhBn601I8kMIzhvRAd4.RwsX56apAwxDnHN0vKZZIOtZqQgcRKjKgeadLTo052vvOrdj.J4Sn7AE79XR8QNYb.3D2.sEpnJooUZgXQm5txVl3TNRqOnKU6u0Op83zjz.MtIcna87Bq8MTj6wYw60WkBps59Z4Tq.1n6FBC_6B_D0ayglI6uv3yAZbZYg4ARHswHuSMjMMZsKTabUVYIoBfFPyndeMF_DuIqArRWwMCqb5suQfU_Z1Ne6nMok9mDOWvGtvhyzWYFyyzcRpAcZMMMdCPjS4SRG78kMQrW_Qm8nY7nurItyrxaiLU6UBnBD.0eWX272jm4H71fRjjjPVgMqdgzhlMBAS_zz7hepQc6Hw5mxa0EDqG_Pw3kigL..7NYB1aN5p75Nmd7hxvCZa.6KhcKHy3GKtL4jON2Jx2h4.wykMwRkhjBphjOesg3mFE5K4wQpCHL40c40VIMh0oSsLpeeYOV5LmxMCzHiDy9N0uShzokpfxBEZ4.OMT2VRWgTz52qpcZZt48jMmOXUB54krOZUxlV3cBImWDg_GKFAy2B1CtwrW4W9pBQA5ApTBoFM3tbZ4HtyOaY8rOvF5JGlpqGN36npFNGQrulw1CvraEUHIQjGtmGXXz9O.3an7VUk5HEwXWUioUJMBMSeqLY90dH2u6k.xSCtL9AbCL_10pllSWVEu7YJPkWwkOOl2bQypdHgte2oB5mYZDF9an3GeU9VbmnLK_YHwBtc_51qrHr4Zs9JM1wQUkptCYgBidoNHgYeKqJbUt4AmHe2lSvmEYChxmsfD5QL86dKR5YzcINsVENEql8dUDtgnzf34MbxNb2p15zRr0yYWdXt7Nqs7KlUPjW0oFxJ.RLU7pYCwEtUKb7RK_7EsFWaBnlw8YfCkax5OaL9S6IWXcG_vVjYCOQmxa4i.jKGdC6q8odT2vulkNz516nNJUGy.uCCIvNHwxNS2N6a27PXRwJZe41Rin_e0zZgcfcpPBIsj09IRCmDfJdcV.0KguCeOssvCB_GI9eSHu40nhqiaFsYfA2K9HuOGhA3O0MZN0276eqylwX3JnImucMwzb228U2yp70FrTVwRapnkug6j2sZVl7kuuNXJxEw8poWGbOw392pPiZoSI7k43c0k6qFohb4q8dJax6etEdGI5m_8UkJE0k.omv9iIhlOttrRNW2_dONEtAymQMWtWaRDM8fhxLd3Rny6v7bWTl5hMJpdpb0xEUxKmiJOESsFdkQJABmSRY3.cSli05fCcsVkSijex5bzNFoz0xd.8iiWRMDt0iC5qFSS0QVFkujIP0cPvOmViNPCrOZvgQTWoYca9vgKL0l3Yb7zyI.4t1RdPG6Mhbsm8eTpnRGht0RbRnp0Wydhtkb5PegHRiemrDMERAVtYaAAHa99E8t_TyAqJ7hYPe.O5aK8WYreAIzdyqQenSpCyiQ",mdrd: "dqDHfUB5oMw8BRcLuK3KlDZj9dy8W5zH6I5uogXyLyc-1739799460-1.2.1.1-opZxoaUgwzkQvRQboAh4Yb7mdF6MMHJD8M7XM5L5pPuVrBBKaTW_A.6qyGsQLqc3I.qvET3OOYofiSgkqJEBnUA2dfZO1rKw_M_rlEBnOEY14LVrfTpT3EFWKIPY485k.81D5A3jeRM6zDPK6EZMl8KNj44_g.eTuOS6c0gk_h6Jr6lXBVbniybpXmYfTrXWfQeCiN8r0zpv4fcgxlspCrho9n3tDRJ3KTFCz_q4Q6wdjskYLVsTRC6E7pXGdDQKHp5N8bRUFQfqO2uBU3kitJju8uWfhovioBbB2mWu8n.7mBdu4doirit_ymaY37GfUYH1koyEAotFIVX9VGswvZjvA3A303aLxKitpac9IQu4FvNXUx5HtEXnTP.ql6rL82wG525yozNamLZ1bF.7NZhKbCINQ.vhtU9aYdE_mAQRVvuBk0yXLasijix3GvUS6m5dEl2bbEpPlDvxSux.Nege8d9RfnI8OLH5DJdVb8gXoO_bVM9n5NcZ_vbOMLBi5K7e5NG_QhueWfQWMrHh9R2Bq3FEZxaW9qlKnrV0XsQ686mN_VXY28zvMdMYH75IXyNv8FgwM0PgoYnHPvyx2n69LbRXTRwkIL1vvwQU76W97RQfwiaBYkLe1y4BLjK9cZWIpQ_UB.YDc7ouBD81rb2RCVJOYzFYMmTjKQPbD0qkuZeO3yVLZq9K6CQCBDYvOUhXTEzqlM6qFvqFfNhEb6Tj41u2YH0Wp9rVm6_WqVcp3z4Gyy1IVdwDqbcw6RslriAQh3h1r8NVpvobAnWb8YLBkiWhDneMFpwz4LLsbpZ3SRWZP7cgxexY4r0dQLOJBn7DdXHOwgsvO4PoEV17SW2DjJMB4NfKt2pCq.f9A7bXC3qJqxCUIjmRPg04MORtlQv_B9MFsGcu30OFw_rV0Etc9Lr3LJRnzQRR_QIjS5zFr94bEyge.6OMPMbRfStXNhVXcPfIUFz20If7n4I2grlH5pefU3BUSeHhJQFmYZpISEjzBRfsSUUULYp3LtSajCK2KY0Esc0yptHcJ2rbvMr85s_riydyJWjOCRji4vp9PyxrZ7xZi7IL7w4C8a6LO4_v8EFLZbaOFCsP3GaYLS.F9exXSsw0ziRw0D2fjiblCcI9DviVfUyYesVHP4md62l4c4y2FI7qB4z5blu4a0GJUl5wCdydgKxhqKcUSzIFcvdwcc7Sl0kiYrDsOoiC_5Qen4zlaZiwYol2zHV8hvz_JoYCf6dXvIrzWq72Xu6O4sx1JmLCKbOAa.IMEpFn7BuplJ6_uxQU8Qvi_b3coAIun2nM71bYA8nwtnq2YrSfDWq9bEhWtHDQwzS7.ie6fCXJRsCUlnUuteiDJc06IDXhKRLm61nFJtlUBxFYAAvnQbvryyI3Rfyk08E9cs1mgcLKEUKiQkDNOWN1Tb7R4mP5R6h6TSFYfHsJrnLPczs1b90VIFz2sMc8n0EGZ8J16OCQAYX0_WGCbuH.r6J_NK7egaZPUz._UN7HVHXx6fuytQwYjdr1vevQnfgVJXd0oxsiaUGYCSbZAIU9O01q7Vzqw0wjvh_waw64d4HLGdx6Npa60QbA4lT7rRH35vLgfXMHJpYNBK0D80vI82j122BH8yAfqYDW8V6yyspfiO6p.aFxxO4TozxiPpW1rHsfmimK2G.ef2Hrds7ynVtnTujgbYnNmXSYmOHppczUoXl57w9qQ.l73WjO8K566N00JGgzdHDSRVPddLXTzNSIK_DJcWeHnvXNzeHb3GnfBZCW4YvVMh31JiEtq.wNGj1xTiLUcJneZkgc2uJXypt6iHRaZ9CZN7uuRFC4xjm4j.0Hl5FKlETjgPzZK6InhzifLYcVM91sOzP.bOOF4EgbIl47lhx6dCuuu.b2linZfk9x114SFB9i1v7IMWgLHvM5ryx05tLbCzi6DDui5ji3m6N.BwqVHMr.YGZ66EECVWpYKJoORuWAaTfxxRG85id0"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91362c661df4ce19';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/16931\/ris?__cf_chl_rt_tk=OdvyXar3qwcphqGpqIBCPk90uHBV5rvAkcbEaJGMZ3Q-1739799460-1.0.1.1-jjzXPRFdXqYXYf.R9F2Zh9JLobIpJenpa.kQf_0fNHY" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>