CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Internet celebrity - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"6788584f-db54-4e1d-bec5-5c409ea5dc7d","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Internet_celebrity","wgTitle":"Internet celebrity","wgCurRevisionId":1259745828,"wgRevisionId":1259745828,"wgArticleId":19776474,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments","Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles to be split from March 2024","All articles to be split","Articles to have a section moved from March 2024","All articles to have a section moved","Use mdy dates from October 2023","Wikipedia pending changes protected pages", "Wikipedia articles that may have off-topic sections from January 2023","All articles that may have off-topic sections","Wikipedia articles with style issues from January 2023","All articles with style issues","Articles needing additional references from January 2023","All articles needing additional references","Articles with multiple maintenance issues","Articles containing potentially dated statements from October 2024","All articles containing potentially dated statements","Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text","Articles containing Japanese-language text","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from June 2024","Celebrity","Internet celebrities","Cultural trends","Social influence","Social media"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Internet_celebrity","wgRelevantArticleId":19776474,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgStableRevisionId":1259745828,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":60000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q2045208","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true, "wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.flaggedRevs.basic":"ready","mediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.flaggedRevs.advanced","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips", "ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.flaggedRevs.basic%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Connor_Franta%2C_Sam_Pottorff%2C_Trevor_Moran%2C_Kian_Lawley%2C_JC_Caylen_%26_Ricky_Dillon_%2814350777487%29.jpg/1200px-Connor_Franta%2C_Sam_Pottorff%2C_Trevor_Moran%2C_Kian_Lawley%2C_JC_Caylen_%26_Ricky_Dillon_%2814350777487%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Connor_Franta%2C_Sam_Pottorff%2C_Trevor_Moran%2C_Kian_Lawley%2C_JC_Caylen_%26_Ricky_Dillon_%2814350777487%29.jpg/800px-Connor_Franta%2C_Sam_Pottorff%2C_Trevor_Moran%2C_Kian_Lawley%2C_JC_Caylen_%26_Ricky_Dillon_%2814350777487%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="533"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Connor_Franta%2C_Sam_Pottorff%2C_Trevor_Moran%2C_Kian_Lawley%2C_JC_Caylen_%26_Ricky_Dillon_%2814350777487%29.jpg/640px-Connor_Franta%2C_Sam_Pottorff%2C_Trevor_Moran%2C_Kian_Lawley%2C_JC_Caylen_%26_Ricky_Dillon_%2814350777487%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Internet celebrity - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_celebrity"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_celebrity&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_celebrity"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Internet_celebrity rootpage-Internet_celebrity skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Internet+celebrity" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Internet+celebrity" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Internet+celebrity" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Internet+celebrity" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Influencers_and_marketing_networks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influencers_and_marketing_networks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Influencers and marketing networks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influencers_and_marketing_networks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Self-branding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Self-branding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Self-branding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Self-branding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-YouTubers_and_vloggers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#YouTubers_and_vloggers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>YouTubers and vloggers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-YouTubers_and_vloggers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Micro-celebrities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Micro-celebrities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Micro-celebrities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Micro-celebrities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wanghong" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wanghong"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Wanghong</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wanghong-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Net_idols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Net_idols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Net idols</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Net_idols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-VTubers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#VTubers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>VTubers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-VTubers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Income" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Income"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Income</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Income-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Income subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Income-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Advertising_regulations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advertising_regulations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Advertising regulations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advertising_regulations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cancel_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cancel_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Cancel culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cancel_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interacting_with_fans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interacting_with_fans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Interacting with fans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interacting_with_fans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effect_on_fans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effect_on_fans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Effect on fans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Effect_on_fans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Internet celebrity</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA" title="مشاهير الإنترنت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مشاهير الإنترنت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0nternet_fenomeni" title="İnternet fenomeni – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İnternet fenomeni" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88" title="اینترنت اونلوسو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اینترنت اونلوسو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celebridad_de_Internet" title="Celebridad de Internet – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Celebridad de Internet" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interneteko_ospetsu" title="Interneteko ospetsu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Interneteko ospetsu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="سلبریتی اینترنتی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سلبریتی اینترنتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9l%C3%A9brit%C3%A9_d%27Internet" title="Célébrité d'Internet – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Célébrité d'Internet" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%ED%84%B0%EB%84%B7_%EC%9C%A0%EB%AA%85%EC%9D%B8" title="인터넷 유명인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인터넷 유명인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selebritas_internet" title="Selebritas internet – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Selebritas internet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usaziwayo_woxhakaxholo" title="Usaziwayo woxhakaxholo – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Usaziwayo woxhakaxholo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81hrifavaldur" title="Áhrifavaldur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Áhrifavaldur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celebrit%C3%A0_di_Internet" title="Celebrità di Internet – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Celebrità di Internet" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%AA" title="אושיית רשת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אושיית רשת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selebriti_internet" title="Selebriti internet – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Selebriti internet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internetberoemdheid" title="Internetberoemdheid – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Internetberoemdheid" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8D%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%82%BB%E3%83%AC%E3%83%96%E3%83%AA%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3" title="インターネットセレブリティ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="インターネットセレブリティ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internettkjendis" title="Internettkjendis – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Internettkjendis" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internettkjendis" title="Internettkjendis – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Internettkjendis" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celebridade_da_internet" title="Celebridade da internet – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Celebridade da internet" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_celebrity" title="Internet celebrity – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Internet celebrity" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasbeeye_internet" title="Kasbeeye internet – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Kasbeeye internet" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8E%D8%AA" title="ناوداری ئینتەرنێت – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ناوداری ئینتەرنێت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internetpersonlighet" title="Internetpersonlighet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Internetpersonlighet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0nternet_%C3%BCnl%C3%BCs%C3%BC" title="İnternet ünlüsü – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İnternet ünlüsü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%82_%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%B9" title="ستارۂ انٹرنیٹ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ستارۂ انٹرنیٹ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%DA%86%D9%88%D9%84%D9%BE%D9%89%D9%86%D9%89" title="تور چولپىنى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="تور چولپىنى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_n%E1%BB%95i_ti%E1%BA%BFng_tr%C3%AAn_m%E1%BA%A1ng" title="Người nổi tiếng trên mạng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người nổi tiếng trên mạng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E7%B5%A1%E7%B4%85%E4%BA%BA" title="網絡紅人 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="網絡紅人" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E7%B5%A1%E7%B4%85%E4%BA%BA" title="網絡紅人 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="網絡紅人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2045208#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Internet_celebrity" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Internet_celebrity" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Internet_celebrity"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_celebrity&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_celebrity&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Internet_celebrity"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_celebrity&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_celebrity&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Internet_celebrity" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Internet_celebrity" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_celebrity&oldid=1259745828" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_celebrity&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Internet_celebrity&id=1259745828&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FInternet_celebrity"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FInternet_celebrity"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Internet_celebrity&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_celebrity&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:People_associated_with_the_Internet" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2045208" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-indicator-fr-review-status" class="mw-indicator"><indicator name="fr-review-status" class="mw-fr-review-status-indicator" id="mw-fr-revision-toggle"><span class="cdx-fr-css-icon-review--status--stable"></span><b>Checked</b></indicator></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-autoreview" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#pending" title="All edits by unregistered and new users are subject to review prior to becoming visible to unregistered users"><img alt="Page protected with pending changes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b7/Pending-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Pending-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b7/Pending-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Pending-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b7/Pending-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Pending-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div id="mw-fr-revision-messages"><div id="mw-fr-revision-details" class="mw-fr-revision-details-dialog" style="display:none;"><div tabindex="0"></div><div class="cdx-dialog cdx-dialog--horizontal-actions"><header class="cdx-dialog__header cdx-dialog__header--default"><div class="cdx-dialog__header__title-group"><h2 class="cdx-dialog__header__title">Page version status</h2><p class="cdx-dialog__header__subtitle">This is an accepted version of this page</p></div><button class="cdx-button cdx-button--action-default cdx-button--weight-quiet
							cdx-button--size-medium cdx-button--icon-only cdx-dialog__header__close-button" aria-label="Close" onclick="document.getElementById("mw-fr-revision-details").style.display = "none";" type="submit"><span class="cdx-icon cdx-icon--medium
							cdx-fr-css-icon--close"></span></button></header><div class="cdx-dialog__body">This is the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes" title="Wikipedia:Pending changes">latest accepted revision</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=review&page=Internet_celebrity">reviewed</a> on <i>26 November 2024</i>.</div></div><div tabindex="0"></div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Person who has become famous through their use of the Internet</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Influencer" redirects here. For the song, see <a href="/wiki/Influencer_(song)" title="Influencer (song)">Influencer (song)</a>. For the 2022 horror film, see <a href="/wiki/Influencer_(2022_film)" title="Influencer (2022 film)"><i>Influencer</i> (2022 film)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Split plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-move" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Split-arrows.svg/50px-Split-arrows.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Split-arrows.svg/75px-Split-arrows.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Split-arrows.svg/100px-Split-arrows.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">It has been suggested that this article be <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Splitting" title="Wikipedia:Splitting">split</a></b> into a new article titled <i><a href="/wiki/Influencer" class="mw-redirect" title="Influencer">Influencer</a></i>. (<a href="/wiki/Talk:Internet_celebrity#Splitting_article" title="Talk:Internet celebrity">discuss</a>) <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Section_move_from plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-move" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Split-arrows.svg/50px-Split-arrows.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Split-arrows.svg/75px-Split-arrows.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Split-arrows.svg/100px-Split-arrows.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">It has been suggested that parts of this page (Influencers and marketing networks) be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Section_move" title="Wikipedia:Section move">moved</a> into <a href="/wiki/Influencer" class="mw-redirect" title="Influencer">Influencer</a>. (<a href="/wiki/Talk:Internet_celebrity#Splitting_article" title="Talk:Internet celebrity">Discuss</a>) <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Connor_Franta,_Sam_Pottorff,_Trevor_Moran,_Kian_Lawley,_JC_Caylen_%26_Ricky_Dillon_(14350777487).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Connor_Franta%2C_Sam_Pottorff%2C_Trevor_Moran%2C_Kian_Lawley%2C_JC_Caylen_%26_Ricky_Dillon_%2814350777487%29.jpg/300px-Connor_Franta%2C_Sam_Pottorff%2C_Trevor_Moran%2C_Kian_Lawley%2C_JC_Caylen_%26_Ricky_Dillon_%2814350777487%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Connor_Franta%2C_Sam_Pottorff%2C_Trevor_Moran%2C_Kian_Lawley%2C_JC_Caylen_%26_Ricky_Dillon_%2814350777487%29.jpg/450px-Connor_Franta%2C_Sam_Pottorff%2C_Trevor_Moran%2C_Kian_Lawley%2C_JC_Caylen_%26_Ricky_Dillon_%2814350777487%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Connor_Franta%2C_Sam_Pottorff%2C_Trevor_Moran%2C_Kian_Lawley%2C_JC_Caylen_%26_Ricky_Dillon_%2814350777487%29.jpg/600px-Connor_Franta%2C_Sam_Pottorff%2C_Trevor_Moran%2C_Kian_Lawley%2C_JC_Caylen_%26_Ricky_Dillon_%2814350777487%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption>Internet celebrities <a href="/wiki/Connor_Franta" title="Connor Franta">Connor Franta</a>, Sam Pottorff, <a href="/wiki/Trevi_Moran" title="Trevi Moran">Trevi Moran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kian_Lawley" title="Kian Lawley">Kian Lawley</a>, <a href="/wiki/JC_Caylen" title="JC Caylen">JC Caylen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ricky_Dillon" title="Ricky Dillon">Ricky Dillon</a> at <a href="/wiki/VidCon" title="VidCon">VidCon</a>, a convention for <a href="/wiki/YouTuber" title="YouTuber">YouTubers</a>, in 2014</figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>internet celebrity</b>, also referred to as a <b>social media personality</b> or an <b>influencer</b>, is an individual who has acquired or developed their fame and notability on the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>. The growing popularity of <a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a> provides a means for people to reach a large, global audience, and internet celebrities are commonly present on large online platforms such as <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Instagram" title="Instagram">Instagram</a>, <a href="/wiki/TikTok" title="TikTok">TikTok</a>, and <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which primarily rely on <a href="/wiki/User-generated_content" title="User-generated content">user-generated content</a>. </p><p>Certain internet celebrities may function as <a href="/wiki/Lifestyle_guru" title="Lifestyle guru">lifestyle gurus</a> promoting a particular <a href="/wiki/Lifestyle_(sociology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lifestyle (sociology)">lifestyle</a> or <a href="/wiki/Attitude_(psychology)" title="Attitude (psychology)">attitude</a>. In this capacity they act as key amplifiers of trends across various genres including fashion, cooking, technology, travel, video games, movies, <a href="/wiki/Esports" title="Esports">esports</a>, politics, music, sports, and entertainment.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of <a href="/wiki/Influencer_marketing" title="Influencer marketing">influencer marketing</a>, companies and organizations may enlist internet celebrities to advertise their products to their fan base and followers on their respective platforms. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_celebrity&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1991, the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> and the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a> became widely available, leading to the creation of numerous websites dedicated to shared interests. These forums allowed users to seek advice and help from experienced individuals in their field, increasing the availability of information beyond mainstream print media and corporate <a href="/wiki/Website" title="Website">websites</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wired_guide_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wired_guide-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dedicated social media platforms emerged from these developments, providing users with the ability to create profiles and connect with others. <a href="/wiki/SixDegrees.com" title="SixDegrees.com">SixDegrees.com</a> pioneered this concept in 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, websites supporting <a href="/wiki/Blogging" class="mw-redirect" title="Blogging">blogging</a> emerged around the same time, allowing users to publish long-form articles and stories.<sup id="cite_ref-wired_guide_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wired_guide-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then forums, social media and blogging have transformed into integral components of communication, social interaction, business and journalism. Popular social media platforms include <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Instagram" title="Instagram">Instagram</a>, <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reddit" title="Reddit">Reddit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twitch_(service)" title="Twitch (service)">Twitch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat">Snapchat</a>, <a href="/wiki/TikTok" title="TikTok">TikTok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Discord" title="Discord">Discord</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viber" title="Viber">Viber</a>, <a href="/wiki/WeChat" title="WeChat">WeChat</a>, and <a href="/wiki/WhatsApp" title="WhatsApp">WhatsApp</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The origins of online influencing can be traced back to the emergence of digital blogs and platforms in the early 2000s. Nevertheless recent studies demonstrate that Instagram, an application with more than one billion users, harbors the majority of the influencer demographic.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These individuals are sometimes referred to as "Instagrammers" or "Instafamous." A crucial aspect of influencing lies in their association with sponsors. The 2015 debut of Vamp, a company that links influencers with sponsorships, transformed the landscape of influencing.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is much debate about whether social media influencers can be considered celebrities, as their path to fame is often less traditional and arguably easier. Melody Nouri<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> addresses the differences between the two types in her article "The Power of Influence: Traditional Celebrities vs Social Media Influencer".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nouri asserts that social media platforms have a greater negative impact on young, impressionable audiences compared to traditional media like magazines, billboards, advertisements, and tabloids featuring celebrities. Online it is thought to be simpler to manipulate an image and lifestyle in such a way that viewers are more susceptible to believing it. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influencers_and_marketing_networks">Influencers and marketing networks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_celebrity&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Influencers and marketing networks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The early 2000s showed corporate endeavors to leverage the internet for influence, with some companies participating in forums for promotions or providing <a href="/wiki/Bloggers" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloggers">bloggers</a> with complimentary products in return for favorable reviews. A few of these practices were viewed as unethical for taking advantage of the labor of young individuals without providing remuneration.<sup id="cite_ref-wired_guide_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wired_guide-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Blogstar Network was established in 2004 by Ted Murphy of MindComet. Bloggers were encouraged to join an email list and receive remunerated offers from corporations in exchange for creating specific posts. For instance, bloggers were compensated for writing reviews of fast-food meals on their blogs. Blogstar is widely regarded as the first influencer marketing network.<sup id="cite_ref-wired_guide_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wired_guide-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Murphy succeeded Blogstar with PayPerPost, which was introduced in 2006. This platform compensated significant posters on prominent forums and social media platforms for every post made about a corporate product. Payment rates were determined by the influencer's status.<sup id="cite_ref-wired_guide_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wired_guide-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though very popular, PayPerPost, received a great deal of criticism as these influencers were not required to disclose their involvement with PayPerPost as traditional journalism would have.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the success of PayPerPost, the public became aware that there was a drive for corporate interests to influence what some people were posting to these sites.<sup id="cite_ref-wired_guide_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wired_guide-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The platform also incentivized other firms to establish comparable programs. Despite concerns, marketing networks with influencers continued to grow throughout the 2000s and into the 2010s. The influencer marketing industry is expected to be worth up to $15 billion by 2022, up from as much as $8 billion in 2019, according to estimates from Business Insider Intelligence, which are based on Mediakix data.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Evan Asano, the Former CEO and founder of the agency Mediakix, previously spoke with <a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a> and said he believed influencer marketing on Instagram would continue to grow despite likes being hidden.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the 2010s, the term "influencer" described digital <a href="/wiki/Content_creator" class="mw-redirect" title="Content creator">content creators</a> with a large following, distinctive brand persona, and a patterned relationship with commercial sponsors.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consumers often mistakenly view celebrities as reliable, leading to trust and confidence in the products being promoted.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2001 study from <a href="/wiki/Rutgers_University" title="Rutgers University">Rutgers University</a> discovered that individuals were using "internet forums as influential sources of consumer information." The study proposes that consumers preferred internet forums and social media when making purchasing decisions over conventional advertising and print sources. An influencer's personality strongly impacts their audience's purchasing decision, with those who engage with their audience being more persuasive in encouraging product purchases. Companies today place great importance on feedback and comments received through social media platforms as consumers trust other consumers. Reviews are often relied on to persuade consumers to make a purchase, highlighting the impact of a negative review on a business's revenue.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A typical method of marketing between the influencer and the audience is "<a href="/wiki/B2C" class="mw-redirect" title="B2C">B2C marketing</a>". B2C marketing, meaning Business to Consumer marketing, entails the strategies which a business would undertake to promote themselves and their services directly to their target audiences. This is typically through advertising and creating content through the influencer themselves. The intention is that their followers, who relate or look up to certain influencers, will be more inclined to purchase an item because their favorite "Internet celebrity" recommended it.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Internet celebrities typically promote a lifestyle of beauty and luxury fashion and foster consumer–brand relationships, while selling their own lines of merchandise.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"Digital Branding: A Comprehensive Step-by-Step Guide to Strategy, Tactics, Tools, and Metrics" by David Rowles explains the methods online influencers employ to increase their audience and brand visibility. Digital branding encompasses all online experiences and necessitates value provision."<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is suggested that users are already familiar with the lives of their influencers as devoted followers. This makes it easy for them to promote companies as their followers feel as though they know the celebrities they follow, despite the reality being different. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Self-branding">Self-branding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_celebrity&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Self-branding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Self-branding, also known as <a href="/wiki/Personal_branding" title="Personal branding">personal branding</a>, describes the development of a public image for commercial gain or social or cultural capital.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rise of social media has been exploited by individuals seeking personal fame and product sales. Platforms such as <a href="/wiki/Instagram" title="Instagram">Instagram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twitch_(service)" title="Twitch (service)">Twitch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat">Snapchat</a>, <a href="/wiki/VSCO" title="VSCO">VSCO</a>, <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>, and <a href="/wiki/TikTok" title="TikTok">TikTok</a>, are the most common social media outlets on which online influencers attempt to build a following. Fame can be attained through different avenues and media forms, including art, humor, modeling, and <a href="/wiki/Podcast" title="Podcast">podcasts</a>. Marketing experts have concluded that anyone can build websites easily without any technical knowledge or complex coding languages. They can upload text, pictures, and videos instantly from personal computers or phones. With technological barriers diminishing, the web has become the ideal platform for personal branding.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_celebrity&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248332772">.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:disc}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-empty-cell,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}</style><table class="box-Multiple_issues plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>This section has multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Internet_celebrity" title="Special:EditPage/Internet celebrity">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="/wiki/Talk:Internet_celebrity" title="Talk:Internet celebrity">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>)</i></small> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Off_topic plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>may contain material <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_writing_better_articles#Stay_on_topic" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Guide to writing better articles">not related to the topic of the article</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Internet_celebrity&action=edit">improve this section</a> or discuss this issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Internet_celebrity" title="Talk:Internet celebrity">talk page</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Tone plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Tone" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article's <b>tone or style may not reflect the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Tone" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">encyclopedic tone</a> used on Wikipedia</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> See Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Tone" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">guide to writing better articles</a> for suggestions.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Internet_celebrity" title="Special:EditPage/Internet celebrity">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Internet+celebrity%22">"Internet celebrity"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Internet+celebrity%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Internet+celebrity%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Internet+celebrity%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Internet+celebrity%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Internet+celebrity%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Depending on their rise to fame, internet celebrities may reach their audiences in different ways. Some people write journals or blogs, some make YouTube or TikTok videos, others post frequently on Instagram or Twitter (X). The Internet has made fame accessible to and attainable for the general public.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In some cases, people might rise to fame through a single <a href="/wiki/Viral_phenomenon" title="Viral phenomenon">viral event</a> or <a href="/wiki/Viral_video" title="Viral video">viral video</a>, and become an <a href="/wiki/Internet_meme" title="Internet meme">Internet meme</a>. For example, <a href="/wiki/Zach_Anner" title="Zach Anner">Zach Anner</a>, a comedian from <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin, Texas</a>, gained worldwide attention after submitting a video to <a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a>'s "Search for the Next TV Star" competition.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Daily_Texan_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Daily_Texan-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Viral videos from internet celebrities could entail a funny event happening in the moment, a popular new dance, or even a post on Twitter, such as the "Alex from Target" tweet in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many other people build their followings slowly over time, sharing their daily life and passions with people. Families such as the LaBrant Family and The Bucket List Family share their children, life experiences, and travels with their followers. Individuals such as <a href="/wiki/MrBeast" title="MrBeast">MrBeast</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Dobrik" title="David Dobrik">David Dobrik</a> post content about their lifestyle and host challenges and giveaways. </p><p>Although multiple studies offer slightly differing views, internet celebrities, or influencers, can be broken into five or six different categories: Nano, Micro, Mid-tier, Macro, Mega, and Celebrity.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Nano influencers: 1,000 – 10,000 followers</li> <li>Micro influencers: 10,000 – 50,000 followers</li> <li>Mid-tier influencers: 50,000 – 500,000 followers</li> <li>Macro influencers: 500,000 – 1,000,000 followers</li> <li>Mega influencers: 1,000,000 – 5,000,000 followers</li> <li>Celebrities: Above 5,000,000 followers<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="YouTubers_and_vloggers">YouTubers and vloggers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_celebrity&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: YouTubers and vloggers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/YouTuber" title="YouTuber">YouTuber</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vlog" title="Vlog">Vlog</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PewDiePie_at_PAX_2015_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/PewDiePie_at_PAX_2015_crop.jpg/160px-PewDiePie_at_PAX_2015_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/PewDiePie_at_PAX_2015_crop.jpg/240px-PewDiePie_at_PAX_2015_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/PewDiePie_at_PAX_2015_crop.jpg/320px-PewDiePie_at_PAX_2015_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1776" data-file-height="2367" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/PewDiePie" title="PewDiePie">PewDiePie</a> is an internet celebrity and the fourth most subscribed individual <a href="/wiki/YouTuber" title="YouTuber">YouTuber</a>. Overall, he has the ninth-most subscribed <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> channel.</figcaption></figure> <p>YouTube has risen as one of the biggest platforms for launching internet celebrities. YouTube creators (known as <a href="/wiki/YouTuber" title="YouTuber">YouTubers</a>), regardless of the genres or types of videos they make, have created an industry that can generate revenue from video views and online popularity. For example, Swedish internet celebrity <a href="/wiki/PewDiePie" title="PewDiePie">PewDiePie</a> uploads <a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">gaming</a> and comedy videos on YouTube. As of October 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Internet_celebrity&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, he has around 110 million subscribers and is the fourth most-subscribed non-corporation YouTuber. </p><p>Every minute, 300 hours of videos are uploaded to YouTube, and 5 billion videos are watched every day.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 2014, <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)"><i>Variety</i></a> wrote that YouTubers are more popular than mainstream celebrities among U.S. teens.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Advertisers, in an effort to reach teenagers and millennials who do not watch regular television and movies, have started contacting YouTubers and other internet celebrities.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>YouTube's <a href="/wiki/AdSense" class="mw-redirect" title="AdSense">AdSense</a> program enables creators to earn money from advertisements. AdSense has certain requirements—a YouTuber must have more than 1,000 subscribers, live in an eligible country, and have more than 4,000 hours of watch time within a year to be eligible.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Micro-celebrities">Micro-celebrities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_celebrity&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Micro-celebrities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A micro-celebrity, also known as a micro-influencer, is a person famous within a niche group of users on a social media platform. Micro-celebrities often present themselves as public figures.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The concept of the micro-celebrity was originally developed by Theresa Senft and P. A. Poitier in their 2008 book, <i>Camgirls: Celebrity and Community in the Age of Social Networks</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Senft and Poitier, the concept of the micro-celebrity "is best understood as a new style of online performance that involves people 'amping up' their popularity over the Web using technologies like video, blogs and social networking sites".<sup id="cite_ref-:1_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A micro-celebrity is also known as "a form of identity linked almost exclusively to the internet, characterizing a process by which people express, create and share their identities online".<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, micro-celebrities differ from more traditional forms of celebrities associated with <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_(film_industry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollywood (film industry)">Hollywood</a> stars because a micro-celebrity's popularity is often directly linked to their audience, and the audience comes to expect a certain degree of authenticity and transparency.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The Internet allows the masses to wrest control of fame from traditional media, creating micro-celebrities with the click of a mouse.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>David Weinberger of the <a href="/wiki/Berkman_Klein_Center_for_Internet_%26_Society" title="Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society">Harvard Berkman Center for Internet and Society</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wanghong">Wanghong</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_celebrity&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Wanghong"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Wanghong_economy" title="Wanghong economy"><i>Wanghong</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">网红</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">wǎnghóng</span></i>; <abbr title="Literal translation"><small>lit.</small></abbr> 'Internet fame') is the Chinese version of Internet stardom. The <a href="/wiki/Wanghong_economy" title="Wanghong economy"><i>wanghong</i> economy</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_China" title="Economy of China">Chinese digital economy</a> based on <a href="/wiki/Influencer_marketing" title="Influencer marketing">influencer marketing</a> in social media.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some <i>wanghong</i> celebrities generate profits via retail or <a href="/wiki/E-commerce" title="E-commerce">e-commerce</a>, through attracting the attention of their followers. Internet celebrities have become a popular phenomenon in China. For example, <a href="/wiki/Sister_Furong" title="Sister Furong">Sister Furong</a> (<i>Fúróng Jiějiě,</i> 芙蓉姐姐) received worldwide notoriety and fame for her <a href="/wiki/Self-promotion" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-promotion">self-promotion</a> efforts through online posts.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to CBN Data, a commercial data company affiliated with <a href="/wiki/Alibaba_Group" title="Alibaba Group">Alibaba Group</a>, the Chinese internet celebrity economy was estimated to be worth <a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">CN¥</a>58 billion (<span style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>8.4 billion</span>) in 2016, more than China's total cinema <a href="/wiki/Box_office" title="Box office">box office</a> revenue in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are two main business models in the <i>wanghong</i> economy: social media advertising, and online retail. In the online retailing business model, e-commerce-based <i>wanghong</i> use social media platforms to sell self-branded products to potential buyers among followers via Chinese <a href="/wiki/Customer-to-customer" class="mw-redirect" title="Customer-to-customer">customer-to-customer</a> (C2C) websites, such as <a href="/wiki/Taobao" title="Taobao">Taobao</a>. Internet celebrities may promote their products by modeling for their shops by posting pictures or videos of themselves wearing the clothes or accessories they sell, or giving makeup or fashion tips.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They serve as key opinion leaders for their followers, who either aspire to be like them or look up to them. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Dayi" title="Zhang Dayi">Zhang Dayi</a> (张大奕)—one of China's best-known <i>wanghong</i> according to <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>, with 4.9 million followers on <a href="/wiki/Sina_Weibo" class="mw-redirect" title="Sina Weibo">Sina Weibo</a>—has an online shop on Taobao, reportedly earning CN¥300 million (<span style="white-space: nowrap">US$46 million</span>) per year.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is comparable to the <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$21 million</span> made by <a href="/wiki/Fan_Bingbing" title="Fan Bingbing">Fan Bingbing</a> (范冰冰), a top Chinese actress. <a href="/wiki/Li_Ziqi_(food_blogger)" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Ziqi (food blogger)">Li Ziqi</a> (李子柒), a celebrity food blogger with more than 16 million followers on Weibo, has inspired many bloggers to post similar content on traditional <a href="/wiki/Chinese_cooking" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese cooking">Chinese cooking</a> and crafts.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_China" title="Censorship in China">Censorship in China</a> has created an independent <a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a> ecosystem that has become successful in its own way.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For every Western social media platform, there is a comparable Chinese version; Chinese social media platforms, however, generate revenue differently. The greatest difference between Chinese internet celebrities and their Western counterparts is that the profits generated by Chinese celebrities can be immense. Unlike YouTube, which takes 45% of advertising revenue,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sina Weibo, one of the largest Chinese social media platforms, is not involved in advertising, which allows internet celebrities to be more independent. The monthly income of Chinese influencers can exceed CN¥10 million (<span style="white-space: nowrap">US$1.5 million</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Net_idols">Net idols</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_celebrity&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Net idols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_idol" title="Japanese idol">Japanese idol</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_net_idols" title="List of net idols">List of net idols</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, a specific type of internet celebrity is known as a net idol<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ネットアイドル</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Netto aidoru</i></span>)</span>, a sub-category of the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_idol" title="Japanese idol">idol industry in Japan</a>. Net idols first emerged in the 1990s through personal websites and blogs when internet became more accessible, with some selling personal merchandise such as photo books through their websites.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around March 2007, <a href="/wiki/Dance_cover" class="mw-redirect" title="Dance cover">dance covers</a> (known as <i>odottemita</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">踊ってみた</span></span>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> "I tried dancing")</span>) became popular in video-sharing websites such as <a href="/wiki/Niconico" title="Niconico">Niconico</a>, which in turn led people into performing choreographed dances from anime series and idol groups.<sup id="cite_ref-gadget_2010-01-23_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gadget_2010-01-23-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notable creators of dance covers, known as <i>odorite</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">踊り手</span></span>)</span>, who later debuted as idols include Kozue Aikawa from <a href="/wiki/Danceroid" title="Danceroid">Danceroid</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Beckii_Cruel" title="Beckii Cruel">Beckii Cruel</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Keekihime" title="Keekihime">Keekihime</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ascii_2013-04-25_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ascii_2013-04-25-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="VTubers">VTubers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_celebrity&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: VTubers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kizuna_AI_-_SCP_Foundation_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Kizuna_AI_-_SCP_Foundation_2.png/190px-Kizuna_AI_-_SCP_Foundation_2.png" decoding="async" width="190" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Kizuna_AI_-_SCP_Foundation_2.png/285px-Kizuna_AI_-_SCP_Foundation_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Kizuna_AI_-_SCP_Foundation_2.png/380px-Kizuna_AI_-_SCP_Foundation_2.png 2x" data-file-width="599" data-file-height="685" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kizuna_AI" title="Kizuna AI">Kizuna AI</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/VTuber" title="VTuber">VTuber</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/VTuber" title="VTuber">VTubers</a> or virtual Youtubers are entertainers that use digital 3D model avatars that are computer generated. VTubers originated from Japan, beginning in the early 2010s, and have risen in popularity in the 2020s. The first virtual Youtuber was Ami Yamato,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who debuted on May 18, 2011; the first VTuber who had used the phrase "virtual Youtuber" is <a href="/wiki/Kizuna_AI" title="Kizuna AI">Kizuna AI</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who began entertaining in 2016. The appeal of VTubers is similar to a real person, except the entertainer may choose to remain anonymous through their VTuber persona. The 2D anime virtual avatars appealed to many Japanese fans and popularity began to spread internationally. In October 2021, there has been reported to be 16,000<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> VTubers around the world. </p><p>VTubers function in a similar fashion to YouTubers and <a href="/wiki/Video_game_livestreaming" title="Video game livestreaming">streamers</a>, with some VTubers being music artists. These VTubers that were music artists or broadcast their musical talent would be dubbed "VSinger" (virtual singer).<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Agencies such as <a href="/wiki/Hololive_Production" title="Hololive Production">Hololive</a> and <a href="/wiki/VShojo" title="VShojo">VShojo</a>, scout and hire these VTubers to aid in marketing and build popularity. Their trademark character being the VTuber avatar or a 2D anime form of that character on the album covers, allowing recognition of the avatar and for the agency.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Income">Income</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_celebrity&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Income"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chiara_Ferragni_-_Giorgio_Armani_Show_-_Milan_Fashion_Week_-_23_Sept._2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chiara_Ferragni_-_Giorgio_Armani_Show_-_Milan_Fashion_Week_-_23_Sept._2013.jpg/190px-Chiara_Ferragni_-_Giorgio_Armani_Show_-_Milan_Fashion_Week_-_23_Sept._2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chiara_Ferragni_-_Giorgio_Armani_Show_-_Milan_Fashion_Week_-_23_Sept._2013.jpg/285px-Chiara_Ferragni_-_Giorgio_Armani_Show_-_Milan_Fashion_Week_-_23_Sept._2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chiara_Ferragni_-_Giorgio_Armani_Show_-_Milan_Fashion_Week_-_23_Sept._2013.jpg/380px-Chiara_Ferragni_-_Giorgio_Armani_Show_-_Milan_Fashion_Week_-_23_Sept._2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chiara_Ferragni" title="Chiara Ferragni">Chiara Ferragni</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Fashion_influencer" title="Fashion influencer">fashion influencer</a> and blogger known for her sponsored fashion posts.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2023 in the United States, 27 million people were paid content creators.<sup id="cite_ref-Hamilton_2024_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hamilton_2024-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Keller_2023_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keller_2023-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of those,<sup id="cite_ref-Hamilton_2024_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hamilton_2024-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 12 million did content creation as their full-time profession.<sup id="cite_ref-Keller_2023_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keller_2023-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 8 million did it as part-time work, and 7 million did it as a hobby.<sup id="cite_ref-Keller_2023_58-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keller_2023-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Different types of internet celebrities can make money in various ways, but most of them earn money from <a href="/wiki/Testimonial" title="Testimonial">endorsements</a> or sponsorships. Internet celebrities can use their fame to promote products or experiences to their followers, as a method of providing credibility to products.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In social media advertising, internet celebrities can be paid to advertise products. When they have garnered sufficient attention and following, they can be approached by advertising companies to help advertise products and reach a wider audience. Endorsements for fashion and cosmetic products are common for Instagram internet influencers. <a href="/wiki/YouTubers" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTubers">YouTubers</a> tend to advertise a wider array of products, regardless of relevance to their genre of content. </p><p>Influencers can also expand their source of revenue by creating their own products or <a href="/wiki/Merchandise" class="mw-redirect" title="Merchandise">merchandise</a> to sell.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By doing this, and by using their platform to promote their products to an established audience, influencers can earn money by developing their own reputable brands. Bloggers can feature sponsored posts in social media to make profits.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For instance, fashion blogger <a href="/wiki/Chiara_Ferragni" title="Chiara Ferragni">Chiara Ferragni</a> started as an online blogger, and then gained millions of followers on Instagram. She later created her brand, the Chiara Ferragni Collection. Like many other Instagram celebrities, Ferragni started by charging money per post for promoting brands. She earns revenue from promotional Instagram posts and the sale of her own products.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, a report by venture-capital firm SignalFire stated that the economy spawned by internet creators was the "fastest-growing type of small business".<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Advertising_regulations">Advertising regulations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_celebrity&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Advertising regulations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite the recent emergence of influencer culture, influencer marketing and advertising it is left highly unregulated by existing legislation. This became a prevalent concern when users on social media platforms were finding it difficult to distinguish any differences between advertisements and sponsorships with personal posts. This was evident with the mismanagement of <a href="/wiki/Fyre_Festival" title="Fyre Festival">Fyre Festival</a>, where numerous Instagram influencers were sanctioned for their lack of transparency.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led to a massive backlash from the public, who felt the promotion of the event deliberately misled and confused target audiences. As a result, numerous advertising bodies sought to introduce strict regulations and guidelines around influencer marketing. This includes the AANA (Australian Associations of National Advertisers), who states that influencer advertising must be "clearly distinguishable".<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2024, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission" title="Federal Trade Commission">Federal Trade Commission</a> voted unanimously to ban marketers from using fake <a href="/wiki/User_review" title="User review">user reviews</a> created by <a href="/wiki/Generative_artificial_intelligence" title="Generative artificial intelligence">generative artificial intelligence</a> <a href="/wiki/Chatbot" title="Chatbot">chatbots</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/ChatGPT" title="ChatGPT">ChatGPT</a>) and influencers paying for <a href="/wiki/Social_bot" title="Social bot">bots</a> to increase <a href="/wiki/Friending_and_following" title="Friending and following">follower counts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cancel_culture">Cancel culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_celebrity&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Cancel culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Cancel_culture" title="Cancel culture">Cancel culture</a> is a form of ostracism where an individual is excluded from social or professional circles because of certain past or present actions or allegations. The act may occur on social media platforms or in person. Cancel culture is a common term among internet celebrities where they may lose their source of income, fans, or reputation because of their controversial actions. For example, Beauty Guru YouTuber <a href="/wiki/Jeffree_Star" title="Jeffree Star">Jeffree Star</a> has faced many allegations of misconduct in his career, which include <a href="/wiki/Cyberbullying" title="Cyberbullying">cyberbullying</a> and vocally expressing racist remarks. On July 10, 2020, the makeup brand Morphe cut ties and ceased all makeup collaborations with Jeffree Star because his problematic past had resurfaced.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The year before that, Kuwaiti celebrity <a href="/wiki/Sondos_Alqattan" title="Sondos Alqattan">Sondos Alqattan</a> was "cancelled" for criticising Filipinos. As a result of this, some brands cut ties with her.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interacting_with_fans">Interacting with fans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_celebrity&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Interacting with fans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VidCon-Outside.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/VidCon-Outside.jpg/220px-VidCon-Outside.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/VidCon-Outside.jpg/330px-VidCon-Outside.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/VidCon-Outside.jpg/440px-VidCon-Outside.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/VidCon" title="VidCon">VidCon</a> 2017</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Meetup" title="Meetup">Meetups</a> are often a way internet celebrities interact with fans in real life. Occasionally, an internet celebrity might organize a meetup and invite fans to meet them at a certain place and time without proper organization. This can attract crowds of fans, causing disorderly or even unsafe situations. For example, <a href="/wiki/Tana_Mongeau" title="Tana Mongeau"><i>Tanacon</i></a> was an organization produced in collaboration with talent manager <a href="/wiki/Michael_Weist" title="Michael Weist">Michael Weist</a><sup id="cite_ref-How_do_you_make_money_off_social_media?_Just_ask_'Jawline's'_star_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-How_do_you_make_money_off_social_media?_Just_ask_'Jawline's'_star-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> involving a group of internet celebrities who were set to meet paying fans, but did not follow through. Because of the disorganized setup, the meetup resulted in chaos.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alternatively, events can be organized at a venue with security personnel. <a href="/wiki/VidCon" title="VidCon">VidCon</a> is an annual organized video conference designed for people interested in online videos. It invites internet content creators to participate in events for paying fans, such as performances, panels, and meet-and-greets.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Effect_on_fans">Effect on fans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_celebrity&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Effect on fans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Internet celebrities can draw in a devoted crowd of fans whether their reach is small or wide. A scholarly article published from <a href="/wiki/Thammasat_University" title="Thammasat University">Thammasat University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> explains that the younger generation is becoming more attracted to the path of fame compared to the typical intellectual development and financial security route.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The appearance of the ease and simplicity of the life of internet celebrities obstructs the reality of what this life often really entails. Seeing influencers display the highlights of their lives has shown to produce some unintended effects on fans.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VidCon_attendees_(14350632799).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/VidCon_attendees_%2814350632799%29.jpg/220px-VidCon_attendees_%2814350632799%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/VidCon_attendees_%2814350632799%29.jpg/330px-VidCon_attendees_%2814350632799%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/VidCon_attendees_%2814350632799%29.jpg/440px-VidCon_attendees_%2814350632799%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption>Fans at the 2014 VidCon event where hundreds of individuals wait to see their favorite internet celebrity YouTubers</figcaption></figure> <p>Those who closely follow the lives of internet celebrities are more likely to develop psychological difficulties such as anxiety, depression, and dissociation.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although many internet celebrities appreciate the support and loyalty of their viewers and fans, the dedication to their lives can sometimes be intense. Fans may develop extreme behaviors or attitudes towards their favorite celebrities that can be identified as obsessive or may sometimes result to criminal behavior.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The younger crowd are also being impacted through seeing their internet celebrities on different social media platforms. <i>The Journal of Behavioral Addictions</i> published by <a href="/wiki/Akad%C3%A9miai_Kiad%C3%B3" title="Akadémiai Kiadó">Akademiai Kiado</a> evaluates a study that was done on Hungarian adolescents demonstrate these effects. The research found that the desire for fame on the internet was negatively associated with self-acceptance and potentially result to materialism and the desire for social recognition.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_72-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Internet celebrities are also able to influence fans through creating <a href="/wiki/Parasocial_relationships" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasocial relationships">parasocial relationships</a> with their audiences. For example, <a href="/wiki/Kim_Kardashian" title="Kim Kardashian">Kim Kardashian</a> frequently creates the appearance of authenticity through harnessing the emotions of her audience. In Lueck's (2012) study they find that 60% of her Facebook advertising contains an "embedded emotional/transformational story".<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her social media posts blur the boundaries between commercial promotion and personal storytelling, making it more difficult for followers to distinguish between authentic messages and promotional material. This motivates the followers to engage in particular purchasing behaviours which reflects her parasocial influence. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_celebrity&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celebrity_culture" title="Celebrity culture">Celebrity culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_activism" title="Internet activism">Internet activism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Hall_of_Fame" title="Internet Hall of Fame">Internet Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kid_influencer" title="Kid influencer">Kid influencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_phenomena" title="List of Internet phenomena">List of Internet phenomena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_streamer" title="Online streamer">Online streamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_model" title="Role model">Role model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media_marketing" title="Social media marketing">Social media marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usenet_celebrity" class="mw-redirect" title="Usenet celebrity">Usenet celebrity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_influencer" title="Virtual influencer">Virtual influencer</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_celebrity&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statista.com/statistics/272014/global-social-networks-ranked-by-number-of-users/">"Most used social media 2021"</a>. <i>Statista</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190917142233/https://www.statista.com/statistics/272014/global-social-networks-ranked-by-number-of-users/">Archived</a> from the original on September 17, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 23,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statista&rft.atitle=Most+used+social+media+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statista.com%2Fstatistics%2F272014%2Fglobal-social-networks-ranked-by-number-of-users%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchoutenJanssenVerspaget2020" class="citation journal cs1">Schouten, Alexander P.; Janssen, Loes; Verspaget, Maegan (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02650487.2019.1634898">"Celebrity vs. Influencer endorsements in advertising: the role of identification, credibility, and Product-Endorser fit"</a>. <i>International Journal of Advertising</i>. <b>39</b> (2): 258–281. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02650487.2019.1634898">10.1080/02650487.2019.1634898</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0265-0487">0265-0487</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:198608820">198608820</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Advertising&rft.atitle=Celebrity+vs.+Influencer+endorsements+in+advertising%3A+the+role+of+identification%2C+credibility%2C+and+Product-Endorser+fit&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=258-281&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A198608820%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0265-0487&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02650487.2019.1634898&rft.aulast=Schouten&rft.aufirst=Alexander+P.&rft.au=Janssen%2C+Loes&rft.au=Verspaget%2C+Maegan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F02650487.2019.1634898&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wired_guide-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wired_guide_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wired_guide_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wired_guide_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wired_guide_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wired_guide_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wired_guide_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartinue2019" class="citation magazine cs1">Martinue, Paris (December 6, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/story/what-is-an-influencer/">"The WIRED Guide to Influencers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220906181916/https://www.wired.com/story/what-is-an-influencer/">Archived</a> from the original on September 6, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=The+WIRED+Guide+to+Influencers&rft.date=2019-12-06&rft.aulast=Martinue&rft.aufirst=Paris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Fstory%2Fwhat-is-an-influencer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/then-and-now-a-history-of-social-networking-sites/2/">"Then and now: a history of social networking sites"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a></i>. July 6, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180723003553/https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/then-and-now-a-history-of-social-networking-sites/2/">Archived</a> from the original on July 23, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 9,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Then+and+now%3A+a+history+of+social+networking+sites&rft.date=2011-07-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fpictures%2Fthen-and-now-a-history-of-social-networking-sites%2F2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statista.com/statistics/272014/global-social-networks-ranked-by-number-of-users/">"Most popular social networks worldwide as of April 2019, ranked by number of active users (in millions)"</a>. <i>The Verge</i>. June 20, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190917142233/https://www.statista.com/statistics/272014/global-social-networks-ranked-by-number-of-users/">Archived</a> from the original on September 17, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 9,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Most+popular+social+networks+worldwide+as+of+April+2019%2C+ranked+by+number+of+active+users+%28in+millions%29&rft.date=2018-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statista.com%2Fstatistics%2F272014%2Fglobal-social-networks-ranked-by-number-of-users%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.convinceandconvert.com/social-media-strategy/guide-to-instagram-influencer-marketing-2/">"A Comprehensive Guide to Instagram Influencer Marketing | Social Media Marketing"</a>. <i>Content Marketing Consulting and Social Media Strategy</i>. January 17, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201108160929/https://www.convinceandconvert.com/social-media-strategy/guide-to-instagram-influencer-marketing-2/">Archived</a> from the original on November 8, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 9,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Content+Marketing+Consulting+and+Social+Media+Strategy&rft.atitle=A+Comprehensive+Guide+to+Instagram+Influencer+Marketing+%7C+Social+Media+Marketing&rft.date=2018-01-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.convinceandconvert.com%2Fsocial-media-strategy%2Fguide-to-instagram-influencer-marketing-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChenYanSmith2022" class="citation journal cs1">Chen, Li; Yan, Yajie; Smith, Andrew N. (July 2, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-022-00887-2">"What drives digital engagement with sponsored videos? An investigation of video influencers' authenticity management strategies"</a>. <i>Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science</i>. <b>51</b>: 198–221. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11747-022-00887-2">10.1007/s11747-022-00887-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1552-7824">1552-7824</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:250251697">250251697</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230122154910/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11747-022-00887-2">Archived</a> from the original on January 22, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 26,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Academy+of+Marketing+Science&rft.atitle=What+drives+digital+engagement+with+sponsored+videos%3F+An+investigation+of+video+influencers%27+authenticity+management+strategies&rft.volume=51&rft.pages=198-221&rft.date=2022-07-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A250251697%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1552-7824&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11747-022-00887-2&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Li&rft.au=Yan%2C+Yajie&rft.au=Smith%2C+Andrew+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%2Fs11747-022-00887-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.socialmediatoday.com/news/timeline-a-brief-history-of-influencers/554377/">"[Timeline] A Brief History of Influencers"</a>. <i>Social Media Today</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220826024138/https://www.socialmediatoday.com/news/timeline-a-brief-history-of-influencers/554377/">Archived</a> from the original on August 26, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 26,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Social+Media+Today&rft.atitle=%5BTimeline%5D+A+Brief+History+of+Influencers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.socialmediatoday.com%2Fnews%2Ftimeline-a-brief-history-of-influencers%2F554377%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNouri2018" class="citation journal cs1">Nouri, Melody (September 12, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarcommons.scu.edu/engl_176/32">"The Power of Influence: Traditional Celebrity vs Social Media Influencer"</a>. <i>Pop Culture Intersections</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200806075023/https://scholarcommons.scu.edu/engl_176/32/">Archived</a> from the original on August 6, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 23,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pop+Culture+Intersections&rft.atitle=The+Power+of+Influence%3A+Traditional+Celebrity+vs+Social+Media+Influencer&rft.date=2018-09-12&rft.aulast=Nouri&rft.aufirst=Melody&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarcommons.scu.edu%2Fengl_176%2F32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNouri2018" class="citation journal cs1">Nouri, Melody (September 12, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarcommons.scu.edu/engl_176/32/">"The Power of Influence: Traditional Celebrity vs Social Media Influencer"</a>. <i>Pop Culture Intersections</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200806075023/https://scholarcommons.scu.edu/engl_176/32/">Archived</a> from the original on August 6, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 23,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pop+Culture+Intersections&rft.atitle=The+Power+of+Influence%3A+Traditional+Celebrity+vs+Social+Media+Influencer&rft.date=2018-09-12&rft.aulast=Nouri&rft.aufirst=Melody&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarcommons.scu.edu%2Fengl_176%2F32%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFine2006" class="citation web cs1">Fine, Jon (July 10, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060806160406/http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/06_28/b3992034.htm">"Polluting The Blogosphere"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/06_28/b3992034.htm">the original</a> on August 6, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Polluting+The+Blogosphere&rft.date=2006-07-10&rft.aulast=Fine&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessweek.com%2Fmagazine%2Fcontent%2F06_28%2Fb3992034.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchomer" class="citation web cs1">Schomer, Audrey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/influencer-marketing-report">"Influencer Marketing: State of the social media influencer market in 2020"</a>. <i>Business Insider</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210805081226/https://www.businessinsider.com/influencer-marketing-report">Archived</a> from the original on August 5, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Influencer+Marketing%3A+State+of+the+social+media+influencer+market+in+2020&rft.aulast=Schomer&rft.aufirst=Audrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Finfluencer-marketing-report&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/advertising/news/instagram-is-testing-hiding-likes-and-some-influencers-are-angry-industry-execs-told-us-how-the-change-will-affect-their-business-/articleshow/72014951.cms">"Instagram is testing hiding 'likes' and some influencers are angry. Industry execs told us how the change will affect their business"</a>. <i>Business Insider</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 30,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Instagram+is+testing+hiding+%27likes%27+and+some+influencers+are+angry.+Industry+execs+told+us+how+the+change+will+affect+their+business.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.in%2Fadvertising%2Fnews%2Finstagram-is-testing-hiding-likes-and-some-influencers-are-angry-industry-execs-told-us-how-the-change-will-affect-their-business-%2Farticleshow%2F72014951.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuffy2020" class="citation book cs1">Duffy, Brooke Erin (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/9781119429128.iegmc219">"Social Media Influencers"</a>. <i>The International Encyclopedia of Gender, Media, and Communication</i>. pp. 1–4. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9781119429128.iegmc219">10.1002/9781119429128.iegmc219</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781119429104" title="Special:BookSources/9781119429104"><bdi>9781119429104</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:225776342">225776342</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220402130508/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/9781119429128.iegmc219">Archived</a> from the original on April 2, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 2,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Social+Media+Influencers&rft.btitle=The+International+Encyclopedia+of+Gender%2C+Media%2C+and+Communication&rft.pages=1-4&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A225776342%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F9781119429128.iegmc219&rft.isbn=9781119429104&rft.aulast=Duffy&rft.aufirst=Brooke+Erin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1002%2F9781119429128.iegmc219&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:02_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJuntiwasarakij2018" class="citation journal cs1">Juntiwasarakij, Suwan (September 1, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.kjss.2018.06.014">"Framing emerging behaviors influenced by internet celebrity"</a>. <i>Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences</i>. <b>39</b> (3): 550–555. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.kjss.2018.06.014">10.1016/j.kjss.2018.06.014</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2452-3151">2452-3151</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:158069963">158069963</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kasetsart+Journal+of+Social+Sciences&rft.atitle=Framing+emerging+behaviors+influenced+by+internet+celebrity&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=550-555&rft.date=2018-09-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A158069963%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=2452-3151&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.kjss.2018.06.014&rft.aulast=Juntiwasarakij&rft.aufirst=Suwan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.kjss.2018.06.014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBickartSchindler2001" class="citation journal cs1">Bickart, Barbara; Schindler, Robert M. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vdocuments.mx/embed/v1/internet-forums-as-influential-sources-of-consumer-information.html">"Internet Forums As Influential Sources Of Consumer Information"</a>. <i>Journal of Interactive Marketing</i>. <b>15</b> (3): 31–40. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fdir.1014">10.1002/dir.1014</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:168114871">168114871</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191206163122/https://vdocuments.mx/embed/v1/internet-forums-as-influential-sources-of-consumer-information.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 6, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Interactive+Marketing&rft.atitle=Internet+Forums+As+Influential+Sources+Of+Consumer+Information&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=31-40&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fdir.1014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A168114871%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Bickart&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft.au=Schindler%2C+Robert+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvdocuments.mx%2Fembed%2Fv1%2Finternet-forums-as-influential-sources-of-consumer-information.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLake2020" class="citation web cs1">Lake, Laura (December 26, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thebalancesmb.com/b2b-vs-b2c-marketing-2295828">"Understanding the Differences Between B2B and B2C Marketing"</a>. <i>the balance small business</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225075652/https://www.thebalancesmb.com/b2b-vs-b2c-marketing-2295828">Archived</a> from the original on February 25, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 1,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+balance+small+business&rft.atitle=Understanding+the+Differences+Between+B2B+and+B2C+Marketing&rft.date=2020-12-26&rft.aulast=Lake&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebalancesmb.com%2Fb2b-vs-b2c-marketing-2295828&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:4_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrittHayesBrittPark2020" class="citation journal cs1">Britt, Rebecca K.; Hayes, Jameson L.; Britt, Brian C.; Park, Haseon (May 3, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F15252019.2020.1763873">"Too Big to Sell? A Computational Analysis of Network and Content Characteristics among Mega and Micro Beauty and Fashion Social Media Influencers"</a>. <i>Journal of Interactive Advertising</i>. <b>20</b> (2): 111–118. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F15252019.2020.1763873">10.1080/15252019.2020.1763873</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1525-2019">1525-2019</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:219433187">219433187</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Interactive+Advertising&rft.atitle=Too+Big+to+Sell%3F+A+Computational+Analysis+of+Network+and+Content+Characteristics+among+Mega+and+Micro+Beauty+and+Fashion+Social+Media+Influencers&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=111-118&rft.date=2020-05-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A219433187%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1525-2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F15252019.2020.1763873&rft.aulast=Britt&rft.aufirst=Rebecca+K.&rft.au=Hayes%2C+Jameson+L.&rft.au=Britt%2C+Brian+C.&rft.au=Park%2C+Haseon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F15252019.2020.1763873&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRowels2014" class="citation book cs1">Rowels, David (2014). <i>Digital Branding: A Complete Step-by-Step Guide to Strategy, Tactics and Measurement</i>. Kogan Page.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Digital+Branding%3A+A+Complete+Step-by-Step+Guide+to+Strategy%2C+Tactics+and+Measurement&rft.pub=Kogan+Page&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Rowels&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhamisAngWelling2017" class="citation journal cs1">Khamis, Susie; Ang, Lawrence; Welling, Raymond (April 3, 2017). "Self-branding, 'micro-celebrity' and the rise of Social Media Influencers". <i>Celebrity Studies</i>. <b>8</b> (2): 191–208. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F19392397.2016.1218292">10.1080/19392397.2016.1218292</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10453%2F98736">10453/98736</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1939-2397">1939-2397</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:59289264">59289264</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Celebrity+Studies&rft.atitle=Self-branding%2C+%27micro-celebrity%27+and+the+rise+of+Social+Media+Influencers&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=191-208&rft.date=2017-04-03&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10453%2F98736&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A59289264%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1939-2397&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F19392397.2016.1218292&rft.aulast=Khamis&rft.aufirst=Susie&rft.au=Ang%2C+Lawrence&rft.au=Welling%2C+Raymond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLabrecqueMarkosMilne2011" class="citation journal cs1">Labrecque, Lauren I.; Markos, Ereni; Milne, George R. (February 2011). "Online Personal Branding: Processes, Challenges, and Implications". <i>Journal of Interactive Marketing</i>. <b>25</b> (1): 37–50. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.intmar.2010.09.002">10.1016/j.intmar.2010.09.002</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12010%2F9095">20.500.12010/9095</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:167381412">167381412</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Interactive+Marketing&rft.atitle=Online+Personal+Branding%3A+Processes%2C+Challenges%2C+and+Implications&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=37-50&rft.date=2011-02&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F20.500.12010%2F9095&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A167381412%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.intmar.2010.09.002&rft.aulast=Labrecque&rft.aufirst=Lauren+I.&rft.au=Markos%2C+Ereni&rft.au=Milne%2C+George+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGamson2011" class="citation journal cs1">Gamson, Joshua (October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2011.126.4.1061">"The Unwatched Life Is Not Worth Living: The Elevation of the Ordinary in Celebrity Culture"</a>. <i>Publications of the Modern Language Association of America</i>. <b>126</b> (4): 1061–1069. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1632%2Fpmla.2011.126.4.1061">10.1632/pmla.2011.126.4.1061</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0030-8129">0030-8129</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:59355773">59355773</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Publications+of+the+Modern+Language+Association+of+America&rft.atitle=The+Unwatched+Life+Is+Not+Worth+Living%3A+The+Elevation+of+the+Ordinary+in+Celebrity+Culture&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1061-1069&rft.date=2011-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A59355773%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0030-8129&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1632%2Fpmla.2011.126.4.1061&rft.aulast=Gamson&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1632%2Fpmla.2011.126.4.1061&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Daily_Texan-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Daily_Texan_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRich2010" class="citation web cs1">Rich, Gerald (June 16, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailytexanonline.com/2010/06/16/zach-anner-flattens-next-oprah-competition">"Zach Anner flattens 'Next Oprah' competition"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Texan" title="The Daily Texan">The Daily Texan</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/The_University_of_Texas_at_Austin" class="mw-redirect" title="The University of Texas at Austin">The University of Texas at Austin</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130926231628/http://www.dailytexanonline.com/2010/06/16/zach-anner-flattens-next-oprah-competition">Archived</a> from the original on September 26, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 5,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Texan&rft.atitle=Zach+Anner+flattens+%27Next+Oprah%27+competition&rft.date=2010-06-16&rft.aulast=Rich&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailytexanonline.com%2F2010%2F06%2F16%2Fzach-anner-flattens-next-oprah-competition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBilton2014" class="citation news cs1">Bilton, Nick (November 12, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/13/style/alex-from-target-the-other-side-of-fame.html">"Alex From Target: The Other Side of Fame (Published 2014)"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201118231030/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/13/style/alex-from-target-the-other-side-of-fame.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 18, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Alex+From+Target%3A+The+Other+Side+of+Fame+%28Published+2014%29&rft.date=2014-11-12&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Bilton&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F11%2F13%2Fstyle%2Falex-from-target-the-other-side-of-fame.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiltnerHighfield2017" class="citation journal cs1">Miltner, Kate M.; Highfield, Tim (July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F2056305117725223">"Never Gonna GIF You Up: Analyzing the Cultural Significance of the Animated GIF"</a>. <i>Social Media + Society</i>. <b>3</b> (3): 205630511772522. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F2056305117725223">10.1177/2056305117725223</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11820%2Ff0841c5d-45bc-40e5-b4ba-f89e8c5fd847">20.500.11820/f0841c5d-45bc-40e5-b4ba-f89e8c5fd847</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2056-3051">2056-3051</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:64608249">64608249</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Media+%2B+Society&rft.atitle=Never+Gonna+GIF+You+Up%3A+Analyzing+the+Cultural+Significance+of+the+Animated+GIF&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=205630511772522&rft.date=2017-07&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F20.500.11820%2Ff0841c5d-45bc-40e5-b4ba-f89e8c5fd847&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A64608249%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=2056-3051&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F2056305117725223&rft.aulast=Miltner&rft.aufirst=Kate+M.&rft.au=Highfield%2C+Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1177%252F2056305117725223&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cmswire.com/digital-marketing/social-media-influencers-mega-macro-micro-or-nano/">"Social Media Influencers: Mega, Macro, Micro or Nano"</a>. <i>CMSWire.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200318160104/https://www.cmswire.com/digital-marketing/social-media-influencers-mega-macro-micro-or-nano/">Archived</a> from the original on March 18, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CMSWire.com&rft.atitle=Social+Media+Influencers%3A+Mega%2C+Macro%2C+Micro+or+Nano&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cmswire.com%2Fdigital-marketing%2Fsocial-media-influencers-mega-macro-micro-or-nano%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmith_Prabhu2023" class="citation book cs1">Amith Prabhu, Sujith Patil (2023). <i>The Pursuit Of Reputation</i> (1st ed.). New Delhi: Westland Business. p. 68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789357768399" title="Special:BookSources/9789357768399"><bdi>9789357768399</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pursuit+Of+Reputation&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=68&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Westland+Business&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9789357768399&rft.aulast=Amith+Prabhu&rft.aufirst=Sujith+Patil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The 2020 Influencer Marketing Playbook</i>. Linqia, Inc. 2019. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+2020+Influencer+Marketing+Playbook&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Linqia%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201022034534/http://videonitch.com/2017/12/13/36-mind-blowing-youtube-facts-figures-statistics-2017-re-post/">"36 Mind Blowing YouTube Facts, Figures and Statistics – 2017 (re-post)"</a>. <i>Videonitch</i>. December 13, 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://videonitch.com/2017/12/13/36-mind-blowing-youtube-facts-figures-statistics-2017-re-post/">the original</a> on October 22, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Videonitch&rft.atitle=36+Mind+Blowing+YouTube+Facts%2C+Figures+and+Statistics+%E2%80%93+2017+%28re-post%29&rft.date=2017-12-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvideonitch.com%2F2017%2F12%2F13%2F36-mind-blowing-youtube-facts-figures-statistics-2017-re-post%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2014/digital/news/survey-youtube-stars-more-popular-than-mainstream-celebs-among-u-s-teens-1201275245/">"YouTube Stars More Popular Than Mainstream Celebs Among U.S. Teens"</a>. <i>Variety</i>. August 5, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150207065234/http://variety.com/2014/digital/news/survey-youtube-stars-more-popular-than-mainstream-celebs-among-u-s-teens-1201275245/">Archived</a> from the original on February 7, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=YouTube+Stars+More+Popular+Than+Mainstream+Celebs+Among+U.S.+Teens&rft.date=2014-08-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2014%2Fdigital%2Fnews%2Fsurvey-youtube-stars-more-popular-than-mainstream-celebs-among-u-s-teens-1201275245%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://venturebeat.com/2015/03/12/the-end-of-hollywood-and-the-rise-of-social-media-celebrities/">"The end of Hollywood and the rise of social media celebrities"</a>. <i>VentureBeat</i>. March 13, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201204225627/https://venturebeat.com/2015/03/12/the-end-of-hollywood-and-the-rise-of-social-media-celebrities/">Archived</a> from the original on December 4, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 29,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VentureBeat&rft.atitle=The+end+of+Hollywood+and+the+rise+of+social+media+celebrities&rft.date=2015-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fventurebeat.com%2F2015%2F03%2F12%2Fthe-end-of-hollywood-and-the-rise-of-social-media-celebrities%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://youtube-creators.googleblog.com/2018/01/additional-changes-to-youtube-partner.html">"Additional Changes to the YouTube Partner Program (YPP) to Better Protect Creators"</a>. <i>YouTube Creator Blog</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190407163921/https://youtube-creators.googleblog.com/2018/01/additional-changes-to-youtube-partner.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 7, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube+Creator+Blog&rft.atitle=Additional+Changes+to+the+YouTube+Partner+Program+%28YPP%29+to+Better+Protect+Creators&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyoutube-creators.googleblog.com%2F2018%2F01%2Fadditional-changes-to-youtube-partner.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tulsacommunitycollege-library.on.worldcat.org/oclc/7566787792">"Instagram micro-celebrities"</a>. <i>Marketing Weekly News</i>: 149. May 5, 2018. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1944-2424">1944-2424</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190325044435/https://tulsacommunitycollege-library.on.worldcat.org/oclc/7566787792">Archived</a> from the original on March 25, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 25,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marketing+Weekly+News&rft.atitle=Instagram+micro-celebrities.&rft.pages=149&rft.date=2018-05-05&rft.issn=1944-2424&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftulsacommunitycollege-library.on.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F7566787792&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSenft2008" class="citation book cs1">Senft, Theresa M. (July 2, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.peterlang.com/view/title/57745"><i>Camgirls</i></a>. Peter Lang. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8204-5694-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8204-5694-2"><bdi>978-0-8204-5694-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190627110359/https://www.peterlang.com/view/title/57745">Archived</a> from the original on June 27, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 23,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Camgirls&rft.pub=Peter+Lang&rft.date=2008-07-02&rft.isbn=978-0-8204-5694-2&rft.aulast=Senft&rft.aufirst=Theresa+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.peterlang.com%2Fview%2Ftitle%2F57745&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSenft" class="citation book cs1">Senft, Theresa (Terri). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/205283"><i>Camgirls: Celebrity and Community in the Age of Social Networks</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220214234906/https://www.academia.edu/205283">Archived</a> from the original on February 14, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 27,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Camgirls%3A+Celebrity+and+Community+in+the+Age+of+Social+Networks&rft.aulast=Senft&rft.aufirst=Theresa+%28Terri%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F205283&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaun2018" class="citation journal cs1">Raun, Tobias (January 10, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1354856517736983">"Capitalizing intimacy"</a>. <i>Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies</i>. <b>24</b> (1): 99–113. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1354856517736983">10.1177/1354856517736983</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1354-8565">1354-8565</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:148595992">148595992</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Convergence%3A+The+International+Journal+of+Research+into+New+Media+Technologies&rft.atitle=Capitalizing+intimacy&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=99-113&rft.date=2018-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A148595992%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1354-8565&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1354856517736983&rft.aulast=Raun&rft.aufirst=Tobias&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1177%252F1354856517736983&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2008/TECH/05/01/roflcon/">"The new fame: Internet celebrity"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200915030738/http://www.cnn.com/2008/TECH/05/01/roflcon/">Archived</a> 2020-09-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecns.cn/business/2016/03-16/203077.shtml">"Celebrity economy set for explosive growth in China"</a>. <i>ecns.cn</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200128145843/http://www.ecns.cn/business/2016/03-16/203077.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on January 28, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 11,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ecns.cn&rft.atitle=Celebrity+economy+set+for+explosive+growth+in+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecns.cn%2Fbusiness%2F2016%2F03-16%2F203077.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YSjHUvePYVAC"><i>Celebrity in China</i></a>. Hong Kong University Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 6,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Celebrity+in+China&rft.pub=Hong+Kong+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYSjHUvePYVAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://europe.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2016-09/17/content_26812432.htm">"China's Internet celebrity economy bigger than cinema|Society|chinadaily.com.cn"</a>. <i>europe.chinadaily.com.cn</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180420195434/http://europe.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2016-09/17/content_26812432.htm">Archived</a> from the original on April 20, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 11,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=europe.chinadaily.com.cn&rft.atitle=China%27s+Internet+celebrity+economy+bigger+than+cinema%7CSociety%7Cchinadaily.com.cn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feurope.chinadaily.com.cn%2Fchina%2F2016-09%2F17%2Fcontent_26812432.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://m.chinadaily.com.cn/en/2016-03/16/content_23887534.htm">"Celebrity economy set for explosive growth in China"</a>. <i>China Daily</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170422212852/http://m.chinadaily.com.cn/en/2016-03/16/content_23887534.htm">Archived</a> from the original on April 22, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 11,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=China+Daily&rft.atitle=Celebrity+economy+set+for+explosive+growth+in+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fm.chinadaily.com.cn%2Fen%2F2016-03%2F16%2Fcontent_23887534.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTsoi2016" class="citation news cs1">Tsoi, Grace (August 1, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-36802769">"The making of a Chinese internet star"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180316012935/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-36802769">Archived</a> from the original on March 16, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 11,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=The+making+of+a+Chinese+internet+star&rft.date=2016-08-01&rft.aulast=Tsoi&rft.aufirst=Grace&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-china-36802769&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180802084618/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-08/02/c_137363798.htm">"100 Chinese selected as "good young netizens" - Xinhua | English.news.cn"</a>. <i>www.xinhuanet.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-08/02/c_137363798.htm">the original</a> on August 2, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 18,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.xinhuanet.com&rft.atitle=100+Chinese+selected+as+%22good+young+netizens%22+-+Xinhua+%26%23124%3B+English.news.cn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xinhuanet.com%2Fenglish%2F2018-08%2F02%2Fc_137363798.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/marketing-and-sales/our-insights/understanding-social-media-in-china">"Understanding social media in China"</a>. <i>McKinsey & Company</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180411174455/https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/marketing-and-sales/our-insights/understanding-social-media-in-china">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 11,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=McKinsey+%26+Company&rft.atitle=Understanding+social+media+in+China&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mckinsey.com%2Fbusiness-functions%2Fmarketing-and-sales%2Four-insights%2Funderstanding-social-media-in-china&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/72902?hl=en">"YouTube partner earnings overview - YouTube Help"</a>. <i>support.google.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190217170256/https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/72902?hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on February 17, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 11,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=support.google.com&rft.atitle=YouTube+partner+earnings+overview+-+YouTube+Help&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsupport.google.com%2Fyoutube%2Fanswer%2F72902%3Fhl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northeastern.edu/rugglesmedia/2018/01/27/internet-celebrity-and-diversity/">"How Do China's Internet Celebrity Differ From America's?"</a>. <i>Ruggles Media</i>. January 27, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180411174636/http://www.northeastern.edu/rugglesmedia/2018/01/27/internet-celebrity-and-diversity/">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 11,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ruggles+Media&rft.atitle=How+Do+China%27s+Internet+Celebrity+Differ+From+America%27s%3F&rft.date=2018-01-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northeastern.edu%2Frugglesmedia%2F2018%2F01%2F27%2Finternet-celebrity-and-diversity%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKogawa1999" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kogawa, Tomo (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20001011184307/http://kodansha.cplaza.ne.jp/dejitoku/famous/idol/index.html">"「デジタル特捜隊ネットの有名人たちspecial ネットアイドルBEST10 1999年夏篇」"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Kodansha" title="Kodansha">Kodansha</a></i> (in Japanese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kodansha.cplaza.ne.jp/dejitoku/famous/idol/index.html">the original</a> on October 11, 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 12,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kodansha&rft.atitle=%E3%80%8C%E3%83%87%E3%82%B8%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB%E7%89%B9%E6%8D%9C%E9%9A%8A+%E3%83%8D%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%81%AE%E6%9C%89%E5%90%8D%E4%BA%BA%E3%81%9F%E3%81%A1special+%E3%83%8D%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%89%E3%83%ABBEST10+1999%E5%B9%B4%E5%A4%8F%E7%AF%87%E3%80%8D&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Kogawa&rft.aufirst=Tomo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkodansha.cplaza.ne.jp%2Fdejitoku%2Ffamous%2Fidol%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gadget_2010-01-23-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gadget_2010-01-23_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.livedoor.com/article/detail/4565356/">"『ニコニコ動画』で定番ジャンルとなった"踊ってみた"動画！何故踊る？その心理を聞いてみた"</a>. <i>Gadget News</i> (in Japanese). January 23, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 13,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gadget+News&rft.atitle=%E3%80%8E%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B3%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B3%E5%8B%95%E7%94%BB%E3%80%8F%E3%81%A7%E5%AE%9A%E7%95%AA%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%AB%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AA%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%22%E8%B8%8A%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%81%BF%E3%81%9F%22%E5%8B%95%E7%94%BB%EF%BC%81+%E4%BD%95%E6%95%85%E8%B8%8A%E3%82%8B%EF%BC%9F%E3%81%9D%E3%81%AE%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E3%82%92%E8%81%9E%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6%E3%81%BF%E3%81%9F&rft.date=2010-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.livedoor.com%2Farticle%2Fdetail%2F4565356%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wpb.shueisha.co.jp/news/technology/2016/11/25/75650/">"「ニコニコ動画」からアイドルデビューした愛川こずえ「ニコニコがなかったらたぶんニートになってた（笑）」"</a> [Kozue Aikawa, an idol who debuted from Nico Nico Douga: "If it weren't for Niconico, I might've become a <a href="/wiki/NEET" title="NEET">NEET</a> (laughs)"]. <i><a href="/wiki/Weekly_Playboy" title="Weekly Playboy">Weekly Playboy</a></i> (in Japanese). <a href="/wiki/Shueisha" title="Shueisha">Shueisha</a>. November 25, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 13,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weekly+Playboy&rft.atitle=%E3%80%8C%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B3%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B3%E5%8B%95%E7%94%BB%E3%80%8D%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%89%E3%83%AB%E3%83%87%E3%83%93%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E6%84%9B%E5%B7%9D%E3%81%93%E3%81%9A%E3%81%88+%E3%80%8C%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B3%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B3%E3%81%8C%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8B%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%E3%82%89%E3%81%9F%E3%81%B6%E3%82%93%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%81%AB%E3%81%AA%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%81%9F%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%91%EF%BC%89%E3%80%8D&rft.date=2016-11-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwpb.shueisha.co.jp%2Fnews%2Ftechnology%2F2016%2F11%2F25%2F75650%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/72162/full/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"可愛いにもほどがある!"英ネットアイドルのベッキー・クルーエルが初のテレビ出演!"</a> ["She has so much cuteness!" British net idol Beckii Cruel makes her first television appearance!]. <i><a href="/wiki/Oricon" title="Oricon">Oricon</a></i> (in Japanese). January 5, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oricon&rft.atitle=%22%E5%8F%AF%E6%84%9B%E3%81%84%E3%81%AB%E3%82%82%E3%81%BB%E3%81%A9%E3%81%8C%E3%81%82%E3%82%8B%21%22%E8%8B%B1%E3%83%8D%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%89%E3%83%AB%E3%81%AE%E3%83%99%E3%83%83%E3%82%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E3%81%8C%E5%88%9D%E3%81%AE%E3%83%86%E3%83%AC%E3%83%93%E5%87%BA%E6%BC%94%21&rft.date=2010-01-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oricon.co.jp%2Fnews%2F72162%2Ffull%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ascii_2013-04-25-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ascii_2013-04-25_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHirota2013" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hirota, Minoru (April 25, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://weekly.ascii.jp/elem/000/002/615/2615137/">"ニコ動が引きつけた才能"ケーキ姫☆優海"【ニコ動今昔物語】"</a> [Keekihime, a talent drawn in by Nico Douga (A past and present tale on Nico Douga)]. <i><a href="/wiki/ASCII_Media_Works" title="ASCII Media Works">Weekly ASCII</a></i> (in Japanese). <a href="/wiki/Kadokawa_Future_Publishing" title="Kadokawa Future Publishing">Kadokawa Future Publishing</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 18,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Weekly+ASCII&rft.atitle=%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B3%E5%8B%95%E3%81%8C%E5%BC%95%E3%81%8D%E3%81%A4%E3%81%91%E3%81%9F%E6%89%8D%E8%83%BD%22%E3%82%B1%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AD%E5%A7%AB%E2%98%86%E5%84%AA%E6%B5%B7%22%E3%80%90%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B3%E5%8B%95%E4%BB%8A%E6%98%94%E7%89%A9%E8%AA%9E%E3%80%91&rft.date=2013-04-25&rft.aulast=Hirota&rft.aufirst=Minoru&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweekly.ascii.jp%2Felem%2F000%2F002%2F615%2F2615137%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRasmussen" class="citation web cs1">Rasmussen, Makena. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.virtualhumans.org/article/who-were-the-first-vtubers-and-virtual-streamers">"Who Were the First VTubers and Virtual Streamers"</a>. <i>Virtual Humans</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221122053518/https://www.virtualhumans.org/article/who-were-the-first-vtubers-and-virtual-streamers">Archived</a> from the original on November 22, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 9,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Virtual+Humans&rft.atitle=Who+Were+the+First+VTubers+and+Virtual+Streamers&rft.aulast=Rasmussen&rft.aufirst=Makena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.virtualhumans.org%2Farticle%2Fwho-were-the-first-vtubers-and-virtual-streamers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelts2021" class="citation web cs1">Kelts, Roland (July 26, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://restofworld.org/2021/vtubers/">"Japan's virtual YouTubers have millions of real subscribers — and make millions of real dollars"</a>. <i>rest of world</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220206081758/https://restofworld.org/2021/vtubers/">Archived</a> from the original on February 6, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 9,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rest+of+world&rft.atitle=Japan%27s+virtual+YouTubers+have+millions+of+real+subscribers+%E2%80%94+and+make+millions+of+real+dollars&rft.date=2021-07-26&rft.aulast=Kelts&rft.aufirst=Roland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frestofworld.org%2F2021%2Fvtubers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLi" class="citation web cs1">Li, Donna. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thesciencesurvey.com/arts-entertainment/2022/07/24/the-rise-of-vtubers-an-overview-of-the-surging-popularity-of-virtual-youtubers/">"The Rise of VTubers: An Overview of the Surging Popularity of "Virtual YouTubers"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Science Survey</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221130053824/https://thesciencesurvey.com/arts-entertainment/2022/07/24/the-rise-of-vtubers-an-overview-of-the-surging-popularity-of-virtual-youtubers/">Archived</a> from the original on November 30, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 9,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Science+Survey&rft.atitle=The+Rise+of+VTubers%3A+An+Overview+of+the+Surging+Popularity+of+%22Virtual+YouTubers%22&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Donna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthesciencesurvey.com%2Farts-entertainment%2F2022%2F07%2F24%2Fthe-rise-of-vtubers-an-overview-of-the-surging-popularity-of-virtual-youtubers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmos2022" class="citation web cs1">Amos, Andrew (November 2, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dexerto.com/entertainment/vtubers-redefining-music-virtual-idols-concerts-1973954/">"VTubers redefine the music industry as virtual concerts and idols rise up"</a>. <i>dexerto</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221209062738/https://www.dexerto.com/entertainment/vtubers-redefining-music-virtual-idols-concerts-1973954/">Archived</a> from the original on December 9, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 9,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dexerto&rft.atitle=VTubers+redefine+the+music+industry+as+virtual+concerts+and+idols+rise+up&rft.date=2022-11-02&rft.aulast=Amos&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dexerto.com%2Fentertainment%2Fvtubers-redefining-music-virtual-idols-concerts-1973954%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hololive.hololivepro.com/en/news/20210907-1-2/">"[Music] Release of Virtual Idol Tokino Sora's New Cover Album "Re:Play"!"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221209062740/https://hololive.hololivepro.com/en/news/20210907-1-2/">Archived</a> from the original on December 9, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 9,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%5BMusic%5D+Release+of+Virtual+Idol+Tokino+Sora%27s+New+Cover+Album+%22Re%3APlay%22%21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhololive.hololivepro.com%2Fen%2Fnews%2F20210907-1-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hamilton_2024-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hamilton_2024_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hamilton_2024_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamilton2024" class="citation news cs1">Hamilton, Katherine (October 23, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/lifestyle/relationships/tiktok-influencers-marriage-divorce-youtube-instagram-a73c0e34">"Who Gets the TikTok in the Divorce? The Messy Fight Over Valuable Social Media Accounts"</a>. <i>Wall Street Journal</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Who+Gets+the+TikTok+in+the+Divorce%3F+The+Messy+Fight+Over+Valuable+Social+Media+Accounts&rft.date=2024-10-23&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Flifestyle%2Frelationships%2Ftiktok-influencers-marriage-divorce-youtube-instagram-a73c0e34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Keller_2023-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Keller_2023_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Keller_2023_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Keller_2023_58-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeller_Advisory_Group2023" class="citation web cs1">Keller Advisory Group (November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.keller-advisory.com/creators-uncovered-insights-from-a-nationally-representative-study-of-uscreators">"CREATORS UNCOVERED: INSIGHTS FROM A NATIONALLY REPRESENTATIVE STUDY OF US CREATORS"</a>. <i>keller-advisory.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=keller-advisory.com&rft.atitle=CREATORS+UNCOVERED%3A+INSIGHTS+FROM+A+NATIONALLY+REPRESENTATIVE+STUDY+OF+US+CREATORS&rft.date=2023-11&rft.au=Keller+Advisory+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.keller-advisory.com%2Fcreators-uncovered-insights-from-a-nationally-representative-study-of-uscreators&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJuntiwasarakij2018" class="citation journal cs1">Juntiwasarakij, Suwan (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.kjss.2018.06.014">"Framing emerging behaviors influenced by internet celebrity"</a>. <i>Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences</i>. <b>39</b> (3): 550–555. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.kjss.2018.06.014">10.1016/j.kjss.2018.06.014</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2452-3151">2452-3151</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:158069963">158069963</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kasetsart+Journal+of+Social+Sciences&rft.atitle=Framing+emerging+behaviors+influenced+by+internet+celebrity&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=550-555&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A158069963%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=2452-3151&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.kjss.2018.06.014&rft.aulast=Juntiwasarakij&rft.aufirst=Suwan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.kjss.2018.06.014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobehmed" class="citation web cs1">Robehmed, Natalie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/natalierobehmed/2018/12/03/highest-paid-youtube-stars-2018-markiplier-jake-paul-pewdiepie-and-more/">"Highest-Paid YouTube Stars 2018: Markiplier, Jake Paul, PewDiePie And More"</a>. <i>Forbes</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190421133702/https://www.forbes.com/sites/natalierobehmed/2018/12/03/highest-paid-youtube-stars-2018-markiplier-jake-paul-pewdiepie-and-more/">Archived</a> from the original on April 21, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 29,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Highest-Paid+YouTube+Stars+2018%3A+Markiplier%2C+Jake+Paul%2C+PewDiePie+And+More&rft.aulast=Robehmed&rft.aufirst=Natalie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fnatalierobehmed%2F2018%2F12%2F03%2Fhighest-paid-youtube-stars-2018-markiplier-jake-paul-pewdiepie-and-more%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://businessjournalism.org/2016/11/how-online-celebrities-make-money/">"How Online Celebrities Make Money Via Advertising and Endorsements"</a>. <i>Reynolds Center</i>. November 8, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190329215512/https://businessjournalism.org/2016/11/how-online-celebrities-make-money/">Archived</a> from the original on March 29, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 29,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reynolds+Center&rft.atitle=How+Online+Celebrities+Make+Money+Via+Advertising+and+Endorsements&rft.date=2016-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbusinessjournalism.org%2F2016%2F11%2Fhow-online-celebrities-make-money%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCochrane2016" class="citation news cs1">Cochrane, Lauren (November 29, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2016/nov/29/chiara-farragni-blogger-the-blonde-salad-socia-media-style-posts-multi-million-pound-business">"Chiara Ferragni – how a 'crazy blogger' turned her life into a shop window"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20181116112816/https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2016/nov/29/chiara-farragni-blogger-the-blonde-salad-socia-media-style-posts-multi-million-pound-business">Archived</a> from the original on November 16, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 7,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Chiara+Ferragni+%E2%80%93+how+a+%27crazy+blogger%27+turned+her+life+into+a+shop+window&rft.date=2016-11-29&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Cochrane&rft.aufirst=Lauren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffashion%2F2016%2Fnov%2F29%2Fchiara-farragni-blogger-the-blonde-salad-socia-media-style-posts-multi-million-pound-business&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://signalfire.com/blog/creator-economy/">"What is the creator economy? Influencer tools and trends"</a>. <i>SignalFire</i>. November 29, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210505125933/https://signalfire.com/blog/creator-economy/">Archived</a> from the original on May 5, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 5,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SignalFire&rft.atitle=What+is+the+creator+economy%3F+Influencer+tools+and+trends&rft.date=2020-11-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsignalfire.com%2Fblog%2Fcreator-economy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillil2019" class="citation web cs1">Gillil, Nikki (February 19, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://econsultancy.com/what-impact-has-fyre-festival-had-on-influencer-marketing/">"What impact has Fyre Festival had on influencer marketing?"</a>. <i>Econsultancy</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201029030452/https://econsultancy.com/what-impact-has-fyre-festival-had-on-influencer-marketing/">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Econsultancy&rft.atitle=What+impact+has+Fyre+Festival+had+on+influencer+marketing%3F&rft.date=2019-02-19&rft.aulast=Gillil&rft.aufirst=Nikki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconsultancy.com%2Fwhat-impact-has-fyre-festival-had-on-influencer-marketing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adstandards.com.au/blog/ads-must-clearly-be-ads">"Ads must clearly be ads"</a>. <i>Ad Standards</i>. September 20, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200807011458/https://adstandards.com.au/blog/ads-must-clearly-be-ads">Archived</a> from the original on August 7, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ad+Standards&rft.atitle=Ads+must+clearly+be+ads&rft.date=2018-09-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadstandards.com.au%2Fblog%2Fads-must-clearly-be-ads&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPicciotto2024" class="citation news cs1">Picciotto, Rebecca (August 14, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2024/08/14/ftc-bans-fake-reviews-social-media-influence-markers.html">"FTC bans fake online reviews, inflated social media influence; rule takes effect in October"</a>. CNBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 15,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=FTC+bans+fake+online+reviews%2C+inflated+social+media+influence%3B+rule+takes+effect+in+October&rft.date=2024-08-14&rft.aulast=Picciotto&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2024%2F08%2F14%2Fftc-bans-fake-reviews-social-media-influence-markers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.glossy.co/beauty/morphes-jeffree-star-split-shows-high-risk-of-reliance-on-influencers/">"Morphe's Jeffree Star split shows high risk of reliance on influencers"</a>. <i>Glossy</i>. July 16, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210413010501/https://www.glossy.co/beauty/morphes-jeffree-star-split-shows-high-risk-of-reliance-on-influencers/">Archived</a> from the original on April 13, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Glossy&rft.atitle=Morphe%27s+Jeffree+Star+split+shows+high+risk+of+reliance+on+influencers&rft.date=2020-07-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.glossy.co%2Fbeauty%2Fmorphes-jeffree-star-split-shows-high-risk-of-reliance-on-influencers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenationalnews.com/lifestyle/mac-cosmetics-releases-statement-denouncing-kuwaiti-influencer-sondos-al-qattan-1.753973">"MAC Cosmetics releases statement denouncing Kuwaiti influencer Sondos al Qattan"</a>. July 26, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220312050834/https://www.thenationalnews.com/lifestyle/mac-cosmetics-releases-statement-denouncing-kuwaiti-influencer-sondos-al-qattan-1.753973">Archived</a> from the original on March 12, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MAC+Cosmetics+releases+statement+denouncing+Kuwaiti+influencer+Sondos+al+Qattan&rft.date=2018-07-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenationalnews.com%2Flifestyle%2Fmac-cosmetics-releases-statement-denouncing-kuwaiti-influencer-sondos-al-qattan-1.753973&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-How_do_you_make_money_off_social_media?_Just_ask_'Jawline's'_star-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-How_do_you_make_money_off_social_media?_Just_ask_'Jawline's'_star_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaufman2019" class="citation web cs1">Kaufman, Amy (August 23, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/movies/story/2019-08-23/jawline-youtube-stars-instagram-hulu">"Staff Writer"</a>. <i>The Los Angeles Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801230610/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/movies/story/2019-08-23/jawline-youtube-stars-instagram-hulu">Archived</a> from the original on August 1, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Staff+Writer&rft.date=2019-08-23&rft.aulast=Kaufman&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fentertainment-arts%2Fmovies%2Fstory%2F2019-08-23%2Fjawline-youtube-stars-instagram-hulu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKircher2018" class="citation web cs1">Kircher, Madison Malone (June 26, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2018/06/what-happened-at-tanacon.html">"Tanacon Was a Fyre Festival for the YouTube Set"</a>. <i>Intelligencer</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190227060435/http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2018/06/what-happened-at-tanacon.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 27, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Intelligencer&rft.atitle=Tanacon+Was+a+Fyre+Festival+for+the+YouTube+Set&rft.date=2018-06-26&rft.aulast=Kircher&rft.aufirst=Madison+Malone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnymag.com%2Fintelligencer%2F2018%2F06%2Fwhat-happened-at-tanacon.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190325041439/http://vidcon.com/about/">"About"</a>. <i>VidCon US</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vidcon.com/about/">the original</a> on March 25, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 25,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VidCon+US&rft.atitle=About&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvidcon.com%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:12_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_72-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZsilaMcCutcheonDemetrovics2018" class="citation journal cs1">Zsila, Ágnes; McCutcheon, Lynn E.; Demetrovics, Zsolt (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6426373">"The association of celebrity worship with problematic Internet use, maladaptive daydreaming, and desire for fame"</a>. <i>Journal of Behavioral Addictions</i>. <b>7</b> (3): 654–664. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1556%2F2006.7.2018.76">10.1556/2006.7.2018.76</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2062-5871">2062-5871</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6426373">6426373</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30221539">30221539</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Behavioral+Addictions&rft.atitle=The+association+of+celebrity+worship+with+problematic+Internet+use%2C+maladaptive+daydreaming%2C+and+desire+for+fame&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=654-664&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6426373%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=2062-5871&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30221539&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1556%2F2006.7.2018.76&rft.aulast=Zsila&rft.aufirst=%C3%81gnes&rft.au=McCutcheon%2C+Lynn+E.&rft.au=Demetrovics%2C+Zsolt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6426373&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLueck2015" class="citation journal cs1">Lueck, L. A. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1080/13527266.2012.726235">"Friend-zone with benefits: The parasocial advertising of Kim Kardashian"</a>. <i>Journal of Marketing Communications</i>. <b>21</b> (2): 215–229. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13527266.2012.726235">10.1080/13527266.2012.726235</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/11299%2F167651">11299/167651</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:167709180">167709180</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Marketing+Communications&rft.atitle=Friend-zone+with+benefits%3A+The+parasocial+advertising+of+Kim+Kardashian&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=215-229&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F11299%2F167651&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A167709180%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13527266.2012.726235&rft.aulast=Lueck&rft.aufirst=L.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpsycnet.apa.org%2Fdoi%2F10.1080%2F13527266.2012.726235&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_celebrity&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeuerGeorge2005" class="citation web cs1">Feuer, Alan; George, Jason (February 26, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/26/nyregion/internet-fame-is-cruel-mistress-for-a-dancer-of-the-numa-numa.html">"Internet Fame Is Cruel Mistress for a Dancer of the Numa Numa"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 11,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Internet+Fame+Is+Cruel+Mistress+for+a+Dancer+of+the+Numa+Numa&rft.date=2005-02-26&rft.aulast=Feuer&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.au=George%2C+Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F02%2F26%2Fnyregion%2Finternet-fame-is-cruel-mistress-for-a-dancer-of-the-numa-numa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewsweek2010" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsweek.com/dark-side-web-fame-93505">"The Dark Side of Web Fame"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a></i>. March 13, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 11,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=The+Dark+Side+of+Web+Fame&rft.date=2010-03-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fdark-side-web-fame-93505&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090414035110/http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/rise_of_an_internet_star_parla.php">"Rise of an Internet Star - Parlaying YouTube Fame Into Big Business"</a> at <a href="/wiki/ReadWriteWeb" class="mw-redirect" title="ReadWriteWeb">ReadWriteWeb</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTanz2008" class="citation magazine cs1">Tanz, Jason (July 15, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/2008/07/howto-allison/">"Internet Famous: Julia Allison and the Secrets of Self-Promotion"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">WIRED</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 11,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WIRED&rft.atitle=Internet+Famous%3A+Julia+Allison+and+the+Secrets+of+Self-Promotion&rft.date=2008-07-15&rft.aulast=Tanz&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2F2008%2F07%2Fhowto-allison%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSorgatz2008" class="citation web cs1">Sorgatz, Rex (June 17, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nymag.com/news/media/47958/">"The Microfame Game"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)">NYMag.com</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 11,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NYMag.com&rft.atitle=The+Microfame+Game&rft.date=2008-06-17&rft.aulast=Sorgatz&rft.aufirst=Rex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnymag.com%2Fnews%2Fmedia%2F47958%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+celebrity" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2045208#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2015001935">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="osobnosti internetu"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph957879&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000299766&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007414235405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Internet_celebrity&oldid=1259745828">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Internet_celebrity&oldid=1259745828</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Celebrity" title="Category:Celebrity">Celebrity</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Internet_celebrities" title="Category:Internet celebrities">Internet celebrities</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cultural_trends" title="Category:Cultural trends">Cultural trends</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Social_influence" title="Category:Social influence">Social influence</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Social_media" title="Category:Social media">Social media</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_non-numeric_formatnum_arguments" title="Category:Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments">Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Japanese-language_sources_(ja)" title="Category:CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)">CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_split_from_March_2024" title="Category:Articles to be split from March 2024">Articles to be split from March 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_to_be_split" title="Category:All articles to be split">All articles to be split</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_to_have_a_section_moved_from_March_2024" title="Category:Articles to have a section moved from March 2024">Articles to have a section moved from March 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_to_have_a_section_moved" title="Category:All articles to have a section moved">All articles to have a section moved</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_October_2023" title="Category:Use mdy dates from October 2023">Use mdy dates from October 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_pending_changes_protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia pending changes protected pages">Wikipedia pending changes protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_that_may_have_off-topic_sections_from_January_2023" title="Category:Wikipedia articles that may have off-topic sections from January 2023">Wikipedia articles that may have off-topic sections from January 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_that_may_have_off-topic_sections" title="Category:All articles that may have off-topic sections">All articles that may have off-topic sections</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_with_style_issues_from_January_2023" title="Category:Wikipedia articles with style issues from January 2023">Wikipedia articles with style issues from January 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_style_issues" title="Category:All articles with style issues">All articles with style issues</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_January_2023" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from January 2023">Articles needing additional references from January 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_multiple_maintenance_issues" title="Category:Articles with multiple maintenance issues">Articles with multiple maintenance issues</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_October_2024" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from October 2024">Articles containing potentially dated statements from October 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_simplified_Chinese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text">Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Japanese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Japanese-language text">Articles containing Japanese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_June_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from June 2024</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 26 November 2024, at 20:45<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Internet_celebrity&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-57488d5c7d-bkcwn","wgBackendResponseTime":260,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.199","walltime":"1.470","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5905,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":218780,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":14812,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":18,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":297107,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1316.189 1 -total"," 47.67% 627.436 1 Template:Reflist"," 22.61% 297.573 41 Template:Cite_web"," 10.11% 133.109 3 Template:Nihongo"," 7.59% 99.958 16 Template:Cite_journal"," 6.79% 89.316 1 Template:Authority_control"," 6.72% 88.438 1 Template:Short_description"," 5.91% 77.734 5 Template:Ambox"," 4.52% 59.467 1 Template:Split"," 4.23% 55.663 2 Template:Pagetype"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.791","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":26715254,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-57488d5c7d-v9972","timestamp":"20241128020713","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Internet celebrity","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Internet_celebrity","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2045208","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2045208","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2008-10-14T17:28:06Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/8f\/Connor_Franta%2C_Sam_Pottorff%2C_Trevor_Moran%2C_Kian_Lawley%2C_JC_Caylen_%26_Ricky_Dillon_%2814350777487%29.jpg","headline":"someone who has become famous by means of the Internet"}</script> </body> </html>