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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge" /><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><title>Composers - Music Resources on Diversity and Underrepresentation - Yale University Library Research Guides at Yale University</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="robots" content="noarchive" /><link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/ico" href="https://library.yale.edu/sites/all/themes/yalenew_base/images/favicon.ico"/>  <meta name="DC.Title" content="Yale University Library Research Guides: Music Resources on Diversity and Underrepresentation: Composers"/> <meta name="DC.Creator" content="Suzanne Lovejoy"/> <meta name="DC.Subject" content="Music"/> <meta name="DC.Description" content="Resources for increasing diversity in music performances and research in the Western classical tradition and contemporary music"/> <meta name="DC.Publishers" content="Yale University"/> <meta name="DC.Rights" content="Copyright Yale University 2024"/> <meta name="DC.Language" content="en"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier" content="https://guides.library.yale.edu/music-diversity/composers"/> <meta name="DC.Date.Created" content="Oct 26, 2020"/> <meta name="DC.Date.Modified" content="Nov 11, 2024"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Yale University Library Research Guides: Music Resources on Diversity and Underrepresentation: Composers"> <meta property="og:description" content="Resources for increasing diversity in music performances and research in the Western classical tradition and contemporary music"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://guides.library.yale.edu/music-diversity/composers"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@springshare"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static-assets-us.libguides.com/web/jquery/css/jquery-ui.min.css?2691" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://netdna.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://static-assets-us.libguides.com/web/slick-1.8.1/slick/slick.css"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://static-assets-us.libguides.com/web/slick-1.8.1/slick/slick-theme.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static-assets-us.libguides.com/web/css3.13.2/lg-public.min.css" /><script type="text/javascript" src="https://static-assets-us.libguides.com/web/jquery/js/1.12.4_jquery.min.js"></script><script> jQuery(document).ready(function () { jQuery(".dropdown-toggle").on("click",function(e){ jQuery(this).siblings("ul.s-lg-subtab-ul.dropdown-menu").toggle(); 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class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="https://guides.library.yale.edu/music-diversity">Music Resources on Diversity and Underrepresentation</a></li><li id="s-lib-bc-page" class="active breadcrumb-item">Composers</li></ol> </nav> <div class="pull-right"> <div id="s-lg-guide-header-search"> <div id="s-lg-guide-search-box"> <form role="search" id="s-lg-guide-search-form" action="https://guides.library.yale.edu/srch.php" method="GET"> <div class="input-group input-group-sm"> <input type="text" id="s-lg-guide-search-terms" name="q" class="form-control" maxlength="260" placeholder="Search this Guide"> <label class="sr-only" for="s-lg-guide-search-terms">Search this Guide</label><input type="hidden" name="guide_id" value="1094066" /><span class="input-group-btn"><button class="btn btn-default" type="submit">Search</button></span></div></form></div> </div> </div> <div id="s-lg-guide-header-info"> <h1 id="s-lg-guide-name">Music Resources on Diversity and Underrepresentation: Composers</h1> <div id="s-lg-guide-desc-container"> <span id="s-lg-guide-description">Resources for increasing diversity in music performances and research in the Western classical tradition and contemporary music</span> </div> </div> </div>  <div id="s-lg-tabs-container" class="container s-lib-side-borders pad-top-med"> <div id="s-lg-guide-tabs" class="tabs" role="navigation" aria-label="Guide Pages"> <ul class="nav nav-tabs split-button-nav"> <li class=""><a title="" class="" href="https://guides.library.yale.edu/music-diversity/home" ><span>Home</span></a></li><li class="active"><a title="" class="active" href="https://guides.library.yale.edu/music-diversity/composers" ><span>Composers</span></a></li><li class=""><a title="" class="" href="https://guides.library.yale.edu/music-diversity/repertoire" ><span>Repertoire</span></a></li><li class="dropdown clearfix"><a title="" class="s-lg-tab-top-link pull-left" href="https://guides.library.yale.edu/music-diversity/research" ><span>Research</span></a><a class="s-lg-tab-drop dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="javascript:void(0);" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><span class="caret"></span><span class="sr-only">Toggle Dropdown</span></a><ul class="s-lg-subtab-ul dropdown-menu"><li class=""><a title="" href="https://guides.library.yale.edu/c.php?g=1094066&p=8658167" style="" >Dictionaries & Encyclopedias </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a title="" class="" href="https://guides.library.yale.edu/music-diversity/organizations" ><span>Organizations</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="s-lg-guide-tabs-title-bar" class="container s-lib-side-borders"></div>  <div id="s-lg-guide-main" class="container s-lib-main s-lib-side-borders" tabindex="-1"> <div class="row s-lg-row"><div id="s-lg-col-126" class="col-md-12"><div class="s-lg-col-boxes"></div></div></div><div class="row s-lg-row"><div id="s-lg-col-1" class="col-md-6"><div class="s-lg-col-boxes"><div id="s-lg-box-wrapper-32146177" class="s-lg-box-wrapper-32146177"><div id="s-lg-box-27341509-container" class="s-lib-box-container"> <div id="s-lg-box-27341509" class="s-lib-box s-lib-box-std"> <h2 class="s-lib-box-title">Broad Resources</h2><div id="s-lg-box-collapse-27341509" > <div class="s-lib-box-content"> <div class=""><ul id="s-lg-link-list-65782040" class="s-lg-link-list s-lg-link-list-2"><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-63383944" class=""><span><a href="https://www.andwewereheard.org/composers" target="_blank" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '2',_st_content_id: '63383944',_st_inc_return: this});">... And we were heard / Composers</a></span><div id="s-lg-link-desc-63383944" class="s-lg-link-desc">This site gives underrepresented composers a platform to have their music heard. Composers that submit works to … And We Were Heard are matched with top-notch<br /> wind bands and engage in collaborative recording sessions. The resulting audio tracks are hosted on our site along with innovative ideas of how to support diverse voices in music.</div></div></li><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-63383592" class=""><span><a href="https://www.composerdiversity.com/" target="_blank" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '2',_st_content_id: '63383592',_st_inc_return: this});">Composer Diversity Database</a></span><div id="s-lg-link-desc-63383592" class="s-lg-link-desc">From the Composer Diversity Project, the database allows users to discover over 4000 composers of historically underrepresented genders, racial, ethnic, and cultural heritages, and sexual orientations. You can search by composer name, living or deceased, common large and small ensemble genres, racial, ethnic, or cultural demographics, and by location (city, state, and country).</div></div></li><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-63704538" class=""><span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Composers_by_nationality" target="_blank" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '2',_st_content_id: '63704538',_st_inc_return: this});">Composers by Nationality</a></span><div id="s-lg-link-desc-63704538" class="s-lg-link-desc">From Wikipedia. These lists include more than women and composers from underrepresented groups, but this page is a handy list of lists.</div></div></li><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-78886818" class=""><span><a href="https://newmusesproject.com/" target="_blank" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '2',_st_content_id: '78886818',_st_inc_return: this});">New Muses Project (NMP)</a></span><div id="s-lg-link-desc-78886818" class="s-lg-link-desc">Enter the name of a familiar composer, or browse by composer, and receive a recommended underrepresented composer of the same period. Recommendations include works, recordings, and transcripts of scores for performance. Other tools include a timeline of composers in the project, albums, and a playlist. Future plans include genre, era, and repertoire searches.</div></div></li></ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div><div id="s-lg-box-wrapper-32260301" class="s-lg-box-wrapper-32260301"><div id="s-lg-box-27434991-container" class="s-lib-box-container"> <div id="s-lg-box-27434991" class="s-lib-box s-lib-box-std"> <h2 class="s-lib-box-title">Asian / Pacific Islander</h2><div id="s-lg-box-collapse-27434991" > <div class="s-lib-box-content"> <div class=""><ul id="s-lg-link-list-66067926" class="s-lg-link-list s-lg-link-list-2"><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-63656147" class=""><span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:American_classical_musicians_of_Asian_descent" target="_blank" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '2',_st_content_id: '63656147',_st_inc_return: this});">American Classical Composers of Asian Descent</a></span><div id="s-lg-link-desc-63656147" class="s-lg-link-desc">From Wikipedia</div></div></li></ul></div><div class=""><ul id="s-lg-link-list-66022887" class="s-lg-link-list s-lg-link-list-5"><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-11946560" class="s-lg-book clearfix"><div class="s-lg-book-props"><a href="http://hdl.handle.net/10079/bibid/10155113" target="_blank" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '3',_st_content_id: '11946560',_st_inc_return: this});"><span id="s-lg-book-cover-11946560" class="s-lg-book-cover"></span><span id="s-lg-book-title-11946560" class="s-lg-book-title">Compositeurs Libanais</span><span id="s-lg-book-by-11946560" class="s-lg-book-by"> by </span><span id="s-lg-book-author-11946560" class="s-lg-book-author">Zeina Saleh Kayali</span></a><div class="s-lg-book-prop-callno">Call Number: ML106 L441 C7 (Music Library stacks)</div><div class="s-lg-book-prop-pubdate">Publication Date: 2011</div></div></div></li></ul></div><div class=""><ul id="s-lg-link-list-66067556" class="s-lg-link-list s-lg-link-list-2"><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-63655812" class=""><span><a href="https://www.tfront.com/topic/AsianComposers" target="_blank" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '2',_st_content_id: '63655812',_st_inc_return: this});">Music by Asian and Asian American Composers</a></span><div id="s-lg-link-desc-63655812" class="s-lg-link-desc">A list by Theodore Front, a music vendor, of contemporary composers and works.</div></div></li></ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div><div id="s-lg-box-wrapper-32260281" class="s-lg-box-wrapper-32260281"><div id="s-lg-box-27434977-container" class="s-lib-box-container"> <div id="s-lg-box-27434977" class="s-lib-box s-lib-box-std"> <h2 class="s-lib-box-title">Africa & African Diaspora</h2><div id="s-lg-box-collapse-27434977" > <div class="s-lib-box-content"> <div class=""><ul id="s-lg-link-list-60984630" class="s-lg-link-list s-lg-link-list-2"><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-58632356" class=""><span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:African-American_classical_composers" target="_blank" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '2',_st_content_id: '58632356',_st_inc_return: this});">African-American classical composers</a></span><div id="s-lg-link-desc-58632356" class="s-lg-link-desc">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This category has the following 2 subcategories; African-American opera composers and African-American male classical composers.</div></div></li><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-63510719" class=""><span><a href="https://sites.google.com/a/temple.edu/black-composers/" target="_blank" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '2',_st_content_id: '63510719',_st_inc_return: this});">Black Composers - Scores</a></span><div id="s-lg-link-desc-63510719" class="s-lg-link-desc">links of composers' names to library holdings of scores of Black composers of classical music. Clicking on a name will yield the composer's scores in Worldcat, the combined online catalogs of thousands of libraries worldwide. Clicking on the title of a work will show the libraries that own the work.</div></div></li></ul></div><div class=""><ul id="s-lg-link-list-65916202" class="s-lg-link-list s-lg-link-list-5"><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-63509543" class="s-lg-book clearfix"><div class="s-lg-book-props"><a href="https://search.library.yale.edu/catalog/772091" target="_blank" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '3',_st_content_id: '63509543',_st_inc_return: this});"><span id="s-lg-book-cover-63509543" class="s-lg-book-cover"></span><span id="s-lg-book-title-63509543" class="s-lg-book-title">Blacks in Classical Music: A Bibliographical Guide to Composers, Performers, and Ensembles</span><span id="s-lg-book-by-63509543" class="s-lg-book-by"> by </span><span id="s-lg-book-author-63509543" class="s-lg-book-author">John Gray</span></a><div class="s-lg-book-prop-callno">Call Number: ML 128 A2 G7</div><div class="s-lg-book-prop-pubdate">Publication Date: 1988</div><div id="s-lg-book-desc-63509543" class="s-lg-book-desc">This is a comprehensive index to newspaper and periodical indexes, biographical dictionaries, bibliographies, dissertations and theses, music collections, and published discographies. Resources range from the mid-eighteenth century to the present, and ranging geographically from Europe and Africa to the United States, Latin America, and the Caribbean. Contains sections on composers, conductors, individual instrumentalists, symphony orchestras, opera singers and companies.</div></div></div></li></ul></div><div class=""><ul id="s-lg-link-list-60985021" class="s-lg-link-list s-lg-link-list-2"><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-58632773" class=""><span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_composers_of_African_descent" target="_blank" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '2',_st_content_id: '58632773',_st_inc_return: this});">Composers of African descent</a></span><div id="s-lg-link-desc-58632773" class="s-lg-link-desc">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div></div></li><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-63385442" class=""><span><a href="https://www.musicbyblackcomposers.org/resources/historic-composers-directory/" target="_blank" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '2',_st_content_id: '63385442',_st_inc_return: this});">Music by Black Composers (MBC). Historic Composers Directory</a></span><div id="s-lg-link-desc-63385442" class="s-lg-link-desc">Search or sort directory by surname, region, birth year, or death year by clicking on the column headings.</div></div></li><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-58518723" class=""><span><a href="https://www.musicbyblackcomposers.org/resources/living-composers-directory/" target="_blank" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '2',_st_content_id: '58518723',_st_inc_return: this});">Music by Black Composers (MBC). Living Composers Directory</a></span><div id="s-lg-link-desc-58518723" class="s-lg-link-desc">Dedicated to helping to bring greater diversity to the ranks of classical music performers, composers, and audiences by making the music of Black composers available to everyone. MBC’s Living Composers Directory is designed for those seeking to commission; for performers, conductors, and concert programmers seeking existing music; and for other researchers and scholars of contemporary classical music.</div></div></li></ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div><div id="s-lg-col-2" class="col-md-6"><div class="s-lg-col-boxes"><div id="s-lg-box-wrapper-32260310" class="s-lg-box-wrapper-32260310"><div id="s-lg-box-27434996-container" class="s-lib-box-container"> <div id="s-lg-box-27434996" class="s-lib-box s-lib-box-std"> <h2 class="s-lib-box-title">Latinx</h2><div id="s-lg-box-collapse-27434996" > <div class="s-lib-box-content"> <div class=""><ul id="s-lg-link-list-65917817" class="s-lg-link-list s-lg-link-list-5"><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-63509890" class="s-lg-book clearfix"><div class="s-lg-book-props"><a href="https://search.library.yale.edu/catalog/12720905" target="_blank" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '3',_st_content_id: '63509890',_st_inc_return: this});"><span id="s-lg-book-cover-63509890" class="s-lg-book-cover"><img loading="lazy" alt="Cover Art" src="//syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=9780810888708/LC.GIF&client=springshare" class="pull-left s-lg-book-cover-img-0" /></span><span id="s-lg-book-title-63509890" class="s-lg-book-title">Latin American Classical Composers: A Biographical Dictionary</span><span id="s-lg-book-by-63509890" class="s-lg-book-by"> by </span><span id="s-lg-book-author-63509890" class="s-lg-book-author">Martha Furman Schleifer and Gary Galván, Editors</span></a><div class="s-lg-book-prop-callno">Call Number: Reference ML105 F44 2016</div><div class="s-lg-book-prop-pubdate">Publication Date: 3rd ed., 2016</div><div id="s-lg-book-desc-63509890" class="s-lg-book-desc">Now in its third edition, Latin American Classical Composers: A Biographical Dictionary provides a singular English-language resource for biographical information on hundreds of composers from Central and South America and the Hispanic Caribbean. Painstakingly gathered from a wide variety of sources, the information updates and expands previous editions and fills in the gaps left by the other major English-language music dictionaries and encyclopedias. Entries provide biographical data comprising full names, birth and death dates and locations, background, education, and training, as well as selective works lists more than 2,300 composers. An index of composers by country and women composers of Latin America complement the volume. An essential part of any music library, Latin American Classical Composers is an invaluable reference for librarians, musicologists, ethnomusicologists, researchers, and music students.</div></div></div></li></ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div><div id="s-lg-box-wrapper-32260285" class="s-lg-box-wrapper-32260285"><div id="s-lg-box-27434980-container" class="s-lib-box-container"> <div id="s-lg-box-27434980" class="s-lib-box s-lib-box-std"> <h2 class="s-lib-box-title">LGBTQI</h2><div id="s-lg-box-collapse-27434980" > <div class="s-lib-box-content"> <div class=""><ul id="s-lg-link-list-60985601" class="s-lg-link-list s-lg-link-list-2"><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-58633338" class=""><span><a href="https://queerbio.com/wiki/index.php?title=LGBTQ_Classical_Music_Composers" target="_blank" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '2',_st_content_id: '58633338',_st_inc_return: this});">LGBTQ Classical Music Composers</a></span><div id="s-lg-link-desc-58633338" class="s-lg-link-desc">LGBTQ classical music composers have spanned the generations. They include the early Baroque composers of Europe (such as Jean-Baptiste Lully), impressionist classicists (such as Maurice Ravel), mid-nineteen century modernists (such as Leonard Bernstein, Aaron Copland, and Benjamin Britten), and contemporary composers (such as Stephen Hough, Jennifer Higdon, and Gareth Farr). This group of LGBTQ composers has also been active in composing works for many artistic forms. These include ballet, opera, piano, string instruments, and full orchestral movements. Many have had their work generously recognized with awards, such as Pulitzer Prizes, Grammy Awards, and significant national honours.</div></div></li></ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div><div id="s-lg-box-wrapper-32282056" class="s-lg-box-wrapper-32282056"><div id="s-lg-box-27452797-container" class="s-lib-box-container"> <div id="s-lg-box-27452797" class="s-lib-box s-lib-box-std"> <h2 class="s-lib-box-title">Native Americans</h2><div id="s-lg-box-collapse-27452797" > <div class="s-lib-box-content"> <div class=""><ul id="s-lg-link-list-66066591" class="s-lg-link-list s-lg-link-list-2"><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-63654830" class=""><span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Native_American_composers" target="_blank" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '2',_st_content_id: '63654830',_st_inc_return: this});">Native American Composers</a></span><div id="s-lg-link-desc-63654830" class="s-lg-link-desc">From Wikipedia</div></div></li><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-63654974" class=""><span><a href="https://nmbx.newmusicusa.org/native-american-composers/" target="_blank" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '2',_st_content_id: '63654974',_st_inc_return: this});">Native American Composers by Gail Wein</a></span><div id="s-lg-link-desc-63654974" class="s-lg-link-desc">Online article from New Music Box. Showcases several native American composers, presenting brief biographical information.</div></div></li></ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div><div id="s-lg-box-wrapper-32260298" class="s-lg-box-wrapper-32260298"><div id="s-lg-box-27434989-container" class="s-lib-box-container"> <div id="s-lg-box-27434989" class="s-lib-box s-lib-box-std"> <h2 class="s-lib-box-title">Women</h2><div id="s-lg-box-collapse-27434989" > <div class="s-lib-box-content"> <div class=""><ul id="s-lg-link-list-65783366" class="s-lg-link-list s-lg-link-list-2"><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-63385292" class=""><span><a href="https://donne-uk.org/" target="_blank" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '2',_st_content_id: '63385292',_st_inc_return: this});">BIG LIST of Women Composers</a></span><div id="s-lg-link-desc-63385292" class="s-lg-link-desc">The BIG LIST of Women Composers is an ever-expanding list featuring more than 5,000 women composers (and counting). From pre-medieval composers to 21st century singer-songwriters, pick a country, a century, a music genre: you will find a woman there! From DONNE: Women in Music</div></div></li><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-58518071" class=""><span><a href="http://www.kapralova.org/index.htm" target="_blank" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '2',_st_content_id: '58518071',_st_inc_return: this});">The Kapralova Society: Women in Music</a></span><div id="s-lg-link-desc-58518071" class="s-lg-link-desc">The Kapralova Society is a Canadian non-profit music society, founded in 1998 in Toronto. An affiliate member of the International Alliance for Women in Music, the Society's mission is to promote interest in Kapralova and other women in music through scholarly research, education, and special projects, often in partnership with schools of music, public broadcasters, publishing houses, and other organizations.</div></div></li><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-58518536" class=""><span><a href="https://manymanywomen.com/about/" target="_blank" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '2',_st_content_id: '58518536',_st_inc_return: this});">Many Many Women: An Index of Over 1000 Composers, Improvisers, and Sonic Artists</a></span><div id="s-lg-link-desc-58518536" class="s-lg-link-desc">Focuses on women making various kinds of experimental/avant garde music. Some of these artists may also work within more mainstream forms, but they are included here because of their other work that is more challenging. Compiled by Megan Mitchell.</div></div></li><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-58632989" class=""><span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_women_composers_by_birth_date" target="_blank" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '2',_st_content_id: '58632989',_st_inc_return: this});">Women Composers by Birth Date</a></span><div id="s-lg-link-desc-58632989" class="s-lg-link-desc">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The following is a list of female composers in the Western concert tradition, ordered by their year of birth.</div></div></li><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-63385168" class=""><span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_women_composers_by_name" target="_blank" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '2',_st_content_id: '63385168',_st_inc_return: this});">Women Composers by Name</a></span><div id="s-lg-link-desc-63385168" class="s-lg-link-desc">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.</div></div></li></ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div></div><div class="row s-lg-row"><div id="s-lg-col-127" class="col-md-12"><div class="s-lg-col-boxes"></div></div></div> <ul id="s-lg-page-prevnext" class="pager s-lib-hide"><li class="previous"><a href="https://guides.library.yale.edu/music-diversity/home"><< <strong>Previous:</strong> Home</a></li><li class="next"><a href="https://guides.library.yale.edu/music-diversity/repertoire"><strong>Next:</strong> Repertoire >></a></li></ul> </div>   <div id="s-lib-footer-public" class="s-lib-footer footer container s-lib-side-borders"> <div id="s-lg-guide-header-meta" class="pad-top-sm clearfix"> <ul id="s-lg-guide-header-attributes" class=""> <li id="s-lg-guide-header-updated" class="s-lg-h-separator"> <span class="s-lg-guide-label">Last Updated:</span> <span class="s-lg-text-greyout">Nov 11, 2024 3:36 PM</span> </li> <li id="s-lg-guide-header-url" class="s-lg-h-separator"> <span class="s-lg-guide-label">URL:</span> <span class="s-lg-text-greyout">https://guides.library.yale.edu/music-diversity</span> </li> <li id="s-lg-guide-print-url"> <a href="javascript: window.print();"><i class="fa fa-print" aria-hidden="true" title="Print Page"></i> Print Page</a> </li> </ul> <div id="s-lib-footer-login-link"> <a href="https://yale.libapps.com/libapps/login.php?site_id=12&target64=L2xpYmd1aWRlcy9hZG1pbl9jLnBocD9nPTEwOTQwNjYmcD03OTc5Mzgy">Staff Login</a> </div> </div> <div class="pad-bottom-sm clearfix"> <div id="s-lib-footer-support-link" class="pull-right pad-right-med"> </div> <div id="s-lg-guide-header-subjects" class="pad-top-sm pad-left-med pad-right-med pull-left"> <span class="s-lg-guide-label">Subjects: </span><span class="s-lg-small bold"><a href="https://guides.library.yale.edu/sb.php?subject_id=59922">Music</a></span> </div> <div id="s-lg-guide-header-tags" class="pad-top-sm pad-left-med"> <span class="s-lg-guide-label">Tags: </span><span class="s-lg-small bold"><a href="https://guides.library.yale.edu/srch.php?tag=BIPOC&default_lg=1">BIPOC</a>, <a href="https://guides.library.yale.edu/srch.php?tag=Black&default_lg=1">Black</a>, <a href="https://guides.library.yale.edu/srch.php?tag=Diversity&default_lg=1">Diversity</a>, <a href="https://guides.library.yale.edu/srch.php?tag=women&default_lg=1">women</a></span> </div> </div> </div>   <div id="s-lib-scroll-top"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="jQuery('body').focus();" title="Back to Top" aria-label="Back to Top"> <span class="fa-stack fa-lg" aria-hidden="true"> <i class="fa fa-square-o fa-stack-2x"></i> <i class="fa fa-angle-double-up fa-stack-1x" style="position:relative; bottom:2px;"></i> </span> </a> </div>  <div id="s-lib-alert" title=""><div id="s-lib-alert-content"></div></div>  <div class="custom-footer"> <p><img alt="Yale Library logo" src="https://library.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/FinalULWhite-1000px.png" width="360" height="26"></p> <div class="row"> <div class="column-3"> <h2 class="footer-he">Site Navigation</h2> <p class="footer-list"><a href="https://web.library.yale.edu/search/google">Find, Request, and Use</a></p> <p class="footer-list"> <a href="https://library.yale.edu/help-and-research-support">Help and Research Support</a></p> <p class="footer-list"><a href="https://library.yale.edu/visit-and-study">Visit and Study</a></p> <p class="footer-list"><a href="https://library.yale.edu/explore-collections">Explore Collections</a></p> <p class="footer-list"><a href="https://library.yale.edu/about-us">About Us</a></p> <p class="footer-list"><a href="https://ask.library.yale.edu/">Ask Yale Library</a></p> <p class="footer-list"><a href="https://library.yale.edu/my-library-accounts">My Library Accounts</a></p> <p class="footer-list"><a href="https://web.library.yale.edu/buildings">Hours</a></p> <p> </p> <p style="color:#fff;font-size:11pt; font-family:'mallory_mplight'"> P.O. 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