Home | University of Waterloo

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="content: http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/ dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ og: http://ogp.me/ns# rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# schema: http://schema.org/ sioc: http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns# sioct: http://rdfs.org/sioc/types# skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# xsd: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# " class="no-js"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]},distributed_tracing:{enabled:true}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={agentID:"1103280112",accountID:"4165269",trustKey:"66686",xpid:"UAcBVFRVARABVFhaBQMHUlYJ",licenseKey:"NRJS-00798bf011f7ec1aa7f",applicationID:"1098220428"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.274.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>h,gD:()=>g,xN:()=>p});var n=r(993);const i=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var o=r(2614),a=r(944),s=r(384),c=r(8122);const u="[data-nr-mask]",d=()=>{const e={mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},feature_flags:[],generic_events:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0,level:n.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},performance:{capture_marks:!1,capture_measures:!1},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:o.wk,inactiveMs:o.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){i(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(u):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=u:(0,a.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){i(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,a.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,a.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0}}},l={},f="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function h(e){if(!e)throw new Error(f);if(!l[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);l[e]=(0,c.a)(t,d());const r=(0,s.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=l[e])}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);var r=h(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},5603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>c,o:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=a[e])}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,Yq:()=>a,xv:()=>n});const n="1.274.0",i="PROD",o="CDN",a="^2.0.0-alpha.17"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A4:()=>s,OF:()=>d,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>h,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,lR:()=>f,m:()=>u,mw:()=>c,sb:()=>l});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s="complete"===a?.document?.readyState,c=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),u=""+a?.location,d=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),l=d&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,f=(()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),h=Date.now()-(0,n.t)()},7295:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Xv:()=>a,gX:()=>i,iW:()=>o});var n=[];function i(e){if(!e||o(e))return!1;if(0===n.length)return!0;for(var t=0;t<n.length;t++){var r=n[t];if("*"===r.hostname)return!1;if(s(r.hostname,e.hostname)&&c(r.pathname,e.pathname))return!1}return!0}function o(e){return void 0===e.hostname}function a(e){if(n=[],e&&e.length)for(var t=0;t<e.length;t++){let r=e[t];if(!r)continue;0===r.indexOf("http://")?r=r.substring(7):0===r.indexOf("https://")&&(r=r.substring(8));const i=r.indexOf("/");let o,a;i>0?(o=r.substring(0,i),a=r.substring(i)):(o=r,a="");let[s]=o.split(":");n.push({hostname:s,pathname:a})}}function s(e,t){return!(e.length>t.length)&&t.indexOf(e)===t.length-e.length}function c(e,t){return 0===e.indexOf("/")&&(e=e.substring(1)),0===t.indexOf("/")&&(t=t.substring(1)),""===e||e===t}},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),h(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return h(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),h(e,t)})))}function h(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=h(n),c=g(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=v()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:m,listeners:g,context:h,buffer:function(e,t){const r=v();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!v()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function h(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=g(e).concat(t)}function g(e){return n[e]||[]}function m(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function v(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,ZF:()=>c,bz:()=>a,el:()=>u});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}function c(){return s(16)}function u(){return s(32)}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},7485:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(6154);function i(e){if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};try{const t=new URL(e,location.href),r={port:t.port,hostname:t.hostname,pathname:t.pathname,search:t.search,protocol:t.protocol.slice(0,t.protocol.indexOf(":")),sameOrigin:t.protocol===n.gm?.location?.protocol&&t.host===n.gm?.location?.host};return r.port&&""!==r.port||("http:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="80"),"https:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="443")),r.pathname&&""!==r.pathname?r.pathname.startsWith("/")||(r.pathname="/".concat(r.pathname)):r.pathname="/",r}catch(e){return{}}}},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},3304:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A:()=>o});var n=r(7836);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())??""}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}return""}}},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},8139:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>f});var n=r(7836),i=r(3434),o=r(8990),a=r(6154);const s={},c=a.gm.XMLHttpRequest,u="addEventListener",d="removeEventListener",l="nr@wrapped:".concat(n.P);function f(e){var t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("events")}(e);if(s[t.debugId]++)return t;s[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,i.YM)(t,!0);function f(e){r.inPlace(e,[u,d],"-",p)}function p(e,t){return e[1]}return"getPrototypeOf"in Object&&(a.RI&&h(document,f),h(a.gm,f),h(c.prototype,f)),t.on(u+"-start",(function(e,t){var n=e[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)){var i=(0,o.I)(n,l,(function(){var e={object:function(){if("function"!=typeof n.handleEvent)return;return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)},function:n}[typeof n];return e?r(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n}));this.wrapped=e[1]=i}})),t.on(d+"-start",(function(e){e[1]=this.wrapped||e[1]})),t}function h(e,t,...r){let n=e;for(;"object"==typeof n&&!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,u);)n=Object.getPrototypeOf(n);n&&t(n,...r)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Jt:()=>o,YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},9300:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.ajax},3333:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,Zp:()=>i,mq:()=>s,nf:()=>a,qN:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.genericEvents,i=["auxclick","click","copy","keydown","paste","scrollend"],o=["focus","blur"],a=4,s=1e3},6774:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.jserrors},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,TZ:()=>a,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log",a=n.K7.logging},3785:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{R:()=>c,b:()=>u});var n=r(9908),i=r(1863),o=r(860),a=r(3969),s=r(993);function c(e,t,r={},c=s.p_.INFO){(0,n.p)(a.xV,["API/logging/".concat(c.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,o.K7.metrics,e),(0,n.p)(s.ET,[(0,i.t)(),t,r,c],void 0,o.K7.logging,e)}function u(e){return"string"==typeof e&&Object.values(s.p_).some((t=>t===e.toUpperCase().trim()))}},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>d,G4:()=>o,Qb:()=>l,TZ:()=>i,Ug:()=>a,_s:()=>s,bc:()=>u,yP:()=>c});var n=r(2614);const i=r(860).K7.sessionReplay,o={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"},a=.12,s={DomContentLoaded:0,Load:1,FullSnapshot:2,IncrementalSnapshot:3,Meta:4,Custom:5},c={[n.g.ERROR]:15e3,[n.g.FULL]:3e5,[n.g.OFF]:0},u={RESET:{message:"Session was reset",sm:"Reset"},IMPORT:{message:"Recorder failed to import",sm:"Import"},TOO_MANY:{message:"429: Too Many Requests",sm:"Too-Many"},TOO_BIG:{message:"Payload was too large",sm:"Too-Big"},CROSS_TAB:{message:"Session Entity was set to OFF on another tab",sm:"Cross-Tab"},ENTITLEMENTS:{message:"Session Replay is not allowed and will not be started",sm:"Entitlement"}},d=5e3,l={API:"api"}},5270:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Aw:()=>c,CT:()=>u,SR:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(9417),o=r(7767),a=r(6154);function s(e){return!!(0,n.dV)().o.MO&&(0,o.V)(e)&&!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}function c(e){return!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_replay.preload")&&s(e)}function u(e,t){const r=t.correctAbsoluteTimestamp(e);return{originalTimestamp:e,correctedTimestamp:r,timestampDiff:e-r,originTime:a.WN,correctedOriginTime:t.correctedOriginTime,originTimeDiff:Math.floor(a.WN-t.correctedOriginTime)}}},3738:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{He:()=>i,Kp:()=>s,Lc:()=>u,Rz:()=>d,TZ:()=>n,bD:()=>o,d3:()=>a,jx:()=>l,uP:()=>c});const n=r(860).K7.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,u="fn"+s,d="pushState",l=1e3},3962:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{AM:()=>o,O2:()=>s,Qu:()=>c,TZ:()=>a,ih:()=>u,tC:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i=["click","keydown","submit"],o="api",a=n.K7.softNav,s={INITIAL_PAGE_LOAD:"",ROUTE_CHANGE:1,UNSPECIFIED:2},c={INTERACTION:1,AJAX:2,CUSTOM_END:3,CUSTOM_TRACER:4},u={IP:"in progress",FIN:"finished",CAN:"cancelled"}},7378:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$p:()=>x,BR:()=>b,Kp:()=>R,L3:()=>y,Lc:()=>c,NC:()=>o,SG:()=>d,TZ:()=>i,U6:()=>p,UT:()=>m,d3:()=>w,dT:()=>f,e5:()=>A,gx:()=>v,l9:()=>l,oW:()=>h,op:()=>g,rw:()=>u,tH:()=>E,uP:()=>s,wW:()=>T,xq:()=>a});var n=r(384);const i=r(860).K7.spa,o=["click","submit","keypress","keydown","keyup","change"],a=999,s="fn-start",c="fn-end",u="cb-start",d="api-ixn-",l="remaining",f="interaction",h="spaNode",p="jsonpNode",g="fetch-start",m="fetch-done",v="fetch-body-",b="jsonp-end",y=(0,n.dV)().o.ST,w="-start",R="-end",x="-body",T="cb"+R,A="jsTime",E="fetch"},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7767:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>o});var n=r(9417),i=r(6154);const o=e=>i.RI&&!0===(0,n.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled")},425:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>j});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),h=r(384),p=r(6344);const g=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],m=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var v=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993),w=r(3785),R=r(2646),x=r(3434);function T(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,x.YM)(i),a=new R.y(s.P);return a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes,o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",a),i}function A(){const e=(0,h.pV)();g.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const E={};var S=r(9417),N=r(5603),O=r(5284);const _=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let I=!1;function j(e,t={},g,R){let{init:x,info:j,loader_config:P,runtime:C={},exposed:k=!0}=t;C.loaderType=g;const L=(0,h.pV)();j||(x=L.init,j=L.info,P=L.loader_config),(0,S.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,x||{}),(0,N.a)(e.agentIdentifier,P||{}),j.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(j.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,j);const H=(0,S.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),D=[j.beacon,j.errorBeacon];I||(H.proxy.assets&&(_(H.proxy.assets),D.push(H.proxy.assets)),H.proxy.beacon&&D.push(H.proxy.beacon),A(),(0,h.US)("activatedFeatures",O.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===H.soft_navigations.enabled&&H.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),C.denyList=[...H.ajax.deny_list||[],...H.ajax.block_internal?D:[]],C.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,C),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=function(e,t,h=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const g={};var R=s.ee.get(e),x=R.get("tracer");E[e]=b.g.OFF,R.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{E[e]=t}));var A="api-",S=A+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),I(A,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function O(){}g.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,w.R)(R,e,t,r)},g.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),T(R,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},m.forEach((e=>{g[e]=I(A,e,!0,"api")})),g.addPageAction=I(A,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,I(A,"setPageViewName",!0)()},g.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},g.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},g.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},g.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),R.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},g[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g.interaction=function(e){return(new O).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const _=O.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),h||(0,a.p)(S+"tracer",[(0,v.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,R),function(){if(x.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,v.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw x.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{x.emit("fn-end",[(0,v.t)()],r)}}}};function I(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[(0,v.t)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,R),r?void 0:this}}function j(){r.e(478).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),R.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{_[e]=I(S,e,void 0,h?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),g.setCurrentRouteName=h?I(S,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):I(A,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),g.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,v.t)(),!1,r,!!E[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,R)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>j()),!0):j(),g}(e.agentIdentifier,R,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=k),I=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>o,K7:()=>n,P3:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:"jserrors",logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.spa]:5,[n.ajax]:6,[n.sessionTrace]:7,[n.softNav]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9,[n.logging]:10,[n.genericEvents]:11},o={[n.pageViewTiming]:"events",[n.ajax]:"events",[n.spa]:"events",[n.softNav]:"events",[n.metrics]:"jserrors",[n.jserrors]:"jserrors",[n.sessionTrace]:"browser/blobs",[n.sessionReplay]:"browser/blobs",[n.logging]:"browser/logs",[n.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>({212:"nr-spa-compressor",249:"nr-spa-recorder",478:"nr-spa"}[e]+"-1.274.0.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.274.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={478:"sha512-1vUqEfJPB8Pihje9mv5CfYgkitO1FWcS+UQb84DbXqP8oYctRv4/lzl/MzNLPlRhcY1WVDBGL20I8vm6s2VV7g==",249:"sha512-Y/BeZAh6VSTmUtUNmS5XdyKxL92s30Fyyj8xVW76HSPxcKItL4+x2+kGMZc8pMJnUpZDz1L4eftZQAJh3D8NnA==",212:"sha512-Gn2tQ3qog5Yhrx/gRutkSTYPp+7nkKFt4/mIXg99LxcNpMDAYJZDBYmAACdoHNM86+iq1F3cBcQotFNzjIX8bw=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var h=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(h.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=h.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=h.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={38:0,788:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(e=(0,r.LA)(16)){this.agentIdentifier=e}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(425);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),h=i(5289),p=i(6154),g=i(5270),m=i(7767),v=i(6389);class b extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,v.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if((0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6526));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(t.sharedAggregator)await t.sharedAggregator;else{t.sharedAggregator=i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,9337));const{EventAggregator:e}=await t.sharedAggregator;t.sharedAggregator=new e}if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,h.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return(0,g.SR)(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var y=i(6630);class w extends b{static featureName=y.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,y.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(384);var x=i(9908),T=i(2843),A=i(3878),E=i(782),S=i(1863);class N extends b{static featureName=E.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,E.T,t),p.RI&&((0,T.u)((()=>(0,x.p)("docHidden",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,E.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,A.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,x.p)("winPagehide",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,E.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var O=i(3969);class _ extends b{static featureName=O.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,O.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var I=i(6774),j=i(3304);class P{constructor(e,t,r,n,i){this.name="UncaughtError",this.message="string"==typeof e?e:(0,j.A)(e),this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r,this.column=n,this.__newrelic=i}}function C(e){return H(e)?e:new P(void 0!==e?.message?e.message:e,e?.filename||e?.sourceURL,e?.lineno||e?.line,e?.colno||e?.col,e?.__newrelic)}function k(e){const t="Unhandled Promise Rejection";if(!e?.reason)return;if(H(e.reason))try{return e.reason.message=t+": "+e.reason.message,C(e.reason)}catch(t){return C(e.reason)}const r=C(e.reason);return r.message=t+": "+r?.message,r}function L(e){if(e.error instanceof SyntaxError&&!/:\d+$/.test(e.error.stack?.trim())){const t=new P(e.message,e.filename,e.lineno,e.colno,e.error.__newrelic);return t.name=SyntaxError.name,t}return H(e.error)?e.error:C(e)}function H(e){return e instanceof Error&&!!e.stack}class D extends b{static featureName=I.T;#r=!1;constructor(e,r=!0){super(e,I.T,r);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}this.ee.on("internal-error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("ierr",[C(e),(0,S.t)(),!0,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.#r=e})),p.gm.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[k(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),p.gm.addEventListener("error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[L(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var M=i(8990);let K=1;const U="nr@id";function V(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===p.gm?0:(0,M.I)(e,U,(function(){return K++}))}function G(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,j.A)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var F=i(8139),B=i(7836),W=i(3434);const z={},q=["open","send"];function Z(t){var r=t||B.ee;const n=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("xhr")}(r);if(z[n.debugId]++)return n;z[n.debugId]=1,(0,F.u)(r);var i=(0,W.YM)(n),o=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest,a=p.gm.MutationObserver,s=p.gm.Promise,c=p.gm.setInterval,u="readystatechange",d=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],l=[],f=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){const r=new o(t),a=n.context(r);try{n.emit("new-xhr",[r],a),r.addEventListener(u,(s=a,function(){var e=this;e.readyState>3&&!s.resolved&&(s.resolved=!0,n.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,d,"fn-",y)}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(15,t);try{n.emit("internal-error",[t])}catch(e){}}var s;return r};function h(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",y)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,f),f.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(f.prototype,q,"-xhr-",y),n.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){h(e,t),function(e){l.push(e),a&&(g?g.then(b):c?c(b):(m=-m,v.data=m))}(t)})),n.on("open-xhr-start",h),a){var g=s&&s.resolve();if(!c&&!s){var m=1,v=document.createTextNode(m);new a(b).observe(v,{characterData:!0})}}else r.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===u||b()}));function b(){for(var e=0;e<l.length;e++)h(0,l[e]);l.length&&(l=[])}function y(e,t){return t}return n}var Y="fetch-",X=Y+"body-",J=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],Q=p.gm.Request,ee=p.gm.Response,te="prototype";const re={};function ne(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("fetch")}(e);if(!(Q&&ee&&p.gm.fetch))return t;if(re[t.debugId]++)return t;function r(e,r,n){var i=e[r];"function"==typeof i&&(e[r]=function(){var e,r=[...arguments],o={};t.emit(n+"before-start",[r],o),o[B.P]&&o[B.P].dt&&(e=o[B.P].dt);var a=i.apply(this,r);return t.emit(n+"start",[r,e],a),a.then((function(e){return t.emit(n+"end",[null,e],a),e}),(function(e){throw t.emit(n+"end",[e],a),e}))})}return re[t.debugId]=1,J.forEach((e=>{r(Q[te],e,X),r(ee[te],e,X)})),r(p.gm,"fetch",Y),t.on(Y+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(Y+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(Y+"done",[e],n)})),t}var ie=i(7485),oe=i(5603);class ae{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var t=(0,oe.o)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!t)return null;var n=(t.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(t.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(t.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,r.ZF)(),s=(0,r.el)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof p.gm?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,j.A)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var t=!1,r={};if((0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(r=(0,s.D0)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)t=!0;else if(r.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var n=0;n<r.allowed_origins.length;n++){var i=(0,ie.D)(r.allowed_origins[n]);if(e.hostname===i.hostname&&e.protocol===i.protocol&&e.port===i.port){t=!0;break}}return t}isDtEnabled(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.enabled}excludeNewrelicHeader(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.exclude_newrelic_header}useNewrelicHeaderForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!1!==e.cors_use_newrelic_header}useTraceContextHeadersForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}}var se=i(9300),ce=i(7295),ue=["load","error","abort","timeout"],de=ue.length,le=(0,R.dV)().o.REQ,fe=(0,R.dV)().o.XHR;class he extends b{static featureName=se.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,se.T,t),this.dt=new ae(e.agentIdentifier),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,x.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee);try{const e={xmlhttprequest:"xhr",fetch:"fetch",beacon:"beacon"};p.gm?.performance?.getEntriesByType("resource").forEach((t=>{if(t.initiatorType in e&&0!==t.responseStatus){const r={status:t.responseStatus},n={rxSize:t.transferSize,duration:Math.floor(t.duration),cbTime:0};pe(r,t.name),this.handler("xhr",[r,n,t.startTime,t.responseEnd,e[t.initiatorType]],void 0,a.K7.ajax)}}))}catch(e){}ne(this.ee),Z(this.ee),function(e,t,r,n){function i(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=R,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){T(t,e)}),(0,A.jT)(!1)),p.lR||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}function o(e){this.params={method:e[0]},pe(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function s(t,r){e.loader_config.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&r.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",e.loader_config.xpid);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i){var o=!1;i.newrelicHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("newrelic",i.newrelicHeader),o=!0),i.traceContextParentHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("traceparent",i.traceContextParentHeader),i.traceContextStateHeader&&r.setRequestHeader("tracestate",i.traceContextStateHeader),o=!0),o&&(this.dt=i)}}function c(e,r){var n=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(n&&i){var a=G(i);a&&(n.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.body=i,this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof r.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(r)}catch(e){try{t.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s<de;s++)r.addEventListener(ue[s],this.listener,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function u(e,t,r){this.cbTime+=e,t?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof r.onload||"function"!=typeof this.end||this.end(r)}function d(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[r]&&(this.xhrGuids[r]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}function l(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[r]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[r],this.totalCbs-=1)}function f(){this.endTime=(0,S.t)()}function h(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-added",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function g(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-removed",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function m(e,t,r){t instanceof fe&&("onload"===r&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(e[0]&&e[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=(0,S.t)()))}function v(e,r){this.xhrCbStart&&t.emit("xhr-cb-time",[(0,S.t)()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,r],r)}function b(e){var t,r=e[1]||{};if("string"==typeof e[0]?0===(t=e[0]).length&&p.RI&&(t=""+p.gm.location.href):e[0]&&e[0].url?t=e[0].url:p.gm?.URL&&e[0]&&e[0]instanceof URL?t=e[0].href:"function"==typeof e[0].toString&&(t=e[0].toString()),"string"==typeof t&&0!==t.length){t&&(this.parsedOrigin=(0,ie.D)(t),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i&&(i.newrelicHeader||i.traceContextParentHeader))if(e[0]&&e[0].headers)s(e[0].headers,i)&&(this.dt=i);else{var o={};for(var a in r)o[a]=r[a];o.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),s(o.headers,i)&&(this.dt=i),e.length>1?e[1]=o:e.push(o)}}function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function y(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof le?r=i.url:p.gm?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),pe(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof le&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.body=n.body,this.txSize=G(n.body)||0}function w(e,t){if(this.endTime=(0,S.t)(),this.params||(this.params={}),(0,ce.iW)(this.params))return;let n;this.params.status=t?t.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);const i={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,S.t)()-this.startTime};r("xhr",[this.params,i,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,a.K7.ajax)}function R(e){const t=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(let t=0;t<de;t++)e.removeEventListener(ue[t],this.listener,!1);t.aborted||(0,ce.iW)(t)||(n.duration=(0,S.t)()-this.startTime,this.loadCazptureCalled||4!==e.readyState?null==t.status&&(t.status=0):T(this,e),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,r("xhr",[t,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"],this,a.K7.ajax))}}function T(e,r){e.params.status=r.status;var n=function(e,t){var r=e.responseType;return"json"===r&&null!==t?t:"arraybuffer"===r||"blob"===r||"json"===r?G(e.response):"text"===r||""===r||void 0===r?G(e.responseText):void 0}(r,e.lastSize);if(n&&(e.metrics.rxSize=n),e.sameOrigin){var i=r.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");i&&((0,x.p)(O.rs,["Ajax/CrossApplicationTracing/Header/Seen"],void 0,a.K7.metrics,t),e.params.cat=i.split(", ").pop())}e.loadCaptureCalled=!0}t.on("new-xhr",i),t.on("open-xhr-start",o),t.on("open-xhr-end",s),t.on("send-xhr-start",c),t.on("xhr-cb-time",u),t.on("xhr-load-added",d),t.on("xhr-load-removed",l),t.on("xhr-resolved",f),t.on("addEventListener-end",h),t.on("removeEventListener-end",g),t.on("fn-end",v),t.on("fetch-before-start",b),t.on("fetch-start",y),t.on("fn-start",m),t.on("fetch-done",w)}(e,this.ee,this.handler,this.dt),this.importAggregator(e)}}function pe(e,t){var r=(0,ie.D)(t),n=e.params||e;n.hostname=r.hostname,n.port=r.port,n.protocol=r.protocol,n.host=r.hostname+":"+r.port,n.pathname=r.pathname,e.parsedOrigin=r,e.sameOrigin=r.sameOrigin}const ge={},me=["pushState","replaceState"];function ve(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("history")}(e);return!p.RI||ge[t.debugId]++||(ge[t.debugId]=1,(0,W.YM)(t).inPlace(window.history,me,"-")),t}var be=i(3738);const{He:ye,bD:we,d3:Re,Kp:xe,TZ:Te,Lc:Ae,uP:Ee,Rz:Se}=be;class Ne extends b{static featureName=Te;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,Te,t);if(!(0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier))return void this.deregisterDrain();const r=this.ee;let n;ve(r),this.eventsEE=(0,F.u)(r),this.eventsEE.on(Ee,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,S.t)()})),this.eventsEE.on(Ae,(function(e,t){(0,x.p)("bst",[e[0],t,this.bstStart,(0,S.t)()],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),r.on(Se+Re,(function(e){this.time=(0,S.t)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),r.on(Se+xe,(function(e){(0,x.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)}));try{n=new PerformanceObserver((e=>{const t=e.getEntries();(0,x.p)(ye,[t],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),n.observe({type:we,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(e,{resourceObserver:n})}}var Oe=i(2614);class _e extends b{static featureName=t.TZ;#i;#o;constructor(e,r=!0){let n;super(e,t.TZ,r),this.replayRunning=!1,this.#o=e;try{n=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("".concat(Oe.H3,"_").concat(Oe.uh)))}catch(e){}(0,g.SR)(e.agentIdentifier)&&this.ee.on(t.G4.RECORD,(()=>this.#a())),this.#s(n)?(this.#i=n?.sessionReplayMode,this.#c()):this.importAggregator(e),this.ee.on("err",(e=>{this.replayRunning&&(this.errorNoticed=!0,(0,x.p)(t.G4.ERROR_DURING_REPLAY,[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee))})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.replayRunning=e}))}#s(e){return e&&(e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.FULL||e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.ERROR)||(0,g.Aw)(this.agentIdentifier)}#u=!1;async#c(e){if(!this.#u){this.#u=!0;try{const{Recorder:t}=await Promise.all([i.e(478),i.e(249)]).then(i.bind(i,8589));this.recorder??=new t({mode:this.#i,agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier,trigger:e,ee:this.ee}),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(this.#o,{recorder:this.recorder,errorNoticed:this.errorNoticed})}}#a(){this.featAggregate?this.featAggregate.mode!==Oe.g.FULL&&this.featAggregate.initializeRecording(Oe.g.FULL,!0):(this.#i=Oe.g.FULL,this.#c(t.Qb.API),this.recorder&&this.recorder.parent.mode!==Oe.g.FULL&&(this.recorder.parent.mode=Oe.g.FULL,this.recorder.stopRecording(),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording))}}var Ie=i(3962);class je extends b{static featureName=Ie.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,Ie.TZ,t),!p.RI||!(0,R.dV)().o.MO)return;const r=ve(this.ee);Ie.tC.forEach((e=>{(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>{a(e)}),!0)}));const n=()=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[(0,S.t)(),""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee);r.on("pushState-end",n),r.on("replaceState-end",n);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}(0,A.sp)("popstate",(e=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[e.timeStamp,""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal);let i=!1;const o=new((0,R.dV)().o.MO)(((e,t)=>{i||(i=!0,requestAnimationFrame((()=>{(0,x.p)("newDom",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),i=!1})))})),a=(0,v.s)((e=>{(0,x.p)("newUIEvent",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),o.observe(document.body,{attributes:!0,childList:!0,subtree:!0,characterData:!0})}),100,{leading:!0});this.abortHandler=function(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),o.disconnect(),this.abortHandler=void 0},this.importAggregator(e,{domObserver:o})}}var Pe=i(7378);const Ce={},ke=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];function Le(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("jsonp")}(e);if(!p.RI||Ce[t.debugId])return t;Ce[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,i=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,o=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/;function a(e,t){if(!e)return t;const r=e.match(o),n=r[1];return a(r[3],t[n])}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,ke,"dom-"),t.on("dom-start",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e.nodeName||"script"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if("function"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var o=(s=e.src,c=s.match(n),c?c[1]:null);var s,c;if(!o)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(i);if(t&&t.length>=3)return{key:t[2],parent:a(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(o);if("function"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function l(){t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function f(){t.emit("jsonp-error",[],d),t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],"cb-",d),e.addEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.addEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1)),t.emit("new-jsonp",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}const He={};function De(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("promise")}(e);if(He[t.debugId])return t;He[t.debugId]=!0;var r=t.context,n=(0,W.YM)(t),i=p.gm.Promise;return i&&function(){function e(r){var o=t.context(),a=n(r,"executor-",o,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(i,[a],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return o},s}p.gm.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,"name",{value:"Promise"}),e.toString=function(){return i.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,i),["all","race"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=>{this.resolve(e).then(a("all"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit("propagate",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),["resolve","reject"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r&&t.emit("propagate",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=i.prototype;const o=i.prototype.then;i.prototype.then=function(...e){var i=this,a=r(i);a.promise=i,e[0]=n(e[0],"cb-",a,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"cb-",a,null,!1);const s=o.apply(this,e);return a.nextPromise=s,t.emit("propagate",[i,!0],s,!1,!1),s},i.prototype.then[W.Jt]=o,t.on("executor-start",(function(e){e[0]=n(e[0],"resolve-",this,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"resolve-",this,null,!1)})),t.on("executor-err",(function(e,t,r){e[1](r)})),t.on("cb-end",(function(e,r,n){t.emit("propagate",[n,!0],this.nextPromise,!1,!1)})),t.on("propagate",(function(e,r,n){this.getCtx&&!r||(this.getCtx=function(){if(e instanceof Promise)var r=t.context(e);return r&&r.getCtx?r.getCtx():this})}))}(),t}const Me={},Ke="setTimeout",Ue="setInterval",Ve="clearTimeout",Ge="-start",Fe=[Ke,"setImmediate",Ue,Ve,"clearImmediate"];function Be(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("timer")}(e);if(Me[t.debugId]++)return t;Me[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,W.YM)(t);return r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(0,2),Ke+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(2,3),Ue+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(3),Ve+"-"),t.on(Ue+Ge,(function(e,t,n){e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",null,n)})),t.on(Ke+Ge,(function(e,t,n){this.method=n,this.timerDuration=isNaN(e[1])?0:+e[1],e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",this,n)})),t}const We={};function ze(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("mutation")}(e);if(!p.RI||We[t.debugId])return t;We[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=p.gm.MutationObserver;return n&&(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof n?new n(r(e,"fn-")):n.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=n.prototype),t}const{TZ:qe,d3:Ze,Kp:Ye,$p:Xe,wW:Je,e5:Qe,tH:$e,uP:et,rw:tt,Lc:rt}=Pe;class nt extends b{static featureName=qe;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,qe,t),!p.RI)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let r,n=0;const i=this.ee.get("tracer"),o=Le(this.ee),a=De(this.ee),s=Be(this.ee),c=Z(this.ee),u=this.ee.get("events"),d=ne(this.ee),l=ve(this.ee),f=ze(this.ee);function h(e,t){l.emit("newURL",[""+window.location,t])}function g(){n++,r=window.location.hash,this[et]=(0,S.t)()}function m(){n--,window.location.hash!==r&&h(0,!0);var e=(0,S.t)();this[Qe]=~~this[Qe]+e-this[et],this[rt]=e}function v(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,S.t)()}))}this.ee.on(et,g),a.on(tt,g),o.on(tt,g),this.ee.on(rt,m),a.on(Je,m),o.on(Je,m),this.ee.on("fn-err",((...t)=>{t[2]?.__newrelic?.[e.agentIdentifier]||(0,x.p)("function-err",[...t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.buffer([et,rt,"xhr-resolved"],this.featureName),u.buffer([et],this.featureName),s.buffer(["setTimeout"+Ye,"clearTimeout"+Ze,et],this.featureName),c.buffer([et,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+Ze],this.featureName),d.buffer([$e+Ze,$e+"-done",$e+Xe+Ze,$e+Xe+Ye],this.featureName),l.buffer(["newURL"],this.featureName),f.buffer([et],this.featureName),a.buffer(["propagate",tt,Je,"executor-err","resolve"+Ze],this.featureName),i.buffer([et,"no-"+et],this.featureName),o.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"],this.featureName),v(d,$e+Ze),v(d,$e+"-done"),v(o,"new-jsonp"),v(o,"jsonp-end"),v(o,"cb-start"),l.on("pushState-end",h),l.on("replaceState-end",h),window.addEventListener("hashchange",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("load",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",(function(){h(0,n>1)}),(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var it=i(3333);class ot extends b{static featureName=it.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,it.TZ,t);const r=[e.init.page_action.enabled,e.init.performance.capture_marks,e.init.performance.capture_measures,e.init.user_actions.enabled];p.RI&&e.init.user_actions.enabled&&(it.Zp.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0))),it.qN.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)))))),r.some((e=>e))?this.importAggregator(e):this.deregisterDrain()}}var at=i(993),st=i(3785);class ct extends b{static featureName=at.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,at.TZ,t);const r=this.ee;this.ee.on("wrap-logger-end",(function([e]){const{level:t,customAttributes:n}=this;(0,st.R)(r,e,n,t)})),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t,r){super(r),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,R.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(w),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,R.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[he,w,N,Ne,_e,_,D,ot,ct,je,nt],loaderType:"spa"})})()})();</script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://uwaterloo.ca/" /> <link rel="shortlink" href="https://uwaterloo.ca/" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 9 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-L2Z2MKPQ2G"></script> <script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-L2Z2MKPQ2G', { 'cookie_domain': 'uwaterloo.ca', 'cookie_path': '/', 'cookie_expires': 2592000 });</script> <link rel="icon" href="/profiles/uw_base_profile/themes/uw_fdsu_theme_resp/favicon.ico" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://uwaterloo.ca/" /> <link rel="icon" href="/profiles/uw_base_profile/themes/uw_fdsu_theme_resp/icon.svg" type="image/svg+xml" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/profiles/uw_base_profile/themes/uw_fdsu_theme_resp/apple-touch-icon.png" /> <link rel="manifest" href="data:application/manifest+json,%7B%22icons%22%3A%5B%7B%22src%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fuwaterloo.ca%5C%2Fprofiles%5C%2Fuw_base_profile%5C%2Fthemes%5C%2Fuw_fdsu_theme_resp%5C%2Ficon-192.png%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22image%5C%2Fpng%22%2C%22sizes%22%3A%22192x192%22%7D%2C%7B%22src%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fuwaterloo.ca%5C%2Fprofiles%5C%2Fuw_base_profile%5C%2Fthemes%5C%2Fuw_fdsu_theme_resp%5C%2Ficon-512.png%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22image%5C%2Fpng%22%2C%22sizes%22%3A%22512x512%22%7D%5D%7D" /> <title>Home | University of Waterloo</title> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin /> <link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Barlow+Condensed:wght@500;700&family=Barlow:wght@400;500;700&display=swap" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Barlow+Condensed:wght@500;700&family=Barlow:wght@400;500;700&display=swap" media="print" onload="this.media='all'" /> <noscript> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Barlow+Condensed:wght@500;700&family=Barlow:wght@400;500;700&display=swap" /> </noscript>  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-M9XLVF');</script>  <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_ZrdEoXhasoH6FGieDOZFx1ue_5hNzeJtrNN0XzuI62Y.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_rBGq5khqe9fByZy__ig99L2IK5BM6HX6rJhuSBFkLXY.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/OwlCarousel2/2.3.4/assets/owl.carousel.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/OwlCarousel2/2.3.4/assets/owl.theme.default.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_EAsArFN2_7N4N5Wc6V7FvaEm1piFXaVRTj0lsjiPDBs.css" /> </head> <body class="org-default not-layout-page path-frontpage front node-page node-page--node-type-uw-ct-web-page">  <noscript> <iframe aria-label="Google Tag Manager" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-M9XLVF" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript>  <div class="skiplinks"> <a href="#main" class="skiplinks__link visually-hidden focusable">Skip to main content</a> </div> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <div class="uw-site-container"> <header class="uw-header uw-header__menu--full org-default" role="banner"> <div class="uw-header__masthead" lang="en"> <div class="uw-site-logo"> <a class="uw-site-logo__link" href="https://uwaterloo.ca" title="University of Waterloo Home" aria-label="University of Waterloo Home" rel="home"></a> </div> <div class="uw-header-menu uw-header-menu__full"> <nav class="uw-horizontal-nav uw-horizontal-nav--header" aria-label="University of Waterloo navigation"> <div class="uw-horizontal-nav--wrapper"> <div class="uw-horizontal-nav--menu"> <ul class="menu menu--horizontal" > <li class="menu__item is-active-trail has-submenu" > <a class="menu__link is-active-trail menu__link-sub" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" > <span class="link-text"> Jump to </span> </a> <ul class="menu menu__subnav"> <li class="menu__item menu__item-parent"> <a href="#" class="menu__link-parent"> <span class="link-text"> Jump to </span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item" > <a class="menu__link" href="https://uwaterloo.ca/admissions/" > <span class="link-text"> Admissions </span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item" > <a class="menu__link" href="https://uwaterloo.ca/about/" > <span class="link-text"> About Waterloo </span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item" > <a class="menu__link" href="https://uwaterloo.ca/faculties-academics/" > <span class="link-text"> Faculties & Academics </span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item" > <a class="menu__link" href="https://uwaterloo.ca/offices-services/" > <span class="link-text"> Offices & Services </span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item" > <a class="menu__link" href="https://uwaterloo.ca/support/" > <span class="link-text"> Support Waterloo </span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div class="uw-header-search"> <form class="uw-search--form" role="search" data-drupal-selector="uw-search-form" action="/" method="post" id="uw-search-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"> <input class="uw-input uw-input--checkboxform form-checkbox" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-drupal-selector="edit-opentray" type="checkbox" id="edit-opentray" name="opentray" value="1" /> <label class="uw-search--checkboxlabel option" data-drupal-selector="edit-opentray" for="edit-opentray"><span class="uw-search--checkboxlabel__labeltext">Open Search Location </span></label><div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-textfield form-item-search-input js-form-item-search-input form-no-label"> <label for="uw-search" class="visually-hidden"><span class="uw-search--labeltext">Search for </span></label> <input class="uw-input uw-input--search form-text" data-drupal-selector="uw-search" data-msg-maxlength="<span class="uw-search--labeltext">Search for </span> field has a maximum length of 128." type="text" id="uw-search" name="search-input" value="" size="60" maxlength="128" placeholder="Search" /> </div> <div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-select form-item-search-type js-form-item-search-type form-no-label"> <label for="uw-select-site" class="visually-hidden">Search Location</label> <select class="form-item__select uw-select--search form-select" data-drupal-selector="uw-select-site" id="uw-select-site" name="search-type"><option value="" selected="selected">On all sites</option></select> </div> <input autocomplete="off" data-drupal-selector="form-74k6hgr-903oz84qw99bfze9jjjhooulcx7qm54knlg" type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-74k6HGR-903OZ84qw99BfZE9jJjHOouLCx7qM54knLg" /> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-uw-search-form" type="hidden" name="form_id" value="uw_search_form" /> <div data-drupal-selector="edit-actions" class="form-actions js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" id="edit-actions"><div class="uw-search-button__wrapper"><input value="Search" class="button button--submit button--submit__form js-form-submit form-submit" data-drupal-selector="uw-search-submit" type="submit" id="uw-search-submit" name="op" /> </div></div> </form> </div> </div>  <div class="uw-colour-bar"> <div class="uw-colour-bar__wrapper"> <div class="uw-colour-bar__cbars"> <div class="uw-colour-bar__cbar org-default-1"></div> <div class="uw-colour-bar__cbar org-default-2"></div> <div class="uw-colour-bar__cbar org-default-3"></div> <div class="uw-colour-bar__cbar org-default-4"></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="uw-highlighted"> <div class="uw-highlighted__content"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> </div>  <button class="uw-show-hide" id="revision-show-hide" title="Show/hide revision elements">±</button>  <main id="main" class="uw-main" role="main" tabindex="-1"> <div role="article" about="/home" class="node node--type-uw-ct-web-page node--view-mode-full uw-node"> <div class="uw-node__grid"> <article class="uw-node__node"> <div class="node__content"> <div class="uw-node__with-media uw-node__with-media--banner"> <article class="card card__node card__node--web-page"> <div class="card__media layout uw-full-width"> <article id="banner1-" class="card card__banner card__node--uw_ct_web_page"> <div class="card__body"> <div class="card__banner--image uw-text-overlay--left-light"> <a href="https://uwaterloo.ca/admissions/">  <div class="card__banner--media"> <picture class="uw-picture">  <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_media_x_large/public/uploads/images/expand2_231127-uw-6677.jpg?itok=ufwLHpO3 1x" media="all and (min-width: 63.19em)" type="image/jpeg" /> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_media_large/public/uploads/images/expand2_231127-uw-6677.jpg?itok=vcOFKEZi 1x" media="all and (min-width: 49.81em)" type="image/jpeg" /> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_media_medium/public/uploads/images/expand2_231127-uw-6677.jpg?itok=fHCWwGcZ 1x" media="all and (min-width: 30em)" type="image/jpeg" /> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_media_small/public/uploads/images/expand2_231127-uw-6677.jpg?itok=_-jQJn68 1x" media="all and (min-width: 25em)" type="image/jpeg" /> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_media_x_small/public/uploads/images/expand2_231127-uw-6677.jpg?itok=cXeQSvs5 1x" media="all and (min-width: 15em)" type="image/jpeg" /> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_portrait/public/uploads/images/expand2_231127-uw-6677.jpg?itok=kpeixL2J 1x" media="all and (min-width: 1em)" type="image/jpeg" />  <img class="uw-picture__fallback" src="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/uploads/images/expand2_231127-uw-6677.jpg?itok=Ujg1BKkt" alt="Student collecting sample from pond water"> </picture> </div> <div class="card__banner--caption uw_para_image_banner"> <div class="card__banner--text-align"> <h1 class="card__banner--title">Earn a degree that will make an impact in your community and the world</h1> <span class="card__banner--sub-title"> Discover Waterloo's programs → </span> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="card__header uw-node__with-media uw-node__with-media--banner"> </div> <div class="card__body"> <div class="card__content"> <section class="uw-contained-width uw-section-spacing--default uw-section-separator--none uw-section__background--org-default uw-column-separator--none layout layout--uw-1-col uw-section__background-color" > <div class="layout__region layout__region--first" > <div class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockuw-cbl-facts-and-figures"> <div id="uw-ff-656d4dde-5659-4eee-b65d-52f8c61d3228" class="uw-ff uw-ff__gold" data-carousel="no" data-num-per-carousel="0" data-id="656d4dde-5659-4eee-b65d-52f8c61d3228"> <div class="uw-ff--wrapper uw-ff--wrapper__text-center uw-ff--no-carousel org-default"> <div class="uw-ff--fact"> <span class="uw-ff--text uw-ff--text__big balance-text">#1</span> <span class="uw-ff--text uw-ff--text__medium balance-text">most innovative university in Canada for 30 of the last 32 years</span> <span class="uw-ff--text uw-ff--text__caption balance-text"> <p><span><span class="a ab ac ae af ag ah ai aj ak b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u ui-provider v w x y z" dir="ltr">Maclean's University Rankings 2024</span></span></p> </span> </div> <div class="uw-ff--fact"> <span class="uw-ff--text uw-ff--text__big balance-text">#1</span> <span class="uw-ff--text uw-ff--text__medium balance-text">school for entrepreneurs in Canada</span> <span class="uw-ff--text uw-ff--text__caption balance-text"> <p>Pitchbook University Rankings 2023</p> </span> </div> <div class="uw-ff--fact"> <span class="uw-ff--text uw-ff--text__big balance-text">#1</span> <span class="uw-ff--text uw-ff--text__medium balance-text">comprehensive research university in Canada</span> <span class="uw-ff--text uw-ff--text__caption balance-text"> <p>Research Infosource 2023</p> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="uw-text-align--center block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockuw-cbl-copy-text"> <div class="uw-copy-text"> <div class="uw-copy-text__wrapper "> <h3><a href="https://uwaterloo.ca/future-students/university-of-waterloo-ranking">Discover Waterloo by the numbers →</a></h3> </div> </div> </div> <div class="uw-text-align--left block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockuw-cbl-copy-text"> <div class="uw-copy-text"> <div class="uw-copy-text__wrapper "> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="uw-contained-width uw-section-spacing--default uw-section-separator--none uw-column-separator--none layout layout--uw-1-col" > <div > </div> </section> <section class="uw-contained-width uw-section-spacing--default uw-section-separator--none uw-column-separator--none layout layout--uw-1-col" > <div > </div> </section> <section class="uw-contained-width uw-section-spacing--default uw-section-separator--none uw-column-separator--none layout layout--uw-1-col" > <div class="layout__region layout__region--first" > <div class="uw-text-align--left block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockuw-cbl-copy-text"> <div class="uw-copy-text"> <div class="uw-copy-text__wrapper "> <h2>Latest news</h2> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="uwaterloo-news-hp" class="uw-full-width uw-section-spacing--none uw-section-separator--none uw-column-separator--none layout layout--uw-1-col" > <div class="layout__region layout__region--first" > <div class="block block-uw-custom-blocks block-uw-cbl-waterloo-news"> <div class="uw-waterloo-news uw-waterloo-news__featured-left"> <div class="uw-waterloo-news__featured"> <picture class="uw-picture">  <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_media_x_large/public/uploads/images/gew-banner-julia-baribeau.jpg?itok=D9lUAT9R 1x" media="all and (min-width: 63.19em)" type="image/jpeg" /> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_media_large/public/uploads/images/gew-banner-julia-baribeau.jpg?itok=rG21uaGB 1x" media="all and (min-width: 49.81em)" type="image/jpeg" /> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_media_medium/public/uploads/images/gew-banner-julia-baribeau.jpg?itok=qPGV5IpL 1x" media="all and (min-width: 30em)" type="image/jpeg" /> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_media_small/public/uploads/images/gew-banner-julia-baribeau.jpg?itok=a6ERE9zS 1x" media="all and (min-width: 25em)" type="image/jpeg" /> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_media_x_small/public/uploads/images/gew-banner-julia-baribeau.jpg?itok=uX488i4C 1x" media="all and (min-width: 15em)" type="image/jpeg" /> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_portrait/public/uploads/images/gew-banner-julia-baribeau.jpg?itok=mmaeQOUQ 1x" media="all and (min-width: 1em)" type="image/jpeg" />  <img class="uw-picture__fallback" src="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_media_x_large/public/uploads/images/gew-banner-julia-baribeau.jpg?itok=D9lUAT9R 1x" alt="Julia Baribeau holding a John Fischer Leadership Award in front of a greenery background"> </picture> <a href="https://uwaterloo.ca/news/classroom-global-community-julia-baribeaus-intrapreneurial"> <div class="uw-waterloo-news__featured--content"> <div class="uw-waterloo-news__featured--tag"> <ul class="tag-list "> <li class="tag-list__item org-eng"> <span class="tag tag--full ">Engineering</span> </li> </ul> </div> <h3 class="uw-waterloo-news__featured--headline"> From classroom to global community: Julia Baribeau’s intrapreneurial pathway to support community-led water resiliency </h3> <div class="uw-waterloo-news__featured--subhead"> <p>Engineering grad advocating water access and sustainability through community-led projects, global insights and engineering-driven social impact</p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="uw-waterloo-news__items"> <div class="uw-waterloo-news__item"> <a href="https://uwaterloo.ca/news/founder-spotlight-sukh-singh-his-journey-co-op-student"> <div class="uw-waterloo-news__item--content"> <div class="uw-waterloo-news__item--tag"> <ul class="tag-list "> <li class="tag-list__item org-eng"> <span class="tag tag--full ">Engineering</span> </li> </ul> </div> <h3 class="uw-waterloo-news__item--headline"> Founder spotlight: Sukh Singh on his journey from co-op student to entrepreneur </h3> <div class="uw-waterloo-news__item--subhead"> <p>Waterloo Engineering grad and co-founder of Ground News tackles media bias through comprehensive news comparison</p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="uw-waterloo-news__item"> <a href="https://uwaterloo.ca/news/founder-spotlight-kwaku-owusu-twum-wins-velocity-pitch"> <div class="uw-waterloo-news__item--content"> <div class="uw-waterloo-news__item--tag"> <ul class="tag-list "> <li class="tag-list__item org-eng"> <span class="tag tag--full ">Engineering</span> </li> </ul> </div> <h3 class="uw-waterloo-news__item--headline"> Founder spotlight: Kwaku Owusu Twum wins Velocity Pitch Competition in his first semester </h3> <div class="uw-waterloo-news__item--subhead"> <p>Environment student Kwaku Owusu Twum is making a global impact through Mapmate, sprouting advancements in agriculture from his roots in Ghana</p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="uw-waterloo-news__item"> <a href="https://uwaterloo.ca/news/science/new-data-desi-goldmine-observational-cosmology"> <div class="uw-waterloo-news__item--content"> <div class="uw-waterloo-news__item--tag"> <ul class="tag-list "> <li class="tag-list__item org-sci"> <span class="tag tag--full ">Science</span> </li> </ul> </div> <h3 class="uw-waterloo-news__item--headline"> New data from DESI is a goldmine for observational cosmology </h3> <div class="uw-waterloo-news__item--subhead"> <p>Scientists working with the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument lead data analysis further testing general relativity</p> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="uw-waterloo-news__button"> <a class="button " href="https://uwaterloo.ca/news" > View all Waterloo News </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="uw-contained-width uw-section-spacing--default uw-section-separator--none uw-column-separator--none layout layout--uw-1-col" > <div > </div> </section> <section class="uw-contained-width uw-section-spacing--default uw-section-separator--none uw-column-separator--none layout layout--uw-1-col" > <div > </div> </section> <section class="uw-contained-width uw-section-spacing--default uw-section-separator--none uw-column-separator--none uw-section-alignment--center-align-content uw-section__background--neutral layout layout--uw-2-col larger-right uw-section__background-color" > <div class="layout__region layout__region--first" > <div class="uw-text-align--left block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockuw-cbl-copy-text"> <h2 class="block-title">The Innovation Arena is now open</h2> <div class="uw-copy-text"> <div class="uw-copy-text__wrapper "> <p class="highlight">This dynamic new space connects entrepreneurs with specialized resources to advance health and innovation across sectors</p> <p><mark><a href="https://uwaterloo.ca/innovation-arena/">Learn how →</a></mark></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second" > <div class="uw-text-align--left block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockuw-cbl-copy-text"> <div class="uw-copy-text"> <div class="uw-copy-text__wrapper "> </div> </div> </div> <div class="uw-text-align--center block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockuw-cbl-copy-text"> <div class="uw-copy-text"> <div class="uw-copy-text__wrapper "> <a href="https://uwaterloo.ca/innovation-arena/"> <div class="uw-media media media--type-uw-mt-image media--view-mode-uw-vm-standard-image align-center"> <img src="/sites/default/files/uploads/images/innovation-arena-drone-_778.gif" width="778" height="438" alt="Timelapse of Innovation Arena" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image" /></div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="uw-text-align--left block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockuw-cbl-copy-text"> <div class="uw-copy-text"> <div class="uw-copy-text__wrapper "> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="uw-contained-width uw-section-spacing--default uw-section-separator--none uw-column-separator--none layout layout--uw-1-col" > <div > </div> </section> <section class="uw-contained-width uw-section-spacing--default uw-section-separator--none uw-column-separator--none layout layout--uw-1-col" > <div > </div> </section> <section class="uw-contained-width uw-section-spacing--default uw-section-separator--none uw-column-separator--none layout layout--uw-1-col" > <div class="layout__region layout__region--first" > <div class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockuw-cbl-banner-images"> <article id="banner1-3b634b37-5de2-44b6-a52d-a0f16cb0b533" class="card card__banner "> <div class="card__body"> <div class="card__banner--image uw-text-overlay--left-light"> <a href="https://uwaterloo.ca/magazine/">  <div class="card__banner--media"> <picture class="uw-picture">  <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_media_x_large/public/uploads/images/magazine-homepage-promo.jpg?itok=UNviz8lU 1x" media="all and (min-width: 63.19em)" type="image/jpeg" /> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_media_large/public/uploads/images/magazine-homepage-promo.jpg?itok=I-VlsP0n 1x" media="all and (min-width: 49.81em)" type="image/jpeg" /> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_media_medium/public/uploads/images/magazine-homepage-promo.jpg?itok=A3f6jDNJ 1x" media="all and (min-width: 30em)" type="image/jpeg" /> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_media_small/public/uploads/images/magazine-homepage-promo.jpg?itok=9hNAi3PI 1x" media="all and (min-width: 25em)" type="image/jpeg" /> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_media_x_small/public/uploads/images/magazine-homepage-promo.jpg?itok=E32ax1FQ 1x" media="all and (min-width: 15em)" type="image/jpeg" /> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/uw_is_portrait/public/uploads/images/magazine-homepage-promo.jpg?itok=0A1swg0J 1x" media="all and (min-width: 1em)" type="image/jpeg" />  <img class="uw-picture__fallback" src="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/uploads/images/magazine-homepage-promo.jpg?itok=F1LlhHRG" alt="Colourful illustrations from the Waterloo Magazine overlayed on a photo of campus"> </picture> </div> <div class="card__banner--caption uw_para_image_banner"> <div class="card__banner--text-align"> <span class="card__banner--title"> <strong> Waterloo Magazine 2024: Happiness </strong> </span> <span class="card__banner--sub-title"> Explore the people, policies, innovations and insights that are helping to create a world where happiness and well-being is possible for everyone. Read more → </span> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </section> <section class="uw-contained-width uw-section-spacing--default uw-section-separator--none uw-column-separator--none layout layout--uw-1-col" > <div > </div> </section> <section class="uw-contained-width uw-section-spacing--default uw-section-separator--none uw-column-separator--none layout layout--uw-1-col" > <div > </div> </section> <section class="uw-contained-width uw-section-spacing--default uw-section-separator--none uw-column-separator--none layout layout--uw-1-col" > <div class="layout__region layout__region--first" > <div class="uw-text-align--left block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockuw-cbl-copy-text"> <div class="uw-copy-text"> <div class="uw-copy-text__wrapper "> <h2>Upcoming events</h2> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="uw-contained-width uw-section-spacing--default uw-section-separator--none uw-column-separator--none layout layout--uw-1-col" > <div class="layout__region layout__region--first" > <div class="block block-uw-custom-blocks block-uw-cbl-waterloo-events"> <ul class="waterloo-events"> <li> <a class="waterloo-events__event" href="https://uwaterloo.ca/events/events/paint-unwind"> <span class="waterloo-events__event--date"> <span class ="waterloo-events__event--month"> Nov </span> <span class ="waterloo-events__event--day"> 27 </span> </span> <span class="waterloo-events__event--info"> <span class="waterloo-events__event--time tag tag--full tag--normal"> 6:00 pm </span> <h3 class="waterloo-events__event--title"> Paint & Unwind </h3> <div class="waterloo-events__event--summary"> <p><span>Join the Student Climate Council for Paint & Unwind Night—a relaxing evening designed to help you recharge before finals! 🖌 Create unique leaf art and paint tote bags 🤝 Connect with friends and peers in a cozy, supportive atmosphere 🌿 Take a well-deserved break to refocus and refresh No artistic experience is needed—just bring yourself and a friend!</span></p></div> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="waterloo-events__event" href="https://uwaterloo.ca/events/events/indigenous-speakers-series-presents-greg-staats"> <span class="waterloo-events__event--date"> <span class ="waterloo-events__event--month"> Nov </span> <span class ="waterloo-events__event--day"> 28 </span> </span> <span class="waterloo-events__event--info"> <span class="waterloo-events__event--time tag tag--full tag--normal"> 1:30 pm </span> <h3 class="waterloo-events__event--title"> Indigenous Speakers Series presents Greg Staats </h3> <div class="waterloo-events__event--summary"> <p>The Indigenous Speakers Series is honoured to present Greg Staats, winner of the 2024 Governor General’s Award for Visual and Media Arts (GGArts) and a 2024-25 Longhouse Labs Fellow here at the University of Waterloo. <span><span>At this event, Greg will discuss his evolving methodology based on phenomena, lens-based issues and a lifelong practice focused on Hodinosho:ni imagery and the responsibilities to land body and memory. </span></span></p></div> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="waterloo-events__event" href="https://uwaterloo.ca/events/events/make-difference-mad-holiday-market"> <span class="waterloo-events__event--date"> <span class ="waterloo-events__event--month"> Nov </span> <span class ="waterloo-events__event--day"> 30 </span> </span> <span class="waterloo-events__event--info"> <span class="waterloo-events__event--time tag tag--full tag--normal"> 10:00 am </span> <h3 class="waterloo-events__event--title"> Make a Difference (MAD) - Holiday Market </h3> <div class="waterloo-events__event--summary"> <p>Make a Difference (MAD) Holiday Market: Shop, Support, and Give Back!</p> <p>Join us on November 30th from 10:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. at Conrad Grebel University College for our "Holiday Make a Difference" event! This festive gathering brings together local vendors and artisans for a day of community, shopping, and giving back. Discover unique gifts and support small businesses while helping us make a positive impact this holiday season.</p></div> </span> </a> </li> </ul> <div class="uw-waterloo-events__button"> <a class="button " href="https://uwaterloo.ca/events" > View all Waterloo Events </a> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="uw-contained-width uw-section-spacing--default uw-section-separator--none uw-column-separator--none layout layout--uw-1-col" > <div > </div> </section> <section class="uw-contained-width uw-section-spacing--default uw-section-separator--none uw-column-separator--none layout layout--uw-1-col" > <div > </div> </section> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </main> <footer class="uw-footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="uw-site-footer__block"> <div id="block-uw-fdsu-theme-resp-uw-block-site-footer" class="block block-uw-ct-site-footer block-uw-block-site-footer"> </div> </div> <div class="uw-footer__wrapper" lang="en"> <div class="uw-footer__address"> <div class="uw-footer-address" about="//uwaterloo.ca/" typeof="v:VCard"> <div class="hidden"> <div property="v:fn">University of Waterloo</div> <div rel="v:org"> <div property="v:organisation-name">University of Waterloo</div> </div> <div rel="v:geo"> <div property="v:latitude">43.471468</div> <div property="v:longitude">-80.544205</div> </div> </div> <div class="uw-footer-address--show" rel="v:adr"> <a href="https://uwaterloo.ca/map/" class="uw-icon-link " > <div class="uw-icon"> <svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 32 32"> <title>Campus map</title> <g transform="translate(1.4065934065934016 1.4065934065934016) scale(2.81 2.81)"> <path d="M5.2,0.2C3,0.2,1.3,2,1.3,4.1c0,1,0.3,1.8,0.9,2.5l3,3.5l3-3.5C8.7,6,9.1,5.1,9.1,4.1C9.1,2,7.3,0.2,5.2,0.2z M5.2,5.6 C4.3,5.6,3.6,4.9,3.6,4s0.7-1.6,1.6-1.6S6.8,3.1,6.8,4S6.1,5.6,5.2,5.6z"/> </g> </svg> </div> <span class="off-screen" > Campus map </span> </a> <div class="uw-footer-address__street" property="v:street-address">200 University Avenue West</div> <div class="uw-footer-address__region"> <span property="v:locality">Waterloo</span>, <span property="v:region">ON</span>, <span property="v:country-name">Canada</span> <span property="v:postal-code">N2L 3G1</span> </div> <div class="uw-footer-phone" rel="v:tel"> <a href="tel:+1-519-888-4567" property="rdf:value">+1 519 888 4567</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="uw-footer__menu"> <ul class="menu menu--uw-footer" > <li class="menu__item" > <a class="menu__link" href="https://uwaterloo.ca/about/contact-us" > <span class="link-text"> Contact Waterloo </span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item" > <a class="menu__link" href="https://uwaterloo.ca/accessibility/" > <span class="link-text"> Accessibility </span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item" > <a class="menu__link" href="https://uwaterloo.ca/news/" > <span class="link-text"> News </span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item" > <a class="menu__link" href="https://uwaterloo.ca/about/maps-and-directions" > <span class="link-text"> Maps & directions </span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item" > <a class="menu__link" href="https://uwaterloo.ca/privacy/" > <span class="link-text"> Privacy </span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item" > <a class="menu__link" href="https://uwaterloo.ca/careers/" > <span class="link-text"> Careers </span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item" > <a class="menu__link" href="https://uwaterloo.ca/emergency-notifications/" > <span class="link-text"> Emergency notifications </span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item" > <a class="menu__link" href="https://uwaterloo.ca/copyright" > <span class="link-text"> Copyright </span> </a> </li> <li class="menu__item" > <a class="menu__link" href="https://uwaterloo.ca/about/contact-us/contact-form" > <span class="link-text"> Feedback </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="uw-footer__territorial"> <div class="uw-bg--"> <div class="uw-territorial"> <p>The University of Waterloo acknowledges that much of our work takes place on the traditional territory of the Neutral, Anishinaabeg, and Haudenosaunee peoples. Our main campus is situated on the Haldimand Tract, the land granted to the Six Nations that includes six miles on each side of the Grand River. Our active work toward reconciliation takes place across our campuses through research, learning, teaching, and community building, and is co-ordinated within the <a href="https://uwaterloo.ca/indigenous" >Office of Indigenous Relations</a>.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="uw-footer__social"> <div class="uw-social-media"> <ul class="social-media-list "> <li class="social-media-list-item"> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/uofwaterloo/" class="uw-icon-link icon--button icon--social" > <div class="uw-icon"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="40" height="30" viewBox="0 0 40 30"> <title>Instagram</title> <path d="M14.3,1.2c-1.5,0.1-2.5,0.3-3.4,0.7C10,2.2,9.2,2.7,8.5,3.5C7.7,4.3,7.3,5.1,6.9,6C6.6,6.9,6.3,7.9,6.3,9.4 c-0.1,1.5-0.1,2-0.1,5.7c0,3.8,0,4.2,0.1,5.7s0.3,2.5,0.6,3.4c0.4,0.9,0.8,1.7,1.6,2.4c0.8,0.8,1.5,1.2,2.5,1.6 c0.9,0.3,1.9,0.6,3.4,0.6c1.5,0.1,2,0.1,5.7,0.1c3.8,0,4.2,0,5.7-0.1s2.5-0.3,3.4-0.6c0.9-0.4,1.7-0.8,2.4-1.6 c0.8-0.8,1.2-1.5,1.6-2.5c0.3-0.9,0.6-1.9,0.6-3.4c0.1-1.5,0.1-2,0.1-5.7c0-3.8,0-4.2-0.1-5.7s-0.3-2.5-0.6-3.4 c-0.4-0.9-0.9-1.7-1.7-2.4C30.7,2.7,30,2.3,29,1.9c-0.9-0.3-1.9-0.6-3.4-0.6c-1.5-0.1-2-0.1-5.7-0.1C16.2,1.2,15.8,1.2,14.3,1.2 M14.5,26.3c-1.4-0.1-2.1-0.3-2.6-0.5c-0.6-0.3-1.1-0.5-1.6-1s-0.8-0.9-1-1.6c-0.2-0.5-0.4-1.2-0.5-2.6c-0.1-1.5-0.1-1.9-0.1-5.6 s0-4.1,0.1-5.6c0-1.3,0.3-2.1,0.5-2.6c0.3-0.6,0.5-1.1,1-1.6s0.9-0.8,1.6-1c0.5-0.2,1.2-0.4,2.6-0.5c1.5-0.1,1.9-0.1,5.6-0.1 s4.1,0,5.6,0.1c1.4,0.1,2.1,0.3,2.6,0.5c0.6,0.3,1.1,0.5,1.6,1s0.8,0.9,1,1.6c0.2,0.5,0.4,1.2,0.5,2.6c0.1,1.5,0.1,1.9,0.1,5.6 s0,4.1-0.1,5.6c-0.1,1.4-0.3,2.1-0.5,2.6c-0.3,0.6-0.5,1.1-1,1.6s-0.9,0.8-1.6,1c-0.5,0.2-1.2,0.4-2.6,0.5 c-1.5,0.1-1.9,0.1-5.6,0.1S15.9,26.4,14.5,26.3 M25.8,7.6c0,0.9,0.8,1.7,1.7,1.7s1.7-0.8,1.7-1.7s-0.8-1.7-1.7-1.7 C26.5,5.9,25.8,6.7,25.8,7.6 M12.9,15c0,3.9,3.2,7.1,7.1,7.1s7.1-3.2,7.1-7.1S23.9,7.9,20,7.9S12.9,11.1,12.9,15 M15.4,15 c0-2.5,2.1-4.6,4.6-4.6s4.6,2.1,4.6,4.6s-2.1,4.6-4.6,4.6S15.4,17.6,15.4,15"/> </svg> </div> <span class="off-screen" > Instagram </span> </a> </li> <li class="social-media-list-item"> <a href="https://twitter.com/UWaterloo" class="uw-icon-link icon--button icon--social" > <div class="uw-icon"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 32 32"> <title>X (formerly Twitter)</title> <path d="M18.4,14.6L26,5.8h-1.8l-6.6,7.6l-5.2-7.6H6.3l8,11.6l-8,9.2H8l7-8.1l5.5,8.1h6.1L18.4,14.6L18.4,14.6z M15.9,17.5l-0.8-1.1 L8.7,7.2h2.8l5.2,7.4l0.8,1.1l6.8,9.7h-2.8L15.9,17.5L15.9,17.5z"/> </svg> </div> <span class="off-screen" > X (formerly Twitter) </span> </a> </li> <li class="social-media-list-item"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/school/uwaterloo/" class="uw-icon-link icon--button icon--social" > <div class="uw-icon"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="40" height="30" viewBox="0 0 40 30"> <title>LinkedIn</title> <path d="M12,29V10.1H5.7v18.8H12V29z M8.9,7.5c2.2,0,3.5-1.4,3.5-3.3S11.1,1,8.9,1C6.8,1,5.4,2.4,5.4,4.3S6.7,7.5,8.9,7.5L8.9,7.5 L8.9,7.5z M15.5,29h6.3V18.4c0-0.5,0-1.1,0.2-1.5c0.4-1.1,1.4-2.3,3.2-2.3c2.3,0,3.2,1.8,3.2,4.3V29h6.3V18.2c0-5.8-3.1-8.5-7.2-8.5 c-3.4,0-4.8,1.9-5.7,3.2l0,0V10h-6.3C15.5,11.8,15.5,29,15.5,29L15.5,29L15.5,29z"/> </svg> </div> <span class="off-screen" > LinkedIn </span> </a> </li> <li class="social-media-list-item"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/university.waterloo" class="uw-icon-link icon--button icon--social" > <div class="uw-icon"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="40" height="30" viewBox="0 0 40 30"> <title>Facebook</title> <path d="M26.4,16l0.6-4.9h-4.9v-3c0-1.4,0.4-2.3,2.5-2.3h2.6V1.5c-0.5-0.1-2-0.2-3.8-0.2c-3.8,0-6.4,2.2-6.4,6.3v3.6h-4.3v4.9H17 v12.4h5.1V16H26.4L26.4,16z"/> </svg> </div> <span class="off-screen" > Facebook </span> </a> </li> <li class="social-media-list-item"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/uwaterloo" class="uw-icon-link icon--button icon--social" > <div class="uw-icon"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="40" height="30" viewBox="0 0 40 30"> <title>YouTube</title> <path d="M39.1,5.4c-0.4-1.7-1.8-3.1-3.5-3.5C32.5,1,20,1,20,1S7.5,1,4.4,1.8c-1.7,0.5-3,1.9-3.5,3.6C0.1,8.5,0.1,15,0.1,15 s0,6.5,0.8,9.6c0.4,1.7,1.8,3.1,3.5,3.5C7.5,29,20,29,20,29s12.5,0,15.6-0.8c1.7-0.4,3.1-1.8,3.5-3.5c0.8-3.1,0.8-9.6,0.8-9.6 S39.9,8.5,39.1,5.4z M15.9,20.9V9.1L26.4,15L15.9,20.9z"/> </svg> </div> <span class="off-screen" > YouTube </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="uw-footer__social-directory"> <a href="https://uwaterloo.ca/social-media/">@uwaterloo social directory</a> </div> </div> <div class="uw-footer__marketing"> <div class="uw-footer__marketing--svg"> <div class="uw-icon"> <svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32px" height="23.6px" viewBox="0 0 32 23.6"> <title>On It Check</title> <g transform="translate(0 15.477)"> <path d="M11.3-3.5L0-10.1V1.6l11.3,6.5L32-3.8l0-11.7L11.3-3.5z"/> </g> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="uw-footer__marketing--text"> <span> WHERE THERE’S <br> A CHALLENGE,<br>WATERLOO IS<br><span class="text_uw-gold">ON IT</span>. </span> <br> <a href="https://uwaterloo.ca/on-it"><i>Learn how   → </i></a> </div> </div> <div class="uw-footer__bottom"> ©2024 All rights reserved </div> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","scriptPath":null,"pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/1","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":true,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"clientside_validation_jquery":{"validate_all_ajax_forms":2,"force_validate_on_blur":false,"messages":{"required":"This field is required.","remote":"Please fix this field.","email":"Please enter a valid email address.","url":"Please enter a valid URL.","date":"Please enter a valid date.","dateISO":"Please enter a valid date (ISO).","number":"Please enter a valid number.","digits":"Please enter only digits.","equalTo":"Please enter the same value again.","maxlength":"Please enter no more than {0} characters.","minlength":"Please enter at least {0} characters.","rangelength":"Please enter a value between {0} and {1} characters long.","range":"Please enter a value between {0} and {1}.","max":"Please enter a value less than or equal to {0}.","min":"Please enter a value greater than or equal to {0}.","step":"Please enter a multiple of {0}."}},"eu_cookie_compliance":{"cookie_policy_version":"1.0.0","popup_enabled":true,"popup_agreed_enabled":false,"popup_hide_agreed":false,"popup_clicking_confirmation":true,"popup_scrolling_confirmation":false,"popup_html_info":"\u003Cdiv class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-banner eu-cookie-compliance-banner-info eu-cookie-compliance-banner--default\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022popup-content info eu-cookie-compliance-content\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv role=\u0022alertdialog\u0022\n aria-labelledby=\u0022cookieLabel\u0022\n aria-describedby=\u0022cookieDescription\u0022\n id=\u0022popup-text\u0022\n class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-message\u0022\u003E\n \u003Ch2 id=\u0022cookieLabel\u0022\u003EWe use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience\u003C\/h2\u003E\n \u003Cp id=\u0022cookieDescription\u0022\u003ESelect \u0026#039;Accept all\u0026#039; to agree and continue. You consent to our cookies if you continue to use this website.\u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-buttons\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022agree-button eu-cookie-compliance-default-button\u0022\u003EAccept all\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E","use_mobile_message":false,"mobile_popup_html_info":"\u003Cdiv class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-banner eu-cookie-compliance-banner-info eu-cookie-compliance-banner--default\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022popup-content info eu-cookie-compliance-content\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv role=\u0022alertdialog\u0022\n aria-labelledby=\u0022cookieLabel\u0022\n aria-describedby=\u0022cookieDescription\u0022\n id=\u0022popup-text\u0022\n class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-message\u0022\u003E\n \u003Ch2 id=\u0022cookieLabel\u0022\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\n \u003Cp id=\u0022cookieDescription\u0022\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-buttons\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022agree-button eu-cookie-compliance-default-button\u0022\u003EAccept all\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E","mobile_breakpoint":768,"popup_html_agreed":false,"popup_use_bare_css":true,"popup_height":"auto","popup_width":"100%","popup_delay":1000,"popup_link":"\/","popup_link_new_window":true,"popup_position":false,"fixed_top_position":true,"popup_language":"en","store_consent":false,"better_support_for_screen_readers":false,"cookie_name":"","reload_page":false,"domain":"","domain_all_sites":true,"popup_eu_only":false,"popup_eu_only_js":false,"cookie_lifetime":100,"cookie_session":0,"set_cookie_session_zero_on_disagree":0,"disagree_do_not_show_popup":false,"method":"default","automatic_cookies_removal":true,"allowed_cookies":"","withdraw_markup":"\u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-tab\u0022\u003EPrivacy settings\u003C\/button\u003E\n\u003Cdiv aria-labelledby=\u0022popup-text\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-banner\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022popup-content info eu-cookie-compliance-content\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-text\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-message\u0022 role=\u0022document\u0022\u003E\n \u003Ch2\u003EWe use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EYou have given your consent for us to set cookies.\u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-buttons\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-button \u0022\u003EWithdraw consent\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E","withdraw_enabled":false,"reload_options":0,"reload_routes_list":"","withdraw_button_on_info_popup":false,"cookie_categories":[],"cookie_categories_details":[],"enable_save_preferences_button":true,"cookie_value_disagreed":"0","cookie_value_agreed_show_thank_you":"1","cookie_value_agreed":"2","containing_element":"body","settings_tab_enabled":false,"olivero_primary_button_classes":"","olivero_secondary_button_classes":"","close_button_action":"close_banner","open_by_default":true,"modules_allow_popup":true,"hide_the_banner":false,"geoip_match":true},"ajaxTrustedUrl":{"form_action_p_pvdeGsVG5zNF_XLGPTvYSKCf43t8qZYSwcfZl2uzM":true},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"c7b1406d4aef9aedba241ab1bd3f795dd59a66dd36e67cd337fd2ca5f44527ce"}}</script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_nMDEJaNNBsugaSyPstYN2POAgaqs1Qqn_3TFt4KcxHU.js"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/OwlCarousel2/2.3.4/owl.carousel.min.js"></script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_UE8aZiUJz6BNBkYOXN5yXMj1ARngsjl6xLY3TWqCNxw.js"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.7/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS_HTML"></script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_2YaXSay7C8woVi1VfveleEVrYbngmHpQ6SaSya0OH_w.js"></script> <script src="/profiles/uw_base_profile/modules/contrib/eu_cookie_compliance/js/eu_cookie_compliance.min.js?v=9.5.11" defer></script> <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/jquery-validation@1.17.0/dist/jquery.validate.min.js"></script> <script src="/profiles/uw_base_profile/modules/contrib/clientside_validation/clientside_validation_jquery/js/cv.jquery.validate.js?sn92kk"></script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js__ABBtM3cdcn9AMfT6ivTk94ZrUw3-xEIHcZ_Dt_8Cjo.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"NRJS-00798bf011f7ec1aa7f","applicationID":"1098220428","transactionName":"ZgRaZUpWWhIDBURcWF9OeVJMXlsPTRZRUlJuAllSUFI=","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":16,"atts":"SkNZEwJMSRw=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Home | University of Waterloo