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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Historian of Manichaeism and Christianity in Central Asia and China</div> <p><b>Samuel N. C. Lieu</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_British_Academy" title="Fellow of the British Academy">FBA</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Historical_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Royal Historical Society">FRHistS</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Society_of_Antiquaries_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London">FSA</a></span></span> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Australian_Academy_of_the_Humanities" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities">FAHA</a></span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">劉南強</span>; full name: <b>Samuel Nan-Chiang Lieu</b>; born 4 March 1950) is a British historian of <a href="/wiki/Manichaeism" title="Manichaeism">Manichaeism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> in Central Asia and China. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_N._C._Lieu&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in Hong Kong and educated at <a href="/wiki/St._Paul%27s_College,_Hong_Kong" title="St. Paul's College, Hong Kong">St. Paul's College</a>, Lieu received a BA in Ancient and Medieval History from <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_College,_Cambridge" title="Emmanuel College, Cambridge">Emmanuel College, Cambridge</a> in 1969. He later attended the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a>, where he completed a DPhil in Ancient History in 1981, writing a comparative study on Manichaeism in the Later Roman Empire and Medieval China. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_N._C._Lieu&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1974-1976, Lieu worked as a Junior Research Fellow in <a href="/wiki/Wolfson_College,_Oxford" title="Wolfson College, Oxford">Wolfson College, Oxford</a>. He became a Lecturer in Ancient History at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick">University of Warwick</a> and was eventually promoted to full professor (1976-1996). In 1996, he became Professor of Ancient History at <a href="/wiki/Macquarie_University" title="Macquarie University">Macquarie University</a>, becoming a Distinguished Professor in 2010 and retiring in 2016 and becoming Emeritus Professor in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He has been elected a <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Asiatic_Society_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="Fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland">Fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society</a> (1981), Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Historical_Society" title="Royal Historical Society">Royal Historical Society</a> (1983), Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Antiquaries_of_London" title="Society of Antiquaries of London">Society of Antiquaries</a> (1989), Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Academy_of_the_Humanities" title="Australian Academy of the Humanities">Australian Academy of the Humanities</a> (1999), and <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_British_Academy" title="Fellow of the British Academy">Fellow of the British Academy</a> (2021).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A festschrift has been prepared in his honour, entitled <i>Byzantium to China: Religion, History and Culture on the Silk Roads: Studies in Honour of Samuel N.C. Lieu</i> (2022).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_N._C._Lieu&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He married <a href="/wiki/Judith_Lieu" title="Judith Lieu">Judith Lieu</a>, a British theologian and historian of early Christianity, in 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_N._C._Lieu&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monographs">Monographs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_N._C._Lieu&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Monographs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLieu1998" class="citation book cs1">Lieu, Samuel (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BfAeEAAAQBAJ"><i>Manichaeism in Central Asia and China</i></a>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-43983-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-43983-2"><bdi>978-90-04-43983-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manichaeism+in+Central+Asia+and+China&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-90-04-43983-2&rft.aulast=Lieu&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBfAeEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamuel+N.+C.+Lieu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLieu1994" class="citation book cs1">Lieu, Samuel N. C. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I-l5DwAAQBAJ"><i>Manichaeism in Mesopotamia and the Roman East</i></a>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-29581-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-29581-0"><bdi>978-90-04-29581-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manichaeism+in+Mesopotamia+and+the+Roman+East&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-90-04-29581-0&rft.aulast=Lieu&rft.aufirst=Samuel+N.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DI-l5DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamuel+N.+C.+Lieu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLieu1985" class="citation book cs1">Lieu, Samuel N. C. (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O_vnAAAAIAAJ"><i>Manichaeism in the Later Roman Empire and Medieval China: A Historical Survey</i></a>. Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-1088-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-1088-0"><bdi>978-0-7190-1088-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manichaeism+in+the+Later+Roman+Empire+and+Medieval+China%3A+A+Historical+Survey&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-1088-0&rft.aulast=Lieu&rft.aufirst=Samuel+N.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO_vnAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamuel+N.+C.+Lieu" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Edited_volumes">Edited volumes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_N._C._Lieu&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Edited volumes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Lieu, Samuel N. C.; Thompson Glen L., eds. (2020). <i>The Church of the East in Central Asia and China</i>. Brepols. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782503586649" title="Special:BookSources/9782503586649">9782503586649</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreatrexLieu2005" class="citation book cs1">Greatrex, Geoffrey; Lieu, Samuel N. C., eds. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0UGEAgAAQBAJ"><i>The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars AD 363-628</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-75645-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-75645-2"><bdi>978-1-134-75645-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Roman+Eastern+Frontier+and+the+Persian+Wars+AD+363-628&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-134-75645-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0UGEAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamuel+N.+C.+Lieu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLieuHunterMoranoPedersen2017" class="citation book cs1">Lieu, Samuel N. C.; Hunter, Erica C. D.; Morano, Enrico; Pedersen, Nils Arne, eds. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S6hVMQAACAAJ"><i>Manichaeism East and West</i></a>. Brepols Publishers n.v. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-503-57457-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-503-57457-8"><bdi>978-2-503-57457-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manichaeism+East+and+West&rft.pub=Brepols+Publishers+n.v.&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-2-503-57457-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS6hVMQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamuel+N.+C.+Lieu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLieuMontserrat1998" class="citation book cs1">Lieu, Samuel N. C.; Montserrat, Dominic, eds. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_ZOKAgAAQBAJ"><i>Constantine: History, Historiography and Legend</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-84185-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-84185-1"><bdi>978-1-134-84185-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constantine%3A+History%2C+Historiography+and+Legend&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-134-84185-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_ZOKAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamuel+N.+C.+Lieu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLieuMontserrat1996" class="citation book cs1">Lieu, Samuel N. C.; Montserrat, Dominic, eds. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XnTNWtBmhv8C"><i>From Constantine to Julian: Pagan and Byzantine Views: A Source History</i></a>. Psychology Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-09335-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-09335-4"><bdi>978-0-415-09335-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Constantine+to+Julian%3A+Pagan+and+Byzantine+Views%3A+A+Source+History&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-415-09335-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXnTNWtBmhv8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamuel+N.+C.+Lieu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDodgeonLieu1994" class="citation book cs1">Dodgeon, Michael H.; Lieu, Samuel N. C., eds. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3gGKAgAAQBAJ"><i>The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars AD 226-363: A Documentary History</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-96114-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-96114-6"><bdi>978-1-134-96114-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Roman+Eastern+Frontier+and+the+Persian+Wars+AD+226-363%3A+A+Documentary+History&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-1-134-96114-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3gGKAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamuel+N.+C.+Lieu" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_N._C._Lieu&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParryMikkelsen2022" class="citation book cs1">Parry, Ken; Mikkelsen, Gunner, eds. (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E-B9EAAAQBAJ&pg=PR11">"Foreword"</a>. <i>Byzantium to China: Religion, History and Culture on the Silk Roads: Studies in Honour of Samuel N.C. Lieu</i>. Brill. p. xi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-51798-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-51798-1"><bdi>978-90-04-51798-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Foreword&rft.btitle=Byzantium+to+China%3A+Religion%2C+History+and+Culture+on+the+Silk+Roads%3A+Studies+in+Honour+of+Samuel+N.C.+Lieu&rft.pages=xi&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-90-04-51798-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE-B9EAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPR11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamuel+N.+C.+Lieu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/fellows/professor-samuel-lieu-fba/">"Professor Samuel Lieu FBA"</a>. <i>The British Academy</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+British+Academy&rft.atitle=Professor+Samuel+Lieu+FBA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebritishacademy.ac.uk%2Ffellows%2Fprofessor-samuel-lieu-fba%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamuel+N.+C.+Lieu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.soas.ac.uk/staff/staff57795.php">"Professor Samuel Lieu"</a>. <i>SOAS University of London</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SOAS+University+of+London&rft.atitle=Professor+Samuel+Lieu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.soas.ac.uk%2Fstaff%2Fstaff57795.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamuel+N.+C.+Lieu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParryMikkelsen2022" class="citation book cs1">Parry, Ken; Mikkelsen, Gunner, eds. (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E-B9EAAAQBAJ&pg=PR11"><i>Byzantium to China: Religion, History and Culture on the Silk Roads: Studies in Honour of Samuel N.C. Lieu</i></a>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-51798-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-51798-1"><bdi>978-90-04-51798-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Byzantium+to+China%3A+Religion%2C+History+and+Culture+on+the+Silk+Roads%3A+Studies+in+Honour+of+Samuel+N.C.+Lieu&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-90-04-51798-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE-B9EAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPR11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamuel+N.+C.+Lieu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U245139">"Lieu, Prof. Judith Margaret"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Who%27s_Who_(UK)" title="Who's Who (UK)">Who's Who</a></i>. A & C Black. 2007. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fww%2F9780199540884.013.U245139">10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U245139</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lieu%2C+Prof.+Judith+Margaret&rft.btitle=Who%27s+Who&rft.pub=A+%26+C+Black&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fww%2F9780199540884.013.U245139&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukwhoswho.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2Foupww%2Fwhoswho%2FU245139&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamuel+N.+C.+Lieu" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukwhoswho.com/page/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000367535360">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/233001490">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJyWTVYqp3kc4kjMwKf6rq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/143759124">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n84145011">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12052544z">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12052544z">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Lieu, Samuel N. C."><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/BVEV010750">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35495813">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0026973&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1176471">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p072385839">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90554148">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=68362">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201769839">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810642919805606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/2441">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007264674605171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14752131">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00790413?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/974109">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/143759124">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028754557">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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