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<span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">G<sub>q</sub> alpha subunit</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 8 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-8" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">8 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7_Gq" title="وحدة فرعية ألفا Gq – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وحدة فرعية ألفا Gq" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gq_alfa_podjednotka" title="Gq alfa podjednotka – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gq alfa podjednotka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subunidad_Gq_alfa" title="Subunidad Gq alfa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Subunidad Gq alfa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AF_Gq_%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7" title="زیرواحد Gq آلفا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زیرواحد Gq آلفا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gq_(prot%C3%A9ine)" title="Gq (protéine) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gq (protéine)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gq%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E3%83%91%E3%82%AF%E8%B3%AA%CE%B1%E3%82%B5%E3%83%96%E3%83%A6%E3%83%8B%E3%83%83%E3%83%88" title="Gqタンパク質αサブユニット – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Gqタンパク質αサブユニット" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gq_alfa_podjedinica" title="Gq alfa podjedinica – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Gq alfa podjedinica" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gq_alfa_podjedinica" title="Gq alfa podjedinica – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gq alfa podjedinica" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q24726231#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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.navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><a href="/wiki/GNAQ" title="GNAQ">guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), q polypeptide</a></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a href="/wiki/GNAQ" title="GNAQ">GNAQ</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information#Gene" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI gene</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=2776&rn=1">2776</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/HUGO_Gene_Nomenclature_Committee" title="HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee">HGNC</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:4390">4390</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Online_Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man" title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man">OMIM</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/entry/600998">600998</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/RefSeq" title="RefSeq">RefSeq</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NM_002072">NM_002072</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Swiss-Prot" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss-Prot">UniProt</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P50148">P50148</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">Other data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Locus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome_9_(human)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromosome 9 (human)">Chr. 9</a> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/search/?index=geneMap&search=9q21">q21</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="background-color: #eee"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="float:none; clear:none; margin:0; border-width:0; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:left; width:100%"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">Search for</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;">Structures</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://swissmodel.expasy.org/repository/uniprot/P50148">Swiss-model</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;">Domains</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/protein/P50148">InterPro</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><a href="/wiki/GNA11" title="GNA11">guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha 11 (Gq class)</a></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a href="/wiki/GNA11" title="GNA11">GNA11</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information#Gene" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI gene</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=2767&rn=1">2767</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/HUGO_Gene_Nomenclature_Committee" title="HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee">HGNC</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:4379">4379</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Online_Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man" title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man">OMIM</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/entry/139313">139313</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/RefSeq" title="RefSeq">RefSeq</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NM_002067">NM_002067</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Swiss-Prot" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss-Prot">UniProt</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P29992">P29992</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">Other data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Locus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome_19_(human)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromosome 19 (human)">Chr. 19</a> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/search/?index=geneMap&search=19p13.3">p13.3</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="background-color: #eee"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="float:none; clear:none; margin:0; border-width:0; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:left; width:100%"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">Search for</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;">Structures</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://swissmodel.expasy.org/repository/uniprot/P29992">Swiss-model</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;">Domains</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/protein/P29992">InterPro</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha 14</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee">GNA14</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information#Gene" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI gene</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=9630&rn=1">9630</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/HUGO_Gene_Nomenclature_Committee" title="HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee">HGNC</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:4382">4382</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Online_Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man" title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man">OMIM</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/entry/604397">604397</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/RefSeq" title="RefSeq">RefSeq</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NM_004297">NM_004297</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Swiss-Prot" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss-Prot">UniProt</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O95837">O95837</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">Other data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Locus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome_9_(human)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromosome 9 (human)">Chr. 9</a> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/search/?index=geneMap&search=9q21">q21</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="background-color: #eee"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="float:none; clear:none; margin:0; border-width:0; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:left; width:100%"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">Search for</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;">Structures</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://swissmodel.expasy.org/repository/uniprot/O95837">Swiss-model</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;">Domains</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/protein/O95837">InterPro</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha 15 (Gq class)</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee">GNA15</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information#Gene" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI gene</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=2769&rn=1">2769</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/HUGO_Gene_Nomenclature_Committee" title="HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee">HGNC</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:4383">4383</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Online_Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man" title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man">OMIM</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/entry/139314">139314</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/RefSeq" title="RefSeq">RefSeq</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NM_002068">NM_002068</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Swiss-Prot" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss-Prot">UniProt</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P30679">P30679</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">Other data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Locus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome_19_(human)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromosome 19 (human)">Chr. 19</a> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/search/?index=geneMap&search=19p13.3">p13.3</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="background-color: #eee"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="float:none; clear:none; margin:0; border-width:0; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:left; width:100%"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">Search for</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;">Structures</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://swissmodel.expasy.org/repository/uniprot/P30679">Swiss-model</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;">Domains</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/protein/P30679">InterPro</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>G<sub>q</sub> protein alpha subunit</b> is a family of <a href="/wiki/Heterotrimeric_G_protein" title="Heterotrimeric G protein">heterotrimeric G protein</a> <a href="/wiki/G_alpha_subunit" title="G alpha subunit">alpha subunits</a>. This family is also commonly called the <b>G<sub>q/11</sub></b> (<b>G<sub>q</sub>/G<sub>11</sub></b>) family or <b>G<sub>q/11/14/15</sub></b> family to include closely related family members. G alpha subunits may be referred to as G<sub>q</sub> alpha, G<sub>αq</sub>, or G<sub>q</sub>α. G<sub>q</sub> proteins couple to <a href="/wiki/G_protein-coupled_receptor" title="G protein-coupled receptor">G protein-coupled receptors</a> to activate beta-type <a href="/wiki/Phospholipase_C" title="Phospholipase C">phospholipase C</a> (PLC-β) enzymes. PLC-β in turn hydrolyzes <a href="/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol_4,5-bisphosphate" title="Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate">phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate</a> (PIP<sub>2</sub>) to <a href="/wiki/Diacyl_glycerol" class="mw-redirect" title="Diacyl glycerol">diacyl glycerol</a> (DAG) and <a href="/wiki/Inositol_trisphosphate" title="Inositol trisphosphate">inositol trisphosphate</a> (IP<sub>3</sub>). IP<sub>3</sub> acts as a <a href="/wiki/Second_messenger" class="mw-redirect" title="Second messenger">second messenger</a> to release stored calcium into the cytoplasm, while DAG acts as a second messenger that activates <a href="/wiki/Protein_kinase_C" title="Protein kinase C">protein kinase C</a> (PKC). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_members">Family members</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gq_alpha_subunit&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Family members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In humans, there are four distinct proteins in the G<sub>q</sub> alpha subunit family: </p> <ul><li>G<sub>αq</sub> is encoded by the gene <a href="/wiki/GNAQ" title="GNAQ">GNAQ</a>.</li> <li>G<sub>α11</sub> is encoded by the gene <a href="/wiki/GNA11" title="GNA11">GNA11</a>.</li> <li>G<sub>α14</sub> is encoded by the gene <a href="/wiki/GNA14" title="GNA14">GNA14</a>.</li> <li>G<sub>α15</sub> is encoded by the gene <a href="/wiki/GNA15" title="GNA15">GNA15</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gq_alpha_subunit&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Heterotrimeric_G_protein" title="Heterotrimeric G protein">Heterotrimeric G protein</a></div> <p>The general function of G<sub>q</sub> is to activate <a href="/wiki/Signal_transduction" title="Signal transduction">intracellular signaling pathways</a> in response to activation of cell surface <a href="/wiki/G_protein-coupled_receptor" title="G protein-coupled receptor"> G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)</a>. GPCRs function as part of a three-component system of receptor-transducer-effector.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid3113327_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid3113327-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid7579038_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid7579038-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The transducer in this system is a <a href="/wiki/Heterotrimeric_G_protein" title="Heterotrimeric G protein">heterotrimeric G protein</a>, composed of three subunits: a Gα protein such as G<sub>αq</sub>, and a complex of two tightly linked proteins called Gβ and Gγ in a <a href="/wiki/G_beta-gamma_complex" title="G beta-gamma complex">Gβγ complex</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid3113327_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid3113327-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid7579038_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid7579038-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When not stimulated by a receptor, Gα is bound to <a href="/wiki/Guanosine_diphosphate" title="Guanosine diphosphate">guanosine diphosphate (GDP)</a> and to Gβγ to form the inactive G protein trimer.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid3113327_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid3113327-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid7579038_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid7579038-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the receptor binds an activating ligand outside the cell (such as a <a href="/wiki/Hormone" title="Hormone">hormone</a> or <a href="/wiki/Neurotransmitter" title="Neurotransmitter">neurotransmitter</a>), the activated receptor acts as a <a href="/wiki/Guanine_nucleotide_exchange_factor" title="Guanine nucleotide exchange factor">guanine nucleotide exchange factor</a> to promote GDP release from and <a href="/wiki/Guanosine_triphosphate" title="Guanosine triphosphate">guanosine triphosphate (GTP)</a> binding to Gα, which drives dissociation of GTP-bound Gα from Gβγ.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid3113327_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid3113327-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid7579038_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid7579038-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recent evidence suggests that Gβγ and Gαq-GTP could maintain partial interaction via the N-α-helix region of Gαq.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> GTP-bound Gα and Gβγ are then freed to activate their respective downstream signaling enzymes. </p><p>G<sub>q/11/14/15</sub> proteins all activate beta-type <a href="/wiki/Phosphoinositide_phospholipase_C" title="Phosphoinositide phospholipase C">phospholipase C</a> (PLC-β) to signal through calcium and PKC signaling pathways.<sup id="cite_ref-alberts_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alberts-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PLC-β then cleaves a specific <a href="/wiki/Plasma_membrane" class="mw-redirect" title="Plasma membrane">plasma membrane</a> <a href="/wiki/Phospholipid" title="Phospholipid">phospholipid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol_4,5-bisphosphate" title="Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate">phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate</a> (PIP<sub>2</sub>) into <a href="/wiki/Diacyl_glycerol" class="mw-redirect" title="Diacyl glycerol">diacyl glycerol</a> (DAG) and <a href="/wiki/Inositol_1,4,5-trisphosphate" class="mw-redirect" title="Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate">inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate</a> (IP<sub>3</sub>). DAG remains bound to the membrane, and IP<sub>3</sub> is released as a soluble molecule into the <a href="/wiki/Cytoplasm" title="Cytoplasm">cytoplasm</a>. IP<sub>3</sub> diffuses to bind to <a href="/wiki/Inositol_trisphosphate_receptor" title="Inositol trisphosphate receptor">IP<sub>3</sub> receptors</a>, a specialized <a href="/wiki/Calcium_channel" title="Calcium channel">calcium channel</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Endoplasmic_reticulum" title="Endoplasmic reticulum">endoplasmic reticulum</a> (ER). These channels are specific to <a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">calcium</a> and only allow the passage of calcium from the ER into the cytoplasm. Since cells actively sequester calcium in the ER to keep cytoplasmic levels low, this release causes the cytosolic concentration of calcium to increase, causing a cascade of intracellular changes and activity through calcium binding proteins and calcium-sensitive processes.<sup id="cite_ref-alberts_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alberts-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><i>Further reading: <a href="/wiki/Calcium_function_in_vertebrates" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcium function in vertebrates">Calcium function in vertebrates</a></i></dd></dl> <p>DAG works together with released calcium to activate specific isoforms of PKC, which are activated to phosphorylate other molecules, leading to further altered cellular activity.<sup id="cite_ref-alberts_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alberts-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><i>Further reading: <a href="/wiki/Function_of_protein_kinase_C" class="mw-redirect" title="Function of protein kinase C">function of protein kinase C</a></i></dd></dl> <p>The Gαq / Gα11 (Q209L) mutation is associated with the development of uveal melanoma and its pharmacological inhibition (cyclic depsipeptide FR900359 inhibitor), decreases tumor growth in preclinical trials.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Receptors">Receptors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gq_alpha_subunit&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Receptors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following <a href="/wiki/G_protein-coupled_receptors" class="mw-redirect" title="G protein-coupled receptors">G protein-coupled receptors</a> couple to G<sub>q</sub> subunits: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5-HT2" class="mw-redirect" title="5-HT2">5-HT<sub>2</sub></a> <a href="/wiki/5-HT_receptor" title="5-HT receptor">serotonergic receptors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-1_adrenergic_receptor" title="Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor">Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor</a></li> <li>Vasopressin type 1 receptors: <a href="/wiki/Arginine_vasopressin_receptor_1A" class="mw-redirect" title="Arginine vasopressin receptor 1A">1A</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arginine_vasopressin_receptor_1B" class="mw-redirect" title="Arginine vasopressin receptor 1B">1B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angiotensin_II_receptor_type_1" title="Angiotensin II receptor type 1">Angiotensin II receptor type 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcitonin_receptor" title="Calcitonin receptor">Calcitonin receptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glutamate" class="mw-redirect" title="Glutamate">Glutamate</a> <a href="/wiki/Metabotropic_glutamate_receptor_1" title="Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1">mGluR1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Metabotropic_glutamate_receptor_5" title="Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5">mGluR5</a> receptors</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonadotropin-releasing_hormone_receptor" title="Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor">Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histamine_H1_receptor" title="Histamine H1 receptor">Histamine H1 receptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscarinic_acetylcholine_receptor_M1" title="Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1">M<sub>1</sub></a>, <a href="/wiki/Muscarinic_acetylcholine_receptor_M3" title="Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3">M<sub>3</sub></a>, and <a href="/wiki/Muscarinic_acetylcholine_receptor_M5" title="Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5">M<sub>5</sub></a> <a href="/wiki/Muscarinic_receptors" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscarinic receptors">muscarinic receptors</a><sup id="cite_ref-Kou_Qin_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kou_Qin-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyrotropin-releasing_hormone_receptor" title="Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor">Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trace_amine-associated_receptor_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Trace amine-associated receptor 1">Trace amine-associated receptor 1</a></li></ul> <p>At least some Gq-coupled receptors (e.g., the muscarinic acetylcholine M<sub>3</sub> receptor) can be found preassembled (pre-coupled) with G<sub>q</sub>. The common polybasic domain in the C-tail of G<sub>q</sub>-coupled receptors appears necessary for this receptor¬G protein preassembly.<sup id="cite_ref-Kou_Qin_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kou_Qin-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inhibitors">Inhibitors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gq_alpha_subunit&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Inhibitors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The cyclic depsipeptides FR900359 and <a href="/wiki/YM-254890" title="YM-254890">YM-254890</a> are strong, highly specific inhibitors of Gq and G11.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid33860209_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid33860209-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid33998635_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid33998635-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gq_alpha_subunit&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_messenger_system" title="Second messenger system">Second messenger system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G_protein-coupled_receptor" title="G protein-coupled receptor">G protein-coupled receptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterotrimeric_G_protein" title="Heterotrimeric G protein">Heterotrimeric G protein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phospholipase_C" title="Phospholipase C">Phospholipase C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcium_signaling" title="Calcium signaling">Calcium signaling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein_kinase_C" title="Protein kinase C">Protein kinase C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gs_alpha_subunit" title="Gs alpha subunit">Gs alpha subunit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gi_alpha_subunit" title="Gi alpha subunit">Gi alpha subunit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G12/G13_alpha_subunits" title="G12/G13 alpha subunits">G12/G13 alpha subunits</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gq_alpha_subunit&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1519115">1519115</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7579038">7579038</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:11025853">11025853</a>.</cite><span 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href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30446620">30446620</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J+Biol+Chem&rft.atitle=G%CE%B2%CE%B3+Signaling+to+the+Chemotactic+Effector+P-REX1+and+Mammalian+Cell+Migration+Is+Directly+Regulated+by+G%CE%B1qand+G%CE%B113+Proteins&rft.volume=294&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=531-546&rft.date=2019-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6333895%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30446620&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1074%2Fjbc.RA118.006254&rft.aulast=Cervantes-Villagrana&rft.aufirst=RD&rft.au=Adame-Garc%C3%ADa%2C+SR&rft.au=Garc%C3%ADa-Jim%C3%A9nez%2C+I&rft.au=Color-Aparicio%2C+VM&rft.au=Beltr%C3%A1n-Navarro%2C+YM&rft.au=K%C3%B6nig%2C+GM&rft.au=Kostenis%2C+E&rft.au=Reyes-Cruz%2C+G&rft.au=Gutkind%2C+JS&rft.au=V%C3%A1zquez-Prado%2C+J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jbc.org%2Fcontent%2F294%2F2%2F531&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGq+alpha+subunit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-alberts-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-alberts_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alberts_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alberts_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlbertsLewisRaffRoberts2002" class="citation book cs1">Alberts B, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P (2002). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/molecularbiolog000wils"><i>Molecular biology of the cell</i></a></span> (4th ed.). 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class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kou_Qin-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kou_Qin_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kou_Qin_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQinDongWuLambert2011" class="citation journal cs1">Qin K, Dong C, Wu G, Lambert NA (August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3177959">"Inactive-state preassembly of Gq-coupled receptors and Gq heterotrimers"</a>. <i>Nature Chemical Biology</i>. <b>7</b> (11): 740–747. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnchembio.642">10.1038/nchembio.642</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span 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text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33860209">33860209</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ACS+Pharmacology+%26+Translational+Science&rft.atitle=Macrocyclic+Gq+Protein+Inhibitors+FR900359+and%2For+YM-254890+-+Fit+for+Translation%3F&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=888-897&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8033771%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33860209&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Facsptsci.1c00021&rft.aulast=Schlegel&rft.aufirst=JG&rft.au=Tahoun%2C+M&rft.au=Seidinger%2C+A&rft.au=Voss%2C+JH&rft.au=Kuschak%2C+M&rft.au=Kehraus%2C+S&rft.au=Schneider%2C+M&rft.au=Matthey%2C+M&rft.au=Fleischmann%2C+BK&rft.au=K%C3%B6nig%2C+GM&rft.au=Wenzel%2C+D&rft.au=M%C3%BCller%2C+CE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8033771&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGq+alpha+subunit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid33998635-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid33998635_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHermesKönigCrüsemann2021" class="citation journal cs1">Hermes C, König GM, Crüsemann M (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2021/NP/D1NP00005E">"The chromodepsins - chemistry, biology and biosynthesis of a selective Gq inhibitor natural product family"</a>. <i>Natural Product Reports</i>. <b>38</b> (12): 2276–2292. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1039%2Fd1np00005e">10.1039/d1np00005e</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33998635">33998635</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:234748014">234748014</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Product+Reports&rft.atitle=The+chromodepsins+-+chemistry%2C+biology+and+biosynthesis+of+a+selective+Gq+inhibitor+natural+product+family&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=2276-2292&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A234748014%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33998635&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1039%2Fd1np00005e&rft.aulast=Hermes&rft.aufirst=C&rft.au=K%C3%B6nig%2C+GM&rft.au=Cr%C3%BCsemann%2C+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.rsc.org%2Fen%2Fcontent%2Farticlelanding%2F2021%2FNP%2FD1NP00005E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGq+alpha+subunit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gq_alpha_subunit&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?name=Gq+protein">Gq+protein</a> at the U.S. National Library of Medicine <a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">Medical Subject Headings</a> (MeSH)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>Eicosanoids</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Classic:</i> <a href="/wiki/Eoxin" title="Eoxin">Eoxins</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leukotriene" title="Leukotriene">Leukotrienes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Leukotriene_receptor" title="Leukotriene receptor">LTR</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostacyclin" title="Prostacyclin">Prostacyclin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prostacyclin_receptor" title="Prostacyclin receptor">IPR</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin" title="Prostaglandin">Prostaglandins</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_receptor" title="Prostaglandin receptor">PGR</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thromboxane" title="Thromboxane">Thromboxane</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thromboxane_receptor" title="Thromboxane receptor">TXR</a>)</li> <li><i>Nonclassic:</i> <a href="/wiki/Epoxyeicosatrienoic_acid" title="Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid">EETs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endocannabinoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Endocannabinoid">Endocannabinoids</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cannabinoid_receptor" title="Cannabinoid receptor">CBR</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epi-lipoxin" title="Epi-lipoxin">Epi-lipoxins</a> (<a href="/wiki/Formyl_peptide_receptor_2" title="Formyl peptide receptor 2">FPR2</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepoxilin" title="Hepoxilin">Hepoxilins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isoprostane" title="Isoprostane">Isoprostanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipoxin" title="Lipoxin">Lipoxins</a> (<a href="/wiki/Formyl_peptide_receptor_2" title="Formyl peptide receptor 2">FPR2</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxoeicosanoid" title="Oxoeicosanoid">Oxoeicosanoids</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oxoeicosanoid_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxoeicosanoid receptor">OXER</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resolvin" title="Resolvin">Resolvins</a> (<a href="/wiki/Formyl_peptide_receptor_2" title="Formyl peptide receptor 2">FPR2</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>Lysophospholipids</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lysophosphatidic_acid" title="Lysophosphatidic acid">LPA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lysophosphatidic_acid_receptor" title="Lysophosphatidic acid receptor">LPAR</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphingosine-1-phosphate" title="Sphingosine-1-phosphate">S1P</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sphingosine-1-phosphate_receptor" title="Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor">S1PR</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>Steroids</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bile_acid" title="Bile acid">Bile acids</a> (<a href="/wiki/G_protein-coupled_bile_acid_receptor" title="G protein-coupled bile acid receptor">GPBAR</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurosteroid" title="Neurosteroid">Neurosteroids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pheromone" title="Pheromone">Pheromones</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vomeronasal_receptor" title="Vomeronasal receptor">VNR</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>Others</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Platelet-activating_factor" title="Platelet-activating factor">PAF</a> (<a href="/wiki/Platelet-activating_factor_receptor" title="Platelet-activating factor receptor">PAFR</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retinal" title="Retinal">Retinal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rhodopsin" title="Rhodopsin">RHO</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Intracellular</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_receptor" title="Nuclear receptor">Nuclear receptor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Steroids:</i> <i>Sex steroids:</i> <a href="/wiki/Androgen" title="Androgen">Androgens</a> (<a href="/wiki/Androgen_receptor" title="Androgen receptor">AR</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrogen" title="Estrogen">Estrogens</a> (<a href="/wiki/Estrogen_receptor" title="Estrogen receptor">ER</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progestogen" title="Progestogen">Progestogens</a> (<a href="/wiki/Progesterone_receptor" title="Progesterone receptor">PR</a>); <i>Corticosteroids:</i> <a href="/wiki/Glucocorticoid" title="Glucocorticoid">Glucocorticoids</a> (<a href="/wiki/Glucocorticoid_receptor" title="Glucocorticoid receptor">GR</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineralocorticoid" title="Mineralocorticoid">Mineralocorticoids</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mineralocorticoid_receptor" title="Mineralocorticoid receptor">MR</a>); <i>Others:</i> <a href="/wiki/Bile_acid" title="Bile acid">Bile acids</a> (<a href="/wiki/Farnesoid_X_receptor" title="Farnesoid X receptor">FXR</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcitriol" title="Calcitriol">Calcitriol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vitamin_D_receptor" title="Vitamin D receptor">VDR</a>); <i>Others:</i> <a href="/wiki/Eicosanoid" title="Eicosanoid">Eicosanoids</a> (<a href="/wiki/Peroxisome_proliferator-activated_receptor" title="Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor">PPAR</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_fatty_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Free fatty acid">Free fatty acids</a> (<a href="/wiki/Peroxisome_proliferator-activated_receptor" title="Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor">PPAR</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retinoic_acid" title="Retinoic acid">Retinoic acid</a> (<a href="/wiki/Retinoic_acid_receptor" title="Retinoic acid receptor">RAR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Retinoid_X_receptor" title="Retinoid X receptor">RXR</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Second_messenger_system" title="Second messenger system">Second messenger</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>General:</i> <a href="/wiki/Arachidonic_acid" title="Arachidonic acid">Arachidonic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diacylglycerol" class="mw-redirect" title="Diacylglycerol">DAG</a> (<a href="/wiki/Protein_kinase_C" title="Protein kinase C">PKC</a>, <a href="/wiki/TRPC" title="TRPC">TRPC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inositol_trisphosphate" title="Inositol trisphosphate">IP<sub>3</sub></a> (<a href="/wiki/Inositol_trisphosphate_receptor" title="Inositol trisphosphate receptor">IP<sub>3</sub>R</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ryanodine_receptor" title="Ryanodine receptor">RyR</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphatidic_acid" title="Phosphatidic acid">Phosphatidic acid</a></li> <li><i>Phosphoinositides:</i> <a href="/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol_4,5-bisphosphate" title="Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate">PIP<sub>2</sub></a> (<a href="/wiki/Inward-rectifier_potassium_ion_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Inward-rectifier potassium ion channel">IRKs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol_(3,4,5)-trisphosphate" title="Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate">PIP<sub>3</sub></a> (<a href="/wiki/Protein_kinase_B" title="Protein kinase B">PKB/Akt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bruton%27s_tyrosine_kinase" title="Bruton's tyrosine kinase">Btk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phosphoinositide-dependent_kinase-1" title="Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1">PDPK1</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol_3,4-bisphosphate" title="Phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate">PtdIns(3,4)P<sub>2</sub></a> (<a href="/wiki/Protein_kinase_B" title="Protein kinase B">PKB/Akt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phosphoinositide-dependent_kinase-1" title="Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1">PDPK1</a>); <i>Sphingolipids:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceramide-1-phosphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ceramide-1-phosphate (page does not exist)">C1P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceramide" title="Ceramide">Ceramide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ceramide-activated_protein_phosphatase" title="Ceramide-activated protein phosphatase">CAPPs</a>, <a href="/wiki/KSR1" title="KSR1">KSR1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protein_kinase_C_zeta_type" title="Protein kinase C zeta type">PKCζ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cathepsin_D" title="Cathepsin D">CTSD</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glucosylceramide" class="mw-redirect" title="Glucosylceramide">Glucosylceramides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphingosine-1-phosphate" title="Sphingosine-1-phosphate">S1P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphingosine" title="Sphingosine">Sphingosine</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphingosine-dependent_protein_kinase_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sphingosine-dependent protein kinase 1 (page does not exist)">SDK1</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Protein_kinase_H&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protein kinase H (page does not exist)">PKH</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yeast_protein_kinase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yeast protein kinase (page does not exist)">YPK</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Precursors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>General</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fatty_acid" title="Fatty acid">Fatty acids</a> (<a href="/wiki/Omega-3_fatty_acid" title="Omega-3 fatty acid">ω-3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Omega-6_fatty_acid" title="Omega-6 fatty acid">ω-6</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>Steroids</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Squalene" title="Squalene">Squalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanosterol" title="Lanosterol">Lanosterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholesterol" title="Cholesterol">Cholesterol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hydrolases:_acid_anhydride_hydrolases_(EC_3.6)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Acid_anhydride_hydrolases" title="Template:Acid anhydride hydrolases"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Acid_anhydride_hydrolases" title="Template talk:Acid anhydride hydrolases"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Acid_anhydride_hydrolases" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Acid anhydride hydrolases"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hydrolases:_acid_anhydride_hydrolases_(EC_3.6)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hydrolase" title="Hydrolase">Hydrolases</a>: <a href="/wiki/Acid_anhydride_hydrolases" title="Acid anhydride hydrolases">acid anhydride hydrolases</a> (<a href="/wiki/Enzyme_Commission_number" title="Enzyme Commission number">EC</a> 3.6)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_3)#3.6.1" title="List of EC numbers (EC 3)">3.6.1</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pyrophosphatase" title="Pyrophosphatase">Pyrophosphatase</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inorganic_pyrophosphatase" title="Inorganic pyrophosphatase">Inorganic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiamine_pyrophosphatase" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiamine pyrophosphatase">Thiamine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apyrase" title="Apyrase">Apyrase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiamine-triphosphatase" title="Thiamine-triphosphatase">Thiamine-triphosphatase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_3)#3.6.2" title="List of EC numbers (EC 3)">3.6.2</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adenylylsulfatase" title="Adenylylsulfatase">Adenylylsulfatase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphoadenylylsulfatase" title="Phosphoadenylylsulfatase">Phosphoadenylylsulfatase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_3)#3.6.3" title="List of EC numbers (EC 3)">3.6.3</a>-<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_3)#3.6.4" title="List of EC numbers (EC 3)">4</a>: <a href="/wiki/ATPase" title="ATPase">ATPase</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3.6.3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cu++ (3.6.3.4)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATP7A" title="ATP7A">Menkes/ATP7A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_disease_protein" title="Wilson disease protein">Wilson/ATP7B</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calcium_ATPase" title="Calcium ATPase">Ca+</a> (3.6.3.8)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SERCA" title="SERCA">SERCA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATP2A1" title="ATP2A1">ATP2A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATP2A2" title="ATP2A2">ATP2A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATP2A3" title="ATP2A3">ATP2A3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasma_membrane_Ca2%2B_ATPase" title="Plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase">Plasma membrane</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATP2B1" title="ATP2B1">ATP2B1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATP2B2" title="ATP2B2">ATP2B2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATP2B3" title="ATP2B3">ATP2B3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATP2B4" title="ATP2B4">ATP2B4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretory_Pathway_Ca%C2%B2%E2%81%BA_ATPase" title="Secretory Pathway Ca²⁺ ATPase">SPCA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATP2C1" title="ATP2C1">ATP2C1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATP2C2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ATP2C2 (page does not exist)">ATP2C2</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Na%2B/K%2B-ATPase" class="mw-redirect" title="Na+/K+-ATPase">Na+/K+</a> (3.6.3.9)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATPase,_Na%2B/K%2B_transporting,_alpha_1" title="ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, alpha 1">ATP1A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATP1A2" title="ATP1A2">ATP1A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATP1A3" title="ATP1A3">ATP1A3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATP1A4" title="ATP1A4">ATP1A4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATP1B1" title="ATP1B1">ATP1B1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATP1B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ATP1B2 (page does not exist)">ATP1B2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATP1B3" title="ATP1B3">ATP1B3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATP1B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ATP1B4 (page does not exist)">ATP1B4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_potassium_ATPase" title="Hydrogen potassium ATPase">H+/K+</a> (3.6.3.10)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATP4A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ATP4A (page does not exist)">ATP4A</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/P-type_ATPase" title="P-type ATPase">P-type ATPase</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATP8B1" class="mw-redirect" title="ATP8B1">ATP8B1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATP10A" class="mw-redirect" title="ATP10A">ATP10A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATP11B" title="ATP11B">ATP11B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATP12A" title="ATP12A">ATP12A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATP13A2" title="ATP13A2">ATP13A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATP13A3" title="ATP13A3">ATP13A3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3.6.4</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dynein" title="Dynein">Dynein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinesin" title="Kinesin">Kinesin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myosin" title="Myosin">Myosin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katanin" title="Katanin">Katanin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_3)#3.6.5" title="List of EC numbers (EC 3)">3.6.5</a>: <a href="/wiki/GTPase" title="GTPase">GTPase</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3.6.5.1: <a href="/wiki/Heterotrimeric_G_protein" title="Heterotrimeric G protein">Heterotrimeric G protein</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gs_alpha_subunit" title="Gs alpha subunit">G<sub>αs</sub></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olfactory_receptor" title="Olfactory receptor">G<sub>olf</sub></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gi_alpha_subunit" title="Gi alpha subunit">G<sub>αi</sub></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNAI1" title="GNAI1">GNAI1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNAI2" title="GNAI2">GNAI2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNAI3" title="GNAI3">GNAI3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transducin" title="Transducin">Transducin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNAT1" title="GNAT1">GNAT1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNAT2" title="GNAT2">GNAT2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustducin" title="Gustducin">Gustducin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNAT3" title="GNAT3">GNAT3</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">G<sub>αq/11</sub></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNAQ" title="GNAQ">GNAQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNA11" title="GNA11">GNA11</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G12/G13_alpha_subunits" title="G12/G13 alpha subunits">G<sub>α12/13</sub></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNA12" title="GNA12">GNA12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNA13" title="GNA13">GNA13</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3.6.5.2: <a href="/wiki/Small_GTPase" title="Small GTPase">Small GTPase</a> > <a href="/wiki/Ras_superfamily" title="Ras superfamily">Ras superfamily</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rho_family_of_GTPases" title="Rho family of GTPases">Rho family of GTPases</a>: <i>Cdc42</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CDC42" title="CDC42">CDC42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TC10_protein" class="mw-redirect" title="TC10 protein">TC10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TCL_(GTPase)" title="TCL (GTPase)">TCL</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>RhoUV</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wrch1" title="Wrch1">RhoU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chp_(GTPase)" title="Chp (GTPase)">RhoV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rac_(GTPase)" title="Rac (GTPase)">Rac</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RAC1" title="RAC1">Rac1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAC2" title="RAC2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rac3" class="mw-redirect" title="Rac3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RhoG" title="RhoG">RhoG</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>RhoBTB</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RHOBTB1" title="RHOBTB1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RHOBTB2" title="RHOBTB2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RhoH" title="RhoH">RhoH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rho_family_of_GTPases" title="Rho family of GTPases">Rho</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RHOA" class="mw-redirect" title="RHOA">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RHOB" title="RHOB">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RhoC" title="RhoC">C</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rnd_(GTPase)" title="Rnd (GTPase)">Rnd</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rnd1" title="Rnd1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rnd2" title="Rnd2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rnd3" title="Rnd3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>RhoDF</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rif_(GTPase)" title="Rif (GTPase)">RhoF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RhoD" title="RhoD">RhoD</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>other: <a href="/wiki/Ras_subfamily" class="mw-redirect" title="Ras subfamily">Ras</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HRAS" title="HRAS">HRAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRAS" title="KRAS">KRAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroblastoma_RAS_viral_oncogene_homolog" title="Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog">NRAS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rab_(G-protein)" title="Rab (G-protein)">Rab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RAB23" title="RAB23">RAB23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAB27" title="RAB27">RAB27</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADP_ribosylation_factor" title="ADP ribosylation factor">Arf</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARF6" title="ARF6">ARF6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAR1B" class="mw-redirect" title="SAR1B">SAR1B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARL13B" title="ARL13B">ARL13B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARL6" title="ARL6">ARL6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ran_(gene)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ran (gene)">Ran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RHEB" title="RHEB">Rheb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rap_GTP-binding_protein" title="Rap GTP-binding protein">Rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RRAD_(gene)" title="RRAD (gene)">RGK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3.6.5.3: <a href="/wiki/Protein-synthesizing_GTPase" title="Protein-synthesizing GTPase">Protein-synthesizing GTPase</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prokaryotic_elongation_factors" class="mw-redirect" title="Prokaryotic elongation factors">Prokaryotic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prokaryotic_initiation_factor-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Prokaryotic initiation factor-2">IF-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EF-Tu" title="EF-Tu">EF-Tu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EF-G" title="EF-G">EF-G</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eukaryotic_elongation_factors" class="mw-redirect" title="Eukaryotic elongation factors">Eukaryotic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3.6.5.5-6: <a href="/wiki/Molecular_motor" title="Molecular motor">Polymerization motors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dynamin_superfamily" title="Dynamin superfamily">dynamin superfamily</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dynamin" title="Dynamin">Dynamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanylate-binding_protein" title="Guanylate-binding protein">Guanylate-binding protein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitofusin-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitofusin-1 (page does not exist)">Mitofusin-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MX1" title="MX1">MX1</a> and <a href="/wiki/MX2" title="MX2">MX2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamin-like_120_kDa_protein" title="Dynamin-like 120 kDa protein">OPA1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubulin" title="Tubulin">Tubulin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Enzymes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Enzymes" title="Template:Enzymes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Enzymes" title="Template talk:Enzymes"><abbr 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title="Diffusion-limited enzyme">Diffusion-limited enzyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cofactor_(biochemistry)" title="Cofactor (biochemistry)">Cofactor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_catalysis" title="Enzyme catalysis">Enzyme catalysis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regulation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allosteric_regulation" title="Allosteric regulation">Allosteric regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperativity" title="Cooperativity">Cooperativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_inhibitor" title="Enzyme inhibitor">Enzyme inhibitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_activator" title="Enzyme activator">Enzyme activator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_Commission_number" title="Enzyme Commission number">EC number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein_superfamily" title="Protein superfamily">Enzyme superfamily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein_family" title="Protein family">Enzyme family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_enzymes" title="List of enzymes">List of enzymes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kinetics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_kinetics" title="Enzyme kinetics">Enzyme kinetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadie%E2%80%93Hofstee_diagram" title="Eadie–Hofstee diagram">Eadie–Hofstee diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanes%E2%80%93Woolf_plot" title="Hanes–Woolf plot">Hanes–Woolf plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lineweaver%E2%80%93Burk_plot" title="Lineweaver–Burk plot">Lineweaver–Burk plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michaelis%E2%80%93Menten_kinetics" title="Michaelis–Menten kinetics">Michaelis–Menten kinetics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>EC1 <a href="/wiki/Oxidoreductase" title="Oxidoreductase">Oxidoreductases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_1)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 1)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC2 <a href="/wiki/Transferase" title="Transferase">Transferases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_2)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 2)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC3 <a href="/wiki/Hydrolase" title="Hydrolase">Hydrolases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_3)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 3)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC4 <a href="/wiki/Lyase" title="Lyase">Lyases</a></b> (<a 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