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class="mw-redirect" title="Asynchronous conferencing">Asynchronous conferencing</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Technologies where there is a delay in interaction between contributors</div> <p><b>Asynchronous conferencing</b> or <b>asynchronous computer-mediated communication</b> (<b>asynchronous CMC</b>) is the formal term used in <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a>, in particular in <a href="/wiki/Computer-mediated_communication" title="Computer-mediated communication">computer-mediated communication</a>, <a href="/wiki/Computer-supported_collaboration" title="Computer-supported collaboration">collaboration</a> and <a href="/wiki/Web-based_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Web-based training">learning</a>, to describe technologies where there is a delay in interaction between contributors.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is used in contrast to <a href="/wiki/Synchronous_conferencing" class="mw-redirect" title="Synchronous conferencing">synchronous conferencing</a>, which refers to various "chat" systems in which users communicate simultaneously in "real time".<br /> Especially in computer-mediated communication, it is emerging as a tool that can create opportunities for collaboration and support the inquiry process.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this form of communication, face-to-face conversation is not required, and the conversation can last for a long time. It has mostly been useful for online discussions and idea sharing which can be used for learning purpose or for solving problems over geographically diverse work-field.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tools">Tools</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asynchronous_computer-mediated_communication&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Tools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Asynchronous conferencing has been practiced for many years now in various forms. A variety of means for supporting this form of communication are as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulletin_board" title="Bulletin board">Bulletin board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Email" title="Email">E-mail</a></li> <li>Online <a href="/wiki/Internet_forum" title="Internet forum">forums</a>/polls</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blog" title="Blog">Blogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiki_page" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiki page">Wiki pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LISTSERV" title="LISTSERV">Listserv</a> and newsgroup</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Networking_Sites" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Networking Sites">Social networking sites</a></li> <li>Shared calendars</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asynchronous_computer-mediated_communication&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Asynchronous conferencing allows for the participants to have flexibility and control over the time they spend on any topic. It can allow anonymous participation, encouraging reluctant members/learners to share their viewpoint.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, it allows all the participants to contribute and communicate simultaneously on different topics. However, due to this time constraint, there is a delay between the message exchange. This delay can lead to loss of interest and affects the contextual structure and coherence of the discussion. Sometimes there might be too many posts made in a small amount time, making it hard to figure out the outcome of discussion.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This form of communication provides more convenience. The user can participate from anywhere, as long as there is connection to the conference. This is an advantage for people who work from home, work in different geographical regions or travel on business. Also, the topic can be accessed at any time, and this gives the participant time to think and reply.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, there is a lack of physical and social presence in this form of communication. Especially, in asynchronous text-based conferencing, the lack of presence amounts in a huge difference in the progress and outcome of the discussion. It lacks emotions and is more prone to interpretation error.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the more controversial topics about asynchronous conferencing is that the discussion thread might get deleted. This can happen either due to technical failure or from avoidance and loss of interest from the participants. As most threads are managed according to their access time, those threads with older access time might be replaced by ones with new access time.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asynchronous_computer-mediated_communication&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Asynchronous conferencing is basically divided up into these following types:<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Text/Image based conferencing</li> <li>Voice based conferencing</li> <li>Video based conferencing</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asynchronous_computer-mediated_communication&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This type of conferencing is mostly useful for business and/or learning purpose. Many of the universities are adopting online learning methods and using asynchronous conferencing to manage course-works and discussions.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also used in public opinion sharing or voting through blogs, wiki pages, SMS texting and social networking sites.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asynchronous_computer-mediated_communication&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CONFER_(software)" title="CONFER (software)">CONFER</a>, developed in 1975 at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a>, was one of the first and one of the most sophisticated computer conferencing systems.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchronous_conferencing" class="mw-redirect" title="Synchronous conferencing">Synchronous conferencing</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asynchronous_computer-mediated_communication&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAbrams2003" class="citation journal cs1">Abrams, Zsuzsanna Ittzes (2003-04-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1540-4781.00184">"The Effect of Synchronous and Asynchronous CMC on Oral Performance in German"</a>. <i>The Modern Language Journal</i>. <b>87</b> (2): 157–167. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1540-4781.00184">10.1111/1540-4781.00184</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0026-7902">0026-7902</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Modern+Language+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Effect+of+Synchronous+and+Asynchronous+CMC+on+Oral+Performance+in+German&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=157-167&rft.date=2003-04-30&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1540-4781.00184&rft.issn=0026-7902&rft.aulast=Abrams&rft.aufirst=Zsuzsanna+Ittzes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1111%2F1540-4781.00184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsynchronous+computer-mediated+communication" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlofferDueber,_B.Duffy,_T.M.1999" class="citation book cs1">Sloffer, Susan J.; Dueber, B.; Duffy, T.M. (1999). "Using Asynchronous Conferencing to Promote Critical Thinking: Two Implementations in Higher Education". <i>Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Hawaii International Conference on Systems Sciences. 1999. HICSS-32. Abstracts and CD-ROM of Full Papers</i>. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FHICSS.1999.772807">10.1109/HICSS.1999.772807</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7695-0001-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7695-0001-3"><bdi>0-7695-0001-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:8266592">8266592</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Using+Asynchronous+Conferencing+to+Promote+Critical+Thinking%3A+Two+Implementations+in+Higher+Education&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+32nd+Annual+Hawaii+International+Conference+on+Systems+Sciences.+1999.+HICSS-32.+Abstracts+and+CD-ROM+of+Full+Papers&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1999&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A8266592%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FHICSS.1999.772807&rft.isbn=0-7695-0001-3&rft.aulast=Sloffer&rft.aufirst=Susan+J.&rft.au=Dueber%2C+B.&rft.au=Duffy%2C+T.M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsynchronous+computer-mediated+communication" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHewitt" class="citation journal cs1">Hewitt, Jim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uvm.edu/~hag/naweb97/papers/hewitt.html">"Facilitating Convergence in Asynchronous Conferencing Environments"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Facilitating+Convergence+in+Asynchronous+Conferencing+Environments&rft.aulast=Hewitt&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uvm.edu%2F~hag%2Fnaweb97%2Fpapers%2Fhewitt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsynchronous+computer-mediated+communication" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing2008" class="citation book cs1">King, Karen D. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B11jGzd6_HcC&q=asynchronous+conferencing&pg=PR3"><i>Comparison of Social Presence in Voice-based and Text-based Asynchronous Computer Conferencing</i></a>. UMI Microform. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780549351443" title="Special:BookSources/9780549351443"><bdi>9780549351443</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Comparison+of+Social+Presence+in+Voice-based+and+Text-based+Asynchronous+Computer+Conferencing&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=UMI+Microform&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780549351443&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Karen+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB11jGzd6_HcC%26q%3Dasynchronous%2Bconferencing%26pg%3DPR3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsynchronous+computer-mediated+communication" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKokemuller" class="citation news cs1">Kokemuller, Neil. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://work.chron.com/advantages-asynchronous-conferencing-3364.html">"Advantages of Asynchronous Conferencing"</a>. <i>The Houston Chronicle</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Houston+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Advantages+of+Asynchronous+Conferencing&rft.aulast=Kokemuller&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwork.chron.com%2Fadvantages-asynchronous-conferencing-3364.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsynchronous+computer-mediated+communication" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInglisLing,_P.Joosten,_V.2002" class="citation book cs1">Inglis, Alistair; Ling, P.; Joosten, V. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JK89AAAAIAAJ&q=asynchronous+conferencing&pg=PA124"><i>Delivering Digitally: Managing the Transition to the New Knowledge Media</i></a> (2nd ed.). Great Britain: Biddles Limited. p. 124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780749434717" title="Special:BookSources/9780749434717"><bdi>9780749434717</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Delivering+Digitally%3A+Managing+the+Transition+to+the+New+Knowledge+Media&rft.place=Great+Britain&rft.pages=124&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Biddles+Limited&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780749434717&rft.aulast=Inglis&rft.aufirst=Alistair&rft.au=Ling%2C+P.&rft.au=Joosten%2C+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJK89AAAAIAAJ%26q%3Dasynchronous%2Bconferencing%26pg%3DPA124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsynchronous+computer-mediated+communication" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInglisLing,_P.Joosten,_V.2002" class="citation book cs1">Inglis, Alistair; Ling, P.; Joosten, V. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JK89AAAAIAAJ&q=asynchronous+conferencing&pg=PA124"><i>Delivering Digitally: Managing the Transition to the New Knowledge Media</i></a> (2nd ed.). Great Britain: Biddles Limited. p. 124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780749434717" title="Special:BookSources/9780749434717"><bdi>9780749434717</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Delivering+Digitally%3A+Managing+the+Transition+to+the+New+Knowledge+Media&rft.place=Great+Britain&rft.pages=124&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Biddles+Limited&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780749434717&rft.aulast=Inglis&rft.aufirst=Alistair&rft.au=Ling%2C+P.&rft.au=Joosten%2C+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJK89AAAAIAAJ%26q%3Dasynchronous%2Bconferencing%26pg%3DPA124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsynchronous+computer-mediated+communication" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson2010" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, Lynn Anderson, Terry (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bpA7WSc3gEYC&q=asynchronous+conferencing&pg=PA50"><i>Online conferences professional development for a networked era</i></a>. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Pub. p. 50. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781617351402" title="Special:BookSources/9781617351402"><bdi>9781617351402</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Online+conferences+professional+development+for+a+networked+era&rft.place=Charlotte%2C+NC&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=Information+Age+Pub.&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781617351402&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Lynn+Anderson%2C+Terry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbpA7WSc3gEYC%26q%3Dasynchronous%2Bconferencing%26pg%3DPA50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsynchronous+computer-mediated+communication" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKokemuller" class="citation news cs1">Kokemuller, Neil. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://work.chron.com/advantages-asynchronous-conferencing-3364.html">"Advantages of Asynchronous Conferencing"</a>. <i>The Houston Chronicle</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Houston+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Advantages+of+Asynchronous+Conferencing&rft.aulast=Kokemuller&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwork.chron.com%2Fadvantages-asynchronous-conferencing-3364.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsynchronous+computer-mediated+communication" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson2010" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, Lynn Anderson, Terry (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bpA7WSc3gEYC&q=asynchronous+conferencing&pg=PA50"><i>Online conferences professional development for a networked era</i></a>. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Pub. p. 52. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781617351402" title="Special:BookSources/9781617351402"><bdi>9781617351402</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Online+conferences+professional+development+for+a+networked+era&rft.place=Charlotte%2C+NC&rft.pages=52&rft.pub=Information+Age+Pub.&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781617351402&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Lynn+Anderson%2C+Terry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbpA7WSc3gEYC%26q%3Dasynchronous%2Bconferencing%26pg%3DPA50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsynchronous+computer-mediated+communication" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHewitt2005" class="citation journal cs1">Hewitt, Jim (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faculty.washington.edu/stkerr/Hewitt%20Threads%20die%202005.pdf">"Toward an Understanding of How Threads Die in Asynchronous Computer Conferences"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.: 570–572<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Toward+an+Understanding+of+How+Threads+Die+in+Asynchronous+Computer+Conferences&rft.pages=570-572&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Hewitt&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffaculty.washington.edu%2Fstkerr%2FHewitt%2520Threads%2520die%25202005.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsynchronous+computer-mediated+communication" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing2008" class="citation book cs1">King, Karen D. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Comparison+of+Social+Presence+in+Voice-based+and+Text-based+Asynchronous+Computer+Conferencing&rft.place=United+States+of+America&rft.pub=UMI+Microform&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780549351443&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Karen+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB11jGzd6_HcC%26q%3Dasynchronous%2Bconferencing%26pg%3DPR3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsynchronous+computer-mediated+communication" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBonkKing,_Kira_S.1998" class="citation book cs1">Bonk, Curtis Jay; King, Kira S. 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