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</a> <ul id="toc-Member_of_Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deputy_presidency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deputy_presidency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Deputy presidency </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Deputy_presidency-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Deputy presidency subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Deputy_presidency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Acting_president" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acting_president"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Acting president </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acting_president-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidential_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidential_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Presidential campaign </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidential_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Presidency </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Controversies </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Controversies subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Land_grabbing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Land_grabbing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Land grabbing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Land_grabbing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Weston_Hotel_land" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weston_Hotel_land"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.1 Weston Hotel land </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weston_Hotel_land-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-KPC_Ngong_Forest_land_scandal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#KPC_Ngong_Forest_land_scandal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.2 KPC Ngong Forest land scandal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-KPC_Ngong_Forest_land_scandal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Muteshi_land" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muteshi_land"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.3 Muteshi land </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muteshi_land-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Joseph_Murumbi's_900_acres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Joseph_Murumbi's_900_acres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.4 Joseph Murumbi's 900 acres </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Joseph_Murumbi's_900_acres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jacob_Juma_assassination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jacob_Juma_assassination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Jacob Juma assassination </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jacob_Juma_assassination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_Criminal_Court_summons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_Criminal_Court_summons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 International Criminal Court summons </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_Criminal_Court_summons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Home_attack" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Home_attack"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Home attack </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Home_attack-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Personal life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honours,_awards_and_recognition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honours,_awards_and_recognition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Honours, awards and recognition </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Honours,_awards_and_recognition-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Honours, awards and recognition subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Honours,_awards_and_recognition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 National honours </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Foreign honours </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">William Ruto</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 48 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" > 48 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ruto" title="William Ruto – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="William Ruto" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88" title="وليام روتو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وليام روتو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilyam_Ruto" title="Vilyam Ruto – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vilyam Ruto" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Уільям Рута – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Уільям Рута" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ruto" title="William Ruto – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="William Ruto" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ruto" title="William Ruto – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="William Ruto" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ruto" title="William Ruto – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="William Ruto" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ruto" title="William Ruto – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="William Ruto" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ruto" title="William Ruto – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="William Ruto" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BC_%CE%A1%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%84%CE%BF" title="Γουίλιαμ Ρούτο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γουίλιαμ Ρούτο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ruto" title="William Ruto – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="William Ruto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ruto" title="William Ruto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="William Ruto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88" title="ویلیام روتو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویلیام روتو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ruto" title="William Ruto – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="William Ruto" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ruto" title="William Ruto – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="William Ruto" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%84_%EB%A3%A8%ED%86%A0" title="윌리엄 루토 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="윌리엄 루토" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ruto" title="William Ruto – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="William Ruto" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%82%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B4_%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BF%D5%B8" title="Ուիլյամ Ռուտո – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ուիլյամ Ռուտո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B" title="विलियम रुटो – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विलियम रुटो" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ruto" title="William Ruto – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="William Ruto" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ruto" title="William Ruto – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="William Ruto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9D_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%98%D7%95" title="ויליאם רוטו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ויליאם רוטו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D" title="უილიამ რუტო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="უილიამ რუტო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ruto" title="William Ruto – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="William Ruto" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ruto" title="William Ruto – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="William Ruto" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulielmus_Ruto" title="Gulielmus Ruto – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gulielmus Ruto" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ruto" title="William Ruto – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="William Ruto" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88" title="وليام روتو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="وليام روتو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ruto" title="William Ruto – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="William Ruto" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ruto" title="William Ruto – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="William Ruto" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88" title="ウィリアム・ルト – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウィリアム・ルト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ruto" title="William Ruto – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="William Ruto" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_arap_Ruto" title="William arap Ruto – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="William arap Ruto" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ruto" title="William Ruto – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="William Ruto" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88" title="ویلیام روتو – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ویلیام روتو" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ruto" title="William Ruto – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="William Ruto" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ruto" title="William Ruto – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="William Ruto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE,_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC" title="Руто, Уильям – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Руто, Уильям" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ruto" title="William Ruto – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="William Ruto" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ruto" title="William Ruto – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="William Ruto" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ruto" title="William Ruto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="William Ruto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ruto" title="William Ruto – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="William Ruto" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B" title="வில்லியம் ரூட்டோ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வில்லியம் ரூட்டோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ruto" title="William Ruto – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected until October 3, 2025 at 21:34 UTC."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">President of Kenya since 2022</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Excellency" title="Excellency">His Excellency</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">William Ruto</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Golden_Heart_(Kenya)" title="Order of the Golden Heart (Kenya)">CGH</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Ruto_Potrait_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/President_Ruto_Potrait_2022.jpg/220px-President_Ruto_Potrait_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/President_Ruto_Potrait_2022.jpg/330px-President_Ruto_Potrait_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/President_Ruto_Potrait_2022.jpg/440px-President_Ruto_Potrait_2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="2048" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Official portrait, 2022</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">5th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Kenya" title="President of Kenya">President of Kenya</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">Assumed office 13 September 2022</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_President_of_Kenya" title="Deputy President of Kenya">Deputy</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rigathi_Gachagua" title="Rigathi Gachagua">Rigathi Gachagua</a> (2022–2024)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Kithure_Kindiki" title="Kithure Kindiki">Kithure Kindiki</a> (2024–present)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Uhuru_Kenyatta" title="Uhuru Kenyatta">Uhuru Kenyatta</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">11th <a href="/wiki/Deputy_President_of_Kenya" title="Deputy President of Kenya">Deputy President of Kenya</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 9 April 2013 – 13 September 2022</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data">Uhuru Kenyatta</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kalonzo_Musyoka" title="Kalonzo Musyoka">Kalonzo Musyoka</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Rigathi Gachagua</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Science_and_Technology_(Kenya)" title="Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (Kenya)">Minister for Higher Education</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 21 April 2010 – 19 October 2010</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mwai_Kibaki" title="Mwai Kibaki">Mwai Kibaki</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Prime Minister</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Raila_Odinga" title="Raila Odinga">Raila Odinga</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sally_Kosgei" title="Sally Kosgei">Sally Kosgei</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Hellen Jepkemoi Sambili (acting)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">16th <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_(Kenya)" title="Ministry of Agriculture (Kenya)">Minister for Agriculture</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 17 April 2008 – 21 April 2010</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data">Mwai Kibaki</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Prime Minister</th><td class="infobox-data">Raila Odinga</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kipruto_Rono_Arap_Kirwa" title="Kipruto Rono Arap Kirwa">Kipruto Arap Kirwa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sally_Kosgei" title="Sally Kosgei">Sally Kosgei</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Minister for Home Affairs</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 30 August 2002 – December 2002</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_arap_Moi" title="Daniel arap Moi">Daniel arap Moi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Saitoti" title="George Saitoti">George Saitoti</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Moody_Awori" title="Moody Awori">Moody Awori</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Kenya)" title="National Assembly (Kenya)">Member of Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Eldoret_North_Constituency" title="Eldoret North Constituency">Eldoret North</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 29 December 1997 – 9 April 2013</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Reuben_Chesire" title="Reuben Chesire">Reuben Chesire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Constituency abolished</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">William Kipchirchir Arap Ruto</div> (1967-01-21) 21 January 1967 (age 58) <a href="/wiki/Kamagut" title="Kamagut">Kamagut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_Democratic_Alliance_(Kenya)" title="United Democratic Alliance (Kenya)">United Democratic Alliance</a> (2021–present)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_African_National_Union" title="Kenya African National Union">Kenya African National Union</a> (before 2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Democratic_Movement" title="Orange Democratic Movement">Orange Democratic Movement</a> (2005–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Republican_Party_(Kenya)" title="United Republican Party (Kenya)">United Republican Party</a> (2012–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jubilee_Party_of_Kenya" class="mw-redirect" title="Jubilee Party of Kenya">Jubilee Party</a> (2016–2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Ruto" title="Rachel Ruto">Rachel Chebet</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1991)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">7, including <a href="/wiki/Charlene_Ruto" title="Charlene Ruto">Charlene</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Residence</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/State_House,_Nairobi" title="State House, Nairobi">State House</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Nairobi" title="University of Nairobi">University of Nairobi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BSc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Science" title="Master of Science">MSc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">PhD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Ruto_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="William Ruto's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Ruto_Signature.svg/128px-Ruto_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Ruto_Signature.svg/192px-Ruto_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Ruto_Signature.svg/256px-Ruto_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="159" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://williamsamoeiruto.com">Official website</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> William Kipchirchir Samoei Arap Ruto <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Golden_Heart_(Kenya)" title="Order of the Golden Heart (Kenya)">CGH</a> (born 21 January 1967) is a Kenyan politician who is the fifth and current <a href="/wiki/President_of_Kenya" title="President of Kenya">president of Kenya</a> since 13 September 2022. Prior to becoming president, he served as the first elected <a href="/wiki/Deputy_President_of_Kenya" title="Deputy President of Kenya">deputy president of Kenya</a> from 2013 to 2022.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> He previously served in three <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Kenya" title="Cabinet of Kenya">cabinet</a> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_(government_department)" title="Ministry (government department)">portfolios</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Home_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister for Home Affairs">Minister for Home Affairs</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_(Kenya)" title="Ministry of Agriculture (Kenya)">Minister of Agriculture</a> and as <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Science_and_Technology_(Kenya)" title="Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (Kenya)">Minister for Higher Education</a>. Ruto was elected <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(Kenya)" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament (Kenya)">Member of Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Eldoret_North_Constituency" title="Eldoret North Constituency">Eldoret North</a> constituency from 1997 to 2007 under the <a href="/wiki/Kenya_African_National_Union" title="Kenya African National Union">KANU</a>, and from 2007 to 2013 through the <a href="/wiki/Orange_Democratic_Movement" title="Orange Democratic Movement">ODM</a> party. He was the <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Home_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister for Home Affairs">Minister for Home Affairs</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Daniel_arap_Moi" title="Daniel arap Moi">Daniel arap Moi</a> administration from August to December 2002. Under the <a href="/wiki/Mwai_Kibaki" title="Mwai Kibaki">Mwai Kibaki</a> administration, he was the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_(Kenya)" title="Ministry of Agriculture (Kenya)">Minister for Agriculture</a> from 2008 to 2010 and <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Science_and_Technology_(Kenya)" title="Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (Kenya)">Minister for Higher Education</a> from April to October 2010. Ruto first contested for the presidency during the <a href="/wiki/2007_Kenyan_general_election" title="2007 Kenyan general election">2007 election</a>, but lost to <a href="/wiki/Raila_Odinga" title="Raila Odinga">Raila Odinga</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Orange_Democratic_Movement" title="Orange Democratic Movement">ODM</a> party primaries; together with <a href="/wiki/Musalia_Mudavadi" title="Musalia Mudavadi">Musalia Mudavadi</a>, who finished second, he then supported the candidature of Odinga. He again ran for the presidency on the <a href="/wiki/2013_Kenyan_general_election" title="2013 Kenyan general election">2013 election</a>, but withdrew his candidature in favour of <a href="/wiki/Uhuru_Kenyatta" title="Uhuru Kenyatta">Uhuru Kenyatta</a>. He was later nominated to run for the deputy presidency in the <a href="/wiki/2013_Kenyan_general_election" title="2013 Kenyan general election">2013 election</a> under the <a href="/wiki/United_Republican_Party_(Kenya)" title="United Republican Party (Kenya)">United Republican Party</a>, becoming the <a href="/wiki/Running_mate" title="Running mate">running mate</a> of <a href="/wiki/Uhuru_Kenyatta" title="Uhuru Kenyatta">Uhuru Kenyatta</a> from <a href="/wiki/The_National_Alliance" title="The National Alliance">The National Alliance</a> (TNA). He was re-elected to the deputy presidency under the <a href="/wiki/Jubilee_Party" title="Jubilee Party">Jubilee Party</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2017_Kenyan_general_election" title="2017 Kenyan general election">2017 Kenyan general election</a>. Ruto successfully ran for the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Kenya" title="President of Kenya">presidency</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2022_Kenyan_general_election" title="2022 Kenyan general election">2022 election</a>, this time under the <a href="/wiki/United_Democratic_Alliance_(Kenya)" title="United Democratic Alliance (Kenya)">United Democratic Alliance</a> (UDA). Amidst a fall-out, Kenyatta supported his opponent <a href="/wiki/Raila_Odinga" title="Raila Odinga">Raila Odinga</a>. The election was marred by allegations of <a href="/wiki/Electoral_fraud" title="Electoral fraud">electoral fraud</a> by allies of Odinga, although international observers have not corroborated such claims.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2></div> A member of the <a href="/wiki/Kalenjin_people" title="Kalenjin people">Kalenjin people</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Rift_Valley_Province" title="Rift Valley Province">Rift Valley Province</a>,<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> William Ruto was born on 21 January 1967 in Sambut village, <a href="/wiki/Kamagut" title="Kamagut">Kamagut</a>,<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> <a href="/wiki/Uasin_Gishu_County" title="Uasin Gishu County">Uasin Gishu County</a>, to Daniel Cheruiyot and Sarah Cheruiyot.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3></div> Ruto started his education at Kamagut Primary School, then transferred to Kerotet Primary School—both situated within the Uasin Gishu County; and he sat for his <a href="/wiki/Certificate_of_Primary_Education" title="Certificate of Primary Education">Certificate of Primary Education</a> (CPE) at the latter. He then proceeded to Wareng Secondary School, still in <a href="/wiki/Uasin_Gishu_County" title="Uasin Gishu County">Uasin Gishu County</a>, and later <a href="/wiki/Kapsabet_High_School" title="Kapsabet High School">Kapsabet High School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nandi_County" title="Nandi County">Nandi County</a>, where he obtained his <a href="/wiki/Ordinary_Level" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordinary Level">Ordinary Level</a> and <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Level" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Level">Advanced Level</a> education respectively.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> He then enrolled at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nairobi" title="University of Nairobi">University of Nairobi</a> to pursue <a href="/wiki/Botany" title="Botany">Botany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zoology" title="Zoology">Zoology</a>, graduating in 1990 with a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BSc</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> He went on to complete an <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Science" title="Master of Science">MSc</a> in Plant Ecology, also from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nairobi" title="University of Nairobi">University of Nairobi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> The year after his graduation, he enrolled for a <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">Ph.D.</a> at the same university, and after several setbacks,<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> he completed and graduated on 21 December 2018. Ruto authored several papers, including one titled Plant Species Diversity and Composition of Two Wetlands in the Nairobi National Park, Kenya.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> During his time in the campus for his <a href="/wiki/Undergraduate_education" title="Undergraduate education">undergraduate education</a>, Ruto was an active member of the Christian Union. He also served as the Chairman of the University of Nairobi's choir.<a href="#cite_note-k24profile-16">[16]</a> Through his church activities at the University of Nairobi, he met President <a href="/wiki/Daniel_arap_Moi" title="Daniel arap Moi">Daniel arap Moi</a>, who would later introduce him to politics during the <a href="/wiki/1992_Kenyan_general_election" title="1992 Kenyan general election">1992 general elections</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto2-17">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2></div> After graduating from the University of Nairobi in 1990, Ruto was employed as a temporary teacher in the North Rift region of Kenya from 1990 to 1992, where he was also a leader of the local church choir, the Africa Inland Church (AIC).<a href="#cite_note-auto2-17">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="YK'92">YK'92</h3></div> Ruto began his political career when he became the treasurer of the <a href="/wiki/Youth_for_Kanu_%2792" title="Youth for Kanu '92">YK'92</a> campaign group that was lobbying for the re-election of President Moi in 1992, from which he learned the basics of Kenyan politics.<a href="#cite_note-k24profile-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto1-18">[18]</a> He is also believed to have accumulated some wealth in this period.<a href="#cite_note-auto4-19">[19]</a> After the 1992 elections, President Moi disbanded <a href="/wiki/Youth_for_Kanu_%2792" title="Youth for Kanu '92">YK'92</a> and Ruto unsuccessfully vied for various branch-level positions in <a href="/wiki/Kenya_African_National_Union" title="Kenya African National Union">KANU</a>, which was at that time Kenya's ruling party.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Member_of_Parliament">Member of Parliament</h3></div> Ruto ran for a parliamentary seat in the <a href="/wiki/1997_Kenyan_general_election" title="1997 Kenyan general election">1997 general election</a>. He surprisingly beat the incumbent, <a href="/wiki/Reuben_Chesire" title="Reuben Chesire">Reuben Chesire</a>, Moi's preferred candidate, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Uasin_Gishu" class="mw-redirect" title="Uasin Gishu">Uasin Gishu</a> KANU branch chairman and assistant minister.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> He later gained favour with Moi and was appointed <a href="/wiki/Kenya_African_National_Union" title="Kenya African National Union">KANU</a> Director of Elections.<a href="#cite_note-auto-23">[23]</a> His strong support in 2002 for Moi's preferred successor, <a href="/wiki/Uhuru_Kenyatta" title="Uhuru Kenyatta">Uhuru Kenyatta</a>, saw him get a place as assistant minister in the Home Affairs (Interior) ministry. Later in that <a href="/wiki/2002_Kenyan_general_election" title="2002 Kenyan general election">election</a>, when some government ministers resigned to join the opposition, he was promoted to full <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Kenya" title="Cabinet of Kenya">Cabinet Minister</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto4-19">[19]</a> KANU lost the election but he retained his parliamentary seat. Ruto was elected KANU Secretary General in 2005, with <a href="/wiki/Uhuru_Kenyatta" title="Uhuru Kenyatta">Uhuru Kenyatta</a> elected as chairman.<a href="#cite_note-auto-23">[23]</a> In 2005, Kenya <a href="/wiki/2005_Kenyan_constitutional_referendum" title="2005 Kenyan constitutional referendum">held a referendum on a new constitution</a>, which KANU opposed.<a href="#cite_note-k24profile-16">[16]</a> Some members of the ruling NARC coalition government, mainly former KANU ministers who had joined the opposition coalition in 2002 under the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Kenya)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Kenya)">LDP</a> banner and who were disgruntled as President <a href="/wiki/Mwai_Kibaki" title="Mwai Kibaki">Kibaki</a> had not honored a pre-election MoU<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> on power-sharing and creation of a Prime Minister post, joined KANU to oppose the proposed constitution.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Since the symbol of the "No" vote was an Orange, this new grouping named their movement the <a href="/wiki/Orange_Democratic_Movement" title="Orange Democratic Movement">Orange Democratic Movement</a> (ODM). Ruto was part of its top brass, dubbed the Pentagon. He solidified his voter base in the <a href="/wiki/Rift_Valley_Province" title="Rift Valley Province">Rift Valley Province</a>. ODM was victorious in the referendum.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> In January 2006, Ruto declared publicly that he would vie for the presidency in the next <a href="/wiki/2007_Kenyan_general_election" title="2007 Kenyan general election">general election (2007)</a>. His statement was condemned by some of his KANU colleagues, including former president Moi. By this time, ODM had morphed into a political party.<a href="#cite_note-k24profile-16">[16]</a> Ruto sought the nomination of the <a href="/wiki/Orange_Democratic_Movement" title="Orange Democratic Movement">Orange Democratic Movement</a> (ODM) as its presidential candidate, but on 1 September 2007, he placed third with 368 votes. The winner was <a href="/wiki/Raila_Odinga" title="Raila Odinga">Raila Odinga</a> with 2,656 votes and the runner-up was <a href="/wiki/Musalia_Mudavadi" title="Musalia Mudavadi">Musalia Mudavadi</a> with 391.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Ruto expressed his support for Odinga after the vote.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> As KANU under Uhuru Kenyatta moved to support Kibaki,<a href="#cite_note-auto3-29">[29]</a> he resigned from his post as KANU secretary general on 6 October 2007.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Clinton_in_Kenya.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Clinton_in_Kenya.jpg/220px-Clinton_in_Kenya.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Clinton_in_Kenya.jpg/330px-Clinton_in_Kenya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Clinton_in_Kenya.jpg/440px-Clinton_in_Kenya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="404" /></a><figcaption>U.S. Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> (center) walks with Minister of Agriculture William Ruto (left) and environmental and political activist <a href="/wiki/Wangari_Maathai" class="mw-redirect" title="Wangari Maathai">Wangari Maathai</a> (right) during a tour of the Kenyan Agricultural Research Institute (KARI) near Nairobi, 5 August 2009.</figcaption></figure> The presidential election of December 2007 ended in an impasse. Kenya's electoral commission declared Kibaki the winner, but Raila and ODM claimed the victory. Mwai Kibaki was hurriedly sworn in as the president of the <a href="/wiki/2007_Kenyan_presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2007 Kenyan presidential election">December 2007 presidential election</a>. Following the election and the dispute over the result, Kenya was engulfed by a <a href="/wiki/Kenyan_crisis,_2007-2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenyan crisis, 2007-2008">violent political crisis</a>. Kibaki and Odinga agreed to form a power-sharing government.<a href="#cite_note-PM-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-Names-32">[32]</a> In the grand coalition Cabinet named on 13 April 2008<a href="#cite_note-Names-32">[32]</a> and sworn in on 17 April,<a href="#cite_note-PM-31">[31]</a> Ruto was appointed as Minister for Agriculture.<a href="#cite_note-Names-32">[32]</a> Ruto also became the <a href="/wiki/Eldoret_North_Constituency" title="Eldoret North Constituency">Eldoret North's</a> Member of Parliament from 2008 to 4 March 2013.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Ruto was among the list of people who were indicted to stand trial at the ICC for their involvement in Kenya's 2007/2008 political violence. However, the ICC case was faced with challenges, especially concerning the withdrawal of key prosecution witnesses. In April 2016, the Court dropped the charges against Ruto.<a href="#cite_note-theguardian1-34">[34]</a> On 21 April 2010, Ruto was transferred from the Agriculture Ministry and posted to the Higher Education Ministry, swapping posts with <a href="/wiki/Sally_Kosgei" title="Sally Kosgei">Sally Kosgei</a>.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> On 24 August 2011, Ruto was relieved of his ministerial duties but remained a member of parliament. He joined with Uhuru Kenyatta to form the Jubilee alliance for the 2013 presidential election.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deputy_presidency">Deputy presidency</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Prime_Minister,_Shri_Narendra_Modi_being_seen_off_by_the_Deputy_President_of_Kenya,_Mr._William_Ruto,_at_Jomo_Kenyatta_International_Airport,_in_Nairobi,_Kenya_on_July_11,_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_being_seen_off_by_the_Deputy_President_of_Kenya%2C_Mr._William_Ruto%2C_at_Jomo_Kenyatta_International_Airport%2C_in_Nairobi%2C_Kenya_on_July_11%2C_2016.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_being_seen_off_by_the_Deputy_President_of_Kenya%2C_Mr._William_Ruto%2C_at_Jomo_Kenyatta_International_Airport%2C_in_Nairobi%2C_Kenya_on_July_11%2C_2016.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_being_seen_off_by_the_Deputy_President_of_Kenya%2C_Mr._William_Ruto%2C_at_Jomo_Kenyatta_International_Airport%2C_in_Nairobi%2C_Kenya_on_July_11%2C_2016.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2096" data-file-height="1820" /></a><figcaption>Ruto with Indian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> in 2016</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acting_president">Acting president</h3></div> On 6 October 2014, Ruto was appointed acting president of Kenya by the then President <a href="/wiki/Uhuru_Kenyatta" title="Uhuru Kenyatta">Uhuru Kenyatta</a> following his summons to appear before the ICC. He served in the role between 6 and 9 October 2014 while President Kenyatta was away at The Hague. When he officially handed over power to Ruto at the Parliament on October 6, Uhuru explained, "To protect the sovereignty of the Republic of Kenya, I will sign a legal notice appointing Hon William Ruto as acting president while I attend the status conference."<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> In the August <a href="/wiki/2017_Kenyan_general_election" title="2017 Kenyan general election">2017 General Elections</a>, Uhuru and Ruto were declared victors after garnering 54% of the total votes cast. However, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Kenya" title="Supreme Court of Kenya">Supreme Court of Kenya</a> nullified the election, and a fresh <a href="/wiki/October_2017_Kenyan_presidential_election" title="October 2017 Kenyan presidential election">election</a> was held in October 2017. The opposition boycotted the fresh election and Uhuru and Ruto were re-elected with 98% of the total votes cast. The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Kenya" title="Supreme Court of Kenya">Supreme Court</a> upheld the results of this second election.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidential_campaign">Presidential campaign</h3></div> In December 2020 Ruto announced his alliance with the newly formed <a href="/wiki/United_Democratic_Alliance_(Kenya)" title="United Democratic Alliance (Kenya)">United Democratic Alliance</a> party.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> He was the only presidential candidate to attend the second part of the 2022 presidential debate.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> On 15 August 2022, six days after the <a href="/wiki/2022_Kenyan_general_election" title="2022 Kenyan general election">general election held on 9 August</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Independent_Electoral_and_Boundaries_Commission" title="Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission">Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission</a> chair <a href="/wiki/Wafula_Chebukati" title="Wafula Chebukati">Wafula Chebukati</a> announced that Ruto had won the presidential election, defeating candidate <a href="/wiki/Raila_Odinga" title="Raila Odinga">Raila Odinga</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Azimio_La_Umoja" class="mw-redirect" title="Azimio La Umoja">Azimio La Umoja</a> party. Ruto received 50.49% of the valid votes cast, while Odinga received 48.85%.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Odinga disputed the presidential election results announced by the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission, and he challenged the results with the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Kenya" title="Supreme Court of Kenya">Supreme Court</a>.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> On 5 September, the Supreme Court judges unanimously found that evidence presented by Odinga's campaign inconclusive and upheld the election of Ruto as the winner of the election.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> In response to the ruling, Odinga said he respected the Supreme Court's decision even though he strongly disagreed with it.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presidency">Presidency</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kenya_presidential_standard_William_Ruto.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Kenya_presidential_standard_William_Ruto.svg/220px-Kenya_presidential_standard_William_Ruto.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Kenya_presidential_standard_William_Ruto.svg/330px-Kenya_presidential_standard_William_Ruto.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Kenya_presidential_standard_William_Ruto.svg/440px-Kenya_presidential_standard_William_Ruto.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2269" data-file-height="1512" /></a><figcaption>Presidential Standard of William Ruto</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_showing_countries_President_William_Ruto_has_visited_as_president.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Map_showing_countries_President_William_Ruto_has_visited_as_president.svg/220px-Map_showing_countries_President_William_Ruto_has_visited_as_president.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Map_showing_countries_President_William_Ruto_has_visited_as_president.svg/330px-Map_showing_countries_President_William_Ruto_has_visited_as_president.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Map_showing_countries_President_William_Ruto_has_visited_as_president.svg/440px-Map_showing_countries_President_William_Ruto_has_visited_as_president.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="443" /></a><figcaption>Map showing <a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_William_Ruto" title="List of international presidential trips made by William Ruto">International trips made by William Ruto as President</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Isaac_Herzog_in_Beit_HaNassi,_May_2023_(GPOHZ0_7155).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Isaac_Herzog_in_Beit_HaNassi%2C_May_2023_%28GPOHZ0_7155%29.jpg/220px-Isaac_Herzog_in_Beit_HaNassi%2C_May_2023_%28GPOHZ0_7155%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Isaac_Herzog_in_Beit_HaNassi%2C_May_2023_%28GPOHZ0_7155%29.jpg/330px-Isaac_Herzog_in_Beit_HaNassi%2C_May_2023_%28GPOHZ0_7155%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Isaac_Herzog_in_Beit_HaNassi%2C_May_2023_%28GPOHZ0_7155%29.jpg/440px-Isaac_Herzog_in_Beit_HaNassi%2C_May_2023_%28GPOHZ0_7155%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1995" /></a><figcaption>Ruto with Israeli President <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Herzog" title="Isaac Herzog">Isaac Herzog</a> on 9 May 2023</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P20240523AS-2003_(53784897781).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/P20240523AS-2003_%2853784897781%29.jpg/220px-P20240523AS-2003_%2853784897781%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/P20240523AS-2003_%2853784897781%29.jpg/330px-P20240523AS-2003_%2853784897781%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/P20240523AS-2003_%2853784897781%29.jpg/440px-P20240523AS-2003_%2853784897781%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Ruto with U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> on 23 May 2024</figcaption></figure> On 13 September 2022 he was inaugurated at <a href="/wiki/Moi_International_Sports_Centre" title="Moi International Sports Centre">Moi International Sports Centre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kasarani" title="Kasarani">Kasarani</a> in a ceremony presided over by <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Kenya" title="Chief Justice of Kenya">Chief Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/Martha_Koome" title="Martha Koome">Martha Koome</a>, and attended by over 20 heads of state and government. The inauguration day was declared a public holiday.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Attendance was very high, with groups of the general public clashing with security officials when trying to enter the stadium; however, the event continued peacefully.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Following his inauguration he officially began his term as <a href="/wiki/President_of_Kenya" title="President of Kenya">President of Kenya</a>.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> After taking office Ruto pledged to address climate change and end the use of fossil fuels in Kenya's electricity production by 2030.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> On 18 September 2022 President Ruto made his first foreign trip as head of state to the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, during which he attended the state funeral of the late <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> on 19 September 2022 at <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a> in London.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Two days later, on 21 September 2022, President Ruto made his debut address as head of state to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a> (<a href="/wiki/UNGA" class="mw-redirect" title="UNGA">UNGA</a>) in New York. He nodded to President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden's</a> "<a href="/wiki/Build_Back_Better_Act" title="Build Back Better Act">Build Back Better</a>" domestic plan, proposing a global effort toward "building back better from the bottom upward." The goal, he said, should be "including the marginalized, working majority in the economic mainstream." Other themes he addressed were the expansion of the representation of Africa on the <a href="/wiki/U.N._Security_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="U.N. Security Council">U.N. Security Council</a>,<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> increased investment in the African continent, "moving Africa from aid to investment", tapping "the ever-bustling" human capital for economic prosperity and a concerted effort towards tackling climate change in the world.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> In September 2022, he said that the Horn of Africa was experiencing its worst <a href="/wiki/Drought" title="Drought">drought</a> in 40 years, adding that "3.1 million people are facing severe drought" in Kenya alone.<a href="#cite_note-france24-55">[55]</a> Asked about the ongoing <a href="/wiki/Tigray_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Tigray War">Tigray War</a> in northern <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> between government forces and Tigray rebels, Ruto said that "whatever happens in Ethiopia gets to Kenya".<a href="#cite_note-france24-55">[55]</a> Speaking about the <a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War_(2009%E2%80%93present)" title="Somali Civil War (2009–present)">Somali Civil War</a>, he said that "Kenyan troops will come back home as soon as we're done with the assignment that we have in Somalia."<a href="#cite_note-france24-55">[55]</a> In November 2022 Ruto's government launched the <a href="/wiki/Hustler_Fund" title="Hustler Fund">Hustler Fund</a>, a loan program to grant immediate loans to Kenyan citizens.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> In 2023 Ruto proposed a large-scale <a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">privatisation</a> of public enterprises, noting that it is not economically viable to keep pumping government resources into sustaining those corporations.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> On 25 June 2024 at least five people were killed when public order broke down over tax protests. Ruto proposed several tax rises because more than half of its annual tax revenues are spent to service debt. The increased taxes are proposed "on everything from car ownership and financial transactions to sanitary pads."<a href="#cite_note-bbc6-58">[58]</a> On 11 July Ruto sacked most of his cabinet save for the deputy president and prime cabinet secretary, and the next day the police chief <a href="/w/index.php?title=Japhet_Koome&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japhet Koome (page does not exist)">Japhet Koome</a> resigned after 40 people died over the past month in the <a href="/wiki/Kenya_Finance_Bill_protests" title="Kenya Finance Bill protests">Kenya Finance Bill protests</a>. Koome was held responsible for police violence against protesters. It was noted that "[a]bout 60% of Kenya's collected revenues goes to servicing debt."<a href="#cite_note-bbc2-59">[59]</a> In September 2024, William Ruto and German Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Olaf_Scholz" title="Olaf Scholz">Olaf Scholz</a> signed an agreement that opened the German labor market to up to 250,000 skilled and semi-skilled <a href="/wiki/Gastarbeiter" title="Gastarbeiter">migrant workers</a> from Kenya.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> The agreement will also simplify the <a href="/wiki/Deportation" title="Deportation">deportation</a> of Kenyans from Germany. There are concerns about <a href="/wiki/Brain_drain" class="mw-redirect" title="Brain drain">brain drain</a> in Kenya, as professionals such as doctors and nurses could leave for better-paying jobs in Germany. The deal was made at a time when the <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration" title="Opposition to immigration">anti-immigration</a> <a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany" title="Alternative for Germany">AfD</a> party is growing in popularity in Germany.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Land_grabbing">Land grabbing</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Weston_Hotel_land">Weston Hotel land</h4></div> Ruto has been involved in a <a href="/wiki/Land_grabbing" title="Land grabbing">land grabbing</a> saga involving his mysterious acquisition of Weston Hotel land, pitted against public counteraccusations with several state corporations in Kenya, all surrounding the original owner of the land. According to <a href="/wiki/The_Standard_(Kenya)" title="The Standard (Kenya)">The Standard</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kenya_Civil_Aviation_Authority" title="Kenya Civil Aviation Authority">Kenya Civil Aviation Authority</a> (KCAA), a state agency, was duped into surrendering the land on which the Weston Hotel was built.<a href="#cite_note-dubious-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-duped-63">[63]</a> In 2001, <a href="/wiki/Kenya_Civil_Aviation_Authority" title="Kenya Civil Aviation Authority">KCAA</a>, which originally occupied the land, was given alternative pieces of land belonging to another state agency, the meteorological department.<a href="#cite_note-duped-63">[63]</a> KCAA did not occupy the alternative piece of land upon which Ruto's Weston Hotel was built. According to KCAA, a powerful <a href="/wiki/Cartel" title="Cartel">cartel</a>, working in the lands ministry was involved in a <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy" title="Conspiracy">conspiracy</a> to relinquish the same piece of land with several land ministry officers also involved in the conspiracy.<a href="#cite_note-duped-63">[63]</a> In January 2019, it emerged that according to another state agency, the National Lands Commission, Ruto owed and needed to pay the people of Kenya for the land 0.773 acres opposite Wilson Airport upon which the Weston Hotel was built. In February 2019, Ruto publicly admitted the Weston Hotel land had been acquired illegally by the original owners who sold him the land, and that he had no knowledge of the matter.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> In August 2020, Ruto offered to pay the state agency for the land.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Later in 2020, KCAA was refused to be compensated for the land and so, demanded demolition of the hotel because of acquisition through illegality, <a href="/wiki/Fraud" title="Fraud">fraud</a> and <a href="/wiki/Corruption" title="Corruption">corruption</a>. According to the KCAA, the public land was designated for the construction of headquarters and flight paths, and it had been disposed of the land by <a href="/wiki/Collusion" title="Collusion">collusion</a> with private entities, Priority Ltd and Monene Investments both reported to be associated with Ruto.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Later in the same month, another legislator, Ngunjiri Wambugu, demanded all other cases in Kenya involving stolen property be thrown out as long as suspects were willing to compensate for it, in an effort to complain about the preferential treatment Ruto was receiving for his involvement in the state's stolen property. In December 2020, the KCB Bank backed Ruto in the court battle to repossess the land, fearing the loss of security against the advancement of 1.2 billion <a href="/wiki/Kenyan_shilling" title="Kenyan shilling">shillings</a> in Weston hotel associated with Ruto.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="KPC_Ngong_Forest_land_scandal">KPC Ngong Forest land scandal</h4></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/KPC_Ngong_Forest_land_scandal" title="KPC Ngong Forest land scandal">KPC Ngong Forest land scandal</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Ruto_at_the_54th_IAEA_General_Conference.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/William_Ruto_at_the_54th_IAEA_General_Conference.jpg/220px-William_Ruto_at_the_54th_IAEA_General_Conference.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/William_Ruto_at_the_54th_IAEA_General_Conference.jpg/330px-William_Ruto_at_the_54th_IAEA_General_Conference.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/William_Ruto_at_the_54th_IAEA_General_Conference.jpg/440px-William_Ruto_at_the_54th_IAEA_General_Conference.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3591" data-file-height="2380" /></a><figcaption>Ruto at the 54th Regular Session of the IAEA General Conference</figcaption></figure> In 2004, Ruto was charged with defrauding another state corporation, <a href="/wiki/Kenya_Pipeline_Company" title="Kenya Pipeline Company">Kenya Pipeline Company</a> (KPC), of huge amounts of money through dubious land deals.<a href="#cite_note-dubious-62">[62]</a> He was acquitted in 2011 but in 2020, as his relationship with President <a href="/wiki/Uhuru_Kenyatta" title="Uhuru Kenyatta">Uhuru Kenyatta</a> seemed to falter amid the President's push for an anti-corruption war,<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> the police re-opened investigations in the case.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Muteshi_land">Muteshi land</h4></div> In June 2013, a court ordered Ruto to pay a victim of 2007/08 post-election violence 5 million shillings for illegally taking away his land during the post-election violence.<a href="#cite_note-headon-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-dubious-62">[62]</a> In the same judgement, Ruto was evicted from the grabbed land in <a href="/wiki/Uasin_Gishu" class="mw-redirect" title="Uasin Gishu">Uasin Gishu</a>. Adrian Muteshi had accused Ruto of grabbing<a href="#cite_note-dubious-62">[62]</a> and trespassing on his 100-acre piece of land in Uasin Gishu after he, Adrian, had fled his land for safety during the post-election violence of 2007/08.<a href="#cite_note-headon-74">[74]</a> In February 2014, Ruto appealed the court order to pay the 5 million shilling fine. In 2017, Ruto withdrew the appeal against the judgment. In October 2020, Adrian Muteshi died of an unspecified cause at the age of 86.<a href="#cite_note-headon-74">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Joseph_Murumbi's_900_acres">Joseph Murumbi's 900 acres</h4></div> In October 2019, the <a href="/wiki/Daily_Nation" title="Daily Nation">Daily Nation</a> reported that Ruto's acquisition of a 900-acre piece of land of another former vice president, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Murumbi" title="Joseph Murumbi">Joseph Murumbi</a>, haunted Ruto because he had been involved in the irregular acquisition of the land.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> In the same month, Ruto claimed that the articles were persistent, and obviously sponsored <a href="/wiki/Fake_news" title="Fake news">fake news</a>. Later that month, a human rights lobby activist, Trusted Society of Human Rights Alliance, called for an investigation into the mysterious acquisition of a 900-acre piece of land that formerly belonged to former vice-president Murumbi.<a href="#cite_note-murumbi-76">[76]</a> According to the allegations, Murumbi had been involved in a dispute over loan defaults with a state corporation, AFC, against the land that was pledged as a security for the loan.<a href="#cite_note-murumbi-76">[76]</a> It is alleged that Murumbi defaulted the loan and AFC took over ownership of the land that was eventually sold to Ruto after he paid off the loan owed to the state corporation.<a href="#cite_note-murumbi-76">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jacob_Juma_assassination">Jacob Juma assassination</h3></div> Ruto has been widely and repeatedly linked to the assassination of Jacob Juma by several media, activists, politicians, opposition figures in <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, including Jacob Juma himself.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-obsessed-78">[78]</a> Jacob Juma was a wealthy businessman<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> who became a fierce government critic and anti-corruption crusader who became known for posting targeted cryptic tweets against Ruto and the Jubilee government months before he was assassinated in Nairobi.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-times-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> In December 2015, Jacob Juma, in his tweets, claimed Ruto was obsessed with killing him.<a href="#cite_note-obsessed-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> In May 2016, Jacob Juma was shot dead along <a href="/wiki/Ngong_Road" title="Ngong Road">Ngong Road</a>.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> In the same month, during the burial of Jacob Juma, a former Lugari MP <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Jirongo" title="Cyrus Jirongo">Cyrus Jirongo</a> and previously a close ally of Ruto claimed Jacob Juma had physically assaulted Ruto by slapping him for having a sour relationship over unspecified reasons.<a href="#cite_note-nairobi-85">[85]</a> Jirongo urged police to investigate the assassination based on the assault.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> Later in the month, Ruto threatened to sue Jirongo for linking him to the assassination.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> Jirongo claimed that he and another former minister, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Okemo" title="Chris Okemo">Chris Okemo</a>, were personally involved in paying the murdered government critic university's tuition fees, and that he knew the matter surrounding the controversy all too well.<a href="#cite_note-nairobi-85">[85]</a> According to Jirongo, the same assassins were involved in the murder of Meshack Yebei, another murdered prospective defence witness in the <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court" title="International Criminal Court">ICC</a> trial against Ruto.<a href="#cite_note-nairobi-85">[85]</a> In June 2016, the Canadian newspaper <a href="/wiki/Financial_Post" title="Financial Post">Financial Post</a> and the Kenyan newspaper <a href="/wiki/The_Standard_(Kenya)" title="The Standard (Kenya)">The Standard</a> both reported that Jacob Juma was the director of a <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canadian</a> company (Pacific Wildcat) whose license to explore $2 billion worth of minerals in <a href="/wiki/Kwale" title="Kwale">Kwale</a> county in Kenya was cancelled just after the <a href="/wiki/Jubilee_Party" title="Jubilee Party">Jubilee government</a> took over.<a href="#cite_note-genesis-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-genesis2-90">[90]</a> This cancellation led Jacob Juma to call a press conference where he claimed that the then Mining Minister <a href="/wiki/Najib_Balala" title="Najib Balala">Najib Balala</a> was demanding a <a href="/wiki/Bribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Bribe">bribe</a> to have the cancelled license re-issued to the company. This cancellation led Jacob Juma into personal financial ruin, and it was reported he was routinely borrowing money. He became a fierce government critic after he felt short-changed out of the mining license that eventually caused his company to lose money.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> According to a different company official of the same Canadian company, Ruto and Balala demanded transfer of the mining company's license to a new company with the Kenyan government to receive a 50% stake in the new company for free.<a href="#cite_note-genesis-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-genesis2-90">[90]</a> This eventually led Jacob Juma to become fiercely critical of Ruto and the Jubilee government in tweets, media interviews, court filings, and political correspondence with opposition figures as well as diplomatic missions in Kenya.<a href="#cite_note-times-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> It later emerged Jacob Juma had promised the <a href="/wiki/Board_of_directors" title="Board of directors">board</a> of the Canadian company Pacific Wildcat that he would fight <a href="/wiki/Bureaucratic" class="mw-redirect" title="Bureaucratic">bureaucratic</a> delays as well as the corruption that would stand in the way of getting the mining license. A high court ruling in Kenya found that the Mining minister was right to cancel the license of the Canadian company.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> In October 2016, photojournalist <a href="/wiki/Boniface_Mwangi" title="Boniface Mwangi">Boniface Mwangi</a> also linked Ruto to the assassination.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-manga-95">[95]</a> Ruto sued him for defamation. According to Ruto's lawyer, the claims by the activist had lowered Ruto's standing among Kenya's "high thinking" people.<a href="#cite_note-manga-95">[95]</a> In December 2016, one of the personnel from Ruto's office was reported to also link Ruto to the assassination by delivering a letter to Mwangi to help with his defamation case against Ruto by providing details of the murder by persons in Ruto's office.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-rutoaide-97">[97]</a> In the same month, it was reported that the personnel was to be charged in court for extortion.<a href="#cite_note-rutoaide-97">[97]</a> An investigating officer claimed that the arrested personnel from Ruto's office claimed that another personnel in Ruto's office called Rono had credible information that Activist Mwangi could be killed in a stage-managed road accident.<a href="#cite_note-stage-98">[98]</a> The arrested personnel from Ruto's office was later sent for mental check-up after he further claimed that he was coached to lie about his claims of Jacob Juma's murder by Mwangi.<a href="#cite_note-stage-98">[98]</a> In February 2017, it was reported that Mwangi claimed Ruto wanted him dead like he killed Jacob Juma.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_Criminal_Court_summons">International Criminal Court summons</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Kenya" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Kenya">International Criminal Court investigation in Kenya</a></div> In December 2010, the prosecutor of the <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court" title="International Criminal Court">International Criminal Court</a> announced that he was seeking the summons of six people, including Ruto, over their involvement in the <a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_Kenyan_crisis" title="2007–2008 Kenyan crisis">2007–8 electoral violence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> The ICC's Pre-Trial Chamber subsequently issued a summons for Ruto at the prosecutor's request.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> Ruto was accused of planning and organizing crimes against supporters of President Kibaki's Party of National Unity. He was charged with three counts of <a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity" title="Crimes against humanity">crimes against humanity</a>, one for murder, one for the forcible transfer of population, and one for persecution. On 23 January 2012, the ICC confirmed the charges against Ruto and <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Sang" title="Joshua Sang">Joshua Sang</a>, in a case that also involved Uhuru Kenyatta, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Muthaura" title="Francis Muthaura">Francis Muthaura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kosgey" title="Henry Kosgey">Henry Kosgey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Major_General_Mohammed_Hussein_Ali" class="mw-redirect" title="Major General Mohammed Hussein Ali">Major General Mohammed Hussein Ali</a>.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> Ruto told the US government that the Kiambaa church fire on 1 January 2008 after the <a href="/wiki/2007_Kenyan_general_election" title="2007 Kenyan general election">2007 general election</a> was accidental.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> In 2009 the Waki Commission report stated that "the incident which captured the attention of both Kenyans and the world was a deliberate burning of live people, mostly Kikuyu women, and children huddled together in a church" in Kiambaa on 1 January 2008.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> In April 2016, the International Criminal Court abandoned the prosecution of Ruto.<a href="#cite_note-theguardian1-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Home_attack">Home attack</h3></div> On 28 July 2017, Ruto's home was targeted by at least one attacker armed with a machete, and the police officer on duty guarding the residence was injured.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> During the time of the attack, he and his family were not at the compound as he had left hours earlier for a campaign rally in <a href="/wiki/Kitale" title="Kitale">Kitale</a>. There were reports of gunfire and several security sources said the attack was staged by multiple people. Police initially thought there were a few attackers because the attacker used different firearms.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> Around 48 hours later, Kenya Police chief Joseph Boinnet announced that the attacker had been shot dead and the situation was under control.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div> Ruto is married to <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Ruto" title="Rachel Ruto">Rachel Chebet</a>. They first lived in <a href="/wiki/Dagoretti" title="Dagoretti">Dagoretti</a>, where they had their first child.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> They were married in 1991 at the <a href="/wiki/Africa_Inland_Mission" title="Africa Inland Mission">Africa Inland Church</a>.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> They currently have six children. Ruto is an <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">evangelical Christian</a> and a member of the <a href="/wiki/Africa_Inland_Mission" title="Africa Inland Mission">Africa Inland Church</a>.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> Ruto owns a chicken farm in his home village of Sugoi, which was originally inspired by his stint as a chicken hawker on the Nairobi-Eldoret-Malaba highway.<a href="#cite_note-auto6-113">[113]</a> Ruto and his wife built a chapel in their compound at their residence in the Karen suburb of Nairobi.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours,_awards_and_recognition">Honours, awards and recognition</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_honours">National honours</h3></div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_Golden_Heart_of_Kenya.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Order_of_the_Golden_Heart_of_Kenya.svg/70px-Order_of_the_Golden_Heart_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Order_of_the_Golden_Heart_of_Kenya.svg/105px-Order_of_the_Golden_Heart_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Order_of_the_Golden_Heart_of_Kenya.svg/140px-Order_of_the_Golden_Heart_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Order_of_the_Golden_Heart_of_Kenya" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of the Order of the Golden Heart of Kenya">Chief of the Order of the Golden Heart of Kenya</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_honours">Foreign honours</h3></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;"> <tbody><tr> <th width="60px">Year </th> <th>Country </th> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Order_(honour)" class="mw-redirect" title="Order (honour)">Order</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2023 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_Green_Crescent_of_Comoros_-_ribbon_bar.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Order_of_the_Green_Crescent_of_Comoros_-_ribbon_bar.png/80px-Order_of_the_Green_Crescent_of_Comoros_-_ribbon_bar.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Order_of_the_Green_Crescent_of_Comoros_-_ribbon_bar.png/120px-Order_of_the_Green_Crescent_of_Comoros_-_ribbon_bar.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Order_of_the_Green_Crescent_of_Comoros_-_ribbon_bar.png/160px-Order_of_the_Green_Crescent_of_Comoros_-_ribbon_bar.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td> <td>Order of the Green Crescent of the Comoros (Grand Cross)<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2024 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbon_bar_of_the_Order_of_the_Star_of_Ghana.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Ribbon_bar_of_the_Order_of_the_Star_of_Ghana.gif/80px-Ribbon_bar_of_the_Order_of_the_Star_of_Ghana.gif" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Ribbon_bar_of_the_Order_of_the_Star_of_Ghana.gif/120px-Ribbon_bar_of_the_Order_of_the_Star_of_Ghana.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Ribbon_bar_of_the_Order_of_the_Star_of_Ghana.gif/160px-Ribbon_bar_of_the_Order_of_the_Star_of_Ghana.gif 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Star_of_Ghana" title="Order of the Star of Ghana">Order of the Star of Ghana</a> (Companion)<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2024 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Medalha_Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Medalha_Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral.svg/80px-Medalha_Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Medalha_Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral.svg/120px-Medalha_Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Medalha_Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral.svg/160px-Medalha_Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral_Medal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amílcar Cabral Medal (page does not exist)">Amílcar Cabral Medal</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_William_Ruto" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidency of William Ruto">Presidency of William Ruto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Kenya" title="List of heads of state of Kenya">List of heads of state of Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Kenyan_general_election" title="2022 Kenyan general election">2022 Kenyan general election</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output 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.id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a 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Retrieved 28 July 2022. <q>United Democratic Alliance presidential candidate William Ruto was the only candidate who took part in the second tier of the debate, after his main rival, Raila Odinga, of the Azimio la Umoja-One Kenya coalition skipped.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Standard+%28Kenya%29&rft.atitle=Moderators+place+DP+William+Ruto+between+a+rock+and+a+hard+place+during+debate&rft.aulast=Owino&rft.aufirst=Winfrey&rft.au=Njeru%2C+Betty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.standardmedia.co.ke%2Farticle%2F2001451703%2Fmoderators-place-ruto-between-a-rock-and-a-hard-place-during-debate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Ruto" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBusariFelekeMadowo2022" class="citation news cs1">Busari, Stephanie; Feleke, Bethlehem; Madowo, Larry (5 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2022/09/05/africa/supreme-court-kenya-elections-intl/index.html">"Kenya's top court confirms William Ruto's victory in presidential vote"</a>. 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Science. 306 (5700): 1273. 19 November 2004. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.306.5700.1273c">10.1126/science.306.5700.1273c</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8075">0036-8075</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:150515547">150515547</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=U.K.+Court+Orders+Animal-Rights+Activists+to+Stand+Off&rft.volume=306&rft.issue=5700&rft.pages=1273&rft.date=2004-11-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A150515547%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0036-8075&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.306.5700.1273c&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1126%2Fscience.306.5700.1273c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Ruto" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://allafrica.com/stories/201103071351.html">Ruto explains Kiambaa</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110310003447/http://allafrica.com/stories/201103071351.html">Archived</a> 10 March 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Wikileaks </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1570-6664_iyb_sim_person_53255">"Ruto, William Samoei arap"</a>. 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BBC News. 29 July 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190511182431/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-40764446">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2019. Retrieved 21 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kenya+Deputy+President+Ruto%27s+home+entered+by+knifeman&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.date=2017-07-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-40764446&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Ruto" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nation.co.ke/news/Police-sent--William-Ruto-home-attacker-/1056-4037948-14tyu68z/index.html">"More police sent to fight attacker at DP Ruto's home"</a>. 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Retrieved 11 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=State+House&rft.atitle=PRESIDENT+RUTO+AWARDED+GHANA%27S+HIGHEST+HONOUR&rft.date=2024-04-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.president.go.ke%2Fpresident-ruto-awarded-highest-honour%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Ruto" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/presidentesissoco/posts/pfbid0AHdna8eoeRaM1f7vLWkunDyD7rXT7mHHWe8bYC8iEVeCHLZYu5SXHRSF9HtimXvSl">"President of the Republic awards the Amílcar Cabral medal"</a>. Facebook. Presidência da República da Guiné-Bissau. 6 April 2024. Retrieved 11 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Facebook&rft.atitle=President+of+the+Republic+awards+the+Am%C3%ADlcar+Cabral+medal&rft.date=2024-04-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fpresidentesissoco%2Fposts%2Fpfbid0AHdna8eoeRaM1f7vLWkunDyD7rXT7mHHWe8bYC8iEVeCHLZYu5SXHRSF9HtimXvSl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Ruto" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:William_Ruto" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:William Ruto">William Ruto</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/2071872.stm">BBC News</a>, Kenya's political punch-up</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKahuraAkech2020" class="citation news cs1">Kahura, Dauti; Akech, Akoko (6 November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://africasacountry.com/2020/11/hustler-mentality">"Hustler mentality"</a>. africasacountry.com. Retrieved 17 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=africasacountry.com&rft.atitle=Hustler+mentality&rft.date=2020-11-06&rft.aulast=Kahura&rft.aufirst=Dauti&rft.au=Akech%2C+Akoko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fafricasacountry.com%2F2020%2F11%2Fhustler-mentality&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Ruto" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://williamsamoeiruto.com">William Ruto</a>, William Ruto – Profile and Biography</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.linkedin.com/feed/Gabriel">Mboche Obute</a>, Bottom up economic model</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?140273">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Kenya)" title="National Assembly (Kenya)">National Assembly (Kenya)</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Reuben Chesire</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Member of Parliament for <a href="/wiki/Eldoret_North_Constituency" title="Eldoret North Constituency">Eldoret North</a> 1998–2013 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;">Constituency abolished </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Saitoti" title="George Saitoti">George Saitoti</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Minister of Home Affairs 2002 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Moody Awori</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Kipruto_Rono_Arap_Kirwa" title="Kipruto Rono Arap Kirwa">Kipruto Rono Arap Kirwa</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_(Kenya)" title="Ministry of Agriculture (Kenya)">Minister of Agriculture</a> 2008–2010 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Margret Nyambura</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Kalonzo_Musyoka" title="Kalonzo Musyoka">Kalonzo Musyoka</a></div>as Vice President of Kenya </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Deputy_President_of_Kenya" title="Deputy President of Kenya">Deputy President of Kenya</a> 2013–2022 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Rigathi_Gachagua" title="Rigathi Gachagua">Rigathi Gachagua</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Uhuru_Kenyatta" title="Uhuru Kenyatta">Uhuru Kenyatta</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Kenya" title="President of Kenya">President of Kenya</a> 2022–present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Incumbent </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;">New alliance </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Jubilee_Alliance" title="Jubilee Alliance">Jubilee Alliance</a> nominee for Deputy President of Kenya <a href="/wiki/2013_Kenyan_general_election" title="2013 Kenyan general election">2013</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;">Alliance dissolved </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">New political party </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Jubilee_Party" title="Jubilee Party">Jubilee Party</a> nominee for Deputy President of Kenya <a href="/wiki/2017_Kenyan_general_election" title="2017 Kenyan general election">Aug. 2017</a>, <a href="/wiki/October_2017_Kenyan_presidential_election" title="October 2017 Kenyan presidential election">Oct. 2017</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Martha_Karua" title="Martha Karua">Martha Karua</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/United_Democratic_Alliance_(Kenya)" title="United Democratic Alliance (Kenya)">UDA</a> nominee for President of Kenya <a href="/wiki/2022_Kenyan_general_election" title="2022 Kenyan general election">2022</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Most recent </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;">New alliance </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Kenya_Kwanza" title="Kenya Kwanza">Kenya Kwanza</a> nominee for President of Kenya 2022 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output 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II">Elizabeth II</a> (<a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Kenya_(1963)" title="Constitution of Kenya (1963)">1963–1964</a>)</li></ul> </div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/60px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/90px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/120px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Kenya" title="President of Kenya">President of Kenya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div style="display:flex"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;flex:1;text-align:left;white-space:nowrap"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Jomo_Kenyatta" title="Jomo Kenyatta">Jomo Kenyatta</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Jomo_Kenyatta" title="Presidency of Jomo Kenyatta">1964–1978</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_arap_Moi" title="Daniel arap Moi">Daniel arap Moi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Daniel_Moi" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidency of Daniel Moi">1978–2002</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwai_Kibaki" title="Mwai Kibaki">Mwai Kibaki</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Mwai_Kibaki" title="Presidency of Mwai Kibaki">2002–2013</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uhuru_Kenyatta" title="Uhuru Kenyatta">Uhuru Kenyatta</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Uhuru_Kenyatta" title="Presidency of Uhuru Kenyatta">2013–2022</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">William Ruto</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_William_Ruto" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidency of William Ruto">2022–present</a>)</li></ol> </div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Current_members_of_the_Cabinet_of_Kenya82" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="4"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Current_Kenya_Cabinet" title="Template:Current Kenya Cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Current_Kenya_Cabinet" title="Template talk:Current Kenya Cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Current_Kenya_Cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Current Kenya Cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Current_members_of_the_Cabinet_of_Kenya82" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Current members of the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Kenya" title="Cabinet of Kenya">Cabinet of Kenya</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="4"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uhuru_Kenyatta" title="Uhuru Kenyatta">Uhuru Kenyatta</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">William Ruto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 2px 0 0"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/40px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/60px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/80px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></td><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Najib_Balala" title="Najib Balala">Balala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Keter" title="Charles Keter">Keter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Wainaina_Macharia" title="James Wainaina Macharia">Macharia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Matiang%27i" title="Fred Matiang'i">Matiang'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amina_Mohamed" title="Amina Mohamed">Mohamed, Amina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adan_Mohammed" title="Adan Mohammed">Mohammed, Adan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutahi_Kagwe" title="Mutahi Kagwe">Kagwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicily_Kariuki" title="Sicily Kariuki">Kariuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Kobia" title="Margaret Kobia">Kobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Munyes" title="John Munyes">Munyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Mutua" title="Alfred Mutua">Mutua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Wamalwa" title="Eugene Wamalwa">Wamalwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monica_Juma" title="Monica Juma">Juma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keriako_Tobiko" title="Keriako Tobiko">Tobiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_Tuju" title="Raphael Tuju">Tuju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Chelugui" title="Simon Chelugui">Chelugui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farida_Karoney" title="Farida Karoney">Karoney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukur_Yatani_Kanacho" title="Ukur Yatani Kanacho">Yatani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Munya" title="Peter Munya">Munya</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Kenya_(Official).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Coat_of_arms_of_Kenya_%28Official%29.svg/45px-Coat_of_arms_of_Kenya_%28Official%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Coat_of_arms_of_Kenya_%28Official%29.svg/68px-Coat_of_arms_of_Kenya_%28Official%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Coat_of_arms_of_Kenya_%28Official%29.svg/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_Kenya_%28Official%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="738" data-file-height="695" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Current_heads_of_state_of_republics264" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heads_of_state_of_republics" title="Template:Heads of state of republics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heads_of_state_of_republics" title="Template talk:Heads of state of republics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heads_of_state_of_republics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heads of state of republics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Current_heads_of_state_of_republics264" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_heads_of_state_and_government" title="List of current heads of state and government">Current heads of state of republics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria"><img alt="Algeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdelmadjid_Tebboune" title="Abdelmadjid Tebboune">Abdelmadjid Tebboune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola"><img alt="Angola" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/15px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/23px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/30px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Louren%C3%A7o" title="João Lourenço">João Lourenço</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin"><img alt="Benin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/15px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/23px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/30px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Patrice_Talon" title="Patrice Talon">Patrice Talon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana"><img alt="Botswana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/15px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/30px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Duma_Boko" title="Duma Boko">Duma Boko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso"><img alt="Burkina Faso" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/15px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/30px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Traor%C3%A9" title="Ibrahim Traoré">Ibrahim Traoré</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi"><img alt="Burundi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/15px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/30px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89variste_Ndayishimiye" title="Évariste Ndayishimiye">Évariste Ndayishimiye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon"><img alt="Cameroon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/15px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Biya" title="Paul Biya">Paul Biya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde"><img alt="Cape Verde" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/15px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Maria_Neves" title="José Maria Neves">José Maria Neves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic"><img alt="Central African Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Faustin-Archange_Touad%C3%A9ra" title="Faustin-Archange Touadéra">Faustin-Archange Touadéra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad"><img alt="Chad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/15px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/30px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mahamat_D%C3%A9by" title="Mahamat Déby">Mahamat Déby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros"><img alt="Comoros" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Azali_Assoumani" title="Azali Assoumani">Azali Assoumani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo"><img alt="Democratic Republic of the Congo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Tshisekedi" title="Félix Tshisekedi">Félix Tshisekedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo"><img alt="Republic of the Congo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Denis_Sassou_Nguesso" title="Denis Sassou Nguesso">Denis Sassou Nguesso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti"><img alt="Djibouti" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/15px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/30px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Isma%C3%AFl_Omar_Guelleh" title="Ismaïl Omar Guelleh">Ismaïl Omar Guelleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt"><img alt="Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/15px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/30px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi" title="Abdel Fattah el-Sisi">Abdel Fattah el-Sisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea"><img alt="Equatorial Guinea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/15px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/30px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Teodoro_Obiang_Nguema_Mbasogo" title="Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo">Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea"><img alt="Eritrea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/15px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/30px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Isaias_Afwerki" title="Isaias Afwerki">Isaias Afwerki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia"><img alt="Ethiopia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Taye_Atske_Selassie" title="Taye Atske Selassie">Taye Atske Selassie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon"><img alt="Gabon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/15px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/30px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Brice_Oligui_Nguema" title="Brice Oligui Nguema">Brice Oligui Nguema</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia"><img alt="The Gambia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/15px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/23px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/30px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Adama_Barrow" title="Adama Barrow">Adama Barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana"><img alt="Ghana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/15px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/John_Mahama" title="John Mahama">John Mahama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea"><img alt="Guinea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/15px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/30px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mamady_Doumbouya" title="Mamady Doumbouya">Mamady Doumbouya</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau"><img alt="Guinea-Bissau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/15px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/30px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Umaro_Sissoco_Embal%C3%B3" title="Umaro Sissoco Embaló">Umaro Sissoco Embaló</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast"><img alt="Ivory Coast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/15px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/23px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/30px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alassane_Ouattara" title="Alassane Ouattara">Alassane Ouattara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya"><img alt="Kenya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/15px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">William Ruto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia"><img alt="Liberia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Boakai" title="Joseph Boakai">Joseph Boakai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya"><img alt="Libya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/15px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/30px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_al-Menfi" title="Mohamed al-Menfi">Mohamed al-Menfi</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar"><img alt="Madagascar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/15px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/30px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Andry_Rajoelina" title="Andry Rajoelina">Andry Rajoelina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi"><img alt="Malawi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/15px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/30px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Chakwera" title="Lazarus Chakwera">Lazarus Chakwera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali"><img alt="Mali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/15px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/30px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Assimi_Go%C3%AFta" title="Assimi Goïta">Assimi Goïta</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania"><img alt="Mauritania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Ould_Ghazouani" title="Mohamed Ould Ghazouani">Mohamed Ould Ghazouani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius"><img alt="Mauritius" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/15px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/30px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dharam_Gokhool" title="Dharam Gokhool">Dharam Gokhool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique"><img alt="Mozambique" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/15px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/30px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Filipe_Nyusi" title="Filipe Nyusi">Filipe Nyusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia"><img alt="Namibia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nangolo_Mbumba" title="Nangolo Mbumba">Nangolo Mbumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger"><img alt="Niger" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/15px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/23px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/30px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdourahamane_Tchiani" title="Abdourahamane Tchiani">Abdourahamane Tchiani</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria"><img alt="Nigeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bola_Tinubu" title="Bola Tinubu">Bola Tinubu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda"><img alt="Rwanda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/15px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/30px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Kagame" title="Paul Kagame">Paul Kagame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic"><img alt="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Brahim_Ghali" title="Brahim Ghali">Brahim Ghali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe"><img alt="São Tomé and Príncipe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/15px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/23px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/30px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Vila_Nova" title="Carlos Vila Nova">Carlos Vila Nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal"><img alt="Senegal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/15px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/30px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bassirou_Diomaye_Faye" title="Bassirou Diomaye Faye">Bassirou Diomaye Faye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles"><img alt="Seychelles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/15px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/23px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/30px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Wavel_Ramkalawan" title="Wavel Ramkalawan">Wavel Ramkalawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone"><img alt="Sierra Leone" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/15px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Julius_Maada_Bio" title="Julius Maada Bio">Julius Maada Bio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia"><img alt="Somalia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hassan_Sheikh_Mohamud" title="Hassan Sheikh Mohamud">Hassan Sheikh Mohamud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland"><img alt="Somaliland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flag_of_Somaliland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Somaliland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flag_of_Somaliland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somaliland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flag_of_Somaliland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Somaliland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdirahman_Mohamed_Abdullahi" title="Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi">Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"><img alt="South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/15px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/30px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Cyril Ramaphosa">Cyril Ramaphosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan"><img alt="South Sudan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/15px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/30px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="570" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit">Salva Kiir Mayardit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan"><img alt="Sudan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Transitional_Sovereignty_Council" title="Transitional Sovereignty Council">Transitional Sovereignty Council</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania"><img alt="Tanzania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Samia_Suluhu_Hassan" title="Samia Suluhu Hassan">Samia Suluhu Hassan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo"><img alt="Togo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Faure_Gnassingb%C3%A9" title="Faure Gnassingbé">Faure Gnassingbé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia"><img alt="Tunisia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kais_Saied" title="Kais Saied">Kais Saied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda"><img alt="Uganda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/15px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/30px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Yoweri_Museveni" title="Yoweri Museveni">Yoweri Museveni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia"><img alt="Zambia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hakainde_Hichilema" title="Hakainde Hichilema">Hakainde Hichilema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe"><img alt="Zimbabwe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/15px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/30px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Emmerson_Mnangagwa" title="Emmerson Mnangagwa">Emmerson Mnangagwa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia"><img alt="Abkhazia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Badra_Gunba" title="Badra Gunba">Badra Gunba</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia"><img alt="Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Vahagn_Khachaturyan" title="Vahagn Khachaturyan">Vahagn Khachaturyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan"><img alt="Azerbaijan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ilham_Aliyev" title="Ilham Aliyev">Ilham Aliyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh"><img alt="Bangladesh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/15px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Shahabuddin" title="Mohammed Shahabuddin">Mohammed Shahabuddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timor-Leste" title="Timor-Leste"><img alt="Timor-Leste" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/15px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/23px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/30px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ramos-Horta" title="José Ramos-Horta">José Ramos-Horta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Salome_Zourabichvili" title="Salome Zourabichvili">Salome Zourabichvili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/15px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/30px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Droupadi_Murmu" title="Droupadi Murmu">Droupadi Murmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto" title="Prabowo Subianto">Prabowo Subianto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/15px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ali_Khamenei" title="Ali Khamenei">Ali Khamenei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq"><img alt="Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/15px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Latif_Rashid" title="Abdul Latif Rashid">Abdul Latif Rashid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/15px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/23px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/30px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Herzog" title="Isaac Herzog">Isaac Herzog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan"><img alt="Kazakhstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kassym-Jomart_Tokayev" title="Kassym-Jomart Tokayev">Kassym-Jomart Tokayev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan"><img alt="Kyrgyzstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sadyr_Japarov" title="Sadyr Japarov">Sadyr Japarov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos"><img alt="Laos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/15px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/30px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Thongloun_Sisoulith" title="Thongloun Sisoulith">Thongloun Sisoulith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon"><img alt="Lebanon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/15px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/30px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="1920" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Aoun" title="Joseph Aoun">Joseph Aoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives"><img alt="Maldives" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/15px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/23px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/30px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Muizzu" title="Mohamed Muizzu">Mohamed Muizzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia"><img alt="Mongolia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ukhnaagiin_Kh%C3%BCrels%C3%BCkh" title="Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh">Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar"><img alt="Myanmar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/15px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/30px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Min_Aung_Hlaing" title="Min Aung Hlaing">Min Aung Hlaing</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal"><img alt="Nepal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/15px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/30px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ram_Chandra_Poudel" title="Ram Chandra Poudel">Ram Chandra Poudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea"><img alt="North Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/15px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/30px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong_Un" title="Kim Jong Un">Kim Jong Un</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><img alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Asif_Ali_Zardari" title="Asif Ali Zardari">Asif Ali Zardari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine" title="Palestine"><img alt="Palestine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/15px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/30px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Bongbong Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore"><img alt="Singapore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/15px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/30px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tharman_Shanmugaratnam" title="Tharman Shanmugaratnam">Tharman Shanmugaratnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/15px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/30px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Choi_Sang-mok" title="Choi Sang-mok">Choi Sang-mok</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia"><img alt="South Ossetia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/15px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/30px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alan_Gagloev" title="Alan Gagloev">Alan Gagloev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka"><img alt="Sri Lanka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/15px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Anura_Kumara_Dissanayake" title="Anura Kumara Dissanayake">Anura Kumara Dissanayake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria"><img alt="Syria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_al-Sharaa" title="Ahmed al-Sharaa">Ahmed al-Sharaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan"><img alt="Taiwan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lai_Ching-te" title="Lai Ching-te">Lai Ching-te</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan"><img alt="Tajikistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="280" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Emomali_Rahmon" title="Emomali Rahmon">Emomali Rahmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan"><img alt="Turkmenistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Serdar_Berdimuhamedow" title="Serdar Berdimuhamedow">Serdar Berdimuhamedow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan"><img alt="Uzbekistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Shavkat_Mirziyoyev" title="Shavkat Mirziyoyev">Shavkat Mirziyoyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam"><img alt="Vietnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/15px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/30px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/L%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_C%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng" title="Lương Cường">Lương Cường</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen"><img alt="Yemen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/15px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/30px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Rashad_al-Alimi" title="Rashad al-Alimi">Rashad al-Alimi</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania"><img alt="Albania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bajram_Begaj" title="Bajram Begaj">Bajram Begaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Van_der_Bellen" title="Alexander Van der Bellen">Alexander Van der Bellen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/15px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Lukashenko" title="Alexander Lukashenko">Alexander Lukashenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina"><img alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/15px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Denis_Be%C4%87irovi%C4%87" title="Denis Bećirović">Denis Bećirović</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeljka_Cvijanovi%C4%87" title="Željka Cvijanović">Željka Cvijanović</a>, and <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeljko_Kom%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Željko Komšić">Željko Komšić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Rumen_Radev" title="Rumen Radev">Rumen Radev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Zoran_Milanovi%C4%87" title="Zoran Milanović">Zoran Milanović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/15px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nikos_Christodoulides" title="Nikos Christodoulides">Nikos Christodoulides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Petr_Pavel" title="Petr Pavel">Petr Pavel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alar_Karis" title="Alar Karis">Alar Karis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Stubb" title="Alexander Stubb">Alexander Stubb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/15px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/15px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Frank-Walter_Steinmeier" title="Frank-Walter Steinmeier">Frank-Walter Steinmeier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/15px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/30px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Katerina_Sakellaropoulou" title="Katerina Sakellaropoulou">Katerina Sakellaropoulou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/15px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/30px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tam%C3%A1s_Sulyok" title="Tamás Sulyok">Tamás Sulyok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland"><img alt="Iceland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Halla_T%C3%B3masd%C3%B3ttir" title="Halla Tómasdóttir">Halla Tómasdóttir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins">Michael D. Higgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/15px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Mattarella" title="Sergio Mattarella">Sergio Mattarella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo"><img alt="Kosovo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/15px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Vjosa_Osmani" title="Vjosa Osmani">Vjosa Osmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Edgars_Rink%C4%93vi%C4%8Ds" title="Edgars Rinkēvičs">Edgars Rinkēvičs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gitanas_Naus%C4%97da" title="Gitanas Nausėda">Gitanas Nausėda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta"><img alt="Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/15px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/30px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Myriam_Spiteri_Debono" title="Myriam Spiteri Debono">Myriam Spiteri Debono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova"><img alt="Moldova" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/15px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/30px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Maia_Sandu" title="Maia Sandu">Maia Sandu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro"><img alt="Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/15px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/30px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jakov_Milatovi%C4%87" title="Jakov Milatović">Jakov Milatović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><img alt="North Macedonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/15px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gordana_Siljanovska-Davkova" title="Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova">Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus"><img alt="Northern Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ersin_Tatar" title="Ersin Tatar">Ersin Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Duda" title="Andrzej Duda">Andrzej Duda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/15px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/30px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Rebelo_de_Sousa" title="Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa">Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ilie_Bolojan" title="Ilie Bolojan">Ilie Bolojan</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino"><img alt="San Marino" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/15px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/23px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/30px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Francesca_Civerchia" title="Francesca Civerchia">Francesca Civerchia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dalibor_Riccardi" title="Dalibor Riccardi">Dalibor Riccardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Vu%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Aleksandar Vučić">Aleksandar Vučić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Pellegrini" title="Peter Pellegrini">Peter Pellegrini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nata%C5%A1a_Pirc_Musar" title="Nataša Pirc Musar">Nataša Pirc Musar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Viola_Amherd" title="Viola Amherd">Viola Amherd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karin_Keller-Sutter" title="Karin Keller-Sutter">Karin Keller-Sutter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guy_Parmelin" title="Guy Parmelin">Guy Parmelin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ignazio_Cassis" title="Ignazio Cassis">Ignazio Cassis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_R%C3%B6sti" title="Albert Rösti">Albert Rösti</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Baume-Schneider" title="Élisabeth Baume-Schneider">Élisabeth Baume-Schneider</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Beat_Jans" title="Beat Jans">Beat Jans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria"><img alt="Transnistria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Vadim_Krasnoselsky" title="Vadim Krasnoselsky">Vadim Krasnoselsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/15px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/30px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/15px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados"><img alt="Barbados" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/15px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/23px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/30px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sandra_Mason" title="Sandra Mason">Sandra Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica"><img alt="Costa Rica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/15px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/30px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Chaves_Robles" title="Rodrigo Chaves Robles">Rodrigo Chaves Robles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba"><img alt="Cuba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/15px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Miguel_D%C3%ADaz-Canel" title="Miguel Díaz-Canel">Miguel Díaz-Canel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica"><img alt="Dominica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/15px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/30px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sylvanie_Burton" title="Sylvanie Burton">Sylvanie Burton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic"><img alt="Dominican Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luis_Abinader" title="Luis Abinader">Luis Abinader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador"><img alt="El Salvador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/15px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/30px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nayib_Bukele" title="Nayib Bukele">Nayib Bukele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala"><img alt="Guatemala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/15px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/30px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Ar%C3%A9valo" title="Bernardo Arévalo">Bernardo Arévalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti"><img alt="Haiti" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/15px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/30px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Transitional_Presidential_Council" title="Transitional Presidential Council">Transitional Presidential Council</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras"><img alt="Honduras" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/15px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/23px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/30px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Xiomara_Castro" title="Xiomara Castro">Xiomara Castro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/15px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/30px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Sheinbaum" title="Claudia Sheinbaum">Claudia Sheinbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua"><img alt="Nicaragua" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/15px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/30px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega">Daniel Ortega</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rosario_Murillo" title="Rosario Murillo">Rosario Murillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama"><img alt="Panama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/15px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/30px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ra%C3%BAl_Mulino" title="José Raúl Mulino">José Raúl Mulino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago"><img alt="Trinidad and Tobago" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/15px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/23px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/30px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Christine_Kangaloo" title="Christine Kangaloo">Christine Kangaloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/15px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/30px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Javier_Milei" title="Javier Milei">Javier Milei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia"><img alt="Bolivia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luis_Arce" title="Luis Arce">Luis Arce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/15px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/30px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile"><img alt="Chile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/15px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/30px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Boric" title="Gabriel Boric">Gabriel Boric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia"><img alt="Colombia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Petro" title="Gustavo Petro">Gustavo Petro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador"><img alt="Ecuador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/15px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Noboa" title="Daniel Noboa">Daniel Noboa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana"><img alt="Guyana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/15px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/30px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Irfaan_Ali" title="Irfaan Ali">Irfaan Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay"><img alt="Paraguay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/15px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/30px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Pe%C3%B1a" title="Santiago Peña">Santiago Peña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru"><img alt="Peru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/15px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/30px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dina_Boluarte" title="Dina Boluarte">Dina Boluarte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname"><img alt="Suriname" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/15px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/23px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/30px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Chan_Santokhi" title="Chan Santokhi">Chan Santokhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay"><img alt="Uruguay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/15px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/30px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luis_Lacalle_Pou" title="Luis Lacalle Pou">Luis Lacalle Pou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela"><img alt="Venezuela" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/15px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/30px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Nicolás Maduro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji"><img alt="Fiji" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/15px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/23px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/30px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Naiqama_Lalabalavu" title="Naiqama Lalabalavu">Naiqama Lalabalavu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati"><img alt="Kiribati" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kiribati.svg/15px-Flag_of_Kiribati.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kiribati.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kiribati.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kiribati.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kiribati.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Taneti_Maamau" title="Taneti Maamau">Taneti Maamau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands"><img alt="Marshall Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hilda_Heine" title="Hilda Heine">Hilda Heine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia"><img alt="Federated States of Micronesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Wesley_Simina" title="Wesley Simina">Wesley Simina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru"><img alt="Nauru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/15px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/30px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/David_Adeang" title="David Adeang">David Adeang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau"><img alt="Palau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Palau.svg/15px-Flag_of_Palau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Palau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Palau.svg/30px-Flag_of_Palau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Surangel_Whipps_Jr." title="Surangel Whipps Jr.">Surangel Whipps Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa"><img alt="Samoa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/15px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/23px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/30px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tuimaleali%CA%BBifano_Va%CA%BBaleto%CA%BBa_Sualauvi_II" title="Tuimalealiʻifano Vaʻaletoʻa Sualauvi II">Tuimalealiʻifano Vaʻaletoʻa Sualauvi II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu"><img alt="Vanuatu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/15px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/30px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nikenike_Vurobaravu" title="Nikenike Vurobaravu">Nikenike Vurobaravu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div>Asterisk (*) indicate an acting head of state · Italics indicate a head of state of non-UN member state</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Commonwealth_heads_of_government304" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Commonwealth_heads_of_government" title="Template:Commonwealth heads of government"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Commonwealth_heads_of_government" title="Template talk:Commonwealth heads of government"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Commonwealth_heads_of_government" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Commonwealth heads of government"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Commonwealth_heads_of_government304" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Commonwealth_heads_of_government" title="List of Commonwealth heads of government">Commonwealth heads of government</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_the_Commonwealth" title="Head of the Commonwealth">Head</a>: <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Secretary-General" title="Commonwealth Secretary-General">Secretary-General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Patricia_Scotland" title="Patricia Scotland">Patricia Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Chair-in-Office" title="Commonwealth Chair-in-Office">Chair-in-Office</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fiam%C4%93_Naomi_Mata%CA%BBafa" title="Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa">Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda"><img alt="Antigua and Barbuda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Browne" title="Gaston Browne">Browne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Albanese" title="Anthony Albanese">Albanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas"><img alt="The Bahamas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Philip_Davis_(Bahamian_politician)" title="Philip Davis (Bahamian politician)">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh"><img alt="Bangladesh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus" title="Muhammad Yunus">Yunus</a> (Acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados"><img alt="Barbados" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/23px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/35px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/45px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mia_Mottley" title="Mia Mottley">Mottley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize"><img alt="Belize" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Brice%C3%B1o" title="Johnny Briceño">Briceño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana"><img alt="Botswana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Duma_Boko" title="Duma Boko">Boko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei"><img alt="Brunei" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hassanal_Bolkiah" title="Hassanal Bolkiah">Bolkiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon"><img alt="Cameroon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Biya" title="Paul Biya">Biya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Trudeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nikos_Christodoulides" title="Nikos Christodoulides">Christodoulides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica"><img alt="Dominica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Skerrit" title="Roosevelt Skerrit">Skerrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini"><img alt="Eswatini" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/23px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/35px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/45px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Russell_Dlamini" title="Russell Dlamini">Dlamini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji"><img alt="Fiji" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/23px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/35px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/46px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sitiveni_Rabuka" title="Sitiveni Rabuka">Rabuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia"><img alt="The Gambia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/23px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/35px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/45px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Adama_Barrow" title="Adama Barrow">Barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana"><img alt="Ghana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/John_Mahama" title="John Mahama">Mahama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada"><img alt="Grenada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/23px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/46px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dickon_Mitchell" title="Dickon Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana"><img alt="Guyana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Irfaan_Ali" title="Irfaan Ali">Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica"><img alt="Jamaica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Holness" title="Andrew Holness">Holness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya"><img alt="Kenya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ruto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati"><img alt="Kiribati" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kiribati.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kiribati.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kiribati.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kiribati.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kiribati.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kiribati.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Taneti_Maamau" title="Taneti Maamau">Maamau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho"><img alt="Lesotho" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sam_Matekane" title="Sam Matekane">Matekane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi"><img alt="Malawi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Chakwera" title="Lazarus Chakwera">Chakwera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia"><img alt="Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives"><img alt="Maldives" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/23px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/35px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/45px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Muizzu" title="Mohamed Muizzu">Muizzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta"><img alt="Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Abela" title="Robert Abela">Abela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius"><img alt="Mauritius" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Navin_Ramgoolam" title="Navin Ramgoolam">Ramgoolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique"><img alt="Mozambique" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Chapo" title="Daniel Chapo">Chapo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia"><img alt="Namibia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nangolo_Mbumba" title="Nangolo Mbumba">Mbumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru"><img alt="Nauru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/David_Adeang" title="David Adeang">Adeang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand"><img alt="New Zealand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Luxon" title="Christopher Luxon">Luxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria"><img alt="Nigeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bola_Tinubu" title="Bola Tinubu">Tinubu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><img alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Shehbaz_Sharif" title="Shehbaz Sharif">Shehbaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea"><img alt="Papua New Guinea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/20px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/31px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/40px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a> <a href="/wiki/James_Marape" title="James Marape">Marape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda"><img alt="Rwanda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Kagame" title="Paul Kagame">Kagame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis"><img alt="Saint Kitts and Nevis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Terrance_Drew" title="Terrance Drew">Drew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia"><img alt="Saint Lucia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Philip_J._Pierre" title="Philip J. Pierre">Pierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines"><img alt="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Gonsalves" title="Ralph Gonsalves">Gonsalves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa"><img alt="Samoa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/23px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/35px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/46px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Fiam%C4%93_Naomi_Mata%CA%BBafa" title="Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa">Mataʻafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles"><img alt="Seychelles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/23px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/35px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/46px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Wavel_Ramkalawan" title="Wavel Ramkalawan">Ramkalawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone"><img alt="Sierra Leone" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/45px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Julius_Maada_Bio" title="Julius Maada Bio">Bio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore"><img alt="Singapore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Wong" title="Lawrence Wong">Wong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands"><img alt="Solomon Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Manele" title="Jeremiah Manele">Manele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"><img alt="South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Cyril Ramaphosa">Ramaphosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka"><img alt="Sri Lanka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Anura_Kumara_Dissanayake" title="Anura Kumara Dissanayake">Dissanayake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania"><img alt="Tanzania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Samia_Suluhu_Hassan" title="Samia Suluhu Hassan">Samia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo"><img alt="Togo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Faure_Gnassingb%C3%A9" title="Faure Gnassingbé">Gnassingbé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga"><img alt="Tonga" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%CA%BBAisake_Eke" title="ʻAisake Eke">Eke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago"><img alt="Trinidad and Tobago" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/23px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/35px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/46px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Keith_Rowley" title="Keith Rowley">Rowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu"><img alt="Tuvalu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Feleti_Teo" title="Feleti Teo">Teo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda"><img alt="Uganda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Yoweri_Museveni" title="Yoweri Museveni">Museveni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Starmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu"><img alt="Vanuatu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/46px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jotham_Napat" title="Jotham Napat">Napat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia"><img alt="Zambia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hakainde_Hichilema" title="Hakainde Hichilema">Hichilema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vice-presidents_of_Kenya" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vice-presidents of Kenya"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Vice-presidents_of_Kenya205" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_President_of_Kenya" title="Deputy President of Kenya">Vice-presidents of Kenya</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaramogi_Oginga_Odinga" title="Jaramogi Oginga Odinga">Jaramogi Oginga Odinga</a> <ul><li>1964−1965</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Murumbi" title="Joseph Murumbi">Joseph Murumbi</a> <ul><li>1965−1966</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_arap_Moi" title="Daniel arap Moi">Daniel arap Moi</a> <ul><li>1967−1978</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwai_Kibaki" title="Mwai Kibaki">Mwai Kibaki</a> <ul><li>1978−1988</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephat_Karanja" title="Josephat Karanja">Josephat Karanja</a> <ul><li>1988−1989</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Saitoti" title="George Saitoti">George Saitoti</a>* <ul><li>1989−1998</li> <li>1999−2002</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musalia_Mudavadi" title="Musalia Mudavadi">Musalia Mudavadi</a> <ul><li>2002</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kijana_Wamalwa" title="Michael Kijana Wamalwa">Michael Kijana Wamalwa</a> <ul><li>2003</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moody_Awori" title="Moody Awori">Moody Awori</a> <ul><li>2003−2008</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalonzo_Musyoka" title="Kalonzo Musyoka">Kalonzo Musyoka</a> <ul><li>2008−2013</li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">William Ruto</a>† <ul><li>2013−2022</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigathi_Gachagua" title="Rigathi Gachagua">Rigathi Gachagua</a> <ul><li>2022–2024</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/50px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/75px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/100px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>*post vacant 1998−1999, interrupting his term</li> <li>†post renamed to Deputy President in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Kenya" title="Constitution of Kenya">2010 Constitution of Kenya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:ICC_indictees_(NavBox)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:ICC indictees (NavBox)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="People_publicly_indicted_in_the_International_Criminal_Court1181" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_indicted_in_the_International_Criminal_Court" title="List of people indicted in the International Criminal Court">People publicly indicted in the International Criminal Court</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Italics and (*) indicate that a person was convicted by the ICC and that the conviction remains valid; a name in (parentheses) indicates that charges were dropped or a conviction was overturned; † indicates a person confirmed by the ICC as deceased before or during trial; (x) after a name indicates that the case was closed by the ICC because of a national-level trial of the accused</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central African Republic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Bemba" title="Jean-Pierre Bemba">Jean-Pierre Bemba</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noureddine_Adam" title="Noureddine Adam">Noureddine Adam</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Maxime_Mokom" title="Maxime Mokom">Maxime Mokom</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrice-Edouard_Nga%C3%AFssona" title="Patrice-Edouard Ngaïssona">Patrice-Edouard Ngaïssona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahamat_Said_Abdel_Kani" title="Mahamat Said Abdel Kani">Mahamat Said Abdel Kani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Yekatom" title="Alfred Yekatom">Alfred Yekatom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="International Criminal Court investigation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germain_Katanga" title="Germain Katanga">Germain Katanga</a> (*)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lubanga_Dyilo" title="Thomas Lubanga Dyilo">Thomas Lubanga Dyilo</a> (*)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Callixte_Mbarushimana" title="Callixte Mbarushimana">Callixte Mbarushimana</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvestre_Mudacumura" title="Sylvestre Mudacumura">Sylvestre Mudacumura</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Mathieu_Ngudjolo_Chui" title="Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui">Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosco_Ntaganda" title="Bosco Ntaganda">Bosco Ntaganda</a> (*)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Darfur" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Darfur">Darfur, Sudan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Bahr_Idriss_Abu_Garda" title="Bahr Idriss Abu Garda">Bahr Abu Garda</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_Banda" title="Abdallah Banda">Abdallah Banda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_al-Bashir" title="Omar al-Bashir">Omar al-Bashir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Haroun" title="Ahmed Haroun">Ahmed Haroun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Rahim_Mohammed_Hussein" title="Abdel Rahim Mohammed Hussein">Abdel Rahim Hussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saleh_Jerbo" title="Saleh Jerbo">Saleh Jerbo</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Kushayb" title="Ali Kushayb">Ali Kushayb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Georgia" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Georgia">Georgia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Sanakoev" title="David Sanakoev">David Sanakoev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Mindzaev" title="Mikhail Mindzaev">Mikhail Mindzaev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_Guchmazov" title="Hamlet Guchmazov">Hamlet Guchmazov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ivory Coast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bl%C3%A9_Goud%C3%A9" title="Charles Blé Goudé">Charles Blé Goudé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo" title="Laurent Gbagbo">Laurent Gbagbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_Gbagbo" title="Simone Gbagbo">Simone Gbagbo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Kenya" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Kenya">Kenya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Hussein_Ali" title="Mohammed Hussein Ali">Mohammed Ali</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Uhuru_Kenyatta" title="Uhuru Kenyatta">Uhuru Kenyatta</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Henry_Kosgey" title="Henry Kosgey">Henry Kosgey</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Francis_Muthaura" title="Francis Muthaura">Francis Muthaura</a>)</li> <li>(<a class="mw-selflink selflink">William Ruto</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Joshua_Sang" title="Joshua Sang">Joshua Sang</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gicheru" title="Paul Gicheru">Paul Gicheru</a>†</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Libya" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Libya">Libya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi" title="Saif al-Islam Gaddafi">Saif al-Islam Gaddafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Senussi" title="Abdullah Senussi">Abdullah Senussi</a> (x)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tohami_Khaled" title="Tohami Khaled">Tohami Khaled</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_al-Werfalli" title="Mahmoud al-Werfalli">Mahmoud al-Werfalli</a>†</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Mali" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Mali">Mali</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iyad_Ag_Ghaly" title="Iyad Ag Ghaly">Iyad Ag Ghaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Faqi_al-Mahdi" title="Ahmad al-Faqi al-Mahdi">Ahmad al-Faqi al-Mahdi</a> (*)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hassan_Ag_Abdoul_Aziz" title="Al-Hassan Ag Abdoul Aziz">al-Hassan Ag Abdoul Aziz</a> (*)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Palestine" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Palestine">Palestine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Deif" title="Mohammed Deif">Mohammed Deif</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoav_Gallant" title="Yoav Gallant">Yoav Gallant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Uganda" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Uganda">Uganda</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Kony" title="Joseph Kony">Joseph Kony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raska_Lukwiya" title="Raska Lukwiya">Raska Lukwiya</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okot_Odhiambo" title="Okot Odhiambo">Okot Odhiambo</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Ongwen" title="Dominic Ongwen">Dominic Ongwen</a> (*)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Otti" title="Vincent Otti">Vincent Otti</a>†</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Ukraine" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valery_Gerasimov" title="Valery Gerasimov">Valery Gerasimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Kobylash" title="Sergey Kobylash">Sergey Kobylash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Lvova-Belova" title="Maria Lvova-Belova">Maria Lvova-Belova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Shoigu" title="Sergei Shoigu">Sergei Shoigu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Sokolov_(naval_officer)" title="Viktor Sokolov (naval officer)">Viktor Sokolov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ministers_of_Agriculture_of_Kenya_22px106" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kenya-Ministers_of_Agriculture" title="Template:Kenya-Ministers of Agriculture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kenya-Ministers_of_Agriculture" title="Template talk:Kenya-Ministers of Agriculture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kenya-Ministers_of_Agriculture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kenya-Ministers of Agriculture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ministers_of_Agriculture_of_Kenya_22px106" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_(Kenya)" title="Ministry of Agriculture (Kenya)">Ministers of Agriculture</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Blundell" title="Michael Blundell">Michael Blundell</a> (1955–59)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_McKenzie" title="Bruce McKenzie">Bruce McKenzie</a> (1959–61)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Blundell" title="Michael Blundell">Michael Blundell</a> (1961–62)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfrid_Havelock" title="Wilfrid Havelock">Wilfrid Havelock</a> (1962–63)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_McKenzie" title="Bruce McKenzie">Bruce McKenzie</a> (1963–70)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_J.M._Nyagah" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeremiah J.M. Nyagah">Jeremiah J.M. Nyagah</a> (1971–79)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Kabere_M%27mbijiwe" title="Gilbert Kabere M'mbijiwe">Gilbert Kabere M'mbijiwe</a> (1980–82)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munyua_Waiyaki" title="Munyua Waiyaki">Munyua Waiyaki</a> (1982–84)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Odongo_Omamo" title="William Odongo Omamo">William Odongo Omamo</a> (1984–87)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_Mwangale" title="Elijah Mwangale">Elijah Mwangale</a> (1987–92)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_Nyachae" title="Simeon Nyachae">Simeon Nyachae</a> (1993–96)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darius_Msagha_Mbela" title="Darius Msagha Mbela">Darius Msagha Mbela</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musalia_Mudavadi" title="Musalia Mudavadi">Musalia Mudavadi</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Obure" title="Christopher Obure">Christopher Obure</a> (1999–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaya_Godana" title="Bonaya Godana">Bonaya Godana</a> (2001–02)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kipruto_Rono_Arap_Kirwa" title="Kipruto Rono Arap Kirwa">Kipruto Rono Arap Kirwa</a> (2003–07)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">William Ruto</a> (2008–10)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Kosgei" title="Sally Kosgei">Sally Kosgei</a> (2010–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Koskei" title="Felix Koskei">Felix Koskei</a> (2013–15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_Bett" title="Willy Bett">Willy Bett</a> (2015–18)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwangi_Kiunjuri" title="Mwangi Kiunjuri">Mwangi Kiunjuri</a> (2018–20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Munya" title="Peter Munya">Peter Munya</a> (2020–22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Linturi" title="Franklin Linturi">Franklin Linturi</a> (2022–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Kenya&#124;link=Kenya_Running_mates_in_the_2013_Kenyan_presidential_election181" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2013_presidential_running_mates,_Kenya" title="Template:2013 presidential running mates, Kenya"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2013_presidential_running_mates,_Kenya" title="Template talk:2013 presidential running mates, Kenya"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2013_presidential_running_mates,_Kenya" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2013 presidential running mates, Kenya"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Kenya&#124;link=Kenya_Running_mates_in_the_2013_Kenyan_presidential_election181" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya"><img alt="Kenya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Running mates in the <a href="/wiki/2013_Kenyan_general_election" title="2013 Kenyan general election">2013 Kenyan presidential election</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winnie_Kaburu" title="Winnie Kaburu">Winnie Kaburu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Ole_Kiyapi" class="mw-redirect" title="James Ole Kiyapi">James Ole Kiyapi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_Lotodo" title="Augustine Lotodo">Augustine Lotodo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Karua" title="Martha Karua">Martha Karua</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Odongo" title="Joshua Odongo">Joshua Odongo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Abduba_Dida" title="Mohammed Abduba Dida">Mohammed Abduba Dida</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Ngayu_Kioni" title="Jeremiah Ngayu Kioni">Jeremiah Ngayu Kioni</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musalia_Mudavadi" title="Musalia Mudavadi">Musalia Mudavadi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shem_Ochuodho" title="Shem Ochuodho">Shem Ochuodho</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Muite" title="Paul Muite">Paul Muite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Osumba" title="Ronald Osumba">Ronald Osumba</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kenneth" title="Peter Kenneth">Peter Kenneth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalonzo_Musyoka" title="Kalonzo Musyoka">Kalonzo Musyoka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raila_Odinga" title="Raila Odinga">Raila Odinga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">William Ruto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uhuru_Kenyatta" title="Uhuru Kenyatta">Uhuru Kenyatta</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q195725#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata846" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q195725#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata846" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q195725#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000036868953">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/73294209">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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