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stanford-page title string label-hidden"><h1>Projects</h1> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="jumpstart-ui--two-column flex-container centered-container"> <div class="left-region flex-lg-3-of-12"> <div class="menu-block main block block-menu navigation menu--main"> <h2 aria-hidden="true" class="visually-hidden" id="menu-blockmain-menu">Main navigation</h2> <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable su-skipnav su-skipnav--content">Skip Secondary Navigation</a> <nav class="su-secondary-nav--light su-secondary-nav su-secondary-nav--static no-js" aria-label="secondary menu"> <div id="secondary-navigation" tabindex="-1" class="visually-hidden focusable">Secondary Navigation</div> <ul class="su-secondary-nav__menu su-secondary-nav__menu-lv1"><li class="su-secondary-nav__item"><a class="su-secondary-nav__link" href="/projects/center-explanation-consciousness"> Center for the Explanation of Consciousness </a></li><li class="su-secondary-nav__item"><a class="su-secondary-nav__link" href="/projects/computational-semantics-lab"> Computational Semantics Lab </a></li><li class="su-secondary-nav__item"><a class="su-secondary-nav__link" href="/projects/language-and-natural-reasoning"> Language and Natural Reasoning </a></li><li class="su-secondary-nav__item"><a class="su-secondary-nav__link" href="/projects/logical-dynamics-lab"> Logical Dynamics Lab </a></li><li class="su-secondary-nav__item"><a class="su-secondary-nav__link" href="/projects/pragmatic-enrichment-contextual-interface-lab"> Pragmatic Enrichment & Contextual Interface Lab </a></li><li class="su-secondary-nav__item"><a class="su-secondary-nav__link" href="/projects/psychosemantics-lab"> Psychosemantics Lab </a></li><li class="su-secondary-nav__item"><a class="su-secondary-nav__link" href="/projects/metaphysics-research-lab"> The Metaphysics Research Lab </a></li><li class="su-secondary-nav__item"><a class="su-secondary-nav__link" href="/projects/openproof-project"> The Openproof Project </a></li></ul></nav> </div> </div> <div class="flex-lg-9-of-12 main-region"> <div class="jumpstart-ui-skipnav-main-anchor block-jumpstart-ui"> <div id="main-content" tabindex="-1" class="visually-hidden focusable">Main content start</div> </div> <div class="field-block node-stanford-page-su-page-components block-layout-builder"> <div class="node stanford-page su-page-components entity-reference-revisions label-hidden"> <div class="paragraph-item ptype-stanford-layout"> <div class="ptype-stanford-layout paragraph paragraph--type--stanford-layout paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="layout layout-paragraphs-two-column layout-paragraphs-two-column--50-50 layout--layout-paragraphs-two-column"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--main"> <div class="ptype-stanford-card"> <div class="ds-entity--paragraph ds-entity--stanford-card"> <div data-contextual-id="paragraph:root_parent_type=node&root_parent=361&paragraph=491:changed=1649876175&ds_bundle=stanford_card&ds_view_mode=default&langcode=en" data-contextual-token="31S-DD9uINWeaj2KhgkhXAlEknRLcYSps4Fg2cERbi0" data-drupal-ajax-container=""></div><div class="su-card "> <div class="media-entity-wrapper image"> <div class="media image field-media-image label-hidden"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/cecpic3_0.jpeg.webp?h=22d0129c&itok=-Ft7vTjQ 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/cecpic3_0.jpeg.webp?h=22d0129c&itok=G70wJog5 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="1192" height="596"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/cecpic3_0.jpeg.webp?h=22d0129c&itok=3vwvZwDH 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/cecpic3_0.jpeg.webp?h=22d0129c&itok=G70wJog5 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/cecpic3_0.jpeg.webp?h=22d0129c&itok=3vwvZwDH 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/cecpic3_0.jpeg.webp?h=22d0129c&itok=-Ft7vTjQ 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_478x239/public/media/image/cecpic3_0.jpeg.webp?h=22d0129c&itok=OFoCIoHi 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/cecpic3_0.jpeg.webp?h=22d0129c&itok=3vwvZwDH 2x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/webp" width="478" height="239"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/cecpic3_0.jpeg?h=22d0129c&itok=-Ft7vTjQ 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/cecpic3_0.jpeg?h=22d0129c&itok=G70wJog5 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1192" height="596"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/cecpic3_0.jpeg?h=22d0129c&itok=3vwvZwDH 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/cecpic3_0.jpeg?h=22d0129c&itok=G70wJog5 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/jpeg" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/cecpic3_0.jpeg?h=22d0129c&itok=3vwvZwDH 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/cecpic3_0.jpeg?h=22d0129c&itok=-Ft7vTjQ 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_478x239/public/media/image/cecpic3_0.jpeg?h=22d0129c&itok=OFoCIoHi 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/cecpic3_0.jpeg?h=22d0129c&itok=3vwvZwDH 2x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/jpeg" width="478" height="239"/> <img loading="lazy" width="1900" height="950" src="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/cecpic3_0.jpeg?h=22d0129c&itok=G70wJog5" alt="" /> </picture> </div> </div> <div class="su-card__contents"> <div class="su-card__superhead"></div> <p>The CEC is a research initiative at CSLI which is devoted to studying explanations of consciousness. The CEC hosts talks and symposia from a variety of viewpoints exploring the nature of conscious experience. We also sponsor reading groups during the term, led by faculty and graduate students.</p> <a href="/projects/center-explanation-consciousness" class="su-link su-card__link su-link--action"> Center for the Explanation of Consciousness </a> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--sidebar"> <div class="ptype-stanford-card"> <div class="ds-entity--paragraph ds-entity--stanford-card"> <div data-contextual-id="paragraph:root_parent_type=node&root_parent=361&paragraph=496:changed=1649876175&ds_bundle=stanford_card&ds_view_mode=default&langcode=en" data-contextual-token="u5lnsOy7i8W9O0N54FFH7zcxqYjuL1Rp_DE9-VQqleg" data-drupal-ajax-container=""></div><div class="su-card "> <div class="media-entity-wrapper image"> <div class="media image field-media-image label-hidden"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/109260488_0.jpeg.webp?h=22d0129c&itok=3wcK-r5j 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/109260488_0.jpeg.webp?h=22d0129c&itok=-f6OL8zA 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="1192" height="596"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/109260488_0.jpeg.webp?h=22d0129c&itok=8qf6DpoT 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/109260488_0.jpeg.webp?h=22d0129c&itok=-f6OL8zA 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/109260488_0.jpeg.webp?h=22d0129c&itok=8qf6DpoT 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/109260488_0.jpeg.webp?h=22d0129c&itok=3wcK-r5j 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_478x239/public/media/image/109260488_0.jpeg.webp?h=22d0129c&itok=9_2fscFU 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/109260488_0.jpeg.webp?h=22d0129c&itok=8qf6DpoT 2x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/webp" width="478" height="239"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/109260488_0.jpeg?h=22d0129c&itok=3wcK-r5j 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/109260488_0.jpeg?h=22d0129c&itok=-f6OL8zA 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1192" height="596"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/109260488_0.jpeg?h=22d0129c&itok=8qf6DpoT 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/109260488_0.jpeg?h=22d0129c&itok=-f6OL8zA 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/jpeg" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/109260488_0.jpeg?h=22d0129c&itok=8qf6DpoT 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/109260488_0.jpeg?h=22d0129c&itok=3wcK-r5j 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_478x239/public/media/image/109260488_0.jpeg?h=22d0129c&itok=9_2fscFU 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/109260488_0.jpeg?h=22d0129c&itok=8qf6DpoT 2x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/jpeg" width="478" height="239"/> <img loading="lazy" width="1900" height="950" src="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/109260488_0.jpeg?h=22d0129c&itok=-f6OL8zA" alt="" /> </picture> </div> </div> <div class="su-card__contents"> <div class="su-card__superhead"></div> <p>The Computational Semantics Laboratory works on research projects involving semantics -- the study of meaning -- at the intersection of linguistics and computer science. A unifying theme in the lab's research is an emphasis on the role of context in determining meaning. The lab has particular interest in theoretical models of communication, language, dialogue, computation, and inference which take into account the context in which these activities are occurring.</p> <a href="/projects/computational-semantics-lab" class="su-link su-card__link su-link--action"> Computational Semantics Lab </a> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph-item ptype-stanford-layout"> <div class="ptype-stanford-layout paragraph paragraph--type--stanford-layout paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="layout layout-paragraphs-two-column layout-paragraphs-two-column--50-50 layout--layout-paragraphs-two-column"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--main"> <div class="ptype-stanford-card"> <div class="ds-entity--paragraph ds-entity--stanford-card"> <div data-contextual-id="paragraph:root_parent_type=node&root_parent=361&paragraph=501:changed=1649876175&ds_bundle=stanford_card&ds_view_mode=default&langcode=en" data-contextual-token="PZuGUF84sNDX21XelCz37OOv_cxO2QCPqDIFNFzDNOk" data-drupal-ajax-container=""></div><div class="su-card "> <div class="su-card__contents"> <div class="su-card__superhead"></div> <p>Knowing what a text means involves drawing inferences based in the information in the text. Our group works on inferential properties of linguistic expressions to enable automated reasoning for NL understanding.</p> <p>Our group works on inferential properties of linguistic expressions to enable automated reasoning for NL understanding.</p> <p>We want to contribute to the theoretical understanding of how language and reasoning interact and to the computational modeling of such interactions.</p> <a href="/projects/language-and-natural-reasoning" class="su-link su-card__link su-link--action"> Language and Natural Reasoning </a> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--sidebar"> <div class="ptype-stanford-card"> <div class="ds-entity--paragraph ds-entity--stanford-card"> <div data-contextual-id="paragraph:root_parent_type=node&root_parent=361&paragraph=506:changed=1649876175&ds_bundle=stanford_card&ds_view_mode=default&langcode=en" data-contextual-token="qULUTNABjqKXiWrOLp-E42zMyULJH_S-HBLPb-DW0Wk" data-drupal-ajax-container=""></div><div class="su-card "> <div class="media-entity-wrapper image"> <div class="media image field-media-image label-hidden"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/122665137_0_0.jpeg.webp?h=22d0129c&itok=Z7XtI332 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/122665137_0_0.jpeg.webp?h=22d0129c&itok=J5qLddD4 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="1192" height="596"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/122665137_0_0.jpeg.webp?h=22d0129c&itok=LwWw3cJv 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/122665137_0_0.jpeg.webp?h=22d0129c&itok=J5qLddD4 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/122665137_0_0.jpeg.webp?h=22d0129c&itok=LwWw3cJv 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/122665137_0_0.jpeg.webp?h=22d0129c&itok=Z7XtI332 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_478x239/public/media/image/122665137_0_0.jpeg.webp?h=22d0129c&itok=n5B-xyQk 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/122665137_0_0.jpeg.webp?h=22d0129c&itok=LwWw3cJv 2x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/webp" width="478" height="239"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/122665137_0_0.jpeg?h=22d0129c&itok=Z7XtI332 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/122665137_0_0.jpeg?h=22d0129c&itok=J5qLddD4 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1192" height="596"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/122665137_0_0.jpeg?h=22d0129c&itok=LwWw3cJv 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/122665137_0_0.jpeg?h=22d0129c&itok=J5qLddD4 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/jpeg" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/122665137_0_0.jpeg?h=22d0129c&itok=LwWw3cJv 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/122665137_0_0.jpeg?h=22d0129c&itok=Z7XtI332 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_478x239/public/media/image/122665137_0_0.jpeg?h=22d0129c&itok=n5B-xyQk 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/122665137_0_0.jpeg?h=22d0129c&itok=LwWw3cJv 2x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/jpeg" width="478" height="239"/> <img loading="lazy" width="1900" height="950" src="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/122665137_0_0.jpeg?h=22d0129c&itok=J5qLddD4" alt="" /> </picture> </div> </div> <div class="su-card__contents"> <div class="su-card__superhead"></div> <p>The CSLI LinGO Lab is committed to the development of linguistically precise grammars based on the HPSG framework, and general-purpose tools for use in grammar engineering, profiling, parsing and generation. Early work in the CSLI LinGO Lab focused on the construction of a general-purpose grammar of English in the form of the English Resource Grammar (or ERG), and on further development of the LKB grammar engineering system. The LKB was also used at CSLI as the testbed for a number of teaching grammars and smaller-scale grammars for other languages including Japanese and Spanish.</p> <a href="/lingo-project" class="su-link su-card__link su-link--action"> LinGO Project </a> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph-item ptype-stanford-layout"> <div class="ptype-stanford-layout paragraph paragraph--type--stanford-layout paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="layout layout-paragraphs-two-column layout-paragraphs-two-column--50-50 layout--layout-paragraphs-two-column"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--main"> <div class="ptype-stanford-card"> <div class="ds-entity--paragraph ds-entity--stanford-card"> <div data-contextual-id="paragraph:root_parent_type=node&root_parent=361&paragraph=511:changed=1649876175&ds_bundle=stanford_card&ds_view_mode=default&langcode=en" data-contextual-token="7Hevy5WLcqF0-u_NbfEtZFDoRAJUSOppN0KH5MssBWo" data-drupal-ajax-container=""></div><div class="su-card "> <div class="media-entity-wrapper image"> <div class="media image field-media-image label-hidden"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/103398420_0.jpeg.webp?h=5401d012&itok=yNBDj2nW 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/103398420_0.jpeg.webp?h=5401d012&itok=MtP4Vxub 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="1192" height="596"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/103398420_0.jpeg.webp?h=5401d012&itok=zWjIN8yt 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/103398420_0.jpeg.webp?h=5401d012&itok=MtP4Vxub 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/103398420_0.jpeg.webp?h=5401d012&itok=zWjIN8yt 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/103398420_0.jpeg.webp?h=5401d012&itok=yNBDj2nW 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_478x239/public/media/image/103398420_0.jpeg.webp?h=5401d012&itok=NSgxDZTs 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/103398420_0.jpeg.webp?h=5401d012&itok=zWjIN8yt 2x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/webp" width="478" height="239"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/103398420_0.jpeg?h=5401d012&itok=yNBDj2nW 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/103398420_0.jpeg?h=5401d012&itok=MtP4Vxub 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1192" height="596"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/103398420_0.jpeg?h=5401d012&itok=zWjIN8yt 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/103398420_0.jpeg?h=5401d012&itok=MtP4Vxub 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/jpeg" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/103398420_0.jpeg?h=5401d012&itok=zWjIN8yt 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/103398420_0.jpeg?h=5401d012&itok=yNBDj2nW 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_478x239/public/media/image/103398420_0.jpeg?h=5401d012&itok=NSgxDZTs 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/103398420_0.jpeg?h=5401d012&itok=zWjIN8yt 2x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/jpeg" width="478" height="239"/> <img loading="lazy" width="1900" height="950" src="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/103398420_0.jpeg?h=5401d012&itok=MtP4Vxub" alt="" /> </picture> </div> </div> <div class="su-card__contents"> <div class="su-card__superhead"></div> <p>LDL research in logic covers a range from theory to applications, with an outreach interest to philosophy, computation and cognition. Current topics include information-driven agency, causal inference, reasoning in natural language, and interfaces of logic and probability.</p> <a href="/projects/logical-dynamics-lab" class="su-link su-card__link su-link--action"> Logical Dynamics Lab </a> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--sidebar"> <div class="ptype-stanford-card"> <div class="ds-entity--paragraph ds-entity--stanford-card"> <div data-contextual-id="paragraph:root_parent_type=node&root_parent=361&paragraph=516:changed=1649876175&ds_bundle=stanford_card&ds_view_mode=default&langcode=en" data-contextual-token="sqU9Nq2V9QL4HkzjPwFmrId2ruDUG6QJAMabB9tbZJM" data-drupal-ajax-container=""></div><div class="su-card "> <div class="media-entity-wrapper image"> <div class="media image field-media-image label-hidden"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/200437171-001_0.jpeg.webp?h=65ea4075&itok=WsBNY7Is 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/200437171-001_0.jpeg.webp?h=65ea4075&itok=Emt7O8eb 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="1192" height="596"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/200437171-001_0.jpeg.webp?h=65ea4075&itok=5JN9zZZT 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/200437171-001_0.jpeg.webp?h=65ea4075&itok=Emt7O8eb 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/200437171-001_0.jpeg.webp?h=65ea4075&itok=5JN9zZZT 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/200437171-001_0.jpeg.webp?h=65ea4075&itok=WsBNY7Is 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_478x239/public/media/image/200437171-001_0.jpeg.webp?h=65ea4075&itok=zI9LDBUt 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/200437171-001_0.jpeg.webp?h=65ea4075&itok=5JN9zZZT 2x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/webp" width="478" height="239"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/200437171-001_0.jpeg?h=65ea4075&itok=WsBNY7Is 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/200437171-001_0.jpeg?h=65ea4075&itok=Emt7O8eb 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1192" height="596"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/200437171-001_0.jpeg?h=65ea4075&itok=5JN9zZZT 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/200437171-001_0.jpeg?h=65ea4075&itok=Emt7O8eb 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/jpeg" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/200437171-001_0.jpeg?h=65ea4075&itok=5JN9zZZT 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/200437171-001_0.jpeg?h=65ea4075&itok=WsBNY7Is 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_478x239/public/media/image/200437171-001_0.jpeg?h=65ea4075&itok=zI9LDBUt 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/200437171-001_0.jpeg?h=65ea4075&itok=5JN9zZZT 2x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/jpeg" width="478" height="239"/> <img loading="lazy" width="1900" height="950" src="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/200437171-001_0.jpeg?h=65ea4075&itok=Emt7O8eb" alt="" /> </picture> </div> </div> <div class="su-card__contents"> <div class="su-card__superhead"></div> <a href="/projects/pragmatic-enrichment-contextual-interface-lab" class="su-link su-card__link su-link--action"> Pragmatic Enrichment & Contextual Interface Lab </a> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph-item ptype-stanford-layout"> <div class="ptype-stanford-layout paragraph paragraph--type--stanford-layout paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="layout layout-paragraphs-two-column layout-paragraphs-two-column--50-50 layout--layout-paragraphs-two-column"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--main"> <div class="ptype-stanford-card"> <div class="ds-entity--paragraph ds-entity--stanford-card"> <div data-contextual-id="paragraph:root_parent_type=node&root_parent=361&paragraph=521:changed=1649876175&ds_bundle=stanford_card&ds_view_mode=default&langcode=en" data-contextual-token="hWVVeo3zRSnuUR4387vdd5keAZZn3uNTquMweP_8v7s" data-drupal-ajax-container=""></div><div class="su-card "> <div class="media-entity-wrapper image"> <div class="media image field-media-image label-hidden"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/lablogo_0_0.png.webp?h=fbcce122&itok=B2r3G7HX 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/lablogo_0_0.png.webp?h=fbcce122&itok=IkhF-nQy 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="1192" height="596"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/lablogo_0_0.png.webp?h=fbcce122&itok=iNzug0jp 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/lablogo_0_0.png.webp?h=fbcce122&itok=IkhF-nQy 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/lablogo_0_0.png.webp?h=fbcce122&itok=iNzug0jp 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/lablogo_0_0.png.webp?h=fbcce122&itok=B2r3G7HX 2x" 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media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/png" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/lablogo_0_0.png?h=fbcce122&itok=iNzug0jp 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/lablogo_0_0.png?h=fbcce122&itok=B2r3G7HX 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/png" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_478x239/public/media/image/lablogo_0_0.png?h=fbcce122&itok=LniN0w37 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/lablogo_0_0.png?h=fbcce122&itok=iNzug0jp 2x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/png" width="478" height="239"/> <img loading="lazy" width="1900" height="950" src="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/lablogo_0_0.png?h=fbcce122&itok=IkhF-nQy" alt="" /> </picture> </div> </div> <div class="su-card__contents"> <div class="su-card__superhead"></div> <p>Dedicated to the study of linguistic meaning as a cognitive phenomenon, with particular attention to its connections with grammar, reasoning, and decision-making. Methods include web-based experiments, eye-tracking, and logical and computational models rooted in linguistics, cognitive science, and philosophy. </p> <a href="/projects/psychosemantics-lab" class="su-link su-card__link su-link--action"> Psychosemantics Lab </a> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--sidebar"> <div class="ptype-stanford-card"> <div class="ds-entity--paragraph ds-entity--stanford-card"> <div data-contextual-id="paragraph:root_parent_type=node&root_parent=361&paragraph=526:changed=1649876175&ds_bundle=stanford_card&ds_view_mode=default&langcode=en" data-contextual-token="u-NlxXJB4X57mtPx2-CNUHiZfp0MS7cqHuEi0FYLG18" data-drupal-ajax-container=""></div><div class="su-card "> <div class="media-entity-wrapper image"> <div class="media image field-media-image label-hidden"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/metaphysics-lab_0.png.webp?h=a94efa7a&itok=8D_Co1Rl 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/metaphysics-lab_0.png.webp?h=a94efa7a&itok=iEXG3nQh 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="1192" height="596"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/metaphysics-lab_0.png.webp?h=a94efa7a&itok=vIOT8-hC 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/metaphysics-lab_0.png.webp?h=a94efa7a&itok=iEXG3nQh 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/metaphysics-lab_0.png.webp?h=a94efa7a&itok=vIOT8-hC 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/metaphysics-lab_0.png.webp?h=a94efa7a&itok=8D_Co1Rl 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_478x239/public/media/image/metaphysics-lab_0.png.webp?h=a94efa7a&itok=DlJ9XSRz 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/metaphysics-lab_0.png.webp?h=a94efa7a&itok=vIOT8-hC 2x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/webp" width="478" height="239"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/metaphysics-lab_0.png?h=a94efa7a&itok=8D_Co1Rl 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/metaphysics-lab_0.png?h=a94efa7a&itok=iEXG3nQh 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/png" width="1192" height="596"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/metaphysics-lab_0.png?h=a94efa7a&itok=vIOT8-hC 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/metaphysics-lab_0.png?h=a94efa7a&itok=iEXG3nQh 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/png" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/metaphysics-lab_0.png?h=a94efa7a&itok=vIOT8-hC 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/metaphysics-lab_0.png?h=a94efa7a&itok=8D_Co1Rl 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/png" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_478x239/public/media/image/metaphysics-lab_0.png?h=a94efa7a&itok=DlJ9XSRz 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/metaphysics-lab_0.png?h=a94efa7a&itok=vIOT8-hC 2x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/png" width="478" height="239"/> <img loading="lazy" width="1900" height="950" src="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/metaphysics-lab_0.png?h=a94efa7a&itok=iEXG3nQh" alt="Metaphyscis Research Lab" /> </picture> </div> </div> <div class="su-card__contents"> <div class="su-card__superhead"></div> <p>The Metaphysics Research Lab consists of a group of researchers located around the world collaborating with Edward N. Zalta on the axiomatic theory of abstract objects.  This theory consists of principles that govern the abstract objects <em>presupposed</em> in the natural sciences, such as mathematical objects and relations, possible states, possible and future objects, etc.</p> <a href="/projects/metaphysics-research-lab" class="su-link su-card__link su-link--action"> The Metaphysics Research Lab </a> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph-item ptype-stanford-layout"> <div class="ptype-stanford-layout paragraph paragraph--type--stanford-layout paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="layout layout-paragraphs-two-column layout-paragraphs-two-column--50-50 layout--layout-paragraphs-two-column"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--main"> <div class="ptype-stanford-card"> <div class="ds-entity--paragraph ds-entity--stanford-card"> <div data-contextual-id="paragraph:root_parent_type=node&root_parent=361&paragraph=531:changed=1649876175&ds_bundle=stanford_card&ds_view_mode=default&langcode=en" data-contextual-token="hp2Lz7LW3wgDYvjdwzzJ7lVH5pG7W18FVCKs7bfdPgE" data-drupal-ajax-container=""></div><div class="su-card "> <div class="media-entity-wrapper image"> <div class="media image field-media-image label-hidden"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/openproof_0_1.png.webp?h=c60a5c13&itok=8zsA7I_z 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/openproof_0_1.png.webp?h=c60a5c13&itok=zcBH7GuB 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="1192" height="596"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/openproof_0_1.png.webp?h=c60a5c13&itok=phtu9Ab4 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/openproof_0_1.png.webp?h=c60a5c13&itok=zcBH7GuB 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/openproof_0_1.png.webp?h=c60a5c13&itok=phtu9Ab4 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/openproof_0_1.png.webp?h=c60a5c13&itok=8zsA7I_z 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_478x239/public/media/image/openproof_0_1.png.webp?h=c60a5c13&itok=R9D_pzpF 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/openproof_0_1.png.webp?h=c60a5c13&itok=phtu9Ab4 2x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/webp" width="478" height="239"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/openproof_0_1.png?h=c60a5c13&itok=8zsA7I_z 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/openproof_0_1.png?h=c60a5c13&itok=zcBH7GuB 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/png" width="1192" height="596"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/openproof_0_1.png?h=c60a5c13&itok=phtu9Ab4 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/openproof_0_1.png?h=c60a5c13&itok=zcBH7GuB 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/png" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/openproof_0_1.png?h=c60a5c13&itok=phtu9Ab4 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/openproof_0_1.png?h=c60a5c13&itok=8zsA7I_z 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/png" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_478x239/public/media/image/openproof_0_1.png?h=c60a5c13&itok=R9D_pzpF 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/openproof_0_1.png?h=c60a5c13&itok=phtu9Ab4 2x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/png" width="478" height="239"/> <img loading="lazy" width="1900" height="950" src="/sites/g/files/sbiybj24086/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/openproof_0_1.png?h=c60a5c13&itok=zcBH7GuB" alt="" /> </picture> </div> </div> <div class="su-card__contents"> <div class="su-card__superhead"></div> <p>The Openproof project at Stanford's Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI) is concerned with the application of software to problems in logic. Since the early 1980's we have been developing applications in logic education which are both innovative and effective. The development of these courseware packages has in turn informed and influenced our research agenda.</p> <a href="/projects/openproof-project" class="su-link su-card__link su-link--action"> The Openproof Project </a> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--sidebar"> <div class="ptype-stanford-spacer paragraph paragraph--type--stanford-spacer paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></section> </div> <button id="back-to-top"> <span class="fas fa-chevron-up"></span> Back to Top </button> </main> <footer id="footer"> <div class="su-global-footer "> <div class="su-global-footer__container"> <div class="su-global-footer__brand"> <a id="su-logo" class="su-logo " aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.stanford.edu">Stanford<br>University<span class="su-global-footer__link-a11y"> (link is external)</span> </a> </div> <div class="su-global-footer__content"> <nav aria-label="global footer menu"> <ul class="su-global-footer__menu su-global-footer__menu--global"> <li><a href="https://www.stanford.edu" rel="nofollow">Stanford Home<span class="su-global-footer__link-a11y"> (link is external)</span> </a></li> <li><a href="https://visit.stanford.edu/basics/" rel="nofollow">Maps & Directions<span class="su-global-footer__link-a11y"> (link is external)</span> </a></li> <li><a href="https://www.stanford.edu/search/" rel="nofollow">Search Stanford<span class="su-global-footer__link-a11y"> (link is external)</span> </a></li> <li><a href="https://emergency.stanford.edu" rel="nofollow">Emergency Info<span class="su-global-footer__link-a11y"> (link is external)</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul class="su-global-footer__menu su-global-footer__menu--policy"> <li><a href="https://www.stanford.edu/site/terms/" rel="nofollow" title="Terms of use for sites">Terms of Use<span class="su-global-footer__link-a11y"> (link is external)</span> </a></li> <li><a href="https://www.stanford.edu/site/privacy/" rel="nofollow" title="Privacy and cookie policy">Privacy<span class="su-global-footer__link-a11y"> (link is external)</span> </a></li> <li><a href="https://uit.stanford.edu/security/copyright-infringement" rel="nofollow" title="Report alleged copyright infringement">Copyright<span class="su-global-footer__link-a11y"> (link is external)</span> </a></li> <li><a href="https://adminguide.stanford.edu/chapter-1/subchapter-5/policy-1-5-4" rel="nofollow" title="Ownership and use of Stanford trademarks and images">Trademarks<span class="su-global-footer__link-a11y"> (link is external)</span> </a></li> <li><a href="https://non-discrimination.stanford.edu/" rel="nofollow" title="Non-discrimination policy">Non-Discrimination<span class="su-global-footer__link-a11y"> (link is external)</span> </a></li> <li><a href="https://www.stanford.edu/site/accessibility" rel="nofollow" title="Report web accessibility issues">Accessibility<span class="su-global-footer__link-a11y"> (link is external)</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div class="su-global-footer__copyright"> <span>© Stanford University.</span> <span>  Stanford, California 94305.</span> </div> </div> </div> </div>  </footer> </div> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/361","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"google_analytics":{"account":"G-BB4QM8Y547","trackOutbound":true,"trackMailto":true,"trackTel":true,"trackDownload":true,"trackDownloadExtensions":"7z|aac|arc|arj|asf|asx|avi|bin|csv|doc(x|m)?|dot(x|m)?|exe|flv|gif|gz|gzip|hqx|jar|jpe?g|js|mp(2|3|4|e?g)|mov(ie)?|msi|msp|pdf|phps|png|ppt(x|m)?|pot(x|m)?|pps(x|m)?|ppam|sld(x|m)?|thmx|qtm?|ra(m|r)?|sea|sit|tar|tgz|torrent|txt|wav|wma|wmv|wpd|xls(x|m|b)?|xlt(x|m)|xlam|xml|z|zip","trackColorbox":true},"data":{"extlink":{"extTarget":false,"extTargetNoOverride":false,"extNofollow":false,"extNoreferrer":false,"extFollowNoOverride":false,"extClass":"su-link su-link--external","extLabel":" (link is external)","extImgClass":false,"extSubdomains":false,"extExclude":"","extInclude":"","extCssExclude":".localist-widget, #lclst_widget_footer, .oembed-lazyload__button","extCssExplicit":"#page-content, .su-local-footer","extAlert":false,"extAlertText":"This link will take you to an external web site. 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