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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Municipalities_of_Caria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Municipalities_of_Caria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Municipalities of Caria</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Municipalities_of_Caria-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Municipalities of Caria subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Municipalities_of_Caria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Coastal_Caria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coastal_Caria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Coastal Caria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coastal_Caria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inland_Caria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inland_Caria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Inland Caria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inland_Caria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bronze_Age" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bronze_Age"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Bronze Age</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bronze_Age-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iron_Age" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iron_Age"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Iron Age</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iron_Age-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Greek_settlement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greek_settlement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Greek settlement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greek_settlement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lydian_province" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lydian_province"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Lydian province</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lydian_province-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Persian_satrapy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Persian_satrapy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Persian satrapy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Persian_satrapy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hellenistic_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hellenistic_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.4</span> <span>Hellenistic period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hellenistic_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roman-Byzantine_province" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman-Byzantine_province"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Roman-Byzantine province</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman-Byzantine_province-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dissolution_under_the_Byzantine_Empire_and_passage_to_Turkish_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dissolution_under_the_Byzantine_Empire_and_passage_to_Turkish_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Dissolution under the Byzantine Empire and passage to Turkish rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dissolution_under_the_Byzantine_Empire_and_passage_to_Turkish_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archaeology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archaeology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Archaeology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archaeology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Caria</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 51 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kari%C3%AB" title="Karië – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Karië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_(%D8%A5%D9%82%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85)" title="كاريا (إقليم) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كاريا (إقليم)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kariya" title="Kariya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kariya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Карыя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Карыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Кария – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кария" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karia" title="Karia – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Karia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A0ria" title="Cària – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cària" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1rie" title="Kárie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kárie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caria" title="Caria – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Caria" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karien" title="Karien – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Karien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karien" title="Karien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Karien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaaria" title="Kaaria – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kaaria" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Καρία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καρία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caria" title="Caria – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Caria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kario_(lando)" title="Kario (lando) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kario (lando)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karia" title="Karia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Karia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87" title="کاریه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کاریه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carie_(Antiquit%C3%A9)" title="Carie (Antiquité) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Carie (Antiquité)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caria" title="Caria – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Caria" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84" title="카리아 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카리아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Կարիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կարիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karija" title="Karija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Karija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karia" title="Karia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Karia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caria" title="Caria – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Caria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94" title="קאריה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קאריה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="კარია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კარია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caria" title="Caria – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Caria" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karija" title="Karija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Karija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karija_(Ma%C5%BEoji_Azija)" title="Karija (Mažoji Azija) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Karija (Mažoji Azija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1ria" title="Kária – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kária" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="करिया – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="करिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kari%C3%AB" title="Karië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Karië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2" title="カリア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カリア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karia" title="Karia – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Karia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kariya" title="Kariya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kariya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karia" title="Karia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Karia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1ria" title="Cária – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cária" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caria" title="Caria – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Caria" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Кария – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кария" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1ria" title="Kária – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kária" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karija" title="Karija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Karija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karija" title="Karija – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Karija" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karija" title="Karija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Karija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaaria" title="Kaaria – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kaaria" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karien" title="Karien – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Karien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="காரியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காரியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karya" title="Karya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Karya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Карія (регіон) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Карія (регіон)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کاریا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کاریا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caria" title="Caria – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Caria" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A" title="卡里亚 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="卡里亚" 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title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Caria&params=37.5_N_28_E_dim:200km"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°30′N</span> <span class="longitude">28°00′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.5°N 28.0°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.5; 28.0</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Region of ancient Asia-Minor</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Caria_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Caria (disambiguation)">Caria (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox geography"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#DEB887;">Caria (Καρία)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Ancient region of Anatolia</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DALYAN-KAUNOS_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Theater in Caunos"><img alt="Theater in Caunos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/DALYAN-KAUNOS_-_panoramio.jpg/300px-DALYAN-KAUNOS_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/DALYAN-KAUNOS_-_panoramio.jpg/450px-DALYAN-KAUNOS_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/DALYAN-KAUNOS_-_panoramio.jpg/600px-DALYAN-KAUNOS_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Theater in <a href="/wiki/Kaunos" title="Kaunos">Kaunos</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data">Southwestern <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">State existed</th><td class="infobox-data">11th–6th century BC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Carian_language" title="Carian language">Carian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Biggest city</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Halicarnassus" title="Halicarnassus">Halicarnassus</a><br />(modern-day <a href="/wiki/Bodrum" title="Bodrum">Bodrum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mu%C4%9Fla_Province" title="Muğla Province">Muğla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Roman_provinces" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman provinces">Roman province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Asia_(Roman_province)" title="Asia (Roman province)">Asia</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caria_map_Asia_Minor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Caria_map_Asia_Minor.jpg/300px-Caria_map_Asia_Minor.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Caria_map_Asia_Minor.jpg/450px-Caria_map_Asia_Minor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Caria_map_Asia_Minor.jpg/600px-Caria_map_Asia_Minor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6167" data-file-height="4027" /></a><figcaption>Location of Caria within the classical regions of <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a>/<a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a></figcaption></figure></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Caria</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɛər/: 'are' in 'bare'">ɛər</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>; from <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: Καρία, <i>Karia</i>; <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Karya</i>) was a region of western <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> extending along the coast from mid-<a href="/wiki/Ionia" title="Ionia">Ionia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mycale" title="Mycale">Mycale</a>) south to <a href="/wiki/Lycia" title="Lycia">Lycia</a> and east to <a href="/wiki/Phrygia" title="Phrygia">Phrygia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Carians" title="Carians">Carians</a> were described by <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a> as being Anatolian mainlanders and they called themselves Caria because of the name of their king.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He reports the Carians themselves maintained that they were Anatolian mainlanders intensely engaged in <a href="/wiki/Seafaring" class="mw-redirect" title="Seafaring">seafaring</a> and were akin to the <a href="/wiki/Mysians" title="Mysians">Mysians</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lydians" title="Lydians">Lydians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Carians spoke <a href="/wiki/Carian_language" title="Carian language">Carian</a>, a native <a href="/wiki/Anatolian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatolian language">Anatolian language</a> closely related to <a href="/wiki/Luwian_language" title="Luwian language">Luwian</a>. Also closely associated with the Carians were the <a href="/wiki/Leleges" title="Leleges">Leleges</a>, which could be an earlier name for Carians. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Municipalities_of_Caria">Municipalities of Caria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caria&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Municipalities of Caria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_maussolleion_model_dsc02711-miniaturk_nevit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/The_maussolleion_model_dsc02711-miniaturk_nevit.jpg/220px-The_maussolleion_model_dsc02711-miniaturk_nevit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/The_maussolleion_model_dsc02711-miniaturk_nevit.jpg/330px-The_maussolleion_model_dsc02711-miniaturk_nevit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/The_maussolleion_model_dsc02711-miniaturk_nevit.jpg/440px-The_maussolleion_model_dsc02711-miniaturk_nevit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus" title="Mausoleum at Halicarnassus">Mausoleum at Halicarnassus</a>, one of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_wonders_of_the_ancient_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven wonders of the ancient world">Seven wonders of the ancient world</a>, was built by Greek architects for the local Achaemenid <a href="/wiki/Satrap" title="Satrap">satrap</a> of Caria, <a href="/wiki/Mausolus" title="Mausolus">Mausolus</a> (Scale model)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Caria.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of ancient Caria showing cities" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Map_of_Caria.svg/250px-Map_of_Caria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Map_of_Caria.svg/375px-Map_of_Caria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Map_of_Caria.svg/500px-Map_of_Caria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="554" data-file-height="352" /></a><figcaption>Carian cities in white. This map depicts the current rivers and coastline and certain features have changed over the years, notably Miletus, Heracleia, and Myus were on the south side of a gulf and Priene on the north side; the river Maeander has since filled in the gulf. Also politically Telmessos, Miletus, and Kalynda were sometimes considered Carian and sometimes not</figcaption></figure> <p>Cramer's detailed catalog of Carian towns is based entirely on ancient sources.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The multiple names of towns and geomorphic features, such as bays and headlands, reveal an ethnic layering consistent with the known colonization. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coastal_Caria">Coastal Caria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caria&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Coastal Caria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Coastal Caria begins with <a href="/wiki/Didyma" title="Didyma">Didyma</a> south of <a href="/wiki/Miletus" title="Miletus">Miletus</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but Miletus had been placed in the pre-Ion Caria. South of it is the Iassicus Sinus (<a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCll%C3%BCk" title="Güllük">Güllük</a> Körfezi) and the towns of <a href="/wiki/Iasus,_Caria" class="mw-redirect" title="Iasus, Caria">Iassus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bargylia" title="Bargylia">Bargylia</a>, giving an alternative name of Bargyleticus Sinus to Güllük Körfezi, and nearby Cindye, which the Carians called <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andanus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andanus (page does not exist)">Andanus</a>. After Bargylia is <a href="/wiki/Caryanda" title="Caryanda">Caryanda</a> or Caryinda, and then on the <a href="/wiki/Bodrum" title="Bodrum">Bodrum</a> Peninsula <a href="/wiki/Myndus" title="Myndus">Myndus</a> (Mentecha or Muntecha), 56 miles (90 km) from Miletus. In the vicinity is Naziandus, exact location unknown. </p><p>On the tip of the Bodrum Peninsula (Cape Termerium) is Termera (Telmera, Termerea), and on the other side Ceramicus Sinus (<a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_G%C3%B6kova" title="Gulf of Gökova">Gökova Körfezi</a>). It "was formerly crowded with numerous towns."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Halicarnassus" title="Halicarnassus">Halicarnassus</a>, a Dorian Greek city, was planted there among six Carian towns: <a href="/wiki/Theangela" title="Theangela">Theangela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sibde" class="mw-redirect" title="Sibde">Sibde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medmasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Medmasa">Medmasa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Euranium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Euranium (page does not exist)">Euranium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pedasa" title="Pedasa">Pedasa</a> or Pedasum, and <a href="/wiki/Telmissus" class="mw-redirect" title="Telmissus">Telmissus</a>. These with Myndus and <a href="/wiki/Syangela" title="Syangela">Syangela</a> (or Syagela or Souagela) constitute the eight Lelege towns. Also on the north coast of the Ceramicus Sinus is <a href="/wiki/Ceramus" title="Ceramus">Ceramus</a> and Bargasus. </p><p>On the south of the Ceramicus Sinus is the Carian Chersonnese, or Triopium Promontory (<a href="/wiki/Cape_Krio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Krio">Cape Krio</a>), also called Doris after the <a href="/wiki/Dorians" title="Dorians">Dorian</a> colony of <a href="/wiki/Cnidus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cnidus">Cnidus</a>. At the base of the peninsula (<a href="/wiki/Dat%C3%A7a_Peninsula" title="Datça Peninsula">Datça Peninsula</a>) is Bybassus or Bybastus from which an earlier names, the Bybassia Chersonnese, had been derived. It was now Acanthus and Doulopolis ("slave city"). </p><p>South of the Carian Chersonnese is Doridis Sinus, the "Gulf of Doris" (Gulf of <a href="/wiki/Symi" title="Symi">Symi</a>), the locale of the Dorian Confederacy. There are three bays in it: Bubassius, <a href="/wiki/Thymnias" class="mw-redirect" title="Thymnias">Thymnias</a> and Schoenus, the last enclosing the town of Hyda. In the gulf somewhere are Euthene or Eutane, Pitaeum, and an island: <a href="/wiki/Elaeus" title="Elaeus">Elaeus</a> or Elaeussa near <a href="/wiki/Loryma" title="Loryma">Loryma</a>. On the south shore is the Cynossema, or Onugnathos Promontory, opposite <a href="/wiki/Symi" title="Symi">Symi</a>. </p><p>South of there is the <a href="/wiki/Rhodian_Peraea" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodian Peraea">Rhodian Peraea</a>, a section of the coast under <a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a>. It includes <a href="/wiki/Loryma" title="Loryma">Loryma</a> or Larymna in Oedimus Bay, Gelos, Tisanusa, the headland of Paridion, Panydon or Pandion (Cape Marmorice) with Physicus, <a href="/wiki/Amos_(ancient_city)" title="Amos (ancient city)">Amos</a>, Physca or Physcus, also called Cressa (<a href="/wiki/Marmaris" title="Marmaris">Marmaris</a>). Beyond Cressa is the Calbis River (<a href="/wiki/Dalyan" title="Dalyan">Dalyan</a> River). On the other side is <a href="/wiki/Kaunos" title="Kaunos">Caunus</a> (near Dalyan), with <a href="/wiki/Pisilis" title="Pisilis">Pisilis</a> or Pilisis and <a href="/wiki/Pyrnos" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyrnos">Pyrnos</a> between. </p><p>Then follow some cities that some assign to Lycia and some to Caria: <a href="/wiki/Calynda" title="Calynda">Calynda</a> on the Indus River, <a href="/wiki/Crya" title="Crya">Crya</a> and Alina in the Gulf of Glaucus (Katranci Bay or the Gulf of <a href="/wiki/Fethiye" title="Fethiye">Makri</a>), the Glaucus River being the border. Other Carian towns in the gulf are Clydae or Lydae and Aenus. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inland_Caria">Inland Caria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caria&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Inland Caria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Slab_from_the_Amazonomachy_frieze_from_the_Mausoleum_at_Halikarnassos,_Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus,_British_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Slab_from_the_Amazonomachy_frieze_from_the_Mausoleum_at_Halikarnassos%2C_Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus%2C_British_Museum.jpg/220px-Slab_from_the_Amazonomachy_frieze_from_the_Mausoleum_at_Halikarnassos%2C_Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus%2C_British_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Slab_from_the_Amazonomachy_frieze_from_the_Mausoleum_at_Halikarnassos%2C_Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus%2C_British_Museum.jpg/330px-Slab_from_the_Amazonomachy_frieze_from_the_Mausoleum_at_Halikarnassos%2C_Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus%2C_British_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Slab_from_the_Amazonomachy_frieze_from_the_Mausoleum_at_Halikarnassos%2C_Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus%2C_British_Museum.jpg/440px-Slab_from_the_Amazonomachy_frieze_from_the_Mausoleum_at_Halikarnassos%2C_Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus%2C_British_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1060" /></a><figcaption>Relief of an Amazonomachy from the Mausoleum at <a href="/wiki/Halicarnassus" title="Halicarnassus">Halicarnassus</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Unnamed_Road,_48220_Kultak-Milas-Mu%C4%9Fla,_Turkey_-_panoramio_(4).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Unnamed_Road%2C_48220_Kultak-Milas-Mu%C4%9Fla%2C_Turkey_-_panoramio_%284%29.jpg/220px-Unnamed_Road%2C_48220_Kultak-Milas-Mu%C4%9Fla%2C_Turkey_-_panoramio_%284%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Unnamed_Road%2C_48220_Kultak-Milas-Mu%C4%9Fla%2C_Turkey_-_panoramio_%284%29.jpg/330px-Unnamed_Road%2C_48220_Kultak-Milas-Mu%C4%9Fla%2C_Turkey_-_panoramio_%284%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Unnamed_Road%2C_48220_Kultak-Milas-Mu%C4%9Fla%2C_Turkey_-_panoramio_%284%29.jpg/440px-Unnamed_Road%2C_48220_Kultak-Milas-Mu%C4%9Fla%2C_Turkey_-_panoramio_%284%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3088" data-file-height="2056" /></a><figcaption>The coast of <a href="/wiki/Milas" title="Milas">Milas</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>At the base of the east end of <a href="/wiki/Latmus" class="mw-redirect" title="Latmus">Latmus</a> near <a href="/wiki/Euromus" title="Euromus">Euromus</a>, and near Milas where the current village <a href="/wiki/Selimiye,_Milas" title="Selimiye, Milas">Selimiye</a> is, was the district of Euromus or Eurome, possibly Europus, formerly Idrieus and Chrysaoris (<a href="/wiki/Stratonicea_(Caria)" title="Stratonicea (Caria)">Stratonicea</a>). The name Chrysaoris once applied to all of Caria;<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> moreover, Euromus was originally settled from <a href="/wiki/Lycia" title="Lycia">Lycia</a>. Its towns are Tauropolis, <a href="/wiki/Plarasa" title="Plarasa">Plarasa</a> and Chrysaoris. These were all incorporated later into <a href="/wiki/Mylasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mylasa">Mylasa</a>. Connected to the latter by a sacred way are <a href="/wiki/Labraunda" title="Labraunda">Labraunda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sinuri" title="Sinuri">Sinuri</a>. Around Stratonicea is also <a href="/wiki/Lagina" title="Lagina">Lagina</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Panamara" title="Panamara">Panamara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tendeba" title="Tendeba">Tendeba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Astragon_(Caria)" title="Astragon (Caria)">Astragon</a>. </p><p>Further inland towards <a href="/wiki/Ayd%C4%B1n" title="Aydın">Aydın</a> is <a href="/wiki/Alabanda" title="Alabanda">Alabanda</a>, noted for its <a href="/wiki/Marble" title="Marble">marble</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Scorpion" title="Scorpion">scorpions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orthosia_(Caria)" title="Orthosia (Caria)">Orthosia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coscinia_(city)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coscinia (city) (page does not exist)">Coscinia</a> or Coscinus on the upper <a href="/wiki/Maeander" class="mw-redirect" title="Maeander">Maeander</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alinda" title="Alinda">Alinda</a>. To the east is the religious centre <a href="/wiki/Hyllarima" title="Hyllarima">Hyllarima</a>. At the <a href="/wiki/Confluence" title="Confluence">confluence</a> of the Maeander and the Harpasus is <a href="/wiki/Harpasa" title="Harpasa">Harpasa</a> (Arpaz). At the confluence of the Maeander and the Orsinus, Corsymus or Corsynus is <a href="/wiki/Antioch_on_the_Maeander" title="Antioch on the Maeander">Antioch on the Maeander</a> and on the Orsinus in the mountains a border town with <a href="/wiki/Phrygia" title="Phrygia">Phrygia</a>, Gordiutichos ("Gordius' Fort") near <a href="/wiki/Geyre" title="Geyre">Geyre</a>. Founded by the <a href="/wiki/Leleges" title="Leleges">Leleges</a> and called Ninoe it became Megalopolis ("Big City") and <a href="/wiki/Aphrodisias" title="Aphrodisias">Aphrodisias</a>, sometime capital of Caria.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Other towns on the Orsinus are Timeles and Plarasa. <a href="/wiki/Tabae" title="Tabae">Tabae</a> was at various times attributed to Phrygia, Lydia and Caria and seems to have been occupied by mixed nationals. Caria also comprises the headwaters of the Indus and Eriya or Eriyus and Thabusion on the border with the small state of <a href="/wiki/Kibyra" class="mw-redirect" title="Kibyra">Cibyra</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caria&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_theatre_of_ancient_Halicarnassus,_built_in_the_4th_century_BC_during_the_reign_of_King_Mausolos_and_enlarged_in_the_2nd_century_AD,_the_original_capacity_of_the_theatre_was_10,000,_Bodrum,_Turkey_(16456817694).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/The_theatre_of_ancient_Halicarnassus%2C_built_in_the_4th_century_BC_during_the_reign_of_King_Mausolos_and_enlarged_in_the_2nd_century_AD%2C_the_original_capacity_of_the_theatre_was_10%2C000%2C_Bodrum%2C_Turkey_%2816456817694%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/The_theatre_of_ancient_Halicarnassus%2C_built_in_the_4th_century_BC_during_the_reign_of_King_Mausolos_and_enlarged_in_the_2nd_century_AD%2C_the_original_capacity_of_the_theatre_was_10%2C000%2C_Bodrum%2C_Turkey_%2816456817694%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/The_theatre_of_ancient_Halicarnassus%2C_built_in_the_4th_century_BC_during_the_reign_of_King_Mausolos_and_enlarged_in_the_2nd_century_AD%2C_the_original_capacity_of_the_theatre_was_10%2C000%2C_Bodrum%2C_Turkey_%2816456817694%29.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4817" data-file-height="3190" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Theatre_at_Halicarnassus" title="Theatre at Halicarnassus">Theatre at Halicarnassus</a> in Bodrum, with the <a href="/wiki/Bodrum_Castle" title="Bodrum Castle">Bodrum Castle</a> seen in the background.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Afrodisias_-_Sebasti%C3%B3n_-_Sebasteion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Afrodisias_-_Sebasti%C3%B3n_-_Sebasteion.jpg/220px-Afrodisias_-_Sebasti%C3%B3n_-_Sebasteion.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Afrodisias_-_Sebasti%C3%B3n_-_Sebasteion.jpg/330px-Afrodisias_-_Sebasti%C3%B3n_-_Sebasteion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Afrodisias_-_Sebasti%C3%B3n_-_Sebasteion.jpg/440px-Afrodisias_-_Sebasti%C3%B3n_-_Sebasteion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2432" /></a><figcaption>The Sebasteion of <a href="/wiki/Aphrodisias" title="Aphrodisias">Aphrodisias</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bronze_Age">Bronze Age</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caria&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bronze Age"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Karkiya" title="Karkiya">Karkiya</a></div> <p>Caria is often identified with the Bronze Age region of <i>Karkiya</i> (or <i>Karkisa</i>) known from Hittite texts, though this identification is uncertain.<sup id="cite_ref-herda46_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-herda46-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-steadman-bryce2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-steadman-bryce2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iron_Age">Iron Age</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caria&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Iron Age"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Greek_settlement">Greek settlement</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caria&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Greek settlement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Milas_Museum_4987.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Milas_Museum_4987.jpg/220px-Milas_Museum_4987.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Milas_Museum_4987.jpg/330px-Milas_Museum_4987.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Milas_Museum_4987.jpg/440px-Milas_Museum_4987.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Kylix" title="Kylix">kylix</a> found in <a href="/wiki/Milas" title="Milas">Milas</a> on display at <a href="/wiki/Milas_Museum" title="Milas Museum">Milas Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Caria was settled by Greek immigrants in the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Dark_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Dark Age">Early Iron Age</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. Their presence is attested by <a href="/wiki/Protogeometric_pottery" class="mw-redirect" title="Protogeometric pottery">protogeometric pottery</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> which appears in the area around 1100 BC, along with other markers of Greek material culture.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The coast of Caria was part of the <a href="/wiki/Doric_hexapolis" class="mw-redirect" title="Doric hexapolis">Doric hexapolis</a> ("six-cities").<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>An account also cited that <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a> claimed Caria, as a naval empire, occupied <a href="/wiki/Epidaurus" title="Epidaurus">Epidaurus</a> and Hermione and that this was confirmed when the Athenians discovered the graves of the dead from <a href="/wiki/Delos" title="Delos">Delos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Half of it were identified as Carians based on the characteristics of the weapons they were buried with.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lydian_province">Lydian province</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caria&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Lydian province"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The expansionism of <a href="/wiki/Lydia" title="Lydia">Lydia</a> under <a href="/wiki/Croesus" title="Croesus">Croesus</a> (560-546 BC) incorporated Caria briefly into Lydia before it fell before the Achaemenid advance. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Persian_satrapy">Persian satrapy</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caria&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Persian satrapy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SATRAPS_of_CARIA._Maussolos._Circa_377-6-353-2_BC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/SATRAPS_of_CARIA._Maussolos._Circa_377-6-353-2_BC.jpg/220px-SATRAPS_of_CARIA._Maussolos._Circa_377-6-353-2_BC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/SATRAPS_of_CARIA._Maussolos._Circa_377-6-353-2_BC.jpg/330px-SATRAPS_of_CARIA._Maussolos._Circa_377-6-353-2_BC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/SATRAPS_of_CARIA._Maussolos._Circa_377-6-353-2_BC.jpg/440px-SATRAPS_of_CARIA._Maussolos._Circa_377-6-353-2_BC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="383" /></a><figcaption>Coin of <a href="/wiki/Maussolos" class="mw-redirect" title="Maussolos">Maussolos</a> as Achaemenid Satrap of Caria. Circa 377/6-353/2 BC</figcaption></figure> <p>Caria was then incorporated into the Persian <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Satrap" title="Satrap">satrapy</a> (province) in 545 BC. The most important town was <a href="/wiki/Halicarnassus" title="Halicarnassus">Halicarnassus</a>, from where its sovereigns, the tyrants of the <a href="/wiki/Lygdamid_dynasty" title="Lygdamid dynasty">Lygdamid dynasty</a> (c.520-450 BC), reigned. Other major towns were <a href="/wiki/Latmus" class="mw-redirect" title="Latmus">Latmus, refounded as Heracleia under Latmus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antioch_on_the_Maeander" title="Antioch on the Maeander">Antiochia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myndus" title="Myndus">Myndus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denizli" title="Denizli">Laodicea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alinda_(Caria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alinda (Caria)">Alinda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alabanda" title="Alabanda">Alabanda</a>. Caria participated in the <a href="/wiki/Ionian_Revolt" title="Ionian Revolt">Ionian Revolt</a> (499–493 BC) against the Persian rule.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Artemisia_at_the_Battle_of_Salamis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Artemisia_at_the_Battle_of_Salamis.jpg/220px-Artemisia_at_the_Battle_of_Salamis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Artemisia_at_the_Battle_of_Salamis.jpg/330px-Artemisia_at_the_Battle_of_Salamis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Artemisia_at_the_Battle_of_Salamis.jpg/440px-Artemisia_at_the_Battle_of_Salamis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1740" data-file-height="2206" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Artemisia_I_of_Caria" title="Artemisia I of Caria">Artemisia</a>, Queen of <a href="/wiki/Halicarnassus" title="Halicarnassus">Halicarnassus</a>, and commander of the Carian contingent, at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Salamis" title="Battle of Salamis">Battle of Salamis</a>, 480 BC. <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Kaulbach" title="Wilhelm von Kaulbach">Wilhelm von Kaulbach</a><sup id="cite_ref-WVK_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WVK-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CARIA,_Achaemenid_Period._Circa_350-334_BC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/CARIA%2C_Achaemenid_Period._Circa_350-334_BC.jpg/220px-CARIA%2C_Achaemenid_Period._Circa_350-334_BC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/CARIA%2C_Achaemenid_Period._Circa_350-334_BC.jpg/330px-CARIA%2C_Achaemenid_Period._Circa_350-334_BC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/CARIA%2C_Achaemenid_Period._Circa_350-334_BC.jpg/440px-CARIA%2C_Achaemenid_Period._Circa_350-334_BC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="407" /></a><figcaption>Coin of Caria, Achaemenid Period. Circa 350-334 BC.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Xerxes_detail_Carian_soldier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Xerxes_detail_Carian_soldier.jpg/220px-Xerxes_detail_Carian_soldier.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="419" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Xerxes_detail_Carian_soldier.jpg/330px-Xerxes_detail_Carian_soldier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Xerxes_detail_Carian_soldier.jpg/440px-Xerxes_detail_Carian_soldier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="544" data-file-height="1035" /></a><figcaption>Carian soldier of the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_army" class="mw-redirect" title="Achaemenid army">Achaemenid army</a>, circa 480 BC. Relief on the tomb of <a href="/wiki/Xerxes_I" title="Xerxes I">Xerxes I</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece" title="Second Persian invasion of Greece">Second Persian invasion of Greece</a> (480-479 BC), the cities of Caria were allies of <a href="/wiki/Xerxes_I_of_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Xerxes I of Persia">Xerxes I</a> and they fought at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Artemisium" title="Battle of Artemisium">Battle of Artemisium</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Salamis" title="Battle of Salamis">Battle of Salamis</a>, where the Queen of <a href="/wiki/Halicarnassus" title="Halicarnassus">Halicarnassus</a> <a href="/wiki/Artemisia_I_of_Caria" title="Artemisia I of Caria">Artemisia</a> commanded the contingent of 70 Carian ships. <a href="/wiki/Themistocles" title="Themistocles">Themistocles</a>, before the battles of Artemisium and Salamis, tried to split the Ionians and Carians from the Persian coalition. He told them to come and be on his side or not to participate at the battles, but if they were bound down by too strong a compulsion to be able to make revolt, when the battles begin, to be purposely slack.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Plutarch in his work, The Parallel Lives, at The Life of Themistocles wrote that: "Phanias (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Φαινίας</span>), writes that the mother of Themistocles was not a <a href="/wiki/Thracian" class="mw-redirect" title="Thracian">Thracian</a>, but a Carian woman and her name was Euterpe (<span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Eυτέρπη</span></span>), and Neanthes (<span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Νεάνθης</span></span>) adds that she was from Halicarnassus in Caria.".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the unsuccessful Persian invasion of Greece in 479 BC, the cities of Caria became members of the Athenian-led <a href="/wiki/Delian_League" title="Delian League">Delian League</a>, but then returned to Achaemenid rule for about one century, from around 428 BC. Under Achaemenid rule, the Carian dynast <a href="/wiki/Mausolus" title="Mausolus">Mausolus</a> took control of neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Lycia" title="Lycia">Lycia</a>, a territory which was still held by <a href="/wiki/Pixodarus" title="Pixodarus">Pixodarus</a> as shown by the <a href="/wiki/Xanthos_trilingual_inscription" class="mw-redirect" title="Xanthos trilingual inscription">Xanthos trilingual inscription</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hellenistic_period">Hellenistic period</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caria&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Hellenistic period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Carians were incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedonian Empire">Macedonian Empire</a> following the conquests of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Halicarnassus" title="Siege of Halicarnassus">Siege of Halicarnassus</a> in 334 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_University_Press_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford_University_Press-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Halicarnassus was the location of the famed <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus" title="Mausoleum at Halicarnassus">Mausoleum</a> dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Mausolus" title="Mausolus">Mausolus</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Satrap" title="Satrap">satrap</a> of Caria between 377–353 BC, by his wife, <a href="/wiki/Artemisia_II_of_Caria" title="Artemisia II of Caria">Artemisia II of Caria</a>. The monument became one of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Wonders_of_the_Ancient_World" title="Seven Wonders of the Ancient World">Seven Wonders of the Ancient World</a>, and from which the Romans named any grand tomb a <i>mausoleum.</i> </p><p>Caria was conquered by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander III</a> <a href="/wiki/Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedon">of Macedon</a> in 334 BC with the help of the former queen of the land <a href="/wiki/Ada_of_Caria" title="Ada of Caria">Ada of Caria</a> who had been dethroned by the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Persian Empire</a> and actively helped Alexander in his conquest of Caria on condition of being reinstated as queen. After their capture of Caria, she declared Alexander as her heir.<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_University_Press_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford_University_Press-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roman-Byzantine_province">Roman-Byzantine province</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caria&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Roman-Byzantine province"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marble_head_of_a_goddess,_found_in_the_Hadrianic_Baths,_2nd_century_AD,_Aphrodisias_Museum_(16993498327).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Marble_head_of_a_goddess%2C_found_in_the_Hadrianic_Baths%2C_2nd_century_AD%2C_Aphrodisias_Museum_%2816993498327%29.jpg/220px-Marble_head_of_a_goddess%2C_found_in_the_Hadrianic_Baths%2C_2nd_century_AD%2C_Aphrodisias_Museum_%2816993498327%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Marble_head_of_a_goddess%2C_found_in_the_Hadrianic_Baths%2C_2nd_century_AD%2C_Aphrodisias_Museum_%2816993498327%29.jpg/330px-Marble_head_of_a_goddess%2C_found_in_the_Hadrianic_Baths%2C_2nd_century_AD%2C_Aphrodisias_Museum_%2816993498327%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Marble_head_of_a_goddess%2C_found_in_the_Hadrianic_Baths%2C_2nd_century_AD%2C_Aphrodisias_Museum_%2816993498327%29.jpg/440px-Marble_head_of_a_goddess%2C_found_in_the_Hadrianic_Baths%2C_2nd_century_AD%2C_Aphrodisias_Museum_%2816993498327%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3202" data-file-height="4829" /></a><figcaption>Marble head of a goddess, found in the Hadrianic Baths of <a href="/wiki/Aphrodisias" title="Aphrodisias">Aphrodisias</a>, 2nd century AD.</figcaption></figure> <p>As part of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> the name of Caria was still used for the geographic region. The territory administratively belonged to the province of <a href="/wiki/Asia_(Roman_province)" title="Asia (Roman province)">Asia</a>. During the administrative reforms of the 4th century this province was abolished and divided into smaller units. Caria became a separate province as part of the Diocese of Asia. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> was on the whole slow to take hold in Caria. The region was not visited by <a href="/wiki/St._Paul" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Paul">St. Paul</a>, and the only early churches seem to be those of <a href="/wiki/Laodicea_on_the_Lycus" title="Laodicea on the Lycus">Laodicea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Colossae" title="Colossae">Colossae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chonae" class="mw-redirect" title="Chonae">Chonae</a>) on the extreme inland fringe of the country, which itself pursued its <a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">pagan</a> customs. It appears that it was not until Christianity was officially adopted in <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> that the new religion made any real headway in Caria.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Temple_of_Zeus_Lepsinos_at_Euromus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/The_Temple_of_Zeus_Lepsinos_at_Euromus.jpg/220px-The_Temple_of_Zeus_Lepsinos_at_Euromus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/The_Temple_of_Zeus_Lepsinos_at_Euromus.jpg/330px-The_Temple_of_Zeus_Lepsinos_at_Euromus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/The_Temple_of_Zeus_Lepsinos_at_Euromus.jpg/440px-The_Temple_of_Zeus_Lepsinos_at_Euromus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1353" /></a><figcaption>The Temple of Zeus Lepsinos at <a href="/wiki/Euromus" title="Euromus">Euromus</a> was built on the site of an earlier Carian temple in the 2nd century AD during the reign of the emperor <a href="/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian">Hadrian</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dissolution_under_the_Byzantine_Empire_and_passage_to_Turkish_rule">Dissolution under the Byzantine Empire and passage to Turkish rule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caria&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Dissolution under the Byzantine Empire and passage to Turkish rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 7th century, Byzantine provinces were abolished and the new military <a href="/wiki/Theme_(Byzantine_administrative_unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theme (Byzantine administrative unit)">theme</a> system was introduced. The region corresponding to ancient Caria was captured by the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turks</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Mente%C5%9Fe_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Menteşe Dynasty">Menteşe Dynasty</a> in the early 13th century. </p><p>There are only indirect clues regarding the population structure under the Menteşe and the parts played in it by Turkish migration from inland regions and by local conversions. The first <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> census records indicate, in a situation not atypical for the region as a whole, a large <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Muslim</a> (practically exclusively Turkish) majority reaching as high as 99% and a non-Muslim minority (practically exclusively <a href="/wiki/Carian" class="mw-redirect" title="Carian">Carian</a> supplemented with a small <a href="/wiki/Jewish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish people">Jewish</a> community in Milas) as low as one per cent.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the first acts of the Ottomans after their takeover was to transfer the administrative center of the region from its millenary seat in Milas to the then much smaller <a href="/wiki/Mu%C4%9Fla" title="Muğla">Muğla</a>, which was nevertheless better suited for controlling the southern fringes of the province. Still named Menteşe until the early decades of the 20th century, the <a href="/wiki/Qadaa" class="mw-redirect" title="Qadaa">kazas</a> corresponding to ancient Caria are recorded by sources such as G. Sotiriadis (1918) and S. Anagiostopoulou (1997) as having a Greek population averaging at around ten per cent of the total, ranging somewhere between twelve and eighteen thousand, many of them reportedly recent immigrants from the islands. Most chose to leave in 1919, before the <a href="/wiki/Population_exchange_between_Greece_and_Turkey" title="Population exchange between Greece and Turkey">population exchange</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Archaeology">Archaeology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caria&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Archaeology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In July 2021, archaeologists led by Abuzer Kızıl have announced the discovery of two 2,500-year-old <a href="/wiki/Marble" title="Marble">marble</a> statues and an <a href="/wiki/Epigraphy" title="Epigraphy">inscription</a> during excavations at the Temple of Zeus Lepsynos in <a href="/wiki/Euromus" title="Euromus">Euromus</a>. According to Abuzer Kızıl, one of the statues was naked while other was wearing armor made of leather and a short skirt. Both of the statues were depicted with a lion in their hands.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caria&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_regions_of_Anatolia" title="Ancient regions of Anatolia">Ancient regions of Anatolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carians" title="Carians">Carians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carian_language" title="Carian language">Carian language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aphrodisias" title="Aphrodisias">Aphrodisias</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caria&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Caria"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Caria">"Caria" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Caria&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Histories</i>, Book I Section 171.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cramer (1832), pages 170-224.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Page 170.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Page 176.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-herda46-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-herda46_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerda2013" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herda, Alexander (2013). "Greek (and our) Views on the Karians". In Mouton, Alice; Rutherford, Ian; Yakubovich, Ilya (eds.). <i>Luwian Identities</i>. Brill. pp. <span class="nowrap">433–</span>434. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-25279-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-25279-0"><bdi>978-90-04-25279-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Greek+%28and+our%29+Views+on+the+Karians&rft.btitle=Luwian+Identities&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E433-%3C%2Fspan%3E434&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-90-04-25279-0&rft.aulast=Herda&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-steadman-bryce2-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-steadman-bryce2_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBryce2011" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Bryce, Trevor (2011). "The Late Bronze Age in the West and the Aegean". In Steadman, Sharon; McMahon, Gregory (eds.). <i>The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 372. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780195376142.013.0015">10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376142.013.0015</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Late+Bronze+Age+in+the+West+and+the+Aegean&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Ancient+Anatolia&rft.pages=372&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780195376142.013.0015&rft.aulast=Bryce&rft.aufirst=Trevor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnwin2017" class="citation book cs1">Unwin, Naomi Carless (2017). <i>Caria and Crete in Antiquity</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781107194175" title="Special:BookSources/9781107194175"><bdi>9781107194175</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Caria+and+Crete+in+Antiquity&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781107194175&rft.aulast=Unwin&rft.aufirst=Naomi+Carless&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerda2013" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herda, Alexander (2013). "Greek (and our) Views on the Karians". In Mouton, Alice; Rutherford, Ian; Yakubovich, Ilya (eds.). <i>Luwian Identities</i>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-25279-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-25279-0"><bdi>978-90-04-25279-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Greek+%28and+our%29+Views+on+the+Karians&rft.btitle=Luwian+Identities&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-90-04-25279-0&rft.aulast=Herda&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRidgeway2014" class="citation book cs1">Ridgeway, William (2014). <i>The Early Age of Greece, Volume I</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 269. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781107434585" title="Special:BookSources/9781107434585"><bdi>9781107434585</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Age+of+Greece%2C+Volume+I&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=269&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781107434585&rft.aulast=Ridgeway&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Herodotus Histories Book 5: Terpsichore</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WVK-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WVK_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">On the identification with Artemisia: "...Above the ships of the victorious Greeks, against which Artemisia, the Xerxes' ally, sends fleeing arrows...". Original German description of the painting: "Die neue Erfindung, welche Kaulbach für den neuen hohen Beschützer zu zeichnen gedachte, war wahrscheinlich "die Schlacht von Salamis“. Ueber den Schiffen der siegreichen Griechen, gegen welche Artemisia, des Xerxes Bundesgenossin, fliehend Pfeile sendet, sieht man in Wolken die beiden Ajaxe" in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DYpgAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA300">Altpreussische Monatsschrift Nene Folge p.300</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Herodotus Histories Book 8: Urania [19,22]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://classics.mit.edu/Plutarch/themisto.html">Themistocles By Plutarch</a> "Yet Phanias writes that the mother of Themistocles was not of Thrace, but of Caria, and that her name was not Abrotonon, but Euterpe; and Neanthes adds farther that she was of Halicarnassus in Caria."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oxford_University_Press-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_University_Press_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_University_Press_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGagarin2010" class="citation book cs1">Gagarin, Michael (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lNV6-HsUppsC&pg=RA1-PA53"><i>The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195170726" title="Special:BookSources/9780195170726"><bdi>9780195170726</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Encyclopedia+of+Ancient+Greece+and+Rome&rft.pages=53&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780195170726&rft.aulast=Gagarin&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlNV6-HsUppsC%26pg%3DRA1-PA53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBean2002" class="citation book cs1">Bean, George E. (2002). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turkeybeyondmaea0000bean"><i>Turkey beyond the Maeander</i></a></span>. London: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_A._Praeger" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick A. Praeger">Frederick A. Praeger</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87471-038-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-87471-038-3"><bdi>0-87471-038-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turkey+beyond+the+Maeander&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Frederick+A.+Praeger&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-87471-038-3&rft.aulast=Bean&rft.aufirst=George+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fturkeybeyondmaea0000bean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuhammet_Yazıcı2002" class="citation web cs1">Muhammet Yazıcı (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110304044123/http://bliss.mu.edu.tr/tezdb/51008.pdf">"XVI. Yüzyılda Batı Anadolu Bölgesinde (Muğla, İzmir, Aydın, Denizli) Türkmen Yerleşimi ve Demografik Dağılım (<i>Turkmen Settlement and the Demographic Distribution of Western Anatolia in the 16th century</i>), pp. 124-142 for Menteşe Subprovince"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Mu%C4%9Fla_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Muğla University">Muğla University</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bliss.mu.edu.tr/tezdb/51008.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 March 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=XVI.+Y%C3%BCzy%C4%B1lda+Bat%C4%B1+Anadolu+B%C3%B6lgesinde+%28Mu%C4%9Fla%2C+%C4%B0zmir%2C+Ayd%C4%B1n%2C+Denizli%29+T%C3%BCrkmen+Yerle%C5%9Fimi+ve+Demografik+Da%C4%9F%C4%B1l%C4%B1m+%28Turkmen+Settlement+and+the+Demographic+Distribution+of+Western+Anatolia+in+the+16th+century%29%2C+pp.+124-142+for+Mente%C5%9Fe+Subprovince&rft.pub=Mu%C4%9Fla+University&rft.date=2002&rft.au=Muhammet+Yaz%C4%B1c%C4%B1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbliss.mu.edu.tr%2Ftezdb%2F51008.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/2-500-year-old-statues-inscription-unearthed-in-western-turkey-166256">"2,500-year-old statues, inscription unearthed in western Turkey"</a>. <i>Hürriyet Daily News</i>. 13 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=H%C3%BCrriyet+Daily+News&rft.atitle=2%2C500-year-old+statues%2C+inscription+unearthed+in+western+Turkey&rft.date=2021-07-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyetdailynews.com%2F2-500-year-old-statues-inscription-unearthed-in-western-turkey-166256&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGershon" class="citation web cs1">Gershon, Livia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/2500-year-old-temple-aphrodite-found-turkey-180976694/">"Archaeologists in Turkey Unearth 2,500-Year-Old Temple of Aphrodite"</a>. <i>Smithsonian Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Magazine&rft.atitle=Archaeologists+in+Turkey+Unearth+2%2C500-Year-Old+Temple+of+Aphrodite&rft.aulast=Gershon&rft.aufirst=Livia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Fsmart-news%2F2500-year-old-temple-aphrodite-found-turkey-180976694%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aa.com.tr/en/culture/2-500-year-old-statues-inscription-unearthed-in-western-turkey/2301173">"2,500-year-old statues, inscription unearthed in western Turkey"</a>. <i>www.aa.com.tr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aa.com.tr&rft.atitle=2%2C500-year-old+statues%2C+inscription+unearthed+in+western+Turkey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aa.com.tr%2Fen%2Fculture%2F2-500-year-old-statues-inscription-unearthed-in-western-turkey%2F2301173&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caria&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBean1971" class="citation book cs1">Bean, George E. (1971). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turkeybeyondmaea0000bean"><i>Turkey beyond the Maeander</i></a></span>. London: Frederick A. Praeger. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87471-038-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-87471-038-3"><bdi>0-87471-038-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turkey+beyond+the+Maeander&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Frederick+A.+Praeger&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=0-87471-038-3&rft.aulast=Bean&rft.aufirst=George+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fturkeybeyondmaea0000bean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaria" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCramer1832" class="citation book cs1">Cramer, J.A. (1832). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ageographicalan11cramgoog"><i>Geographical and Historical Description of Asia Minor; with a Map: Volume II</i></a>. Oxford: University Press. Section X Caria.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geographical+and+Historical+Description+of+Asia+Minor%3B+with+a+Map%3A+Volume+II&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=Section+X+Caria&rft.pub=University+Press&rft.date=1832&rft.aulast=Cramer&rft.aufirst=J.A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fageographicalan11cramgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaria" class="Z3988"></span> Downloadable Google Books.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerodotus1910" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a> (1910) [original c. 440 BC]. <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:History of Herodotus"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/History_of_Herodotus"><i>History of Herodotus</i> </a></span>. Translated by <a href="/wiki/George_Rawlinson" title="George Rawlinson">George Rawlinson</a> – via <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Herodotus&rft.date=1910&rft.au=Herodotus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaria" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caria&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Wolfgang Blümel, <i>Inschriften aus Nordkarien</i> [Inscriptions from Northern Caria] (Bonn: Habelt, 2018); <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7749-4157-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7749-4157-1">978-3-7749-4157-1</a> (Inschriften griechischer Städte aus Kleinasien, 71).</li> <li>Riet van Bremen and Jan-Mathieu Carbon (ed.), <i>Hellenistic Karia: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Hellenistic Karia, Oxford, 29 June-2 July 2006</i> (Talence: Ausonius Editions, 2010). (Etudes, 28).</li> <li>Olivier Henry and Koray Konuk, (eds.), <i>KARIA ARKHAIA; La Carie, des origines à la période pré-hékatomnide</i> (Istanbul, 2019); <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-36245-078-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-36245-078-5">978-2-36245-078-5</a>.</li> <li>Lars Karlsson and Susanne Carlsson, <i>Labraunda and Karia</i> (Uppsala, 2011).</li> <li>Hans Lohmann, <i>Türme, Burgen und Compounds. Ein Beitrag zur Siedlungskunde von Karien</i> [Towers, castles and compounds. A contribution to the settlement history of Caria] (Bonn: Habelt, 2024); <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7749-4453-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7749-4453-4">978-3-7749-4453-4</a> (Asia Minor Studien, 105).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caria&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Caria" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Caria">Caria</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article "<span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Caria" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Caria">Caria</a></span>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livius.org/cao-caz/caria/caria.html">Livius.org: History and Culture of Ancient Caria</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150101024001/https://www.livius.org/cao-caz/caria/caria.html">Archived</a> 1 January 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hno.huma-num.fr/">Historia Numorum Online, Caria: ancient Greek coins from Caria</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asiaminorcoins.com/gallery/index.php?cat=15">Asia Minor Coins: ancient Greek and Roman coins from Caria</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/n.php?n=karia-the-garden-of-the-sun-2011-03-28">Ancient Caria: In the garden of the sun, CANAN KÜÇÜKEREN, Hürriyet Daily News, 28 March 2011</a></li></ul> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Caria&params=37.5_N_28_E_dim:200km"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°30′N</span> <span class="longitude">28°00′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.5°N 28.0°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.5; 28.0</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Turkey_timeline" title="Template:History of Turkey timeline"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Turkey_timeline" title="Template talk:History of Turkey timeline"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Turkey_timeline" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Turkey timeline"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_Anatolia23" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Anatolia" title="History of Anatolia">History of Anatolia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_1o82fhjc3wbovqwhy2kcjq20p6jp4tz"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Modern_Europe" coords="722,372,831,393" title="Modern Europe" alt="Modern Europe" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Early_Modern_Europe" coords="673,360,815,381" title="Early Modern Europe" alt="Early Modern Europe" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Crusades" coords="606,372,687,393" title="Crusades" alt="Crusades" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Islamic_conquest" coords="528,372,653,393" title="Islamic conquest" alt="Islamic conquest" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" coords="487,382,573,403" title="Byzantine Empire" alt="Byzantine Empire" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" coords="415,372,479,393" title="Ancient Rome" alt="Ancient Rome" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Hellenistic_Greece" 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title="Battle of Issus" alt="Battle of Issus" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pteria" coords="334,239,459,259" title="Battle of Pteria" alt="Battle of Pteria" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kadesh" coords="211,222,336,242" title="Battle of Kadesh" alt="Battle of Kadesh" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople" coords="670,222,829,242" title="Fall of Constantinople" alt="Fall of Constantinople" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_periods" coords="312,345,497,369" title="List of archaeological periods" alt="List of archaeological periods" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/History_of_Anatolia" coords="282,12,527,36" title="History of Anatolia" alt="History of Anatolia" /></map><img usemap="#timeline_1o82fhjc3wbovqwhy2kcjq20p6jp4tz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/1o82fhjc3wbovqwhy2kcjq20p6jp4tz.png" /></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Provinces_of_the_Achaemenid_Empire(Behistun_/_Persepolis_/_Naqsh-e_Rustam_/_Susa_/_Daeva_inscriptions)538" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Achaemenid_Provinces" title="Template:Achaemenid Provinces"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Achaemenid_Provinces" title="Template talk:Achaemenid Provinces"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Achaemenid_Provinces" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Achaemenid Provinces"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Provinces_of_the_Achaemenid_Empire(Behistun_/_Persepolis_/_Naqsh-e_Rustam_/_Susa_/_Daeva_inscriptions)538" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="plainlist" style="padding:0.1em;white-space:nowrap;"><ul style="line-height:1.2em;"><li>Provinces of the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a></li><li style="font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/wiki/Behistun_Inscription" title="Behistun Inscription">Behistun</a> / <a href="/wiki/Persepolis" title="Persepolis">Persepolis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Naqsh-e_Rustam" class="mw-redirect" title="Naqsh-e Rustam">Naqsh-e Rustam</a> / <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Darius_in_Susa" title="Palace of Darius in Susa">Susa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Daeva" title="Daeva">Daeva</a> inscriptions)</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;padding:0.25em;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Akaufaka (<a href="/wiki/Quhistan" title="Quhistan">Quhistan</a>?)</li> <li>Amyrgoi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Arabia" title="Achaemenid Arabia">Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arachosia" title="Arachosia">Arachosia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aria_(region)" title="Aria (region)">Aria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satrapy_of_Armenia" title="Satrapy of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Assyria" title="Achaemenid Assyria">Assyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylonia#Persian_Babylonia" title="Babylonia">Babylonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bactria_(satrapy)" title="Bactria (satrapy)">Bactria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappadocia_(satrapy)" title="Cappadocia (satrapy)">Cappadocia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Caria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmania_(region)" title="Carmania (region)">Carmania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorasmia_(satrapy)" title="Chorasmia (satrapy)">Chorasmia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cilicia_(satrapy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cilicia (satrapy)">Cilicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colchis" title="Colchis">Colchis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahae" title="Dahae">Dahae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drangiana" title="Drangiana">Drangiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-seventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt">1st Egypt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thirty-first_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt">2nd Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eber-Nari" title="Eber-Nari">Eber-Nari</a> (<a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elam" title="Elam">Elam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kush_(satrapy)" title="Kush (satrapy)">Kush</a> (Nubia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gand%C4%81ra" title="Gandāra">Gandāra</a> (Gandhara)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gedrosia_(satrapy)" title="Gedrosia (satrapy)">Gedrosia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyrcania" title="Hyrcania">Hyrcania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionia_(satrapy)" title="Ionia (satrapy)">Ionia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindush" title="Hindush">Hindush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya_(satrapy)" title="Libya (satrapy)">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_(satrapy)" title="Lydia (satrapy)">Lydia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maka_(satrapy)" title="Maka (satrapy)">Maka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margiana" title="Margiana">Margiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_(region)" title="Media (region)">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massagetae" title="Massagetae">Massagetae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthia" title="Parthia">Parthia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persis" title="Persis">Persis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Phoenicia" class="mw-redirect" title="Achaemenid Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygia" title="Phrygia">Phrygia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hellespontine_Phrygia" title="Hellespontine Phrygia">Hellespontine Phrygia</a></li> <li>Greater Phrygia</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saka" title="Saka">Saka</a></li> <li>Samaritan Province</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sattagydia" title="Sattagydia">Sattagydia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skudra" title="Skudra">Skudra (Thrace)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogdia" title="Sogdia">Sogdia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yehud_(Persian_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yehud (Persian province)">Yehud</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Achaemenid_Empire.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The principal Achaemenid satrapies, ~500 BC."><img alt="The principal Achaemenid satrapies, ~500 BC." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Map_of_the_Achaemenid_Empire.jpg/160px-Map_of_the_Achaemenid_Empire.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Map_of_the_Achaemenid_Empire.jpg/240px-Map_of_the_Achaemenid_Empire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Map_of_the_Achaemenid_Empire.jpg/320px-Map_of_the_Achaemenid_Empire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1314" data-file-height="635" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>See also <a href="/wiki/Taxation_districts_of_the_Achaemenid_Empire" title="Taxation districts of the Achaemenid Empire">Taxation districts of the Achaemenid Empire</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(according to <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a>)</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Late_Roman_and_early_Byzantine_provinces_(4th–7th_centuries_AD)660" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Late_Roman_and_Byzantine_provinces" title="Template:Late Roman and Byzantine provinces"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Late_Roman_and_Byzantine_provinces" title="Template talk:Late Roman and Byzantine provinces"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Late_Roman_and_Byzantine_provinces" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Late Roman and Byzantine provinces"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Late_Roman_and_early_Byzantine_provinces_(4th–7th_centuries_AD)660" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Late_Roman_provinces" title="List of Late Roman provinces">Late Roman and early Byzantine provinces</a> (4th–7th centuries AD)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History660" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">History</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">As found in the <i><a href="/wiki/Notitia_Dignitatum" title="Notitia Dignitatum">Notitia Dignitatum</a></i>. Provincial administration reformed and <a href="/wiki/Roman_diocese" title="Roman diocese">dioceses</a> established by <a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 293. Permanent <a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture" title="Praetorian prefecture">praetorian prefectures</a> established after the death of <a href="/wiki/Constantine_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine I">Constantine I</a>. Empire permanently partitioned after 395. Exarchates of <a href="/wiki/Exarchate_of_Ravenna" title="Exarchate of Ravenna">Ravenna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Exarchate_of_Africa" title="Exarchate of Africa">Africa</a> established after 584. After massive territorial losses in the 7th century, the remaining provinces were superseded by the <a href="/wiki/Theme_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Theme system">theme system</a> in c. 640–660, although in <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Asia Minor</a> and parts of Greece they survived under the themes until the early 9th century.</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Western_Roman_Empire_(395–476)660" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western Roman Empire</a> (395–476)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture_of_Gaul" title="Praetorian prefecture of Gaul">Praetorian prefecture<br />of Gaul</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Gaul" title="Diocese of Gaul">Diocese of Gaul</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpes_Poeninae_et_Graiae" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpes Poeninae et Graiae">Alpes Poeninae et Graiae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgica_Prima" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgica Prima">Belgica I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgica_Secunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgica Secunda">Belgica II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germania_Superior" title="Germania Superior">Germania I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germania_Inferior" title="Germania Inferior">Germania II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugdunensis_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Lugdunensis I">Lugdunensis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugdunensis_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Lugdunensis II">Lugdunensis II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugdunensis_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Lugdunensis III">Lugdunensis III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugdunensis_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Lugdunensis IV">Lugdunensis IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxima_Sequanorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Maxima Sequanorum">Maxima Sequanorum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Septem_Provinciae" title="Septem Provinciae">Diocese of Vienne</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpes_Maritimae" title="Alpes Maritimae">Alpes Maritimae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquitanica_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquitanica I">Aquitanica I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquitanica_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquitanica II">Aquitanica II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narbonensis_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Narbonensis I">Narbonensis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narbonensis_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Narbonensis II">Narbonensis II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novempopulania" title="Novempopulania">Novempopulania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viennensis" title="Viennensis">Viennensis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Spain">Diocese of Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispania_Baetica" title="Hispania Baetica">Baetica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispania_Balearica" title="Hispania Balearica">Balearica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispania_Carthaginensis" title="Hispania Carthaginensis">Carthaginensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallaecia" title="Gallaecia">Gallaecia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusitania" title="Lusitania">Lusitania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauretania_Tingitana" title="Mauretania Tingitana">Mauretania Tingitana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispania_Tarraconensis" title="Hispania Tarraconensis">Tarraconensis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_the_Britains" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of the Britains">Diocese of the Britains</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Britannia_Prima" title="Britannia Prima">Britannia I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britannia_Secunda" title="Britannia Secunda">Britannia II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavia_Caesariensis" title="Flavia Caesariensis">Flavia Caesariensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxima_Caesariensis" title="Maxima Caesariensis">Maxima Caesariensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentia_(Roman_Britain)" title="Valentia (Roman Britain)">Valentia (?)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture_of_Italy" title="Praetorian prefecture of Italy">Praetorian prefecture<br />of Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Suburbicarian_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Suburbicarian Italy">Diocese of Suburbicarian Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Apulia_and_Calabria" title="Province of Apulia and Calabria">Apulia et Calabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campania_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Campania (Roman province)">Campania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica">Corsica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucania_et_Bruttium" title="Lucania et Bruttium">Lucania et Bruttium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picenum" title="Picenum">Picenum Suburbicarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samnium" title="Samnium">Samnium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilia_(Roman_province)" title="Sicilia (Roman province)">Sicilia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuscia_et_Umbria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuscia et Umbria (page does not exist)">Tuscia et Umbria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valeria_Suburbicaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valeria Suburbicaria (page does not exist)">Valeria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Annonarian_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Annonarian Italy">Diocese of Annonarian Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpes_Cottiae" title="Alpes Cottiae">Alpes Cottiae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaminia_et_Picenum_Annonarium" class="mw-redirect" title="Flaminia et Picenum Annonarium">Flaminia et Picenum Annonarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liguria_(Roman_province)" title="Liguria (Roman province)">Liguria</a> et <a href="/wiki/Aemilia_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aemilia (Roman province)">Aemilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raetia_Prima" title="Raetia Prima">Raetia I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raetia_Secunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Raetia Secunda">Raetia II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetia_et_Histria" title="Venetia et Histria">Venetia et Histria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Africa" title="Diocese of Africa">Diocese of Africa</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_(Roman_province)" title="Africa (Roman province)">Africa proconsularis (Zeugitana)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzacena" title="Byzacena">Byzacena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauretania_Caesariensis" title="Mauretania Caesariensis">Mauretania Caesariensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauretania_Sitifensis" title="Mauretania Sitifensis">Mauretania Sitifensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numidia_(Roman_province)" title="Numidia (Roman province)">Numidia (divided as Cirtensis and Militiana during the Tetrarchy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripolitania_(Roman_province)" title="Tripolitania (Roman province)">Tripolitania (Roman province)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Eastern_Roman_Empire_(395–c._640)660" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Eastern Roman Empire</a> (395–c. 640)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture_of_Illyricum" title="Praetorian prefecture of Illyricum">Praetorian prefecture<br />of Illyricum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Pannonia" title="Diocese of Pannonia">Diocese of Pannonia</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dalmatia_(Roman_province)" title="Dalmatia (Roman province)">Dalmatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noricum_mediterraneum" class="mw-redirect" title="Noricum mediterraneum">Noricum mediterraneum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noricum_ripense" class="mw-redirect" title="Noricum ripense">Noricum ripense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonia_Prima" title="Pannonia Prima">Pannonia I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonia_Secunda" title="Pannonia Secunda">Pannonia II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonia_Savia" title="Pannonia Savia">Savia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valeria_ripensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Valeria ripensis">Valeria ripensis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Dacia" title="Diocese of Dacia">Diocese of Dacia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dacia_Mediterranea" title="Dacia Mediterranea">Dacia Mediterranea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacia_Ripensis" title="Dacia Ripensis">Dacia Ripensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dardania_(Roman_province)" title="Dardania (Roman province)">Dardania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moesia_Prima" title="Moesia Prima">Moesia I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praevalitana" title="Praevalitana">Praevalitana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Macedonia" title="Diocese of Macedonia">Diocese of Macedonia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achaea_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Achaea (Roman province)">Achaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Crete" title="Byzantine Crete">Creta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirus_Nova" class="mw-redirect" title="Epirus Nova">Epirus Nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirus_Vetus" class="mw-redirect" title="Epirus Vetus">Epirus Vetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_Prima" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedonia Prima">Macedonia Prima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_Secunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedonia Secunda">Macedonia II Salutaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thessalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Thessalia">Thessalia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture_of_the_East" title="Praetorian prefecture of the East">Praetorian prefecture<br />of the East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Thrace" title="Diocese of Thrace">Diocese of Thrace</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Europa_(Roman_province)" title="Europa (Roman province)">Europa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haemimontus" title="Haemimontus">Haemimontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moesia_Secunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Moesia Secunda">Moesia II</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodope_(province)" title="Rhodope (province)">Rhodope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scythia_Minor" title="Scythia Minor">Scythia</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracia" title="Thracia">Thracia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Asia" title="Diocese of Asia">Diocese of Asia</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia_(Roman_province)" title="Asia (Roman province)">Asia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Caria</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellespontus_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellespontus (province)">Hellespontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islands_(Roman_province)" title="Islands (Roman province)">Islands</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycaonia" title="Lycaonia">Lycaonia (370)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycia" title="Lycia">Lycia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia" title="Lydia">Lydia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamphylia" title="Pamphylia">Pamphylia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisidia" title="Pisidia">Pisidia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygia_Pacatiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Phrygia Pacatiana">Phrygia Pacatiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygia_Salutaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Phrygia Salutaris">Phrygia Salutaris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Pontus" title="Diocese of Pontus">Diocese of Pontus</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenia_Prima" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenia Prima">Armenia I</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia_Secunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenia Secunda">Armenia II</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia_Maior" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenia Maior">Armenia Maior</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Satrapies" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Satrapies">Armenian Satrapies</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenia III">Armenia III (536)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenia IV">Armenia IV (536)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bithynia" title="Bithynia">Bithynia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappadocia_Prima" class="mw-redirect" title="Cappadocia Prima">Cappadocia I</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappadocia_Secunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Cappadocia Secunda">Cappadocia II</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatia_Prima" class="mw-redirect" title="Galatia Prima">Galatia I</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatia_Secunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Galatia Secunda">Galatia II Salutaris</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helenopontus" class="mw-redirect" title="Helenopontus">Helenopontus</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorias" title="Honorias">Honorias</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paphlagonia" title="Paphlagonia">Paphlagonia</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontus_Polemoniacus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontus Polemoniacus">Pontus Polemoniacus</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_the_East" title="Diocese of the East">Diocese of the East</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabia_Petraea" title="Arabia Petraea">Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cilicia_Prima" class="mw-redirect" title="Cilicia Prima">Cilicia I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cilicia_Secunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Cilicia Secunda">Cilicia II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Cyprus" title="Roman Cyprus">Cyprus</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphratensis" title="Euphratensis">Euphratensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isauria" title="Isauria">Isauria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia_(Roman_province)" title="Mesopotamia (Roman province)">Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osroene_(Roman_province)" title="Osroene (Roman province)">Osroene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaestina_Prima" title="Palaestina Prima">Palaestina I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaestina_Secunda" title="Palaestina Secunda">Palaestina II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaestina_III_Salutaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Palaestina III Salutaris">Palaestina III Salutaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenice_Prima" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenice Prima">Phoenice I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenice_II_Libanensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenice II Libanensis">Phoenice II Libanensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_Prima" title="Syria Prima">Syria I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_II_Salutaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Syria II Salutaris">Syria II Salutaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodorias_(province)" title="Theodorias (province)">Theodorias (528)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Egypt" title="Diocese of Egypt">Diocese of Egypt</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegyptus_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Aegyptus I">Aegyptus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegyptus_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Aegyptus II">Aegyptus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcadia_Aegypti" title="Arcadia Aegypti">Arcadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustamnica_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustamnica I">Augustamnica I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustamnica_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustamnica II">Augustamnica II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya_Superior" class="mw-redirect" title="Libya Superior">Libya Superior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya_Inferior" class="mw-redirect" title="Libya Inferior">Libya Inferior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thebais_Superior" class="mw-redirect" title="Thebais Superior">Thebais Superior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thebais_Inferior" class="mw-redirect" title="Thebais Inferior">Thebais Inferior</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_territories660" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other territories</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taurica" class="mw-redirect" title="Taurica">Taurica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaestura_exercitus" title="Quaestura exercitus">Quaestura exercitus (536)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spania" title="Spania">Spania (552)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> Later the <a href="/wiki/Septem_Provinciae" title="Septem Provinciae">Septem Provinciae</a></li> <li><sup><small>2</small></sup> Re-established after <a href="/wiki/Vandalic_War" title="Vandalic War">reconquest</a> by the Eastern Empire in 534 as the separate <a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture_of_Africa" title="Praetorian prefecture of Africa">Prefecture of Africa</a></li> <li><sup><small>3</small></sup> Later the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Illyricum" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Illyricum">Diocese of Illyricum</a></li> <li><sup><small>4</small></sup> Placed under the <a href="/wiki/Quaestura_exercitus" title="Quaestura exercitus">Quaestura exercitus</a> in 536</li> <li><sup><small>5</small></sup> Affected (i.e. boundaries modified, abolished or renamed) by <a href="/wiki/Justinian_I" title="Justinian I">Justinian I</a>'s administrative reorganization in 534–536</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Historical_regions_of_Anatolia34" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:paleturquoise"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Historical_regions_of_Anatolia" title="Template:Historical regions of Anatolia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Historical_regions_of_Anatolia" title="Template talk:Historical regions of Anatolia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Historical_regions_of_Anatolia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Historical regions of Anatolia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Historical_regions_of_Anatolia34" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Historical regions of <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeolis" title="Aeolis">Aeolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bithynia" title="Bithynia">Bithynia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappadocia" title="Cappadocia">Cappadocia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Caria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cilicia" title="Cilicia">Cilicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doric_Hexapolis" title="Doric Hexapolis">Doris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatia" title="Galatia">Galatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionia" title="Ionia">Ionia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isauria" title="Isauria">Isauria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycaonia" title="Lycaonia">Lycaonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycia" title="Lycia">Lycia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia" title="Lydia">Lydia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysia" title="Mysia">Mysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamphylia" title="Pamphylia">Pamphylia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paphlagonia" title="Paphlagonia">Paphlagonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygia" title="Phrygia">Phrygia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisidia" title="Pisidia">Pisidia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontus_(region)" title="Pontus (region)">Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troad" title="Troad">Troad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ancient_kingdoms_of_Anatolia238" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ancient_kingdoms_in_Anatolia" title="Template:Ancient kingdoms in Anatolia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ancient_kingdoms_in_Anatolia" title="Template talk:Ancient kingdoms in Anatolia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient_kingdoms_in_Anatolia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient kingdoms in Anatolia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ancient_kingdoms_of_Anatolia238" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_kingdoms_of_Anatolia" title="List of ancient kingdoms of Anatolia">Ancient kingdoms of Anatolia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bronze Age</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achaeans_(Homer)#Hittite_documents" title="Achaeans (Homer)">Ahhiyawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arzawa" title="Arzawa">Arzawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assuwa" title="Assuwa">Assuwa League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carchemish" title="Carchemish">Carchemish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hapalla" title="Hapalla">Hapalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hattians" title="Hattians">Hatti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayasa-Azzi" title="Hayasa-Azzi">Hayasa-Azzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittites" title="Hittites">Hittite Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurrians" title="Hurrians">Hurrian States</a> (<a href="/wiki/Isuwa" title="Isuwa">Isuwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kizzuwatna" title="Kizzuwatna">Kizzuwatna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mitanni" title="Mitanni">Mitanni</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kala%C5%A1ma" title="Kalašma">Kalašma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaskians" title="Kaskians">Kaskia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kussara" title="Kussara">Kussara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukka_lands" title="Lukka lands">Lukka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luwians" title="Luwians">Luwia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miletus" title="Miletus">Miletus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mira_(kingdom)" title="Mira (kingdom)">Mira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysia" title="Mysia">Mysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nairi" title="Nairi">Nairi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pala_(Anatolia)" title="Pala (Anatolia)">Pala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisidia" title="Pisidia">Pisidia</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sagalassos" title="Sagalassos">Sagalassos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purushanda" title="Purushanda">Purushanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seha_River_Land" title="Seha River Land">Seha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shupria" title="Shupria">Shupria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urshu" title="Urshu">Urshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urumeans" title="Urumeans">Urumu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilusa" title="Wilusa">Wilusa</a>/<a href="/wiki/Troy" title="Troy">Troy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalpuwa" title="Zalpuwa">Zalpuwa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Iron Age</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeolis" title="Aeolis">Aeolia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Caria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimmerians" title="Cimmerians">Cimmerians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colchis" title="Colchis">Colchis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diauehi" title="Diauehi">Diauehi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doric_Hexapolis" title="Doric Hexapolis">Doris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiuni" title="Etiuni">Etiuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionia" title="Ionia">Ionia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycia" title="Lycia">Lycia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia" title="Lydia">Lydia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mushki" title="Mushki">Mushki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Hittite_states" title="Syro-Hittite states">Neo-Hittites</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tunna" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunna">Atuna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carchemish" title="Carchemish">Carchemish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gurgum" title="Gurgum">Gurgum</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%AAilakku" title="Ḫilakku">Ḫilakku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kammanu" title="Kammanu">Kammanu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kummuh" title="Kummuh">Kummuh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quw%C3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Quwê">Quwê</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tabal_(state)" title="Tabal (state)">Tabal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygia" title="Phrygia">Phrygia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urartu" title="Urartu">Urartu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classical Age</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigonid_dynasty" title="Antigonid dynasty">Antigonids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Armenia_(antiquity)" title="Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_Armenia" title="Lesser Armenia">Armenia Minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bithynia" title="Bithynia">Bithynia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cappadocia" title="Kingdom of Cappadocia">Cappadocia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cilicia_(ancient)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Cilicia (ancient)">Cilicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commagene" title="Commagene">Commagene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatia" title="Galatia">Galatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordyene" title="Gordyene">Gordyene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osroene" title="Osroene">Osroene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paphlagonia" title="Paphlagonia">Paphlagonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Pergamon" title="Kingdom of Pergamon">Pergamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Pontus" title="Kingdom of Pontus">Pontus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/16px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/24px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/32px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Turkey" title="Portal:Turkey">Turkey portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div 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Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1225477/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4029668-4">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83135099">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Kárie"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge1163588&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007557413405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/599564">Pleiades</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caria&oldid=1275228319">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caria&oldid=1275228319</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Caria" title="Category:Caria">Caria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:States_and_territories_disestablished_in_the_6th_century_BC" title="Category:States and territories disestablished in the 6th century BC">States and territories disestablished in the 6th century BC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Greek_geography" title="Category:Ancient Greek geography">Ancient Greek geography</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Greek_archaeological_sites_in_Turkey" title="Category:Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey">Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Carian_people" title="Category:Carian people">Carian people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Historical_regions_of_Anatolia" title="Category:Historical regions of Anatolia">Historical regions of Anatolia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Ayd%C4%B1n_Province" title="Category:History of Aydın Province">History of Aydın Province</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Mu%C4%9Fla_Province" 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