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<span>Transports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commerce" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commerce"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Commerce</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commerce-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hydrographie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hydrographie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Hydrographie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hydrographie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Hydrographie</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Hydrographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Affluents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Affluents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Affluents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Affluents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bassin_versant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bassin_versant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Bassin versant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bassin_versant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Delta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Delta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Delta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Delta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Écologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Écologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Écologie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Écologie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Écologie</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Écologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Faune" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Faune"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Faune</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Faune-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Poissons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poissons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Poissons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poissons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flore" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flore"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Flore</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flore-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Problèmes_environnementaux" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Problèmes_environnementaux"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Problèmes environnementaux</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Problèmes_environnementaux-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliographie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Bibliographie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Chao Phraya</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 68 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-68" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">68 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chao_Phraya" title="Chao Phraya – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Chao Phraya" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%87%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%88_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="نهر تشاو فرايا – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نهر تشاو فرايا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%87%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%88_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="نهر تشاو فرايا – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نهر تشاو فرايا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADu_Chao_Phraya" title="Ríu Chao Phraya – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ríu Chao Phraya" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7_%DA%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="چائو فرایا چایی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="چائو فرایا چایی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC-%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BE-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Менам-Чао-Прая – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Менам-Чао-Прая" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Чао Прая – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Чао Прая" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chao_Phraya" title="Chao Phraya – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Chao Phraya" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chao_Phraya" title="Chao Phraya – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Chao Phraya" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maenam_Chao_Phraya" title="Maenam Chao Phraya – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Maenam Chao Phraya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menam-%C4%8Cao-Praja" title="Menam-Čao-Praja – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Menam-Čao-Praja" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afon_Chao_Phraya" title="Afon Chao Phraya – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Afon Chao Phraya" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chao_Phraya" title="Chao Phraya – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Chao Phraya" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Nam_Chao_Phraya" title="Mae Nam Chao Phraya – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mae Nam Chao Phraya" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chao_Phraya_River" title="Chao Phraya River – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Chao Phraya River" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88ao_Fraja" title="Ĉao Fraja – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉao Fraja" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Chao_Phraya" title="Río Chao Phraya – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Río Chao Phraya" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chao_Phraya" title="Chao Phraya – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Chao Phraya" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chao_Phraya" title="Chao Phraya – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Chao Phraya" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="رود چائو پرایا – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رود چائو پرایا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chao_Phraya" title="Chao Phraya – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Chao Phraya" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chao_Phraya" title="Chao Phraya – frison septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Chao Phraya" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frison septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Chao_Phraya" title="Río Chao Phraya – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Río Chao Phraya" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%27%D7%90%D7%95_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%99%D7%94" title="צ'או פראיה – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צ'או פראיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%93_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="चाओ फ्रया नदी – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चाओ फ्रया नदी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csaophraja" title="Csaophraja – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Csaophraja" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B4_%D5%89%D5%A1%D5%B8_%D5%8A%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1" title="Մենամ Չաո Պրայա – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մենամ Չաո Պրայա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sungai_Chao_Phraya" title="Sungai Chao Phraya – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sungai Chao Phraya" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chao_Phraya" title="Chao Phraya – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Chao Phraya" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%82%AA%E3%83%97%E3%83%A9%E3%83%A4%E3%83%BC%E5%B7%9D" title="チャオプラヤー川 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チャオプラヤー川" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kali_Chao_Phraya" title="Kali Chao Phraya – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kali Chao Phraya" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="მენამი – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მენამი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC-%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BE-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Манам-Чао-Прая – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Манам-Чао-Прая" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%85%E1%9F%85%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6" title="ទន្លេចៅព្រះយា – khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ទន្លេចៅព្រះយា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%9C%EC%98%A4%ED%94%84%EB%9D%BC%EC%95%BC%EA%B0%95" title="짜오프라야강 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="짜오프라야강" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC-%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BE-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Менам-Чао-Прая – kirghize" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Менам-Чао-Прая" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghize" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B3%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B2" title="ແມ່ນ້ຳເຈົ້າພະຍາ – lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ແມ່ນ້ຳເຈົ້າພະຍາ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menam_%C4%8Cao_Praja" title="Menam Čao Praja – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Menam Čao Praja" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sungai_Chao_Phraya" title="Sungai Chao Phraya – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Sungai Chao Phraya" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Чао Праја – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Чао Праја" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8B_%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BF" title="ചാവോ ഫ്രായാ നദി – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചാവോ ഫ്രായാ നദി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sungai_Chao_Phraya" title="Sungai Chao Phraya – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sungai Chao Phraya" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%96%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="ကျောက်ဖယားမြစ် – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကျောက်ဖယားမြစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menam" title="Menam – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Menam" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chao_Phraya" title="Chao Phraya – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Chao Phraya" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Чаупрая – ossète" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Чаупрая" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossète" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%93_%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%86_%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80" title="ਚਾਓ ਫਰਾਇਆ ਨਦੀ – pendjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਚਾਓ ਫਰਾਇਆ ਨਦੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menam" title="Menam – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Menam" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Chao_Phraya" title="Rio Chao Phraya – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rio Chao Phraya" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Чаупхрая – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Чаупхрая" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%93_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="चाओ फ्रया – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="चाओ फ्रया" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chao_Phraya_River" title="Chao Phraya River – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chao Phraya River" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Чао Праја – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Чао Праја" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chao_Phraya" title="Chao Phraya – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Chao Phraya" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8B_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81" title="சாவோ பிரயா ஆறு – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சாவோ பிரயா ஆறு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F_(%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%91)" title="Чао Прая (дарё) – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Чао Прая (дарё)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2" title="แม่น้ำเจ้าพระยา – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แม่น้ำเจ้าพระยา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilog_Chao_Phraya" title="Ilog Chao Phraya – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ilog Chao Phraya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ao_Phraya" title="Çao Phraya – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çao Phraya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Чаопхрая – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чаопхрая" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%88_%D9%BE%DA%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="دریائے چاو پھرایا – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دریائے چاو پھرایا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menam-chao-praya" title="Menam-chao-praya – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Menam-chao-praya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B4ng_Chao_Phraya" title="Sông Chao Phraya – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sông Chao Phraya" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salog_Chao_Phraya" title="Salog Chao Phraya – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Salog Chao Phraya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%AD%E6%8B%8D%E8%80%B6%E6%B2%B3" title="昭拍耶河 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="昭拍耶河" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%B0%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ჩაოპჰრაია – mingrélien" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჩაოპჰრაია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrélien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%AD%E6%8A%AB%E8%80%B6%E6%B2%B3" title="昭披耶河 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="昭披耶河" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B9%84%E5%8D%97%E6%B2%B3" title="湄南河 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="湄南河" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q118850#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="/wiki/Chao" class="mw-disambig" title="Chao">Chao</a>. </p> </div></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox_v2 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="entete coursdeau" style="background-color:#80B0E0;color:white;">la Chao Phraya<br /><small><a href="/wiki/Tha%C3%AF" title="Thaï">thaï</a> : <span class="lang-th" lang="th">แม่น้ำเจ้าพระยา</span></small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r188801370">.mw-parser-output .entete.coursdeau{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Picto_infobox_watersource.svg")}</style> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; line-height: 1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Bangkok_river.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Illustration" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Bangkok_river.jpg/280px-Bangkok_river.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Bangkok_river.jpg/420px-Bangkok_river.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Bangkok_river.jpg/560px-Bangkok_river.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="773" /></a></span> <br />La Chao Phraya à <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; line-height: 1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Chaophrayarivermap.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Carte." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Chaophrayarivermap.png/280px-Chaophrayarivermap.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Chaophrayarivermap.png/420px-Chaophrayarivermap.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Chaophrayarivermap.png/560px-Chaophrayarivermap.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <br />Carte du Bassin de la Chao Phraya, avec ses principaux affluents<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap"><img alt="Loupe sur carte verte" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/?relation=227317">Chao Phraya</a> sur <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#80B0E0; color:white">Caractéristiques</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Longueur </th> <td>372 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Bassin_versant" title="Bassin versant">Bassin</a> </th> <td>160 000 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre carré">km<sup>2</sup></abbr> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Bassin_versant" title="Bassin versant">Bassin collecteur</a> </th> <td><span class="wd_p4614">Bassin du Chao Phraya <small>(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14210889" class="extiw" title="d:Q14210889"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Voir l'élément Wikidata correspondant">d</span></a>)</small><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118850?uselang=fr#P4614" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Module_(hydrologie)" title="Module (hydrologie)">Débit moyen</a> </th> <td>883 <abbr class="abbr" title="mètre cube par seconde">m<sup>3</sup>/s</abbr> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gime_hydrologique" title="Régime hydrologique">Régime</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gime_pluvial" title="Régime pluvial">pluvial</a> <a href="/wiki/Climat_tropical" title="Climat tropical">tropical</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#80B0E0; color:white">Cours</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <span class="nowrap">· Coordonnées</span> </th><td><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Map/13/15.70056/100.14083/fr" data-zoom="13" data-lat="15.70056" data-lon="100.14083" data-overlays="["_c2156769bd4f930cafde9d869353e102e29adcbe"]">15° 42′ 02″ N, 100° 08′ 27″ E</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Source_(hydrologie)" title="Source (hydrologie)">Source</a> principale </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ping_(rivi%C3%A8re)" title="Ping (rivière)">Ping</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Source_(hydrologie)" title="Source (hydrologie)">Source</a> secondaire </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Nan_(rivi%C3%A8re)" title="Nan (rivière)">Nan</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Confluence_(hydrologie)" title="Confluence (hydrologie)">Confluence</a> des <a href="/wiki/Source_(hydrologie)" title="Source (hydrologie)">sources</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Nakhon_Sawan" title="Nakhon Sawan">Nakhon Sawan</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Embouchure_(hydrologie)" title="Embouchure (hydrologie)">Embouchure</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Golfe_de_Tha%C3%AFlande" title="Golfe de Thaïlande">Golfe de Thaïlande</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <span class="nowrap">· Altitude</span> </th> <td>0 <abbr class="abbr" title="mètre">m</abbr> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <span class="nowrap">· Coordonnées</span> </th><td><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Map/13/13.54028/100.58972/fr" data-zoom="13" data-lat="13.54028" data-lon="100.58972" data-overlays="["_d8489b4a8503e4722e47ba71ff806e9135bfb8fa"]">13° 32′ 25″ N, 100° 35′ 23″ E</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#80B0E0; color:white">Géographie</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Pays traversés </th> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Thaïlande"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Thailand.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la Thaïlande"><img alt="Drapeau de la Thaïlande" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/20px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/30px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/40px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tha%C3%AFlande" title="Thaïlande">Thaïlande</a></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><hr style="height:2px; background-color:#80B0E0;" /></td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><i>Sources</i> : <a href="/wiki/GeoNames" title="GeoNames">GeoNames</a>, <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></td> </tr><tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #80B0E0 solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chao_Phraya&action=edit&section=0"><span class="infodoc">modifier</span></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Cours_d%27eau" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>Le <b>Chao Phraya</b> (<a href="/wiki/Tha%C3%AF" title="Thaï">thaï</a> : <span class="lang-th" lang="th">แม่น้ำเจ้าพระยา</span>), ou <b>Maenam Chao Phraya</b>, est le plus important fleuve de <a href="/wiki/Tha%C3%AFlande" title="Thaïlande">Thaïlande</a> après le <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9kong" title="Mékong">Mékong</a> et la <a href="/wiki/Salouen" title="Salouen">Salouen</a>. C'est aussi le seul des trois à couler entièrement dans le pays, dont il constitue encore aujourd'hui l'axe majeur de transport et de commerce. Il se forme au confluent des rivières <a href="/wiki/Ping_(rivi%C3%A8re)" title="Ping (rivière)">Ping</a> et <a href="/wiki/Nan_(rivi%C3%A8re)" title="Nan (rivière)">Nan</a> et s'écoule vers le sud pendant 372 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr>, avant de se jeter dans le <a href="/wiki/Golfe_de_Tha%C3%AFlande" title="Golfe de Thaïlande">golfe de Thaïlande</a>. La <a href="/wiki/Vall%C3%A9e" title="Vallée">vallée</a> du Chao Phraya est une grande région productrice de <a href="/wiki/Riz" title="Riz">riz</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:2006_1002_nan_thailand_rice.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/2006_1002_nan_thailand_rice.jpg/220px-2006_1002_nan_thailand_rice.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/2006_1002_nan_thailand_rice.jpg/330px-2006_1002_nan_thailand_rice.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/2006_1002_nan_thailand_rice.jpg/440px-2006_1002_nan_thailand_rice.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="568" /></a><figcaption>Rizière dans la vallée de la Nan</figcaption></figure> <p>Le mot <i>Maenam</i> signifie « rivière » en <a href="/wiki/Tha%C3%AF" title="Thaï">thaï</a> : ce mot est formé de deux éléments : <i>mae</i> (thaï : แม่) signifiant « mère » et <i>nam</i> (thaï: น้ำ)« eau ». <i>Chao Phraya</i> est le titre de noblesse thaïlandais le plus élevé. </p><p>Non loin de son embouchure, le Chao Phraya traverse <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a>, où avaient lieu de fameux marchés flottants que l'on ne trouve plus guère qu'en dehors de la ville comme à <a href="/w/index.php?title=Damnoen_Saduak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Damnoen Saduak (page inexistante)">Damnoen Saduak</a> (80 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> à l'ouest de Bangkok). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Géographie"><span id="G.C3.A9ographie"></span>Géographie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chao_Phraya&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Géographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chao_Phraya&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Géographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le Chao Phraya naît au confluent des rivières <a href="/wiki/Ping_(rivi%C3%A8re)" title="Ping (rivière)">Ping</a> et <a href="/wiki/Nan_(rivi%C3%A8re)" title="Nan (rivière)">Nan</a> à <a href="/wiki/Nakhon_Sawan" title="Nakhon Sawan">Nakhon Sawan</a> (Pak Nam Pho), dans la <a href="/wiki/Province_de_Nakhon_Sawan" title="Province de Nakhon Sawan">province de Nakhon Sawan</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Chaophrayansawan03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Chaophrayansawan03.jpg/220px-Chaophrayansawan03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Chaophrayansawan03.jpg/330px-Chaophrayansawan03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Chaophrayansawan03.jpg/440px-Chaophrayansawan03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1136" data-file-height="852" /></a><figcaption>Naissance du Chao Phraya au confluent des rivières Ping et Nan</figcaption></figure> <p>Il coule vers le sud sur 372 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr>, depuis la plaine centrale jusqu'à <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a> et au <a href="/wiki/Golfe_de_Tha%C3%AFlande" title="Golfe de Thaïlande">golfe de Thaïlande</a>. </p><p>Il se divise assez vite : dès la <a href="/wiki/Province_de_Chainat" title="Province de Chainat">province de Chainat</a>, il forme un bras séparé, la <a href="/wiki/Tha_Chin" title="Tha Chin">Tha Chin</a>, qui coule parallèlement au bras principal et se jette dans le golfe de Thaïlande à <a href="/wiki/Samut_Sakhon" title="Samut Sakhon">Samut Sakhon</a>, à environ 35 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> à l'ouest de Bangkok. </p><p>Dans la plaine alluviale qui commence sous le barrage de <a href="/wiki/Chainat" title="Chainat">Chainat</a>, de nombreux petits canaux, les <i><a href="/wiki/Khlong" title="Khlong">khlong</a></i>, partent du Chao Phraya pour irriguer les rizières. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Villes">Villes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chao_Phraya&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Villes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chao_Phraya&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Villes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les villes situées le long du fleuve sont, de l'aval vers l'amont, du sud au nord, <a href="/wiki/Samut_Prakan" title="Samut Prakan">Samut Prakan</a> à l'embouchure, <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nonthaburi" title="Nonthaburi">Nonthaburi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pathum_Thani" title="Pathum Thani">Pathum Thani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ayutthaya" title="Ayutthaya">Ayutthaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ang_Thong" title="Ang Thong">Ang Thong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singburi" title="Singburi">Singburi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chainat" title="Chainat">Chainat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uthai_Thani" title="Uthai Thani">Uthai Thani</a> et <a href="/wiki/Nakhon_Sawan" title="Nakhon Sawan">Nakhon Sawan</a>. La plupart sont grandes et certaines ont joué un rôle historique majeur. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:4Y1A1142_(33495140146).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/4Y1A1142_%2833495140146%29.jpg/220px-4Y1A1142_%2833495140146%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/4Y1A1142_%2833495140146%29.jpg/330px-4Y1A1142_%2833495140146%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/4Y1A1142_%2833495140146%29.jpg/440px-4Y1A1142_%2833495140146%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3073" data-file-height="1951" /></a><figcaption>Le fleuve Chao Phraya, Bangkok</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ponts_importants">Ponts importants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chao_Phraya&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Ponts importants" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chao_Phraya&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Ponts importants"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Bkkchaophraya0804a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Bkkchaophraya0804a.jpg/220px-Bkkchaophraya0804a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Bkkchaophraya0804a.jpg/330px-Bkkchaophraya0804a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Bkkchaophraya0804a.jpg/440px-Bkkchaophraya0804a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1240" data-file-height="992" /></a><figcaption>Le pont Rama VIII à <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Pont Rama III</li> <li>Pont Rama IV</li> <li>Pont Rama V</li></ul> <ul><li>Pont Rama VI, pont rail-route</li> <li>Pont Rama VII</li> <li>Pont Rama VIII, un <a href="/wiki/Pont_%C3%A0_haubans" title="Pont à haubans">pont à haubans</a> asymétrique à un seul pilier</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont_Rama_IX" title="Pont Rama IX">Pont Rama IX</a>, pont à haubans semi-symétrique</li> <li>Pont Kanchaphisek</li> <li>Pont Maha Chesadabodindranusorn</li> <li>Pont Phra Pin Klao, près du <a href="/wiki/Palais_royal_(Bangkok)" title="Palais royal (Bangkok)">Palais royal</a></li> <li>Pont Phra Pok Klao</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont_du_M%C3%A9morial_(Bangkok)" title="Pont du Mémorial (Bangkok)">Pont du Mémorial</a> (pont Phra Phutthayotfa)</li> <li>Mega Bridge (<a href="/wiki/Pont_Bhumibol" title="Pont Bhumibol">pont Bhumibol</a>), élément de l'Industrial Ring Road</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerycaption">Ponts du fleuve Chao Phraya</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Krungthep_rama3_bridges.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Krungthep (à gauche) et Rama III (à droite)"><img alt="Krungthep (à gauche) et Rama III (à droite)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Krungthep_rama3_bridges.jpg/120px-Krungthep_rama3_bridges.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Krungthep_rama3_bridges.jpg/180px-Krungthep_rama3_bridges.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Krungthep_rama3_bridges.jpg/240px-Krungthep_rama3_bridges.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="333" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Krungthep (à gauche) et Rama III (à droite)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:0008871_-_Krung_Thep_Bridge_007.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Krungthep et Rama III"><img alt="Krungthep et Rama III" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/0008871_-_Krung_Thep_Bridge_007.jpg/120px-0008871_-_Krung_Thep_Bridge_007.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/0008871_-_Krung_Thep_Bridge_007.jpg/180px-0008871_-_Krung_Thep_Bridge_007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/0008871_-_Krung_Thep_Bridge_007.jpg/240px-0008871_-_Krung_Thep_Bridge_007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Krungthep et Rama III</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Rama_4_bridge.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Rama IV"><img alt="Rama IV" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Rama_4_bridge.JPG/120px-Rama_4_bridge.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Rama_4_bridge.JPG/180px-Rama_4_bridge.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Rama_4_bridge.JPG/240px-Rama_4_bridge.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rama IV</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Panoramic_Rama_V_Bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rama V"><img alt="Rama V" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Panoramic_Rama_V_Bridge.jpg/120px-Panoramic_Rama_V_Bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Panoramic_Rama_V_Bridge.jpg/180px-Panoramic_Rama_V_Bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Panoramic_Rama_V_Bridge.jpg/240px-Panoramic_Rama_V_Bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9706" data-file-height="3567" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rama V</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Rama_6_bridge.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Rama VI"><img alt="Rama VI" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Rama_6_bridge.JPG/120px-Rama_6_bridge.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Rama_6_bridge.JPG/180px-Rama_6_bridge.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Rama_6_bridge.JPG/240px-Rama_6_bridge.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rama VI</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Rama_VII_Bridge_(downstream,_west_bank_of_Chao_Phraya_River).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Rama VII"><img alt="Rama VII" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Rama_VII_Bridge_%28downstream%2C_west_bank_of_Chao_Phraya_River%29.JPG/120px-Rama_VII_Bridge_%28downstream%2C_west_bank_of_Chao_Phraya_River%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Rama_VII_Bridge_%28downstream%2C_west_bank_of_Chao_Phraya_River%29.JPG/180px-Rama_VII_Bridge_%28downstream%2C_west_bank_of_Chao_Phraya_River%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Rama_VII_Bridge_%28downstream%2C_west_bank_of_Chao_Phraya_River%29.JPG/240px-Rama_VII_Bridge_%28downstream%2C_west_bank_of_Chao_Phraya_River%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rama VII</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Rama_8_Bridge_from_a_boat.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rama VIII"><img alt="Rama VIII" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Rama_8_Bridge_from_a_boat.jpg/120px-Rama_8_Bridge_from_a_boat.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Rama_8_Bridge_from_a_boat.jpg/180px-Rama_8_Bridge_from_a_boat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Rama_8_Bridge_from_a_boat.jpg/240px-Rama_8_Bridge_from_a_boat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5378" data-file-height="3025" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rama VIII</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Park_%26_Rama_IX_Bridge_at_night_(8959505270).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rama IX"><img alt="Rama IX" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Park_%26_Rama_IX_Bridge_at_night_%288959505270%29.jpg/120px-Park_%26_Rama_IX_Bridge_at_night_%288959505270%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Park_%26_Rama_IX_Bridge_at_night_%288959505270%29.jpg/180px-Park_%26_Rama_IX_Bridge_at_night_%288959505270%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Park_%26_Rama_IX_Bridge_at_night_%288959505270%29.jpg/240px-Park_%26_Rama_IX_Bridge_at_night_%288959505270%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="964" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rama IX</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Thailand_-_Chao_Phraya_River.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kanchanaphisek"><img alt="Kanchanaphisek" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Thailand_-_Chao_Phraya_River.jpg/120px-Thailand_-_Chao_Phraya_River.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Thailand_-_Chao_Phraya_River.jpg/180px-Thailand_-_Chao_Phraya_River.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Thailand_-_Chao_Phraya_River.jpg/240px-Thailand_-_Chao_Phraya_River.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kanchanaphisek</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Bridge_at_Nonthaburi_1_Road.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maha Chesada-bodindranusorn"><img alt="Maha Chesada-bodindranusorn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Bridge_at_Nonthaburi_1_Road.jpg/120px-Bridge_at_Nonthaburi_1_Road.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Bridge_at_Nonthaburi_1_Road.jpg/180px-Bridge_at_Nonthaburi_1_Road.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Bridge_at_Nonthaburi_1_Road.jpg/240px-Bridge_at_Nonthaburi_1_Road.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1316" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Maha Chesada-bodindranusorn</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Somdet_Phra_Pinklao_Bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Phra Pin Klao"><img alt="Phra Pin Klao" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Somdet_Phra_Pinklao_Bridge.jpg/120px-Somdet_Phra_Pinklao_Bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Somdet_Phra_Pinklao_Bridge.jpg/180px-Somdet_Phra_Pinklao_Bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Somdet_Phra_Pinklao_Bridge.jpg/240px-Somdet_Phra_Pinklao_Bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Phra Pin Klao</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Phra_Pokklao_Bridge_DSC_0042_(18948419563).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Phra Pok Klao"><img alt="Phra Pok Klao" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Phra_Pokklao_Bridge_DSC_0042_%2818948419563%29.jpg/120px-Phra_Pokklao_Bridge_DSC_0042_%2818948419563%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Phra_Pokklao_Bridge_DSC_0042_%2818948419563%29.jpg/180px-Phra_Pokklao_Bridge_DSC_0042_%2818948419563%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Phra_Pokklao_Bridge_DSC_0042_%2818948419563%29.jpg/240px-Phra_Pokklao_Bridge_DSC_0042_%2818948419563%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Phra Pok Klao</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Bkksaphanphut0609.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pont du Mémorial"><img alt="Pont du Mémorial" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Bkksaphanphut0609.jpg/120px-Bkksaphanphut0609.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Bkksaphanphut0609.jpg/180px-Bkksaphanphut0609.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Bkksaphanphut0609.jpg/240px-Bkksaphanphut0609.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1136" data-file-height="692" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pont du Mémorial</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Bhumibol_Bridge_on_Rama_3_sight_(10440744735).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bhumibol"><img alt="Bhumibol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Bhumibol_Bridge_on_Rama_3_sight_%2810440744735%29.jpg/120px-Bhumibol_Bridge_on_Rama_3_sight_%2810440744735%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Bhumibol_Bridge_on_Rama_3_sight_%2810440744735%29.jpg/180px-Bhumibol_Bridge_on_Rama_3_sight_%2810440744735%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Bhumibol_Bridge_on_Rama_3_sight_%2810440744735%29.jpg/240px-Bhumibol_Bridge_on_Rama_3_sight_%2810440744735%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1334" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bhumibol</div> </li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Bhumibol_Bridge_panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Bhumibol_Bridge_panorama.jpg/220px-Bhumibol_Bridge_panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Bhumibol_Bridge_panorama.jpg/330px-Bhumibol_Bridge_panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Bhumibol_Bridge_panorama.jpg/440px-Bhumibol_Bridge_panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7392" data-file-height="1353" /></a><figcaption>Mega Bridge (pont Bhumibol)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transports">Transports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chao_Phraya&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Transports" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chao_Phraya&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Transports"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>À Bangkok, le Chao Phraya est un axe de transport majeur pour tout un réseau de bateau-bus et les taxis d'eau appelés bateaux longue-queue (thai: เรือหางยาว, RTGS : rueahangyao). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Bangkok,_Chao_Phraya_Express_Boat_(6223565866).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Bangkok%2C_Chao_Phraya_Express_Boat_%286223565866%29.jpg/220px-Bangkok%2C_Chao_Phraya_Express_Boat_%286223565866%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Bangkok%2C_Chao_Phraya_Express_Boat_%286223565866%29.jpg/330px-Bangkok%2C_Chao_Phraya_Express_Boat_%286223565866%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Bangkok%2C_Chao_Phraya_Express_Boat_%286223565866%29.jpg/440px-Bangkok%2C_Chao_Phraya_Express_Boat_%286223565866%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2906" /></a><figcaption>Bateau-bus</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Longtail_boats,_Chao_Phraya_River,_Bangkok_(6906961352).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Longtail_boats%2C_Chao_Phraya_River%2C_Bangkok_%286906961352%29.jpg/220px-Longtail_boats%2C_Chao_Phraya_River%2C_Bangkok_%286906961352%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Longtail_boats%2C_Chao_Phraya_River%2C_Bangkok_%286906961352%29.jpg/330px-Longtail_boats%2C_Chao_Phraya_River%2C_Bangkok_%286906961352%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Longtail_boats%2C_Chao_Phraya_River%2C_Bangkok_%286906961352%29.jpg/440px-Longtail_boats%2C_Chao_Phraya_River%2C_Bangkok_%286906961352%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2478" data-file-height="1394" /></a><figcaption>bateaux à longue-queue</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:2012.02.02_Chao_Phraya_Tourist_Boat,_One_day_River_Pass.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/2012.02.02_Chao_Phraya_Tourist_Boat%2C_One_day_River_Pass.jpg/220px-2012.02.02_Chao_Phraya_Tourist_Boat%2C_One_day_River_Pass.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/2012.02.02_Chao_Phraya_Tourist_Boat%2C_One_day_River_Pass.jpg/330px-2012.02.02_Chao_Phraya_Tourist_Boat%2C_One_day_River_Pass.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/2012.02.02_Chao_Phraya_Tourist_Boat%2C_One_day_River_Pass.jpg/440px-2012.02.02_Chao_Phraya_Tourist_Boat%2C_One_day_River_Pass.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2648" data-file-height="3464" /></a><figcaption>ticket de bateau pour touristes</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commerce">Commerce</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chao_Phraya&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Commerce" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chao_Phraya&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Commerce"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Depuis des siècles, le Chao Phraya est une voie de navigation pour le commerce. Aux jonques de jadis succèdent aujourd'hui des convois de chalands d'une longueur exceptionnelle (souvent plus long qu'un terrain de foot, plus de 100 m) tractés par de puissants remorqueurs. Toutes les péniches, ou plus exactement toutes les barges car elles n'ont qu'un minuscule moteur d'appoint et doivent donc être remorquées, appartiennent à des entreprises spécialisées dans la production ou la revente de matière première : sable, terre, métaux etc. Ces barges, toutes construites à l'identique, affleurent l'eau quand elles sont chargées et, une fois vidées, sont à environ quatre mètres au-dessus de l'eau. Elles se déplacent à environ trois milles nautiques par heure (environ 5 km par heure) et les trajets sont limités en amont de la Cité des anges à Pathum Thani et Ayutthaya à cause de la profondeur du fleuve et des hauts-fonds. Pour aller à Pathum Thani, un seul jour suffit ; pour aller à Ayutthaya, deux ou trois jours de navigation sont nécessaires<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerycaption">Barges (péniches sans moteurs) pour le commerce sur le Chao Phraya</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:004_Barge_on_Chao_Phraya_River_(Menam)_in_Pathum_Thani_province,_Thailand.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Barges remorquées vues du ciel dans la province de Pathum Thani"><img alt="Barges remorquées vues du ciel dans la province de Pathum Thani" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/004_Barge_on_Chao_Phraya_River_%28Menam%29_in_Pathum_Thani_province%2C_Thailand.jpg/120px-004_Barge_on_Chao_Phraya_River_%28Menam%29_in_Pathum_Thani_province%2C_Thailand.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/004_Barge_on_Chao_Phraya_River_%28Menam%29_in_Pathum_Thani_province%2C_Thailand.jpg/180px-004_Barge_on_Chao_Phraya_River_%28Menam%29_in_Pathum_Thani_province%2C_Thailand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/004_Barge_on_Chao_Phraya_River_%28Menam%29_in_Pathum_Thani_province%2C_Thailand.jpg/240px-004_Barge_on_Chao_Phraya_River_%28Menam%29_in_Pathum_Thani_province%2C_Thailand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3030" data-file-height="2020" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Barges remorquées vues du ciel dans la province de Pathum Thani</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Chao_Phraya_River1_Photo_D_Ramey_Logan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Trois barges tractées par un puissant petit remorqueur"><img alt="Trois barges tractées par un puissant petit remorqueur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Chao_Phraya_River1_Photo_D_Ramey_Logan.jpg/120px-Chao_Phraya_River1_Photo_D_Ramey_Logan.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Chao_Phraya_River1_Photo_D_Ramey_Logan.jpg/180px-Chao_Phraya_River1_Photo_D_Ramey_Logan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Chao_Phraya_River1_Photo_D_Ramey_Logan.jpg/240px-Chao_Phraya_River1_Photo_D_Ramey_Logan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Trois barges tractées par un puissant petit remorqueur</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Bangkok_08_-_21_-_sharing_the_river_with_a_barge_(3166231911).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Barges chargées de matériaux affleurant l'eau devant l'Hôpital Siriraj et l'Université Mahidol à Bangkok"><img alt="Barges chargées de matériaux affleurant l'eau devant l'Hôpital Siriraj et l'Université Mahidol à Bangkok" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Bangkok_08_-_21_-_sharing_the_river_with_a_barge_%283166231911%29.jpg/120px-Bangkok_08_-_21_-_sharing_the_river_with_a_barge_%283166231911%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Bangkok_08_-_21_-_sharing_the_river_with_a_barge_%283166231911%29.jpg/180px-Bangkok_08_-_21_-_sharing_the_river_with_a_barge_%283166231911%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Bangkok_08_-_21_-_sharing_the_river_with_a_barge_%283166231911%29.jpg/240px-Bangkok_08_-_21_-_sharing_the_river_with_a_barge_%283166231911%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Barges chargées de matériaux affleurant l'eau devant l'<a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4pital_Siriraj" title="Hôpital Siriraj">Hôpital Siriraj</a> et l'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Mahidol" title="Université Mahidol">Université Mahidol</a> à Bangkok</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Barge_at_Bangkok_detail_(3569893116).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chalands reliés entre eux par des cordages de 15 cm de diamètre (détail)"><img alt="Chalands reliés entre eux par des cordages de 15 cm de diamètre (détail)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Barge_at_Bangkok_detail_%283569893116%29.jpg/120px-Barge_at_Bangkok_detail_%283569893116%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Barge_at_Bangkok_detail_%283569893116%29.jpg/180px-Barge_at_Bangkok_detail_%283569893116%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Barge_at_Bangkok_detail_%283569893116%29.jpg/240px-Barge_at_Bangkok_detail_%283569893116%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chalands reliés entre eux par des cordages de 15 cm de diamètre (détail)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Barge vide, 3 ou 4 mètres au-dessus de la surface de l'eau"><img alt="Barge vide, 3 ou 4 mètres au-dessus de la surface de l'eau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0_-_panoramio.jpg/120px-%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0_-_panoramio.jpg/180px-%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0_-_panoramio.jpg/240px-%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Barge vide, 3 ou 4 mètres au-dessus de la surface de l'eau</div> </li> </ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerycaption">Puissants petits remorqueurs pour tracter les barges sur le Chao Phraya</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Remorqueur_tout_neuf_%C3%A0_quai_le_long_du_Khlong_Bangkok_Noi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Remorqueur tout neuf à quai le long du Khlong Bangkok Noi"><img alt="Remorqueur tout neuf à quai le long du Khlong Bangkok Noi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Remorqueur_tout_neuf_%C3%A0_quai_le_long_du_Khlong_Bangkok_Noi.jpg/120px-Remorqueur_tout_neuf_%C3%A0_quai_le_long_du_Khlong_Bangkok_Noi.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Remorqueur_tout_neuf_%C3%A0_quai_le_long_du_Khlong_Bangkok_Noi.jpg/180px-Remorqueur_tout_neuf_%C3%A0_quai_le_long_du_Khlong_Bangkok_Noi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Remorqueur_tout_neuf_%C3%A0_quai_le_long_du_Khlong_Bangkok_Noi.jpg/240px-Remorqueur_tout_neuf_%C3%A0_quai_le_long_du_Khlong_Bangkok_Noi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3743" data-file-height="1672" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Remorqueur tout neuf à quai le long du Khlong <a href="/wiki/Bangkok_Noi" title="Bangkok Noi">Bangkok Noi</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Remorqueur_v%C3%A9tuste_%C3%A0_quai_le_long_du_Khlong_Bangkok_Noi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Remorqueur vétuste à quai le long du Khlong Bangkok Noi"><img alt="Remorqueur vétuste à quai le long du Khlong Bangkok Noi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Remorqueur_v%C3%A9tuste_%C3%A0_quai_le_long_du_Khlong_Bangkok_Noi.jpg/120px-Remorqueur_v%C3%A9tuste_%C3%A0_quai_le_long_du_Khlong_Bangkok_Noi.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Remorqueur_v%C3%A9tuste_%C3%A0_quai_le_long_du_Khlong_Bangkok_Noi.jpg/180px-Remorqueur_v%C3%A9tuste_%C3%A0_quai_le_long_du_Khlong_Bangkok_Noi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Remorqueur_v%C3%A9tuste_%C3%A0_quai_le_long_du_Khlong_Bangkok_Noi.jpg/240px-Remorqueur_v%C3%A9tuste_%C3%A0_quai_le_long_du_Khlong_Bangkok_Noi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="1816" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Remorqueur vétuste à quai le long du Khlong Bangkok Noi</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hydrographie">Hydrographie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chao_Phraya&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Hydrographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chao_Phraya&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Hydrographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Affluents">Affluents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chao_Phraya&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Affluents" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chao_Phraya&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Affluents"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le réseau hydrographique du Chao Phraya s'étend dans presque toute la Thaïlande du nord et centrale<sup id="cite_ref-RID_River_Gauges_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RID_River_Gauges-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Ses cours d'eau principaux sont la <a href="/wiki/Pa_Sak" title="Pa Sak">Pa Sak</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Sakae_Krang" title="Sakae Krang">Sakae Krang</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Nan_(rivi%C3%A8re)" title="Nan (rivière)">Nan</a> (avec son affluent la <a href="/wiki/Yom_(rivi%C3%A8re)" title="Yom (rivière)">Yom</a>), la <a href="/wiki/Ping_(rivi%C3%A8re)" title="Ping (rivière)">Ping</a> (avec son affluent la <a href="/wiki/Wang_(rivi%C3%A8re)" title="Wang (rivière)">Wang</a>), et la <a href="/wiki/Tha_Chin" title="Tha Chin">Tha Chin</a><sup id="cite_ref-RID_River_Gagues_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RID_River_Gagues-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Chacun de ces cours d'eau, comme le Chao Phraya lui-même, possède de nombreux affluents mineurs, les <i>khwae</i>. Tous coulent strictement dans les frontières de la Thaïlande<sup id="cite_ref-Google_Earth_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Google_Earth-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La Nan et la Yom coulent presque parallèlement de <a href="/wiki/Phitsanulok" title="Phitsanulok">Phitsanulok</a> à <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chumsaeng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chumsaeng (page inexistante)">Chumsaeng</a> dans le Nord de la <a href="/wiki/Province_de_Nakhon_Sawan" title="Province de Nakhon Sawan">province de Nakhon Sawan</a>. La <a href="/wiki/Wang_(rivi%C3%A8re)" title="Wang (rivière)">Wang</a> se jette dans la Ping près du district de Sam Ngao dans la <a href="/wiki/Province_de_Tak" title="Province de Tak">province de Tak</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bassin_versant">Bassin versant</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chao_Phraya&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifier la section : Bassin versant" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chao_Phraya&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bassin versant"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il est formé de celui du Chao Phraya et de ses affluents<sup id="cite_ref-Chao_Phraya_Watershed_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chao_Phraya_Watershed-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. C'est le plus grand <a href="/wiki/Bassin_versant" title="Bassin versant">bassin versant</a> de Thaïlande, avec 157 924 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre carré">km<sup>2</sup></abbr>, soit environ 35 % de la surface du pays <sup id="cite_ref-Basins_of_Thailand_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Basins_of_Thailand-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Il est divisé en plusieurs sous-bassins : </p> <ul><li>le bassin de la <a href="/wiki/Pa_Sak" title="Pa Sak">Pa Sak</a></li> <li>le bassin de la <a href="/wiki/Sakae_Krang" title="Sakae Krang">Sakae Krang</a></li> <li>le grand bassin de la <a href="/wiki/Nan_(rivi%C3%A8re)" title="Nan (rivière)">Nan</a> (habituellement divisé entre le petit bassin de la Nan et celui de la <a href="/wiki/Yom_(rivi%C3%A8re)" title="Yom (rivière)">Yom</a>)</li> <li>le grand bassin de la <a href="/wiki/Ping_(rivi%C3%A8re)" title="Ping (rivière)">Ping</a> (habituellement divisé entre le petit bassin de la Ping et celui de la <a href="/wiki/Wang_(rivi%C3%A8re)" title="Wang (rivière)">Wang</a>)</li> <li>le bassin de la <a href="/wiki/Tha_Chin" title="Tha Chin">Tha Chin</a> (bien qu'elle ne soit qu'un bras du Chao Phraya)</li> <li>le bassin du Chao Phraya lui-même, défini par les surfaces qu'il draine directement, sans compter celles qui sont drainées par ses principaux affluents ou tributaires. Ainsi considéré, il ne représente qu'une surface de 20 126 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre carré">km<sup>2</sup></abbr><sup id="cite_ref-Basins_of_Thailand_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Basins_of_Thailand-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <p>Les frontières montagneuses du bassin forment une <a href="/wiki/Ligne_de_partage_des_eaux" title="Ligne de partage des eaux">ligne de partage des eaux</a> d'importance historique : elle a, dans une certaine mesure, isolé les Thaï des autres civilisations de l'Asie du Sud-est et a contribué à la naissance de leur culture originale. Dans le nord de la Thaïlande, une longue partie de cette ligne correspond à peu près à la frontière actuelle du pays. Dans le sud, elle ne joue pas ce rôle, les basses-terres bordant le golfe de Thaïlande ayant permis des communications plus faciles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Delta">Delta</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chao_Phraya&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifier la section : Delta" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chao_Phraya&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Delta"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le Chao Phraya forme de nombreux bras loin avant son embouchure, le plus important étant la <a href="/wiki/Tha_Chin" title="Tha Chin">Tha Chin</a>. Ces bras sont reliés par des canaux (<i><a href="/wiki/Khlong" title="Khlong">khlong</a></i>) qui servent aussi bien au transport qu'à l'irrigation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Écologie"><span id=".C3.89cologie"></span>Écologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chao_Phraya&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifier la section : Écologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chao_Phraya&action=edit&section=10" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Écologie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>"ไนน้ำมีปลา ไนนามีข้าว"</i> (litt. <i>"Dans l'eau il y a des poissons ; Dans les champs il y a du riz")</i><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, stèle de <a href="/wiki/Ramkhamhaeng" title="Ramkhamhaeng">Ramkhamhaeng</a> datée de 1292. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%87_Ram_Khamhaeng_Inscription_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%87_Ram_Khamhaeng_Inscription_03.jpg/220px-%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%87_Ram_Khamhaeng_Inscription_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%87_Ram_Khamhaeng_Inscription_03.jpg/330px-%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%87_Ram_Khamhaeng_Inscription_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%87_Ram_Khamhaeng_Inscription_03.jpg/440px-%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%87_Ram_Khamhaeng_Inscription_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2787" data-file-height="3716" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=St%C3%A8le_de_Ramkhamhaeng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stèle de Ramkhamhaeng (page inexistante)">Stèle de Ramkhamhaeng</a>, 1292, <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_national_de_Bangkok" title="Musée national de Bangkok">Musée national de Bangkok</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Faune">Faune</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chao_Phraya&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifier la section : Faune" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chao_Phraya&action=edit&section=11" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Faune"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Poissons">Poissons</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chao_Phraya&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifier la section : Poissons" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chao_Phraya&action=edit&section=12" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Poissons"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La Maenam Chao Phraya a une grande biodiversité aquatique avec près de 400 espèces de poissons (plus de 328 espèces de poissons<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>) : c'est moins que les 1100 espèces de poissons du fleuve <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9kong" title="Mékong">Mékong</a> mais plus que les <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_poissons_d%27eau_douce_en_France_m%C3%A9tropolitaine" title="Liste des poissons d'eau douce en France métropolitaine">120 espèces de poissons d'eau douce</a> de <a href="/wiki/France_m%C3%A9tropolitaine" title="France métropolitaine">France métropolitaine</a> et les 52 espèces de la <a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">Seine</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Epalzeorhynchos_bicolor1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Epalzeorhynchos_bicolor1.jpg/220px-Epalzeorhynchos_bicolor1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Epalzeorhynchos_bicolor1.jpg/330px-Epalzeorhynchos_bicolor1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Epalzeorhynchos_bicolor1.jpg/440px-Epalzeorhynchos_bicolor1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Labéo bicolore, espèce endémique de la Chao Phraya</figcaption></figure> <p>Il y a : </p><p>près de 250 espèces de cyprinidés (en France métropolitaine, on compte entre 46 et 49 espèces de cyprinidés) : </p> <ul><li><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Giant_Barb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Giant_Barb.jpg/220px-Giant_Barb.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Giant_Barb.jpg/330px-Giant_Barb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Giant_Barb.jpg/440px-Giant_Barb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Catlocarpio siamensis, endémique des fleuves <a href="/wiki/Mae_Klong" title="Mae Klong">Mae Klong</a>, Chao Phraya et <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9kong" title="Mékong">Mékong</a></figcaption></figure><a href="/wiki/Amblypharyngodon" title="Amblypharyngodon">amblypharyngodon</a> chulabhornae ; <a href="/wiki/Bangana" title="Bangana">bangana</a> behri ; <a href="/wiki/Barbonymus" title="Barbonymus">barbonymus</a> altus, barbeau de Java et barbonymus schwanenfeldii ; poisson géant <a href="/wiki/Catlocarpio_siamensis" title="Catlocarpio siamensis">catlocarpio siamensis</a> ; <a href="/wiki/Cirrhinus" title="Cirrhinus">cirrhinus</a> jullieni, cirrhinus microlepis, cirrhinus molitorella ; <a href="/wiki/Carpe_commune" title="Carpe commune">carpe commune</a> ; <a href="/wiki/Lab%C3%A9o_bicolore" title="Labéo bicolore">labéo bicolore</a> et <a href="/wiki/Epalzeorhynchos_frenatum" title="Epalzeorhynchos frenatum">epalzeorhynchos frenatum</a> ; <a href="/wiki/Esomus" title="Esomus">esomus</a> metallicus ; <a href="/wiki/Labeo" title="Labeo">labeo</a> dyocheilus ; <a href="/wiki/Luciosoma" title="Luciosoma">luciosoma</a> bleekeri ; <a href="/wiki/Osteochilus" title="Osteochilus">osteochilus</a> vittatus ; <a href="/wiki/Raiamas" title="Raiamas">raiamas</a> guttatus ; <a href="/wiki/Rasbora" title="Rasbora">rasbora</a> argyotaenia, <a href="/wiki/Rasbora_%C3%A0_queue_rouge" class="mw-redirect" title="Rasbora à queue rouge">rasbora à queue rouge</a> et <a href="/wiki/Rasbora-ciseaux" title="Rasbora-ciseaux">rasbora-ciseaux</a> ...</li></ul> <p>près de 50 espèces de poissons-chats (en France métropolitaine, il y a 2 espèces de poissons-chats, le <a href="/wiki/Poisson-chat_commun" class="mw-redirect" title="Poisson-chat commun">poisson-chat commun</a> et le <a href="/wiki/Silure_glane" title="Silure glane">silure glane</a>) : </p> <ul><li>des clariidae : <a href="/wiki/Silure_grenouille" class="mw-redirect" title="Silure grenouille">silure grenouille</a> ou poisson-chat marcheur et <a href="/wiki/Clarias" title="Clarias">clarias</a> macrocephalus ... ;</li> <li>des pangasiidae : panga <a href="/wiki/Pangasianodon_hypophthalmus" title="Pangasianodon hypophthalmus">pangasianodon hypophthalmus</a> ; <a href="/wiki/Pangasius" title="Pangasius">pangasius</a> bocourti, pangasius conchophilus, pangasius larnaudii et poisson-chat géant <a href="/wiki/Pangasius_sanitwongsei" title="Pangasius sanitwongsei">pangasius sanitwongsei</a> ... ;</li> <li>des siluriadae : poisson-chat au corps transparent <a href="/wiki/Kryptopterus" title="Kryptopterus">kryptopterus</a> ; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wallago_attu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wallago attu (page inexistante)">wallago attu</a> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wallago_micropogon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wallago micropogon (page inexistante)">wallago micropogon</a> ... ;</li> <li>des sisoriadae : poissons-chats des eaux rapides bagarius bagarius, <a href="/wiki/Bagarius_suchus" title="Bagarius suchus">bagarius suchus</a> et bagarius yarrelli ...</li> <li><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Pangasius_sanitwongsei_Aquarium_tropical_du_Palais_de_la_Porte_Dor%C3%A9e_10_04_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Pangasius_sanitwongsei_Aquarium_tropical_du_Palais_de_la_Porte_Dor%C3%A9e_10_04_2016.jpg/220px-Pangasius_sanitwongsei_Aquarium_tropical_du_Palais_de_la_Porte_Dor%C3%A9e_10_04_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Pangasius_sanitwongsei_Aquarium_tropical_du_Palais_de_la_Porte_Dor%C3%A9e_10_04_2016.jpg/330px-Pangasius_sanitwongsei_Aquarium_tropical_du_Palais_de_la_Porte_Dor%C3%A9e_10_04_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Pangasius_sanitwongsei_Aquarium_tropical_du_Palais_de_la_Porte_Dor%C3%A9e_10_04_2016.jpg/440px-Pangasius_sanitwongsei_Aquarium_tropical_du_Palais_de_la_Porte_Dor%C3%A9e_10_04_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1957" data-file-height="1300" /></a><figcaption>Pangasius sanitwongsei, endémique des fleuves Chao Phraya et <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9kong" title="Mékong">Mékong</a></figcaption></figure>mais aussi quelques espèces considérées comme disparues tel le <a href="/wiki/Platytropius_siamensis" title="Platytropius siamensis">platytropius siamensis</a> ...</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Poissons-chats_du_Khlong_Bangkok_Noi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Poissons-chats_du_Khlong_Bangkok_Noi.jpg/220px-Poissons-chats_du_Khlong_Bangkok_Noi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Poissons-chats_du_Khlong_Bangkok_Noi.jpg/330px-Poissons-chats_du_Khlong_Bangkok_Noi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Poissons-chats_du_Khlong_Bangkok_Noi.jpg/440px-Poissons-chats_du_Khlong_Bangkok_Noi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="1816" /></a><figcaption>Poissons-chats, Khlong <a href="/wiki/Bangkok_Noi" title="Bangkok Noi">Bangkok Noi</a></figcaption></figure> <p>et bien d'autres espèces : </p> <ul><li>anabandidae : <a href="/wiki/Perche_grimpeuse" class="mw-disambig" title="Perche grimpeuse">perche grimpeuse</a> ;</li> <li>ambassidae : <a href="/wiki/Parambassis" title="Parambassis">parambassis</a> siamensis ... ;</li> <li>aplocheilidae : <a href="/wiki/Aplocheilus" title="Aplocheilus">aplocheilus</a> panchax ;</li> <li>bootidae :; <a href="/wiki/Yasuhikotakia" title="Yasuhikotakia">yasuhikotakia</a> modesta et <a href="/wiki/Yasuhikotakia_morleti" title="Yasuhikotakia morleti">yasuhikotakia morleti</a> ... ;</li> <li>channidae : poissons à tête de serpent <a href="/wiki/Channa_(poisson)" title="Channa (poisson)">channa</a> lucius, <a href="/wiki/Channa_micropeltes" title="Channa micropeltes">channa micropeltes</a> et <a href="/wiki/Channa_striata" title="Channa striata">channa striata</a> ... ;</li> <li>cobitidae : <a href="/wiki/Acantopsis" title="Acantopsis">acantopsis</a> dialuzona ... ; <a href="/wiki/Ambastaia_nigrolineata" title="Ambastaia nigrolineata">ambastaia nigrolineata</a> ... ;</li> <li>cynoglossidae : poissons plats pleuronectiformes <a href="/wiki/Cynoglossus" title="Cynoglossus">cynoglossus</a> fledamnni et cynoglossus microlepsis ... ;</li> <li>dasyatidae : raies géantes <a href="/wiki/Himantura_chaophraya" title="Himantura chaophraya">himantura Chaophraya</a> et <a href="/wiki/Himantura_polylepis" title="Himantura polylepis">himantura polylepis</a> ; raie <a href="/wiki/Himantura" title="Himantura">himantura</a> signifer ... ;</li> <li>gobiidae : <a href="/wiki/Brachygobius" title="Brachygobius">poissons bourdons</a> ; gobies <a href="/wiki/Rhinogobius" title="Rhinogobius">rhinogobius</a> mekongianus ... ;</li> <li>mastacembelidae : anguilles épineuses des marais <a href="/wiki/Macrognathus" title="Macrognathus">macrognathus</a> siamensis, <a href="/wiki/Mastacembelus_armatus" title="Mastacembelus armatus">mastacembelus armatus</a> et <a href="/wiki/Mastacembelus" title="Mastacembelus">mastacembelus</a> erythrotaenia ... ;</li> <li>notopteridae : <a href="/wiki/Chitala" title="Chitala">chitala</a> banci et chitala ornata ... ; <a href="/wiki/Notopterus_notopterus" title="Notopterus notopterus">notopterus notopterus</a> ;</li> <li>osphronemidae : <a href="/wiki/Gourami_perl%C3%A9" title="Gourami perlé">gourami perlé</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trichogaster" title="Trichogaster">trichogaster</a> microlepis, trichogaster pectoralis, <a href="/wiki/Gourami_bleu" title="Gourami bleu">gourami bleu</a> ; <a href="/wiki/Poisson_combattant" class="mw-redirect" title="Poisson combattant">poisson combattant</a> ; <a href="/wiki/Osphronemus" title="Osphronemus">osphronemus</a> goramy ; <a href="/wiki/Trichopsis" title="Trichopsis">trichopsis</a> pumila ... ;</li> <li>soleidae : poisson-plat pleuronectiforme <a href="/wiki/Brachirus" title="Brachirus">brachirus</a> harmandi ;</li> <li>synbranchidae : anguille des marais <a href="/wiki/Monopterus" title="Monopterus">monopterus</a> albus ... ;</li> <li>tetraodontidae : poissons-globes marins et des eaux saumâtres <a href="/wiki/Auriglobus" title="Auriglobus">auriglobus</a> modestus ; <a href="/wiki/Tetraodon" title="Tetraodon">tetraodon</a> abei, tetraodon cambodgiensis et tetraodon cochinchinensis ;</li> <li>toxotidae : poisson-archer <a href="/wiki/Toxotes_chatareus" title="Toxotes chatareus">toxotes chatareus</a>, poisson-archer à bandes noires <a href="/wiki/Toxotes_jaculatrix" title="Toxotes jaculatrix">toxotes jaculatrix</a> et <a href="/wiki/Toxotes" title="Toxotes">toxotes</a> microlepis etc.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flore">Flore</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chao_Phraya&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifier la section : Flore" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chao_Phraya&action=edit&section=13" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Flore"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Problèmes_environnementaux"><span id="Probl.C3.A8mes_environnementaux"></span>Problèmes environnementaux</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chao_Phraya&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifier la section : Problèmes environnementaux" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chao_Phraya&action=edit&section=14" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Problèmes environnementaux"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le fleuve Chao Phraya est un fleuve extrêmement pollué<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, pollution organique et bactériologique<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> mais aussi pollution par les déchets plastiques<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La grave pollution de mars 2007 due probablement à un déversement de produits chimiques a par exemple causé la mort de plus d'un million de poissons entre Ayutthaya et Bangkok<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chao_Phraya&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chao_Phraya&action=edit&section=15" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en anglais intitulé <span class="plainlinks">« <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chao_Phraya_River?oldid=197354516">Chao Phraya River</a> » <small>(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chao_Phraya_River?action=history">voir la liste des auteurs</a>)</small></span>.</li></ul> <div class="references-small decimal" style="column-width:30em;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="CourantPhurksakasemuk2017"><span class="ouvrage" id="Stéphane_CourantPrakaidao_Phurksakasemuk2017">Stéphane Courant et Prakaidao Phurksakasemuk (<abbr class="abbr" title="photographies">photogr.</abbr> Pascal Quennehen et Stéphane Courant), « <cite style="font-style:normal">Les péniches du Chao Phraya</cite> », <i>Gavroche Thaïlande</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 274,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-08" data-sort-value="2017-08">août 2017</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 40 à 44 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gavroche-thailande.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Gavroche-2017-08-Aout.pdf">lire en ligne</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-pdf" title="Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF) d'Adobe">[PDF]</abbr>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Les+p%C3%A9niches+du+Chao+Phraya&rft.jtitle=Gavroche+Tha%C3%AFlande&rft.issue=274&rft.aulast=Courant&rft.aufirst=St%C3%A9phane&rft.au=Prakaidao+Phurksakasemuk&rft.date=2017-08&rft.pages=40+%C3%A0+44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AChao+Phraya"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RID_River_Gauges-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-RID_River_Gauges_2-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://157.82.150.160/GAME-T/GAIN-T/routine/rid-river/RIDstations.html">Royal Irrigation Department River Gauges Report</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RID_River_Gagues-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-RID_River_Gagues_3-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://157.82.150.160/GAME-T/GAIN-T/routine/rid-river/RIDstations.html">Royal Irrigation Department River Guages Report</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Google_Earth-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Google_Earth_4-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Google Earth</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chao_Phraya_Watershed-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Chao_Phraya_Watershed_5-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.premcenter.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=246&Itemid=830">River and Watershed Facts on the Chao Phraya</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Basins_of_Thailand-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Basins_of_Thailand_6-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Basins_of_Thailand_6-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pwa.co.th/english/l_basins.htm">Basins of Thailand</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="LithicharoenpornLithicharoenporn2019"><span class="ouvrage" id="Sirikul_LithicharoenpornMai_Lithicharoenporn2019"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langues : français et thaï">(fr + th)</abbr> Sirikul Lithicharoenporn et Mai Lithicharoenporn, <cite class="italique" lang="fr">Thaï : Les bases</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Assimil" title="Assimil">Assimil</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr> « Les cahiers d'écriture », <time class="nowrap" datetime="2019-02" data-sort-value="2019-02">février 2019</time>, 128 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7005-0830-7" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7005-0830-7"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7005-0830-7</span></a>)</small>, Expressions et proverbes thaïs page 114<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tha%C3%AF&rft.pub=Assimil&rft.stitle=Les+bases&rft.aulast=Lithicharoenporn&rft.aufirst=Sirikul&rft.au=Mai+Lithicharoenporn&rft.date=2019-02&rft.pages=Expressions+et+proverbes+tha%C3%AFs+page+114&rft.tpages=128&rft.isbn=978-2-7005-0830-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AChao+Phraya"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fishbase.se/TrophicEco/FishEcoList.php?ve_code=161"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Species in the Chao Phraya River</cite></a> » (Liste incomplète de 328 espèces de poissons de la Chao Phraya), sur <span class="italique">fishbase.se</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-03-21" data-sort-value="2021-03-21">21 mars 2021</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Baffie_et_Thanida_Boonwanno2012"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean_Baffie_et_Thanida_Boonwanno2012">Jean Baffie et Thanida Boonwanno, <cite class="italique">Dictionnaire insolite de la Thaïlande</cite>, Cosmopole éditions, <time>2012</time>, 160 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-84630-084-1" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-84630-084-1"><span class="nowrap">978-2-84630-084-1</span></a>)</small>, CHAO PHRAYA pages 30 et 31<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+insolite+de+la+Tha%C3%AFlande&rft.pub=Cosmopole+%C3%A9ditions&rft.au=Jean+Baffie+et+Thanida+Boonwanno&rft.date=2012&rft.pages=CHAO+PHRAYA+pages+30+et+31&rft.tpages=160&rft.isbn=978-2-84630-084-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AChao+Phraya"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Delbecq2003"><span class="ouvrage" id="Denis_Delbecq2003">Denis Delbecq, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liberation.fr/livres/2011/06/30/l-heure-du-thai_746089/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">L'«exemple» thaïlandais</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">liberation.fr</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2003-03-05" data-sort-value="2003-03-05">5 mars 2003</time></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="AFP2016">AFP, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liberte-algerie.com/magazine/bangkok-noyee-sous-les-dechets-plastiques-254318"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Bangkok noyée sous les déchets plastiques</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">liberte-algerie.com</span>, <i>Liberté (Algérie)</i>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2016-09-07" data-sort-value="2016-09-07">7 septembre 2016</time></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="AFP2020">AFP, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.journaldemontreal.com/2020/06/18/thailande-les-dechets-plastiques-explosent-avec-la-pandemie"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Thaïlande : les déchets plastiques explosent avec la pandémie</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">journaldemontreal.com</span>, <i>Le Journal de Montréal</i>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-06-18" data-sort-value="2020-06-18">18 juin 2020</time></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Belge2007"><span class="ouvrage" id="Frédéric_Belge2007">Frédéric Belge, « <cite style="font-style:normal">Pollueur = Payeur !</cite> », <i>Gavroche Thaïlande</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 151,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2007-04" data-sort-value="2007-04">avril 2007</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 16 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gavroche-thailande.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Gavroche-2007-Apr..pdf">lire en ligne</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-pdf" title="Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF) d'Adobe">[PDF]</abbr>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Pollueur+%3D+Payeur+%21&rft.jtitle=Gavroche+Tha%C3%AFlande&rft.issue=151&rft.aulast=Belge&rft.aufirst=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric&rft.date=2007-04&rft.pages=16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AChao+Phraya"></span></span></span></span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chao_Phraya&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chao_Phraya&action=edit&section=16" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chao_Phraya&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chao_Phraya&action=edit&section=17" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9kong" title="Mékong">Mékong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salouen" title="Salouen">Salouen</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chao_Phraya&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chao_Phraya&action=edit&section=18" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bibliographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Bangkok Waterways</i>, William Warren and R. Ian Lloyd, Asia Books, <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/981-00-1011-7" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/981-00-1011-7"><span class="nowrap">981-00-1011-7</span></a>)</small>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chao_Phraya&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chao_Phraya&action=edit&section=19" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style><div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chao_Phraya?uselang=fr">Chao Phraya</a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li> </ul> </div> <div class="noprint wikilien_alternatif" style="clear:right; float:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em;width:262px;border:solid #AAAAAA 1px; background:#f9f9f9;padding:0px;font-size:90%;text-align:left;"> <table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <tbody><tr valign="middle"> <td style="line-height:50px;vertical-align:middle;position:relative" align="center" valign="middle"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Chao_Phraya" title="Chao Phraya"><img alt="wikilien alternatif2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Fluent_Emoji_flat_1f30f.svg/50px-Fluent_Emoji_flat_1f30f.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Fluent_Emoji_flat_1f30f.svg/75px-Fluent_Emoji_flat_1f30f.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Fluent_Emoji_flat_1f30f.svg/100px-Fluent_Emoji_flat_1f30f.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="320" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td valign="middle"> <p>Les coordonnées de cet article : </p> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://osm4wiki.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/wiki/wiki-osm.pl?project=fr&article=Chao_Phraya">sur <span class="lang-en" lang="en">OpenStreetMap</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://bing-maps.toolforge.org/?project=fr&article=Chao_Phraya">sur Bing Cartes</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://kmlexport.toolforge.org/?project=fr&article=Chao_Phraya&usecache=0">au format KML</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://mapycz.toolforge.org/?project=fr&article=Chao_Phraya">sur Mapy</a> en tchèque</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers">Notices dans des dictionnaires ou encyclopédies généralistes<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118850?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Chao-Phraya-River"><i>Britannica</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://denstoredanske.lex.dk//Chao_Phraya/"><i>Den Store Danske Encyklopædi</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sapere.it/enciclopedia/Chao%2BPhraya.html"><i>Enciclopedia De Agostini</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/EC-GEC-0017365.xml"><i>Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=11455"><i>Hrvatska Enciklopedija</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;3939596"><i>Internetowa encyklopedia PWN</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/lång/menam"><i>Nationalencyklopedin</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snl.no/Chao_Phraya"><i>Store norske leksikon</i></a></li> </ul></div></li> <li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers"><a href="/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l%27information)" title="Autorité (sciences de l'information)">Notices d'autorité</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118850?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/315128312">VIAF</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15354660w">BnF</a></span> (<span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15354660w">données</a></span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/034069690">IdRef</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85022557">LCCN</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007284937605171">Israël</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35650490">Australie</a></span></li> </ul></div></li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/water/wwap/case_studies/chao_phraya/index.shtml">UNESCO World Water Assessment Program on the Chao Phraya</a></li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://std.cpc.ku.ac.th/delta/conf/home2.htm">Chao Phraya Delta Research and Reference Site</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Cours_d%27eau_en_Tha%C3%AFlande" title="Modèle:Palette Cours d'eau en Thaïlande"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Cours_d%27eau_en_Tha%C3%AFlande&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><u><a href="/wiki/Fleuve" title="Fleuve">Fleuves</a></u> et <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_cours_d%27eau_en_Tha%C3%AFlande" title="Liste des cours d'eau en Thaïlande">rivières</a> en <a href="/wiki/Tha%C3%AFlande" title="Thaïlande">Thaïlande</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">inf. à 5 000 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><u><b><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9kong" title="Mékong">Mékong</a></b></u></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">inf. à 3 000 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chi_(rivi%C3%A8re)" title="Chi (rivière)">Chi</a></li> <li><u><b><a href="/wiki/Salouen" title="Salouen">Salouen</a></b></u></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">inf. à 1 000 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mun_(rivi%C3%A8re)" title="Mun (rivière)">Mun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nan_(rivi%C3%A8re)" title="Nan (rivière)">Nan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa_Sak" title="Pa Sak">Pa Sak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ping_(rivi%C3%A8re)" title="Ping (rivière)">Ping</a></li> <li><u><b><a href="/wiki/Tha_Chin" title="Tha Chin">Tha Chin</a></b></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_(rivi%C3%A8re)" title="Yom (rivière)">Yom</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">inf. à 500 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><u><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chao Phraya</a></b></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwa%C3%AF_Yai" title="Kwaï Yai">Kwaï Yai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moei" title="Moei">Moei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruak" title="Ruak">Ruak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_(rivi%C3%A8re)" title="Wang (rivière)">Wang</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">inf. à 300 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><u><b><a href="/wiki/Bang_Pakong" title="Bang Pakong">Bang Pakong</a></b></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lam_Dom_Noi" title="Lam Dom Noi">Lam Dom Noi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwae_Noi" title="Khwae Noi">Khwae Noi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kok_(rivi%C3%A8re)" title="Kok (rivière)">Kok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwa%C3%AF" title="Kwaï">Kwaï</a></li> <li><u><b><a href="/wiki/Mae_Klong" title="Mae Klong">Mae Klong</a></b></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakhon_Nayok_(rivi%C3%A8re)" title="Nakhon Nayok (rivière)">Nakhon Nayok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pai_(rivi%C3%A8re)" title="Pai (rivière)">Pai</a></li> <li><u><b><a href="/wiki/Pattani_(fleuve)" title="Pattani (fleuve)">Pattani</a></b></u></li> <li><u><b><a href="/wiki/Phetchaburi_(fleuve)" title="Phetchaburi (fleuve)">Phetchaburi</a></b></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakae_Krang" title="Sakae Krang">Sakae Krang</a></li> <li><u><b><a href="/wiki/Tapi" title="Tapi">Tapi</a></b></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Thong" title="Wang Thong">Wang Thong</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">inf. à 100 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><u><b><a href="/wiki/Kraburi" title="Kraburi">Kraburi</a></b></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lopburi_(rivi%C3%A8re)" title="Lopburi (rivière)">Lopburi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonthi" title="Sonthi">Sonthi</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">inf. à 10 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><a href="/wiki/Krabi_(rivi%C3%A8re)" title="Krabi (rivière)">Krabi</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">longueur inconnue</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khlong" title="Khlong">Khlong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prachin_Buri" title="Prachin Buri">Prachin Buri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wat_Ta_Yom" title="Wat Ta Yom">Wat Ta Yom</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-banner" style="" colspan="2">⇒ Les <a href="/wiki/Fleuve" title="Fleuve">fleuves</a> sont en gras et soulignés, les <a href="/wiki/Rivi%C3%A8re" title="Rivière">rivières</a> normal ⇐</td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Lacs_et_cours_d%27eau" title="Portail des lacs et cours d'eau"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Icon_river_delta.svg/22px-Icon_river_delta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Icon_river_delta.svg/32px-Icon_river_delta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Icon_river_delta.svg/43px-Icon_river_delta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Lacs_et_cours_d%27eau" title="Portail:Lacs et cours d'eau">Portail des lacs et cours d'eau</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Bangkok" title="Portail de Bangkok"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_Bangkok.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bangkok.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_Bangkok.svg/50px-Flag_of_Bangkok.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_Bangkok.svg/66px-Flag_of_Bangkok.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Bangkok" title="Portail:Bangkok">Portail de Bangkok</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Tha%C3%AFlande" title="Portail de la Thaïlande"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/33px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/50px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/66px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Tha%C3%AFlande" title="Portail:Thaïlande">Portail de la Thaïlande</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ce document provient de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chao_Phraya&oldid=216859877">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chao_Phraya&oldid=216859877</a> ».</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Accueil" title="Catégorie:Accueil">Catégories</a> : <ul><li><a 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