CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Bappa Rawal - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"a31f1719-5f95-46b2-af3e-d1e05bad8909","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Bappa_Rawal","wgTitle":"Bappa Rawal","wgCurRevisionId":1253242230,"wgRevisionId":1253242230,"wgArticleId":3036043, "wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Bappa_Rawal","wgRelevantArticleId":3036043,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFMode":"stable","wgMFAmc":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachActive":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachUserEligible":false,"wgMFLazyLoadImages":true,"wgMFEditNoticesFeatureConflict":false,"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgMFIsSupportedEditRequest":true,"wgMFScriptPath":"", "wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":true,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgSectionTranslationMissingLanguages":[{"lang":"ace","autonym":"Acèh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ady","autonym":"адыгабзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"alt","autonym":"алтай тил","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"am","autonym":"አማርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ami","autonym":"Pangcah","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"an","autonym":"aragonés","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ang","autonym":"Ænglisc","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ann","autonym":"Obolo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"anp","autonym":"अंगिका","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ar","autonym":"العربية","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ary","autonym":"الدارجة","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"arz","autonym":"مصرى","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"as","autonym":"অসমীয়া","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ast","autonym":"asturianu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"av","autonym":"авар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"avk","autonym": "Kotava","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"awa","autonym":"अवधी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ay","autonym":"Aymar aru","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"az","autonym":"azərbaycanca","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"azb","autonym":"تۆرکجه","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ba","autonym":"башҡортса","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ban","autonym":"Basa Bali","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bar","autonym":"Boarisch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bbc","autonym":"Batak Toba","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bcl","autonym":"Bikol Central","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bdr","autonym":"Bajau Sama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"be","autonym":"беларуская","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bew","autonym":"Betawi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bg","autonym":"български","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bho","autonym":"भोजपुरी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bi","autonym":"Bislama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bjn","autonym":"Banjar","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"blk","autonym":"ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bm","autonym":"bamanankan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bo","autonym": "བོད་ཡིག","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bpy","autonym":"বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"br","autonym":"brezhoneg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bs","autonym":"bosanski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"btm","autonym":"Batak Mandailing","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bug","autonym":"Basa Ugi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ca","autonym":"català","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cdo","autonym":"閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ce","autonym":"нохчийн","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ceb","autonym":"Cebuano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ch","autonym":"Chamoru","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"chr","autonym":"ᏣᎳᎩ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ckb","autonym":"کوردی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"co","autonym":"corsu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cr","autonym":"Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"crh","autonym":"qırımtatarca","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cs","autonym":"čeština","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cu","autonym": "словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cy","autonym":"Cymraeg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"da","autonym":"dansk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dag","autonym":"dagbanli","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"de","autonym":"Deutsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dga","autonym":"Dagaare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"din","autonym":"Thuɔŋjäŋ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"diq","autonym":"Zazaki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dsb","autonym":"dolnoserbski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dtp","autonym":"Kadazandusun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dv","autonym":"ދިވެހިބަސް","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"dz","autonym":"ཇོང་ཁ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ee","autonym":"eʋegbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"el","autonym":"Ελληνικά","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"eml","autonym":"emiliàn e rumagnòl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"eo","autonym":"Esperanto","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"et","autonym":"eesti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"eu","autonym":"euskara","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fa","autonym":"فارسی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"fat","autonym":"mfantse", "dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ff","autonym":"Fulfulde","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fi","autonym":"suomi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fj","autonym":"Na Vosa Vakaviti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fo","autonym":"føroyskt","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fon","autonym":"fɔ̀ngbè","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fr","autonym":"français","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"frp","autonym":"arpetan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"frr","autonym":"Nordfriisk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fur","autonym":"furlan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fy","autonym":"Frysk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gag","autonym":"Gagauz","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gan","autonym":"贛語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gcr","autonym":"kriyòl gwiyannen","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gl","autonym":"galego","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"glk","autonym":"گیلکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"gn","autonym":"Avañe'ẽ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gom","autonym":"गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gor","autonym":"Bahasa Hulontalo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gpe","autonym":"Ghanaian Pidgin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang": "gu","autonym":"ગુજરાતી","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guc","autonym":"wayuunaiki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gur","autonym":"farefare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guw","autonym":"gungbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gv","autonym":"Gaelg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ha","autonym":"Hausa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hak","autonym":"客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"haw","autonym":"Hawaiʻi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"he","autonym":"עברית","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"hif","autonym":"Fiji Hindi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hr","autonym":"hrvatski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hsb","autonym":"hornjoserbsce","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ht","autonym":"Kreyòl ayisyen","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hu","autonym":"magyar","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hy","autonym":"հայերեն","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hyw","autonym":"Արեւմտահայերէն","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ia","autonym":"interlingua","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iba","autonym":"Jaku Iban","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ie","autonym":"Interlingue","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ig","autonym":"Igbo","dir": "ltr"},{"lang":"igl","autonym":"Igala","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ilo","autonym":"Ilokano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"io","autonym":"Ido","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"is","autonym":"íslenska","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"it","autonym":"italiano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iu","autonym":"ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ja","autonym":"日本語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"jam","autonym":"Patois","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"jv","autonym":"Jawa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ka","autonym":"ქართული","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kaa","autonym":"Qaraqalpaqsha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kab","autonym":"Taqbaylit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbd","autonym":"адыгэбзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbp","autonym":"Kabɩyɛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kcg","autonym":"Tyap","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kg","autonym":"Kongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kge","autonym":"Kumoring","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ki","autonym":"Gĩkũyũ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kk","autonym":"қазақша","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kl","autonym":"kalaallisut","dir":"ltr"},{ "lang":"km","autonym":"ភាសាខ្មែរ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kn","autonym":"ಕನ್ನಡ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ko","autonym":"한국어","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"koi","autonym":"перем коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"krc","autonym":"къарачай-малкъар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ks","autonym":"कॉशुर / کٲشُر","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ku","autonym":"kurdî","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kus","autonym":"Kʋsaal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kv","autonym":"коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kw","autonym":"kernowek","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ky","autonym":"кыргызча","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lad","autonym":"Ladino","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lb","autonym":"Lëtzebuergesch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lez","autonym":"лезги","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lg","autonym":"Luganda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"li","autonym":"Limburgs","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lij","autonym":"Ligure","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lld","autonym":"Ladin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lmo","autonym":"lombard","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ln", "autonym":"lingála","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lo","autonym":"ລາວ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lt","autonym":"lietuvių","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ltg","autonym":"latgaļu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lv","autonym":"latviešu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mad","autonym":"Madhurâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mai","autonym":"मैथिली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"map-bms","autonym":"Basa Banyumasan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mdf","autonym":"мокшень","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mg","autonym":"Malagasy","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mhr","autonym":"олык марий","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mi","autonym":"Māori","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"min","autonym":"Minangkabau","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mk","autonym":"македонски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ml","autonym":"മലയാളം","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mn","autonym":"монгол","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mni","autonym":"ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mnw","autonym":"ဘာသာမန်","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mos","autonym":"moore","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mr", "autonym":"मराठी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mrj","autonym":"кырык мары","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ms","autonym":"Bahasa Melayu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mt","autonym":"Malti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mwl","autonym":"Mirandés","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"my","autonym":"မြန်မာဘာသာ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"myv","autonym":"эрзянь","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mzn","autonym":"مازِرونی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"nah","autonym":"Nāhuatl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nan","autonym":"閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nap","autonym":"Napulitano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nb","autonym":"norsk bokmål","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nds","autonym":"Plattdüütsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nds-nl","autonym":"Nedersaksies","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"new","autonym":"नेपाल भाषा","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nia","autonym":"Li Niha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nl","autonym":"Nederlands","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nn","autonym":"norsk nynorsk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nqo","autonym":"ߒߞߏ","dir" :"rtl"},{"lang":"nr","autonym":"isiNdebele seSewula","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nso","autonym":"Sesotho sa Leboa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ny","autonym":"Chi-Chewa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"oc","autonym":"occitan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"om","autonym":"Oromoo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"or","autonym":"ଓଡ଼ିଆ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"os","autonym":"ирон","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pag","autonym":"Pangasinan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pam","autonym":"Kapampangan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pap","autonym":"Papiamentu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcd","autonym":"Picard","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcm","autonym":"Naijá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pdc","autonym":"Deitsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pl","autonym":"polski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pms","autonym":"Piemontèis","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ps","autonym":"پښتو","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"pt","autonym":"português","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pwn","autonym":"pinayuanan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"qu","autonym":"Runa Simi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rm","autonym":"rumantsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang": "rn","autonym":"ikirundi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ro","autonym":"română","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rsk","autonym":"руски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rue","autonym":"русиньскый","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rup","autonym":"armãneashti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rw","autonym":"Ikinyarwanda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sa","autonym":"संस्कृतम्","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sah","autonym":"саха тыла","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sat","autonym":"ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sc","autonym":"sardu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"scn","autonym":"sicilianu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sco","autonym":"Scots","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sd","autonym":"سنڌي","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"se","autonym":"davvisámegiella","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sg","autonym":"Sängö","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sgs","autonym":"žemaitėška","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sh","autonym":"srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shi","autonym":"Taclḥit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shn","autonym": "ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"si","autonym":"සිංහල","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sk","autonym":"slovenčina","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"skr","autonym":"سرائیکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"sl","autonym":"slovenščina","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sm","autonym":"Gagana Samoa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"smn","autonym":"anarâškielâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sn","autonym":"chiShona","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"so","autonym":"Soomaaliga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sq","autonym":"shqip","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sr","autonym":"српски / srpski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"srn","autonym":"Sranantongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ss","autonym":"SiSwati","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"st","autonym":"Sesotho","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"stq","autonym":"Seeltersk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"su","autonym":"Sunda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sv","autonym":"svenska","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sw","autonym":"Kiswahili","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"szl","autonym":"ślůnski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tay","autonym":"Tayal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tcy", "autonym":"ತುಳು","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tdd","autonym":"ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"te","autonym":"తెలుగు","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tet","autonym":"tetun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tg","autonym":"тоҷикӣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"th","autonym":"ไทย","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ti","autonym":"ትግርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tk","autonym":"Türkmençe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tl","autonym":"Tagalog","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tly","autonym":"tolışi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tn","autonym":"Setswana","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"to","autonym":"lea faka-Tonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tpi","autonym":"Tok Pisin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tr","autonym":"Türkçe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"trv","autonym":"Seediq","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ts","autonym":"Xitsonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tt","autonym":"татарча / tatarça","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tum","autonym":"chiTumbuka","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tw","autonym":"Twi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ty","autonym":"reo tahiti","dir":"ltr"}, {"lang":"tyv","autonym":"тыва дыл","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"udm","autonym":"удмурт","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"uz","autonym":"oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ve","autonym":"Tshivenda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vec","autonym":"vèneto","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vep","autonym":"vepsän kel’","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vi","autonym":"Tiếng Việt","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vls","autonym":"West-Vlams","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vo","autonym":"Volapük","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vro","autonym":"võro","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wa","autonym":"walon","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"war","autonym":"Winaray","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wo","autonym":"Wolof","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wuu","autonym":"吴语","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xal","autonym":"хальмг","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xh","autonym":"isiXhosa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xmf","autonym":"მარგალური","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yi","autonym":"ייִדיש","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"yo","autonym":"Yorùbá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yue","autonym":"粵語","dir" :"ltr"},{"lang":"za","autonym":"Vahcuengh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zgh","autonym":"ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zh","autonym":"中文","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zu","autonym":"isiZulu","dir":"ltr"}],"wgSectionTranslationTargetLanguages":["ace","ady","alt","am","ami","an","ang","ann","anp","ar","ary","arz","as","ast","av","avk","awa","ay","az","azb","ba","ban","bar","bbc","bcl","bdr","be","bew","bg","bho","bi","bjn","blk","bm","bn","bo","bpy","br","bs","btm","bug","ca","cdo","ce","ceb","ch","chr","ckb","co","cr","crh","cs","cu","cy","da","dag","de","dga","din","diq","dsb","dtp","dv","dz","ee","el","eml","eo","es","et","eu","fa","fat","ff","fi","fj","fo","fon","fr","frp","frr","fur","fy","gag","gan","gcr","gl","glk","gn","gom","gor","gpe","gu","guc","gur","guw","gv","ha","hak","haw","he","hi","hif","hr","hsb","ht","hu","hy","hyw","ia","iba","ie","ig","igl","ilo","io","is","it","iu","ja","jam","jv","ka","kaa","kab","kbd","kbp","kcg","kg","kge","ki", "kk","kl","km","kn","ko","koi","krc","ks","ku","kus","kv","kw","ky","lad","lb","lez","lg","li","lij","lld","lmo","ln","lo","lt","ltg","lv","mad","mai","map-bms","mdf","mg","mhr","mi","min","mk","ml","mn","mni","mnw","mos","mr","mrj","ms","mt","mwl","my","myv","mzn","nah","nan","nap","nb","nds","nds-nl","ne","new","nia","nl","nn","nqo","nr","nso","ny","oc","om","or","os","pa","pag","pam","pap","pcd","pcm","pdc","pl","pms","pnb","ps","pt","pwn","qu","rm","rn","ro","rsk","rue","rup","rw","sa","sah","sat","sc","scn","sco","sd","se","sg","sgs","sh","shi","shn","si","sk","skr","sl","sm","smn","sn","so","sq","sr","srn","ss","st","stq","su","sv","sw","szl","ta","tay","tcy","tdd","te","tet","tg","th","ti","tk","tl","tly","tn","to","tpi","tr","trv","ts","tt","tum","tw","ty","tyv","udm","ur","uz","ve","vec","vep","vi","vls","vo","vro","wa","war","wo","wuu","xal","xh","xmf","yi","yo","yue","za","zgh","zh","zu"],"isLanguageSearcherCXEntrypointEnabled":true,"mintEntrypointLanguages":["ace","ast", "azb","bcl","bjn","bh","crh","ff","fon","ig","is","ki","ks","lmo","min","sat","ss","tn","vec"],"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q4857563","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgMinervaPermissions":{"watchable":true,"watch":false},"wgMinervaFeatures":{"beta":false,"donate":true,"mobileOptionsLink":true,"categories":false,"pageIssues":true,"talkAtTop":true,"historyInPageActions":false,"overflowSubmenu":false,"tabsOnSpecials":true,"personalMenu":false,"mainMenuExpanded":false,"echo":true,"nightMode":true},"wgMinervaDownloadNamespaces":[0]};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready", "skins.minerva.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.content.styles.images":"ready","mediawiki.hlist":"ready","skins.minerva.codex.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.icons":"ready","skins.minerva.amc.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","mobile.init.styles":"ready","ext.relatedArticles.styles":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.minerva.scripts","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","mobile.init","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.relatedArticles.readMore.bootstrap","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.entrypoints.mffrequentlanguages","ext.cx.entrypoints.languagesearcher.init","mw.externalguidance.init","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession", "wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.relatedArticles.styles%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.hlist%7Cmobile.init.styles%7Cskins.minerva.amc.styles%7Cskins.minerva.codex.styles%7Cskins.minerva.content.styles.images%7Cskins.minerva.icons%2Cstyles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=minerva"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#eaecf0"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Bappa_Rawal.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1467"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Bappa_Rawal.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="978"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="782"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes, minimum-scale=0.25, maximum-scale=5.0"> <meta property="og:title" content="Bappa Rawal - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="manifest" href="/w/api.php?action=webapp-manifest"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Bappa_Rawal&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bappa_Rawal"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Bappa_Rawal rootpage-Bappa_Rawal stable issues-group-B skin-minerva action-view skin--responsive mw-mf-amc-disabled mw-mf"><div id="mw-mf-viewport"> <div id="mw-mf-page-center"> <a class="mw-mf-page-center__mask" href="#"></a> <header class="header-container header-chrome"> <div class="minerva-header"> <nav class="navigation-drawer toggle-list view-border-box"> <input type="checkbox" id="main-menu-input" class="toggle-list__checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="mw-mf-main-menu-button"> <label role="button" for="main-menu-input" id="mw-mf-main-menu-button" aria-hidden="true" data-event-name="ui.mainmenu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet toggle-list__toggle"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--menu"></span> <span></span> </label> <div id="mw-mf-page-left" class="menu view-border-box"> <ul id="p-navigation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--home" href="/wiki/Main_Page" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--home"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Home</span> </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--random" href="/wiki/Special:Random" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--die"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Random</span> </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--nearby" href="/wiki/Special:Nearby" data-event-name="menu.nearby" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--mapPin"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Nearby</span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="p-personal" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--login" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Bappa+Rawal" data-event-name="menu.login" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--logIn"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Log in</span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="pt-preferences" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--settings" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:MobileOptions&returnto=Bappa+Rawal" data-event-name="menu.settings" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--settings"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Settings</span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="p-donation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--donate" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en&utm_key=minerva" data-event-name="menu.donate" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--heart"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Donate</span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="hlist"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--about" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" data-mw="interface"> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">About Wikipedia</span> </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--disclaimers" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer" data-mw="interface"> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Disclaimers</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <label class="main-menu-mask" for="main-menu-input"></label> </nav> <div class="branding-box"> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page"> <span><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </span> </a> </div> <form action="/w/index.php" method="get" class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"/> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> <span class="search-box-icon-overlay"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> </span> </div> <button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="User navigation"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bappa Rawal</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Bappa_Rawal" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Bappa_Rawal" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Language</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Bappa+Rawal" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Watch</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Bappa_Rawal&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p><b>Bappa Rawal</b> (c. 8th century) was a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_monarchs#Kingdom_of_Mewar_(c._566_%E2%80%93_1947_CE)" title="List of Indian monarchs">king</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Udaipur_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Udaipur State">Mewar kingdom</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a>, India. The chronicles consider him to be the founder of the <a href="/wiki/Guhila_dynasty" title="Guhila dynasty">Guhila Rajput dynasty</a>. He is credited with repelling the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_campaigns_in_India" title="Umayyad campaigns in India">Arab invasion of India</a>. He is identified as the ruler of the Guhila dynasty, and called by the names Kalabhoja, Shiladitya, and Khumana. </p><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Bappa Rawal</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style></i><div class="plainlist"><i></i> <ul><li>Rawal of <a href="/wiki/Mewar" title="Mewar">Mewar</a></li> <li>Purana Purusha<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div><i></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Bappa_Rawal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Bappa_Rawal.jpg/220px-Bappa_Rawal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Bappa_Rawal.jpg/330px-Bappa_Rawal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Bappa_Rawal.jpg/440px-Bappa_Rawal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="704"></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Statue of Bappa Rawal at <a href="/wiki/Mewar" title="Mewar">Mewar</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Ruler of <a href="/wiki/Mewar" title="Mewar">Mewar</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">728 CE–764 CE<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chitrangada_Mori" title="Chitrangada Mori">Chitrangada Mori</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mori_Rajputs" class="mw-redirect" title="Mori Rajputs">Mori Rajputs</a> clan</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Guhila_dynasty" title="Guhila dynasty">Guhila dynasty</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Literary_accounts"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Literary accounts</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Historicity"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Historicity</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Period"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Period</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Identification"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Identification</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Military_career"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Military career</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Gold_coins"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Gold coins</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Monuments"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Monuments</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#In_popular_culture"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">In popular culture</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Bibliography"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliography</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Literary_accounts">Literary accounts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bappa_Rawal&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Literary accounts" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>According to the 15th century text <i>Ekalinga Mahatmya</i> (also called <i>Ekalinga Purana</i>), Bappa was the ninth descendant of the Guhila dynasty's founder Guhadatta. The text credits him with establishing the <a href="/wiki/Mewar_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Mewar Kingdom">Mewar Kingdom</a> in 728 CE, and with building the <a href="/wiki/Eklingji" title="Eklingji">Eklingji</a> temple.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavid_Gordon_White2012120_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavid_Gordon_White2012120-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Ekalinga Mahatmya</i> and other bardic chronicles state that Bappa's father Nagaditya and all other male members of his family were killed in a battle with the <a href="/wiki/Bhil_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhil people">Bhils</a> of <a href="/wiki/Idar,_Gujarat" title="Idar, Gujarat">Idar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavid_Gordon_White2012120_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavid_Gordon_White2012120-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERam_Vallabh_Somani197641_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERam_Vallabh_Somani197641-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He remained in disguise, accompanied by his two loyal Bhil attendants. He was brought up by a <a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmin</a> lady of <a href="/wiki/Nagda" title="Nagda">Nagda</a>, who employed him as a caretaker of cows. One day, he met the sage Harit Rashi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERam_Vallabh_Somani197641_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERam_Vallabh_Somani197641-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sage agreed to initiate him into a <a href="/wiki/Shaivite" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaivite">Shaivite</a> order, it is also said that Kaalbhoj went into extraordinary spirituality. After completing his <a href="/wiki/Tapasya" class="mw-redirect" title="Tapasya">Tapasya</a>, as directed by Harit Rashi, he defeated his father's killers, and established the <a href="/wiki/Mewar" title="Mewar">Mewar</a> Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavid_Gordon_White2012120_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavid_Gordon_White2012120-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to legends the rishi also encouraged Bappa to build renowned <a href="/wiki/Eklingji" title="Eklingji">Eklingji Temple</a> at Nagda, which has been family deity of rulers of Mewar ever since.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Indologist <a href="/wiki/David_Gordon_White" title="David Gordon White">David Gordon White</a> notes that there is a similar legend involving the sage <a href="/wiki/Gorakhnath" title="Gorakhnath">Gorakhnath</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gorkha_Kingdom" title="Gorkha Kingdom">Gorkha</a> king <a href="/wiki/Prithvi_Narayan_Shah" title="Prithvi Narayan Shah">Prithvi Narayan Shah</a>. The 11th century writer <a href="/wiki/Al-Biruni" title="Al-Biruni">Al-Biruni</a> has also recorded a similar legend involving the alchemist Vyadi and the king <a href="/wiki/Vikramaditya" title="Vikramaditya">Vikramaditya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavid_Gordon_White2012311_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavid_Gordon_White2012311-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Historicity">Historicity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bappa_Rawal&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Historicity" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Period">Period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bappa_Rawal&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Period" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The exact period of Bappa Rawal is not certain. According to the <i>Ekalinga Mahatmya</i>, Bappa Rawal established the Mewar Kingdom in 728 CE,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavid_Gordon_White2012120_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavid_Gordon_White2012120-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and abdicated the throne in 753 CE/764 CE.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/D._R._Bhandarkar" class="mw-redirect" title="D. R. Bhandarkar">D. R. Bhandarkar</a> and <a href="/wiki/G._H._Ojha" class="mw-redirect" title="G. H. Ojha">G. H. Ojha</a> believed this to be an authentic date.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERam_Vallabh_Somani197643_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERam_Vallabh_Somani197643-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Identification">Identification</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bappa_Rawal&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Identification" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The word "Bappa" means "father", and Rawal is a royal title. Therefore, scholars such as <a href="/wiki/C._V._Vaidya" class="mw-redirect" title="C. V. Vaidya">C. V. Vaidya</a>, <a href="/wiki/D._R._Bhandarkar" class="mw-redirect" title="D. R. Bhandarkar">D. R. Bhandarkar</a>, <a href="/wiki/G._H._Ojha" class="mw-redirect" title="G. H. Ojha">G. H. Ojha</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kaviraj_Shyamaldas" title="Kaviraj Shyamaldas">Kaviraj Shyamaldas</a> believe that "Bappa Rawal" is not a proper noun.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERam_Vallabh_Somani197641_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERam_Vallabh_Somani197641-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bappa Rawal is mentioned in some inscriptions that provide genealogical lists of the <a href="/wiki/Guhila_dynasty" title="Guhila dynasty">Guhila dynasty</a>, but other inscriptions containing such lists do not mention him. For example, he is mentioned in the 959 CE <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unawas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unawas (page does not exist)">Unawas</a> inscription and the 971 CE <a href="/wiki/Eklingji" title="Eklingji">Ekling</a> inscription. However, the 977 CE Atpur inscription and the 1083 CE Kadmal inscription do not mention him. Therefore, the historians have assumed that "Bappa Rawal" is an epithet for one of the Guhila rulers, and different scholars have tried to identify him with different Guhila kings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERam_Vallabh_Somani197642_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERam_Vallabh_Somani197642-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the Atpur and Kadmal inscriptions, the Guhila ruler Mahendra was succeeded by Kalabhoja. Several historians, such as <a href="/wiki/G._H._Ojha" class="mw-redirect" title="G. H. Ojha">G. H. Ojha</a>, have identified Bappa Rawal as Kalabhoja, because the 977 CE Atpur inscription mentions Khumana as a son of Kalabhoja, and the 1404 CE Uparaganva (Dungarpur) inscription of Maharawal Pata names Khumana as the son of Bappa Rawal. R. V. Somani endorses this identification, but cautions that the evidence is not conclusive: Bappa Rawal may have been a different ruler who belonged to another branch of the Guhilas.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERam_Vallabh_Somani197640-42_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERam_Vallabh_Somani197640-42-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Atpur inscription names Śila as the successor of Nāga, and predecessor of Aparājita. The 1460 CE Kumbhalgarh inscription names Bappa as the successor of Nāga, and predecessor of Aparājita.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEN._P._Chakravarti1987119_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEN._P._Chakravarti1987119-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This suggests that Bappa Rawal was another name for Shiladitya (Śila), the great-grandfather of Kalabhoja. Based on this evidence, <a href="/wiki/Dasharatha_Sharma" title="Dasharatha Sharma">Dasharatha Sharma</a> and <a href="/wiki/D._C._Sircar" class="mw-redirect" title="D. C. Sircar">D. C. Sircar</a> have identified Bappa Rawal with Shiladitya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERam_Vallabh_Somani197642_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERam_Vallabh_Somani197642-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, R. V. Somani disputes this identification, arguing that this inscription contains several errors, including naming Bappa Rawal as the father of Guhadatta (who was the dynasty's founder according to some other inscriptions).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERam_Vallabh_Somani197639_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERam_Vallabh_Somani197639-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some other historians, such as <a href="/wiki/D._R._Bhandarkar" class="mw-redirect" title="D. R. Bhandarkar">D. R. Bhandarkar</a>, identified Bappa Rawal with Kalabhoja's son Khumana, based on the calculation of average reign of the Guhila rulers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERam_Vallabh_Somani197642_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERam_Vallabh_Somani197642-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Military_career">Military career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bappa_Rawal&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Military career" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_campaigns_in_India" title="Umayyad campaigns in India">Umayyad campaigns in India</a></div> <p>According to some ancient records, Bappa Rawal captured famous Chitrakuta (<a href="/wiki/Chittor_Fort" title="Chittor Fort">Chittor Fort</a>) from the <a href="/wiki/Mlechchhas" class="mw-redirect" title="Mlechchhas">mlechchhas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTER._C._Majumdar1977298-299_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTER._C._Majumdar1977298-299-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scholars such as <a href="/wiki/R._C._Majumdar" title="R. C. Majumdar">R. C. Majumdar</a> and R. V. Somani write on the basis of available records that the <a href="/wiki/Caliphate_campaigns_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliphate campaigns in India">Arab invaders</a> defeated the former rulers of Chittor, and Bappa Rawal gained control of Chittor after repulsing the Arab invaders. According to Majumdar, the Moris (Mauryas) were ruling at Chittor when the Arabs (mlechchhas) invaded north-western India around 725 CE.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTER._C._Majumdar1977298-299_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTER._C._Majumdar1977298-299-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Arabs defeated the Moris, and in turn, were defeated by a confederacy that included Bappa Rawal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERam_Vallabh_Somani197645_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERam_Vallabh_Somani197645-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKhalid_Yahya_Blankinship1994188_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKhalid_Yahya_Blankinship1994188-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Majumdar believes that his heroics against the Arabs raised Bappa Rawal's status to such an extent that he wrongly came to be regarded as the founder of the dynasty.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTER._C._Majumdar1977298-299_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTER._C._Majumdar1977298-299-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> R. V. Somani writes in his book that Bappa was a part of the anti-Arab confederacy formed by the <a href="/wiki/Gurjara-Pratihara" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurjara-Pratihara">Pratihara</a> ruler <a href="/wiki/Nagabhata_I" title="Nagabhata I">Nagabhata I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERam_Vallabh_Somani197645_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERam_Vallabh_Somani197645-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shyam Manohar Mishra of <a href="/wiki/Lucknow_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucknow University">Lucknow University</a> theorized that Bappa Rawal was originally a vassal of the Mori ruler Manuraja (Maan Maurya). He probably led the Mori campaign against the Arabs, which made him more famous than his overlord. Later, he either deposed Manuraja (Maan Maurya), or became the king after Manuraja died childless.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShyam_Manohar_Mishra197748_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShyam_Manohar_Mishra197748-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After successful campaigns against Arabs, several conflicts occur in India most famously between <a href="/wiki/Gurjara-Pratihara_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty"> Pratiharas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rashtrakuta_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashtrakuta dynasty">Rashtrakutas</a>, Rashtrakuta king <a href="/wiki/Dantidurga" title="Dantidurga">Dantidurga</a> occupied Ujjain and performed Hiranyagarbha ceremony there, however in short time, Rashtrakutas left and Nagabhata regained his power. Historian R.V. Somani theorizes that in these conflicts, Bappa Rawal also faced <a href="/wiki/Dantidurga" title="Dantidurga">Dantidurga</a>'s armies by helping Pratiharas in their struggle, and thus succeeded in capturing the eastern parts of Mewar region; he also contested with Karanatakas and the <a href="/wiki/Chola_dynasty" title="Chola dynasty">Cholas</a> as described in the inscription of Chittor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERam_Vallabh_Somani197645_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERam_Vallabh_Somani197645-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Gold_coins">Gold coins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bappa_Rawal&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Gold coins" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>Multiple gold coins, bearing the <a href="/wiki/N%C4%81gar%C4%AB_script" title="Nāgarī script">Nagari</a> legend "Shri Voppa" or "Shri Vopparaja" have been attributed to Bappa Rawal. However, the identification of Voppa or Vopparaja with Bappa Rawal is disputed. These coins have been alternatively attributed to the king Vappuka of Surasena dynasty, who is mentioned in a 955 CE (1012 VS) inscription from <a href="/wiki/Bayana" title="Bayana">Bayana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One gold coin bears the legend "Shri Voppa", and features Shavite icons: a <a href="/wiki/Trishula" title="Trishula">trishula</a> (trident), a <a href="/wiki/Linga" class="mw-redirect" title="Linga">linga</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Nandi_(bull)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nandi (bull)">bull</a>. Below these is the image of a man in prostrate position. The man has features with large <a href="/wiki/Ear_piercing" class="mw-redirect" title="Ear piercing">pierced ears</a>, and the holes are exaggerated. According to Indoligst <a href="/wiki/David_Gordon_White" title="David Gordon White">David Gordon White</a>, this may be a representation of Bappa's initiation into a Shaivite sect, as ear piercing has been associated with the <a href="/wiki/Nath" class="mw-redirect" title="Nath">Nath Siddhas</a> (a Shaivite sect), who were custodians of the Eklingji shrine before the 16th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavid_Gordon_White2012120–121_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavid_Gordon_White2012120%E2%80%93121-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> White, however, believes that Bappa is more likely to have been initiated into the <a href="/wiki/Pashupata_Shaivism" title="Pashupata Shaivism">Pashupata</a> sect. Pashupata names commonly ended in Rashi (<a href="/wiki/IAST" class="mw-redirect" title="IAST">IAST</a>: Rāśi), and thus, Harit Rashi was likely a Pashupata sage. Moreover, "Rawal" (from <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> <i>rāja-kula</i>, "royal lineage") was the name of a clan among the Pashupatas in the 8th century: in the 13th century, this clan was absorbed into the Nath sect.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavid_Gordon_White2012121_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavid_Gordon_White2012121-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One gold coin features a <a href="/wiki/Halo_(religious_iconography)" title="Halo (religious iconography)">haloed</a> <a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a> holding <a href="/wiki/Bow_and_arrow" title="Bow and arrow">bow and arrow</a>, with a bull to his left, and an elephant to his right. The other side of the coin features an enthroned ruler with attendants on his sides, with the legend "Shri Voppa" below.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArthur_L._FriedbergIra_S._Friedberg2017481_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArthur_L._FriedbergIra_S._Friedberg2017481-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another gold coin features the legend "Shri Vopparaja", with the images of a bull, a trident, a linga, and an attendant. The other side features a cow with a suckling calf.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArthur_L._FriedbergIra_S._Friedberg2017481_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArthur_L._FriedbergIra_S._Friedberg2017481-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Monuments">Monuments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bappa_Rawal&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Monuments" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul><li>Shri Bappa Rawal Temple is dedicated to Bappa Rawal is in Mathatha, Rajasthan located close to the <a href="/wiki/Eklingji" title="Eklingji">Eklingji</a> temple, 24 kilometres north of <a href="/wiki/Udaipur" title="Udaipur">Udaipur</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bappa_Rawal&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: In popular culture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <p>The 1925 Indian silent <i>Mewadpati Bappa Rawal</i> portrayed Rawal's life on screen.<sup id="cite_ref-Mittal1975_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mittal1975-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bappa_Rawal&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRam_Vallabh_Somani" class="citation web cs1">Ram Vallabh Somani. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianculture.gov.in/history-mewar-earliest-times-1751-ad">"History of Mewar: From earliest times to 1751 A.D."</a> Jaipur: C. L. Ranka. p. 40.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Mewar%3A+From+earliest+times+to+1751+A.D.&rft.place=Jaipur&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=C.+L.+Ranka&rft.au=Ram+Vallabh+Somani&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianculture.gov.in%2Fhistory-mewar-earliest-times-1751-ad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABappa+Rawal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTodCrooke2010" class="citation book cs1">Tod, James; Crooke, William (1 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9BBTEAAAQBAJ&q=bappa+"><i>Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan (3 Vols): Or the Central and Western Rajput State of India</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 281. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-0380-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-0380-0"><bdi>978-81-208-0380-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annals+and+Antiquities+of+Rajasthan+%283+Vols%29%3A+Or+the+Central+and+Western+Rajput+State+of+India&rft.pages=281&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=2010-01-01&rft.isbn=978-81-208-0380-0&rft.aulast=Tod&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Crooke%2C+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9BBTEAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dbappa%2B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABappa+Rawal" class="Z3988"></span>"Bappa on the throne of Chitor S. 784 ( A.D. 728 ) , we will proceed to glean from the annals , from the period of his departure for Iran , S. 820 ( A.D. 764 )"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavid_Gordon_White2012120-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavid_Gordon_White2012120_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavid_Gordon_White2012120_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavid_Gordon_White2012120_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavid_Gordon_White2012120_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavid_Gordon_White2012">David Gordon White 2012</a>, p. 120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERam_Vallabh_Somani197641-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERam_Vallabh_Somani197641_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERam_Vallabh_Somani197641_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERam_Vallabh_Somani197641_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRam_Vallabh_Somani1976">Ram Vallabh Somani 1976</a>, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHooja2006" class="citation book cs1">Hooja, Rima (2006). <i>A History of Rajasthan</i>. New Delhi: Rupa Publication. p. 158. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-291-0890-9" title="Special:BookSources/81-291-0890-9"><bdi>81-291-0890-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Rajasthan&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=158&rft.pub=Rupa+Publication&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=81-291-0890-9&rft.aulast=Hooja&rft.aufirst=Rima&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABappa+Rawal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavid_Gordon_White2012311-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavid_Gordon_White2012311_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavid_Gordon_White2012">David Gordon White 2012</a>, p. 311.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTodCrooke2010" class="citation book cs1">Tod, James; Crooke, William (1 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9BBTEAAAQBAJ&q=bappa+"><i>Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan (3 Vols): Or the Central and Western Rajput State of India</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 281. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-0380-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-0380-0"><bdi>978-81-208-0380-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annals+and+Antiquities+of+Rajasthan+%283+Vols%29%3A+Or+the+Central+and+Western+Rajput+State+of+India&rft.pages=281&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=2010-01-01&rft.isbn=978-81-208-0380-0&rft.aulast=Tod&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Crooke%2C+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9BBTEAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dbappa%2B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABappa+Rawal" class="Z3988"></span>"Bappa on the throne of Chitor S. 784 ( A.D. 728 ) , we will proceed to glean from the annals , from the period of his departure for Iran , S. 820 ( A.D. 764 )"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERam_Vallabh_Somani197643-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERam_Vallabh_Somani197643_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRam_Vallabh_Somani1976">Ram Vallabh Somani 1976</a>, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERam_Vallabh_Somani197642-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERam_Vallabh_Somani197642_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERam_Vallabh_Somani197642_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERam_Vallabh_Somani197642_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRam_Vallabh_Somani1976">Ram Vallabh Somani 1976</a>, p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERam_Vallabh_Somani197640-42-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERam_Vallabh_Somani197640-42_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRam_Vallabh_Somani1976">Ram Vallabh Somani 1976</a>, p. 40-42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEN._P._Chakravarti1987119-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEN._P._Chakravarti1987119_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFN._P._Chakravarti1987">N. P. Chakravarti 1987</a>, p. 119.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERam_Vallabh_Somani197639-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERam_Vallabh_Somani197639_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRam_Vallabh_Somani1976">Ram Vallabh Somani 1976</a>, p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTER._C._Majumdar1977298-299-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTER._C._Majumdar1977298-299_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTER._C._Majumdar1977298-299_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTER._C._Majumdar1977298-299_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFR._C._Majumdar1977">R. C. Majumdar 1977</a>, p. 298-299.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERam_Vallabh_Somani197645-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERam_Vallabh_Somani197645_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERam_Vallabh_Somani197645_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERam_Vallabh_Somani197645_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRam_Vallabh_Somani1976">Ram Vallabh Somani 1976</a>, p. 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKhalid_Yahya_Blankinship1994188-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKhalid_Yahya_Blankinship1994188_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKhalid_Yahya_Blankinship1994">Khalid Yahya Blankinship 1994</a>, p. 188.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShyam_Manohar_Mishra197748-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShyam_Manohar_Mishra197748_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShyam_Manohar_Mishra1977">Shyam Manohar Mishra 1977</a>, p. 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i0NmAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Journal of the Numismatic Society of India</i></a>. Vol. 22–23. Numismatic Society of India. 1960. p. 279. <q>But this attribution presents some difficulties because Mewar, in those days, had altogether a different currency and the Guhila rulers of Mewar never adopted the device of cow suckling a calf on the reverse of their coins. Still more, they never issued gold coins because Mewar was not a very big empire during that period. Therefore, it is not plausible to identify Voppa or Vopparaja of these gold coins with Bappa Rawal of Mewar or any other ruler of the neighbouring region.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Journal+of+the+Numismatic+Society+of+India&rft.pages=279&rft.pub=Numismatic+Society+of+India&rft.date=1960&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di0NmAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABappa+Rawal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavid_Gordon_White2012120–121-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavid_Gordon_White2012120%E2%80%93121_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavid_Gordon_White2012">David Gordon White 2012</a>, pp. 120–121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavid_Gordon_White2012121-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavid_Gordon_White2012121_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavid_Gordon_White2012">David Gordon White 2012</a>, p. 121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArthur_L._FriedbergIra_S._Friedberg2017481-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArthur_L._FriedbergIra_S._Friedberg2017481_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArthur_L._FriedbergIra_S._Friedberg2017481_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArthur_L._FriedbergIra_S._Friedberg2017">Arthur L. Friedberg & Ira S. Friedberg 2017</a>, p. 481.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mittal1975-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mittal1975_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMahendra_Mittal1975" class="citation book cs1">Mahendra Mittal (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4P8vAAAAMAAJ"><i>Bhāratīya Calacitra</i></a>. Alankar Prakashan. p. 208.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bh%C4%81rat%C4%ABya+Calacitra&rft.pages=208&rft.pub=Alankar+Prakashan&rft.date=1975&rft.au=Mahendra+Mittal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4P8vAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABappa+Rawal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bappa_Rawal&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bibliography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArthur_L._FriedbergIra_S._Friedberg2017" class="citation book cs1">Arthur L. Friedberg; Ira S. Friedberg (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VHZEDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA481"><i>Gold Coins of the World</i></a> (9th ed.). Coin & Currency Institute. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87184-009-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87184-009-7"><bdi>978-0-87184-009-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gold+Coins+of+the+World&rft.edition=9th&rft.pub=Coin+%26+Currency+Institute&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-87184-009-7&rft.au=Arthur+L.+Friedberg&rft.au=Ira+S.+Friedberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVHZEDgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA481&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABappa+Rawal" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Gordon_White2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Gordon_White" title="David Gordon White">David Gordon White</a> (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pQuqAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA119"><i>The Alchemical Body: Siddha Traditions in Medieval India</i></a>. University of Chicago Press. p. 119. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-14934-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-14934-9"><bdi>978-0-226-14934-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Alchemical+Body%3A+Siddha+Traditions+in+Medieval+India&rft.pages=119&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-226-14934-9&rft.au=David+Gordon+White&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpQuqAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABappa+Rawal" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhalid_Yahya_Blankinship1994" class="citation book cs1">Khalid Yahya Blankinship (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Jz0Yy053WS4C&pg=PA188"><i>The End of the Jihad State: The Reign of Hisham Ibn 'Abd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads</i></a>. SUNY Press. p. 188. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-1827-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-1827-7"><bdi>978-0-7914-1827-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+End+of+the+Jihad+State%3A+The+Reign+of+Hisham+Ibn+%27Abd+al-Malik+and+the+Collapse+of+the+Umayyads&rft.pages=188&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-1827-7&rft.au=Khalid+Yahya+Blankinship&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJz0Yy053WS4C%26pg%3DPA188&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABappa+Rawal" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFN._P._Chakravarti1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/N._P._Chakravarti" title="N. P. Chakravarti">N. P. Chakravarti</a> (1987) [1958]. "Appendix: Rajaprasasti Inscription of Udaipur (Continued from Vol. XXIX, Part V)". In N. Lakshminarayan Rao; D. C. Sircar (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3XBDAAAAYAAJ"><i>Epigraphia Indica</i></a>. Vol. XXX. Archaeological Survey of India.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Appendix%3A+Rajaprasasti+Inscription+of+Udaipur+%28Continued+from+Vol.+XXIX%2C+Part+V%29&rft.btitle=Epigraphia+Indica&rft.pub=Archaeological+Survey+of+India&rft.date=1987&rft.au=N.+P.+Chakravarti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3XBDAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABappa+Rawal" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRam_Vallabh_Somani1976" class="citation book cs1">Ram Vallabh Somani (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NcIBAAAAMAAJ"><i>History of Mewar, from Earliest Times to 1751 A.D.</i></a> Mateshwari. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2929852">2929852</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Mewar%2C+from+Earliest+Times+to+1751+A.D.&rft.pub=Mateshwari&rft.date=1976&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2929852&rft.au=Ram+Vallabh+Somani&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNcIBAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABappa+Rawal" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFR._C._Majumdar1977" class="citation book cs1">R. C. Majumdar (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XNxiN5tzKOgC&pg=PA327"><i>Ancient India</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788120804364" title="Special:BookSources/9788120804364"><bdi>9788120804364</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+India&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=9788120804364&rft.au=R.+C.+Majumdar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXNxiN5tzKOgC%26pg%3DPA327&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABappa+Rawal" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShyam_Manohar_Mishra1977" class="citation book cs1">Shyam Manohar Mishra (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kZWgj-YMdVEC&pg=PA48"><i>Yaśovarman of Kanauj</i></a>. Abhinav. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/557679616">557679616</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ya%C5%9Bovarman+of+Kanauj&rft.pub=Abhinav&rft.date=1977&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F557679616&rft.au=Shyam+Manohar+Mishra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkZWgj-YMdVEC%26pg%3DPA48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABappa+Rawal" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHermann_Goetz1969" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Goetz_(art_historian)" title="Hermann Goetz (art historian)">Hermann Goetz</a> (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rvULAAAAIAAJ"><i>Studies in the History and Art of Kashmir and the Indian Himalaya</i></a>. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/586049160">586049160</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+in+the+History+and+Art+of+Kashmir+and+the+Indian+Himalaya&rft.place=Wiesbaden&rft.pub=Otto+Harrassowitz&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F586049160&rft.au=Hermann+Goetz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrvULAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABappa+Rawal" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bappa_Rawal&oldid=1253242230">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bappa_Rawal&oldid=1253242230</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Bappa_Rawal&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Re Packer&Tracker" data-user-gender="female" data-timestamp="1729818054"> <span>Last edited on 25 October 2024, at 01:00</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2" title="বাপ্পা রাওয়াল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বাপ্পা রাওয়াল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bappa_Rawal" title="Bappa Rawal – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bappa Rawal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2" title="बप्पा रावल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बप्पा रावल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2" title="बप्पा रावल – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बप्पा रावल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B2" title="ਬੱਪਾ ਰਾਵਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬੱਪਾ ਰਾਵਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%BE%D9%91%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84" title="بپّا راول – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بپّا راول" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bappa_Rawal" title="Bappa Rawal – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bappa Rawal" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="பப்பா ராவல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பப்பா ராவல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Баппа Равал – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Баппа Равал" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%BE%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84" title="بپا راول – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بپا راول" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 25 October 2024, at 01:00<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-terms-use"><a href="https://foundation.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a></li> <li id="footer-places-desktop-toggle"><a id="mw-mf-display-toggle" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bappa_Rawal&mobileaction=toggle_view_desktop" data-event-name="switch_to_desktop">Desktop</a></li> </ul> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <div class="mw-notification-area" data-mw="interface"></div>  <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b7f745dd4-l8l98","wgBackendResponseTime":209,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.458","walltime":"0.566","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3940,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":93219,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4223,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":5,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":62302,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 488.083 1 -total"," 22.74% 110.985 1 Template:Reflist"," 17.67% 86.243 7 Template:Navbox"," 16.40% 80.033 27 Template:Sfn"," 15.83% 77.281 1 Template:Udaipur"," 15.23% 74.357 1 Template:Cite_web"," 12.13% 59.217 1 Template:Infobox_royalty"," 11.89% 58.039 1 Template:Short_description"," 10.15% 49.560 13 Template:Cite_book"," 9.66% 47.167 1 Template:Infobox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.286","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":8232036,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFArthur_L._FriedbergIra_S._Friedberg2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavid_Gordon_White2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHermann_Goetz1969\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHooja2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhalid_Yahya_Blankinship1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMahendra_Mittal1975\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFN._P._Chakravarti1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFR._C._Majumdar1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRam_Vallabh_Somani\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRam_Vallabh_Somani1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShyam_Manohar_Mishra1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTodCrooke2010\"] = 2,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 13,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox royalty\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 27,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Udaipur\"] = 1,\n [\"Use Indian English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b7f745dd4-dfbf9","timestamp":"20241125133456","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Bappa Rawal","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bappa_Rawal","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q4857563","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q4857563","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-10-30T14:07:53Z","dateModified":"2024-10-25T01:00:54Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/14\/Bappa_Rawal.jpg","headline":"Founder and ruler of Mewar in India from 728-753"}</script><script>(window.NORLQ=window.NORLQ||[]).push(function(){var ns,i,p,img;ns=document.getElementsByTagName('noscript');for(i=0;i<ns.length;i++){p=ns[i].nextSibling;if(p&&p.className&&p.className.indexOf('lazy-image-placeholder')>-1){img=document.createElement('img');img.setAttribute('src',p.getAttribute('data-src'));img.setAttribute('width',p.getAttribute('data-width'));img.setAttribute('height',p.getAttribute('data-height'));img.setAttribute('alt',p.getAttribute('data-alt'));p.parentNode.replaceChild(img,p);}}});</script> </body> </html>