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id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko" class=""><span>기부</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%EC%88%AD%EC%A0%95%EC%A0%9C" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다" class=""><span>계정 만들기</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%EC%88%AD%EC%A0%95%EC%A0%9C" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>로그인</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="더 많은 옵션" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="개인 도구" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">개인 도구</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="사용자 메뉴" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko"><span>기부</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%EC%88%AD%EC%A0%95%EC%A0%9C" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>계정 만들기</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%EC%88%AD%EC%A0%95%EC%A0%9C" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>로그인</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 로그아웃한 편집자를 위한 문서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C" aria-label="편집에 관해 더 알아보기"><span>더 알아보기</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC" title="이 IP 주소의 편집 목록 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>기여</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="현재 사용하는 IP 주소에 대한 토론 문서 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="사이트"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="목차" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">목차</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">처음 위치</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-생애" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#생애"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>생애</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-생애-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-사후" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#사후"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>사후</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-사후-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>사후 하위섹션 토글하기</span> </button> <ul id="toc-사후-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-시호,_묘호" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#시호,_묘호"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>시호, 묘호</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-시호,_묘호-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-청나라" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#청나라"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>청나라</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-청나라-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-남명" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#남명"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>남명</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-남명-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-기타" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#기타"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>기타</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-기타-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-가족" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#가족"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>가족</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-가족-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>가족 하위섹션 토글하기</span> </button> <ul id="toc-가족-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-황후" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#황후"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>황후</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-황후-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-후궁" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#후궁"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>후궁</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-후궁-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-황자" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#황자"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>황자</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-황자-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-황녀" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#황녀"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>황녀</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-황녀-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-기년과_연호" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#기년과_연호"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>기년과 연호</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-기년과_연호-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-같이_보기" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#같이_보기"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>같이 보기</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-같이_보기-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-각주" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#각주"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>각주</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-각주-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">목차 토글</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">숭정제</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="다른 언어로 문서를 방문합니다. 40개 언어로 읽을 수 있습니다" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40개 언어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%88%D9%86%D9%82%D8%AC%D9%86" title="چونقجن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="چونقجن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperador_Chongzhen" title="Emperador Chongzhen – 카탈로니아어" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Emperador Chongzhen" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="카탈로니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B9ng-d%C4%ADng_Hu%C3%B2ng-d%C3%A1%CC%A4" title="Sùng-dĭng Huòng-dá̤ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sùng-dĭng Huòng-dá̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cchung-%C4%8Den" title="Čchung-čen – 체코어" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čchung-čen" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="체코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chongzhen" title="Chongzhen – 독일어" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chongzhen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chongzhen_Emperor" title="Chongzhen Emperor – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Chongzhen Emperor" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chongzhen" title="Chongzhen – 에스페란토어" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Chongzhen" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="에스페란토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chongzhen" title="Chongzhen – 스페인어" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Chongzhen" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="스페인어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chongzhen" title="Chongzhen – 에스토니아어" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Chongzhen" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="에스토니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF%E2%80%8C%D8%AC%D9%86" title="چونگ‌جن – 페르시아어" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چونگ‌جن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="페르시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chongzhen" title="Chongzhen – 핀란드어" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Chongzhen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="핀란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chongzhen" title="Chongzhen – 프랑스어" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chongzhen" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="프랑스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chongzhen" title="Chongzhen – 북부 프리지아어" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Chongzhen" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="북부 프리지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%27%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%92%27%D7%9F,_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A8_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9F" title="צ'ונגג'ן, קיסר סין – 히브리어" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צ'ונגג'ן, קיסר סין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="히브리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ming_Csung-csen_k%C3%ADnai_cs%C3%A1sz%C3%A1r" title="Ming Csung-csen kínai császár – 헝가리어" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ming Csung-csen kínai császár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="헝가리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaisar_Chongzhen" title="Kaisar Chongzhen – 인도네시아어" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kaisar Chongzhen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="인도네시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chongzhen" title="Chongzhen – 이탈리아어" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Chongzhen" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="이탈리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B4%87%E7%A6%8E%E5%B8%9D" title="崇禎帝 – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="崇禎帝" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaisar_Chongzhen" title="Kaisar Chongzhen – 자바어" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kaisar Chongzhen" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="자바어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Чунжэнь – 몽골어" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Чунжэнь" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="몽골어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8" title="सम्राट चोंगचन – 마라티어" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सम्राट चोंगचन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="마라티어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharaja_Chongzhen" title="Maharaja Chongzhen – 말레이어" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Maharaja Chongzhen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="말레이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF%E2%80%8C%D8%AC%D9%86" title="چونگ‌جن – 마잔데라니어" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="چونگ‌جن" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="마잔데라니어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chongzhen" title="Chongzhen – 네덜란드어" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Chongzhen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="네덜란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chongzhen-keiseren" title="Chongzhen-keiseren – 노르웨이어(보크말)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Chongzhen-keiseren" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(보크말)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chongzhen" title="Chongzhen – 폴란드어" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chongzhen" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="폴란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chongzhen" title="Chongzhen – 포르투갈어" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Chongzhen" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="포르투갈어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Emp%C4%83ratul_Chongzhen" title="Împăratul Chongzhen – 루마니아어" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Împăratul Chongzhen" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="루마니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Чунчжэнь – 러시아어" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Чунчжэнь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="러시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chongzhen-kejsaren" title="Chongzhen-kejsaren – 스웨덴어" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Chongzhen-kejsaren" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="스웨덴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="จักรพรรดิฉงเจิน – 태국어" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จักรพรรดิฉงเจิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="태국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chongzhen" title="Chongzhen – 터키어" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Chongzhen" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="터키어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B6%D1%83_%D0%AE%D1%86%D0%B7%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Чжу Юцзянь – 우크라이나어" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чжу Юцзянь" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="우크라이나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperator_Chongchjen" title="Imperator Chongchjen – 우즈베크어" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Imperator Chongchjen" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="우즈베크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minh_T%C6%B0_T%C3%B4ng" title="Minh Tư Tông – 베트남어" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Minh Tư Tông" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="베트남어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E7%94%B1%E6%A3%80" title="朱由检 – 우어" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="朱由检" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="우어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B4%87%E7%A6%8E%E5%B8%9D" title="崇禎帝 – 중국어" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="崇禎帝" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="중국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%A8%81%E5%AE%97" title="明威宗 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="明威宗" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Question_mark_on_a_scroll.svg/40px-Question_mark_on_a_scroll.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Question_mark_on_a_scroll.svg/60px-Question_mark_on_a_scroll.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Question_mark_on_a_scroll.svg/80px-Question_mark_on_a_scroll.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">이 문서의 내용은 <b><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%B6%9C%EC%B2%98_%EB%B0%9D%ED%9E%88%EA%B8%B0" title="위키백과:출처 밝히기">출처</a>가 분명하지 않습니다.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"><br />이 <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%EC%88%AD%EC%A0%95%EC%A0%9C&action=edit">문서를 편집</a></span>하여, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%8B%A0%EB%A2%B0%ED%95%A0_%EC%88%98_%EC%9E%88%EB%8A%94_%EC%B6%9C%EC%B2%98" title="위키백과:신뢰할 수 있는 출처">신뢰할 수 있는 출처</a>를 표기해 주세요. <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%ED%99%95%EC%9D%B8_%EA%B0%80%EB%8A%A5" title="위키백과:확인 가능">검증</a>되지 않은 내용은 삭제될 수도 있습니다. 내용에 대한 의견은 <a href="/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0:%EC%88%AD%EC%A0%95%EC%A0%9C" title="토론:숭정제">토론 문서</a>에서 나누어 주세요.</span> <span class="date-container">(<small><span class="date">2013년 11월</span></small>)</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox" style="width:25em;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#9f0807; color:#FFD700" colspan="2"> <div style="position:relative; width:100%; height:50px; display:table; background:#9f0807;"><div style="position:absolute; bottom:0; right:0;"></div><span style="position:relative; width:100%; display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;"><big><big><b>숭정제<br />崇禎帝</b></big></big></span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; vertical-align:middle; background: #DCDCDC;"><b><a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%85%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%98_%ED%99%A9%EC%A0%9C" title="명나라의 황제">제16대 대명 황제</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap">재위 </span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/1627%EB%85%84" title="1627년">1627년</a> <a href="/wiki/10%EC%9B%94_2%EC%9D%BC" title="10월 2일">10월 2일</a> ~ <a href="/wiki/1644%EB%85%84" title="1644년">1644년</a> <a href="/wiki/4%EC%9B%94_25%EC%9D%BC" title="4월 25일">4월 25일</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap">즉위식 </span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EA%B3%84_(%EB%AA%85)" title="천계 (명)">천계</a>(天啓) 7년 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%8C%EB%A0%A5_8%EC%9B%94_24%EC%9D%BC" title="음력 8월 24일">8월 24일</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/1627%EB%85%84" title="1627년">1627년</a> <a href="/wiki/10%EC%9B%94_2%EC%9D%BC" title="10월 2일">10월 2일</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap">전임 </span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%9C" title="천계제">천계제</a>(天啓帝) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap">후임 </span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%A8%EB%AA%85" title="남명">남명</a>(南明) <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%8D%EA%B4%91%EC%A0%9C" title="홍광제">홍광제</a>(弘光帝) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap">섭정 </span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%9C%EA%B4%91%EA%B3%84" title="서광계">서광계</a> (1627 ~ 1628) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; vertical-align:middle; background: #DCDCDC;;"><b>신왕(信王)</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap">재위 </span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/1622%EB%85%84" title="1622년">1622년</a> <a href="/wiki/10%EC%9B%94_26%EC%9D%BC" title="10월 26일">10월 26일</a> ~ <a href="/wiki/1627%EB%85%84" title="1627년">1627년</a> <a href="/wiki/10%EC%9B%94_2%EC%9D%BC" title="10월 2일">10월 2일</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap">즉위식 </span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EA%B3%84_(%EB%AA%85)" title="천계 (명)">천계</a>(天啓) 2년 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%8C%EB%A0%A5_9%EC%9B%94_26%EC%9D%BC" title="음력 9월 26일">9월 26일</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/1622%EB%85%84" title="1622년">1622년</a> <a href="/wiki/10%EC%9B%94_26%EC%9D%BC" title="10월 26일">10월 26일</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; vertical-align:middle; background: #9f0807; color:#FFD700;"><b>이름</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap">휘 </span> </th> <td>주유검(朱由檢) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap">묘호 </span> </th> <td><청나라> 회종(懷宗)<br /><남명> 의종(毅宗) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap">시호 </span> </th> <td><청나라> <br />순천수도경검관문양무체인치효장렬민황제<br />(順天受道敬儉寬文襄武體仁致孝莊烈愍皇帝)<br /><남명><br />소천역도강명각검규문분무돈인무효열황제<br />(紹天繹道剛明恪儉揆文奮武敦仁懋孝烈皇帝) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap">능호 </span> </th> <td>사릉(思陵) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap">연호 </span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%88%AD%EC%A0%95_(%EC%97%B0%ED%98%B8)" title="숭정 (연호)">숭정</a>(崇禎) <a href="/wiki/1628%EB%85%84" title="1628년">1628년</a> ~ <a href="/wiki/1644%EB%85%84" title="1644년">1644년</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; vertical-align:middle; background: #9f0807; color:#FFD700;"><b>신상정보</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap">출생일 </span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%8C%EB%A0%A5" title="만력">만력</a>(萬曆) 38년 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%8C%EB%A0%A5_12%EC%9B%94_24%EC%9D%BC" title="음력 12월 24일">12월 24일</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/1611%EB%85%84" title="1611년">1611년</a> <a href="/wiki/2%EC%9B%94_6%EC%9D%BC" title="2월 6일">2월 6일</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap">사망일 </span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%88%AD%EC%A0%95_(%EC%97%B0%ED%98%B8)" title="숭정 (연호)">숭정</a>(崇禎) 17년 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%8C%EB%A0%A5_3%EC%9B%94_19%EC%9D%BC" title="음력 3월 19일">3월 19일</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/1644%EB%85%84" title="1644년">1644년</a> <a href="/wiki/4%EC%9B%94_25%EC%9D%BC" title="4월 25일">4월 25일</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap">부친 </span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%B0%BD%EC%A0%9C" title="태창제">태창제</a>(泰昌帝) 주상락(朱常洛) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap">모친 </span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%9A%A8%EC%88%9C%ED%83%9C%ED%9B%84" title="효순태후">효순황태후</a>(孝純皇太后) 유씨(劉氏) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap">배우자 </span> </th> <td>황후(皇后) 주씨(周氏) </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>명 의종 숭정제</b>(明毅宗崇禎帝, <a href="/wiki/1611%EB%85%84" title="1611년">1611년</a> <a href="/wiki/2%EC%9B%94_6%EC%9D%BC" title="2월 6일">2월 6일</a>(<a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%8C%EB%A0%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="음력">음력</a> <a href="/wiki/1610%EB%85%84" title="1610년">1610년</a> <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%8C%EB%A0%A5_12%EC%9B%94_24%EC%9D%BC" title="음력 12월 24일">12월 24일</a>) ~ <a href="/wiki/1644%EB%85%84" title="1644년">1644년</a> <a href="/wiki/4%EC%9B%94_25%EC%9D%BC" title="4월 25일">4월 25일</a>(<a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%8C%EB%A0%A5_3%EC%9B%94_19%EC%9D%BC" title="음력 3월 19일">음력 3월 19일</a>))는 중국 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%85%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC" title="명나라">명나라</a>의 제16대 황제(재위 : <a href="/wiki/1627%EB%85%84" title="1627년">1627년</a> ~ <a href="/wiki/1644%EB%85%84" title="1644년">1644년</a>)이다. 시호는 <b>순천수도경검관문양무체인치효장렬민황제</b> (順天受道敬儉寬文襄武體仁致孝莊烈愍皇帝), <b>소천역도강명각검규문분무돈인무효열황제</b> (紹天繹道剛明恪儉揆文奮武敦仁懋孝烈皇帝)이며, <a href="/wiki/%ED%9C%98" title="휘">휘</a>는 <b>유검</b>(由檢)이다. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%9C" title="천계제">천계제</a>의 동생으로 후사가 없는 천계제의 뒤를 이어 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%85%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC" title="명나라">명나라</a> 제16대 황제로 즉위하였다. 역사학계에서는 논란을 피하기 위해, <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%A8%EB%AA%85" title="남명">남명</a>과 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%AD%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC" title="청나라">청나라</a>에서 공식적으로 쓰는 묘호와 시호를 같이 쓰거나, 그것들을 쓰지 않고 <b>숭정제</b>(崇禎帝)로 통용되어 쓰기도 한다. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="생애"><span id=".EC.83.9D.EC.95.A0"></span>생애</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%88%AD%EC%A0%95%EC%A0%9C&action=edit&section=1" title="부분 편집: 생애"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/1611%EB%85%84" title="1611년">1611년</a> <a href="/wiki/2%EC%9B%94_6%EC%9D%BC" title="2월 6일">2월 6일</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%B0%BD%EC%A0%9C" title="태창제">태창제</a>의 다섯째 아들로 태어났다. 형인 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%9C" title="천계제">천계제</a>의 아들들이 모두 요절하였고, <a href="/wiki/1627%EB%85%84" title="1627년">1627년</a> <a href="/wiki/9%EC%9B%94_30%EC%9D%BC" title="9월 30일">9월 30일</a> 천계제가 죽은 뒤, 왕위에 올랐다. 즉위 후 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%9C%EA%B4%91%EA%B3%84" title="서광계">서광계</a>가 1년간 섭정하였기에 형 천계제때 전횡을 부린 환관 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%EC%B6%A9%ED%98%84" title="위충현">위충현</a>을 처단하였고, 1628년 친정을 하였으며 명나라 명신으로 유명한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%9C%EA%B4%91%EA%B3%84" title="서광계">서광계</a>를 고급 신료로써 재등용하는 등 국정 개혁에 임한다. </p><p>명 말은 <a href="/wiki/1619%EB%85%84" title="1619년">1619년</a> <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%A5%B4%ED%9B%84_%EC%A0%84%ED%88%AC" title="사르후 전투">사르후 전투</a>에서 패전 이후 북쪽에서 만주족 국가 <a href="/wiki/%ED%9B%84%EA%B8%88" title="후금">후금</a>이 침입해오고, 남쪽에서는 <a href="/wiki/1627%EB%85%84" title="1627년">1627년</a>에 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%9E%90%EC%84%B1%EC%9D%98_%EB%82%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="이자성의 난">이자성의 난</a>이 일어나서 명나라으로선 어려운 시기였으며, 또한 17세기 들어 닥친 전 세계적인 기상악화와 천재지변으로 흉작이 계속되어 더욱 더 민심이 흉흉했다. 만력 연간 이후로 계속해서 세금이 증가하고 재정의 수요가 증가하였지만, 재정은 날로 악화되고 있었다. 숭정제가 즉위할 무렵의 명나라가 닥친 어려움이 이와 같았다. </p><p>숭정제는 천계제와 달리 정치에 열심이고, 정사(政事)에 빠지는 일도 없고, 검소한 생활을 하여, 황제로 있던 17년 동안 부지런히 국정에 임하였던 황제로 알려져 있다. 그러나 시의심(猜疑心)이 강하고, 가신을 신용하지 못했던 약점을 가지고 있었다. 즉위 직후부터 여러 차례 신하를 죽였고, 특히 <a href="/wiki/1630%EB%85%84" title="1630년">1630년</a> <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%B0%ED%95%B4%EA%B4%80" title="산해관">산해관</a>에서 만주족으로부터의 방어를 혼자서 맡고 있던 명장 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%88%AD%ED%99%98" title="원숭환">원숭환</a>을 죽인 일은 치명적이었던 것으로 평가된다. 혹자는 명 말의 숭정 연간 혼란의 원인 중 하나를 숭정제의 시의심으로 꼽기도 한다.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 재위 17년간에, 숭정제에 의해서 살해당한 신하는 총독(総督) 7명, 순무(巡撫) 11명에 달해, 그 외 파면된 사람도 다수 있어 이것이 신하들의 사기를 현저히 저하하게 만드는 요인이 되었다. </p><p>숭정제는 중세(重稅)를 견디지 못한 섬서성 출신 반란군인 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%9E%90%EC%84%B1_(%EC%98%81%EC%B0%BD%EC%A0%9C)" class="mw-redirect" title="이자성 (영창제)">이자성</a>을 진압하기 위해 차례로 토벌군을 보내지만, 그 이자성 토벌군을 조직 하기 위해서는 다시 증세(增稅)가 필요했다. 다시 이로 인해 궁핍한 백성들이 반란군에 참가해, 상황은 호전되지 않았다. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1644%EB%85%84" title="1644년">1644년</a>, 이자성군은 북경을 포위하여, <a href="/wiki/4%EC%9B%94_24%EC%9D%BC" title="4월 24일">4월 24일</a>에 총공격을 감행한다. 한 기록에 따르면 숭정제는 위급을 알리는 종을 울렸지만, 신하들이 모두 도망가서, 환관 왕승은(王承恩)만 혼자 있었다고 한다. <a href="/wiki/1644%EB%85%84" title="1644년">1644년</a> <a href="/wiki/4%EC%9B%94_25%EC%9D%BC" title="4월 25일">4월 25일</a> 새벽, 사방이 불타는 와중에 숭정제는 아들들을 자금성으로부터 탈출시키고, 처첩과 딸들을 살해하고, 자금성의 북쪽에 있는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%95%EC%82%B0_%EA%B3%B5%EC%9B%90" title="징산 공원">경산</a>(景山)으로 가서 목을 매달아 자살하였다.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="사후"><span id=".EC.82.AC.ED.9B.84"></span>사후</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%88%AD%EC%A0%95%EC%A0%9C&action=edit&section=2" title="부분 편집: 사후"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="시호,_묘호"><span id=".EC.8B.9C.ED.98.B8.2C_.EB.AC.98.ED.98.B8"></span>시호, 묘호</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%88%AD%EC%A0%95%EC%A0%9C&action=edit&section=3" title="부분 편집: 시호, 묘호"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="청나라"><span id=".EC.B2.AD.EB.82.98.EB.9D.BC"></span><a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%AD%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC" title="청나라">청나라</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%88%AD%EC%A0%95%EC%A0%9C&action=edit&section=4" title="부분 편집: 청나라"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>청나라에서는 숭정제 사후에 명나라 황제의 예로 묘호를 회종(懷宗)으로 시호를 순천수도경검관문양무체인치효단황제(順天受道敬儉寬文襄武體仁致孝端皇帝)로 올렸다. <a href="/wiki/%EC%88%9C%EC%B9%98" title="순치">순치</a> 16년(<a href="/wiki/1659%EB%85%84" title="1659년">1659년</a>)에 단황제를 장렬민황제(莊烈愍皇帝)로 고쳐 다시 추존했다. 장렬민황제를 줄여서 《<a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%85%EC%82%AC_(%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC%EC%84%9C)" title="명사 (역사서)">명사</a>》 등의 역사서에서는 장렬제(莊烈帝), 명민제(明愍帝)라 부르기도 하였다. </p><p>그 외 청나라에서 건의하거나 올리려고 했던 묘호에는 흠종(欽宗), 열종(烈宗), 경종(敬宗) 등이 있으며, 시호는 수도경검관문양무체인치효장렬민황제(守道敬儉寬文襄武體仁致孝莊烈愍皇帝), 과의돈검홍문양무체인치효장렬민황제(果毅敦儉弘文襄武體仁致孝莊烈愍皇帝) 등이 있다. </p><p>청나라에서 최종적으로 올리는 묘호는 <b>회종</b>(懷宗)이며, 시호는 <b>순천수도경검관문양무체인치효장렬민황제</b>(順天受道敬儉寬文襄武體仁致孝莊烈愍皇帝)이다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="남명"><span id=".EB.82.A8.EB.AA.85"></span><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%A8%EB%AA%85" title="남명">남명</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%88%AD%EC%A0%95%EC%A0%9C&action=edit&section=5" title="부분 편집: 남명"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>남명 정권에서는 <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%8D%EA%B4%91%EC%A0%9C" title="홍광제">홍광제</a>가 즉위한 후에 묘호 사종(思宗), 시호는 소천역도강명각검규문분무돈인무효열황제(紹天繹道剛明恪儉揆文奮武敦仁懋孝烈皇帝)로 추존하였고, 이듬해인 <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%8D%EA%B4%91" title="홍광">홍광</a> 원년(<a href="/wiki/1645%EB%85%84" title="1645년">1645년</a>)에는 묘호를 고쳐서 의종(毅宗)이라 하였다. <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%B5%EB%AC%B4%EC%A0%9C" title="융무제">융무제</a> 때에는 위종(威宗)이라고 고쳐 올렸으나, 잘 쓰이지는 않았다. </p><p>그 외 남명에서 올리려고 했던 묘호로는 열종(烈宗), 건종(乾宗) 등이 있으며, 시호는 민황제(敏皇帝), 정황제(正皇帝) 등이 있다. </p><p>남명 정권에서 최종적으로 인정한 묘호는 <b>의종</b>(毅宗)이며, 시호는 <b>소천역도강명각검규문분무돈인무효열황제</b>(紹天繹道剛明恪儉揆文奮武敦仁懋孝烈皇帝)이다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="기타"><span id=".EA.B8.B0.ED.83.80"></span>기타</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%88%AD%EC%A0%95%EC%A0%9C&action=edit&section=6" title="부분 편집: 기타"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0" title="조선">조선</a>에서는 숭정제 사후를 기점으로 숭정기원이라는 연호를 사용했다. <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0" title="조선">조선</a>의 사대부들은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%AD%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC" title="청나라">청나라</a>의 연호 사용을 거부하여, 공식 대외 공문서에만 청나라의 연호를 쓰고 실생활의 문서, 경조사, 묘비명, 신도비문 등에는 숭정제의 사망을 숭정기원 1년으로 하고 숭정기원 연호를 사용하거나, 후임자인 <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EB%A0%A5%EC%A0%9C" title="영력제">영력제</a>의 연호를 사용한다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="가족"><span id=".EA.B0.80.EC.A1.B1"></span>가족</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%88%AD%EC%A0%95%EC%A0%9C&action=edit&section=7" title="부분 편집: 가족"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>조부</b> : <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%8C%EB%A0%A5%EC%A0%9C" title="만력제">신종 만력현황제</a>(神宗萬曆顯皇帝) 주익균(朱翊鈞)</li> <li><b>조모</b> : <a href="/wiki/%ED%9A%A8%EC%A0%95%ED%83%9C%ED%9B%84_(%EB%A7%8C%EB%A0%A5%EC%A0%9C)" title="효정태후 (만력제)">효정황태후</a>(孝靖皇太后) 왕씨(王氏)</li> <li><b>부친</b> : <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%B0%BD%EC%A0%9C" title="태창제">광종 태창정황제</a>(光宗泰昌貞皇帝) 주상락(朱常洛)</li> <li><b>모친</b> : <a href="/wiki/%ED%9A%A8%EC%88%9C%ED%83%9C%ED%9B%84" title="효순태후">효순황태후</a>(孝純皇太后) 유씨(劉氏)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="황후"><span id=".ED.99.A9.ED.9B.84"></span>황후</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%88%AD%EC%A0%95%EC%A0%9C&action=edit&section=8" title="부분 편집: 황후"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>봉호</th> <th>시호</th> <th>이름(성씨)</th> <th>재위년도</th> <th>생몰년도</th> <th>국구(장인/장모)</th> <th>별칭</th> <th>비고 </th></tr> <tr> <td>황후(皇后)</td> <td><청나라><br /><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%A5%EB%A0%AC%EB%AF%BC%ED%99%A9%ED%9B%84" class="mw-redirect" title="장렬민황후">장렬민황후</a>(莊烈愍皇后)<br /><남명><br /><a href="/wiki/%ED%9A%A8%EC%A0%88%EC%97%B4%ED%99%A9%ED%9B%84" title="효절열황후">효절열황후</a>(孝節烈皇后)</td> <td>주씨(周氏)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/1628%EB%85%84" title="1628년">1628년</a> ~ <a href="/wiki/1644%EB%85%84" title="1644년">1644년</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1611%EB%85%84" title="1611년">1611년</a> ~ <a href="/wiki/1644%EB%85%84" title="1644년">1644년</a></td> <td>가정후(嘉定侯)<br />주규(周奎)<br />가정후부인(嘉定侯夫人)<br />정씨(丁氏)</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="후궁"><span id=".ED.9B.84.EA.B6.81"></span>후궁</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%88%AD%EC%A0%95%EC%A0%9C&action=edit&section=9" title="부분 편집: 후궁"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size: 100%;"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <th>봉호</th> <th>시호</th> <th>이름(성씨)</th> <th>생몰년도</th> <th>국구(장인/장모)</th> <th>별칭</th> <th>비고 </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B3%B5%EC%88%99%EB%8B%A8%ED%98%9C%EC%A0%95%ED%9A%8C%ED%99%A9%EA%B7%80%EB%B9%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="공숙단혜정회황귀비 (없는 문서)">황귀비</a>(皇貴妃)</td> <td>공숙단혜정회황귀비<br />(恭淑端惠靜懷皇貴妃)</td> <td>전수영(田秀英)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/1611%EB%85%84" title="1611년">1611년</a> ~ <a href="/wiki/1642%EB%85%84" title="1642년">1642년</a></td> <td>전홍우(田弘遇)<br />오씨(吳氏)</td> <td>예비(禮妃)<br />귀비(貴妃)</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B7%80%EB%B9%84_%EC%9B%90%EC%94%A8_(%EC%88%AD%EC%A0%95%EC%A0%9C)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="귀비 원씨 (숭정제) (없는 문서)">귀비</a>(貴妃)</td> <td></td> <td>원씨(袁氏)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/1616%EB%85%84" title="1616년">1616년</a> ~ <a href="/wiki/1654%EB%85%84" title="1654년">1654년</a></td> <td>원우(袁祐)</td> <td>숙비(淑妃)</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>순비(順妃)</td> <td></td> <td>주씨(周氏)</td> <td>? ~ <a href="/wiki/1644%EB%85%84" title="1644년">1644년</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-후궁1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-후궁1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>비(妃)</td> <td></td> <td>심씨(沈氏)</td> <td>? ~ <a href="/wiki/1644%EB%85%84" title="1644년">1644년</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-후궁1_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-후궁1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>비(妃)</td> <td></td> <td>왕씨(王氏)</td> <td>? ~ <a href="/wiki/1644%EB%85%84" title="1644년">1644년</a></td> <td></td> <td>일왕비(一王妃)</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-후궁1_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-후궁1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>비(妃)</td> <td></td> <td>왕씨(王氏)</td> <td>? ~ <a href="/wiki/1644%EB%85%84" title="1644년">1644년</a></td> <td></td> <td>이왕비(二王妃)</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-후궁1_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-후궁1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>비(妃)</td> <td></td> <td>유씨(劉氏)</td> <td>? ~ <a href="/wiki/1644%EB%85%84" title="1644년">1644년</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-후궁1_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-후궁1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>비(妃)</td> <td></td> <td>방씨(方氏)</td> <td>? ~ <a href="/wiki/1644%EB%85%84" title="1644년">1644년</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-후궁1_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-후궁1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>비(妃)</td> <td></td> <td>우씨(尤氏)</td> <td>? ~ <a href="/wiki/1644%EB%85%84" title="1644년">1644년</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-후궁1_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-후궁1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>선시(選侍)</td> <td></td> <td>범씨(范氏)</td> <td>? ~ <a href="/wiki/1644%EB%85%84" title="1644년">1644년</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-후궁1_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-후궁1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>선시(選侍)</td> <td></td> <td>설씨(薛氏)</td> <td>? ~ <a href="/wiki/1644%EB%85%84" title="1644년">1644년</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-후궁1_7-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-후궁1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td></td> <td></td> <td>양염희(養豔姬)</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-후궁2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-후궁2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td></td> <td></td> <td>인완옥(藺婉玉)</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-후궁2_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-후궁2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="황자"><span id=".ED.99.A9.EC.9E.90"></span>황자</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%88%AD%EC%A0%95%EC%A0%9C&action=edit&section=10" title="부분 편집: 황자"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size: 100%;"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <th>-</th> <th>봉호</th> <th>시호</th> <th>이름</th> <th>생몰년도</th> <th>생모</th> <th>자식</th> <th>별칭</th> <th>비고 </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>장남</td> <td>황태자(皇太子)</td> <td>헌민(獻愍)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EC%9E%90%EB%9E%91" title="주자랑">주자랑</a>(朱慈烺)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/1629%EB%85%84" title="1629년">1629년</a> ~ <a href="/wiki/1644%EB%85%84" title="1644년">1644년</a></td> <td>황후 주씨</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>차남</td> <td>회왕(懷王)</td> <td>은(隱)</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A3%BC%EC%9E%90%ED%9B%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="주자훤 (없는 문서)">주자훤</a>(朱慈烜)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/1630%EB%85%84" title="1630년">1630년</a></td> <td>황후 주씨</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>요절함. </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>3남</td> <td>정왕(定王)</td> <td>애(哀)</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A3%BC%EC%9E%90%ED%98%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="주자형 (없는 문서)">주자형</a>(朱慈炯)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/1632%EB%85%84" title="1632년">1632년</a> ~ ?</td> <td>황후 주씨</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>4남</td> <td>영왕(永王)</td> <td>도(悼)</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A3%BC%EC%9E%90%EC%86%8C_(%EC%88%AD%EC%A0%95%EC%A0%9C%EC%9D%98_4%EB%82%A8)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="주자소 (숭정제의 4남) (없는 문서)">주자소</a>(朱慈炤)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/1632%EB%85%84" title="1632년">1632년</a> ~ ?</td> <td>공숙황귀비 전씨</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>5남</td> <td>왕(王)</td> <td>도령(悼靈)</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A3%BC%EC%9E%90%ED%99%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="주자환 (없는 문서)">주자환</a>(朱慈煥)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/1633%EB%85%84" title="1633년">1633년</a> ~ <a href="/wiki/1637%EB%85%84" title="1637년">1637년</a></td> <td>공숙황귀비 전씨</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>요절함. </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>6남</td> <td>왕(王)</td> <td>도회(悼懷)</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A3%BC%EC%9E%90%EC%B0%AC_(%EC%88%AD%EB%8D%95%EC%A0%9C%EC%9D%98_6%EB%82%A8)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="주자찬 (숭덕제의 6남) (없는 문서)">주자찬</a>(朱慈燦)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/1637%EB%85%84" title="1637년">1637년</a> ~ <a href="/wiki/1639%EB%85%84" title="1639년">1639년</a></td> <td>공숙황귀비 전씨</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>요절함. </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>7남</td> <td>왕(王)</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%8F%84%EB%9F%89%EC%99%95_(%EC%88%AD%EC%A0%95%EC%A0%9C%EC%9D%98_7%EB%82%A8)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="도량왕 (숭정제의 7남) (없는 문서)">도량</a>(悼良)</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>공숙황귀비 전씨</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>요절함. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="황녀"><span id=".ED.99.A9.EB.85.80"></span>황녀</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%88%AD%EC%A0%95%EC%A0%9C&action=edit&section=11" title="부분 편집: 황녀"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size: 100%;"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <th>-</th> <th>봉호</th> <th>이름</th> <th>생몰년도</th> <th>생모</th> <th>부마</th> <th>별칭</th> <th>비고 </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>장녀</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A4%EC%9D%98%EA%B3%B5%EC%A3%BC" title="곤의공주">곤의공주</a>(坤儀公主)</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1630%EB%85%84" title="1630년">1630년</a> ~ ?</td> <td>황후 주씨</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>요절함. </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>차녀</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%A5%ED%8F%89%EA%B3%B5%EC%A3%BC" title="장평공주">장평공주</a>(長平公主)</td> <td>주미착(朱媺娖)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/1631%EB%85%84" title="1631년">1631년</a> ~ <a href="/wiki/1646%EB%85%84" title="1646년">1646년</a></td> <td>황후 주씨</td> <td>주현(周顯)</td> <td>곤흥공주(坤興公主)</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>3녀</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%86%8C%EC%9D%B8%EA%B3%B5%EC%A3%BC" title="소인공주">소인공주</a>(昭仁公主)</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1639%EB%85%84" title="1639년">1639년</a> ~ <a href="/wiki/1644%EB%85%84" title="1644년">1644년</a></td> <td>황후 주씨</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="기년과_연호"><span id=".EA.B8.B0.EB.85.84.EA.B3.BC_.EC.97.B0.ED.98.B8"></span>기년과 연호</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%88%AD%EC%A0%95%EC%A0%9C&action=edit&section=12" title="부분 편집: 기년과 연호"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r34311305">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> 이 부분의 본문은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%B0%ED%98%B8_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D#명(明)" title="중국의 연호 목록">중국의 연호 목록 § 명(明)</a>입니다.</div> <table class="wikitable" style="background-color: #fff;"> <tbody><tr> <th>연호</th> <th colspan="2">사용기간</th> <th>년수</th> <th>비고 </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%88%AD%EC%A0%95_(%EC%97%B0%ED%98%B8)" title="숭정 (연호)">숭정</a>(崇禎)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/1628%EB%85%84" title="1628년">1628년</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1644%EB%85%84" title="1644년">1644년</a></td> <td>17년</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="같이_보기"><span id=".EA.B0.99.EC.9D.B4_.EB.B3.B4.EA.B8.B0"></span>같이 보기</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%88%AD%EC%A0%95%EC%A0%9C&action=edit&section=13" title="부분 편집: 같이 보기"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480479">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480595">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%AF%B8%EB%94%94%EC%96%B4_%EA%B3%B5%EC%9A%A9" title="위키미디어 공용">위키미디어 공용</a></b>에 관련된<br />미디어 분류가 있습니다.<div style="padding-left:1em;"><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chongzhen_Emperor?uselang=ko">숭정제</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%9E%90%EC%84%B1%EC%9D%98_%EB%82%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="이자성의 난">이자성의 난</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%8C%EB%8F%99%EB%AC%98" title="만동묘">만동묘</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="각주"><span id=".EA.B0.81.EC.A3.BC"></span>각주</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%88%AD%EC%A0%95%EC%A0%9C&action=edit&section=14" title="부분 편집: 각주"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r35556958">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">談遷, 《國榷》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">숭정 27년 3월 18일]] 暝，都城陷，帝泣语后曰：“大事去矣。”后顿首曰：“妾事陛下十有八年，卒不听一语，至有今日。”乃抚太子、二王恸哭，遣之出宫。帝令后自裁。后入室阖户，宫人出奏，犹云“皇后领旨”。后遂先帝崩。帝又命袁贵妃自缢，系绝，久之苏。帝拔剑斫其肩，又斫所御妃嫔数人，袁妃卒不殊。世祖章皇帝定鼎，谥后曰莊烈愍皇后，与帝同葬田贵妃寝园，名曰思陵。下所司给袁妃居宅，赡养终其身。（《명사》후비열전·莊烈帝愍周皇后）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">효경단황후(孝敬端皇后)/효열정황후(孝烈正皇后)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">명나라가 멸망하기 전에 자결함.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">숭정제가 시해 하기 전에 죽은 후궁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">명나라가 망한 이후에도 살아남은 유일한 후궁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-후궁1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-후궁1_7-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-후궁1_7-1">나</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-후궁1_7-2">다</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-후궁1_7-3">라</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-후궁1_7-4">마</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-후궁1_7-5">바</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-후궁1_7-6">사</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-후궁1_7-7">아</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-후궁1_7-8">자</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">명나라 망하기 전에 숭정제에게 시해당함.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-후궁2-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-후궁2_8-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-후궁2_8-1">나</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">정식 후궁이 아니며, 명나라가 망한 이후에는 출가함.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">피난 도중 이자성 세력에게 피살당함.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">명나라 멸망 이후에 행방불명 됨.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">명나라 멸망 이후에 행방불명 됨.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">숭정제에게 죽임을 당하나 죽지 않고 팔만 잘림.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">숭정제의 의해 시해당함.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <table class="notheme" align="center" style="width:80%; border-collapse:collapse; border-top:0.2em solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:0.2em solid #aaaaaa; clear:both; margin:0.3em auto; background:#F9F9F9; text-align:center; line-height:1.5em;"> <tbody><tr style="font-size:85%"> <td style="width:25%">전임<br /><b><a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%9C" title="천계제">명 희종</a></b> </td> <td style="width:50%">제16대 명나라 황제<br /><a href="/wiki/1627%EB%85%84" title="1627년">1627년</a>~<a href="/wiki/1644%EB%85%84" title="1644년">1644년</a> </td> <td style="width:25%">후임<br /><b><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%8D%EA%B4%91%EC%A0%9C" title="홍광제">명 안종</a></b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480591">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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dd:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li:after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li:after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li:after{content:", ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-slash dd:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-slash li:after{content:" / ";font-weight:normal}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36429174">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="대명_황제" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:gold;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r34311309">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-보기"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EB%AA%85%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%98_%ED%99%A9%EC%A0%9C" title="틀:명나라의 황제"><abbr title="이 틀을 보기" style=";text-align:center; background:gold;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-토론"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8B%80%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0:%EB%AA%85%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%98_%ED%99%A9%EC%A0%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="틀토론:명나라의 황제 (없는 문서)"><abbr title="이 틀에 관해 토론하기" style=";text-align:center; background:gold;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-편집"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C%ED%8E%B8%EC%A7%91/%ED%8B%80:%EB%AA%85%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%98_%ED%99%A9%EC%A0%9C" title="특수:문서편집/틀:명나라의 황제"><abbr title="이 틀을 편집하기" style=";text-align:center; background:gold;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="대명_황제" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%85%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%98_%ED%99%A9%EC%A0%9C" title="명나라의 황제">대명 황제</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; background:khaki;"><a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%85%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC" title="명나라">명</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; width:2em; background:#E9D66B;">추존</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EB%B0%B1%EB%A5%99" title="주백륙">덕조</a> ~ <a href="/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EC%82%AC%EA%B5%AC" title="주사구">의조</a> ~ <a href="/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EC%B4%88%EC%9D%BC" title="주초일">희조</a> ~ <a href="/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EC%84%B8%EC%A7%84" title="주세진">인조</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%ED%91%9C" title="주표">흥종</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EC%9A%B0%EC%9B%90" title="주우원">예종</a>(睿宗)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; width:2em; background:#E9D66B;">통치</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%8D%EB%AC%B4%EC%A0%9C" title="홍무제">홍무제</a>(태조)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B1%B4%EB%AC%B8%EC%A0%9C" title="건문제">건문제</a>(혜종)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EB%9D%BD%EC%A0%9C" title="영락제">영락제</a>(성조)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%8D%ED%9D%AC%EC%A0%9C" title="홍희제">홍희제</a>(인종)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%A0%EB%8D%95%EC%A0%9C" title="선덕제">선덕제</a>(선종)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%95%ED%86%B5%EC%A0%9C" title="정통제">정통제</a>(영종)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%BD%ED%83%9C%EC%A0%9C" title="경태제">경태제</a>(대종)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%95%ED%86%B5%EC%A0%9C" title="정통제">천순제</a>(영종)<small>(복위)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B1%ED%99%94%EC%A0%9C" title="성화제">성화제</a>(헌종)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%8D%EC%B9%98%EC%A0%9C" title="홍치제">홍치제</a>(효종)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EB%8D%95%EC%A0%9C" title="정덕제">정덕제</a>(무종)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EC%A0%95%EC%A0%9C" title="가정제">가정제</a>(세종)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%B5%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C" title="융경제">융경제</a>(목종)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%8C%EB%A0%A5%EC%A0%9C" title="만력제">만력제</a>(신종)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%B0%BD%EC%A0%9C" title="태창제">태창제</a>(광종)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%9C" title="천계제">천계제</a>(희종)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">숭정제</a>(의종)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Left-facing_dragon_pattern_on_Hongwu_Emperor%27s_imperial_robe.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Left-facing_dragon_pattern_on_Hongwu_Emperor%27s_imperial_robe.png/100px-Left-facing_dragon_pattern_on_Hongwu_Emperor%27s_imperial_robe.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Left-facing_dragon_pattern_on_Hongwu_Emperor%27s_imperial_robe.png/150px-Left-facing_dragon_pattern_on_Hongwu_Emperor%27s_imperial_robe.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Left-facing_dragon_pattern_on_Hongwu_Emperor%27s_imperial_robe.png/200px-Left-facing_dragon_pattern_on_Hongwu_Emperor%27s_imperial_robe.png 2x" data-file-width="879" data-file-height="879" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; background:khaki;"><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%A8%EB%AA%85" title="남명">남명</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; width:2em; background:#E9D66B;">추존</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EC%9E%90%EB%9E%91" title="주자랑">순종</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EC%83%81%EC%88%9C" title="주상순">공종</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EC%9A%B0%EC%98%A8" title="주우온">혜제</a> ~ <a href="/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%98%81" title="주주영">순제</a> ~ <a href="/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EC%84%9D%ED%99%A9" title="주석황">단제</a> ~ <a href="/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EA%B8%B0%EC%84%B1" title="주기성">선제</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EC%83%81%EC%98%81" title="주상영">예종</a>(禮宗)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; width:2em; background:#E9D66B;">통치</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%8D%EA%B4%91%EC%A0%9C" title="홍광제">홍광제</a>(안종)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%B5%EB%AC%B4%EC%A0%9C" title="융무제">융무제</a>(소종)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EB%A0%A5%EC%A0%9C" title="영력제">영력제</a>(소종)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; width:2em; background:#E9D66B;">비정통</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EC%8B%A0%ED%98%B8" title="주신호">순덕제</a>(영왕)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%B4%ED%95%B4" title="주이해">주이해</a>(노왕)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EC%83%81%EB%B0%A9" title="주상방">주상방</a>(감국)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%86%8C%EB%AC%B4%EC%A0%9C" title="소무제">소무제</a>(문종)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EB%AC%B4%EC%A0%9C" title="동무제">동무제</a>(회왕)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%ED%98%95%EA%B0%80" title="주형가">흥업제</a>(원종)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EB%AC%B4%EC%A0%9C" title="정무제">정무제</a>(한왕)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A3%BC%EB%8B%A8%EC%B2%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="주단척 (없는 문서)">주단척</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A3%BC%EA%B2%BD%EB%A5%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="주경률 (없는 문서)">주경률</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="text-align:center; background-color:gold;"><div>관련 틀: <a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EB%AA%85_%EC%B6%94%EC%A1%B4_%EC%84%B1%EC%8B%A0%EA%B3%BC_%EC%84%B1%EC%9D%B8" title="틀:명 추존 성신과 성인">성신 및 성인</a> / <a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EB%AA%85%EC%B2%AD%EA%B5%90%EC%B2%B4%EA%B8%B0_%EA%B5%B0%EC%A3%BC" title="틀:명청교체기 군주">틀:명청교체기 군주</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%82%BC%ED%99%A9%EC%98%A4%EC%A0%9C" title="틀:삼황오제">삼황오제</a> → <a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%ED%95%98%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%98_%EA%B5%B0%EC%A3%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="틀:하나라의 군주">하</a> → <a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%83%81%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%98_%EA%B5%B0%EC%A3%BC" title="틀:상나라의 군주">상</a> → <a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%A3%BC%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%98_%EA%B5%B0%EC%A3%BC" title="틀:주나라의 군주">주</a> → <a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%A7%84%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%98_%EA%B5%B0%EC%A3%BC" title="틀:진나라의 군주">진(秦)</a> → <a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%ED%95%9C%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%98_%ED%99%A9%EC%A0%9C" title="틀:한나라의 황제">한</a> → <a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD_%EC%82%BC%EA%B5%AD_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80%EC%9D%98_%ED%99%A9%EC%A0%9C" title="틀:중국 삼국 시대의 황제">삼국</a> → <a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%A7%84_(%EC%9C%84%EC%A7%84)%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%98_%ED%99%A9%EC%A0%9C" title="틀:진 (위진)나라의 황제">진(晉)</a> / <a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%98%A4%ED%98%B8_%EC%8B%AD%EC%9C%A1%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%98_%EA%B5%B0%EC%A3%BC" title="틀:오호 십육국의 군주">오호 십육국</a> → <a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD_%EB%82%A8%EC%A1%B0%EC%9D%98_%ED%99%A9%EC%A0%9C" title="틀:중국 남조의 황제">남조</a> / <a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%9B%90%EC%9C%84%EC%9D%98_%EA%B5%B0%EC%A3%BC" title="틀:원위의 군주">원위</a> - <a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EB%B6%81%EC%A0%9C%EC%9D%98_%ED%99%A9%EC%A0%9C" title="틀:북제의 황제">북제</a> - <a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EB%B6%81%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98_%ED%99%A9%EC%A0%9C" title="틀:북주의 황제">북주</a> → <a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%88%98%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%98_%ED%99%A9%EC%A0%9C" title="틀:수나라의 황제">수</a> → <a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EB%8B%B9%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%98_%ED%99%A9%EC%A0%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="틀:당나라의 황제">당</a> → <a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%98%A4%EB%8C%80%EC%9D%98_%ED%99%A9%EC%A0%9C" title="틀:오대의 황제">오대</a> / <a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%8B%AD%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%98_%EA%B5%B0%EC%A3%BC" title="틀:십국의 군주">십국</a> → <a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%86%A1%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%98_%ED%99%A9%EC%A0%9C" title="틀:송나라의 황제">송</a> / <a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%9A%94%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%98_%ED%99%A9%EC%A0%9C" title="틀:요나라의 황제">요</a> / <a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%84%9C%ED%95%98%EC%9D%98_%ED%99%A9%EC%A0%9C" title="틀:서하의 황제">서하</a> / <a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EA%B8%88%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%98_%ED%99%A9%EC%A0%9C" title="틀:금나라의 황제">금</a> → <a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%9B%90%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%98_%EA%B5%B0%EC%A3%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="틀:원나라의 군주">원</a> → <a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EB%AA%85%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%98_%ED%99%A9%EC%A0%9C" title="틀:명나라의 황제">명</a> → <a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%B2%AD%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%98_%ED%99%A9%EC%A0%9C" title="틀:청나라의 황제">청</a> → <a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%A4%91%ED%99%94%EB%AF%BC%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%98_%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80%EC%9B%90%EC%88%98" title="틀:중화민국의 국가원수">중화민국</a> / <a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%A4%91%ED%99%94%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD_%EC%A3%BC%EC%84%9D" title="틀:중화인민공화국 주석">중화인민공화국</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36429174"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="전거_통제_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=위키데이터에서_편집하기&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10069#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;위키데이터에서_편집하기" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="전거_통제_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=위키데이터에서_편집하기&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10069#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;위키데이터에서_편집하기" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%A0%84%EA%B1%B0_%ED%86%B5%EC%A0%9C" title="위키백과:전거 통제">전거 통제</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10069#identifiers" title="위키데이터에서 편집하기"><img alt="위키데이터에서 편집하기" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">국제</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/101963/">FAST</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000063208790">ISNI</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/8308453">VIAF</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJmxXj39xYP4jXVX8dqCwC">월드캣</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">국가</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/123975611">독일</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007348366905171">이스라엘</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82152323">미국</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p15384020X">네덜란드</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">인물</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1330891">Trove</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">원본 주소 "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=숭정제&oldid=37814646">https://ko.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=숭정제&oldid=37814646</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98" title="특수:분류">분류</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EC%88%AD%EC%A0%95%EC%A0%9C" title="분류:숭정제">숭정제</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:1611%EB%85%84_%EC%B6%9C%EC%83%9D" title="분류:1611년 출생">1611년 출생</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:1644%EB%85%84_%EC%82%AC%EB%A7%9D" title="분류:1644년 사망">1644년 사망</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EB%AA%85%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%98_%ED%99%A9%EC%A0%9C" title="분류:명나라의 황제">명나라의 황제</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%ED%83%9C%EC%B0%BD%EC%A0%9C%EC%9D%98_%ED%99%A9%EC%9E%90" title="분류:태창제의 황자">태창제의 황자</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EC%9E%90%EC%82%B4%ED%95%9C_%EA%B5%B0%EC%A3%BC" title="분류:자살한 군주">자살한 군주</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EB%AA%A9_%EB%A7%A4%EB%8B%AC%EC%95%84_%EC%9E%90%EC%82%B4%ED%95%9C_%EC%82%AC%EB%9E%8C" title="분류:목 매달아 자살한 사람">목 매달아 자살한 사람</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EA%B9%80%EC%9A%A9%EC%9D%98_%EC%86%8C%EC%84%A4_%EB%93%B1%EC%9E%A5%EC%9D%B8%EB%AC%BC" title="분류:김용의 소설 등장인물">김용의 소설 등장인물</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:17%EC%84%B8%EA%B8%B0_%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD_%EC%82%AC%EB%9E%8C" title="분류:17세기 중국 사람">17세기 중국 사람</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:17%EC%84%B8%EA%B8%B0_%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%98_%EA%B5%B0%EC%A3%BC" title="분류:17세기 중국의 군주">17세기 중국의 군주</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EB%AA%85%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%98_%EC%B9%9C%EC%99%95" title="분류:명나라의 친왕">명나라의 친왕</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EB%AA%85%EC%B2%AD_%EC%A0%84%EC%9F%81_%EA%B4%80%EB%A0%A8%EC%9E%90" title="분류:명청 전쟁 관련자">명청 전쟁 관련자</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks 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