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<span>Characteristics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Visibility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visibility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Visibility</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Visibility-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Visibility subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Visibility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Use_in_navigation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_in_navigation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Use in navigation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_in_navigation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bright_stars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bright_stars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Bright stars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bright_stars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Features</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Features-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Features subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Stars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Stars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scorpius–Centaurus_association" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scorpius–Centaurus_association"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Scorpius–Centaurus association</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scorpius–Centaurus_association-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variable_stars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variable_stars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Variable stars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variable_stars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Host_star_exoplanets_in_Crux" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Host_star_exoplanets_in_Crux"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Host star exoplanets in Crux</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Host_star_exoplanets_in_Crux-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Objects_beyond_the_Local_Arm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Objects_beyond_the_Local_Arm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Objects beyond the Local Arm</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Objects_beyond_the_Local_Arm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Cultural significance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cultural_significance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cultural significance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cultural_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Flags_and_symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flags_and_symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Flags and symbols</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flags_and_symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Various_cultures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Various_cultures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Various cultures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Various_cultures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Crux</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 88 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-88" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">88 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suiderkruis" title="Suiderkruis – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Suiderkruis" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%85_(%D9%83%D9%88%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%A9)" title="نعيم (كوكبة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نعيم (كوكبة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crux" title="Crux – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Crux" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91andu_Pys%C3%A3" title="Ñandu Pysã – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ñandu Pysã" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruz_del_Sur" title="Cruz del Sur – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Cruz del Sur" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C9%99nub_Xa%C3%A7%C4%B1_(b%C3%BCrc)" title="Cənub Xaçı (bürc) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Cənub Xaçı (bürc)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A2m-si%CC%8Dp-j%C4%AB-ch%C5%8D" title="Lâm-si̍p-jī-chō – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lâm-si̍p-jī-chō" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%A2%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5_(%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BB%D0%BE%D2%A1)" title="Көньяҡ Тәре (йондоҙлоҡ) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Көньяҡ Тәре (йондоҙлоҡ)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B6_(%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%E2%80%99%D0%B5)" title="Паўднёвы Крыж (сузор’е) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Паўднёвы Крыж (сузор’е)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B6_(%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%E2%80%99%D0%B5)" title="Крыж (сузор’е) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Крыж (сузор’е)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82_(%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B5)" title="Южен кръст (съзвездие) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Южен кръст (съзвездие)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ju%C5%BEni_krst_(sazvije%C5%BE%C4%91e)" title="Južni krst (sazviježđe) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Južni krst (sazviježđe)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroaz_ar_Su" title="Kroaz ar Su – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kroaz ar Su" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constel%C2%B7laci%C3%B3_de_la_Creu_del_Sud" title="Constel·lació de la Creu del Sud – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Constel·lació de la Creu del Sud" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Souhv%C4%9Bzd%C3%AD_Ji%C5%BEn%C3%ADho_k%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%BEe" title="Souhvězdí Jižního kříže – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Souhvězdí Jižního kříže" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crux" title="Crux – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Crux" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crux" title="Crux – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Crux" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydkorset" title="Sydkorset – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sydkorset" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreuz_des_S%C3%BCdens" title="Kreuz des Südens – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kreuz des Südens" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B5unarist" title="Lõunarist – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lõunarist" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%85%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9D%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Σταυρός του Νότου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σταυρός του Νότου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crux" title="Crux – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Crux" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suda_Kruco_(konstelacio)" title="Suda Kruco (konstelacio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Suda Kruco (konstelacio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hegoaldeko_Gurutzea" title="Hegoaldeko Gurutzea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hegoaldeko Gurutzea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%BE%D8%A7_(%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%84%DA%A9%DB%8C)" title="چلیپا (صورت فلکی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چلیپا (صورت فلکی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croix_du_Sud" title="Croix du Sud – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Croix du Sud" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suderkr%C3%BAs" title="Suderkrús – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Suderkrús" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Chros" title="An Chros – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Chros" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crux" title="Crux – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Crux" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A0m-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%8Dp-s%E1%B9%B3-chho" title="Nàm-sṳ̍p-sṳ-chho – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Nàm-sṳ̍p-sṳ-chho" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%A8%EC%8B%AD%EC%9E%90%EC%9E%90%EB%A6%AC" title="남십자자리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="남십자자리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D4%BD%D5%A1%D5%B9" title="Հարավային Խաչ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հարավային Խաչ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B2" title="त्रिशंकु तारामंडल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="त्रिशंकु तारामंडल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ju%C5%BEni_kri%C5%BE" title="Južni križ – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Južni križ" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunay" title="Sunay – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Sunay" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crux" title="Crux – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Crux" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Хуссары Дзуар – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хуссары Дзуар" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su%C3%B0urkrossinn" title="Suðurkrossinn – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Suðurkrossinn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croce_del_Sud" title="Croce del Sud – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Croce del Sud" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%9C%D7%91_%D7%94%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99" title="הצלב הדרומי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הצלב הדרומי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crux" title="Crux – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Crux" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C" title="ಕ್ರಕ್ಸ್‌ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕ್ರಕ್ಸ್‌" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ჯვრის თანავარსკვლავედი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯვრის თანავარსკვლავედი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crux_(ranneves)" title="Crux (ranneves) – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Crux (ranneves)" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salibu" title="Salibu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Salibu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xa%C3%A7_(komst%C3%AAr)" title="Xaç (komstêr) – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Xaç (komstêr)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crux_(constellatio)" title="Crux (constellatio) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Crux (constellatio)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dienvidu_Krusts" title="Dienvidu Krusts – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dienvidu Krusts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crux_(St%C3%A4rebild)" title="Crux (Stärebild) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Crux (Stärebild)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piet%C5%B3_Kry%C5%BEius" title="Pietų Kryžius – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pietų Kryžius" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9l_Keresztje_csillagk%C3%A9p" title="Dél Keresztje csillagkép – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Dél Keresztje csillagkép" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82_(%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%95%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B5)" title="Јужен Крст (соѕвездие) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јужен Крст (соѕвездие)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%83%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81_(%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BF)" title="തൃശങ്കു (നക്ഷത്രരാശി) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തൃശങ്കു (നക്ഷത്രരാശി)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B3" title="كراكس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كراكس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pari_(buruj)" title="Pari (buruj) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pari (buruj)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A0ng-s%C4%95k-c%C3%AA-c%C3%B4%CC%A4" title="Nàng-sĕk-cê-cô̤ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Nàng-sĕk-cê-cô̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%81%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA_(%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8)" title="ကြက်ခြေခတ် (ကြယ်စုတန်း) – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကြက်ခြေခတ် (ကြယ်စုတန်း)" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuiderkruis_(sterrenbeeld)" title="Zuiderkruis (sterrenbeeld) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zuiderkruis (sterrenbeeld)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%BF%E3%81%AA%E3%81%BF%E3%81%98%E3%82%85%E3%81%86%E3%81%98%E5%BA%A7" title="みなみじゅうじ座 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="みなみじゅうじ座" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B8rkorset_(stjernebilde)" title="Sørkorset (stjernebilde) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sørkorset (stjernebilde)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B8rkrossen" title="Sørkrossen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sørkrossen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crotz_del_Sud" title="Crotz del Sud – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Crotz del Sud" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janubiy_but" title="Janubiy but – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Janubiy but" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8_(%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE-%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B9)" title="ਕ੍ਰਕਸ (ਤਾਰਾ-ਸਮੂਹ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕ੍ਰਕਸ (ਤਾਰਾ-ਸਮੂਹ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwiazdozbi%C3%B3r_Krzy%C5%BCa_Po%C5%82udnia" title="Gwiazdozbiór Krzyża Południa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gwiazdozbiór Krzyża Południa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crux" title="Crux – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Crux" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crucea_Sudului_(constela%C8%9Bie)" title="Crucea Sudului (constelație) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Crucea Sudului (constelație)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uchuy_Chakana" title="Uchuy Chakana – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Uchuy Chakana" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Южный Крест – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Южный Крест" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D2%95%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D1%83_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8D%D1%81_(%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B1%D3%A9%D0%BB%D3%A9%D1%85%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80%D3%A9)" title="Соҕуруу Кириэс (сулустар бөлөхтөрө) – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Соҕуруу Кириэс (сулустар бөлөхтөрө)" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crux" title="Crux – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Crux" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ju%C5%BEn%C3%BD_kr%C3%AD%C5%BE" title="Južný kríž – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Južný kríž" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82" title="Јужни крст – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јужни крст" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ju%C5%BEni_kri%C5%BE_(zvije%C5%BE%C4%91e)" title="Južni križ (zviježđe) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Južni križ (zviježđe)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etel%C3%A4n_risti" title="Etelän risti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Etelän risti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B6dra_korset" title="Södra korset – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Södra korset" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%88_(%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D)" title="தென்சிலுவை (விண்மீன் குழாம்) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தென்சிலுவை (விண்மீன் குழாம்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89" title="กลุ่มดาวกางเขนใต้ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กลุ่มดาวกางเขนใต้" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toloa_(pupunga)" title="Toloa (pupunga) – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Toloa (pupunga)" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crux_(tak%C4%B1my%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z)" title="Crux (takımyıldız) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Crux (takımyıldız)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Південний Хрест – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Південний Хрест" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A8_%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="صلیب جنوبی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="صلیب جنوبی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nam_Th%E1%BA%ADp_T%E1%BB%B1" title="Nam Thập Tự – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nam Thập Tự" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crux" title="Crux – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Crux" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%BA%A7" title="南十字座 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="南十字座" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%BA%A7" title="南十字座 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="南十字座" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crux" title="Crux – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Crux" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" 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class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-01-sky-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1101677807">.mw-parser-output .sky-coordinates-display{line-height:1.5em;text-align:right;text-indent:0;text-transform:none;white-space:nowrap}body.skin-vector-legacy .mw-parser-output .sky-coordinates-display{font-size:85%}</style><span class="sky-coordinates-display plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a href="/wiki/Celestial_coordinate_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Celestial coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Sky map"><img alt="Sky map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Jupiter_and_moon.png/20px-Jupiter_and_moon.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Jupiter_and_moon.png/30px-Jupiter_and_moon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Jupiter_and_moon.png/40px-Jupiter_and_moon.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wikisky.org/?ra=12.5&de=-60&zoom=2&show_grid=1&show_constellation_lines=1&show_constellation_boundaries=1&show_const_names=1&show_galaxies=1&img_source=IMG_all">12<sup>h</sup> 30<sup>m</sup> 00<sup>s</sup>, −60° 00′ 00″</a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Constellation in the southern celestial hemisphere</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span>For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Crux_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Crux (disambiguation)">Crux (disambiguation)</a>.</span> <span>"Southern Cross" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Southern_Cross_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Southern Cross (disambiguation)">Southern Cross (disambiguation)</a>.</span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox plainlist"><caption class="infobox-title">Crux</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size: 110%;">Constellation</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Crux_IAU.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Crux"><img alt="Crux" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Crux_IAU.svg/290px-Crux_IAU.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Crux_IAU.svg/435px-Crux_IAU.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Crux_IAU.svg/580px-Crux_IAU.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="609" data-file-height="577" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/List_of_stars_in_Crux" title="List of stars in Crux">List of stars in Crux</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data">Cru</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Genitive_case" title="Genitive case">Genitive</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Crucis</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span></span>, genitive <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Symbolism</th><td class="infobox-data">Southern Cross</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Right_ascension" title="Right ascension">Right ascension</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">12.5<sup>h</sup> </span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Declination" title="Declination">Declination</a></th><td class="infobox-data">−60°</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Quadrant</th><td class="infobox-data">SQ3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/88_modern_constellations_by_area" class="mw-redirect" title="88 modern constellations by area">Area</a></th><td class="infobox-data">68 sq. deg. (<a href="/wiki/88_modern_constellations_by_area" class="mw-redirect" title="88 modern constellations by area">88th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Asterism_(astronomy)" title="Asterism (astronomy)">Main stars</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Bayer_designation" title="Bayer designation">Bayer</a>/<a href="/wiki/Flamsteed_designation" title="Flamsteed designation">Flamsteed</a><br />stars</th><td class="infobox-data">19</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stars with <a href="/wiki/Exoplanet" title="Exoplanet">planets</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stars brighter than 3.00<sup>m</sup></th><td class="infobox-data">5</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stars within 10.00 pc (32.62 ly)</th><td class="infobox-data">0</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Brightest star</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Crucis" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha Crucis">Acrux</a> (α Cru) (0.87<sup><a href="/wiki/Apparent_magnitude" title="Apparent magnitude">m</a></sup>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Messier_object" title="Messier object">Messier objects</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Meteor_shower" title="Meteor shower">Meteor showers</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crucids&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crucids (page does not exist)">Crucids</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Bordering<br />constellations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Centaurus" title="Centaurus">Centaurus</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Musca" title="Musca">Musca</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="font-size: smaller;"><b>Visible at latitudes between +<a href="/wiki/20th_parallel_north" title="20th parallel north">20</a>° and −<a href="/wiki/South_Pole" title="South Pole">90</a>°.</b><br /><b>Best visible at 21:00 (9 p.m.) during the month of <span style="font-size:120%">May</span>.</b></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Crux</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Constellation" title="Constellation">constellation</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_sky" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern sky">southern sky</a> that is centred on four bright stars in a <a href="/wiki/Christian_cross" title="Christian cross">cross</a>-shaped <a href="/wiki/Asterism_(astronomy)" title="Asterism (astronomy)">asterism</a> commonly known as the <b>Southern Cross</b>. It lies on the southern end of the <a href="/wiki/Milky_Way" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a>'s visible band. The name <i>Crux</i> is Latin for cross. Even though it is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_constellations_by_area" class="mw-redirect" title="List of constellations by area">smallest</a> of all <a href="/wiki/88_modern_constellations" class="mw-redirect" title="88 modern constellations">88 modern constellations</a>, Crux is among the most easily distinguished as its four main stars each have an <a href="/wiki/Apparent_visual_magnitude" class="mw-redirect" title="Apparent visual magnitude">apparent visual magnitude</a> brighter than +2.8. It has attained a high level of cultural significance in many Southern Hemisphere states and nations. </p><p>Blue-white <a href="/wiki/%CE%91_Crucis" class="mw-redirect" title="Α Crucis">α Crucis</a> (Acrux) is the most southerly member of the constellation and, at magnitude 0.8, the brightest. The three other stars of the cross appear clockwise and in order of lessening magnitude: <a href="/wiki/%CE%92_Crucis" class="mw-redirect" title="Β Crucis">β Crucis</a> (Mimosa), <a href="/wiki/%CE%93_Crucis" class="mw-redirect" title="Γ Crucis">γ Crucis</a> (Gacrux), and <a href="/wiki/%CE%94_Crucis" class="mw-redirect" title="Δ Crucis">δ Crucis</a> (Imai). <a href="/wiki/%CE%95_Crucis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ε Crucis">ε Crucis</a> (Ginan) also lies within the cross asterism. Many of these brighter stars are members of the <a href="/wiki/Scorpius%E2%80%93Centaurus_association" title="Scorpius–Centaurus association">Scorpius–Centaurus association</a>, a large but loose group of hot blue-white stars that appear to share common origins and motion across the southern Milky Way. </p><p>Crux contains four <a href="/wiki/Classical_Cepheid_variable" title="Classical Cepheid variable">Cepheid variables</a>, each visible to the naked eye under optimum conditions. Crux also contains the bright and colourful <a href="/wiki/Open_cluster" title="Open cluster">open cluster</a> known as the <a href="/wiki/Jewel_Box_(star_cluster)" title="Jewel Box (star cluster)">Jewel Box</a> (NGC 4755) on its eastern border. Nearby to the southeast is a large <a href="/wiki/Dark_nebula" title="Dark nebula">dark nebula</a> spanning 7° by 5° known as the <a href="/wiki/Coalsack_Nebula" title="Coalsack Nebula">Coalsack Nebula</a>, portions of which are mapped in the neighbouring constellations of <a href="/wiki/Centaurus" title="Centaurus">Centaurus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Musca" title="Musca">Musca</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crux&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The bright stars in Crux were known to the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greeks">Ancient Greeks</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a> regarded them as part of the constellation <a href="/wiki/Centaurus" title="Centaurus">Centaurus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaal1988247_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaal1988247-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were entirely visible as far north as <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Britain</a> in the fourth millennium BC. However, the <a href="/wiki/Precession_of_the_equinoxes" class="mw-redirect" title="Precession of the equinoxes">precession of the equinoxes</a> gradually lowered the stars below the European horizon, and they were eventually forgotten by the inhabitants of northern latitudes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERidpathTirion2017134–135_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERidpathTirion2017134–135-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 400 <a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">AD</a>, the stars in the constellation now called Crux never rose above the horizon throughout most of Europe. <a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante</a> may have known about the constellation in the 14th century, as he describes an <a href="/wiki/Asterism_(astronomy)" title="Asterism (astronomy)">asterism</a> of four bright stars in the southern sky in his <i><a href="/wiki/Divine_Comedy" title="Divine Comedy">Divine Comedy</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Walker1882_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walker1882-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His description, however, may be allegorical, and the similarity to the constellation a coincidence.<sup id="cite_ref-Dante_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dante-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Southern_Celestial_Map_of_Mestre_Jo%C3%A3o_Faras.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Southern_Celestial_Map_of_Mestre_Jo%C3%A3o_Faras.gif/220px-Southern_Celestial_Map_of_Mestre_Jo%C3%A3o_Faras.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Southern_Celestial_Map_of_Mestre_Jo%C3%A3o_Faras.gif/330px-Southern_Celestial_Map_of_Mestre_Jo%C3%A3o_Faras.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Southern_Celestial_Map_of_Mestre_Jo%C3%A3o_Faras.gif/440px-Southern_Celestial_Map_of_Mestre_Jo%C3%A3o_Faras.gif 2x" data-file-width="627" data-file-height="437" /></a><figcaption>Depiction of the Crux by <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Faras" title="João Faras">João Faras</a> in May 1500</figcaption></figure> <p>The 15th century Venetian navigator <a href="/wiki/Alvise_Cadamosto" title="Alvise Cadamosto">Alvise Cadamosto</a> made note of what was probably the Southern Cross on exiting the <a href="/wiki/Gambia_River" title="Gambia River">Gambia River</a> in 1455, calling it the <i>carro dell'ostro</i> ("southern chariot"). However, Cadamosto's accompanying diagram was inaccurate.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historians generally credit <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Faras" title="João Faras">João Faras</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for being the first European to depict it correctly. Faras sketched and described the constellation (calling it "<i>las guardas</i>") in a letter written on the beaches of Brazil on 1 May 1500 to the Portuguese monarch.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Explorer <a href="/wiki/Amerigo_Vespucci" title="Amerigo Vespucci">Amerigo Vespucci</a> seems to have observed not only the Southern Cross but also the neighboring Coalsack Nebula on his second voyage in 1501–1502.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another early modern description clearly describing Crux as a separate constellation is attributed to <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Corsali" title="Andrea Corsali">Andrea Corsali</a>, an Italian navigator who from 1515 to 1517 sailed to China and the <a href="/wiki/East_Indies" title="East Indies">East Indies</a> in an expedition sponsored by <a href="/wiki/Manuel_I_of_Portugal" title="Manuel I of Portugal">King Manuel I</a>. In 1516, Corsali wrote a letter to the monarch describing his observations of the southern sky, which included a rather crude map of the stars around the south celestial pole including the Southern Cross and the two Magellanic Clouds seen in an external orientation, as on a globe.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Emery_Molyneux" title="Emery Molyneux">Emery Molyneux</a> and <a href="/wiki/Petrus_Plancius" title="Petrus Plancius">Petrus Plancius</a> have also been cited as the first <a href="/wiki/Celestial_cartography" title="Celestial cartography">uranographers</a> (sky mappers) to distinguish Crux as a separate constellation; their representations date from 1592, the former depicting it on his <a href="/wiki/Celestial_globe" title="Celestial globe">celestial globe</a> and the latter in one of the small celestial maps on his large wall map. Both authors, however, depended on unreliable sources and placed Crux in the wrong position. Crux was first shown in its correct position on the celestial globes of <a href="/wiki/Petrus_Plancius" title="Petrus Plancius">Petrus Plancius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jodocus_Hondius" title="Jodocus Hondius">Jodocus Hondius</a> in 1598 and 1600. Its stars were first catalogued separately from Centaurus by <a href="/wiki/Frederick_de_Houtman" title="Frederick de Houtman">Frederick de Houtman</a> in 1603.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The constellation was later adopted by <a href="/wiki/Jakob_Bartsch" title="Jakob Bartsch">Jakob Bartsch</a> in 1624 and <a href="/wiki/Augustin_Royer" title="Augustin Royer">Augustin Royer</a> in 1679. Royer is sometimes wrongly cited as initially distinguishing Crux.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaal1988247_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaal1988247-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crux&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Southern_Cross_-New_Zealand-.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Southern_Cross_-New_Zealand-.jpg/260px-Southern_Cross_-New_Zealand-.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Southern_Cross_-New_Zealand-.jpg/390px-Southern_Cross_-New_Zealand-.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Southern_Cross_-New_Zealand-.jpg/520px-Southern_Cross_-New_Zealand-.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2142" data-file-height="1418" /></a><figcaption>Southern Cross from New Zealand</figcaption></figure> <p>Crux is bordered by the constellations <a href="/wiki/Centaurus" title="Centaurus">Centaurus</a> (which surrounds it on three sides) on the east, north and west, and <a href="/wiki/Musca" title="Musca">Musca</a> to the south. Covering 68 square degrees and 0.165% of the night sky, it is the smallest of the 88 constellations.<sup id="cite_ref-bagnall_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bagnall-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The three-letter abbreviation for the constellation, as adopted by the <a href="/wiki/International_Astronomical_Union" title="International Astronomical Union">International Astronomical Union</a> in 1922, is "Cru".<sup id="cite_ref-pa30_469_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pa30_469-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The official constellation boundaries, as set by Belgian astronomer <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Joseph_Delporte" title="Eugène Joseph Delporte">Eugène Delporte</a> in 1930, are defined by a polygon of four segments. In the <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_coordinate_system" title="Equatorial coordinate system">equatorial coordinate system</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Right_ascension" title="Right ascension">right ascension</a> coordinates of these borders lie between <span class="nowrap">11<sup>h</sup> 56.13<sup>m</sup> </span> and <span class="nowrap">12<sup>h</sup> 57.45<sup>m</sup> </span>, while the <a href="/wiki/Declination" title="Declination">declination</a> coordinates are between −55.68° and −64.70°.<sup id="cite_ref-boundary_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boundary-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its totality figures at least part of the year south of the <a href="/wiki/25th_parallel_north" title="25th parallel north">25th parallel north</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tirionconst_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tirionconst-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In tropical regions Crux can be seen in the sky from April to June. Crux is exactly opposite to <a href="/wiki/Cassiopeia_(constellation)" title="Cassiopeia (constellation)">Cassiopeia</a> on the celestial sphere, and therefore it cannot appear in the sky with the latter at the same time. In this era, south of <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adelaide" title="Adelaide">Adelaide</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a> (the <a href="/wiki/34th_parallel_south" title="34th parallel south">34th parallel south</a>), Crux is circumpolar and thus always appears in the sky. </p><p>Crux is sometimes confused with the nearby <a href="/wiki/False_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="False Cross">False Cross</a> asterism by stargazers. The False Cross consists of stars in Carina and Vela, is larger and dimmer, does not have a fifth star, and lacks the two prominent nearby "Pointer Stars". Between the two is the even larger and dimmer <a href="/wiki/Diamond_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Diamond Cross">Diamond Cross</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Visibility">Visibility</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crux&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Visibility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Deep_Crux_wide_field_with_fog.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Deep_Crux_wide_field_with_fog.jpg/260px-Deep_Crux_wide_field_with_fog.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Deep_Crux_wide_field_with_fog.jpg/390px-Deep_Crux_wide_field_with_fog.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Deep_Crux_wide_field_with_fog.jpg/520px-Deep_Crux_wide_field_with_fog.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Deep exposure of Crux, <a href="/wiki/Coalsack_Nebula" title="Coalsack Nebula">Coalsack Nebula</a>, and <a href="/wiki/IC_2944" title="IC 2944">IC 2944</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Crux is easily visible from the <a href="/wiki/Southern_hemisphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern hemisphere">southern hemisphere</a>, south of 35th parallel at practically any time of year as circumpolar. It is also visible near the horizon from <a href="/wiki/Tropics" title="Tropics">tropical latitudes</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_hemisphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern hemisphere">northern hemisphere</a> for a few hours every night during the northern winter and spring. For instance, it is visible from <a href="/wiki/Cancun" class="mw-redirect" title="Cancun">Cancun</a> or any other place at latitude 25° N or less at around 10 pm at the end of April.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tirionconst_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tirionconst-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are 5 main stars. Due to <a href="/wiki/Precession" title="Precession">precession</a>, Crux will move closer to the South Pole in the next millennia, up to 67 degrees south declination for the middle of the constellation. However, by the year 14,000, Crux will be visible for most parts of Europe and the continental United States. Its visibility will extend to North Europe by the year 18,000 when it will be less than 30 degrees south declination. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Use_in_navigation">Use in navigation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crux&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Use in navigation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pole01-eng.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Pole01-eng.svg/260px-Pole01-eng.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Pole01-eng.svg/390px-Pole01-eng.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Pole01-eng.svg/520px-Pole01-eng.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="702" data-file-height="570" /></a><figcaption>Locating the south celestial pole</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Hemisphere" title="Southern Hemisphere">Southern Hemisphere</a>, the Southern Cross is frequently used for <a href="/wiki/Celestial_Navigation" class="mw-redirect" title="Celestial Navigation">navigation</a> in much the same way that <a href="/wiki/Polaris" title="Polaris">Polaris</a> is used in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Hemisphere" title="Northern Hemisphere">Northern Hemisphere</a>. Projecting a line from <a href="/wiki/Gacrux" title="Gacrux">γ</a> to <a href="/wiki/Acrux" title="Acrux">α Crucis</a> (the foot of the crucifix) approximately <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">4<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> times beyond gives a point close to the Southern Celestial Pole<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERidpathTirion2017134–135_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERidpathTirion2017134–135-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is also, coincidentally, where intersects a perpendicular line taken southwards from the east–west axis of <a href="/wiki/Alpha_Centauri" title="Alpha Centauri">Alpha Centauri</a> to <a href="/wiki/Beta_Centauri" title="Beta Centauri">Beta Centauri</a>, which are stars at an alike declination to Crux and of a similar width as the cross, but higher magnitude.<sup id="cite_ref-Grainger_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grainger-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentine</a> <a href="/wiki/Gaucho" title="Gaucho">gauchos</a> are documented as using Crux for night orientation in the <a href="/wiki/Pampa" class="mw-redirect" title="Pampa">Pampas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Patagonia" title="Patagonia">Patagonia</a>. </p><p>Alpha and Beta Centauri are of similar declinations (thus distance from the pole) and are often referred as the "Southern Pointers" or just "The Pointers", allowing people to easily identify the Southern Cross, the constellation of Crux. Very few bright stars lie between Crux and the pole itself, although the constellation <a href="/wiki/Musca" title="Musca">Musca</a> is fairly easily recognised immediately south of Crux.<sup id="cite_ref-Grainger_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grainger-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bright_stars">Bright stars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crux&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bright stars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Down to apparent magnitude +2.5 are 92 stars <a href="/wiki/List_of_brightest_stars" title="List of brightest stars">that shine the brightest as viewed from the Earth</a>. Three of these stars are in Crux making it the most densely populated as to those stars (this being 3.26% of these 92 stars, and in turn being 19.2 times more than the expected 0.17% that would result on a homogenous distribution of all bright stars and a randomised drawing of all 88 constellations, given its area, 0.17% of the sky). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crux&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stars">Stars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crux&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Stars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_stars_in_Crux" title="List of stars in Crux">List of stars in Crux</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Constellation_Crux.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Constellation_Crux.jpg/220px-Constellation_Crux.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Constellation_Crux.jpg/330px-Constellation_Crux.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Constellation_Crux.jpg/440px-Constellation_Crux.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="429" /></a><figcaption>The constellation Crux as it can be seen by the naked eye</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Southern_Cross_with_clouds.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Southern_Cross_with_clouds.jpg/220px-Southern_Cross_with_clouds.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Southern_Cross_with_clouds.jpg/330px-Southern_Cross_with_clouds.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Southern_Cross_with_clouds.jpg/440px-Southern_Cross_with_clouds.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1296" data-file-height="1334" /></a><figcaption>Crux with clouds, from Cape Town</figcaption></figure> <p>Within the constellation's borders, there are 49 stars brighter than or equal to <a href="/wiki/Apparent_magnitude" title="Apparent magnitude">apparent magnitude</a> 6.5.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tirionconst_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tirionconst-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The four main stars that form the asterism are Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta Crucis. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CE%91_Crucis" class="mw-redirect" title="Α Crucis">α Crucis</a> or Acrux is a triple star 321 light-years from Earth. A rich blue in colour, with a visual <a href="/wiki/Apparent_magnitude" title="Apparent magnitude">magnitude</a> 0.8 to the unaided eye, it has two close components of a similar magnitude, 1.3 and 1.8 respectively, plus another much wider component of the 5th magnitude. The two close components are resolved in a small amateur telescope and the wide component is readily visible in a pair of binoculars.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%92_Crucis" class="mw-redirect" title="Β Crucis">β Crucis</a> or Mimosa is a blue-hued giant star of magnitude 1.3, and lies 353 light-years from Earth. It is a <a href="/wiki/Beta_Cephei" title="Beta Cephei">Beta Cephei</a>-type <a href="/wiki/Variable_star" title="Variable star">variable star</a> with a variation of less than 0.1 magnitudes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERidpathTirion2017134–135_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERidpathTirion2017134–135-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%93_Crucis" class="mw-redirect" title="Γ Crucis">γ Crucis</a> or Gacrux is an optical <a href="/wiki/Double_star" title="Double star">double star</a>. The primary is a red-hued giant star of magnitude 1.6, 88 light-years from Earth, and is one of the closest <a href="/wiki/Red_giant" title="Red giant">red giants</a> to Earth. Its secondary component is magnitude 6.5, 264 light-years from Earth.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%94_Crucis" class="mw-redirect" title="Δ Crucis">δ Crucis</a> (Imai) is a magnitude 2.8 blue-white hued star about 345 light-years from Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERidpathTirion2017134–135_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERidpathTirion2017134–135-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like Mimosa it is a Beta Cepheid variable.<sup id="cite_ref-bagnall_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bagnall-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>There is also a fifth star, that is often included with the Southern Cross. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CE%95_Crucis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ε Crucis">ε Crucis</a> (Ginan) is an orange-hued giant star of magnitude 3.6, 228 light-years from Earth.</li></ul> <p>There are several other naked-eye stars within the borders of Crux, especially: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iota_Crucis" title="Iota Crucis">Iota Crucis</a> is a visual <a href="/wiki/Double_star" title="Double star">double star</a> 125 light-years from Earth. The primary is an orange-hued giant of magnitude 4.6 and the secondary at magnitude 9.5.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu_Crucis" title="Mu Crucis">Mu Crucis</a> or Mu<sup>1,2</sup> Crucis is a wide double star where the components are about 370 light-years from Earth. Equally blue-white in colour, the components are magnitude 4.0 and 5.1 respectively, and are easily divisible in small amateur telescopes or large binoculars.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERidpathTirion2017134–135_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERidpathTirion2017134–135-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scorpius–Centaurus_association"><span id="Scorpius.E2.80.93Centaurus_association"></span>Scorpius–Centaurus association</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crux&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Scorpius–Centaurus association"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unusually, a total of 15 of the 23 brightest stars in Crux are spectrally blue-white B-type stars.<sup id="cite_ref-bagnall_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bagnall-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the five main bright stars, Delta, and probably Alpha and Beta, are likely co-moving B-type members of the <a href="/wiki/Scorpius%E2%80%93Centaurus_association" title="Scorpius–Centaurus association">Scorpius–Centaurus association</a>, the nearest <a href="/wiki/Stellar_association" title="Stellar association">OB association</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Preibisch_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Preibisch-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mnras416_3108_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mnras416_3108-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are among the highest-mass stellar members of the Lower Centaurus–Crux subgroup of the association, with ages of roughly 10 to 20 million years.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other members include the blue-white stars <a href="/wiki/Zeta_Crucis" title="Zeta Crucis">Zeta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lambda_Crucis" title="Lambda Crucis">Lambda</a> and both the components of the visual <a href="/wiki/Double_star" title="Double star">double star</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mu_Crucis" title="Mu Crucis">Mu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dezeeuw99_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dezeeuw99-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Variable_stars">Variable stars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crux&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Variable stars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Crux contains many <a href="/wiki/Variable_star" title="Variable star">variable stars</a>. It boasts four <a href="/wiki/Cepheid_variable" title="Cepheid variable">Cepheid variables</a> that may all reach naked eye visibility. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BG_Crucis" title="BG Crucis">BG Crucis</a> ranges from magnitude 5.34 to 5.58 over 3.3428 days,<sup id="cite_ref-AAVSOBG_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAVSOBG-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T_Crucis" title="T Crucis">T Crucis</a> ranges from 6.32 to 6.83 over 6.73331 days,<sup id="cite_ref-AAVSOT_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAVSOT-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S_Crucis" title="S Crucis">S Crucis</a> ranges from 6.22 to 6.92 over 4.68997 days,<sup id="cite_ref-AAVSOS_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAVSOS-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R_Crucis" title="R Crucis">R Crucis</a> ranges from 6.4 to 7.23 over 5.82575 days.<sup id="cite_ref-AAVSOR_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAVSOR-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Other well studied variable stars includes: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lambda_Crucis" title="Lambda Crucis">Lambda Crucis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Theta2_Crucis" title="Theta2 Crucis">Theta<sup>2</sup> Crucis</a>, that are both Beta Cepheid type variable stars.<sup id="cite_ref-bagnall_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bagnall-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BH_Crucis" title="BH Crucis">BH Crucis</a>, also known as Welch's Red Variable, is a <a href="/wiki/Mira_variable" title="Mira variable">Mira variable</a> that ranges from magnitude 6.6 to 9.8 over 530 days.<sup id="cite_ref-AAVSOBH_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAVSOBH-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Discovered in October 1969, it has become redder and brighter (mean magnitude changing from 8.047 to 7.762) and its period lengthened by 25% in the first thirty years since its discovery.<sup id="cite_ref-walker09_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walker09-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Host_star_exoplanets_in_Crux">Host star exoplanets in Crux</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crux&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Host star exoplanets in Crux"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The star <a href="/wiki/HD_106906" title="HD 106906">HD 106906</a> has been found to have a planet—<a href="/wiki/HD_106906_b" title="HD 106906 b">HD 106906 b</a>—that has one of the widest orbits of any currently known planetary-mass companions.<sup id="cite_ref-Bailey2014_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bailey2014-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Objects_beyond_the_Local_Arm">Objects beyond the Local Arm</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crux&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Objects beyond the Local Arm"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Crux is backlit by the multitude of stars of the Scutum-Crux Arm (more commonly called the <a href="/wiki/Scutum-Centaurus_Arm" class="mw-redirect" title="Scutum-Centaurus Arm">Scutum-Centaurus Arm</a>) of the Milky Way. This is the main inner arm in the local radial quarter of the galaxy. Part-obscuring this is: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Coalsack_Nebula" title="Coalsack Nebula">Coalsack Nebula</a> lies partially within Crux and partly in the neighboring constellations of <a href="/wiki/Musca" title="Musca">Musca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Centaurus" title="Centaurus">Centaurus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERidpathTirion2017134–135_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERidpathTirion2017134–135-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the most prominent <a href="/wiki/Dark_nebula" title="Dark nebula">dark nebula</a> in the skies, and is easily visible to the naked eye as a prominent dark patch in the southern Milky Way. It can be found 6.5° southeast from the centre of Crux or 3° east from α Crucis. Its large area covers about 7° by 5°, and is 180 <a href="/wiki/Parsec" title="Parsec">parsecs</a> (590 <a href="/wiki/Light-year" title="Light-year">ly</a>) away from <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Franco2000_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Franco2000-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>A key feature of the Scutum-Crux Arm is: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Jewel_Box_(star_cluster)" title="Jewel Box (star cluster)">Jewel Box</a>, κ Crucis Cluster or NGC 4755, is a small but bright <a href="/wiki/Open_cluster" title="Open cluster">open cluster</a> that appears as a fuzzy star to the naked eye and is very close to the easternmost boundary of Crux: about 1° southeast of Beta Crucis. The combined or total magnitude is 4.2 and it lies at a distance of 1.95 <a href="/wiki/Parsec#Parsecs_and_kiloparsecs" title="Parsec">kiloparsecs</a> (6,400 <a href="/wiki/Light-year" title="Light-year">ly</a>) from Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERidpathTirion2017134–135_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERidpathTirion2017134–135-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cluster was given its name by <a href="/wiki/John_Herschel" title="John Herschel">John Herschel</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERidpathTirion2017134–135_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERidpathTirion2017134–135-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> based on the range of colours visible throughout the star cluster in his telescope. About seven million years old,<sup id="cite_ref-webda_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webda-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is one of the youngest open clusters in the Milky Way, and it appears to have the shape of a letter 'A'. The Jewel Box Cluster is classified as Shapley class 'g' and Trumpler class 'I 3 r -' cluster; it is a very rich, centrally-concentrated cluster detached from the surrounding star field. It has more than 100 stars that range significantly in brightness.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevy200587_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevy200587-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The brightest cluster stars are mostly <a href="/wiki/Blue_supergiant" title="Blue supergiant">blue supergiants</a>, though the cluster contains at least one <a href="/wiki/Red_supergiant" title="Red supergiant">red supergiant</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kappa_Crucis_(star)" title="Kappa Crucis (star)">Kappa Crucis</a> is a true member of the cluster that bears its name, and is one of the brighter stars at magnitude 5.9.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERidpathTirion2017134–135_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERidpathTirion2017134–135-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_significance">Cultural significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crux&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Cultural significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Following_the_Equator_(Mark_Twain)_(page_88_crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Following_the_Equator_%28Mark_Twain%29_%28page_88_crop%29.jpg/220px-Following_the_Equator_%28Mark_Twain%29_%28page_88_crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Following_the_Equator_%28Mark_Twain%29_%28page_88_crop%29.jpg/330px-Following_the_Equator_%28Mark_Twain%29_%28page_88_crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Following_the_Equator_%28Mark_Twain%29_%28page_88_crop%29.jpg/440px-Following_the_Equator_%28Mark_Twain%29_%28page_88_crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="805" data-file-height="1052" /></a><figcaption>A depiction of The Southern Cross in Mark Twain's 1897 travelogue, "Following the Equator"</figcaption></figure> <p>The most prominent feature of Crux is the distinctive asterism known as the Southern Cross. It has great significance in the cultures of the southern hemisphere, particularly of Australia, Brazil, Chile and New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flags_and_symbols">Flags and symbols</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crux&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Flags and symbols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Crux" title="Special:EditPage/Crux">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Flags_depicting_the_Southern_Cross" title="Flags depicting the Southern Cross">Flags depicting the Southern Cross</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Southern_cross_appearing_on_a_number_of_flags.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Southern_cross_appearing_on_a_number_of_flags.PNG/330px-Southern_cross_appearing_on_a_number_of_flags.PNG" decoding="async" width="330" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Southern_cross_appearing_on_a_number_of_flags.PNG/495px-Southern_cross_appearing_on_a_number_of_flags.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Southern_cross_appearing_on_a_number_of_flags.PNG/660px-Southern_cross_appearing_on_a_number_of_flags.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1110" data-file-height="692" /></a><figcaption>Crux, appearing on a number of flags and insignia</figcaption></figure> <p>Several southern countries and organisations have traditionally used Crux as a national or distinctive symbol. The four or five brightest stars of Crux appear, heraldically standardised in various ways, on the flags of <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Australia" title="Flag of Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Brazil" title="Flag of Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_New_Zealand" title="Flag of New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Flag of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Samoa" title="Flag of Samoa">Samoa</a>. They also appear on the flags of the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of Victoria (Australia)">Australian state of Victoria</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Australian_Capital_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of Australian Capital Territory">Australian Capital Territory</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Northern_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a>, as well as the flag of <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Magallanes" title="Flag of Magallanes">Magallanes Region of Chile</a>, the flag of <a href="/wiki/Londrina" title="Londrina">Londrina</a> (Brazil) and several <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentine</a> provincial flags and emblems (for example, <i><a href="/wiki/Tierra_del_Fuego_Province_(Argentina)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tierra del Fuego Province (Argentina)">Tierra del Fuego</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Province_(Argentina)" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Cruz Province (Argentina)">Santa Cruz</a></i>). The flag of the <a href="/wiki/Mercosur" title="Mercosur">Mercosur</a> trading zone displays the four brightest stars. Crux also appears on the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Brazil" title="Coat of arms of Brazil">Brazilian coat of arms</a> and, as of July 2015<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crux&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, on the cover of <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_passport" title="Brazilian passport">Brazilian passports</a>. </p><p>Five stars appear in the logo of the Brazilian football team <a href="/wiki/Cruzeiro_Esporte_Clube" title="Cruzeiro Esporte Clube">Cruzeiro Esporte Clube</a> and in the insignia of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Southern_Cross" title="Order of the Southern Cross">Order of the Southern Cross</a>, and the cross has featured as name of the Brazilian currency (the <i><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_cruzeiro_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilian cruzeiro (disambiguation)">cruzeiro</a></i> from 1942 to 1986 and again from 1990 to 1994). All coins of the current<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crux&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> (1998) series of the <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_real" title="Brazilian real">Brazilian real</a> display the constellation. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CruzeiroDoSul-Brasil_GraCruz_MusHistMili-Valencia_20191204.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/CruzeiroDoSul-Brasil_GraCruz_MusHistMili-Valencia_20191204.jpg/220px-CruzeiroDoSul-Brasil_GraCruz_MusHistMili-Valencia_20191204.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/CruzeiroDoSul-Brasil_GraCruz_MusHistMili-Valencia_20191204.jpg/330px-CruzeiroDoSul-Brasil_GraCruz_MusHistMili-Valencia_20191204.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/CruzeiroDoSul-Brasil_GraCruz_MusHistMili-Valencia_20191204.jpg/440px-CruzeiroDoSul-Brasil_GraCruz_MusHistMili-Valencia_20191204.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>Brazil's <a href="/wiki/National_Order_of_the_Southern_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="National Order of the Southern Cross">National Order of the Southern Cross</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Songs and literature reference the Southern Cross, including the Argentine epic poem <i><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_Fierro" title="Martín Fierro">Martín Fierro</a></i>. The Argentinian singer <a href="/wiki/Charly_Garc%C3%ADa" title="Charly García">Charly García</a> says that he is "from the Southern Cross" in the song "No voy en tren". </p><p>The Cross gets a mention in the lyrics of the <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_National_Anthem" title="Brazilian National Anthem">Brazilian National Anthem</a> (1909): "<i>A imagem do Cruzeiro resplandece</i>" ("the image of the Cross shines"). </p><p>The Southern Cross is mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Advance_Australia_Fair" title="Advance Australia Fair">Australian National Anthem</a>, "<i>Beneath our radiant Southern Cross we'll toil with hearts and hands</i>" </p><p>The Southern Cross features in the coat of arms of <a href="/wiki/William_Birdwood,_1st_Baron_Birdwood" class="mw-redirect" title="William Birdwood, 1st Baron Birdwood">William Birdwood, 1st Baron Birdwood</a>, the British officer who commanded the <a href="/wiki/Australian_and_New_Zealand_Army_Corps" title="Australian and New Zealand Army Corps">Australian and New Zealand Army Corps</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallipoli Campaign">Gallipoli Campaign</a> of the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>. </p><p>The Southern Cross is also mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/The_Banner_of_Freedom" title="The Banner of Freedom">Samoan National Anthem</a>. "<i>Vaai 'i na fetu o lo'u a agiagia ai: Le faailoga lea o Iesu, na maliu ai mo Samoa.</i>" ("Look at those stars that are waving on it: This is the symbol of Jesus, who died on it for Samoa.") </p><p>The 1952-53 NBC Television Series <i><a href="/wiki/Victory_At_Sea" class="mw-redirect" title="Victory At Sea">Victory At Sea</a></i> contained a musical number entitled "Beneath the Southern Cross". </p><p>"<a href="/wiki/Southern_Cross_(Crosby,_Stills_and_Nash_song)" title="Southern Cross (Crosby, Stills and Nash song)">Southern Cross</a>" is a single released by <a href="/wiki/Crosby,_Stills_and_Nash" class="mw-redirect" title="Crosby, Stills and Nash">Crosby, Stills and Nash</a> in 1981. It reached #18 on Billboard Hot 100 in late 1982. </p><p>"The Sign of the Southern Cross" is a song released by <a href="/wiki/Black_Sabbath" title="Black Sabbath">Black Sabbath</a> in 1981. The song was released on the album "<a href="/wiki/Mob_Rules_(album)" title="Mob Rules (album)">Mob Rules</a>". </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Southern_Cross" title="Order of the Southern Cross">Order of the Southern Cross</a> is a Brazilian <a href="/wiki/Order_of_chivalry" title="Order of chivalry">order of chivalry</a> awarded to "those who have rendered significant service to the Brazilian nation". </p><p>In "<a href="/wiki/O_Sweet_Saint_Martin%27s_Land" title="O Sweet Saint Martin's Land">O Sweet Saint Martin's Land</a>", the lyrics mention the Southern Cross: <i>Thy Southern Cross the night</i>. </p><p>A stylized version of Crux appears on the Australian <a href="/wiki/Eureka_Flag" title="Eureka Flag">Eureka Flag</a>. The constellation was also used on the dark blue, shield-like patch worn by personnel of the U.S. Army's <a href="/wiki/Americal_Division" title="Americal Division">Americal Division</a>, which was organized in the Southern Hemisphere, on the island of <a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a>, and also on the blue diamond of the <a href="/wiki/1st_Marine_Division_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Marine Division (United States)">U.S. 1st Marine Division</a>, which fought on the Southern Hemisphere islands of <a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal" title="Guadalcanal">Guadalcanal</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Britain" title="New Britain">New Britain</a>. </p><p>The <i>Petersflagge</i> flag of the <a href="/wiki/German_East_Africa_Company" title="German East Africa Company">German East Africa Company</a> of 1885–1920, which included a constellation of five white five-pointed Crux "stars" on a red ground, later served as the model for symbolism associated with generic German colonial-oriented organisations: the <a href="/wiki/Reichskolonialbund" title="Reichskolonialbund">Reichskolonialbund</a> of 1936–1943 and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Friends_of_the_former_German_Protectorates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friends of the former German Protectorates (page does not exist)">Friends of the former German Protectorates</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditionsverband_ehemaliger_Schutz-_und_%C3%9Cberseetruppen" class="extiw" title="de:Traditionsverband ehemaliger Schutz- und Überseetruppen">de</a>]</span> (1956/1983 to the present). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Southern_Cross_railway_station" title="Southern Cross railway station">Southern Cross station</a> is a major rail terminal in Melbourne, Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Personal_Ordinariate_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Southern_Cross" title="Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of the Southern Cross">Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of the Southern Cross</a> is a personal ordinariate of the Roman Catholic Church primarily within the territory of the Australian Catholic Bishops Conference for groups of Anglicans who desire full communion with the Catholic Church in Australia and Asia. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Knights_of_the_Southern_Cross" title="Knights of the Southern Cross">Knights of the Southern Cross</a> (KSC) is a Catholic fraternal order throughout Australia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Various_cultures">Various cultures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crux&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Various cultures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In India, there is a story related to the creation of <a href="/wiki/Trishanku" title="Trishanku">Trishanku Swarga</a> (त्रिशंकु), meaning <i><a href="/wiki/Chinese_constellations#The_Southern_Asterisms_(近南極星區)" title="Chinese constellations">Cross</a></i> (Crux), created by Sage <a href="/wiki/Vishvamitra" title="Vishvamitra">Vishwamitra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>, <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">十字架</span></span> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><i lang="zh-Latn">Shí Zì Jià</i></span>), meaning <i><a href="/wiki/Chinese_constellations#The_Southern_Asterisms_(近南極星區)" title="Chinese constellations">Cross</a></i>, refers to an asterism consisting of γ Crucis, <a href="/wiki/Alpha_Crucis" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha Crucis">α Crucis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beta_Crucis" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta Crucis">β Crucis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Delta_Crucis" title="Delta Crucis">δ Crucis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_astronomy" title="Australian Aboriginal astronomy">Australian Aboriginal astronomy</a>, Crux and the <a href="/wiki/Coalsack_Nebula" title="Coalsack Nebula">Coalsack</a> mark the head of the 'Emu in the Sky' (which is seen in the dark spaces rather than in the patterns of stars) in several <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_cultures" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal cultures">Aboriginal cultures</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Crux itself is said to be a <a href="/wiki/Phalangeriformes" title="Phalangeriformes">possum</a> sitting in a tree (<a href="/wiki/Wergaia" title="Wergaia">Boorong people</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Wimmera" class="mw-redirect" title="Wimmera">Wimmera</a> region of northwestern Victoria), a representation of the sky deity Mirrabooka (<a href="/wiki/Quandamooka_people" title="Quandamooka people">Quandamooka people</a> of <a href="/wiki/Stradbroke_Island" title="Stradbroke Island">Stradbroke Island</a>), a stingray (<a href="/wiki/Yolngu" title="Yolngu">Yolngu people</a> of <a href="/wiki/Arnhem_Land" title="Arnhem Land">Arnhem Land</a>), or an eagle (<a href="/wiki/Kaurna" title="Kaurna">Kaurna people</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Plains" title="Adelaide Plains">Adelaide Plains</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two Pacific constellations also included <a href="/wiki/Gamma_Centauri" title="Gamma Centauri">Gamma Centauri</a>. <a href="/wiki/Torres_Strait_Islanders" title="Torres Strait Islanders">Torres Strait Islanders</a> in modern-day Australia saw Gamma Centauri as the handle and the four stars as the left hand of Tagai, and the stars of Musca as the <a href="/wiki/Trident" title="Trident">trident</a> of the fishing spear he is holding. In <a href="/wiki/Aranda_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Aranda people">Aranda</a> traditions of central Australia, the four Cross stars are the talon of an <a href="/wiki/Eagle" title="Eagle">eagle</a> and Gamma Centauri as its leg.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaal1988249_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaal1988249-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Various peoples in the <a href="/wiki/East_Indies" title="East Indies">East Indies</a> and Brazil viewed the four main stars as the body of a <a href="/wiki/Ray_(fish)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ray (fish)">ray.</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaal1988249_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaal1988249-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In both Indonesia and Malaysia, it is known as <i>Bintang Pari</i> and <i>Buruj Pari</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-ASIM_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASIM-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> respectively ("ray stars"). This aquatic theme is also shared by an archaic name of the constellation in <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, where it was once known as <i>sao Cá Liệt</i> (the <a href="/wiki/Leiognathidae" title="Leiognathidae">ponyfish</a> star).<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among <a href="/wiki/Filipino_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipino people">Filipino people</a>, the southern cross have various names pertaining to <a href="/wiki/Spinning_top" title="Spinning top">tops</a>, including <i>kasing</i> (<a href="/wiki/Visayan_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Visayan languages">Visayan languages</a>), <i>paglong</i> (<a href="/wiki/Bikol_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bikol language">Bikol</a>), and <i>pasil</i> (<a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a>). It is also called <i>butiti</i> (<a href="/wiki/Puffer_fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Puffer fish">puffer fish</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Waray_language" title="Waray language">Waray</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mintz_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mintz-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Javanese_people" title="Javanese people">Javanese people</a> of Indonesia called this constellation <i>Gubug pèncèng</i> ("raking hut") or <i>lumbung</i> ("the granary"), because the shape of the constellation was like that of a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raking_hut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raking hut (page does not exist)">raking hut</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Southern Cross (<a href="/wiki/Alpha_Crucis" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha Crucis">α</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beta_Crucis" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta Crucis">β</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gamma_Crucis" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma Crucis">γ</a> and <a href="/wiki/Delta_Crucis" title="Delta Crucis">δ Crucis</a>) together with <a href="/wiki/Mu_Crucis" title="Mu Crucis">μ Crucis</a> is one of the asterisms used by <a href="/wiki/Bugis" title="Bugis">Bugis</a> sailors for navigation, called <i>bintoéng bola képpang</i>, meaning "incomplete house star"<sup id="cite_ref-kelley11_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kelley11-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a> name for the Southern Cross is <i>Māhutonga</i> and it is thought of as the anchor (<i>Te Punga</i>) of Tama-rereti's <i><a href="/wiki/Waka_(canoe)" title="Waka (canoe)">waka</a></i> (the <a href="/wiki/Milky_Way" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a>), while the Pointers are its rope.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a> it is known as <i>Toloa</i> ("duck"); it is depicted as a duck flying south, with one of his wings (<a href="/wiki/Delta_Crucis" title="Delta Crucis">δ Crucis</a>) wounded because <i>Ongo tangata</i> ("two men", <a href="/wiki/%CE%91_Centauri" class="mw-redirect" title="Α Centauri">α</a> and <a href="/wiki/%CE%92_Centauri" class="mw-redirect" title="Β Centauri">β Centauri</a>) threw a stone at it. The Coalsack is known as <i>Humu</i> (the "<a href="/wiki/Triggerfish" title="Triggerfish">triggerfish</a>"), because of its shape.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVelt1990_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVelt1990-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Samoa the constellation is called <i>Sumu</i> ("triggerfish") because of its rhomboid shape, while α and β Centauri are called <i>Luatagata</i> (Two Men), just as they are in Tonga. The peoples of the <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a> saw several figures in the Southern Cross. These included a knee protector and a net used to catch <a href="/wiki/Palolo_worm" class="mw-redirect" title="Palolo worm">Palolo worms</a>. Neighboring peoples in the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a> saw these stars as a fish.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaal1988249_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaal1988249-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Malay_Peninsula" title="Malay Peninsula">Peninsular</a> <a href="/wiki/Malays_(ethnic_group)" title="Malays (ethnic group)">Malays</a> also see the likeness of a fish in the Crux, particularly the <a href="/wiki/Scomberomorus" title="Scomberomorus">Scomberomorus</a> or its local name <i>Tohok</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ASIM_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASIM-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Mapudungun" class="mw-redirect" title="Mapudungun">Mapudungun</a>, the language of Patagonian <a href="/wiki/Mapuche" title="Mapuche">Mapuches</a>, the name of the Southern Cross is <i>Melipal</i>, which means "four stars". In <a href="/wiki/Quechua_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Quechua languages">Quechua</a>, the language of the <a href="/wiki/Inca" class="mw-redirect" title="Inca">Inca</a> civilization, Crux is known as "<a href="/wiki/Chakana" title="Chakana">Chakana</a>", which means literally "stair" (<i>chaka</i>, bridge, link; <i>hanan</i>, high, above), but carries a deep symbolism within Quechua mysticism.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alpha and Beta Crucis make up one foot of the Great Rhea, a constellation encompassing <a href="/wiki/Centaurus" title="Centaurus">Centaurus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Circinus" title="Circinus">Circinus</a> along with the two bright stars. The Great Rhea was a constellation of the <a href="/wiki/Bororo" title="Bororo">Bororo</a> of Brazil. The <a href="/wiki/Mocov%C3%AD_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mocoví people">Mocoví people</a> of Argentina also saw a <a href="/wiki/Rhea_(bird)" title="Rhea (bird)">rhea</a> including the stars of Crux. Their rhea is attacked by two dogs, represented by bright stars in Centaurus and Circinus. The dogs' heads are marked by <a href="/wiki/Alpha_Centauri" title="Alpha Centauri">Alpha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beta_Centauri" title="Beta Centauri">Beta Centauri</a>. The rhea's body is marked by the four main stars of Crux, while its head is <a href="/wiki/Gamma_Centauri" title="Gamma Centauri">Gamma Centauri</a> and its feet are the bright stars of <a href="/wiki/Musca" title="Musca">Musca</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaal1988251_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaal1988251-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Bakairi_people" title="Bakairi people">Bakairi people</a> of Brazil had a sprawling constellation representing a bird snare. It included the bright stars of Crux, the southern part of Centaurus, Circinus, at least one star in <a href="/wiki/Lupus_(constellation)" title="Lupus (constellation)">Lupus</a>, the bright stars of Musca, <a href="/wiki/Beta_Chamaeleontis" title="Beta Chamaeleontis">Beta</a> and the optical double star <a href="/wiki/Delta_Chamaeleontis" title="Delta Chamaeleontis">Delta<sup>1,2</sup> Chamaeleontis</a>: and some of the stars of <a href="/wiki/Volans" title="Volans">Volans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mensa_(constellation)" title="Mensa (constellation)">Mensa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaal1988250_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaal1988250-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Kalapalo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalapalo people">Kalapalo people</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mato_Grosso" title="Mato Grosso">Mato Grosso</a> state in Brazil saw the stars of Crux as <i>Aganagi</i> angry bees having emerged from the Coalsack, which they saw as the beehive.<sup id="cite_ref-basso87_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-basso87-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among <a href="/wiki/Tuareg_people" title="Tuareg people">Tuaregs</a>, the four most visible stars of Crux are considered <i>iggaren</i>, i.e. four <i><a href="/wiki/Maerua_crassifolia" title="Maerua crassifolia">Maerua crassifolia</a></i> trees.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Tswana_people" title="Tswana people">Tswana people</a> of <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a> saw the constellation as <i>Dithutlwa</i>, two giraffes – Alpha and Beta Crucis forming a male, and Gamma and Delta forming the female.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crux&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trishanku" title="Trishanku">Trishanku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cross_(asterism)" title="Northern Cross (asterism)">Northern Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crux_(Chinese_astronomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crux (Chinese astronomy)">Crux (Chinese astronomy)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crux&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Faras" title="João Faras">João Faras</a> was an astronomer and physician of King <a href="/wiki/Manuel_I_of_Portugal" title="Manuel I of Portugal">Manuel I of Portugal</a> who accompanied <a href="/wiki/Pedro_%C3%81lvares_Cabral" title="Pedro Álvares Cabral">Pedro Álvares Cabral</a> in the discovery of Brazil in 1500</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">While parts of the constellation technically rise above the horizon to observers between 25°N and 34°N, stars within a few degrees of the horizon are to all intents and purposes unobservable.<sup id="cite_ref-tirionconst_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tirionconst-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Objects of magnitude 6.5 are among the faintest visible to the unaided eye in suburban-rural transition night skies.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crux&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Citations</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPasachoffMenzelTirion1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jay_Pasachoff" title="Jay Pasachoff">Pasachoff, J. M.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Donald_Howard_Menzel" title="Donald Howard Menzel">Menzel, D. H.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Wil_Tirion" title="Wil Tirion">Tirion, W.</a> (1992). R. T. Petarson (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OuMLSZI1ZUIC&q=crux"><i>A Field Guide to the Stars and Planets</i></a>. The Peterson Field Guide Series. Vol. 15 (3 ed.). New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 144. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0395537649" title="Special:BookSources/0395537649"><bdi>0395537649</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Field+Guide+to+the+Stars+and+Planets&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=The+Peterson+Field+Guide+Series&rft.pages=144&rft.edition=3&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Company&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0395537649&rft.aulast=Pasachoff&rft.aufirst=J.+M.&rft.au=Menzel%2C+D.+H.&rft.au=Tirion%2C+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOuMLSZI1ZUIC%26q%3Dcrux&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrux" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaal1988247-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaal1988247_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaal1988247_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStaal1988">Staal 1988</a>, p. 247.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERidpathTirion2017134–135-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERidpathTirion2017134–135_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERidpathTirion2017134–135_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERidpathTirion2017134–135_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERidpathTirion2017134–135_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERidpathTirion2017134–135_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERidpathTirion2017134–135_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERidpathTirion2017134–135_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERidpathTirion2017134–135_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERidpathTirion2017134–135_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRidpathTirion2017">Ridpath & Tirion 2017</a>, pp. 134–135.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dante, <i>Purgatorio</i>, Canto I, lines 22-27, Hollander translation <dl><dd><dl><dd>"I turned to the right and, fixing my attention</dd> <dd>on the other pole, I saw four stars</dd> <dd>not seen but by those first on earth.</dd> <dd>The very sky seemed to rejoice</dd> <dd>in their bright glittering. O widowed</dd> <dd>region of the north, denied that sight!"</dd></dl></dd></dl> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Walker1882-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Walker1882_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker,_J._J.1881" class="citation journal cs1">Walker, J. J. (22 December 1881). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F025217b0">"Dante and the Southern Cross"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>25</b> (636): 173. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F025217b0">10.1038/025217b0</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4064727">4064727</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Dante+and+the+Southern+Cross&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=636&rft.pages=173&rft.date=1881-12-22&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F025217b0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4064727%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Walker%2C+J.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252F025217b0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrux" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dante-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dante_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDante_Alighieri2003" class="citation book cs1">Dante Alighieri (2003-05-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p_5l2FCfvF8C&q=%22almost+certain+that+Dante+did+not+know+about+that+formation%22&pg=PT315"><i>The Divine Comedy</i></a>. Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781101117996" title="Special:BookSources/9781101117996"><bdi>9781101117996</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Divine+Comedy&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2003-05-27&rft.isbn=9781101117996&rft.au=Dante+Alighieri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp_5l2FCfvF8C%26q%3D%2522almost%2Bcertain%2Bthat%2BDante%2Bdid%2Bnot%2Bknow%2Babout%2Bthat%2Bformation%2522%26pg%3DPT315&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrux" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCadamosto,_A.c._1465" class="citation book cs1">Cadamosto, A. (c. 1465). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iZ5TZHXOnYcC&pg=RA2-PA114"><i>Navigatione</i></a> (1550 Ramusio ed.). p. 116r. <q>We likewise observed ... due south by compass, a constellation of six large bright stars, in the figure of a cross in this form ... we conjectured this to be the southern chariot, but could not expect to observe the principal star, as we had not yet lost sight of the north pole.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Navigatione&rft.pages=116r&rft.edition=1550+Ramusio&rft.au=Cadamosto%2C+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiZ5TZHXOnYcC%26pg%3DRA2-PA114&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrux" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCadamosto,_A.c._1465" class="citation book cs1">Cadamosto, A. (c. 1465). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YVjm2VmuOlgC&pg=PA244"><i>Navigatione</i></a> (1811 Kerr ed.). p. 244.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Navigatione&rft.pages=244&rft.edition=1811+Kerr&rft.au=Cadamosto%2C+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYVjm2VmuOlgC%26pg%3DPA244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrux" class="Z3988"></span>. However, no manuscript of Cadamosto's notebook has survived, only the printed version, and the errors in the diagram may be due to the printer's decision.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDekker,_Elly1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Elly_Dekker" title="Elly Dekker">Dekker, Elly</a> (1990). <i>Annals of Science</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=M%C4%81ori+Dictionary%3B+Waka+o+Tama-rereti%2C+Te&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maoridictionary.co.nz%2Findex.cfm%3FwordID%3D10907&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrux" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVelt1990-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVelt1990_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVelt1990">Velt 1990</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120104121115/http://www.ancientworlds.net/aw/Article/941062">"Chakana: Inca Cross"</a>. 23 June 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ancientworlds.net/aw/Article/941062">the original</a> on 4 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chakana%3A+Inca+Cross&rft.date=2007-06-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ancientworlds.net%2Faw%2FArticle%2F941062&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrux" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaal1988251-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaal1988251_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStaal1988">Staal 1988</a>, p. 251.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStaal1988250-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStaal1988250_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStaal1988">Staal 1988</a>, p. 250.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-basso87-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-basso87_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBasso1987" class="citation book cs1">Basso, Ellen B. (1987). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/infavorofdeceits0000bass"><i>In Favor of Deceit: A Study of Tricksters in an Amazonian Society</i></a></span>. Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/infavorofdeceits0000bass/page/360">360</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0816510229" title="Special:BookSources/0816510229"><bdi>0816510229</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Favor+of+Deceit%3A+A+Study+of+Tricksters+in+an+Amazonian+Society&rft.place=Tucson%2C+Arizona&rft.pages=360&rft.pub=University+of+Arizona+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0816510229&rft.aulast=Basso&rft.aufirst=Ellen+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finfavorofdeceits0000bass&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrux" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iomcottages.com/ots8vb6u/aef346-southern-cross-stars">"southern cross stars"</a>. <i>iomcottages.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iomcottages.com&rft.atitle=southern+cross+stars&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fiomcottages.com%2Fots8vb6u%2Faef346-southern-cross-stars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrux" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210213073217/https://osipssausar.in/4jieznh/f17df4-southern-cross-stars">"southern cross stars"</a>. <i>osipssausar.in</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://osipssausar.in/4jieznh/f17df4-southern-cross-stars">the original</a> on 2021-02-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=osipssausar.in&rft.atitle=southern+cross+stars&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fosipssausar.in%2F4jieznh%2Ff17df4-southern-cross-stars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrux" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://makeyourhomestandout.com/zyili4/southern-cross-stars-db60d7">"southern cross stars"</a>. <i>makeyourhomestandout.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=makeyourhomestandout.com&rft.atitle=southern+cross+stars&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmakeyourhomestandout.com%2Fzyili4%2Fsouthern-cross-stars-db60d7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrux" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTselentis2017" class="citation web cs1">Tselentis, Chris (2017-03-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tothelandofdreams.blogspot.com/2017/03/crux.html">"To the Land of Dreams: Crux"</a>. <i>To the Land of Dreams</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=To+the+Land+of+Dreams&rft.atitle=To+the+Land+of+Dreams%3A+Crux&rft.date=2017-03-22&rft.aulast=Tselentis&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftothelandofdreams.blogspot.com%2F2017%2F03%2Fcrux.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrux" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClegg1986" class="citation journal cs1">Clegg, Andrew (1986). "Some Aspects of Tswana Cosmology". <i>Botswana Notes and Records</i>. <b>18</b>: 33–37. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40979758">40979758</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Botswana+Notes+and+Records&rft.atitle=Some+Aspects+of+Tswana+Cosmology&rft.volume=18&rft.pages=33-37&rft.date=1986&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40979758%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Clegg&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrux" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <dl><dt>Sources</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevy2005" class="citation cs2">Levy, David H. (2005), <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/deepskyobjects00davi"><i>Deep Sky Objects</i></a></span>, Prometheus Books, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59102-361-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-59102-361-0"><bdi>1-59102-361-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Deep+Sky+Objects&rft.pub=Prometheus+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-59102-361-0&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.aufirst=David+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdeepskyobjects00davi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrux" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPasachoff2006" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Jay_Pasachoff" title="Jay Pasachoff">Pasachoff, Jay M.</a> (2006), <i>A Field Guide to the Stars and Planets</i>, Houghton Mifflin</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Field+Guide+to+the+Stars+and+Planets&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Pasachoff&rft.aufirst=Jay+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrux" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRidpathTirion2017" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Ian_Ridpath" title="Ian Ridpath">Ridpath, Ian</a>; <a href="/wiki/Wil_Tirion" title="Wil Tirion">Tirion, Wil</a> (2017), <i>Stars and Planets Guide</i>, Princeton University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780691177885" title="Special:BookSources/9780691177885"><bdi>9780691177885</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stars+and+Planets+Guide&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9780691177885&rft.aulast=Ridpath&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft.au=Tirion%2C+Wil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrux" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaal1988" class="citation cs2">Staal, Julius D. W. (1988), <i>The New Patterns in the Sky: Myths and Legends of the Stars</i>, McDonald and Woodward Publishing Company, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0939923041" title="Special:BookSources/0939923041"><bdi>0939923041</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Patterns+in+the+Sky%3A+Myths+and+Legends+of+the+Stars&rft.pub=McDonald+and+Woodward+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0939923041&rft.aulast=Staal&rft.aufirst=Julius+D.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrux" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVelt1990" class="citation cs2">Velt, Kik (1990), <i>Stars Over Tonga</i>, 'Atenisi University</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stars+Over+Tonga&rft.pub=%27Atenisi+University&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Velt&rft.aufirst=Kik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrux" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crux&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 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title="commons:Category:Crux">category</a>)</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dibonsmith.com/downunder.htm">Finding the South Pole in the sky</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://astrojan.nhely.hu/crux.htm">The clickable Crux</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081014150915/http://www.teara.govt.nz/EarthSeaAndSky/Astronomy/SouthernCross/en"><i>Southern Cross</i></a> in Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archival.sl.nsw.gov.au/Details/archive/110324148">Andrea Corsali – Letter to Giuliano de Medici, 1516 showing the Southern Cross</a> at the <a href="/wiki/State_Library_of_NSW" class="mw-redirect" title="State Library of NSW">State Library of NSW</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.ms-ms7860">Letter of Andrea Corsali 1516–1989: with additional material</a> ("the first description and illustration of the Southern Cross, with speculations about Australia ...") digitised by the National Library of Australia.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://classicalpoets.org/2024/02/12/the-southern-cross-a-poem-by-adam-sedia/">'The Southern Cross': A Poem by Adam Sedia</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Constellation_of_Crux" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Crux" title="Template:Crux"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Crux" title="Template talk:Crux"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Crux" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Crux"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Constellation_of_Crux" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Crux_(constellation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crux (constellation)">Constellation of Crux</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stars_in_Crux" title="List of stars in Crux">List of stars in Crux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crux_in_Chinese_astronomy" title="Crux in Chinese astronomy">Crux in Chinese astronomy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:55px"><a href="/wiki/Star" title="Star">Stars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px"><a href="/wiki/Bayer_designation" title="Bayer designation">Bayer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acrux" title="Acrux">α (Acrux)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimosa_(star)" title="Mimosa (star)">β (Mimosa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gacrux" title="Gacrux">γ (Gacrux)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Crucis" title="Delta Crucis">δ (Imai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epsilon_Crucis" title="Epsilon Crucis">ε (Ginan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeta_Crucis" title="Zeta Crucis">ζ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eta_Crucis" title="Eta Crucis">η</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theta1_Crucis" title="Theta1 Crucis">θ<sup>1</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theta2_Crucis" title="Theta2 Crucis">θ<sup>2</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iota_Crucis" title="Iota Crucis">ι</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambda_Crucis" title="Lambda Crucis">λ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu_Crucis" title="Mu Crucis">μ<sup>1</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu_Crucis" title="Mu Crucis">μ<sup>2</sup></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px"><a href="/wiki/Variable_star_designation" class="mw-redirect" title="Variable star designation">Variable</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R_Crucis" title="R Crucis">R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S_Crucis" title="S Crucis">S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T_Crucis" title="T Crucis">T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V_Crucis" title="V Crucis">V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W_Crucis" title="W Crucis">W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_Crucis" title="X Crucis">X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BG_Crucis" title="BG Crucis">BG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BH_Crucis" title="BH Crucis">BH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BL_Crucis" title="BL Crucis">BL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BP_Crucis" title="BP Crucis">BP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BU_Crucis" title="BU Crucis">BU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_110432" title="HD 110432">BZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD_Crucis" title="CD Crucis">CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CH_Crucis" title="CH Crucis">CH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DL_Crucis" title="DL Crucis">DL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DS_Crucis" title="DS Crucis">DS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DU_Crucis" title="DU Crucis">DU</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px"><a href="/wiki/Bright_Star_Catalogue" title="Bright Star Catalogue">HR</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HR_4729" title="HR 4729">4729</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_110956" title="HD 110956">4848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HR_4887" title="HR 4887">4887</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_Crucis_(star)" title="Kappa Crucis (star)">4890</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Draper_Catalogue" title="Henry Draper Catalogue">HD</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HD_106906" title="HD 106906">106906</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_108147" title="HD 108147">108147 (Tupã)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NGC_4349-127" title="NGC 4349-127">NGC 4349-127</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PSR_B1259%E2%88%9263/LS_2883" title="PSR B1259−63/LS 2883">PSR B1259−63/LS 2883</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WR_46" title="WR 46">WR 46</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Exoplanets" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:151px;background: #ddddff;"><a href="/wiki/Exoplanet" title="Exoplanet">Exoplanets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HD_106906_b" title="HD 106906 b">HD 106906 b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_108147_b" title="HD 108147 b">HD 108147 b</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Star_clusters" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:151px;background: #ddddff;"><a href="/wiki/Star_cluster" title="Star cluster">Star clusters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dragonfish_Nebula" title="Dragonfish Nebula">Dragonfish Nebula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewel_Box_(star_cluster)" title="Jewel Box (star cluster)">Jewel Box (κ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_4103" title="NGC 4103">NGC 4103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_4349" title="NGC 4349">NGC 4349</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_4609" title="NGC 4609">NGC 4609</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Nebulae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:151px;background: #ddddff;"><a href="/wiki/Nebula" title="Nebula">Nebulae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coalsack_Nebula" title="Coalsack Nebula">Coalsack Nebula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragonfish_Nebula" title="Dragonfish Nebula">Dragonfish Nebula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRAS_12063-6259" title="IRAS 12063-6259">IRAS 12063-6259</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Crux" title="Category:Crux">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_88_modern_constellations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Constellations/modern" title="Template:Constellations/modern"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Constellations/modern" title="Template talk:Constellations/modern"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Constellations/modern" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Constellations/modern"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_88_modern_constellations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">The <a href="/wiki/IAU_designated_constellations" title="IAU designated constellations">88 modern constellations</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andromeda_(constellation)" title="Andromeda (constellation)">Andromeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antlia" title="Antlia">Antlia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apus" title="Apus">Apus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquarius_(constellation)" title="Aquarius (constellation)">Aquarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquila_(constellation)" title="Aquila (constellation)">Aquila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ara_(constellation)" title="Ara (constellation)">Ara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aries_(constellation)" title="Aries (constellation)">Aries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auriga" title="Auriga">Auriga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo%C3%B6tes" title="Boötes">Boötes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caelum" title="Caelum">Caelum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camelopardalis" title="Camelopardalis">Camelopardalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancer_(constellation)" title="Cancer (constellation)">Cancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canes_Venatici" title="Canes Venatici">Canes Venatici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canis_Major" title="Canis Major">Canis Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canis_Minor" title="Canis Minor">Canis Minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capricornus" title="Capricornus">Capricornus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carina_(constellation)" title="Carina (constellation)">Carina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassiopeia_(constellation)" title="Cassiopeia (constellation)">Cassiopeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centaurus" title="Centaurus">Centaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cepheus_(constellation)" title="Cepheus (constellation)">Cepheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cetus" title="Cetus">Cetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamaeleon" title="Chamaeleon">Chamaeleon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circinus" title="Circinus">Circinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columba_(constellation)" title="Columba (constellation)">Columba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coma_Berenices" title="Coma Berenices">Coma Berenices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corona_Australis" title="Corona Australis">Corona Australis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corona_Borealis" title="Corona Borealis">Corona Borealis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corvus_(constellation)" title="Corvus (constellation)">Corvus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crater_(constellation)" title="Crater (constellation)">Crater</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Crux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cygnus_(constellation)" title="Cygnus (constellation)">Cygnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delphinus" title="Delphinus">Delphinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorado" title="Dorado">Dorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draco_(constellation)" title="Draco (constellation)">Draco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equuleus" title="Equuleus">Equuleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eridanus_(constellation)" title="Eridanus (constellation)">Eridanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fornax" title="Fornax">Fornax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemini_(constellation)" title="Gemini (constellation)">Gemini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grus_(constellation)" title="Grus (constellation)">Grus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hercules_(constellation)" title="Hercules (constellation)">Hercules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horologium_(constellation)" title="Horologium (constellation)">Horologium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydra_(constellation)" title="Hydra (constellation)">Hydra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrus" title="Hydrus">Hydrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_(constellation)" title="Indus (constellation)">Indus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacerta" title="Lacerta">Lacerta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_(constellation)" title="Leo (constellation)">Leo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Minor" title="Leo Minor">Leo Minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepus_(constellation)" title="Lepus (constellation)">Lepus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libra_(constellation)" title="Libra (constellation)">Libra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lupus_(constellation)" title="Lupus (constellation)">Lupus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynx_(constellation)" title="Lynx (constellation)">Lynx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyra" title="Lyra">Lyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mensa_(constellation)" title="Mensa (constellation)">Mensa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microscopium" title="Microscopium">Microscopium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monoceros" title="Monoceros">Monoceros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musca" title="Musca">Musca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norma_(constellation)" title="Norma (constellation)">Norma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octans" title="Octans">Octans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophiuchus" title="Ophiuchus">Ophiuchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_(constellation)" title="Orion (constellation)">Orion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavo_(constellation)" title="Pavo (constellation)">Pavo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegasus_(constellation)" title="Pegasus (constellation)">Pegasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perseus_(constellation)" title="Perseus (constellation)">Perseus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(constellation)" title="Phoenix (constellation)">Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictor" title="Pictor">Pictor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisces_(constellation)" title="Pisces (constellation)">Pisces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piscis_Austrinus" title="Piscis Austrinus">Piscis Austrinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puppis" title="Puppis">Puppis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyxis" title="Pyxis">Pyxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reticulum" title="Reticulum">Reticulum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagitta" title="Sagitta">Sagitta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagittarius_(constellation)" title="Sagittarius (constellation)">Sagittarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scorpius" title="Scorpius">Scorpius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculptor_(constellation)" title="Sculptor (constellation)">Sculptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scutum_(constellation)" title="Scutum (constellation)">Scutum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpens" title="Serpens">Serpens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sextans" title="Sextans">Sextans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taurus_(constellation)" title="Taurus (constellation)">Taurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telescopium" title="Telescopium">Telescopium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangulum" title="Triangulum">Triangulum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangulum_Australe" title="Triangulum Australe">Triangulum Australe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucana" title="Tucana">Tucana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursa_Major" title="Ursa Major">Ursa Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursa_Minor" title="Ursa Minor">Ursa Minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vela_(constellation)" title="Vela (constellation)">Vela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgo_(constellation)" title="Virgo (constellation)">Virgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volans" title="Volans">Volans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulpecula" title="Vulpecula">Vulpecula</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_constellations" title="Lists of constellations">Lists of constellations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Constellation_history" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Constellations/historic" title="Template:Constellations/historic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Constellations/historic" title="Template talk:Constellations/historic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Constellations/historic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Constellations/historic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Constellation_history" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Constellation history</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #ddf;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Constellations/historic/ptolemaic" title="Template:Constellations/historic/ptolemaic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Constellations/historic/ptolemaic" title="Template talk:Constellations/historic/ptolemaic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Constellations/historic/ptolemaic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Constellations/historic/ptolemaic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="48_constellations_listed_by_Ptolemy_after_150_AD" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">48 constellations listed by <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a> after 150 AD</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andromeda_(constellation)" title="Andromeda (constellation)">Andromeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquarius_(constellation)" title="Aquarius (constellation)">Aquarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquila_(constellation)" title="Aquila (constellation)">Aquila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ara_(constellation)" title="Ara (constellation)">Ara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argo_Navis" title="Argo Navis">Argo Navis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aries_(constellation)" title="Aries (constellation)">Aries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auriga" title="Auriga">Auriga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo%C3%B6tes" title="Boötes">Boötes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancer_(constellation)" title="Cancer (constellation)">Cancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canis_Major" title="Canis Major">Canis Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canis_Minor" title="Canis Minor">Canis Minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capricornus" title="Capricornus">Capricornus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassiopeia_(constellation)" title="Cassiopeia (constellation)">Cassiopeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centaurus" title="Centaurus">Centaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cepheus_(constellation)" title="Cepheus (constellation)">Cepheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cetus" title="Cetus">Cetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corona_Australis" title="Corona Australis">Corona Australis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corona_Borealis" title="Corona Borealis">Corona Borealis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corvus_(constellation)" title="Corvus (constellation)">Corvus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crater_(constellation)" title="Crater (constellation)">Crater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cygnus_(constellation)" title="Cygnus (constellation)">Cygnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delphinus" title="Delphinus">Delphinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draco_(constellation)" title="Draco (constellation)">Draco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equuleus" title="Equuleus">Equuleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eridanus_(constellation)" title="Eridanus (constellation)">Eridanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemini_(constellation)" title="Gemini (constellation)">Gemini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hercules_(constellation)" title="Hercules (constellation)">Hercules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydra_(constellation)" title="Hydra (constellation)">Hydra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_(constellation)" title="Leo (constellation)">Leo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepus_(constellation)" title="Lepus (constellation)">Lepus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libra_(constellation)" title="Libra (constellation)">Libra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lupus_(constellation)" title="Lupus (constellation)">Lupus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyra" title="Lyra">Lyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophiuchus" title="Ophiuchus">Ophiuchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_(constellation)" title="Orion (constellation)">Orion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegasus_(constellation)" title="Pegasus (constellation)">Pegasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perseus_(constellation)" title="Perseus (constellation)">Perseus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisces_(constellation)" title="Pisces (constellation)">Pisces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piscis_Austrinus" title="Piscis Austrinus">Piscis Austrinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagitta" title="Sagitta">Sagitta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagittarius_(constellation)" title="Sagittarius (constellation)">Sagittarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scorpius" title="Scorpius">Scorpius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpens" title="Serpens">Serpens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taurus_(constellation)" title="Taurus (constellation)">Taurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangulum" title="Triangulum">Triangulum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursa_Major" title="Ursa Major">Ursa Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursa_Minor" title="Ursa Minor">Ursa Minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgo_(constellation)" title="Virgo (constellation)">Virgo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#ffe"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Constellations_listed_by_Ptolemy" title="Category:Constellations listed by Ptolemy">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #ddf;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Constellations/historic/modern" title="Template:Constellations/historic/modern"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Constellations/historic/modern" title="Template talk:Constellations/historic/modern"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Constellations/historic/modern" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Constellations/historic/modern"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_41_additional_constellations_added_in_the_16th,_17th_and_18th_centuries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">The 41 additional constellations added in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Vespucci or Corsalius early 16c</i>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Crux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangulum_Australe" title="Triangulum Australe">Triangulum Australe</a></li> <li><i>Vopel</i> 1536: <a href="/wiki/Coma_Berenices" title="Coma Berenices">Coma Berenices</a></li> <li><i>Keyser & de Houtman</i> 1596: <a href="/wiki/Apus" title="Apus">Apus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamaeleon" title="Chamaeleon">Chamaeleon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorado" title="Dorado">Dorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grus_(constellation)" title="Grus (constellation)">Grus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrus" title="Hydrus">Hydrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_(constellation)" title="Indus (constellation)">Indus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musca" title="Musca">Musca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavo_(constellation)" title="Pavo (constellation)">Pavo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(constellation)" title="Phoenix (constellation)">Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucana" title="Tucana">Tucana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volans" title="Volans">Volans</a></li> <li><i>Plancius</i> 1613: <a href="/wiki/Camelopardalis" title="Camelopardalis">Camelopardalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columba_(constellation)" title="Columba (constellation)">Columba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monoceros" title="Monoceros">Monoceros</a></li> <li><i>Habrecht</i> 1621: <a href="/wiki/Reticulum" title="Reticulum">Reticulum</a></li> <li><i>Hevelius</i> 1683: <a href="/wiki/Canes_Venatici" title="Canes Venatici">Canes Venatici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacerta" title="Lacerta">Lacerta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Minor" title="Leo Minor">Leo Minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynx_(constellation)" title="Lynx (constellation)">Lynx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scutum_(constellation)" title="Scutum (constellation)">Scutum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sextans" title="Sextans">Sextans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulpecula" title="Vulpecula">Vulpecula</a></li> <li><i>de Lacaille</i> 1763: <a href="/wiki/Antlia" title="Antlia">Antlia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caelum" title="Caelum">Caelum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carina_(constellation)" title="Carina (constellation)">Carina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circinus" title="Circinus">Circinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fornax" title="Fornax">Fornax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horologium_(constellation)" title="Horologium (constellation)">Horologium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mensa_(constellation)" title="Mensa (constellation)">Mensa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microscopium" title="Microscopium">Microscopium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norma_(constellation)" title="Norma (constellation)">Norma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octans" title="Octans">Octans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictor" title="Pictor">Pictor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puppis" title="Puppis">Puppis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyxis" title="Pyxis">Pyxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculptor_(constellation)" title="Sculptor (constellation)">Sculptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telescopium" title="Telescopium">Telescopium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vela_(constellation)" title="Vela (constellation)">Vela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #ddf;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Constellations/historic/obsolete" title="Template:Constellations/historic/obsolete"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Constellations/historic/obsolete" title="Template talk:Constellations/historic/obsolete"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Constellations/historic/obsolete" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Constellations/historic/obsolete"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Obsolete_constellations_(including_Ptolemy&#039;s_Argo_Navis)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Former_constellations" title="Former constellations">Obsolete constellations</a> (including Ptolemy's Argo Navis)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla_(constellation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anguilla (constellation)">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anser_(constellation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anser (constellation)">Anser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antinous_(constellation)" title="Antinous (constellation)">Antinous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apes_(constellation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Apes (constellation)">Apes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aranea_(constellation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aranea (constellation)">Aranea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argo_Navis" title="Argo Navis">Argo Navis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asterion_(constellation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asterion (constellation)">Asterion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bufo_(constellation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bufo (constellation)">Bufo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancer_Minor" title="Cancer Minor">Cancer Minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerberus_(constellation)" title="Cerberus (constellation)">Cerberus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chara_(constellation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chara (constellation)">Chara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custos_Messium" title="Custos Messium">Custos Messium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felis_(constellation)" title="Felis (constellation)">Felis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honores_Friderici" title="Honores Friderici">Honores Friderici/Gloria Frederici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallus_(constellation)" title="Gallus (constellation)">Gallus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globus_Aerostaticus" title="Globus Aerostaticus">Globus Aerostaticus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippocampus_(constellation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hippocampus (constellation)">Hippocampus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirudo_(constellation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hirudo (constellation)">Hirudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanus_(constellation)" title="Jordanus (constellation)">Jordanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Palatinus" title="Leo Palatinus">Leo Palatinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilium_(constellation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lilium (constellation)">Lilium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limax_(constellation)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limax (constellation) (page does not exist)">Limax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lochium_Funis" title="Lochium Funis">Lochium Funis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricus_(constellation)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lumbricus (constellation) (page does not exist)">Lumbricus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machina_Electrica" title="Machina Electrica">Machina Electrica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malus_(constellation)" title="Malus (constellation)">Malus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manis_(constellation)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manis (constellation) (page does not exist)">Manis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mons_Maenalus" title="Mons Maenalus">Mons Maenalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musca_Borealis" title="Musca Borealis">Musca Borealis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noctua_(constellation)" title="Noctua (constellation)">Noctua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Officina_Typographica" title="Officina Typographica">Officina Typographica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patella_(constellation)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patella (constellation) (page does not exist)">Patella</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phaethon_(constellation)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phaethon (constellation) (page does not exist)">Phaethon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polophylax" title="Polophylax">Polophylax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalterium_Georgii" title="Psalterium Georgii">Psalterium Georgianum/Harpa Georgii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrans_Muralis" title="Quadrans Muralis">Quadrans Muralis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramus_Pomifer" title="Ramus Pomifer">Ramus Pomifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robur_Carolinum" title="Robur Carolinum">Robur Carolinum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosa_(constellation)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rosa (constellation) (page does not exist)">Rosa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scarabaeus_(constellation)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scarabaeus (constellation) (page does not exist)">Scarabaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceptrum_Brandenburgicum" title="Sceptrum Brandenburgicum">Sceptrum Brandenburgicum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceptrum_et_Manus_Iustitiae" title="Sceptrum et Manus Iustitiae">Sceptrum et Manus Iustitiae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solarium_(constellation)" title="Solarium (constellation)">Solarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangifer_(constellation)" title="Rangifer (constellation)">Tarandus/Rangifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taurus_Poniatovii" title="Taurus Poniatovii">Taurus Poniatovii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telescopium_Herschelii" title="Telescopium Herschelii">Telescopium Herschelii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisces_(constellation)#History_and_Mythology" title="Pisces (constellation)">Testudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Tigris_(constellation)" title="River Tigris (constellation)">Tigris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangulum_Minus" title="Triangulum Minus">Triangulum Minus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turdus_Solitarius" title="Turdus Solitarius">Turdus Solitarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vespa_(constellation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vespa (constellation)">Vespa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: #ddf;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b>obsolete constellation names</b></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musca#History" title="Musca">Apis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grus_(constellation)" title="Grus (constellation)">Phoenicopterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophiuchus" title="Ophiuchus">Serpentarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorado" title="Dorado">Xiphias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyra" title="Lyra">Vultur cadens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquila_(constellation)#History" title="Aquila (constellation)">Vultur volans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style 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.portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/19px-Crab_Nebula.jpg" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/29px-Crab_Nebula.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/38px-Crab_Nebula.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3864" data-file-height="3864" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Astronomy" title="Portal:Astronomy">Astronomy</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:He1523a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/He1523a.jpg/16px-He1523a.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/He1523a.jpg/25px-He1523a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/He1523a.jpg/33px-He1523a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="207" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Stars" title="Portal:Stars">Stars</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/19px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/29px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/38px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spaceflight" title="Portal:Spaceflight">Spaceflight</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/21px-Earth-moon.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/32px-Earth-moon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/42px-Earth-moon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Outer_space" title="Portal:Outer space">Outer space</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/15px-Solar_system.jpg" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/23px-Solar_system.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/30px-Solar_system.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="5600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Solar_System" title="Portal:Solar System">Solar System</a></li></ul></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crux&oldid=1247261372">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crux&oldid=1247261372</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Crux" title="Category:Crux">Crux</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_symbols_of_Australia" title="Category:National symbols of Australia">National symbols of Australia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_symbols_of_Brazil" title="Category:National symbols of Brazil">National symbols of Brazil</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_symbols_of_New_Zealand" title="Category:National symbols of New Zealand">National symbols of New Zealand</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_symbols_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Category:National symbols of Papua New Guinea">National symbols of Papua New Guinea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_symbols_of_Samoa" title="Category:National symbols of Samoa">National symbols of Samoa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Southern_constellations" title="Category:Southern constellations">Southern constellations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Heraldic_charges" title="Category:Heraldic charges">Heraldic charges</a></li><li><a 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