Energies | Special Issue : Progress and Challenges in Power and Smart Grid

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content__container--overflow-initial"> <h1> Progress and Challenges in Power and Smart Grid </h1> <div class=" small-12 columns"> <span class="qlst"> <ul> <li><a href="/journal/energies/special_issue_flyer_pdf_v2/JK4ZBGVQ7W">Print Special Issue Flyer</a></li> <li><a href="#editors"> Special Issue Editors </a></li> <li><a href="#info"> Special Issue Information </a></li> <li><a href="#keywords">Keywords</a></li> <li><a href="#benefits">Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue</a></li> <li><a href="#published">Published Papers</a></li> </ul> </span> <p>A special issue of <a href="/journal/energies"><i>Energies</i></a> (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "<a href="/journal/energies/sections/grids">A1: Smart Grids and Microgrids</a>".<span data-section-id="589"></span></p> <p style="padding:0.5em 0;"> <span class="si-deadline"> Deadline for manuscript submissions: <b>31 January 2025</b> | Viewed by 2669 </span> <br/> </p> </div> <div style="clear: both;"></div> <div class="sharingLinks"> <h2>Share This Special Issue</h2> <div class="social-media-links" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#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" title="Email"> <i class="fa fa-envelope-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i> </a> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Progress+and+Challenges+in+Power+and+Smart+Grid&hashtags=mdpienergies&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdpi.com%2Fsi%2F162363&via=energies_mdpi" onclick="windowOpen(this.href,600,800); 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microgrid; power quality; renewable energy systems; active power filters"> <div class="editor-div__content smaller-pictures"> <div class='profile-card-drop' data-dropdown='profile-card-drop291431' data-options='is_hover:true, hover_timeout:5000'> <div class="sciprofiles-link" style="display: inline-block"><div class="sciprofiles-link__link"><img class="sciprofiles-link__image" src="/data/editors/editor_291431.png?1712129041" style= "width: auto; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%;"><span class="sciprofiles-link__name"> Prof. Dr. Yang Han </span></div></div> </div> <div id="profile-card-drop291431" data-dropdown-content class="f-dropdown content profile-card-content" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <div class="profile-card__title "> <div class="sciprofiles-link" style="display: inline-block"><div class="sciprofiles-link__link"><img class="sciprofiles-link__image" src="/data/editors/editor_291431.png?1712129041" style= "width: auto; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%;"><span class="sciprofiles-link__name"> Prof. Dr. Yang Han </span></div></div> </div> <div class="profile-card__buttons" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> <a href="https://sciprofiles.com/profile/61720?utm_source=mdpi.com&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=avatar_name" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> SciProfiles </a> <a href="https://scilit.net/scholars?q=Yang%20Han" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> Scilit </a> <a href="https://www.preprints.org/search?search1=Yang%20Han&field1=authors" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> Preprints.org </a> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Yang%20Han" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank" rels="noopener noreferrer"> Google Scholar </a> </div> </div> <br class="show-for-small-only" /> <a class="inline-spacer toEncode emailCaptcha" href="" data-editor-id="291431">E-Mail</a> <a class="inline-spacer" href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=55489195700" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Website</a> <br/> <i>Guest Editor</i><br> </div> <div style="clear: both;"></div> <div class="editor-div__content smaller-pictures"> School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China<br> <b>Interests:</b> power electronics; microgrid; power quality; renewable energy systems; active power filters<br> <a href="#" id="editor_contrib_291431" onclick="div_toggle(this.id); return false;">Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals</a> <div id="div_editor_contrib_291431" style="display: none"> Special Issue in <a href="/journal/electricity/special_issues/9H221L607S"> <i>Electricity</i>: Recent Advances in Power and Smart Grids</a><br> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h2><a name="info"></a>Special Issue Information</h2> <div> <p>Dear Colleagues,</p> <p>The 6th International Conference on Power and Smart Grid (ICPSG 2023) will be held on July 21-23, 2023 in Chengdu, China, co-sponsored by the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Beijing CAS Industrial Energy and Environment Technology Institute (BIEET), hosted by the School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering (UESTC, China). This ICPSG2023 Special Issue will cover a wide range of topics related to the generation, transmission, distribution, and consumption of electricity, as well as the technology and infrastructure that enables the integration of renewable energy sources, demand management, and other advanced capabilities. Some specific topics that may be covered could include:</p> <ul> <li>Smart grid systems and architectures: This could include discussions of the various components of a smart grid, such as advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), distribution management systems (DMS), and energy management systems (EMS), as well as the communication networks and protocols that enable these systems to work together.</li> <li>Renewable energy integration: As more renewable energy sources are brought online, there are new challenges in terms of managing the variability and uncertainty of these resources. Additionally, it might include articles discussing methods for integrating renewable energy into the grid, such as through the use of energy storage and demand management.</li> <li>Power system resilience: Resilience is an important capability for modern power systems against increasing extreme events, such as typhoons, floods, heatwaves, man-made attacks, etc. Risk assessment and forecasting, power system planning and operation, and energy management techniques are critical measures to enhance power system resilience.</li> <li>Advanced distribution systems: With the increasing use of distributed energy resources (DER), such as rooftop solar and electric vehicles, there is a growing need for advanced distribution systems that can handle the increased complexity and variability of these systems. It might cover topics such as distributed control, distributed optimization, and the use of microgrids.</li> <li>Grid operation and control: As the grid becomes more complex, there is a growing need for advanced techniques to manage and control the flow of electricity. This could include articles discussing methods for real-time monitoring, control, optimization of the grid, and complementary energy technology.</li> <li>Cybersecurity: As the power grid becomes more connected and digitized, there are increasing concerns about cybersecurity threats. This Special Issue might include articles discussing the various cybersecurity challenges facing the power grid, as well as methods for protecting against these threats.</li> <li>Market and regulatory: The electricity market and regulatory environment are constantly evolving, and the Special Issue might cover some of the latest developments in this area, such as the role of distributed energy resources in the market, as well as regulatory and policy issues related to the smart grid.</li> <li>Consumer behavior and engagement: The smart grid is not just about technology, but also about how consumers interact with the grid and use energy. This might cover research on consumer behavior and engagement, including the impact of the smart grid on consumer decision making and how to encourage more energy-efficient behavior among households and businesses.</li> <li>Modelling and investigation of lightning strike phenomena in the case of renewable energy sources and transmission lines. In addition, we welcome investigations into physical causes, discussions and tests of mathematical models for the electromagnetic fields associated with lightning strikes, and providing statistics on and measurements of the lightning activity, which represent a crucial point both for validating theoretical models as well as for providing numerical values which are able to quantify the risk due to lightning events.</li> <li>De-carbonization techniques in power system: The growth in the need for efficient pathways to achieve the long-term goal of carbon neutrality is driven by the continuous acceleration of the amount of carbon dioxide emission. This Special Issue might cover some of topics such as carbon emission forecasting, carbon flow tracking, carbon trading market, carbon capture, and low-carbon dispatching technology.</li> </ul> <p>This is not an exhaustive list; other topics could also be included depending on the specific focus of the Special Issue area.</p> <p>Prof. Dr. Yang Han<br /><em>Guest Editor</em></p> <p><p><strong>Manuscript Submission Information</strong><p> <p>Manuscripts should be submitted online at <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/">www.mdpi.com</a> by <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/user/register/">registering</a> and <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/user/login/">logging in to this website</a>. Once you are registered, <a href="https://susy.mdpi.com/user/manuscripts/upload/?journal=energies">click here to go to the submission form</a>. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.</p> <p>Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/energies/instructions">Instructions for Authors</a> page. <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/energies/"><em>Energies</em></a> is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.</p> <p> Please visit the <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/energies/instructions">Instructions for Authors</a> page before submitting a manuscript. The <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/about/apc/">Article Processing Charge (APC)</a> for publication in this <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/about/openaccess/">open access</a> journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/authors/english">English editing service</a> prior to publication or during author revisions. </p></p> </div> <h2><a name="keywords"></a>Keywords</h2> <div><ul> <li>advanced energy technologies</li> <li>battery and fuel cell technology</li> <li>distributed generation systems</li> <li>electric power engineering</li> <li>electrical power engineering and system integration</li> <li>electric power transmission and distribution</li> <li>energy and power engineering</li> <li>lightning protection</li> <li>energy economics and energy policy</li> <li>energy engineering</li> <li>energy storage system and technologies</li> <li>energy systems and power engineering</li> <li>energy technology and power engineering</li> <li>fuel cells and combustion</li> <li>power and energy technology systems</li> <li>power electronics</li> <li>power engineering</li> <li>power engineering and power generation technology</li> <li>power generation technologies</li> <li>power systems</li> <li>power technology and engineering</li> <li>power technology and power engineering</li> <li>power transmission and distribution</li> <li>renewable and non renewable energy sources</li> <li>renewable energy technology</li> <li>smart grid technologies</li> <li>sustainability</li> <li>wind and renewable energy</li> </ul> <div class="jso-cursor-trail-wrapper" style="position: fixed; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100vw; height: 100vh; overflow: hidden; pointer-events: none; z-index: 9999;"> </div></div> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body><h2><a name="benefits"></a>Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue</h2> <ul> <li>Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.</li> <li>Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. 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return false;">Ok</a> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close"> <i class="material-icons">clear</i> </a> </div> </div> <div> <div style="clear: both"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item type-section" id=Research> <h2>Research</h2> <div style="margin-top: 15px;"> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <input class="article-list-checkbox export-element" type="checkbox" name="articles_ids[]" value="1476558" data-select-all-name="article-listing"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 15 pages, 3942 KiB   </span> <a href="/1996-1073/17/18/4568/pdf?version=1726132179" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Research on Differentiated Lightning Protection of Overhead Distribution Lines under Continuous Lightning Strikes" data-journal="energies"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/1996-1073/17/18/4568">Research on Differentiated Lightning Protection of Overhead Distribution Lines under Continuous Lightning Strikes</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Duanjiao Li</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Wenxing Sun</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Kunyu Song</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ruifeng Zhu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Zhenxin Zhong</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Tongshu Ding</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jiachen Gao</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Energies</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>17</em>(18), 4568; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/en17184568">https://doi.org/10.3390/en17184568</a> - 12 Sep 2024 </div> Viewed by 454 <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Distribution lines are an important component of a power system. Lightning disasters have serious adverse effects on the reliability of the power supply in distribution networks. In response to the current lack of research on lightning protection in distribution networks under continuous lightning <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/18/4568/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Distribution lines are an important component of a power system. Lightning disasters have serious adverse effects on the reliability of the power supply in distribution networks. In response to the current lack of research on lightning protection in distribution networks under continuous lightning strikes, we built a transient simulation model and calculated the lightning withstanding level and lightning outage rate of distribution lines under continuous lightning strikes. In addition, the impact of different factors on the lightning withstanding level and lightning outage rate of distribution lines under continuous lightning strikes was calculated for different lightning protection strategies. Finally, differentiated lightning protection strategies based on the lightning outage rate calculation were proposed. <a href="/1996-1073/17/18/4568">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/energies/special_issues/JK4ZBGVQ7W ">Progress and Challenges in Power and Smart Grid</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/18/4568/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1476558"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1476558"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1476558" data-cycle-prev="#prev1476558" data-cycle-progressive="#images1476558" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1476558-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-17-04568/article_deploy/html/images/energies-17-04568-g001-550.jpg?1726132292" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1476558" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1476558-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-17-04568/article_deploy/html/images/energies-17-04568-g002-550.jpg?1726132293'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1476558-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-17-04568/article_deploy/html/images/energies-17-04568-g003-550.jpg?1726132294'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1476558-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-17-04568/article_deploy/html/images/energies-17-04568-g004-550.jpg?1726132294'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1476558-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-17-04568/article_deploy/html/images/energies-17-04568-g005-550.jpg?1726132295'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1476558-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-17-04568/article_deploy/html/images/energies-17-04568-g006-550.jpg?1726132296'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1476558-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-17-04568/article_deploy/html/images/energies-17-04568-g007-550.jpg?1726132296'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1476558-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-17-04568/article_deploy/html/images/energies-17-04568-g008-550.jpg?1726132297'><p>Figure 8</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1476558-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-17-04568/article_deploy/html/images/energies-17-04568-g009-550.jpg?1726132298'><p>Figure 9</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1476558-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-17-04568/article_deploy/html/images/energies-17-04568-g010-550.jpg?1726132298'><p>Figure 10</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1476558-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-17-04568/article_deploy/html/images/energies-17-04568-g001-550.jpg?1726132292" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>The direct lightning voltage model.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1996-1073/17/18/4568'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-17-04568/article_deploy/html/images/energies-17-04568-g002-550.jpg?1726132293" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Tower structure diagram: (<b>a</b>) Single horizontal tower; (<b>b</b>) Single triangular tower; (<b>c</b>) Double circuit tower.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1996-1073/17/18/4568'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-17-04568/article_deploy/html/images/energies-17-04568-g003-550.jpg?1726132294" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Volt-Ampere characteristic curve of the lightning arrester.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1996-1073/17/18/4568'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-17-04568/article_deploy/html/images/energies-17-04568-g004-550.jpg?1726132294" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>The lightning-induced voltage model.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1996-1073/17/18/4568'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-17-04568/article_deploy/html/images/energies-17-04568-g005-550.jpg?1726132295" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Calculation process of the lightning withstanding level.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1996-1073/17/18/4568'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-17-04568/article_deploy/html/images/energies-17-04568-g006-550.jpg?1726132296" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Lightning outage rates on different grounding resistances.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1996-1073/17/18/4568'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-17-04568/article_deploy/html/images/energies-17-04568-g007-550.jpg?1726132296" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Lightning outage rates on different tower types.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1996-1073/17/18/4568'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-17-04568/article_deploy/html/images/energies-17-04568-g008-550.jpg?1726132297" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>Lightning outage rate on different ground flash densities.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1996-1073/17/18/4568'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-17-04568/article_deploy/html/images/energies-17-04568-g009-550.jpg?1726132298" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>Voltage waveform of the insulators: (<b>a</b>) strategy <span class="html-italic">s</span><sub>1</sub>; (<b>b</b>) strategy <span class="html-italic">s</span><sub>3</sub>.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1996-1073/17/18/4568'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-17-04568/article_deploy/html/images/energies-17-04568-g010-550.jpg?1726132298" title=" <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/> <p>Energy absorbed by the lightning arrester when adopting strategy <span class="html-italic">s</span><sub>3</sub>.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1996-1073/17/18/4568'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <input class="article-list-checkbox export-element" type="checkbox" name="articles_ids[]" value="1278784" data-select-all-name="article-listing"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 28 pages, 11571 KiB   </span> <a href="/1996-1073/16/22/7547/pdf?version=1699845415" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Enhancing Resilience and Reliability of Active Distribution Networks through Accurate Fault Location and Novel Pilot Protection Method" data-journal="energies"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/1996-1073/16/22/7547">Enhancing Resilience and Reliability of Active Distribution Networks through Accurate Fault Location and Novel Pilot Protection Method</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Lin Xu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Songhai Fan</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Hua Zhang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jiayu Xiong</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Chang Liu</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Site Mo</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Energies</em> <b>2023</b>, <em>16</em>(22), 7547; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/en16227547">https://doi.org/10.3390/en16227547</a> - 13 Nov 2023 </div> Viewed by 1319 <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> The integration of distributed generation (DG) into the decentralized access of the distribution network transforms the existing structure into an active distribution network. The alteration in fault characteristics poses significant challenges to the coordinated operation of relay protection. Fault location within the distribution <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/22/7547/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> The integration of distributed generation (DG) into the decentralized access of the distribution network transforms the existing structure into an active distribution network. The alteration in fault characteristics poses significant challenges to the coordinated operation of relay protection. Fault location within the distribution network plays a vital role in facilitating fault recovery and enhancing the resilience of the power system. It proves instrumental in improving the network’s ability to withstand extreme disasters, thereby enhancing the reliability of power distribution. Therefore, this paper provides a detailed analysis of the voltage fault components occurring during various fault types within an active distribution network. Building upon the identified characteristics of voltage fault components, a novel approach for the longitudinal protection of active distribution networks is proposed. This method involves comparing the calculated values of voltage fault components with their actual values. The proposed approach is applicable to various fault scenarios, including short-circuit faults, line break faults, and recurring faults. It exhibits advantages such as insensitivity to the penetration of distributed power supplies and robustness in withstanding transition resistance. The simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, affirming its applicability to diverse protection requirements within active distribution networks. <a href="/1996-1073/16/22/7547">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/energies/special_issues/JK4ZBGVQ7W ">Progress and Challenges in Power and Smart Grid</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/22/7547/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1278784"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1278784"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1278784" data-cycle-prev="#prev1278784" data-cycle-progressive="#images1278784" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1278784-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-16-07547/article_deploy/html/images/energies-16-07547-g001-550.jpg?1699845483" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1278784" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1278784-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-16-07547/article_deploy/html/images/energies-16-07547-g002-550.jpg?1699845483'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1278784-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-16-07547/article_deploy/html/images/energies-16-07547-g003-550.jpg?1699845484'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1278784-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-16-07547/article_deploy/html/images/energies-16-07547-g004-550.jpg?1699845485'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1278784-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-16-07547/article_deploy/html/images/energies-16-07547-g005-550.jpg?1699845486'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1278784-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-16-07547/article_deploy/html/images/energies-16-07547-g006-550.jpg?1699845486'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1278784-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-16-07547/article_deploy/html/images/energies-16-07547-g007-550.jpg?1699845488'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1278784-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-16-07547/article_deploy/html/images/energies-16-07547-g008-550.jpg?1699845489'><p>Figure 8</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1278784-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-16-07547/article_deploy/html/images/energies-16-07547-g009-550.jpg?1699845490'><p>Figure 9</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1278784-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-16-07547/article_deploy/html/images/energies-16-07547-g010-550.jpg?1699845492'><p>Figure 10</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='10' data-target='article-1278784-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-16-07547/article_deploy/html/images/energies-16-07547-g011-550.jpg?1699845494'><p>Figure 11</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='11' data-target='article-1278784-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-16-07547/article_deploy/html/images/energies-16-07547-g012-550.jpg?1699845494'><p>Figure 12</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='12' data-target='article-1278784-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-16-07547/article_deploy/html/images/energies-16-07547-g013-550.jpg?1699845495'><p>Figure 13</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='13' data-target='article-1278784-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-16-07547/article_deploy/html/images/energies-16-07547-g014-550.jpg?1699845496'><p>Figure 14</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='14' data-target='article-1278784-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-16-07547/article_deploy/html/images/energies-16-07547-g015-550.jpg?1699845496'><p>Figure 15</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='15' data-target='article-1278784-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-16-07547/article_deploy/html/images/energies-16-07547-g016-550.jpg?1699845497'><p>Figure 16</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='16' data-target='article-1278784-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-16-07547/article_deploy/html/images/energies-16-07547-g017-550.jpg?1699845498'><p>Figure 17</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='17' data-target='article-1278784-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-16-07547/article_deploy/html/images/energies-16-07547-g018-550.jpg?1699845500'><p>Figure 18</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='18' data-target='article-1278784-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-16-07547/article_deploy/html/images/energies-16-07547-g019-550.jpg?1699845500'><p>Figure 19</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='19' data-target='article-1278784-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-16-07547/article_deploy/html/images/energies-16-07547-g020-550.jpg?1699845501'><p>Figure 20</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1278784-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-16-07547/article_deploy/html/images/energies-16-07547-g001-550.jpg?1699845483" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Structure diagram of active distribution network [<a href="#B1-energies-16-07547" class="html-bibr">1</a>,<a href="#B23-energies-16-07547" class="html-bibr">23</a>,<a href="#B32-energies-16-07547" class="html-bibr">32</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1996-1073/16/22/7547'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-16-07547/article_deploy/html/images/energies-16-07547-g002-550.jpg?1699845483" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Simplified line fault diagram of an active distribution network [<a href="#B33-energies-16-07547" class="html-bibr">33</a>,<a href="#B35-energies-16-07547" class="html-bibr">35</a>,<a href="#B36-energies-16-07547" class="html-bibr">36</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1996-1073/16/22/7547'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-16-07547/article_deploy/html/images/energies-16-07547-g003-550.jpg?1699845484" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Distribution network of additional short-circuit fault network with MTDG.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1996-1073/16/22/7547'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-16-07547/article_deploy/html/images/energies-16-07547-g004-550.jpg?1699845485" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Distribution network of additional short-circuit fault network with IIDG [<a href="#B22-energies-16-07547" class="html-bibr">22</a>,<a href="#B23-energies-16-07547" class="html-bibr">23</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1996-1073/16/22/7547'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-16-07547/article_deploy/html/images/energies-16-07547-g005-550.jpg?1699845486" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Simplified additional short-circuit fault network of distribution network with IIDG [<a href="#B36-energies-16-07547" class="html-bibr">36</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1996-1073/16/22/7547'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-16-07547/article_deploy/html/images/energies-16-07547-g006-550.jpg?1699845486" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Distribution network with additional network of line break fault [<a href="#B25-energies-16-07547" class="html-bibr">25</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1996-1073/16/22/7547'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-16-07547/article_deploy/html/images/energies-16-07547-g007-550.jpg?1699845488" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Additional fault network of short-circuit fault in distribution network [<a href="#B42-energies-16-07547" class="html-bibr">42</a>,<a href="#B43-energies-16-07547" class="html-bibr">43</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1996-1073/16/22/7547'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-16-07547/article_deploy/html/images/energies-16-07547-g008-550.jpg?1699845489" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>Additional fault network of distribution network with line break fault [<a href="#B26-energies-16-07547" class="html-bibr">26</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1996-1073/16/22/7547'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-16-07547/article_deploy/html/images/energies-16-07547-g009-550.jpg?1699845490" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>Distribution network line break fault with one side of the additional ground fault network [<a href="#B25-energies-16-07547" class="html-bibr">25</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1996-1073/16/22/7547'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-16-07547/article_deploy/html/images/energies-16-07547-g010-550.jpg?1699845492" title=" <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/> <p>Flow chart of pilot protection for active distribution network based on fault component coefficient.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1996-1073/16/22/7547'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-16-07547/article_deploy/html/images/energies-16-07547-g011-550.jpg?1699845494" title=" <strong>Figure 11</strong><br/> <p>A 10 kV distribution line simulation model.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1996-1073/16/22/7547'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-16-07547/article_deploy/html/images/energies-16-07547-g012-550.jpg?1699845494" title=" <strong>Figure 12</strong><br/> <p>Variation of fault component coefficient <span class="html-italic">K<sub>max</sub></span> of <span class="html-italic">K</span><sub>3</sub>–<span class="html-italic">K</span><sub>4</sub> in two-phase short-circuit fault section, <span class="html-italic">d</span> = 0.5.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1996-1073/16/22/7547'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-16-07547/article_deploy/html/images/energies-16-07547-g013-550.jpg?1699845495" title=" <strong>Figure 13</strong><br/> <p>Variation of fault component coefficient <span class="html-italic">K<sub>max</sub></span> of non-fault section <span class="html-italic">K</span><sub>1</sub>–<span class="html-italic">K</span><sub>2</sub>, <span class="html-italic">d</span> = 0.5.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1996-1073/16/22/7547'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-16-07547/article_deploy/html/images/energies-16-07547-g014-550.jpg?1699845496" title=" <strong>Figure 14</strong><br/> <p>Variation of the fault component coefficient <span class="html-italic">K<sub>max</sub></span> of <span class="html-italic">K</span><sub>3</sub>–<span class="html-italic">K</span><sub>4</sub> in the single-phase line break fault section, <span class="html-italic">d</span> = 0.5.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1996-1073/16/22/7547'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-16-07547/article_deploy/html/images/energies-16-07547-g015-550.jpg?1699845496" title=" <strong>Figure 15</strong><br/> <p>Variation of fault component coefficient <span class="html-italic">K<sub>max</sub></span> of non-fault section <span class="html-italic">K</span><sub>1</sub>–<span class="html-italic">K</span><sub>2</sub>, <span class="html-italic">d</span> = 0.5.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1996-1073/16/22/7547'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-16-07547/article_deploy/html/images/energies-16-07547-g016-550.jpg?1699845497" title=" <strong>Figure 16</strong><br/> <p>Variation of the fault component coefficient <span class="html-italic">K<sub>max</sub></span> of <span class="html-italic">K</span><sub>3</sub>–<span class="html-italic">K</span><sub>4</sub> in the three-phase short-circuit fault section, <span class="html-italic">d</span> = 0.5.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1996-1073/16/22/7547'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-16-07547/article_deploy/html/images/energies-16-07547-g017-550.jpg?1699845498" title=" <strong>Figure 17</strong><br/> <p>Variation of fault component coefficient values of non-fault section <span class="html-italic">K</span><sub>1</sub>–<span class="html-italic">K</span><sub>2</sub>, <span class="html-italic">d</span> = 0.5.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1996-1073/16/22/7547'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-16-07547/article_deploy/html/images/energies-16-07547-g018-550.jpg?1699845500" title=" <strong>Figure 18</strong><br/> <p>Variation of fault component coefficient <span class="html-italic">K<sub>max</sub></span> of <span class="html-italic">K</span><sub>3</sub>–<span class="html-italic">K</span><sub>4</sub> in single-phase line break fault section, <span class="html-italic">d</span> = 0.5.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1996-1073/16/22/7547'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-16-07547/article_deploy/html/images/energies-16-07547-g019-550.jpg?1699845500" title=" <strong>Figure 19</strong><br/> <p>Variation of the fault component coefficient <span class="html-italic">K<sub>max</sub></span> of <span class="html-italic">K</span><sub>3</sub>–<span class="html-italic">K</span><sub>4</sub> in the two-phase ground short-circuit fault section, <span class="html-italic">d</span> = 0.5.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1996-1073/16/22/7547'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/energies/energies-16-07547/article_deploy/html/images/energies-16-07547-g020-550.jpg?1699845501" title=" <strong>Figure 20</strong><br/> <p>Variation of fault component coefficient <span class="html-italic">K<sub>max</sub></span> of <span class="html-italic">K</span><sub>3</sub>–<span class="html-italic">K</span><sub>4</sub> in two-phase short-circuit fault section.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1996-1073/16/22/7547'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="row footer"> <div class="listing-select-options"> <div class="columns small-12"> <div class="select generic-item"> <a href="#" class="export-options-show export-element export-expanded"> Show 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Energies | Special Issue : Progress and Challenges in Power and Smart Grid