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href="#Ii"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Ii</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ii-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Jj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Kk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ll" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ll"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Ll</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ll-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Mm</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Nn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Oo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pp" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pp"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Pp</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pp-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Qq" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Qq"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>Qq</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Qq-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rr" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rr"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>Rr</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rr-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ss" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ss"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20</span> <span>Ss</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ss-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">21</span> 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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">25</span> <span>Xx</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Xx-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">26</span> <span>Yy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">27</span> <span>Zz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">28</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Latin_letters_used_in_mathematics,_science,_and_engineering" title="Special:EditPage/Latin letters used in mathematics, science, and engineering">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Latin+letters+used+in+mathematics%2C+science%2C+and+engineering%22">"Latin letters used in mathematics, science, and engineering"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Latin+letters+used+in+mathematics%2C+science%2C+and+engineering%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Latin+letters+used+in+mathematics%2C+science%2C+and+engineering%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Latin+letters+used+in+mathematics%2C+science%2C+and+engineering%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Latin+letters+used+in+mathematics%2C+science%2C+and+engineering%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Latin+letters+used+in+mathematics%2C+science%2C+and+engineering%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Many letters of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a>, both capital and small, are used in <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a> to denote by convention specific or abstracted constants, variables of a certain type, units, multipliers, or physical entities. Certain letters, when combined with special formatting, take on special meaning. </p><p>Below is an alphabetical list of the letters of the alphabet with some of their uses. The field in which the convention applies is mathematics unless otherwise noted. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Typographical_variation">Typographical variation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_letters_used_in_mathematics,_science,_and_engineering&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Typographical variation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some common conventions: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intensive_quantity" class="mw-redirect" title="Intensive quantity">Intensive quantities</a> in <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a> are usually denoted with <a href="/wiki/Lower_case" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower case">minuscules</a><br />while <a href="/wiki/Extensive_quantity" class="mw-redirect" title="Extensive quantity">extensive</a> are denoted with <a href="/wiki/Capital_letter" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital letter">capital letters</a>.</li> <li>Most symbols are written in <a href="/wiki/Italic_type" title="Italic type">italics</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vector_(geometry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vector (geometry)">Vectors</a> can be denoted in <a href="/wiki/Boldface" class="mw-redirect" title="Boldface">boldface</a>.</li> <li>Sets of <a href="/wiki/Number" title="Number">numbers</a> are typically bold or <a href="/wiki/Blackboard_bold" title="Blackboard bold">blackboard bold</a>.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Typographical variations of Latin letters in Unicode </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Sub-type </th> <th>Alphabet </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Blackboard_bold_letters_used_in_mathematics" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackboard bold letters used in mathematics">Double-struck</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;">Mathematical </td> <td>𝔸 𝔹 ℂ 𝔻 𝔼 𝔽 𝔾 ℍ 𝕀 𝕁 𝕂 𝕃 𝕄 ℕ 𝕆 ℙ ℚ ℝ 𝕊 𝕋 𝕌 𝕍 𝕎 𝕏 𝕐 ℤ </td></tr> <tr> <td>𝕒 𝕓 𝕔 𝕕 𝕖 𝕗 𝕘 𝕙 𝕚 𝕛 𝕜 𝕝 𝕞 𝕟 𝕠 𝕡 𝕢 𝕣 𝕤 𝕥 𝕦 𝕧 𝕨 𝕩 𝕪 𝕫 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">Italic </td> <td>ⅆ ⅇ ⅈ ⅉ ⅅ </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4" style="text-align: center;">Script/Calligraphy </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;">Mathematical </td> <td>𝒜 ℬ 𝒞 𝒟 ℰ ℱ 𝒢 ℋ ℐ 𝒥 𝒦 ℒ ℳ 𝒩 𝒪 𝒫 𝒬 ℛ 𝒮 𝒯 𝒰 𝒱 𝒲 𝒳 𝒴 𝒵 </td></tr> <tr> <td>𝒶 𝒷 𝒸 𝒹 ℯ 𝒻 ℊ 𝒽 𝒾 𝒿 𝓀 𝓁 𝓂 𝓃 ℴ 𝓅 𝓆 𝓇 𝓈 𝓉 𝓊 𝓋 𝓌 𝓍 𝓎 𝓏 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;">Mathematical Bold </td> <td>𝓐 𝓑 𝓒 𝓓 𝓔 𝓕 𝓖 𝓗 𝓘 𝓙 𝓚 𝓛 𝓜 𝓝 𝓞 𝓟 𝓠 𝓡 𝓢 𝓣 𝓤 𝓥 𝓦 𝓧 𝓨 𝓩 </td></tr> <tr> <td>𝓪 𝓫 𝓬 𝓭 𝓮 𝓯 𝓰 𝓱 𝓲 𝓳 𝓴 𝓵 𝓶 𝓷 𝓸 𝓹 𝓺 𝓻 𝓼 𝓽 𝓾 𝓿 𝔀 𝔁 𝔂 𝔃 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4" style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Fraktur" title="Fraktur">Fraktur</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;">Mathematical </td> <td>𝔄 𝔅 ℭ 𝔇 𝔈 𝔉 𝔊 ℌ ℑ 𝔍 𝔎 𝔏 𝔐 𝔑 𝔒 𝔓 𝔔 ℜ 𝔖 𝔗 𝔘 𝔙 𝔚 𝔛 𝔜 ℨ </td></tr> <tr> <td>𝔞 𝔟 𝔠 𝔡 𝔢 𝔣 𝔤 𝔥 𝔦 𝔧 𝔨 𝔩 𝔪 𝔫 𝔬 𝔭 𝔮 𝔯 𝔰 𝔱 𝔲 𝔳 𝔴 𝔵 𝔶 𝔷 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;">Mathematical Bold </td> <td>𝕬 𝕭 𝕮 𝕯 𝕰 𝕱 𝕲 𝕳 𝕴 𝕵 𝕶 𝕷 𝕸 𝕹 𝕺 𝕻 𝕼 𝕽 𝕾 𝕿 𝖀 𝖁 𝖂 𝖃 𝖄 𝖅 </td></tr> <tr> <td>𝖆 𝖇 𝖈 𝖉 𝖊 𝖋 𝖌 𝖍 𝖎 𝖏𝖐 𝖑 𝖒 𝖓 𝖔 𝖕 𝖖 𝖗 𝖘 𝖙 𝖚 𝖛 𝖜 𝖝 𝖞 𝖟 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;">Mono-space </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;">Mathematical </td> <td>𝙰 𝙱 𝙲 𝙳 𝙴 𝙵 𝙶 𝙷 𝙸 𝙹 𝙺 𝙻 𝙼 𝙽 𝙾 𝙿 𝚀 𝚁 𝚂 𝚃 𝚄 𝚅 𝚆 𝚇 𝚈 𝚉 </td></tr> <tr> <td>𝚊 𝚋 𝚌 𝚍 𝚎 𝚏 𝚐 𝚑 𝚒 𝚓 𝚔 𝚕 𝚖 𝚗 𝚘 𝚙 𝚚 𝚛 𝚜 𝚝 𝚞 𝚟 𝚠 𝚡 𝚢 𝚣 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aa">Aa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_letters_used_in_mathematics,_science,_and_engineering&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Aa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>A represents: <ul><li>the first point of a <a href="/wiki/Triangle" title="Triangle">triangle</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the digit "ten" in <a href="/wiki/Hexadecimal" title="Hexadecimal">hexadecimal</a><sup id="cite_ref-:3_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and other positional numeral systems with a radix of 11 or greater<sup id="cite_ref-:4_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the unit <a href="/wiki/Ampere" title="Ampere">ampere</a> for electric current in <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Area" title="Area">area</a> of a figure<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Mass_number" title="Mass number">mass number</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mass_number" title="Mass number">nucleon number</a> of an element in <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Helmholtz_free_energy" title="Helmholtz free energy">Helmholtz free energy</a> of a closed thermodynamic system of constant pressure and temperature<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>a <a href="/wiki/Vector_potential" title="Vector potential">vector potential</a>, in electromagnetics it can refer to the <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_vector_potential" title="Magnetic vector potential">magnetic vector potential</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>with a subscript, an <a href="/wiki/Alternating_group" title="Alternating group">alternating group</a> on that many objects</li> <li>an <a href="/wiki/Abelian_group" title="Abelian group">Abelian group</a> in abstract algebra</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Glaisher%E2%80%93Kinkelin_constant" title="Glaisher–Kinkelin constant">Glaisher–Kinkelin constant</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_Weight" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic Weight">atomic weight</a>, denoted by <i>A</i><sub>r</sub> <sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work_(physics)" title="Work (physics)">work</a> in <a href="/wiki/Classical_mechanics" title="Classical mechanics">classical mechanics</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Pre-exponential_factor" title="Pre-exponential factor">pre-exponential factor</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the <a href="/wiki/Arrhenius_equation" title="Arrhenius equation">Arrhenius Equation</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electron_affinity" title="Electron affinity">electron affinity</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {A} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">A</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {A} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3fb423c16a5f403edbaf66438b75e7a36e725af6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.678ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {A} }"></span> represents the <a href="/wiki/Algebraic_numbers" class="mw-redirect" title="Algebraic numbers">algebraic numbers</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or affine space in <a href="/wiki/Algebraic_Geometry" class="mw-redirect" title="Algebraic Geometry">algebraic geometry</a>. <ul><li>A <a href="/wiki/Blood_type" title="Blood type">blood type</a></li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Spectral_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Spectral type">spectral type</a></li></ul></li> <li>a represents: <ul><li>the first side of a triangle (opposite point A)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Scale_factor_(Universe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scale factor (Universe)">scale factor</a> of the expanding universe in <a href="/wiki/Cosmology" title="Cosmology">cosmology</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Acceleration" title="Acceleration">acceleration</a> in <a href="/wiki/Equations_of_motion" title="Equations of motion">mechanics equations</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the first constant in a <a href="/wiki/Linear_equation" title="Linear equation">linear equation</a></li> <li>a constant in a <a href="/wiki/Polynomial" title="Polynomial">polynomial</a></li> <li>the unit <a href="/wiki/Hectare#Are" title="Hectare">are</a> for area (100 m<sup>2</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-:2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the unit prefix <a href="/wiki/Atto-" class="mw-redirect" title="Atto-">atto</a> (10<sup>−18</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the first term in a <a href="/wiki/Sequence" title="Sequence">sequence</a> or <a href="/wiki/Series_(mathematics)" title="Series (mathematics)">series</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reflectance" title="Reflectance">Reflectance</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bb">Bb</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_letters_used_in_mathematics,_science,_and_engineering&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Bb"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>B represents: <ul><li>the digit "11" in <a href="/wiki/Hexadecimal" title="Hexadecimal">hexadecimal</a><sup id="cite_ref-:3_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and other positional numeral systems with a radix of 12 or greater<sup id="cite_ref-:4_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the second point of a triangle<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>a <a href="/wiki/Ball_(mathematics)" title="Ball (mathematics)">ball</a> (also denoted by ℬ (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {B}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">B</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {B}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e5622de88a69f68340f8dcb43d0b8bd443ba9e13" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.543ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {B}}}"></span>) or <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {B} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">B</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {B} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/12f0c20e9335038ffebc3536dc301978226675a3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.55ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {B} }"></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>a <a href="/wiki/Basis_(linear_algebra)" title="Basis (linear algebra)">basis</a> of a vector space or of a <a href="/wiki/Filter_(mathematics)" title="Filter (mathematics)">filter</a> (both also denoted by ℬ (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {B}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">B</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {B}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e5622de88a69f68340f8dcb43d0b8bd443ba9e13" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.543ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {B}}}"></span>))</li> <li>in econometrics and time-series statistics it is often used for the backshift or <a href="/wiki/Lag_operator" title="Lag operator">lag operator</a>, the formal parameter of the lag polynomial</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_field" title="Magnetic field">magnetic field</a>, denoted <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\textbf {B}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext mathvariant="bold">B</mtext> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\textbf {B}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d80f2e190225b2ee69c02959097a768cb63ee18f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.901ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\textbf {B}}}"></span> or <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {B}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>B</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {B}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/83ae7d80cab55b606de217162280b2279142bbb4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {B}}}"></span></li></ul></li> <li><i>B</i> with various <a href="/wiki/Subscript" class="mw-redirect" title="Subscript">subscripts</a> represents several variations of <a href="/wiki/Brun%27s_constant" class="mw-redirect" title="Brun's constant">Brun's constant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Betti_number" title="Betti number">Betti numbers</a>; it can also be used to mean the <a href="/wiki/Bernoulli_number" title="Bernoulli number">Bernoulli numbers</a>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B_meson" title="B meson">B meson</a></li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Blood_type" title="Blood type">blood type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">Boron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buoyancy" title="Buoyancy">Buoyancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulk_modulus" title="Bulk modulus">Bulk modulus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luminance" title="Luminance">Luminance</a></li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Spectral_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Spectral type">spectral type</a></li></ul></li> <li>b represents: <ul><li>the second side of a triangle (opposite point B)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Impact_parameter" title="Impact parameter">impact parameter</a> in nuclear <a href="/wiki/Scattering" title="Scattering">scattering</a></li> <li>the second constant in a <a href="/wiki/Linear_equation" title="Linear equation">linear equation</a></li> <li>usually with an index, sometimes with an arrow over it, a <a href="/wiki/Basis_vector" class="mw-redirect" title="Basis vector">basis vector</a></li> <li>a <a href="/wiki/Breadth" class="mw-redirect" title="Breadth">breadth</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Molality" title="Molality">molality</a> of a solution<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Model" title="Standard Model">Bottom quark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barn_(unit)" title="Barn (unit)">Barn</a> (<span class="texhtml">10<sup>−24</sup></span> cm<span class="texhtml"><sup>2</sup></span>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cc">Cc</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_letters_used_in_mathematics,_science,_and_engineering&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Cc"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>C represents: <ul><li>the third point of a triangle</li> <li>the digit "12" in <a href="/wiki/Hexadecimal" title="Hexadecimal">hexadecimal</a> and other positional numeral systems with a radix of 13 or greater</li> <li>the unit <a href="/wiki/Coulomb" title="Coulomb">coulomb</a> of electrical charge<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capacitance" title="Capacitance">capacitance</a> in electrical theory</li> <li>with indices denoting the number of combinations, a binomial coefficient</li> <li>together with a degree symbol (°), the <a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">Celsius</a> measurement of temperature = °C<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Circumference" title="Circumference">circumference</a> of a circle or other closed curve</li> <li>with a subscript, a <a href="/wiki/Cycle_(graph_theory)" title="Cycle (graph theory)">cycle</a> on that many vertices</li> <li>with a subscript, a <a href="/wiki/Cyclic_group" title="Cyclic group">cyclic group</a> of that order</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Complement_(set_theory)" title="Complement (set theory)">complement</a> of a set (lowercase <i>c</i> and the symbol ∁ are also used)</li> <li>an arbitrary <a href="/wiki/Category_(mathematics)" title="Category (mathematics)">category</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Number_concentration" class="mw-redirect" title="Number concentration">number concentration</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">Carbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_capacity" title="Heat capacity">Heat capacity</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C programming language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunningham_correction_factor" title="Cunningham correction factor">Cunningham correction factor</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {C} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {C} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f9add4085095b9b6d28d045fd9c92c2c09f549a7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.678ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {C} }"></span> represents the <a href="/wiki/Set_(mathematics)" title="Set (mathematics)">set</a> of <a href="/wiki/Complex_numbers" class="mw-redirect" title="Complex numbers">complex numbers</a>.</li> <li>A vertically elongated C with an integer subscript n sometimes denotes the n-th coefficient of a formal <a href="/wiki/Power_series" title="Power series">power series</a>.</li> <li>c represents: <ul><li>the unit prefix <a href="/wiki/Centi-" title="Centi-">centi</a> (10<sup>−2</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Amount_concentration" class="mw-redirect" title="Amount concentration">amount concentration</a> in chemistry<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Speed_of_light" title="Speed of light">speed of light</a> in vacuum<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the third side of a triangle (opposite corner C)</li></ul></li> <li>Lowercase <a href="/wiki/Fraktur" title="Fraktur">Fraktur</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {c}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">c</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {c}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b21924b960341255be18e538e51404718f29cbc0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.905ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {c}}}"></span> denotes the <a href="/wiki/Cardinality_of_the_continuum" title="Cardinality of the continuum">cardinality of the set of real numbers</a> (the "continuum"), or, equivalently, of the power set of natural numbers. <ul><li>the third constant in a <a href="/wiki/Linear_equation" title="Linear equation">linear equation</a></li> <li>a constant in a <a href="/wiki/Polynomial" title="Polynomial">polynomial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charm_quark" title="Charm quark">Charm quark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_of_sound" title="Speed of sound">Speed of sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specific_heat_capacity" title="Specific heat capacity">Specific heat capacity</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dd">Dd</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_letters_used_in_mathematics,_science,_and_engineering&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Dd"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>D represents <ul><li>the digit "13" in <a href="/wiki/Hexadecimal" title="Hexadecimal">hexadecimal</a> and other positional numeral systems with a radix of 14 or greater</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diffusion" title="Diffusion">diffusion</a> coefficient or diffusivity in dimensions of [distance<sup>2</sup>/time]</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Differential_operator" title="Differential operator">differential operator</a> in Euler's calculus notation</li> <li>with a subscript, a <a href="/wiki/Dihedral_group" title="Dihedral group">dihedral group</a> of that order or a dihedral group on a regular polygon of that many sides, depending on the convention chosen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bond-dissociation_energy" title="Bond-dissociation energy">dissociation energy</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimension" title="Dimension">Dimension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deuterium" title="Deuterium">Deuterium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_displacement" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric displacement">Electric displacement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D_meson" title="D meson">D meson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">Density</a></li></ul></li> <li>d represents <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Differential_operator" title="Differential operator">differential operator</a></li> <li>the unit day of time (86,400 s)</li> <li>the difference in an arithmetic sequence</li> <li>a metric operator/function</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Diameter" title="Diameter">diameter</a> of a circle<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the unit prefix <a href="/wiki/Deci-" title="Deci-">deci</a> (10<sup>−1</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>a <a href="/wiki/Vertical_position" title="Vertical position">thickness</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>a <a href="/wiki/Distance" title="Distance">distance</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Down_quark" title="Down quark">Down quark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infinitesimal" title="Infinitesimal">Infinitesimal</a> increment in <a href="/wiki/Calculus" title="Calculus">calculus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">Density</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ee">Ee</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_letters_used_in_mathematics,_science,_and_engineering&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ee"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>E represents: <ul><li>the digit "14" in <a href="/wiki/Hexadecimal" title="Hexadecimal">hexadecimal</a> and other positional numeral systems with a radix of 15 or greater</li> <li>an exponent in decimal numbers. For example, 1.2E3 is 1.2×10<sup>3</sup> or 1200</li> <li>the set of edges in a <a href="/wiki/Graph_(discrete_mathematics)" title="Graph (discrete mathematics)">graph</a> or <a href="/wiki/Matroid" title="Matroid">matroid</a></li> <li>the unit prefix <a href="/wiki/Exa" class="mw-redirect" title="Exa">exa</a> (10<sup>18</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy" title="Energy">energy</a> in physics<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_field" title="Electric field">electric field</a> denoted <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\textbf {E}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext mathvariant="bold">E</mtext> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\textbf {E}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0a41593a3726e80b050a197f48a73bbec432aec7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.757ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\textbf {E}}}"></span> or <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {E}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {E}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2bc18ae485a72f148e85ccbeff2b3dcdd4f5f3f7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.776ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {E}}}"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electromotive_force" title="Electromotive force">electromotive force</a> (denoted <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {E}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">E</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {E}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9c298ed828ff778065aeb5f0f305097f55bb9ae0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.311ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {E}}}"></span> and measured in <a href="/wiki/Volts" class="mw-redirect" title="Volts">volts</a>), refers to <a href="/wiki/Voltage" title="Voltage">voltage</a></li> <li>an <a href="/wiki/Event_(probability_theory)" title="Event (probability theory)">event</a> (as in P(<b>E</b>), which reads "the probability P of event <b>E</b> occurring")</li> <li>in statistics, the <a href="/wiki/Expected_value" title="Expected value">expected value</a> of a random variable, sometimes as <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {E} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">E</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {E} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ad9faf1fd4a61d36d7f8a2f3204f3805a43c0d4a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.55ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {E} }"></span></li> <li><i>E</i><sub>k</sub> represents <a href="/wiki/Kinetic_energy" title="Kinetic energy">kinetic energy</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>(</i>Arrhenius) <a href="/wiki/Activation_energy" title="Activation energy">activation energy</a>, denoted <i>E</i><sub>a</sub> or <i>E</i><sub>A</sub><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionization_energy" title="Ionization energy">ionization energy</a>, denoted <i>E</i><sub>i</sub><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electron_affinity" title="Electron affinity">electron affinity</a>, denoted <i>E</i><sub>ea</sub><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bond-dissociation_energy" title="Bond-dissociation energy">dissociation energy</a>, denoted <i>E</i><sub>d</sub><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>e represents: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)" title="E (mathematical constant)">Euler's number</a>, a transcendental number equal to 2.71828182845... which is used as the base for natural logarithms</li> <li>a vector of unit length, especially in the direction of one of the coordinates axes</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Elementary_charge" title="Elementary charge">elementary charge</a> in <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a></li> <li>an <a href="/wiki/Electron" title="Electron">electron</a>, usually denoted e<sup>−</sup> to distinguish against a <a href="/wiki/Positron" title="Positron">positron</a> e<sup>+</sup></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Eccentricity_(geometry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eccentricity (geometry)">eccentricity</a> of a conic section</li> <li>the identity element in a <a href="/wiki/Group_(mathematics)" title="Group (mathematics)">group</a></li> <li>In a <a href="/wiki/Cartesian_coordinate_system" title="Cartesian coordinate system">cartesian coordinate system</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Unit_vector" title="Unit vector">unit vector</a> in notations like <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (\mathbf {\hat {e}} _{x},\mathbf {\hat {e}} _{y},\mathbf {\hat {e}} _{z})}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi mathvariant="bold">e</mi> <mo mathvariant="bold" stretchy="false">^</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi mathvariant="bold">e</mi> <mo mathvariant="bold" stretchy="false">^</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>y</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi mathvariant="bold">e</mi> <mo mathvariant="bold" stretchy="false">^</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>z</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (\mathbf {\hat {e}} _{x},\mathbf {\hat {e}} _{y},\mathbf {\hat {e}} _{z})}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ccc2f8f1c72a0b3a5e0bfa0ee93a19356102c4c0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:11.111ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (\mathbf {\hat {e}} _{x},\mathbf {\hat {e}} _{y},\mathbf {\hat {e}} _{z})}"></span>, or <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (\mathbf {\hat {e}} _{1},\mathbf {\hat {e}} _{2},\mathbf {\hat {e}} _{3})}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi mathvariant="bold">e</mi> <mo mathvariant="bold" stretchy="false">^</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi mathvariant="bold">e</mi> <mo mathvariant="bold" stretchy="false">^</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi mathvariant="bold">e</mi> <mo mathvariant="bold" stretchy="false">^</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (\mathbf {\hat {e}} _{1},\mathbf {\hat {e}} _{2},\mathbf {\hat {e}} _{3})}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d551600201fd4496350a4f7fd7b8e0909accbbc0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:11.05ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (\mathbf {\hat {e}} _{1},\mathbf {\hat {e}} _{2},\mathbf {\hat {e}} _{3})}"></span></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ff">Ff</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_letters_used_in_mathematics,_science,_and_engineering&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ff"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>F represents <ul><li>the digit "15" in <a href="/wiki/Hexadecimal" title="Hexadecimal">hexadecimal</a> and other positional numeral systems with a radix of 16 or greater</li> <li>the unit <a href="/wiki/Farad" title="Farad">farad</a> of electrical capacity<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Helmholtz_free_energy" title="Helmholtz free energy">Helmholtz free energy</a> of a closed thermodynamic system of constant pressure and temperature</li> <li>together with a degree symbol (°) represents the <a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit">Fahrenheit</a> measurement of temperature = °F</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorine" title="Fluorine">Fluorine</a></li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Spectral_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Spectral type">spectral type</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>F</i> represents <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Force" title="Force">force</a> in mechanics equations<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><sub>p</sub>F<sub>q</sub></i> is a <a href="/wiki/Hypergeometric_series" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypergeometric series">hypergeometric series</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Probability_distribution" title="Probability distribution">probability distribution</a> <a href="/wiki/Function_(mathematics)" title="Function (mathematics)">function</a> in <a href="/wiki/Statistics" title="Statistics">statistics</a></li> <li>a <a href="/wiki/Fibonacci_number" class="mw-redirect" title="Fibonacci number">Fibonacci number</a></li> <li>an arbitrary <a href="/wiki/Functor_(category_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Functor (category theory)">functor</a></li> <li>a <a href="/wiki/Field_(mathematics)" title="Field (mathematics)">field</a></li> <li>an <a href="/wiki/Event_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Event space">event space</a> sigma algebra as part of a probability space, often as <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">F</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/205d4b91000d9dcf1a5bbabdfa6a8395fa60b676" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.927ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}}"></span></li></ul></li> <li>f represents: <ul><li>the unit prefix <a href="/wiki/Femto" class="mw-redirect" title="Femto">femto</a> (10<sup>−15</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><i>f</i> represents: <ul><li>the generic designation of a <a href="/wiki/Function_(mathematics)" title="Function (mathematics)">function</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friction" title="Friction">Friction</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gg">Gg</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_letters_used_in_mathematics,_science,_and_engineering&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Gg"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>G represents <ul><li>an arbitrary <a href="/wiki/Graph_(discrete_mathematics)" title="Graph (discrete mathematics)">graph</a>, as in: <i>G</i>(<i>V</i>,<i>E</i>)</li> <li>an arbitrary <a href="/wiki/Group_(mathematics)" title="Group (mathematics)">group</a></li> <li>the unit prefix <a href="/wiki/Giga" class="mw-redirect" title="Giga">giga</a> (10<sup>9</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Newtonian_constant_of_gravitation" class="mw-redirect" title="Newtonian constant of gravitation">Newtonian constant of gravitation</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Einstein_tensor" title="Einstein tensor">Einstein tensor</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Gibbs_energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibbs energy">Gibbs energy</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Centroid" title="Centroid">centroid</a> of a triangle</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan%27s_constant" title="Catalan's constant">Catalan's constant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weight" title="Weight">weight</a> measured in <a href="/wiki/Newton_(unit)" title="Newton (unit)">newtons</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green%27s_function" title="Green's function">Green's function</a></li> <li>a <a href="/wiki/Spectral_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Spectral type">spectral type</a></li></ul></li> <li>g represents: <ul><li>the generic designation of a second function</li> <li>the acceleration due to <a href="/wiki/Free_fall" title="Free fall">gravity on Earth</a></li> <li>a unit of mass, the <a href="/wiki/Gramme" class="mw-redirect" title="Gramme">gramme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitational_field" title="Gravitational field">Gravitational field</a>, denoted <b>g</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metric_tensor_(general_relativity)" title="Metric tensor (general relativity)">Metric tensor (general relativity)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon">Gluon</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hh">Hh</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_letters_used_in_mathematics,_science,_and_engineering&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Hh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>H represents: <ul><li>an arbitrary subgraph</li> <li>an arbitrary subgroup</li> <li>a <a href="/wiki/Hilbert_space" title="Hilbert space">Hilbert space</a></li> <li>the unit <a href="/wiki/Henry_(unit)" title="Henry (unit)">henry</a> of magnetic inductance<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Homology_(mathematics)" title="Homology (mathematics)">homology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cohomology" title="Cohomology">cohomology</a> <a href="/wiki/Functor" title="Functor">functor</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Enthalpy" title="Enthalpy">enthalpy</a></li> <li>the (Shannon) <a href="/wiki/Entropy_(information_theory)" title="Entropy (information theory)">entropy of information</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Orthocenter" title="Orthocenter">orthocenter</a> of a triangle</li> <li>a partial sum of the <a href="/wiki/Harmonic_series_(mathematics)" title="Harmonic series (mathematics)">harmonic series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_magnetic_field" class="mw-redirect" title="Auxiliary magnetic field">Auxiliary magnetic field</a>, denoted <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {H}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">H</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {H}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/73c9e11c17393610f4fc50c817c929d95349fa7a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.386ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {H}}}"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamiltonian_(quantum_mechanics)" title="Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics)">Hamiltonian in quantum mechanics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hankel_function" class="mw-redirect" title="Hankel function">Hankel function</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heaviside_step_function" title="Heaviside step function">Heaviside step function</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higgs_boson" title="Higgs boson">Higgs boson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">Hydrogen</a></li> <li>Set of <a href="/wiki/Quaternion" title="Quaternion">quaternions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hat_matrix" class="mw-redirect" title="Hat matrix">Hat matrix</a></li></ul></li> <li>H<sub>0</sub> is either the <a href="/wiki/Hubble_constant" class="mw-redirect" title="Hubble constant">Hubble constant</a>; or the <a href="/wiki/Dimensionless_Hubble_parameter" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimensionless Hubble parameter">Dimensionless Hubble parameter</a> of (100 h km·<a href="/wiki/Second" title="Second">s</a><sup>−1</sup>·<a href="/wiki/Megaparsec" class="mw-redirect" title="Megaparsec">Mpc</a><sup>−1</sup>, with h being the associated error.</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {H} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">H</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {H} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e050965453c42bcc6bd544546703c836bdafeac9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.808ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {H} }"></span> represents the <a href="/wiki/Quaternion" title="Quaternion">quaternions</a> (after <a href="/wiki/William_Rowan_Hamilton" title="William Rowan Hamilton">William Rowan Hamilton</a>).</li> <li>ΔH<sup>‡</sup> represents the standard <a href="/w/index.php?title=Enthalpy_of_activation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enthalpy of activation (page does not exist)">enthalpy of activation</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the <a href="/wiki/Eyring_equation" title="Eyring equation">Eyring equation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>ℋ (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {H}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">H</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {H}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/19ef4c7b923a5125ac91aa491838a95ee15b804f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.964ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {H}}}"></span>) represents the Hamiltonian in <a href="/wiki/Hamiltonian_mechanics" title="Hamiltonian mechanics">Hamiltonian mechanics</a>.</li> <li>h represents: <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Class_number_(number_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Class number (number theory)">class number</a> in <a href="/wiki/Algebraic_number_theory" title="Algebraic number theory">algebraic number theory</a></li> <li>a small increment in the argument of a function</li> <li>the unit <a href="/wiki/Hour" title="Hour">hour</a> for <a href="/wiki/Time" title="Time">time</a> (3600 s)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Planck_constant" title="Planck constant">Planck constant</a> (6.626 069(57)× 10<sup>−34</sup> J·s)</li> <li>the unit prefix <a href="/wiki/Hecto" class="mw-redirect" title="Hecto">hecto</a> (10<sup>2</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the generic designation of a third function</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Altitude_(geometry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Altitude (geometry)">altitude</a> of a triangle</li> <li>a <a href="/wiki/Height" title="Height">height</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spherical_Hankel_function" class="mw-redirect" title="Spherical Hankel function">Spherical Hankel function</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ii">Ii</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_letters_used_in_mathematics,_science,_and_engineering&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ii"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>I represents: <ul><li>the closed unit interval, which contains all real numbers from 0 to 1, inclusive</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Identity_matrix" title="Identity matrix">identity matrix</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Irradiance" title="Irradiance">Irradiance</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Moment_of_inertia" title="Moment of inertia">moment of inertia</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intensity_(physics)" title="Intensity (physics)">intensity</a> in physics, typically the vector field <b>I</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luminous_intensity" title="Luminous intensity">Luminous intensity</a>, typically <i>I<sub>v</sub></i></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Incenter" title="Incenter">incenter</a> of a triangle</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Electric_current" title="Electric current">electric current</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionization_energy" title="Ionization energy">ionization energy</a>, denoted I<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><i>I</i> represents: <ul><li>the index of an <a href="/wiki/Indexed_family" title="Indexed family">indexed family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">Iodine</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>i represents: <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Imaginary_number" title="Imaginary number">imaginary unit</a>, a complex number that is the square root of −1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaternion" title="Quaternion">Imaginary quaternion unit</a></li> <li>a subscript to denote the <i>i</i>th term (that is, a general term or index) in a sequence or list</li> <li>the index to the elements of a vector, written as a subscript after the vector name</li> <li>the index to the rows of a <a href="/wiki/Matrix_(mathematics)" title="Matrix (mathematics)">matrix</a>, written as the first subscript after the matrix name</li> <li>an index of summation using the <a href="/wiki/Summation#Capital-sigma_notation" title="Summation">sigma notation</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Unit_vector#Cartesian_coordinates" title="Unit vector">unit vector</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cartesian_coordinates" class="mw-redirect" title="Cartesian coordinates">Cartesian coordinates</a> going in the x-direction, usually bold <i><b>i</b></i></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jj">Jj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_letters_used_in_mathematics,_science,_and_engineering&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Jj"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>J represents: <ul><li>the unit <a href="/wiki/Joule" title="Joule">joule</a> of energy<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Current_density" title="Current density">current density</a> in <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetism" title="Electromagnetism">electromagnetism</a> denoted <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {J}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">J</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {J}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0ffa71fbcfb1897fc9442ba0e97dbc768cc8ebde" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.613ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {J}}}"></span><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Radiosity_(radiometry)" title="Radiosity (radiometry)">radiosity</a> in thermal mechanics</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Moment_of_inertia" title="Moment of inertia">moment of inertia</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_angular_momentum_quantum_number" title="Total angular momentum quantum number">Total angular momentum quantum number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessel_function" title="Bessel function">Bessel function</a> of the first kind</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impulse_(physics)" title="Impulse (physics)">Impulse</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>J</i> represents: <ul><li>the scheme of a <a href="/wiki/Diagram_(category_theory)" title="Diagram (category theory)">diagram</a> in category theory</li></ul></li> <li>j represents: <ul><li>the index to the columns of a <a href="/wiki/Matrix_(mathematics)" title="Matrix (mathematics)">matrix</a>, written as the second subscript after the matrix name</li> <li>in <a href="/wiki/Electrical_engineering" title="Electrical engineering">electrical engineering</a>, the square root of −1, instead of i</li> <li>in <a href="/wiki/Electrical_engineering" title="Electrical engineering">electrical engineering</a>, the principal cube root of 1: <small><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle -{\frac {1}{2}}+{\frac {1}{2}}i{\sqrt {3}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mn>3</mn> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle -{\frac {1}{2}}+{\frac {1}{2}}i{\sqrt {3}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0d07398382ff18e3b56ba7a12176cbaeb5b77448" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:12.546ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle -{\frac {1}{2}}+{\frac {1}{2}}i{\sqrt {3}}}"></span></small></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Unit_vector#Cartesian_coordinates" title="Unit vector">unit vector</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cartesian_coordinates" class="mw-redirect" title="Cartesian coordinates">Cartesian coordinates</a> going in the y-direction, usually bold <i><b>j</b></i></li> <li>Electrical <a href="/wiki/Current_density" title="Current density">current density</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spherical_Bessel_function" class="mw-redirect" title="Spherical Bessel function">Spherical Bessel function</a> of the first kind</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imaginary_unit" title="Imaginary unit">Imaginary unit</a> in electrical engineering (where <i>i</i> represents current)</li> <li>Unit vector for the second imaginary dimension in the <a href="/wiki/Quaternion" title="Quaternion">quaternion</a> number system (bold <b>j</b>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kk">Kk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_letters_used_in_mathematics,_science,_and_engineering&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Kk"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>K represents: <ul><li>the temperature unit <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">kelvin</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Functor" title="Functor">functors</a> of <a href="/wiki/K_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="K theory">K-theory</a></li> <li>an unspecified (real) constant</li> <li>a <a href="/wiki/Field_(mathematics)" title="Field (mathematics)">field</a> in algebra</li> <li>with a subscript, a <a href="/wiki/Complete_graph" title="Complete graph">complete graph</a> on that many vertices</li> <li>the area of a <a href="/wiki/Polygon" title="Polygon">polygon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinetic_energy" title="Kinetic energy">kinetic energy</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaon" title="Kaon">Kaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">Potassium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectional_curvature" title="Sectional curvature">Sectional curvature</a></li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Spectral_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Spectral type">spectral type</a></li></ul></li> <li>k represents <ul><li>the unit prefix <a href="/wiki/Kilo-" title="Kilo-">kilo-</a> (10<sup>3</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Boltzmann_constant" title="Boltzmann constant">Boltzmann constant</a>, often represented as k<sub>B</sub> to avoid confusion</li> <li>the angular <a href="/wiki/Wavenumber" title="Wavenumber">wavenumber</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Wave_equation" title="Wave equation">wave equation</a>, the magnitude of the <a href="/wiki/Wave_vector" title="Wave vector">wave vector</a> <b>k</b></li> <li>an <a href="/wiki/Integer" title="Integer">integer</a>, e.g. a <a href="/wiki/Bound_variable" class="mw-redirect" title="Bound variable">dummy variable</a> in <a href="/wiki/Summation" title="Summation">summations</a>, or an index of a <a href="/wiki/Matrix_(mathematics)" title="Matrix (mathematics)">matrix</a></li> <li>an unspecified (real) constant</li> <li>the spring constant of <a href="/wiki/Hooke%27s_law" title="Hooke's law">Hooke's law</a></li> <li>the spacetime <a href="/wiki/Curvature" title="Curvature">curvature</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Friedmann_equations" title="Friedmann equations">Friedmann equations</a> in cosmology</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Rate_constant" class="mw-redirect" title="Rate constant">rate constant</a> (coefficient)<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Unit_vector#Cartesian_coordinates" title="Unit vector">unit vector</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cartesian_coordinates" class="mw-redirect" title="Cartesian coordinates">Cartesian coordinates</a> going in the z-direction, usually bold <i><b>k</b></i></li> <li>Unit vector for the third dimension in the <a href="/wiki/Quaternion" title="Quaternion">quaternion</a> number system (bold <b>k</b>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unit_vector" title="Unit vector">Unit vector</a> in the z direction</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ll">Ll</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_letters_used_in_mathematics,_science,_and_engineering&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Ll"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>L represents: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Length" title="Length">length</a>, used often in quantum mechanics as the size of an <a href="/wiki/Infinite_square_well" class="mw-redirect" title="Infinite square well">infinite square well</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angular_momentum" title="Angular momentum">angular momentum</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the unit of volume the <a href="/wiki/Litre" title="Litre">litre</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Radiance" title="Radiance">radiance</a></li> <li>the space of all integrable real (or complex) functions</li> <li>the space of linear maps, as in <i>L</i>(<i>E</i>,<i>F</i>) or <i>L</i>(<i>E</i>) = <a href="/wiki/Endomorphism" title="Endomorphism">End</a>(<i>E</i>)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Likelihood_function" title="Likelihood function">likelihood function</a></li> <li>a <a href="/wiki/Formal_language" title="Formal language">formal language</a></li> <li>the operator creating a <a href="/wiki/Line_graph" title="Line graph">line graph</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Lag_operator" title="Lag operator">lag operator</a> in statistics</li> <li>a <a href="/wiki/Lucas_number" title="Lucas number">Lucas number</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Lagrange_function" class="mw-redirect" title="Lagrange function">Lagrange function</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inductance" title="Inductance">Inductance</a> in electromagnetism (measured in <a href="/wiki/Henries" class="mw-redirect" title="Henries">henries</a>)</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Spectral_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Spectral type">spectral type</a></li></ul></li> <li>l represents: <ul><li>the unit of volume the <a href="/wiki/Litre" title="Litre">litre</a> (often avoided due to confusion with the number 1 and uppercase letter I)</li> <li>the length of a side of a <a href="/wiki/Rectangle" title="Rectangle">rectangle</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Cuboid" title="Cuboid">cuboid</a> (e.g. V = lwh; A = lw)</li> <li>the last term of a sequence or series (e.g. S<sub>n</sub> = n(a+l)/2)</li> <li>the orbital <a href="/wiki/Angular_momentum_quantum_number" class="mw-redirect" title="Angular momentum quantum number">angular momentum quantum number</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>ℒ (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {L}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">L</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {L}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9027196ecb178d598958555ea01c43157d83597c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.604ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {L}}}"></span>) represents: <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Lagrangian_mechanics" title="Lagrangian mechanics">Lagrangian</a> (sometimes just L)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Particle_beam" title="Particle beam">exposure</a> (in particle physics)</li></ul></li> <li>ℓ represents: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mean_free_path" title="Mean free path">Mean free path</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mm">Mm</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_letters_used_in_mathematics,_science,_and_engineering&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Mm"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>M represents: <ul><li>a <a href="/wiki/Manifold" title="Manifold">manifold</a></li> <li>a <a href="/wiki/Metric_space" title="Metric space">metric space</a></li> <li>a <a href="/wiki/Matroid" title="Matroid">matroid</a></li> <li>the unit prefix <a href="/wiki/Mega-" title="Mega-">mega-</a> (10<sup>6</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Madelung_constant" title="Madelung constant">Madelung constant</a> for crystal structures held by <a href="/wiki/Ionic_bonding" title="Ionic bonding">ionic bonding</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Moment_of_force" class="mw-redirect" title="Moment of force">moment of force</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torque" title="Torque">Torque</a> when denoted as <a href="/wiki/Moment_(physics)" title="Moment (physics)">moment</a> of force</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">molar mass</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molar_mass_constant" title="Molar mass constant">molar mass constant</a>, denoted <i>M</i><sub>u</sub><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relative_molecular_mass" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative molecular mass">relative molecular mass</a>, denoted M<sub>r</sub> <sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetization" title="Magnetization">Magnetization</a> vector field <b>M</b></li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Spectral_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Spectral type">spectral type</a></li></ul></li> <li>m represents: <ul><li>the number of rows in a <a href="/wiki/Matrix_(mathematics)" title="Matrix (mathematics)">matrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_mass" title="Atomic mass">atomic mass</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_mass_constant" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic mass constant">atomic mass constant</a> denoted <i>m</i><sub>u</sub><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Gradient" title="Gradient">slope</a> in a linear regression or in any <a href="/wiki/Linear_equation" title="Linear equation">line</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Mass" title="Mass">mass</a> in mechanics equations<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the unit <a href="/wiki/Metre" title="Metre">metre</a> of length<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the unit prefix <a href="/wiki/Milli" class="mw-redirect" title="Milli">milli</a> (10<sup>−3</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>a <a href="/wiki/Median_(geometry)" title="Median (geometry)">median</a> of a triangle</li> <li>the overall <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Reaction" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Reaction">order of reaction</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnitude_(mathematics)" title="Magnitude (mathematics)">Magnitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minute" title="Minute">Minute</a> (but the SI abbreviation is "min")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slope" title="Slope">Slope</a></li> <li>Magnetic moment in a <a href="/wiki/Magnetization" title="Magnetization">magnetization</a> field</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nn">Nn</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_letters_used_in_mathematics,_science,_and_engineering&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Nn"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>N represents <ul><li>the unit <a href="/wiki/Newton_(unit)" title="Newton (unit)">newton</a> of force<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Nine-point_center" title="Nine-point center">nine-point center</a> of a triangle</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessel_function" title="Bessel function">Bessel function</a> of the second kind (uncommon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">Nitrogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normal_distribution" title="Normal distribution">Normal distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normal_vector" class="mw-redirect" title="Normal vector">Normal vector</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>N</i> represents <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Neutron_number" title="Neutron number">neutron number</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Particle_number" title="Particle number">number of particles</a> of a thermodynamical system<sup id="cite_ref-:5_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 57">: 57 </span></sup></li></ul></li> <li><i>N</i><sub>A</sub> represents the <a href="/wiki/Avogadro_constant" title="Avogadro constant">Avogadro constant</a></li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {N} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {N} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fdf9a96b565ea202d0f4322e9195613fb26a9bed" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.678ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {N} }"></span> represents the <a href="/wiki/Natural_number" title="Natural number">natural numbers</a>.</li> <li>n represents <ul><li>A <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a>, which may be shown as <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span>n<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span>n<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">0</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span></span> or <span class="chemf nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">1</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">0</sub></span></span></span>n</li> <li>the unit prefix <a href="/wiki/Nano-" title="Nano-">nano</a> (10<sup>−9</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><i>n</i> represents <ul><li>the number of columns in a <a href="/wiki/Matrix_(mathematics)" title="Matrix (mathematics)">matrix</a></li> <li>the "number of" in <a href="/wiki/Algebra" title="Algebra">algebraic</a> equations</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Number_density" title="Number density">number density</a> of particles in a volume</li> <li>the index of the <i>n</i>th term of a sequence or series (e.g. <i>t</i><sub><i>n</i></sub> = <i>a</i> + (<i>n</i> − 1)<i>d</i>)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Principal_quantum_number" title="Principal quantum number">principal quantum number</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the amount of a given substance<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Number_concentration" class="mw-redirect" title="Number concentration">number concentration</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the overall <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Reaction" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Reaction">order of reaction</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refractive_index" title="Refractive index">Refractive index</a> of a material</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spherical_Bessel_function" class="mw-redirect" title="Spherical Bessel function">Spherical Bessel function</a> of the second kind (uncommon)</li> <li>An <a href="/wiki/Integer" title="Integer">integer</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oo">Oo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_letters_used_in_mathematics,_science,_and_engineering&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Oo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>O represents <ul><li>the order of asymptotic behavior of a function (upper bound); see <a href="/wiki/Big_O_notation" title="Big O notation">Big O notation</a></li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (0,0,\ldots ,0)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>…</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (0,0,\ldots ,0)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6a160f0643094c03992276a890871ac41b93a90e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:11.509ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (0,0,\ldots ,0)}"></span> — the <a href="/wiki/Origin_(mathematics)" title="Origin (mathematics)">Origin</a> of the coordinate system in <a href="/wiki/Cartesian_coordinates" class="mw-redirect" title="Cartesian coordinates">Cartesian coordinates</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Circumcenter" class="mw-redirect" title="Circumcenter">circumcenter</a> of a triangle or other cyclic polygon, or more generally the center of a circle</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Blood_type" title="Blood type">blood type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">Oxygen</a></li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Spectral_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Spectral type">spectral type</a></li></ul></li> <li>o represents <ul><li>the order of asymptotic behavior of a function (strict upper bound); see <a href="/wiki/Little_o_notation" class="mw-redirect" title="Little o notation">Little o notation</a> (also known as "small o notation")</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Group_(mathematics)#order_of_an_element" title="Group (mathematics)">order of an element</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Group_(mathematics)" title="Group (mathematics)">group</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {O} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">O</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {O} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c1ed2664a4fe515e6fbed25a7193ce663b82920c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.808ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {O} }"></span> represents <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Octonion" title="Octonion">octonions</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pp">Pp</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_letters_used_in_mathematics,_science,_and_engineering&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Pp"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>P represents: <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Pressure" title="Pressure">pressure</a> in physics equations<sup id="cite_ref-:5_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 4">: 4 </span></sup></li> <li>the unit prefix <a href="/wiki/Peta_(prefix)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peta (prefix)">peta</a> (10<sup>15</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Probability" title="Probability">probability</a> in statistics and statistical mechanics<sup id="cite_ref-:5_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 35">: 35 </span></sup></li> <li>an arbitrary point in <a href="/wiki/Geometry" title="Geometry">geometry</a></li> <li>with a subscript, a <a href="/wiki/Path_(graph_theory)" title="Path (graph theory)">path</a> on that many vertices</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_(physics)" title="Power (physics)">power</a>, measured in watts<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Active_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Active power">Active power</a> in electrical engineering</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weight" title="Weight">weight</a> measured in <a href="/wiki/Newton_(unit)" title="Newton (unit)">newtons</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legendre_polynomial" class="mw-redirect" title="Legendre polynomial">Legendre polynomial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polarization_(waves)" title="Polarization (waves)">Polarization</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {P} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">P</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {P} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1053af9e662ceaf56c4455f90e0f67273422eded" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.42ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {P} }"></span> represents <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Prime_number" title="Prime number">prime numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Projective_space" title="Projective space">Projective space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Projection_(linear_algebra)" title="Projection (linear algebra)">Projection (linear algebra)</a></li> <li>a <a href="/wiki/Probability" title="Probability">probability</a> (as in <b>P</b>(E), which reads "the probability <b>P</b> of event E happening")</li></ul></li> <li>p represents <ul><li>a <a href="/wiki/Prime_number" title="Prime number">prime number</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Numerator" class="mw-redirect" title="Numerator">numerator</a> of a fraction</li> <li>the unit prefix <a href="/wiki/Pico-" class="mw-redirect" title="Pico-">pico</a> (10<sup>−12</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>a <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">proton</a>, often p<sup>+</sup> or <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><span style="font-size: 70%;"><span style="display:inline-block; vertical-align: -0.4em; line-height:1.1em;">1<br />1</span><span style="font-size: 40%;"> </span></span></span>p</li> <li>the linear <a href="/wiki/Momentum" title="Momentum">momentum</a> in physics equations<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Perimeter" title="Perimeter">perimeter</a> of a triangle or other polygon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generalized_momentum" class="mw-redirect" title="Generalized momentum">generalized momentum</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Pressure" title="Pressure">pressure</a> in physics equations<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sound_pressure" title="Sound pressure">Sound pressure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_dipole_moment" title="Electric dipole moment">Electric dipole moment</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Qq">Qq</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_letters_used_in_mathematics,_science,_and_engineering&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Qq"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Q represents: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heat" title="Heat">heat</a> energy<sup id="cite_ref-:5_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 6">: 6 </span></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weak_charge" title="Weak charge">electroweak charge</a>, denoted Q<sub>W</sub><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactive_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Reactive power">Reactive power</a> in electrical engineering</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volumetric_flow_rate" title="Volumetric flow rate">Volumetric flow rate</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">Q</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c5909f0b54e4718fa24d5fd34d54189d24a66e9a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.808ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} }"></span> represents the <a href="/wiki/Rational_number" title="Rational number">rational numbers</a></li> <li>q represents: <ul><li>a second <a href="/wiki/Prime_number" title="Prime number">prime number</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Denominator" class="mw-redirect" title="Denominator">denominator</a> of a fraction</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Quotient" title="Quotient">quotient</a> resulting from integer division</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Deceleration_parameter" title="Deceleration parameter">deceleration parameter</a> in cosmology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_charge" title="Electric charge">electric charge</a> of a particle</li> <li>a <a href="/wiki/Generalized_coordinate" class="mw-redirect" title="Generalized coordinate">generalized coordinate</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quark" title="Quark">Quark</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rr">Rr</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_letters_used_in_mathematics,_science,_and_engineering&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Rr"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>R represents: <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Ricci_tensor" class="mw-redirect" title="Ricci tensor">Ricci tensor</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Circumradius" class="mw-redirect" title="Circumradius">circumradius</a> of a cyclic polygon such as a triangle</li> <li>an arbitrary <a href="/wiki/Relation_(mathematics)" title="Relation (mathematics)">relation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riemann_curvature_tensor" title="Riemann curvature tensor">Riemann curvature tensor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical resistance">Electrical resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molar_gas_constant" class="mw-redirect" title="Molar gas constant">Molar gas constant</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/786849c765da7a84dbc3cce43e96aad58a5868dc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.678ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} }"></span> represents the set of real numbers and various <a href="/wiki/Algebraic_structure" title="Algebraic structure">algebraic structures</a> built upon the set of real numbers, such as <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c510b63578322050121fe966f2e5770bea43308d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.897ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n}}"></span>.</li> <li><i>r</i> represents: <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Radius" title="Radius">radius</a> of a circle or sphere<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>radial distance in a <a href="/wiki/Polar_coordinate_system" title="Polar coordinate system">polar coordinate system</a> or <a href="/wiki/Spherical_coordinate_system" title="Spherical coordinate system">spherical coordinate system</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Inradius" class="mw-redirect" title="Inradius">inradius</a> of a triangle or other tangential polygon</li> <li>the ratio of a geometric series (e.g. <i>ar</i><sup><i>n</i>−1</sup>)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Remainder" title="Remainder">remainder</a> resulting from integer division</li> <li>the separation of two objects, for example in <a href="/wiki/Coulomb%27s_law" title="Coulomb's law">Coulomb's law</a></li> <li>a <a href="/wiki/Position_Vector" class="mw-redirect" title="Position Vector">position vector</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the rate of concentration change of B (due to <a href="/wiki/Chemical_reaction" title="Chemical reaction">chemical reaction</a>) denoted r<sub>B</sub><sup id="cite_ref-:8_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ss">Ss</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_letters_used_in_mathematics,_science,_and_engineering&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Ss"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>S represents <ul><li>a <a href="/wiki/Summation" title="Summation">sum</a></li> <li>the unit <a href="/wiki/Siemens_(unit)" title="Siemens (unit)">siemens</a> of electric conductance<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the unit <a href="/wiki/Sphere" title="Sphere">sphere</a> (with superscript denoting dimension)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Scattering_matrix" class="mw-redirect" title="Scattering matrix">scattering matrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entropy" title="Entropy">entropy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_(physics)" title="Action (physics)">action</a> in <a href="/wiki/Joule-second" title="Joule-second">joule-seconds</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apparent_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Apparent power">Apparent power</a> in electrical engineering</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area" title="Area">Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spin_operator" class="mw-redirect" title="Spin operator">Spin operator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">Sulfur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symmetric_group" title="Symmetric group">Symmetric group</a> <ul><li>with a subscript, a <a href="/wiki/Symmetric_group" title="Symmetric group">symmetric group</a> on that many objects</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>s represents: <ul><li>an <a href="/wiki/Arclength" class="mw-redirect" title="Arclength">arclength</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>a <a href="/wiki/Distance" title="Distance">path length</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Displacement_(vector)" class="mw-redirect" title="Displacement (vector)">displacement</a> in <a href="/wiki/Equations_of_motion" title="Equations of motion">mechanics equations</a></li> <li>the unit <a href="/wiki/Second" title="Second">second</a> of time<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>a <a href="/wiki/Complex_number" title="Complex number">complex</a> variable <i>s</i> = σ + <i>i</i> <i>t</i> in <a href="/wiki/Analytic_number_theory" title="Analytic number theory">analytic number theory</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Semiperimeter" title="Semiperimeter">semiperimeter</a> of a triangle or other polygon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strange_quark" title="Strange quark">Strange quark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specific_entropy" class="mw-redirect" title="Specific entropy">Specific entropy</a></li></ul></li> <li>𝒮 (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {S}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">S</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {S}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2302a18e269dbecc43c57c0c2aced3bfae15278d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.492ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {S}}}"></span>) represents a system's <a href="/wiki/Action_(physics)" title="Action (physics)">action</a> in physics</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {S} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">S</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {S} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9f9d5874c5d7f68eba1cec9da9ccbe53903303bb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.293ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {S} }"></span> represents <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Sedenion" title="Sedenion">sedenions</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tt">Tt</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_letters_used_in_mathematics,_science,_and_engineering&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Tt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>T represents: <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Greatest_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Greatest element">top element</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Lattice_(order)" title="Lattice (order)">lattice</a></li> <li>a <a href="/wiki/Tree_(graph_theory)" title="Tree (graph theory)">tree</a> (a special kind of graph)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">temperature</a> in physics equations<sup id="cite_ref-:5_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 4">: 4 </span></sup></li> <li>the unit <a href="/wiki/Tesla_(unit)" title="Tesla (unit)">tesla</a> of magnetic flux density<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the unit prefix <a href="/wiki/Tera-" class="mw-redirect" title="Tera-">tera</a> (10<sup>12</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Stress%E2%80%93energy_tensor" title="Stress–energy tensor">stress–energy tensor</a></li> <li>tension in physics</li> <li>an arbitrary <a href="/wiki/Monad_(category_theory)" title="Monad (category theory)">monad</a></li> <li>the time it takes for one <a href="/wiki/Oscillation" title="Oscillation">oscillation</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinetic_energy" title="Kinetic energy">kinetic energy</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torque" title="Torque">Torque</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Spectral_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Spectral type">spectral type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tritium" title="Tritium">Tritium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Period_(physics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Period (physics)">Period</a>, the reciprocal of frequency</li></ul></li> <li><i>t</i> represents: <ul><li>time in graphs, functions or equations<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>a term in a sequence or series (e.g. <i>t</i><sub><i>n</i></sub> = <i>t</i><sub><i>n</i>−1</sub> + 5)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Imaginary_part" class="mw-redirect" title="Imaginary part">imaginary part</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Complex_number" title="Complex number">complex</a> variable <i>s</i> = <i>σ</i> + <i>it</i> in <a href="/wiki/Analytic_number_theory" title="Analytic number theory">analytic number theory</a></li> <li>the sample statistic resulting from a Student's t-test</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Half-life" title="Half-life">half life</a> of a quantity, denoted as <i>t</i><sub>1⁄2</sub><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_quark" title="Top quark">Top quark</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {T} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">T</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {T} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9c039979935c00b3b216cbb065999207872677f6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.55ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {T} }"></span> represents <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Trigintaduonion" title="Trigintaduonion">trigintaduonions</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uu">Uu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_letters_used_in_mathematics,_science,_and_engineering&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Uu"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>U represents: <ul><li>a U-set which is a <a href="/wiki/Set_of_uniqueness" title="Set of uniqueness">set of uniqueness</a></li> <li>a <a href="/wiki/Unitary_operator" title="Unitary operator">unitary operator</a></li> <li>in thermodynamics, the <a href="/wiki/Internal_energy" title="Internal energy">internal energy</a> of a system</li> <li>a <a href="/wiki/Forgetful_functor" title="Forgetful functor">forgetful functor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potential_energy" title="Potential energy">Potential energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">Uranium</a></li></ul></li> <li>U(<i>n</i>) represents the <a href="/wiki/Unitary_group" title="Unitary group">unitary group</a> of degree <i>n</i></li> <li>∪ represents the <a href="/wiki/Union_(set_theory)" title="Union (set theory)">union</a> operator</li> <li>u represents: <ul><li>the initial <a href="/wiki/Velocity" title="Velocity">velocity</a> in mechanics equations<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Up_quark" title="Up quark">Up quark</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vv">Vv</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_letters_used_in_mathematics,_science,_and_engineering&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Vv"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>V represents: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">Vanadium</a></li> <li>the unit <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">volt</a> of <a href="/wiki/Voltage" title="Voltage">voltage</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the set of vertices in a graph</li> <li>a vector space</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potential_energy" title="Potential energy">potential energy</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molar_volume" title="Molar volume">molar volume</a> denoted by <i>V</i><sub>m</sub><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>v represents <ul><li>the final <a href="/wiki/Velocity" title="Velocity">velocity</a> in mechanics equations<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frequency" title="Frequency">frequency</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> especially when referring to <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation" title="Electromagnetic radiation">electromagnetic waves</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>a specific <a href="/wiki/Volume" title="Volume">volume</a> in <a href="/wiki/Classical_mechanics" title="Classical mechanics">classical mechanics</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the rate of concentration change of B (due to <a href="/wiki/Chemical_reaction" title="Chemical reaction">chemical reaction</a>) denoted v<sub>B</sub><sup id="cite_ref-:8_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the rate of reaction based on <a href="/wiki/Amount_concentration" class="mw-redirect" title="Amount concentration">amount concentration</a> denoted v or v<sub>c</sub></li> <li>the rate of reaction based on <a href="/wiki/Number_concentration" class="mw-redirect" title="Number concentration">number concentration</a> denoted v or v<sub>C</sub></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ww">Ww</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_letters_used_in_mathematics,_science,_and_engineering&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Ww"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>W represents: <ul><li>the unit <a href="/wiki/Watt" title="Watt">watt</a> of power<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>work, both <a href="/wiki/Work_(physics)" title="Work (physics)">mechanical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Work_(thermodynamics)" title="Work (thermodynamics)">thermodynamical</a><sup id="cite_ref-:5_22-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 8–9">: 8–9 </span></sup></li> <li>in thermodynamics, the number of possible quantum states in <a href="/wiki/Boltzmann%27s_entropy_formula" title="Boltzmann's entropy formula">Boltzmann's entropy formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weight" title="Weight">weight</a> measured in <a href="/wiki/Newton_(unit)" title="Newton (unit)">newtons</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambert%27s_W_function" class="mw-redirect" title="Lambert's W function">Lambert's W function</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">Tungsten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W_boson" class="mw-redirect" title="W boson">W boson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work_function" title="Work function">Work function</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiener_process" title="Wiener process">Wiener process</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>w</i> represents: <ul><li>the coordinate on the fourth axis in <a href="/wiki/Four-dimensional_space" title="Four-dimensional space">four-dimensional space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work_(physics)" title="Work (physics)">work</a> in <a href="/wiki/Classical_mechanics" title="Classical mechanics">classical mechanics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Width" class="mw-redirect" title="Width">Width</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Xx">Xx</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_letters_used_in_mathematics,_science,_and_engineering&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Xx"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>X</i> represents <ul><li>a <a href="/wiki/Random_variable" title="Random variable">random variable</a></li> <li>a <a href="/wiki/Triangle_center" title="Triangle center">triangle center</a></li> <li>the first part of a <a href="/wiki/Bipartite_graph" title="Bipartite graph">bipartite graph</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ẋ represents <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Rate_of_change_(mathematics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rate of change (mathematics)">rate of change</a> of quantity X<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><i>x</i> represents <ul><li>a realized value of a random variable</li> <li>an unknown <a href="/wiki/Variable_(mathematics)" title="Variable (mathematics)">variable</a>, most often (but not always) from the set of <a href="/wiki/Real_number" title="Real number">real numbers</a>, while a <a href="/wiki/Complex_number" title="Complex number">complex</a> unknown would rather be called <i>z</i>, and an <a href="/wiki/Integer" title="Integer">integer</a> by a letter like <i>m</i> from the middle of the alphabet</li> <li>the coordinate on the first or <a href="/wiki/Horizontal_axis" class="mw-redirect" title="Horizontal axis">horizontal axis</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Cartesian_coordinate_system" title="Cartesian coordinate system">Cartesian coordinate system</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or the <a href="/wiki/Viewport" title="Viewport">viewport</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Computer_graphics" title="Computer graphics">graph</a> or <a href="/wiki/Window_(computer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Window (computer)">window</a> in computer graphics; the <a href="/wiki/Abscissa" class="mw-redirect" title="Abscissa">abscissa</a> <ul><li>Axis in the direction of travel of an aerospace vehicle (<a href="/wiki/Aircraft_principal_axes" title="Aircraft principal axes">longitudinal axis</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>a <a href="/wiki/Mole_fraction" title="Mole fraction">mole fraction</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Variable to be determined in an <a href="/wiki/Algebraic_equation" title="Algebraic equation">algebraic equation</a></li> <li>A vector in <a href="/wiki/Linear_algebra" title="Linear algebra">linear algebra</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Yy">Yy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_letters_used_in_mathematics,_science,_and_engineering&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Yy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Y represents: <ul><li>the unit prefix <a href="/wiki/Yotta-" class="mw-redirect" title="Yotta-">yotta-</a> (10<sup>24</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessel_function" title="Bessel function">Bessel function</a> of the second kind</li> <li>the second part of a <a href="/wiki/Bipartite_graph" title="Bipartite graph">bipartite graph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Yttrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">Gross domestic product</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Y</i> represents: <ul><li>a second <a href="/wiki/Random_variable" title="Random variable">random variable</a></li></ul></li> <li>y represents: <ul><li>the unit prefix <a href="/wiki/Yocto-" class="mw-redirect" title="Yocto-">yocto-</a> (10<sup>−24</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>a realized value of a second random variable</li> <li>a second unknown <a href="/wiki/Variable_(mathematics)" title="Variable (mathematics)">variable</a></li> <li>the coordinate on the second or <a href="/wiki/Cartesian_coordinate_system" title="Cartesian coordinate system">vertical axis</a> (backward axis in three dimensions) in a <a href="/wiki/Cartesian_coordinate_system" title="Cartesian coordinate system">Cartesian coordinate system</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or in the <a href="/wiki/Viewport" title="Viewport">viewport</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Computer_graphics" title="Computer graphics">graph</a> or <a href="/wiki/Window_(computing)" title="Window (computing)">window</a> in computer graphics; the <a href="/wiki/Ordinate" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordinate">ordinate</a> <ul><li>The port-starboard axis (<a href="/wiki/Aircraft_principal_axes" title="Aircraft principal axes">transverse axis</a>) of an aerospace vehicle</li></ul></li> <li>a <a href="/wiki/Mole_fraction" title="Mole fraction">mole fraction</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zz">Zz</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_letters_used_in_mathematics,_science,_and_engineering&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Zz"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Z represents: <ul><li>the unit prefix <a href="/wiki/Zetta" class="mw-redirect" title="Zetta">zetta</a> (10<sup>21</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Atomic_number" title="Atomic number">atomic number</a> or <a href="/wiki/Proton_number" class="mw-redirect" title="Proton number">proton number</a> of an element in chemistry<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>a standardized normal <a href="/wiki/Random_variable" title="Random variable">random variable</a> in <a href="/wiki/Probability_theory" title="Probability theory">probability theory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Statistics" title="Statistics">statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_function_(mathematics)" title="Partition function (mathematics)">Partition function</a></li> <li>in meteorology, the <a href="/wiki/DBZ_(meteorology)" title="DBZ (meteorology)">radar reflectivity factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_impedance" title="Electrical impedance">Electrical impedance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons" title="W and Z bosons">Z boson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compressibility_factor" title="Compressibility factor">Compressibility factor</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/449494a083e0a1fda2b61c62b2f09b6bee4633dc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.55ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} }"></span> represents the <a href="/wiki/Integer" title="Integer">integers</a></li> <li>z represents: <ul><li>the unit prefix zepto (10<sup>−21</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the coordinate on the third or vertical axis in three <a href="/wiki/Dimension" title="Dimension">dimensional</a> space<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_principal_axes" title="Aircraft principal axes">vertical axis</a> or <a href="/wiki/Altitude" title="Altitude">altitude</a> in an aerospace vehicle</li></ul></li> <li>the view depth in <a href="/wiki/Computer_graphics" title="Computer graphics">computer graphics</a>, see also "<a href="/wiki/Z-buffering" title="Z-buffering">z-buffering</a>"</li> <li>the argument of a <a href="/wiki/Complex_analysis" title="Complex analysis">complex function</a>, or any other variable used to represent a <a href="/wiki/Complex_value" class="mw-redirect" title="Complex value">complex value</a></li> <li>in astronomy, wavelength <a href="/wiki/Redshift" title="Redshift">redshift</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 9">: 9 </span></sup></li> <li>a third unknown <a href="/wiki/Variable_(mathematics)" title="Variable (mathematics)">variable</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Collision_frequency" title="Collision frequency">collision frequency</a> of A with A is denoted z<sub>A</sub>(A)<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Collision_frequency_factor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Collision frequency factor (page does not exist)">collision frequency factor</a> is denoted z<sub>AB</sub><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_letters_used_in_mathematics,_science,_and_engineering&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackboard_bold_letters_used_in_mathematics" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackboard bold letters used in mathematics">Blackboard bold letters used in mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_letters_used_in_mathematics,_science,_and_engineering" title="Greek letters used in mathematics, science, and engineering">Greek letters used in mathematics, science, and engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_letters_used_in_mathematics,_science,_and_engineering" title="List of letters used in mathematics, science, and engineering">List of letters used in mathematics, science, and engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_Alphanumeric_Symbols" title="Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols">Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_mathematical_symbols" title="Glossary of mathematical symbols">Glossary of mathematical symbols</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_letters_used_in_mathematics,_science,_and_engineering&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mathworld.wolfram.com&rft.atitle=Glaisher-Kinkelin+Constant&rft.aulast=Weisstein&rft.aufirst=Eric+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathworld.wolfram.com%2FGlaisher-KinkelinConstant.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+letters+used+in+mathematics%2C+science%2C+and+engineering" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-27"><sup><i><b>ab</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-28"><sup><i><b>ac</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-29"><sup><i><b>ad</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-30"><sup><i><b>ae</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-31"><sup><i><b>af</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-32"><sup><i><b>ag</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-33"><sup><i><b>ah</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-34"><sup><i><b>ai</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-35"><sup><i><b>aj</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-36"><sup><i><b>ak</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-37"><sup><i><b>al</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-38"><sup><i><b>am</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-39"><sup><i><b>an</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-40"><sup><i><b>ao</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-41"><sup><i><b>ap</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-42"><sup><i><b>aq</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-43"><sup><i><b>ar</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-44"><sup><i><b>as</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-45"><sup><i><b>at</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-46"><sup><i><b>au</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-47"><sup><i><b>av</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-48"><sup><i><b>aw</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-49"><sup><i><b>ax</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-50"><sup><i><b>ay</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-51"><sup><i><b>az</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-52"><sup><i><b>ba</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-53"><sup><i><b>bb</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-54"><sup><i><b>bc</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-55"><sup><i><b>bd</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-56"><sup><i><b>be</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-57"><sup><i><b>bf</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-58"><sup><i><b>bg</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-59"><sup><i><b>bh</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-60"><sup><i><b>bi</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-61"><sup><i><b>bj</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-62"><sup><i><b>bk</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-63"><sup><i><b>bl</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-64"><sup><i><b>bm</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-65"><sup><i><b>bn</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-66"><sup><i><b>bo</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-67"><sup><i><b>bp</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-68"><sup><i><b>bq</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-69"><sup><i><b>br</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-70"><sup><i><b>bs</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-71"><sup><i><b>bt</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-72"><sup><i><b>bu</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-73"><sup><i><b>bv</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-74"><sup><i><b>bw</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-75"><sup><i><b>bx</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-76"><sup><i><b>by</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-77"><sup><i><b>bz</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-78"><sup><i><b>ca</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-79"><sup><i><b>cb</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-80"><sup><i><b>cc</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-81"><sup><i><b>cd</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-82"><sup><i><b>ce</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-83"><sup><i><b>cf</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-84"><sup><i><b>cg</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-85"><sup><i><b>ch</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-86"><sup><i><b>ci</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-87"><sup><i><b>cj</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-88"><sup><i><b>ck</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-89"><sup><i><b>cl</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-90"><sup><i><b>cm</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-91"><sup><i><b>cn</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-92"><sup><i><b>co</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-93"><sup><i><b>cp</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-94"><sup><i><b>cq</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-95"><sup><i><b>cr</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-96"><sup><i><b>cs</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-97"><sup><i><b>ct</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-98"><sup><i><b>cu</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-99"><sup><i><b>cv</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-100"><sup><i><b>cw</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-101"><sup><i><b>cx</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-102"><sup><i><b>cy</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-103"><sup><i><b>cz</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-104"><sup><i><b>da</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-105"><sup><i><b>db</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-106"><sup><i><b>dc</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStohnerQuack2011" class="citation journal cs1">Stohner, Jürgen; Quack, Martin (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publications.iupac.org/ci/2011/3304/July11_green-sup-4p.pdf">"A Concise Summary of Quantities, Units, and Symbols in Physical Chemistry"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Chemistry International</i>. <b>33</b> (4). <a href="/wiki/De_Gruyter" title="De Gruyter">De Gruyter</a>: Centerfold.</cite><span 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London: BSI. 1974. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-580-08471-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-580-08471-X"><bdi>0-580-08471-X</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/32212391">32212391</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conversion+factors+and+tables.+Part+1.+Basis+of+tables.+Conversion+factors.&rft.place=London&rft.pages=7&rft.edition=3rd+revision&rft.pub=BSI&rft.date=1974&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F32212391&rft.isbn=0-580-08471-X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F32212391&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+letters+used+in+mathematics%2C+science%2C+and+engineering" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/32212391"><i>Conversion factors and tables. 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John Wiley & Sons. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-471-46539-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-471-46539-3"><bdi>978-0-471-46539-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Biophotonics&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2004-01-16&rft.isbn=978-0-471-46539-3&rft.aulast=Prasad&rft.aufirst=Paras+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzF1GYVamV34C%26pg%3DPA12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+letters+used+in+mathematics%2C+science%2C+and+engineering" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry</i>. 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mathematical_symbols_notation_language" title="Template:Mathematical symbols notation language"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mathematical_symbols_notation_language" title="Template talk:Mathematical symbols notation language"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mathematical_symbols_notation_language" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mathematical symbols notation language"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Common_mathematical_notation,_symbols,_and_formulas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Common <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematical</a> <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_notation" title="Mathematical notation">notation</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_mathematical_symbols_by_subject" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mathematical symbols by subject">symbols</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula" title="Help:Displaying a formula">formulas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Lists_of_Unicode_and_LaTeX_mathematical_symbols" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lists of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> and <a href="/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX">LaTeX</a> mathematical symbols</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mathematical_symbols_by_subject" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mathematical symbols by subject">List of mathematical symbols by subject</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_mathematical_symbols" title="Glossary of mathematical symbols">Glossary of mathematical symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_logic_symbols" title="List of logic symbols">List of logic symbols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Lists_of_Unicode_symbols" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lists of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> symbols</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Unicode_characters" title="List of Unicode characters">List of Unicode characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_block" title="Unicode block">Unicode block</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alphanumeric</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_Alphanumeric_Symbols" title="Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols">Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackboard_bold#Usage" title="Blackboard bold">Blackboard bold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letterlike_Symbols" title="Letterlike Symbols">Letterlike Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbols_for_zero" title="Symbols for zero">Symbols for zero</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arrow_(symbol)" title="Arrow (symbol)">Arrows</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geometric_Shapes_(Unicode_block)" title="Geometric Shapes (Unicode block)">Geometric Shapes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrow_(symbol)" title="Arrow (symbol)">Arrows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miscellaneous_Symbols_and_Arrows" title="Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows">Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geometric_Shapes_(Unicode_block)" title="Geometric Shapes (Unicode block)">Geometric Shapes (Unicode block)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_operators_and_symbols_in_Unicode" title="Mathematical operators and symbols in Unicode">Mathematical operators and symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_Operators_(Unicode_block)" title="Mathematical Operators (Unicode block)">Mathematical Operators (Unicode block)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Supplemental_Mathematical_Operators" title="Supplemental Mathematical Operators">Supplemental Math Operators</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supplemental_Mathematical_Operators" title="Supplemental Mathematical Operators">Supplemental Mathematical Operators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Number_Forms" title="Number Forms">Number Forms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miscellaneous_Mathematical_Symbols-A" title="Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miscellaneous_Mathematical_Symbols-B" title="Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-B">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miscellaneous_Technical" title="Miscellaneous Technical">Technical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-11" title="ISO 31-11">ISO 31-11</a> (Mathematical signs and symbols for use in physical sciences and technology)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Typographical_conventions_and_notations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Typographical conventions and notations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Language_of_mathematics" title="Language of mathematics">Language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/APL_syntax_and_symbols#Monadic_functions" title="APL syntax and symbols">APL syntax and symbols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Letters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">Diacritic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_letters_used_in_mathematics,_science,_and_engineering" title="List of letters used in mathematics, science, and engineering">Letters in STEM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_letters_used_in_mathematics,_science,_and_engineering" title="Greek letters used in mathematics, science, and engineering">Greek letters in STEM</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Latin letters in STEM</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_notation" title="Mathematical notation">Mathematical notation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mathematical_abbreviations" title="List of mathematical abbreviations">Abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notation_in_probability_and_statistics" title="Notation in probability and statistics">Notation in probability and statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_common_physics_notations" title="List of common physics notations">List of common physics notations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Meanings_of_symbols" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Meanings of symbols</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_mathematical_symbols" title="Glossary of mathematical symbols">Glossary of mathematical symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mathematical_constants" title="List of mathematical constants">List of mathematical constants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_constant" title="Physical constant">Physical constants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_of_mathematical_symbols_by_introduction_date" title="Table of mathematical symbols by introduction date">Table of mathematical symbols by introduction date</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_typographical_symbols_and_punctuation_marks" title="List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks">List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Latin_script" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Latin_script/main" title="Template:Latin script/main"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Latin_script/main" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Latin script/main"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Latin_script/main" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Latin script/main"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Latin_script" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Latin_script" title="History of the Latin script">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spread_of_the_Latin_script" title="Spread of the Latin script">Spread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization" title="Romanization">Romanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligature_(writing)#Latin_alphabet" title="Ligature (writing)">Ligatures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin-script_alphabet" title="Latin-script alphabet">Alphabets</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_alphabets" title="List of Latin-script alphabets">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Latin_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Latin alphabet">Classical Latin alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_basic_Latin_alphabet" title="ISO basic Latin alphabet">ISO basic Latin alphabet</a></li> <li>Phonetic alphabets <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spelling_alphabet" title="Spelling alphabet">Spelling alphabet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Letters (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_letters" title="List of Latin-script letters">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <table style="margin: 0 -0.25em; width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="26"><div style="width:100%; background:#e0e0e0;; text-align:center;">Letters of the <a href="/wiki/ISO_basic_Latin_alphabet" title="ISO basic Latin alphabet">ISO basic Latin alphabet</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">Aa</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">Bb</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">Cc</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">Dd</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">Ee</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">Ff</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">Gg</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">Hh</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">Ii</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/J" title="J">Jj</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">Kk</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">Ll</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">Mm </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">Nn</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">Oo</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">Pp</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">Qq</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">Rr</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">Ss</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">Tt</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">Uu</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">Vv</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/W" title="W">Ww</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">Xx</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">Yy</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Zz </a></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin-script_multigraph" title="Latin-script multigraph">Multigraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_digraphs" title="List of Latin-script digraphs">Digraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ch_(digraph)" title="Ch (digraph)">Ch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dz_(digraph)" title="Dz (digraph)">Dz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C5%BE" title="Dž">Dž</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gh_(digraph)" title="Gh (digraph)">Gh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IJ_(digraph)" title="IJ (digraph)">IJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lj_(digraph)" title="Lj (digraph)">Lj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ll" title="Ll">Ll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_ly" title="Hungarian ly">Ly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nh_(digraph)" title="Nh (digraph)">Nh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nj_(digraph)" title="Nj (digraph)">Nj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ny_(digraph)" title="Ny (digraph)">Ny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh_(digraph)" title="Sh (digraph)">Sh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sz_(digraph)" title="Sz (digraph)">Sz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th_(digraph)" title="Th (digraph)">Th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_trigraphs" title="List of Latin-script trigraphs">Trigraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_dzs" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian dzs">dzs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eau_(trigraph)" title="Eau (trigraph)">eau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_tetragraphs" title="List of Latin-script tetragraphs">Tetragraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ough_(orthography)" title="Ough (orthography)">ough</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_pentagraphs" title="List of Latin-script pentagraphs">Pentagraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Tzsch" class="mw-redirect" title="Tzsch">tzsch</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Keyboard layouts (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_keyboard_layouts" title="List of Latin-script keyboard layouts">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/QWERTY" title="QWERTY">QWERTY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QWERTZ" title="QWERTZ">QWERTZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AZERTY" title="AZERTY">AZERTY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvorak_keyboard_layout" title="Dvorak keyboard layout">Dvorak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colemak" title="Colemak">Colemak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%89PO" title="BÉPO">BÉPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo_(keyboard_layout)" title="Neo (keyboard layout)">Neo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">ISO/IEC 646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Latin_character_sets_(computing)" title="Western Latin character sets (computing)">Western Latin character sets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script_in_Unicode" title="Latin script in Unicode">Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIN_91379" title="DIN 91379">DIN 91379: Unicode subset for Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_precomposed_Latin_characters_in_Unicode" title="List of precomposed Latin characters in Unicode">Precomposed Latin characters in Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_letters_used_in_mathematics" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin letters used in mathematics">Letters used in mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_typographical_symbols_and_punctuation_marks" title="List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks">List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks</a></li></ul> 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