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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US" class="auto" > <head> <title>Generic Actions in Rails 3</title> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="True"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://yehudakatz.com/content/images/2024/08/yehuda-square.png"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Space+Grotesk:wght@300;400;500;600;700&display=swap" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://yehudakatz.com/assets/built/screen.min.css?v=4365bbbe46"> <script> function colored(e){document.querySelectorAll("."+e).forEach(function(e){e.textContent.includes("✦")&&(e.innerHTML=e.innerHTML.replace("✦","<span>✦</span>"))})} const htmlElement=document.documentElement,classList=htmlElement.classList; window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)").matches?(classList.add("dark"),localStorage.setItem("theme","dark")):(classList.remove("dark"),localStorage.setItem("theme","light")); document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",()=>{"dark"===localStorage.getItem("theme")?classList.add("dark"):classList.remove("dark")}),window.addEventListener("storage",()=>{"dark"===localStorage.getItem("theme")?classList.add("dark"):classList.remove("dark")}); window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)").addEventListener("change",e=>{e.matches?(classList.add("dark"),localStorage.setItem("theme","dark")):(classList.remove("dark"),localStorage.setItem("theme","light"))});function initializeDarkMode(){var e=document.querySelectorAll(".light-logo"),o=document.querySelectorAll(".footer-light-logo");document.querySelector("html");var r=window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)");function t(){r.matches?(e.forEach(function(e){e.src=""}),o.forEach(function(e){e.src=""})):(e.forEach(function(e){e.src="https://yehudakatz.com/content/images/2024/08/wycats--2-.png"}),o.forEach(function(e){e.src="https://yehudakatz.com/content/images/2024/08/wycats--2-.png"}))}t(),r.addEventListener("change",t)} </script> <link rel="icon" href="https://yehudakatz.com/content/images/size/w256h256/2024/08/yehuda-square.png" type="image/png"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://yehudakatz.com/2009/12/20/generic-actions-in-rails-3/"> <meta name="referrer" content="no-referrer-when-downgrade"> <link rel="amphtml" href="https://yehudakatz.com/2009/12/20/generic-actions-in-rails-3/amp/"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Katz Got Your Tongue"> <meta property="og:type" content="article"> <meta property="og:title" content="Generic Actions in Rails 3"> <meta property="og:description" content="So Django has an interesting feature called "generic views", which essentially allow you to to render a template with generic code. In Rails, the same feature would be called "generic actions" (just a terminology difference). This was possible, but somewhat difficult in Rails 2.x, but it's a breeze in"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://yehudakatz.com/2009/12/20/generic-actions-in-rails-3/"> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2009-12-20T23:06:54.000Z"> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2009-12-21T00:14:18.000Z"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Generic Actions in Rails 3"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="So Django has an interesting feature called "generic views", which essentially allow you to to render a template with generic code. In Rails, the same feature would be called "generic actions" (just a terminology difference). This was possible, but somewhat difficult in Rails 2.x, but it's a breeze in"> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://yehudakatz.com/2009/12/20/generic-actions-in-rails-3/"> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Written by"> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="Yehuda Katz"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@wycats"> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@wycats"> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Article", "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Katz Got Your Tongue", "url": "https://yehudakatz.com/", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://yehudakatz.com/content/images/2024/08/wycats--2-.png" } }, "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Yehuda Katz", "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://yehudakatz.com/content/images/2021/04/Profile---Correct.png", "width": 500, "height": 500 }, "url": "https://yehudakatz.com/author/wycats/", "sameAs": [ "https://twitter.com/wycats" ] }, "headline": "Generic Actions in Rails 3", "url": "https://yehudakatz.com/2009/12/20/generic-actions-in-rails-3/", "datePublished": "2009-12-20T23:06:54.000Z", "dateModified": "2009-12-21T00:14:18.000Z", "description": "So Django has an interesting feature called "generic views", which essentially\nallow you to to render a template with generic code. In Rails, the same feature\nwould be called "generic actions" (just a terminology difference).\n\nThis was possible, but somewhat difficult in Rails 2.x, but it's a breeze in\nRails 3.\n\nLet's take a look at a simple generic view in Django, the "redirect_to" view:\n\nurlpatterns = patterns('django.views.generic.simple',\n ('^foo/(?P<id>\\d+)/$', 'redirect_to', {'url': '/b", "mainEntityOfPage": "https://yehudakatz.com/2009/12/20/generic-actions-in-rails-3/" } </script> <meta name="generator" content="Ghost 5.101"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Katz Got Your Tongue" href="https://yehudakatz.com/rss/"> <script defer src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/ghost/portal@~2.46/umd/portal.min.js" data-i18n="true" data-ghost="https://yehudakatz.com/" data-key="7d10c674ca44f7fe0a608ff2fb" data-api="https://yehudakatz.ghost.io/ghost/api/content/" data-locale="en-US" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><style id="gh-members-styles">.gh-post-upgrade-cta-content, .gh-post-upgrade-cta 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items-center justify-start gap-2 px-4 sm:my-24 md:max-w-2xl lg:px-0"> <div class="post-heading post-heading-centered xs:gap-6 flex w-full flex-col items-start justify-start gap-4 sm:items-center md:gap-8"> <div class="post-info text-four flex flex-row items-center justify-start gap-3 sm:justify-center"> <span class="post-heading-centered-date text-md text-left font-normal sm:text-center">20 Dec 2009</span> <i class="separator cursor-default text-[11px] !text-zinc-400 dark:!text-zinc-600">•</i> <span class="post-heading-centered-reading-time text-md text-left font-normal sm:text-center">4 min read</span> </div> <h1 class="post-title xxs:text-3xl text-one w-full text-left text-[28px] font-bold !leading-[1.2] sm:text-center sm:text-4xl md:text-5xl">Generic Actions in Rails 3</h1> <div class="post-authors hidden sm:block"> <div class="c-author-area xs:flex -ml-1 hidden select-none flex-row items-center"> <a href="/author/wycats/" aria-label="Yehuda Katz" class="c-author-area-item flex flex-row rounded-full gap-0 first:order-1 first:mr-1 [&:nth-child(3)]:order-2 [&:nth-child(3)]:z-10 [&:nth-child(3)]:-ml-5 [&:nth-child(3)]:mr-1.5 "> <figure class="c-author-area-image aspect-[1/1] overflow-hidden rounded-full border-white bg-zinc-100 hover:z-20 dark:border-zinc-950 dark:bg-zinc-900 h-10 w-10 border-4 "> <img class="c-author-area-image-img lazyhedwik-image h-full w-full rounded-full object-cover object-center" src="/content/images/size/w90/format/webp/2021/04/Profile---Correct.png" data-src="/content/images/size/w180/format/webp/2021/04/Profile---Correct.png" alt="Yehuda Katz" /> </figure> </a> <a href="/author/wycats/" aria-label="Yehuda Katz" class="c-author-area-button author-1 wycats [&:nth-child(2)]:order-3 [&:nth-child(4)]:order-4 [&:nth-child(4)]:before:inline-block [&:nth-child(4)]:before:content-['&'] [&:nth-child(4)]:before:!no-underline [&:nth-child(4)]:before:hover:text-two [&:nth-child(4)]:before:mr-1.5 [&:nth-child(4)]:ml-1.5 text-base [&:nth-child(4)]:before:opacity-50 text-two hover:underline before:decoration-transparent underline-offset-6 decoration-dotted decoration-transparent hover:text-ghost-accent hover:decoration-ghost-accent font-medium transition-colors duration-300">Yehuda Katz</a> </div> </div> <div class="post-image aspect-[12/7] h-fit w-full select-none overflow-hidden bg-zinc-50 sm:rounded-2xl dark:bg-zinc-900"> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <p>So Django has an interesting feature called "generic views", which essentially allow you to to render a template with generic code. In Rails, the same feature would be called "generic actions" (just a terminology difference).</p> <p>This was possible, but somewhat difficult in Rails 2.x, but it's a breeze in Rails 3.</p> <p>Let's take a look at a simple generic view in Django, the "redirect_to" view:</p> <pre><code class="language-python">urlpatterns = patterns('django.views.generic.simple', ('^foo/(?P<id>\d+)/$', 'redirect_to', {'url': '/bar/%(id)s/'}), ) </code></pre> <p>This essentially redirects <code>"/foo/<id>"</code> to <code>"/bar/<id>s/"</code>. In Rails 2.3, a way to achieve equivalent behavior was to create a generic controller that handled this:</p> <pre><code class="language-ruby">class GenericController < ApplicationController def redirect redirect_to(params[:url] % params, params[:options]) end end </code></pre> <p>And then you could use this in your router:</p> <pre><code class="language-ruby">map.connect "/foo/:id", :controller => "generic", :action => "redirect", :url => "/bar/%{id}s" </code></pre> <p>This uses the new Ruby 1.9 interpolation syntax ("%{first} %{last}" % {:foo => "hello", :bar => "sir"} == "hello sir") that has been backported to Ruby 1.8 via ActiveSupport.</p> <h2>Better With Rails 3</h2> <p>However, this is a bit clumsy, and requires us to have a special controller to handle this (relatively simple) case. It also saddles us with the conceptual overhead of a controller in the router itself.</p> <p>Here's how you do the same thing in Rails 3:</p> <pre><code class="language-ruby">match "/foo/:id", :to => redirect("/bar/%{id}s") </code></pre> <p>This is built-into Rails 3's router, but the way it works is actually pretty cool. The Rails 3 router is conceptually decoupled from Rails itself, and the <code>:to</code> key points at a Rack endpoint. For instance, the following would be a valid route in Rails 3:</p> <pre><code class="language-ruby">match "/foo", :to => proc {|env| [200, {}, ["Hello world"]] } </code></pre> <p>The <code>redirect</code> method simply returns a rack endpoint that knows how to handle the redirection:</p> <pre><code class="language-ruby">def redirect(*args, &block) options = args.last.is_a?(Hash) ? args.pop : {} path = args.shift || block path_proc = path.is_a?(Proc) ? path : proc {|params| path % params } status = options[:status] || 301 lambda do |env| req = Rack::Request.new(env) params = path_proc.call(env["action_dispatch.request.path_parameters"]) url = req.scheme + '://' + req.host + params [status, {'Location' => url, 'Content-Type' => 'text/html'}, ['Moved Permanently']] end end </code></pre> <p>There's a few things going on here, but the important part is the last few lines, where the <code>redirect</code> method returns a valid Rack endpoint. If you look closely at the code, you can see that the following would be valid as well:</p> <pre><code class="language-ruby">match "/api/v1/:api", :to => redirect {|params| "/api/v2/#{params[:api].pluralize}" } # and match "/api/v1/:api", :to => redirect(:status => 302) {|params| "/api/v2/#{params[:api].pluralize}" } </code></pre> <h2>Another Generic Action</h2> <p>Another nice generic action that Django provides is allowing you to render a template directly without needing an explicit action. It looks like this:</p> <pre><code class="language-python">urlpatterns = patterns('django.views.generic.simple', (r'^foo/$', 'direct_to_template', {'template': 'foo_index.html'}), (r'^foo/(?P<id>\d+)/$', 'direct_to_template', {'template': 'foo_detail.html'}), ) </code></pre> <p>This provides a special mechanism for rendering a template directly from the Django router. Again, this could be implemented by creating a special controller in Rails 2 and used as follows:</p> <pre><code class="language-ruby">class GenericController < ApplicationController def direct_to_template render(params[:options]) end end # Router map.connect "/foo", :controller => "generic", :action => "direct_to_template", :options => {:template => "foo_detail"} </code></pre> <h2>A Prettier API</h2> <p>A nicer way to do this would be something like this:</p> <pre><code class="language-ruby">match "/foo", :to => render("foo") </code></pre> <p>For the sake of clarity, let's say that directly rendered templates will come out of <code>app/views/direct</code> unless otherwise specified. Also, let's say that the render method should work identically to the render method used in Rails controllers themselves, so that <code lang="ruby">render :template => "foo", :status => 201, :content_type => Mime::JSON</code> et al will work as expected.</p> <p>In order to make this work, we'll use <code>ActionController::Metal</code>, which exposes a Rack-compatible object with access to all of the powers of a full <code>ActionController::Base</code> object.</p> <pre><code class="language-ruby">class RenderDirectly < ActionController::Metal include ActionController::Rendering include ActionController::Layouts append_view_path Rails.root.join("app", "views", "direct") append_view_path Rails.root.join("app", "views") layout "application" def index render *env["generic_views.render_args"] end end module GenericActions module Render def render(*args) app = RenderDirectly.action(:index) lambda do |env| env["generic_views.render_args"] = args app.call(env) end end end end </code></pre> <p>The trick here is that we're subclassing <code>ActionController::Metal</code> and pulling in just <code>Rendering</code> and <code>Layouts</code>, which gives you full access to the normal rendering API without any of the other overhead of normal controllers. We add both the <code>direct</code> directory and the normal view directory to the view path, which means that any templates you place inside <code>app/views/direct</code> will take be used first, but it'll fall back to the normal view directory for layouts or partials. We also specify that the layout is <code>application</code>, which is not the default in Rails 3 <strong>in this case</strong> since our metal controller does not inherit from <code>ApplicationController</code>.</p> <h3>Note for the Curious</h3> <blockquote>In all normal application cases, Rails will look up the inheritance chain for a named layout matching the controller name. This means that the Rails 2 behavior, which allows you to provide a layout named after the controller, still works exactly the same as before, and that <code>ApplicationController</code> is just another controller name, and <code>application.html.erb</code> is its default layout.</blockquote> <p>And then, the actual use in your application:</p> <pre><code class="language-ruby">Rails.application.routes do extend GenericActions match "/foo", :to => render("foo_index") # match "/foo" => render("foo_index") is a valid shortcut for the simple case match "/foo/:id", :constraints => {:id => /\d+/}, :to => render("foo_detail") end </code></pre> <p>Of course, because we're using a real controller shell, you'll be able to use any other options available on the render (like :status, :content_type, :location, :action, :layout, etc.).</p>  </div> <div class="c-post-footer post-footer flex flex-col gap-9 items-start justify-start w-full"> <div class="c-post-footer-unless-member lazyhedwik-element 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