CINXE.COM
Document Zbl 07905063 - zbMATH Open
<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>Document Zbl 07905063 - zbMATH Open</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, minimum-scale=0.1, maximum-scale=5.0"> <meta name="robots" content="noarchive, noindex"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <link href="https://static.zbmath.org/contrib/bootstrap/v3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" media="screen,print"> <link href="https://static.zbmath.org/contrib/bootstrap/v3.3.7/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css" rel="stylesheet" media="screen,print"> <link href="https://static.zbmath.org/contrib/bootstrap-lightbox/v0.7.0/bootstrap-lightbox.min.css" rel="stylesheet" media="screen,print"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.zbmath.org/contrib/bootstrap-select/v1.13.14/css/bootstrap-select.min.css"> <link href="/static/css/smoothness/jquery-ui-1.10.1.custom.min.css" rel="stylesheet" media="screen"> <link href="/static/styles.css?v=20241024" rel="stylesheet" media="screen,print"> <link href="https://static.zbmath.org/zbMathJax/v0.1.38/zbmathjax.css" rel="stylesheet" media="screen,print"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/static/zbmath.ico"> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "Organization", "url": "https://zbmath.org/", "logo": "https://zbmath.org/static/zbMATH.png" } </script> </head> <body> <div id="line"></div> <span id="clear" style="cursor: pointer;">×</span> <div id="page"> <div id="head"> <nav id="menu" class="navbar navbar-default"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#zbnav" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> <a class="navbar-brand" href="#"> <img class="logo" src="/static/zbmath.gif" alt="zbMATH Open logo"> </a> </div> <div id="zbnav" class="collapse navbar-collapse"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav pages"> <li class="about"> <a href="/about/">About</a> </li> <li class="frequently-asked-questions"> <a href="/frequently-asked-questions/">FAQ</a> </li> <li class="general-help"> <a href="/general-help/">General Help</a> </li> <li class="reviewer-service"> <a href="https://zbmath.org/reviewer-service/" target="_self" >Reviewer Service</a> </li> <li> <a href="/tools-and-resources/">Tools & Resources</a> </li> <li class="contact"> <a href="/contact/">Contact</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right prefs"> <li class="preferences dropdown"> <a data-toggle="dropdown" href="#">Preferences <i class="caret"></i></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu preferences"> <li> <form id="preferences" class="navbar-form" method="post" action="/preferences/" onsubmit="return confirm('This website uses cookies for the purposes of storing preference information on your device. Do you agree to this?\n\nPlease refer to our Privacy Policy to learn more about our use of cookies.')" > <input type="hidden" name="path" value="/07905063?"> <span class=""> <label class="title">Search Form</label> <div class="form-group"> <input id="search-multi-line" type="radio" name="search" value="multi-line" checked> <label for="search-multi-line" class="radio">Multi-Line Search (default)</label> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="search-one-line" type="radio" name="search" value="one-line"> <label for="search-one-line" class="radio">One-Line Search</label> </div> </span> <span class="count"> <label class="title">Hits per Page</label> <div class="form-group"> <input id="count-10" type="radio" name="count" value="10"> <label for="count-10" class="radio">10</label> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="count-20" type="radio" name="count" value="20"> <label for="count-20" class="radio">20</label> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="count-50" type="radio" name="count" value="50"> <label for="count-50" class="radio">50</label> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="count-100" type="radio" name="count" value="100" checked> <label for="count-100" class="radio">100 (default)</label> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="count-200" type="radio" name="count" value="200"> <label for="count-200" class="radio">200</label> </div> </span> <span class="format"> <label class="title">Display Format</label> <div class="form-group"> <input id="format-mathjax" type="radio" name="format" value="mathjax" checked> <label for="format-mathjax" class="radio">MathJax (default)</label> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="format-amstex" type="radio" name="format" value="latex"> <label for="format-amstex" class="radio">LaTeX</label> </div> </span> <span class="ranking"> <label class="title">Documents Sorting</label> <div class="form-group"> <input id="documents-ranking-default" type="radio" name="documents_ranking" value="date" checked> <label for="documents-ranking-default" class="radio">Newest first (default)</label> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="documents-ranking-references" type="radio" name="documents_ranking" value="references"> <label for="documents-ranking-references" class="radio">Citations</label> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="documents-ranking-relevance" type="radio" name="documents_ranking" value="relevance"> <label for="documents-ranking-relevance" class="radio">Relevance</label> </div> </span> <span class="ranking"> <label class="title">Authors Sorting</label> <div class="form-group"> <input id="authors-ranking-default" type="radio" name="authors_ranking" value="alpha" checked> <label for="authors-ranking-default" class="radio">Alphabetically (default)</label> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="authors-ranking-references" type="radio" name="authors_ranking" value="references"> <label for="authors-ranking-references" class="radio">Citations</label> </div> </span> <span class="ranking"> <label class="title">Serials Sorting</label> <div class="form-group"> <input id="serials-ranking-default" type="radio" name="serials_ranking" value="alpha" checked> <label for="serials-ranking-default" class="radio">Alphabetically (default)</label> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="serials-ranking-references" type="radio" name="serials_ranking" value="references"> <label for="serials-ranking-references" class="radio">Citations</label> </div> </span> <span class="ranking"> <label class="title">Software Sorting</label> <div class="form-group"> <input id="software-ranking-default" type="radio" name="software_ranking" value="references" checked> <label for="software-ranking-default" class="radio">Citations (default)</label> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="software-ranking-alpha" type="radio" name="software_ranking" value="alpha"> <label for="software-ranking-alpha" class="radio">Alphabetically</label> </div> </span> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">OK</button> <div class="clearfix"> </form> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="tabs"> <h1 class="logo"> <a class="logo" href="/"> <img class="logo" src="/static/zbmath.gif" alt="zbMATH Open — the first resource for mathematics" > </a> </h1> <nav> <ul class="nav nav-tabs"> <li class="tab-documents active"> <a href="/">Documents</a> </li> <li class="tab-authors"> <a href="/authors/">Authors</a> </li> <li class="tab-serials"> <a href="/serials/">Serials</a> </li> <li class="tab-software"> <a href="/software/">Software</a> </li> <li class="tab-classification"> <a href="/classification/">Classification</a> </li> <li class="tab-formulae"> <a href="/formulae/">Formulæ</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> <div class="content-fixed"> <div class="content-formular"> <div style="display: none;"> <div class="row ml-0"id="multi-line-new-line" style="display: none;"> <div class="col-xs-12 form-inline multi-line"> <select class="form-control multi-line-field multi-line-selectpicker" name="ml-0-f" aria-label="field"> <option data-type="input" value="any" selected>Anywhere</option> <option data-type="input" value="au">Authors</option> <option data-type="input" value="ti">Title</option> <option data-type="input" value="py">Year</option> <option data-type="range" value="pyr">Year Range</option> <option data-type="input" value="cc">MSC</option> <option data-type="input" value="cc1">MSC Primary</option> <option data-type="input" value="so">Source / Journal</option> <option data-type="input" value="pu">Publisher</option> <option data-type="input" value="la">Language</option> <option data-type="input" value="ab">Summary / Review</option> <option data-type="input" value="rv">Reviewer</option> <option data-type="input" value="an">zbMATH ID</option> <option data-type="input" value="en">External ID</option> <option data-type="input" value="ut">Keywords</option> <option data-type="input" value="sw">Software</option> <option data-type="input" value="br">Biographic Ref</option> <option data-type="input" value="rft">Reference Text</option> <option data-type="multiselect-db" value="db">Database</option> <option data-divider="true"></option> <option data-function="remove-line" data-content='<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-minus" aria-hidden="true"></span> remove line' value="any">remove line</option> </select><input name="ml-0-v" class="form-control multi-line-value multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value"><select class="form-control multi-line-operators multi-line-selectpicker" name="ml-0-op" aria-label="operator"> <option value="and" selected>AND</option> <option value="andnot">AND NOT</option> <option value="or">OR</option> </select></div> </div> <input name="ml-0-v" class="form-control multi-line-value multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value" id="multi-line-type-input"> <span class="multi-line-value" id="multi-line-type-range"><span style="padding-left: 5px;">from</span> <input name="ml-0-v1" class="form-control multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value"> until <input name="ml-0-v2" class="form-control multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value"></span> <input name="ml-0-v" class="form-control multi-line-value multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value" id="multi-line-type-input-la" placeholder="use name or ISO code"> <input name="ml-0-v" class="form-control multi-line-value multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value" id="multi-line-type-input-rv" placeholder="enter name or zbMATH reviewer number"> <input name="ml-0-v" class="form-control multi-line-value multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value" id="multi-line-type-input-an" placeholder="Zbl, JFM or ERAM number"> <input name="ml-0-v" class="form-control multi-line-value multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value" id="multi-line-type-input-en" placeholder="e.g. DOI, ISBN, arXiv ID"> <input name="ml-0-v" class="form-control multi-line-value multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value" id="multi-line-type-input-sw" placeholder="use * to find all documents using software"> <input name="ml-0-v" class="form-control multi-line-value multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value" id="multi-line-type-input-br" placeholder="find documents about the life or work of a person"> <span class="multi-line-value" id="multi-line-type-multiselect-db"> <select class="multi-line-selectpicker" data-width="100%" multiple> <option value="zbl">Zbl</option> <option value="arxiv">arXiv</option> <option value="jfm">JFM</option> <option value="eram">ERAM</option> </select> <input type="hidden" class="multi-line-input" name="ml-0-v" value=""> </span> </div> <form name="documents" method="GET" action="/" autocomplete="off"> <div class="documents multi-line" style="display: none;"> <div class="forms"> <ul class="nav forms"> <li class="one-line"> <span tabindex="0" class="glyphicon glyphicon-question-sign" title="One-Line Search allows for free logical combinations of search fields" aria-label="One-Line Search allows for free logical combinations of search fields" data-placement="bottom"></span> <a style="display: inline-block;" href="#">One-Line Search <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-search"></span></a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="container-fluid"> <input type="hidden" id="multi-line-ml" name="ml" value="3"> <div id="multi-line-row-wrapper"> <div class="row ml-1"> <div class="col-xs-12 form-inline multi-line"> <select class="form-control multi-line-field multi-line-selectpicker" name="ml-1-f" aria-label="field"> <option data-type="input" value="any" selected>Anywhere</option> <option data-type="input" value="au">Authors</option> <option data-type="input" value="ti">Title</option> <option data-type="input" value="py">Year</option> <option data-type="range" value="pyr">Year Range</option> <option data-type="input" value="cc">MSC</option> <option data-type="input" value="cc1">MSC Primary</option> <option data-type="input" value="so">Source / Journal</option> <option data-type="input" value="pu">Publisher</option> <option data-type="input" value="la">Language</option> <option data-type="input" value="ab">Summary / Review</option> <option data-type="input" value="rv">Reviewer</option> <option data-type="input" value="an">zbMATH ID</option> <option data-type="input" value="en">External ID</option> <option data-type="input" value="ut">Keywords</option> <option data-type="input" value="sw">Software</option> <option data-type="input" value="br">Biographic Ref</option> <option data-type="input" value="rft">Reference Text</option> <option data-type="multiselect-db" value="db">Database</option> <option data-divider="true"></option> <option data-function="remove-line" data-content='<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-minus" aria-hidden="true"></span> remove line' value="any">remove line</option> </select><input name="ml-1-v" class="form-control multi-line-value multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value"><select class="form-control multi-line-operators multi-line-selectpicker" name="ml-1-op" aria-label="operator"> <option value="and" selected>AND</option> <option value="andnot">AND NOT</option> <option value="or">OR</option> </select></div> </div> <div class="row ml-2"> <div class="col-xs-12 form-inline multi-line"> <select class="form-control multi-line-field multi-line-selectpicker" name="ml-2-f" aria-label="field"> <option data-type="input" value="any">Anywhere</option> <option data-type="input" value="au" selected>Authors</option> <option data-type="input" value="ti">Title</option> <option data-type="input" value="py">Year</option> <option data-type="range" value="pyr">Year Range</option> <option data-type="input" value="cc">MSC</option> <option data-type="input" value="cc1">MSC Primary</option> <option data-type="input" value="so">Source / Journal</option> <option data-type="input" value="pu">Publisher</option> <option data-type="input" value="la">Language</option> <option data-type="input" value="ab">Summary / Review</option> <option data-type="input" value="rv">Reviewer</option> <option data-type="input" value="an">zbMATH ID</option> <option data-type="input" value="en">External ID</option> <option data-type="input" value="ut">Keywords</option> <option data-type="input" value="sw">Software</option> <option data-type="input" value="br">Biographic Ref</option> <option data-type="input" value="rft">Reference Text</option> <option data-type="multiselect-db" value="db">Database</option> <option data-divider="true"></option> <option data-function="remove-line" data-content='<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-minus" aria-hidden="true"></span> remove line' value="any">remove line</option> </select><input name="ml-2-v" class="form-control multi-line-value multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value"><select class="form-control multi-line-operators multi-line-selectpicker" name="ml-2-op" aria-label="operator"> <option value="and" selected>AND</option> <option value="andnot">AND NOT</option> <option value="or">OR</option> </select></div> </div> <div class="row ml-3"> <div class="col-xs-12 form-inline multi-line"> <select class="form-control multi-line-field multi-line-selectpicker" name="ml-3-f" aria-label="field"> <option data-type="input" value="any">Anywhere</option> <option data-type="input" value="au">Authors</option> <option data-type="input" value="ti" selected>Title</option> <option data-type="input" value="py">Year</option> <option data-type="range" value="pyr">Year Range</option> <option data-type="input" value="cc">MSC</option> <option data-type="input" value="cc1">MSC Primary</option> <option data-type="input" value="so">Source / Journal</option> <option data-type="input" value="pu">Publisher</option> <option data-type="input" value="la">Language</option> <option data-type="input" value="ab">Summary / Review</option> <option data-type="input" value="rv">Reviewer</option> <option data-type="input" value="an">zbMATH ID</option> <option data-type="input" value="en">External ID</option> <option data-type="input" value="ut">Keywords</option> <option data-type="input" value="sw">Software</option> <option data-type="input" value="br">Biographic Ref</option> <option data-type="input" value="rft">Reference Text</option> <option data-type="multiselect-db" value="db">Database</option> <option data-divider="true"></option> <option data-function="remove-line" data-content='<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-minus" aria-hidden="true"></span> remove line' value="any">remove line</option> </select><input name="ml-3-v" class="form-control multi-line-value multi-line-input" type="text" value="" aria-label="value"><div id="multi-line-plus"> <a href="#"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus" aria-hidden="true"></span> add line</a> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 form-inline"> <div class="form-group field checkboxes-wrapper" id="checkboxes-wrapper-test" style="visibility: hidden; position: fixed;"> <label>Document Type:</label> <div class="checkboxes"> <div class="slider"> <label title="search for Articles in Journals"> <input type="checkbox" class="form-control" value="j" checked> <span tabindex="0"><small></small></span> Journal Articles </label> </div> <div class="slider"> <label title="search for Articles in Conference Proceedings and Collected Volumes"> <input type="checkbox" class="form-control" value="a" checked> <span tabindex="0"><small></small></span> Collection Articles </label> </div> <div class="slider"> <label title="search for Monographs, Proceedings, Dissertations etc."> <input type="checkbox" class="form-control" value="b" checked> <span tabindex="0"><small></small></span> Books </label> </div> <div class="slider"> <label title="search for arXiv Preprints"> <input type="checkbox" class="form-control" value="p" checked> <span tabindex="0"><small></small></span> arXiv Preprints </label> </div> </div> </div> <div class="form-group field checkboxes-wrapper" id="checkboxes-wrapper-real"> <label>Document Type:</label> <div class="checkboxes"> <div class="slider"> <label for="dt-j" title="search for Articles in Journals"> <input type="checkbox" id="dt-j" name="dt" class="form-control" value="j" checked> <span tabindex="0"><small></small></span> Journal Articles </label> </div> <div class="slider"> <label for="dt-a" title="search for Articles in Conference Proceedings and Collected Volumes"> <input type="checkbox" id="dt-a" name="dt" class="form-control" value="a" checked> <span tabindex="0"><small></small></span> Collection Articles </label> </div> <div class="slider"> <label for="dt-b" title="search for Monographs, Proceedings, Dissertations etc."> <input type="checkbox" id="dt-b" name="dt" class="form-control" value="b" checked> <span tabindex="0"><small></small></span> Books </label> </div> <div class="slider"> <label for="dt-p" title="search for arXiv Preprints"> <input type="checkbox" id="dt-p" name="dt" class="form-control" value="p" checked> <span tabindex="0"><small></small></span> arXiv Preprints </label> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 buttons"> <a tabindex="0" class="btn btn-default clear-all">Reset all <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-remove"></span></a> <div class="submit"> <button class="btn btn-default search" type="submit">Search <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-search"></span></button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </form> <form class="form-inline" name="documents" method="GET" action="/"> <div class="documents one-line" style="display: block;"> <div class="forms"> <ul class="nav forms"> <li class="multi-line"><a href="#">New Multi-Line Search <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-list"></span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="search-row" class="input-group box"> <span> <div id="search-field"> <input class="query form-control" type="text" name="q" value="an:07905063" aria-label="Search for documents" placeholder="Search for documents" autocomplete="off"> </div> <div class="search-buttons input-group-btn"> <div class="btn-group"> <button class="btn btn-default search" type="submit"><span class="virtual">Search</span> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-search" style="top: 2px;"></span></button> </div> </div> </span> <span> <div class="search-buttons input-group-btn"> <div class="btn-group"> <div class="btn-group fields"> <button class="btn btn-default dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Fields <i class="caret"></i></button> <ul id="fields" class="dropdown-menu pull-right"> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">any:</span><span> </span>anywhere (default)</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">ab:</span><span> </span>review text</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">an:</span><span> </span>zbmath id</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">any:</span><span> </span>anywhere</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">au:</span><span> </span>contributor name</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">br:</span><span> </span>biographic reference name</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">cc:</span><span> </span>msc title</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">dt:</span><span> </span>document type</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">doi:</span><span> </span>doi</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">en:</span><span> </span>external id</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">la:</span><span> </span>language</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">pu:</span><span> </span>publisher</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">py:</span><span> </span>year</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">rv:</span><span> </span>reviewer name</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">so:</span><span> </span>source</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">sw:</span><span> </span>software name</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">ti:</span><span> </span>title</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token item">ut:</span><span> </span>keyword</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="btn-group operators"> <button class="btn btn-default dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Operators <i class="caret"></i></button> <ul id="operators" class="dropdown-menu pull-right"> <li><a href="#"><span class="token">a <span class="item">&</span> b </span><span> </span>logical and (default)</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token">a <span class="item">|</span> b </span><span> </span>logical or</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token"><span class="item">!</span>ab </span><span> </span>logical not</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token">abc<span class="item">*</span> </span><span> </span>right wildcard</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token"><span class="item">"</span>ab c<span class="item">"</span></span><span> </span>phrase</a></li> <li><a href="#"><span class="token"><span class="item">(</span>ab c<span class="item">)</span></span><span> </span>parentheses</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="special"> <ul class="nav help-button"> <li class="dropdown pull-right"> <a href="#">Help <i class="caret"></i></a> </li> </ul> </div> </span> </div> <div class="help"><h2>Examples</h2> <div id="help-terms" role="table"> <div class="help-item" role="row"> <span class="search-example" role="rowheader"><a href="/?q=Geometry">Geometry</a></span> <span class="search-explanation" role="cell" role="cell">Search for the term <em>Geometry</em> in <strong>any</strong> field. Queries are <strong>case-independent</strong>.</span> </div> <div class="help-item" role="row"> <span class="search-example" role="rowheader"><a href="/?q=Funct%2A">Funct*</a></span> <span class="search-explanation" role="cell"><strong>Wildcard</strong> queries are specified by <strong><u>*</u></strong> (e.g. <em>functions</em>, <em>functorial</em>, etc.). Otherwise the search is <strong>exact</strong>.</span> </div> <div class="help-item" role="row"> <span class="search-example" role="rowheader"><a href="/?q=%22Topological+group%22">"Topological group"</a></span> <span class="search-explanation" role="cell"><strong>Phrases</strong> (multi-words) should be set in <u>"</u>straight quotation marks<u>"</u>.</span> </div> <div class="help-item" role="row"> <span class="search-example" role="rowheader"><a href="/?q=au%3A+Bourbaki+%26+ti%3A+Algebra">au: Bourbaki & ti: Algebra</a></span> <span class="search-explanation" role="cell">Search for <strong><u>au</u>thor</strong> and <strong><u>ti</u>tle</strong>. The <strong>and-operator &</strong> is default and can be omitted.</span> </div> <div class="help-item" role="row"> <span class="search-example" role="rowheader"><a href="/?q=Chebyshev+%7C+Tschebyscheff">Chebyshev | Tschebyscheff</a></span> <span class="search-explanation" role="cell">The <strong>or-operator |</strong> allows to search for <em>Chebyshev</em> or <em>Tschebyscheff</em>.</span> </div> <div class="help-item" role="row"> <span class="search-example" role="rowheader"><a href="/?q=Quasi%2A+map%2A+py%3A+1989">Quasi* map* py: 1989</a></span> <span class="search-explanation" role="cell">The resulting documents have <strong><u>p</u>ublication <u>y</u>ear</strong> <em>1989</em>.</span> </div> <div class="help-item" role="row"> <span class="search-example" role="rowheader"><a href="/?q=so%3A+Eur%2A+J%2A+Mat%2A+Soc%2A+cc%3A+14">so: Eur* J* Mat* Soc* cc: 14</a></span> <span class="search-explanation" role="cell">Search for publications in a particular <strong><u>so</u>urce</strong> with a <strong>Mathematics Subject <u>C</u>lassification <u>c</u>ode (<u>cc</u>)</strong> in <em>14</em>.</span> </div> <div class="help-item" role="row"> <span class="search-example" role="rowheader"><a href="/?q=%22Partial+diff%2A+eq%2A%22+%21+elliptic">"Partial diff* eq*" ! elliptic</a></span> <span class="search-explanation" role="cell">The <strong>not</strong>-operator <strong>!</strong> eliminates all results containing the word <em>elliptic</em>.</span> </div> <div class="help-item" role="row"> <span class="search-example" role="rowheader"><a href="/?q=dt%3A+b+%26+au%3A+Hilbert">dt: b & au: Hilbert</a></span> <span class="search-explanation" role="cell">The <strong><u>d</u>ocument <u>t</u>ype</strong> is set to books; alternatively: <u>j</u> for <strong>journal articles</strong>, <u>a</u> for <strong>book articles</strong>.</span> </div> <div class="help-item" role="row"> <span class="search-example" role="rowheader"><a href="/?q=py%3A+2000-2015+cc%3A+%2894A+%7C+11T%29">py: 2000-2015 cc: (94A | 11T)</a></span> <span class="search-explanation" role="cell">Number <strong>ranges</strong> are accepted. Terms can be grouped within <strong><u>(</u>parentheses<u>)</u></strong>.</span> </div> <div class="help-item" role="row"> <span class="search-example" role="rowheader"><a href="/?q=la%3A+chinese">la: chinese</a></span> <span class="search-explanation" role="cell">Find documents in a given <strong><u>la</u>nguage</strong>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639-1">ISO 639-1</a> language codes can also be used.</span> </div> </div> <div id="help-fields"> <h2>Fields</h2> <table> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>any</strong></td> <td class="padding">anywhere</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>an</strong></td> <td class="padding">internal document identifier</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>au</strong></td> <td class="padding">author, editor</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>ai</strong></td> <td class="padding">internal author identifier</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>ti</strong></td> <td class="padding">title</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>la</strong></td> <td class="padding">language</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>so</strong></td> <td class="padding">source</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>ab</strong></td> <td class="padding">review, abstract</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>py</strong></td> <td class="padding">publication year</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>rv</strong></td> <td class="padding">reviewer</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>cc</strong></td> <td class="padding">MSC code</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>ut</strong></td> <td class="padding">uncontrolled term</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>dt</strong></td> <td class="padding" colspan="4">document type (<strong>j</strong>: journal article; <strong>b</strong>: book; <strong>a</strong>: book article)</td> </tr> </table> </div> <div id="help-operators"> <h2>Operators</h2> <table> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader">a <strong>&</strong> b</td> <td class="padding">logic and</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader">a <strong>|</strong> b</td> <td class="padding">logic or</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>!</strong>ab</td> <td class="padding">logic not</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader">abc<strong>*</strong></td> <td class="padding">right wildcard</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>"</strong>ab c<strong>"</strong></td> <td class="padding">phrase</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap padding" role="rowheader"><strong>(</strong>ab c<strong>)</strong></td> <td class="padding">parentheses</td> </tr> </table> </div> <p> See also our <a href="/general-help/">General Help</a>. </p></div> </div> </form> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> <div class="content-shadow"></div> </div> </div> <div id="body"> <div id="main"> <div class="messages"> </div> <div id="documents"> <div class="content-main"> <div class="content-item"><div class="item"> <article> <div class="author"><a href="/authors/ephremidze.lasha" title="Author Profile">Ephremidze, Lasha</a>; <a href="/authors/mishuris.gennady-s" title="Author Profile">Mishuris, Gennady</a>; <a href="/authors/spitkovsky.ilya-matvey" title="Author Profile">Spitkovsky, Ilya M.</a></div> <h2 class="title"> <strong>On the exact spectral factorization of rational matrix functions with applications to paraunitary filter banks.</strong> <i>(English)</i> <a class="label nowrap" href="/7905063">Zbl 07905063</a> </h2> <div class="source"> <a href="/serials/2184" title="Journal Profile">J. Fourier Anal. Appl.</a> <a href="/?q=in%3A515153" title="Articles in this Issue">30, No. 4, Paper No. 43, 24 p. (2024)</a>. </div> <div class="abstract">Spectral factorization is a process by which a positive definite matrix function \(S\) on the unit circle \(\mathbb{T}\) is expressed in the form \(S(t)=S_+(t)S_+^*(t)\), where \(S_+\) can be extended analytically inside \(\mathbb{T}\) and \(S_+^*\) is its Hermitian conjugate. The main result of the paper says that if \(S\) is an \(r\times r\) polynomial matrix function which is positive definite on \(\mathbb{T}\) and \(S(z)=M(z)M^*(z)\) is its lower-upper factorization with \[ M(z)= \left(\begin{array}{ccccc} f_1^+(z) & 0 & \dots & 0 & 0 \\ \xi_{21}(z) & f_2^*(z) & \dots & 0 & 0 \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots & \vdots \\ \xi_{r-1,1} (z) & \xi_{r-1,2}(z) & \dots & \xi_{r-1}^+(z) & 0 \\ \xi_{r1}(z) & \xi_{r2}(z) & \dots & \xi_{r,r-1}(z) & f_r^+(z) \end{array}\right). \] If the entries of the matrix function \(M\) and the poles of the functions \(\xi_{ij}\) inside \(\mathbb{T}\) are known exactly, then the spectral factorization of \(S\) can also be found exactly. Some applications of the obtained results in signal processing are discussed.<div class="reviewer"> Reviewer: <a href="/authors/?q=rv%3A10736">Oleksiy Karlovych (Lisboa)</a></div> <div class="clearfix"></div></div> <div class="clear"></div> <br> <div class="citations"><div class="clear"><a href="/?q=rf%3A7905063">Cited in <strong>1</strong> Document</a></div></div> <div class="classification"> <h3>MSC:</h3> <table><tr> <td> <a class="mono" href="/classification/?q=cc%3A47A68" title="MSC2020">47A68</a> </td> <td class="space"> Factorization theory (including Wiener-Hopf and spectral factorizations) of linear operators </td> </tr><tr> <td> <a class="mono" href="/classification/?q=cc%3A65T60" title="MSC2020">65T60</a> </td> <td class="space"> Numerical methods for wavelets </td> </tr><tr> <td> <a class="mono" href="/classification/?q=cc%3A15A83" title="MSC2020">15A83</a> </td> <td class="space"> Matrix completion problems </td> </tr></table> </div><div class="keywords"> <h3>Keywords:</h3><a href="/?q=ut%3Amatrix+spectral+factorization">matrix spectral factorization</a>; <a href="/?q=ut%3Aparaunitary+matrix+functions">paraunitary matrix functions</a>; <a href="/?q=ut%3Amatrix+completion+problem">matrix completion problem</a></div> <div class="software"> <h3>Software:</h3><a href="/software/46540">ExactMPF</a></div> <!-- Modal used to show zbmath metadata in different output formats--> <div class="modal fade" id="metadataModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel"> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> <h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">Cite</h4> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <div class="form-group"> <label for="select-output" class="control-label">Format</label> <select id="select-output" class="form-control" aria-label="Select Metadata format"></select> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="metadataText" class="control-label">Result</label> <textarea class="form-control" id="metadataText" rows="10" style="min-width: 100%;max-width: 100%"></textarea> </div> <div id="metadata-alert" class="alert alert-danger" role="alert" style="display: none;"> <!-- alert for connection errors etc --> </div> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" onclick="copyMetadata()">Copy to clipboard</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="functions clearfix"> <div class="function"> <!-- Button trigger metadata modal --> <a type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-xs pdf" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#metadataModal" data-itemtype="Zbl" data-itemname="Zbl 07905063" data-ciurl="/ci/07905063" data-biburl="/bibtex/07905063.bib" data-amsurl="/amsrefs/07905063.bib" data-xmlurl="/xml/07905063.xml" > Cite </a> <a class="btn btn-default btn-xs pdf" data-container="body" type="button" href="/pdf/07905063.pdf" title="Zbl 07905063 as PDF">Review PDF</a> </div> <div class="fulltexts"> <span class="fulltext">Full Text:</span> <a class="btn btn-default btn-xs" type="button" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00041-024-10100-3" aria-label="DOI for “On the exact spectral factorization of rational matrix functions with applications to paraunitary filter banks”" title="10.1007/s00041-024-10100-3">DOI</a> <a class="btn btn-default btn-xs" type="button" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.03518"title="Note: arXiv document may differ from published version">arXiv</a> </div> <div class="sfx" style="float: right;"> </div> </div> <div class="references"> <h3>References:</h3> <table><tr> <td>[1]</td> <td class="space">Adukov, VM; Adukova, NV; Mishuris, G., An explicit Wiener-Hopf factorization algorithm for matrix polynomials and its exact realizations within ExactMPF package, Proc. R. Soc. Lond., 478, 20210941, 2022 · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2021.0941" class="nowrap">doi:10.1098/rspa.2021.0941</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[2]</td> <td class="space">Anderson, BDO; Moore, JB, Optimal Filtering, 1979, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, New Jersey</td> </tr><tr> <td>[3]</td> <td class="space">Barry, JR; Lee, EA; Messerschmitt, DG, Digital Communication, 2004, New York: Springer, New York · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0227-2" class="nowrap">doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0227-2</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[4]</td> <td class="space">Böttcher, A.; Halwass, M., A Newton method for canonical Wiener-Hopf and spectral factorization of matrix polynomials, Electron. J. Linear Algebra, 26, 873-897, 2013 · <a href="/1303.47026" class="nowrap">Zbl 1303.47026</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.13001/1081-3810.1693" class="nowrap">doi:10.13001/1081-3810.1693</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[5]</td> <td class="space">Daubechies, I., Ten Lectures on Wavelets, 1992, Philadelhia: SIAM, Philadelhia · <a href="/0776.42018" class="nowrap">Zbl 0776.42018</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611970104" class="nowrap">doi:10.1137/1.9781611970104</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[6]</td> <td class="space">Davis, JH, Foundations of Deterministic and Stochastic Control, 2002, Boston: Birkhäuser Boston Inc, Boston · <a href="/1002.93003" class="nowrap">Zbl 1002.93003</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0071-0" class="nowrap">doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-0071-0</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[7]</td> <td class="space">Ehler, M.; Han, B., Wavelet bi-frames with few generators from multivariate refinable functions, Appl. Comput. Harmon. Anal., 25, 407-414, 2008 · <a href="/1221.42062" class="nowrap">Zbl 1221.42062</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acha.2008.04.003" class="nowrap">doi:10.1016/j.acha.2008.04.003</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[8]</td> <td class="space">Ephremidze, L., An elementary proof of the polynomial matrix spectral factorization theorem, Proc. R. Soc. Edinb. Sect. A, 144, 747-751, 2014 · <a href="/1318.15006" class="nowrap">Zbl 1318.15006</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0308210512001552" class="nowrap">doi:10.1017/S0308210512001552</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[9]</td> <td class="space">Ephremidze, L.; Gamkrelidze, A.; Spitkovsky, I., On the spectral factorization of singular, noisy, and large matrices by Janashia-Lagvilava method, Trans. A. Razmadze Math. Inst., 176, 361-366, 2022 · <a href="/1545.47042" class="nowrap">Zbl 1545.47042</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[10]</td> <td class="space">Ephremidze, L.; Janashia, G.; Lagvilava, E., On approximate spectral factorization of matrix functions, J. Fourier Anal. Appl., 17, 976-990, 2011 · <a href="/1251.47020" class="nowrap">Zbl 1251.47020</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00041-010-9167-9" class="nowrap">doi:10.1007/s00041-010-9167-9</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[11]</td> <td class="space">Ephremidze, L.; Lagvilava, E., On compact wavelet matrices of rank \(m\) and of order and degree \(N\), J. Fourier Anal. Appl., 20, 401-420, 2014 · <a href="/1309.42047" class="nowrap">Zbl 1309.42047</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00041-013-9317-y" class="nowrap">doi:10.1007/s00041-013-9317-y</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[12]</td> <td class="space">Ephremidze, L.; Saied, F.; Spitkovsky, IM, On the algorithmization of Janashia-Lagvilava matrix spectral factorization method, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 64, 728-737, 2018 · <a href="/1392.65092" class="nowrap">Zbl 1392.65092</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TIT.2017.2772877" class="nowrap">doi:10.1109/TIT.2017.2772877</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[13]</td> <td class="space">Ephremidze, L., Spitkovsky, I.: An algorithm for \(J\)-spectral factorization of certain matrix functions. In: 60th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC), pp. 5820-5825 (2021). doi:10.1109/CDC45484.2021.9683123</td> </tr><tr> <td>[14]</td> <td class="space">Ephremidze, L.; Spitkovsky, IM, On multivariable matrix spectral factorization method, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 514, 2022 · <a href="/1507.47044" class="nowrap">Zbl 1507.47044</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmaa.2022.126300" class="nowrap">doi:10.1016/j.jmaa.2022.126300</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[15]</td> <td class="space">Fischer, R., Precoding and Signal Shaping for Digital Transmission, 2002, New York: Wiley, New York · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/0471439002" class="nowrap">doi:10.1002/0471439002</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[16]</td> <td class="space">Han, B., Zhuang, X.: Algorithms for matrix extension and orthogonal wavelet filter banks over algebraic number fields. Math. Comput. 82, 459-490 (2013). doi:10.1090/S0025-5718-2012-02618-4 · <a href="/1275.42052" class="nowrap">Zbl 1275.42052</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[17]</td> <td class="space">Jafarian, A., McWhirter, J.G.: A novel method for multichannel spectral factorization. In: Proceedings of the 20th European Signal Processing Conference, Bucharest, Romania, pp. 1069-1073 (2012)</td> </tr><tr> <td>[18]</td> <td class="space">Janashia, G.; Lagvilava, E., A method of approximate factorization of positive definite matrix functions, Stud. Math., 137, 93-100, 1999 · <a href="/0960.47013" class="nowrap">Zbl 0960.47013</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[19]</td> <td class="space">Janashia, G.; Lagvilava, E.; Ephremidze, L., A new method of matrix spectral factorization, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 57, 2318-2326, 2011 · <a href="/1367.65064" class="nowrap">Zbl 1367.65064</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TIT.2011.2112233" class="nowrap">doi:10.1109/TIT.2011.2112233</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[20]</td> <td class="space">Kolev, V.; Cooklev, T.; Keinert, F., Matrix spectral factorization for SA4 multiwavelet, Multidimensional Syst. Signal Process., 29, 1613-1641, 2018 · <a href="/1448.65039" class="nowrap">Zbl 1448.65039</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11045-017-0520-x" class="nowrap">doi:10.1007/s11045-017-0520-x</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[21]</td> <td class="space">Kolmogorov, A.N.: Stationary sequences in Hilbert’s space. In: Selected Works of A. N. Kolmogorov, vol. 2, Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics, pp. 228-272. Springer, Heidelberg (1992)</td> </tr><tr> <td>[22]</td> <td class="space">Kučera, V.: Factorization of rational spectral matrices: a survey of methods. In: Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Control, Edinburgh, vol. 2, pp. 1074-1078 (1991)</td> </tr><tr> <td>[23]</td> <td class="space">Lawton, W.; Lee, SL; Shen, Z., An algorithm for matrix extension and wavelet construction, Math. Comput., 65, 723-737, 1996 · <a href="/0842.41011" class="nowrap">Zbl 0842.41011</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1090/S0025-5718-96-00714-4" class="nowrap">doi:10.1090/S0025-5718-96-00714-4</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[24]</td> <td class="space">MacLaurin, JN; Robinson, PA, Determination of effective brain connectivity from activity correlations, Phys. Rev. E, 99, 2019 · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.99.042404" class="nowrap">doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.99.042404</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[25]</td> <td class="space">Park, P.: A Computational Theory of Laurent Polynomial Rings and Multidimensional FIR Systems. PhD thesis, UC Berkeley (1995)</td> </tr><tr> <td>[26]</td> <td class="space">Resnikoff, HR; Wells, RO, Wavelet Analysis, 1998, New York: Springer, New York · <a href="/0922.42020" class="nowrap">Zbl 0922.42020</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0593-7" class="nowrap">doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-0593-7</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[27]</td> <td class="space">Ri, C.; Paek, Y., Causal FIR symmetric paraunitary matrix extension and construction of symmetric tight \(M\)-dilated framelets, Appl. Comput. Harmon. Anal., 51, 437-460, 2021 · <a href="/1461.42026" class="nowrap">Zbl 1461.42026</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acha.2019.11.001" class="nowrap">doi:10.1016/j.acha.2019.11.001</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[28]</td> <td class="space">Sayed, AH; Kailath, T., A survey of spectral factorization methods, Numer. Linear Algebra Appl., 8, 467-496, 2001 · <a href="/1053.47013" class="nowrap">Zbl 1053.47013</a> · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/nla.250" class="nowrap">doi:10.1002/nla.250</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[29]</td> <td class="space">Vaidyanathan, PP, Multirate Systems and Filter Banks, 1993, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, New Jersey · <a href="/0784.93096" class="nowrap">Zbl 0784.93096</a></td> </tr><tr> <td>[30]</td> <td class="space">Wiener, N.; Masani, P., The prediction theory of multivariate stochastic processes II. The linear predictor, Acta Math., 99, 93-137, 1958 · <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02392423" class="nowrap">doi:10.1007/BF02392423</a></td> </tr></table> <div class="reference_disclaimer"> This reference list is based on information provided by the publisher or from digital mathematics libraries. Its items are heuristically matched to zbMATH identifiers and may contain data conversion errors. In some cases that data have been complemented/enhanced by data from zbMATH Open. This attempts to reflect the references listed in the original paper as accurately as possible without claiming completeness or a perfect matching. </div> </div></article> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </div> <div id="foot"><div class="copyright"> © 2025 <a target="fiz" href="https://www.fiz-karlsruhe.de/en">FIZ Karlsruhe GmbH</a> <a href="/privacy-policy/">Privacy Policy</a> <a href="/legal-notices/">Legal Notices</a> <a href="/terms-conditions/">Terms & Conditions</a> <div class="info"> <ul class="nav"> <li class="mastodon"> <a href="https://mathstodon.xyz/@zbMATH" target="_blank" class="no-new-tab-icon"> <img src="/static/mastodon.png" title="zbMATH at Mathstodon (opens in new tab)" alt="Mastodon logo"> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix" style="height: 0px;"></div> </div> </div> <script src="https://static.zbmath.org/contrib/jquery/1.9.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="https://static.zbmath.org/contrib/jquery-caret/1.5.2/jquery.caret.min.js"></script> <script src="/static/js/jquery-ui-1.10.1.custom.min.js"></script> <script src="https://static.zbmath.org/contrib/bootstrap/v3.3.7zb1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <script src="https://static.zbmath.org/contrib/bootstrap-lightbox/v0.7.0/bootstrap-lightbox.min.js"></script> <script src="https://static.zbmath.org/contrib/retina/unknown/retina.js"></script> <script src="https://static.zbmath.org/contrib/bootstrap-select/v1.13.14/js/bootstrap-select.min.js"></script> <script> var SCRIPT_ROOT = ""; </script> <script src="/static/scripts.js?v=20240926"> </script> <script src="https://static.zbmath.org/contrib/mathjax/2.7.1/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML"></script> <script type="text/x-mathjax-config"> MathJax.Hub.Config({ "HTML-CSS": { preferredFont: "TeX", availableFonts: [ "STIX", "TeX" ], linebreaks: { automatic: true }, EqnChunk: (MathJax.Hub.Browser.isMobile ? 10 : 50) }, tex2jax: { processEscapes: true, ignoreClass: "tex2jax_ignore|dno" }, TeX: { Macros: { Aut: "\\operatorname{Aut}", Hom: "\\operatorname{Hom}" }, noUndefined: { attributes: { mathcolor: "#039", //"red", mathbackground: "white", //"#FFEEEE", mathsize: "90%" } } }, messageStyle: "none" }); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function() { $("#MathInput").stop(true, true).keyup(function() { $.ajax({ url: "/mwsq/", type: "POST", data: { query : $("#MathInput").val() }, dataType: "text" }) .done(function(xml) { $("#MathPreview").html(xml); $(window).resize(); }); }); var press = jQuery.Event("keyup"); press.ctrlKey = false; press.which = 40; $("#MathInput").trigger(press); }); </script> <div id="new_tab_icon" style="display: none"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-new-window" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="sr-only">(opens in new tab)</span></div> </body> </html>