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class="vector-dropdown-label-text">보이기</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko" class=""><span>기부</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%ED%99%94%EC%84%9D%EC%97%B0%EB%A3%8C" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다" class=""><span>계정 만들기</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%ED%99%94%EC%84%9D%EC%97%B0%EB%A3%8C" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>로그인</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="더 많은 옵션" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="개인 도구" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">개인 도구</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="사용자 메뉴" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko"><span>기부</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%ED%99%94%EC%84%9D%EC%97%B0%EB%A3%8C" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>계정 만들기</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%ED%99%94%EC%84%9D%EC%97%B0%EB%A3%8C" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>로그인</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 로그아웃한 편집자를 위한 문서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C" aria-label="편집에 관해 더 알아보기"><span>더 알아보기</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC" title="이 IP 주소의 편집 목록 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>기여</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="현재 사용하는 IP 주소에 대한 토론 문서 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="사이트"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="목차" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">목차</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">처음 위치</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-개요" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#개요"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>개요</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-개요-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-기원" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#기원"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>기원</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-기원-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-중요성" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#중요성"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>중요성</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-중요성-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-환경_문제" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#환경_문제"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>환경 문제</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-환경_문제-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>환경 문제 하위섹션 토글하기</span> </button> <ul id="toc-환경_문제-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-산성비" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#산성비"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>산성비</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-산성비-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-호흡기질환(미세먼지)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#호흡기질환(미세먼지)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>호흡기질환(미세먼지)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-호흡기질환(미세먼지)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-지구온난화" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#지구온난화"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>지구온난화</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-지구온난화-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-같이_보기" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#같이_보기"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>같이 보기</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-같이_보기-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-각주" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#각주"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>각주</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-각주-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-외부_링크" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#외부_링크"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>외부 링크</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-외부_링크-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">목차 토글</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">화석연료</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="다른 언어로 문서를 방문합니다. 105개 언어로 읽을 수 있습니다" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-105" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">105개 언어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossielbrandstof" title="Fossielbrandstof – 아프리칸스어" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Fossielbrandstof" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="아프리칸스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossile_Energie" title="Fossile Energie – 독일어(스위스)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Fossile Energie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="독일어(스위스)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustible_f%C3%B3sil" title="Combustible fósil – 아라곤어" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Combustible fósil" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="아라곤어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="وقود أحفوري – 아랍어" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وقود أحفوري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustible_f%C3%B3sil" title="Combustible fósil – 아스투리아어" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Combustible fósil" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="아스투리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qal%C4%B1q_yanacaqlar" title="Qalıq yanacaqlar – 아제르바이잔어" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qalıq yanacaqlar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="아제르바이잔어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D2%99%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%8F%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1" title="Ҡаҙылма яғыулыҡ – 바슈키르어" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡаҙылма яғыулыҡ" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="바슈키르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%96%C5%A1kast%C4%97nis_kors" title="Ėškastėnis kors – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Ėškastėnis kors" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuel" title="Fossil fuel – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Fossil fuel" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Выкапнёвае паліва – 벨라루스어" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Выкапнёвае паліва" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="벨라루스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Выкапнёвае паліва – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Выкапнёвае паліва" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Изкопаемо гориво – 불가리아어" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Изкопаемо гориво" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="불가리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF" title="জীবাশ্ম জ্বালানি – 벵골어" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জীবাশ্ম জ্বালানি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="벵골어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trelosk_kondon" title="Trelosk kondon – 브르타뉴어" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Trelosk kondon" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="브르타뉴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosilna_goriva" title="Fosilna goriva – 보스니아어" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Fosilna goriva" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="보스니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%82%D2%AF%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%8D" title="Малтамал түлишэ – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Малтамал түлишэ" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustible_f%C3%B2ssil" title="Combustible fòssil – 카탈로니아어" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Combustible fòssil" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="카탈로니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%85%DB%95%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%81%DB%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="سووتەمەنیی فۆسیلی – 소라니 쿠르드어" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سووتەمەنیی فۆسیلی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="소라니 쿠르드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosiln%C3%AD_palivo" title="Fosilní palivo – 체코어" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fosilní palivo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="체코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanwydd_ffosil" title="Tanwydd ffosil – 웨일스어" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tanwydd ffosil" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="웨일스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossilt_br%C3%A6ndstof_og_br%C3%A6ndsel" title="Fossilt brændstof og brændsel – 덴마크어" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fossilt brændstof og brændsel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="덴마크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossile_Energie" title="Fossile Energie – 독일어" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fossile Energie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%81%CF%85%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%AC_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%8D%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Ορυκτά καύσιμα – 그리스어" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ορυκτά καύσιμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="그리스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuel" title="Fossil fuel – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Fossil fuel" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosilia_brula%C4%B5o" title="Fosilia brulaĵo – 에스페란토어" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fosilia brulaĵo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="에스페란토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustible_f%C3%B3sil" title="Combustible fósil – 스페인어" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Combustible fósil" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="스페인어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossiilk%C3%BCtus" title="Fossiilkütus – 에스토니아어" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Fossiilkütus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="에스토니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erregai_fosil" title="Erregai fosil – 바스크어" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erregai fosil" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="바스크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AE%D8%AA_%D9%81%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="سوخت فسیلی – 페르시아어" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سوخت فسیلی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="페르시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossiilinen_polttoaine" title="Fossiilinen polttoaine – 핀란드어" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Fossiilinen polttoaine" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="핀란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustible_fossile" title="Combustible fossile – 프랑스어" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Combustible fossile" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="프랑스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breosla_iontaise" title="Breosla iontaise – 아일랜드어" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Breosla iontaise" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="아일랜드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konbistib_fosil" title="Konbistib fosil – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Konbistib fosil" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustible_f%C3%B3sil" title="Combustible fósil – 갈리시아어" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Combustible fósil" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="갈리시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%85%E0%AA%B6%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF_%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%B3%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%A3" title="અશ્મિય બળતણ – 구자라트어" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="અશ્મિય બળતણ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="구자라트어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%9C%D7%A7_%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D" title="דלק מאובנים – 히브리어" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דלק מאובנים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="히브리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8" title="जीवाश्म ईंधन – 힌디어" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जीवाश्म ईंधन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="힌디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuel" title="Fossil fuel – 피지 힌디어" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Fossil fuel" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="피지 힌디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosilna_goriva" title="Fosilna goriva – 크로아티아어" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Fosilna goriva" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konbistib_fosil" title="Konbistib fosil – 아이티어" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Konbistib fosil" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="아이티어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosszilis_t%C3%BCzel%C5%91anyagok" title="Fosszilis tüzelőanyagok – 헝가리어" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fosszilis tüzelőanyagok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="헝가리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%B8_%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%AB%D6%84" title="Օրգանական հանածո վառելիք – 아르메니아어" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օրգանական հանածո վառելիք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="아르메니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustibile_fossile" title="Combustibile fossile – 인터링구아" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Combustibile fossile" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="인터링구아" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahan_bakar_fosil" title="Bahan bakar fosil – 인도네시아어" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahan bakar fosil" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="인도네시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosila_fuelo" title="Fosila fuelo – 이도어" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Fosila fuelo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="이도어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jar%C3%B0efnaeldsneyti" title="Jarðefnaeldsneyti – 아이슬란드어" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jarðefnaeldsneyti" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="아이슬란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustibile_fossile" title="Combustibile fossile – 이탈리아어" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Combustibile fossile" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="이탈리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E7%9F%B3%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="化石燃料 – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="化石燃料" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AC%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A6%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AC%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="წიაღისეული საწვავი – 조지아어" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="წიაღისეული საწვავი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="조지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Қазбалы отын – 카자흐어" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қазбалы отын" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="카자흐어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B3%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A7%E0%B2%A8" title="ಪಳೆಯುಳಿಕೆಯ ಇಂಧನ – 칸나다어" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪಳೆಯುಳಿಕೆಯ ಇಂಧನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="칸나다어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fomes_fossilis" title="Fomes fossilis – 라틴어" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Fomes fossilis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="라틴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustibel_fossil" title="Combustibel fossil – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Combustibel fossil" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%C3%A1_ebembe" title="Nguyá ebembe – 링갈라어" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Nguyá ebembe" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="링갈라어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C5%A1kastinis_kuras" title="Iškastinis kuras – 리투아니아어" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Iškastinis kuras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="리투아니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degizraktenis" title="Degizraktenis – 라트비아어" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Degizraktenis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="라트비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fandoro_f%C3%B4sily" title="Fandoro fôsily – 말라가시어" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fandoro fôsily" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="말라가시어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Фосилно гориво – 마케도니아어" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Фосилно гориво" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="마케도니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9C_%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="ഖനിജ ഇന്ധനം – 말라얄람어" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഖനിജ ഇന്ധനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="말라얄람어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Шатах ашигт малтмал – 몽골어" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Шатах ашигт малтмал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="몽골어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8" title="जीवाष्म इंधन – 마라티어" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जीवाष्म इंधन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="마라티어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahan_api_fosil" title="Bahan api fosil – 말레이어" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahan api fosil" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="말레이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC" title="ဇီဝရုပ်ကြွင်းလောင်စာ – 버마어" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဇီဝရုပ်ကြွင်းလောင်စာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="버마어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossile_Energie" title="Fossile Energie – 저지 독일어" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Fossile Energie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="저지 독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7_%E0%A4%8A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE" title="जीवावशेष ऊर्जा – 네팔어" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जीवावशेष ऊर्जा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="네팔어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4" title="फोसिल उर्जाश्रोत – 네와르어" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="फोसिल उर्जाश्रोत" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="네와르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossiele_brandstof" title="Fossiele brandstof – 네덜란드어" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fossiele brandstof" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="네덜란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_energi" title="Fossil energi – 노르웨이어(니노르스크)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fossil energi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(니노르스크)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossilt_brensel" title="Fossilt brensel – 노르웨이어(보크말)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fossilt brensel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(보크말)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustible_fossil" title="Combustible fossil – 오크어" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Combustible fossil" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="오크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%A3" title="ਪਥਰਾਟੀ ਬਾਲਣ – 펀잡어" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਥਰਾਟੀ ਬਾਲਣ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="펀잡어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paliwa_kopalne" title="Paliwa kopalne – 폴란드어" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Paliwa kopalne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="폴란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86" title="زمینی بالن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="زمینی بالن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%8A" title="فوسیلي سون‌توکي – 파슈토어" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="فوسیلي سون‌توکي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="파슈토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combust%C3%ADvel_f%C3%B3ssil" title="Combustível fóssil – 포르투갈어" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Combustível fóssil" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="포르투갈어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumiyasqa_rawrana" title="Rumiyasqa rawrana – 케추아어" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Rumiyasqa rawrana" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="케추아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustibil_fosil" title="Combustibil fosil – 루마니아어" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Combustibil fosil" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="루마니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Ископаемое топливо – 러시아어" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ископаемое топливо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="러시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Фосилны палива – 루신어" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Фосилны палива" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="루신어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Сиртэн хостонор оттук – 야쿠트어" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Сиртэн хостонор оттук" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="야쿠트어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosilna_goriva" title="Fosilna goriva – 세르비아-크로아티아어" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Fosilna goriva" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="세르비아-크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%86%E0%B7%9C%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B0%E0%B6%B1" title="ෆොසිල ඉන්ධන – 싱할라어" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ෆොසිල ඉන්ධන" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="싱할라어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuel" title="Fossil fuel – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Fossil fuel" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fos%C3%ADlne_palivo" title="Fosílne palivo – 슬로바키아어" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Fosílne palivo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="슬로바키아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosilno_gorivo" title="Fosilno gorivo – 슬로베니아어" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Fosilno gorivo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="슬로베니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ABnda_djeg%C3%ABse_fosile" title="Lënda djegëse fosile – 알바니아어" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lënda djegëse fosile" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="알바니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Фосилна горива – 세르비아어" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Фосилна горива" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="세르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suluh_fosil" title="Suluh fosil – 순다어" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Suluh fosil" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="순다어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossila_br%C3%A4nslen" title="Fossila bränslen – 스웨덴어" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fossila bränslen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="스웨덴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fueli_za_kisukuku" title="Fueli za kisukuku – 스와힐리어" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Fueli za kisukuku" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="스와힐리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5_%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="புதைபடிவ எரிமம் – 타밀어" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புதைபடிவ எரிமம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="타밀어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9C_%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%82" title="వేదిక:శిలాజ ఇంధనం – 텔루구어" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వేదిక:శిలాజ ఇంధనం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="텔루구어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%8C" title="เชื้อเพลิงซากดึกดำบรรพ์ – 태국어" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เชื้อเพลิงซากดึกดำบรรพ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="태국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosil_yak%C4%B1t" title="Fosil yakıt – 터키어" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fosil yakıt" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="터키어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%8F%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Казылма ягулык – 타타르어" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Казылма ягулык" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="타타르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8E%D1%87%D1%96_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Горючі корисні копалини – 우크라이나어" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Горючі корисні копалини" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="우크라이나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%BE%D9%86" title="فوسل ایندھن – 우르두어" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فوسل ایندھن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="우르두어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazib_olinadigan_yoqilg%CA%BBi" title="Qazib olinadigan yoqilgʻi – 우즈베크어" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qazib olinadigan yoqilgʻi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="우즈베크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nhi%C3%AAn_li%E1%BB%87u_h%C3%B3a_th%E1%BA%A1ch" title="Nhiên liệu hóa thạch – 베트남어" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhiên liệu hóa thạch" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="베트남어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baya_nga_sungo" title="Baya nga sungo – 와라이어" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Baya nga sungo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="와라이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E7%9F%B3%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="化石燃料 – 우어" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="化石燃料" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="우어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9C-%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A3" title="פאסיל-ברענשטאף – 이디시어" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פאסיל-ברענשטאף" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="이디시어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E7%9F%B3%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="化石燃料 – 중국어" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="化石燃料" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="중국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B2a-chio%CC%8Dh_ji%C3%A2n-li%C4%81u" title="Hòa-chio̍h jiân-liāu – 민난어" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hòa-chio̍h jiân-liāu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="민난어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E7%9F%B3%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="化石燃料 – 광둥어" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="化石燃料" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="광둥어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> 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id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12748" title="데이터 저장소에 연결된 항목을 가리키는 링크 [g]" accesskey="g"><span>위키데이터 항목</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="페이지 도구"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="보이기"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" 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넘어옴)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ko" dir="ltr"><p><span class="nowrap"></span> <b>화석 연료</b>(化石燃料, fossil fuel)는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EA%B0%84" class="mw-redirect" title="인간">인간</a>이 사용하는 여러 가지 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80_%EC%9E%90%EC%9B%90" class="mw-redirect" title="에너지 자원">에너지 자원</a>들 중 한 가지 형태로서, 오래전 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC" title="지구">지구</a>상에 서식했던 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EA%B8%B0%EC%B2%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="유기체">유기체</a>의 잔존물로 인하여 생성된 에너지 자원을 말한다. 화석연료의 종류에는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%9D%ED%83%84" title="석탄">석탄</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%9D%EC%9C%A0" title="석유">석유</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EC%97%B0_%EA%B0%80%EC%8A%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="천연 가스">천연 가스</a>가 있다. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="개요"><span id=".EA.B0.9C.EC.9A.94"></span>개요</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%99%94%EC%84%9D%EC%97%B0%EB%A3%8C&action=edit&section=1" title="부분 편집: 개요"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Coal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Coal.jpg/220px-Coal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Coal.jpg/330px-Coal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Coal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="373" /></a><figcaption>화석 연료 중 하나인 석탄</figcaption></figure> <p>화석 연료는 사체의 혐기성 분해로 인해 천연자원에서 형성된다. 유기체나 그 결과물의 나이는 보통 수백만 년 이상이며, 때로는 6억 5천만년까지 이르기도 한다. 고비율의 <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C" title="탄소">탄소</a>를 포함하고 있는 화석연료에는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%9D%ED%83%84" title="석탄">석탄</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%9D%EC%9C%A0" title="석유">석유</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EC%97%B0%EA%B0%80%EC%8A%A4" title="천연가스">천연가스</a>가 있다. 화석 연료는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A9%94%ED%83%84" class="mw-redirect" title="메탄">메탄</a>과 같은 탄소량을 가진 저탄소를 포함한 천연가스에서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%EC%97%B0%ED%83%84" title="무연탄">무연탄</a>을 구성하는 순수한 탄소 물질인 비휘발 물질인 액화석유에 이르기까지 다양하다. 메탄은 탄화수소 영역에서 발견되며, 기름과 결합되어 있거나 또는 메탄을 포함하는 형태로 존재한다. 메탄은 보통 죽은 동식물의 사체가 화석화되어<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 수백만 년 동안 열과 지표의 압력으로 형성된다고 알려져 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 이 생물 기원 이론은 <a href="/wiki/1556%EB%85%84" title="1556년">1556년</a> <a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%8C%EC%98%A4%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC_%EC%95%84%EA%B7%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%BD%9C%EB%9D%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="게오르크 아그리콜라">게오르크 아그리콜라</a>에 의해 최초로 소개되었으며, 이후 18세기에 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%ED%95%98%EC%9D%BC_%EB%A1%9C%EB%AA%A8%EB%85%B8%EC%86%8C%ED%94%84" title="미하일 로모노소프">미하일 로모노소프</a>에 의해서도 소개되었다. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80_%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC%EC%B2%AD" title="미국 에너지 관리청">미국 에너지 관리청</a>은 2007년 주요 에너지 자원이 석유 36.0%, 석탄 27.4%, 천연가스 23.0%이며, 전부 전 세계 주요 에너지 소비의 화석 연료 비율이 86.4%에 이른다고 추정하고 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2006년 비화석 자원은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EB%A0%A5%EB%B0%9C%EC%A0%84" class="mw-redirect" title="수력발전">수력발전</a> 6.3%, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%9E%90%EB%A0%A5_%EB%B0%9C%EC%A0%84" class="mw-redirect" title="원자력 발전">원자력 발전</a> 8.5%, 기타 (지열, 태양열, 조력, 풍력, 나무, 쓰레기)가 0.9%에 이르며, 세계 에너지 소비는 매년 2.3%씩 증가하고 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 화석 연료는 형성되는데 수 백 만년이 걸리기 때문에 비재생 자원이다. 그리고 매장량은 생산량보다 훨씬 빨리 고갈되고 있으며, 화석 연료의 제품과 사용은 환경적인 우려를 증가시킨다. 증가된 에너지 필요량을 충족시키기 위해 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%AC%EC%83%9D_%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80" class="mw-redirect" title="재생 에너지">재생 에너지</a>에 대한 전 세계적인 운동이 진행 중이다. </p><p>화석 연료의 연소는 약 213억톤(21.3기가톤)의 이산화탄소를 매년 배출하지만, 자연이 흡수하는 것은 그 절반에도 미치지 못하며, 매년 대기의 이산화탄소가 상당량 증가한다. (대기의 탄소 1톤은 3.7톤의 이산화탄소와 맞먹는다.)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 이산화탄소는 복사열의 힘을 강화시켜서 지구온난화를 일으키는 가스 중의 하나이며, 지구의 평균 지표면 온도를 상승시킨다. 그리고 그것은 대부분의 기상학자들이 역효과를 유발한다고 동의하는 것이다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="기원"><span id=".EA.B8.B0.EC.9B.90"></span>기원</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%99%94%EC%84%9D%EC%97%B0%EB%A3%8C&action=edit&section=2" title="부분 편집: 기원"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Countries_by_Oil_Production_in_2013.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Countries_by_Oil_Production_in_2013.svg/200px-Countries_by_Oil_Production_in_2013.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Countries_by_Oil_Production_in_2013.svg/300px-Countries_by_Oil_Production_in_2013.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Countries_by_Oil_Production_in_2013.svg/400px-Countries_by_Oil_Production_in_2013.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption>지구상의 특정 장소에만 있는 유전으로 일부는 에너지 독립국이며 다른 국가들은 이들 나라의 석유 생산 능력에 의존한다</figcaption></figure> <p>화석연료는 수백만 년 전 바다나 호수에 산소 결핍 상태로 대량으로 침전된 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9D%EB%AC%BC%EC%84%B1_%ED%94%8C%EB%9E%91%ED%81%AC%ED%86%A4" title="식물성 플랑크톤">식물성 플랑크톤</a>과 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EB%AC%BC%EC%84%B1_%ED%94%8C%EB%9E%91%ED%81%AC%ED%86%A4" title="동물성 플랑크톤">동물성 플랑크톤</a>을 포함한 유기체 잔해의 혐기성 분해로 생성된다. 지질학적인 시간에 걸쳐 이 유기 물질은 진흙과 섞여서 침전된 무거운 층 아래에 매장된다. 결과적으로 발생하는 엄청난 열과 압력은 유기물질을 화학적으로 변이시킨다. 처음에는 원유 이암석 등에서 발견되는 케로진(kerogen)으로 알려진 밀랍 물질로 변하고, 다음에는 더 열이 가해져서 액체나 가스형태의 카타제네시스(Catagenesis)로 알려진 <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%84%ED%99%94%EC%88%98%EC%86%8C" title="탄화수소">탄화수소</a>가 된다. </p><p>특정 연료 혼합층에는 다양한 유기적, 또는 탄화수소, 복합물이 있다. <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%84%ED%99%94%EC%88%98%EC%86%8C" title="탄화수소">탄화수소</a>의 특정한 혼합이 <a href="/wiki/%EB%81%93%EB%8A%94_%EC%A0%90" class="mw-redirect" title="끓는 점">끓는 점</a>이나 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%B5%EC%A0%90" class="mw-redirect" title="융점">융점</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%80%EB%8F%84" title="밀도">밀도</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%90%EB%8F%84" class="mw-redirect" title="점도">점도</a> 등과 같은 연료의 특성을 부여한다. <a href="/wiki/%ED%9C%98%EB%B0%9C%EC%9C%A0" title="휘발유">휘발유</a>나 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%BD%EC%9C%A0" title="경유">경유</a>와 같은 것은 보다 더 높은 끓는 성분을 포함한다. </p><p>반면 육지식물은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%9D%ED%83%84" title="석탄">석탄</a>이나 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A9%94%ED%83%84" class="mw-redirect" title="메탄">메탄</a>을 형성하는 경향이 있다. 많은 석탄층이 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="지구 역사">지구 역사</a>의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%9D%ED%83%84%EA%B8%B0" title="석탄기">석탄기</a>까지 거슬러 올라가며, 육지식물은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EC%97%B0%EA%B0%80%EC%8A%A4" title="천연가스">천연가스</a>의 원물질이 되는 케로젠 3형(Kerogen Type III)이 되기도 한다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="중요성"><span id=".EC.A4.91.EC.9A.94.EC.84.B1"></span>중요성</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%99%94%EC%84%9D%EC%97%B0%EB%A3%8C&action=edit&section=3" title="부분 편집: 중요성"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Gulf_Offshore_Platform.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Gulf_Offshore_Platform.jpg/220px-Gulf_Offshore_Platform.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Gulf_Offshore_Platform.jpg/330px-Gulf_Offshore_Platform.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Gulf_Offshore_Platform.jpg/440px-Gulf_Offshore_Platform.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%EB%A9%95%EC%8B%9C%EC%BD%94%EB%A7%8C" title="멕시코만">멕시코만</a>의 유전</figcaption></figure> <p>화석연료는 연소가 되어(산화되어 이산화탄소와 물을 발생), 단위 무게당 엄청난 에너지를 발생시킬 수 있기 때문에 중요한 자원이다. 석탄을 연료로 사용한 것은 선사시대 이전까지 시대를 거슬러 올라간다. </p><p>소비율은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%B0%EC%97%85_%ED%98%81%EB%AA%85" title="산업 혁명">산업 혁명</a> 이후로 계속 증가해 왔으며, 현재 화석연료는 재생불가능한 에너지라는 총체적 의미로 사용되고 있다. 석탄은 금속을 녹이기 위해 고로를 운영하는데 사용되곤 했다. 이러한 매장지에서 나오는 반고체의 탄화수소는 또한 옛날부터 사용되었지만, 이러한 물질은 대개 방수와 방부용으로 사용되었다. 석유의 상업적 이용은 램프용 기름으로 동물성 기름(특히 고래 기름)을 대체하기 위한 목적이었으며, 19세기에 시작되었다. 한때 쓸모없는 부산물이었던 천연 가스는 현재 매우 귀중한 자원이 되고 있다. </p><p>전통적인 원유보다 더 점성이 많은 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A4%91%EC%A7%88%EC%9C%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="중질유 (없는 문서)">중질유</a>(heavy crude oil)와 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%8A%A4%ED%8C%94%ED%8A%B8" title="아스팔트">아스팔트</a>에서 발견되는 모래와 진흙이 섞인 타르 모래는 점점 더 화석 연료의 중요한 자원이 되어가고 있다. 기름 혈암과 유사 물질은 고분자의 무거운 유기 복합 물질이며, 복잡한 혼합물질인 <a href="/wiki/%EC%BC%80%EB%A1%9C%EA%B2%90" title="케로겐">케로겐</a>을 포함한 <a href="/wiki/%ED%87%B4%EC%A0%81%EC%95%94" title="퇴적암">퇴적암</a>이다. 이것으로 열분쇄를 통해 합성 원유를 생산한다. 이러한 물질은 여전히 상업적으로 이용되어야 한다. 이러한 연료는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%B4%EC%97%B0%EA%B8%B0%EA%B4%80" title="내연기관">내연기관</a> 에너지, 화석연료 발전소 그리고, 기타 용도로 이용될 수 있다. </p><p>18세기 후반 이전에는 물레방아와 풍차가 밀가루를 빻는다던가, 나무를 자른다던가, 물을 퍼올리는 일 등의 산업에 필요한 에너지를 제공했고, 나무나 <a href="/wiki/%ED%86%A0%ED%83%84" class="mw-redirect" title="토탄">토탄</a>은 가정에 열을 공급했다. 처음에는 석탄을, 나중에는 석유를 이용해 불을 때서 증기기관을 가동시킨 이 화석연료의 범용성은 산업혁명의 단초를 제공했다. 동시에 천연가스나 석탄 가스를 사용한 가스불의 이용도 다용도의 쓰임을 가지게 되었다. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%B4%EC%97%B0%EA%B8%B0%EA%B4%80" title="내연기관">내연기관</a> 엔진의 발명과 이것을 이용한 자동차 그리고 트럭의 발명은 화석연료에서 추출해 내는 <a href="/wiki/%ED%9C%98%EB%B0%9C%EC%9C%A0" title="휘발유">휘발유</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%BD%EC%9C%A0" title="경유">경유</a>의 필요량을 엄청나게 증대시켰다. 철도와 항공과 같은 다른 형태의 교통수단도 또한 화석연료를 필요로 한다. 또 다른 화석 연료의 필요성은 전기를 생산하기 위해 발전을 하는데 이용되고 있으며, 석유화학공업의 원료가 되었다. 석유 추출물의 찌꺼기인 <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%80%EB%A5%B4" title="타르">타르</a>도 도로를 건설하는데 사용되고 있다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="환경_문제"><span id=".ED.99.98.EA.B2.BD_.EB.AC.B8.EC.A0.9C"></span>환경 문제</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%99%94%EC%84%9D%EC%97%B0%EB%A3%8C&action=edit&section=4" title="부분 편집: 환경 문제"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>화석 연료를 사용할 때 에너지를 사용한 후 남게 되는 물질은 이산화탄소와 불순물이 포함된 질소산화물 (NOx), 유황산화물 (SOx) 등이 모두 기체와 입자상태의 물질로 배출되지만, 그들이 대기 중에 방출되어 다음과 같은 다양한 환경 문제를 일으키는 요인이 된다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="산성비"><span id=".EC.82.B0.EC.84.B1.EB.B9.84"></span>산성비</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%99%94%EC%84%9D%EC%97%B0%EB%A3%8C&action=edit&section=5" title="부분 편집: 산성비"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/1940%EB%85%84%EB%8C%80" title="1940년대">1940년대</a> 북유럽에서는 질소 비료를 뿌리지 않아도 작물의 성장이 좋아지는 현상을 볼 수 있게 되었다. 처음에는 농가에서도 ‘하늘의 은혜’라고 기뻐했지만, 곧 호수나 강에서 물고기가 자취를 감추었고, 천 년 동안 풍우를 견디던 유적의 돌담이나, 교회의 청동상 등이 손상되었다. </p><p>이러한 현상은 조사 결과 빗물의 변태가 원인이었다. 해당 지역에서는 그렇지 않은 지역보다 산성도 수치가 월등히 높은 pH4~5의 산성비가 내렸던 것이다. <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EC%9B%A8%EB%8D%B4" title="스웨덴">스웨덴</a>의 토양학자 S. 오덴 (Svante Oden) 박사가 그 영향을 광범위하게 조사했는데, 대기 중의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%99%A9%EC%82%B0%EA%B0%80%EC%8A%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="아황산가스">아황산가스</a>나 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%88%EC%86%8C%EC%82%B0%ED%99%94%EB%AC%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="질소산화물">질소산화물</a>이 황산이나 초산으로 변화하고, 그것이 녹아서 강산성의 눈비가 내린 것을 밝혀내 <a href="/wiki/1967%EB%85%84" title="1967년">1967년</a>에 발표했다. 그 변화의 과정은 지극히 복잡하고 다방면에 걸친 것이어서 그 상세한 과정은 지금까지도 더 밝혀지지 않았다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="호흡기질환(미세먼지)"><span id=".ED.98.B8.ED.9D.A1.EA.B8.B0.EC.A7.88.ED.99.98.28.EB.AF.B8.EC.84.B8.EB.A8.BC.EC.A7.80.29"></span>호흡기질환(미세먼지)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%99%94%EC%84%9D%EC%97%B0%EB%A3%8C&action=edit&section=6" title="부분 편집: 호흡기질환(미세먼지)"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Grangemouth04nov06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Grangemouth04nov06.jpg/220px-Grangemouth04nov06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Grangemouth04nov06.jpg/330px-Grangemouth04nov06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Grangemouth04nov06.jpg/440px-Grangemouth04nov06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B7%B8%EB%9E%9C%EC%A7%80%EB%A7%88%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="그랜지마우스 (없는 문서)">그랜지마우스</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EC%BD%94%ED%8B%80%EB%9E%9C%EB%93%9C" title="스코틀랜드">스코틀랜드</a>, <a href="/wiki/UK" class="mw-redirect" title="UK">UK</a>에 있는 정유공장</figcaption></figure> <p>화석 연료에 포함된 황산화물질 및 질소산화물의 잔재물인 입자 물질은 기관지 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EC%8B%9D" title="천식">천식</a>의 심각한 원인 물질로 생각되고 있으며, 공업 지역에서 매연이 천식을 비롯한 각지에서 심각한 공해를 일으키는 원인이 되었다. 이것은 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EB%82%98%EB%A7%88%ED%83%80%EB%B3%91" title="미나마타병">미나마타병</a> 같은 다른 공해뿐만 아니라 배출자가 인과 관계를 인정하지 않기 때문에 경제발전을 우선 정책으로 하는 여파로, 공해임을 증명할 때까지 오랜 시간이 필요하게 된다. </p><p>화석 연료 소비에 의해 발생하는 대기 오염은 발생 지역과 피해 지역이 일치하지 않는다는 문제를 가지고 있다. 대기는 지구 전체에 연결되어 있기 때문에 오염은 광범위하게 확산되어 지형과 기류 등으로 특정 지역에 피해가 집중된다. </p><p>예를 들어 위의 북유럽의 산성비도 공업 지대에서 멀리 떨어진 시골에서 먼저 피해가 일어났다. 또한 천식 공해도 자동차를 사용하지 않는 사람도 피해를 면할 수 없을 뿐 아니라 가해자도 그 피해 실태를 이해하기 어려운 모순과 같은 사태가 악화를 방치하는 한 요인이 되고 있다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="지구온난화"><span id=".EC.A7.80.EA.B5.AC.EC.98.A8.EB.82.9C.ED.99.94"></span>지구온난화</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%99%94%EC%84%9D%EC%97%B0%EB%A3%8C&action=edit&section=7" title="부분 편집: 지구온난화"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>화석 연료를 사용하는 공장과 화력발전소 등에서 배출되는 매연이나, 자동차와 항공기 등 교통수단의 배기가스 중에는 반드시 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%82%B0%ED%99%94_%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C" title="이산화 탄소">이산화 탄소</a>가 포함된다. 이것은 유황산화물 보다 제거하기가 어렵고 또한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%ED%99%A9" class="mw-disambig" title="유황">유황</a>은 추출하면 판매가 가능한 물질이지만, 이산화탄소는 쓸모가 없으며 공장 등에도 이산화탄소 배출 규제가 이루어지지 않아 대부분 그대로 대기 중에 방출되고 있다. </p><p>이산화 탄소는 현재 농도의 경우 인체에 직접적인 해를 끼치지는 않지만, 대기 중 원시 생물이 장시간에 걸쳐 고정되어, 땅 속 깊이 갇힌 이산화탄소가 현대 100여년 동안 대기 중에 다시 배출되어 버렸다. 따라서 기온 상승폭도 심각한 문제지만, 갑작스런 변화의 영향은 그 결과를 상상하기조차 힘들다. </p><p>이산화 탄소의 회수와 컨트롤은 기술적으로 어렵기 때문에 시설 및 운영 방법의 개선 및 효율화, 에너지 소비 억제 등 대책이 촉구되고 있다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="같이_보기"><span id=".EA.B0.99.EC.9D.B4_.EB.B3.B4.EA.B8.B0"></span>같이 보기</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%99%94%EC%84%9D%EC%97%B0%EB%A3%8C&action=edit&section=8" title="부분 편집: 같이 보기"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%9D%EC%9C%A0" title="석유">석유</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%9D%ED%83%84" title="석탄">석탄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EC%97%B0%EA%B0%80%EC%8A%A4" title="천연가스">천연가스</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C" title="탄소">탄소</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" title="기후변화">기후변화</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="각주"><span id=".EA.B0.81.EC.A3.BC"></span>각주</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%99%94%EC%84%9D%EC%97%B0%EB%A3%8C&action=edit&section=9" title="부분 편집: 각주"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r35556958">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dr. Irene Novaczek. "Canada's Fossil Fuel Dependency". Elements. Retrieved 2007-01-18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Fossil fuel". EPA. Archived from the original on March 12, 2007. Retrieved 2007-01-18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6GDV3MMDx?url=http://www.eia.gov/cfapps/ipdbproject/IEDIndex3.cfm">“International Energy Annual 2006”</a>. 2013년 4월 28일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/cfapps/ipdbproject/IEDIndex3.cfm">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2010년 1월 12일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Energy+Annual+2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftonto.eia.doe.gov%2Fcfapps%2Fipdbproject%2FIEDIndex3.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%99%94%EC%84%9D%EC%97%B0%EB%A3%8C" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090205035658/http://www.eia.doe.gov/iea/overview.html#">“U.S. EIA International Energy Statistics”</a>. 2009년 2월 5일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eia.doe.gov/iea/overview.html">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2009년 2월 1일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+EIA+International+Energy+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eia.doe.gov%2Fiea%2Foverview.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%99%94%EC%84%9D%EC%97%B0%EB%A3%8C" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Energy Information Administration. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/1605/ggccebro/chapter1.html">“What Are Greenhouse Gases?”</a>. National Energy Information Center<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2007년 9월 9일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+Are+Greenhouse+Gases%3F&rft.pub=National+Energy+Information+Center&rft.au=Energy+Information+Administration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eia.doe.gov%2Foiaf%2F1605%2Fggccebro%2Fchapter1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%99%94%EC%84%9D%EC%97%B0%EB%A3%8C" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="외부_링크"><span id=".EC.99.B8.EB.B6.80_.EB.A7.81.ED.81.AC"></span>외부 링크</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%99%94%EC%84%9D%EC%97%B0%EB%A3%8C&action=edit&section=10" title="부분 편집: 외부 링크"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wtrg.com/EnergyCrisis/index.html">다가오는 에너지의 위기?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201127015320/http://www.wtrg.com/EnergyCrisis/index.html">Archived</a> 2020년 11월 27일 - <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%B1_%EB%A8%B8%EC%8B%A0" title="웨이백 머신">웨이백 머신</a> - essay by James L. 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