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href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.sv"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom-flöde" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Senaste_%C3%A4ndringar&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Kolgruppen rootpage-Kolgruppen skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Hoppa till innehållet</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Huvudmeny</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigering </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Huvudsida" title="Besök huvudsidan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Huvudsida</span></a></li><li id="n-Introduktion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduktion"><span>Introduktion</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Deltagarportalen" title="Om projektet, vad du kan göra, var man kan hitta saker"><span>Deltagarportalen</span></a></li><li id="n-Bybrunnen" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bybrunnen"><span>Bybrunnen</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Senaste_%C3%A4ndringar" title="Lista över de senaste ändringarna på wikin [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Senaste ändringarna</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Slumpsida" title="Gå till en slumpmässigt vald sida [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Slumpartikel</span></a></li><li id="n-filuppladdning" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard" title="Ladda upp filer till Wikimedia Commons"><span>Ladda upp filer</span></a></li><li id="n-Kontakta-Wikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt"><span>Kontakta Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hj%C3%A4lp" title="Platsen där du hittar hjälp"><span>Hjälp</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Huvudsida" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-sv.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:S%C3%B6k" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Sök i svenskspråkiga Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Sök</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Sök på Wikipedia" aria-label="Sök på Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Sök i svenskspråkiga Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Sök"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Sök</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personliga verktyg"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Ändra utseendet på sidans teckenstorlek, bredd och färg" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Utseende" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Utseende</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv" class=""><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=Kolgruppen" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt" class=""><span>Skapa konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Inloggning&returnto=Kolgruppen" title="Inloggning ger tillgång till fler funktioner för den som vill skriva och redigera artiklar. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logga in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Fler alternativ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personliga verktyg" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personliga verktyg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Användarmeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv"><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=Kolgruppen" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skapa konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Inloggning&returnto=Kolgruppen" title="Inloggning ger tillgång till fler funktioner för den som vill skriva och redigera artiklar. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logga in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sidor för utloggade redigerare <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A4lp:Introduktion" aria-label="Läs mer om redigering"><span>läs mer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Mina_bidrag" title="En lista över redigeringar från denna IP-adress [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Min_diskussion" title="Diskussion om redigeringar från det här IP-numret [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innehåll" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innehåll</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Egenskaper" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Egenskaper"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Egenskaper</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Egenskaper-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Egenskaper</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Egenskaper-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ämnesklasser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ämnesklasser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Ämnesklasser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ämnesklasser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Halvledare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Halvledare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Halvledare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Halvledare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Förekomst" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Förekomst"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Förekomst</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Förekomst-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Förekomst</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Förekomst-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Kol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kisel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kisel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Kisel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kisel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germanium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germanium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Germanium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germanium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tenn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tenn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Tenn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tenn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bly" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bly"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Bly</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bly-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flerovium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flerovium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Flerovium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flerovium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Källor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Källor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Källor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Källor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kolgruppen</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 63 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-63" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">63 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koolstofgroep" title="Koolstofgroep – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Koolstofgroep" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="مجموعة الكربون – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مجموعة الكربون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo_d%27o_carbonio" title="Grupo d'o carbonio – aragonesiska" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Grupo d'o carbonio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementos_del_grupu_14" title="Elementos del grupu 14 – asturiska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Elementos del grupu 14" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B6vri_sistemin_14-c%C3%BC_qrupu" title="Dövri sistemin 14-cü qrupu – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dövri sistemin 14-cü qrupu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seka_karbon" title="Seka karbon – balinesiska" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Seka karbon" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BF" title="কার্বন শ্রেণি – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কার্বন শ্রেণি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_14_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Група 14 на периодичната система – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Група 14 на периодичната система" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/14._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="14. grupa hemijskih elemenata – bosniska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="14. grupa hemijskih elemenata" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grup_del_carboni" title="Grup del carboni – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Grup del carboni" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/14._skupina" title="14. skupina – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="14. skupina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elfen_Gr%C5%B5p_14" title="Elfen Grŵp 14 – walesiska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Elfen Grŵp 14" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohlenstoffgruppe" title="Kohlenstoffgruppe – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kohlenstoffgruppe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1" title="Ομάδα του άνθρακα – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ομάδα του άνθρακα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_group" title="Carbon group – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Carbon group" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonoideos" title="Carbonoideos – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Carbonoideos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elemento_de_grupo_14" title="Elemento de grupo 14 – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Elemento de grupo 14" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/14._taldeko_elementu" title="14. taldeko elementu – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="14. taldeko elementu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86" title="گروه کربن – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گروه کربن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groupe_14_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 14 du tableau périodique – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Groupe 14 du tableau périodique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/14%EC%A1%B1_%EC%9B%90%EC%86%8C" title="14족 원소 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="14족 원소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AE%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%A2" title="Ածխածնի ենթախումբ – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ածխածնի ենթախումբ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B9" title="कार्बन समूह – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कार्बन समूह" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugljikova_skupina" title="Ugljikova skupina – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ugljikova skupina" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golongan_karbon" title="Golongan karbon – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Golongan karbon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruppo_de_carbon" title="Gruppo de carbon – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Gruppo de carbon" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolefnisflokkur" title="Kolefnisflokkur – isländska" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kolefnisflokkur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="isländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruppo_del_carbonio" title="Gruppo del carbonio – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gruppo del carbonio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Көміртек топшасы – kazakiska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Көміртек топшасы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kundi_la_kaboni" title="Kundi la kaboni – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kundi la kaboni" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupp_del_carb%C3%B2ni" title="Grupp del carbòni – lombardiska" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Grupp del carbòni" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%A9ncsoport" title="Széncsoport – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Széncsoport" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Јаглеродна група – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јаглеродна група" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BA_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%82" title="കാർബൺ കുടുംബം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാർബൺ കുടുംബം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumpulan_karbon" title="Kumpulan karbon – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kumpulan karbon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koolstofgroep" title="Koolstofgroep – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Koolstofgroep" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC14%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第14族元素 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="第14族元素" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karboonsk%C3%B6%C3%B6l" title="Karboonskööl – nordfrisiska" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Karboonskööl" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruppe_14" title="Gruppe 14 – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gruppe 14" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%AA_14_%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A4" title="ਗਰੁੱਪ 14 ਤੱਤ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗਰੁੱਪ 14 ਤੱਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheemsch_Elementen_vun_de_14._Grupp" title="Cheemsch Elementen vun de 14. Grupp – lågtyska" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Cheemsch Elementen vun de 14. Grupp" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lågtyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C4%99glowce" title="Węglowce – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Węglowce" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo_do_carbono" title="Grupo do carbono – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Grupo do carbono" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupa_Carbonului" title="Grupa Carbonului – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Grupa Carbonului" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Подгруппа углерода – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Подгруппа углерода" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupi_i_kat%C3%ABrmb%C3%ABdhjet%C3%AB_i_elementeve_kimike" title="Grupi i katërmbëdhjetë i elementeve kimike – albanska" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Grupi i katërmbëdhjetë i elementeve kimike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_14_element" title="Group 14 element – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Group 14 element" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrely" title="Tetrely – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tetrely" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogljikova_skupina" title="Ogljikova skupina – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ogljikova skupina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guruubka_Kaarboon" title="Guruubka Kaarboon – somaliska" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Guruubka Kaarboon" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/14._%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="14. група хемијских елемената – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="14. група хемијских елемената" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/14._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="14. grupa hemijskih elemenata – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="14. grupa hemijskih elemenata" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiiliryhm%C3%A4" title="Hiiliryhmä – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hiiliryhmä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81_14_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="நெடுங்குழு 14 தனிமங்கள் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நெடுங்குழு 14 தனிமங்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D" title="కార్బన్ గ్రూప్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కార్బన్ గ్రూప్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="หมู่คาร์บอน – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หมู่คาร์บอน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon_grubu" title="Karbon grubu – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Karbon grubu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_14_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Група 14 періодичної системи елементів – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Група 14 періодичної системи елементів" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_carbon" title="Nhóm carbon – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhóm carbon" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="碳族元素 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="碳族元素" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BA%B8gb%E1%BA%B9%CC%81_k%C3%A1rb%E1%BB%8D%CC%80n%C3%B9" title="Ẹgbẹ́ kárbọ̀nù – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ẹgbẹ́ kárbọ̀nù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="碳族元素 – kantonesiska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="碳族元素" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="碳族元素 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="碳族元素" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q106693#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kolgruppen" title="Visa innehållssidan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskussion:Kolgruppen&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskussion om innehållssidan [inte skriven än] [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " 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wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolgruppen&action=history"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Allmänt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:L%C3%A4nkar_hit/Kolgruppen" title="Lista över alla wikisidor som länkar hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Sidor som länkar hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Senaste_relaterade_%C3%A4ndringar/Kolgruppen" rel="nofollow" title="Visa senaste ändringarna av sidor som den här sidan länkar till [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterade ändringar</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Specialsidor" title="Lista över alla specialsidor [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Specialsidor</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolgruppen&oldid=53879815" title="Permanent länk till den här versionen av sidan"><span>Permanent länk</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolgruppen&action=info" title="Mer information om denna sida"><span>Sidinformation</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citera&page=Kolgruppen&id=53879815&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information om hur den här artikeln kan användas som referens"><span>Använd som referens</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKolgruppen"><span>Hämta förkortad url</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKolgruppen"><span>Ladda 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</div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Periodic_table_group_14" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q106693" title="Länk till anslutet databasobjekt [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-objekt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">dölj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><p><b>Kolgruppen</b> kallas gruppen av <a href="/wiki/Grund%C3%A4mne" title="Grundämne">grundämnen</a> i <a href="/wiki/Periodiska_systemets_grupper" title="Periodiska systemets grupper">periodiska systemets grupp</a> 14. Alla grundämnen i kolgruppen har 4 elektroner i sitt yttersta skal. Oftast delar atomerna elektroner med andra atomer. Men denna tendens avtar i takt med att atomens storlek ökar. Följande ämnen tillhör kolgruppen i ökande atomnummer: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kol" title="Kol">Kol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kisel" title="Kisel">Kisel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Germanium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenn" title="Tenn">Tenn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bly" title="Bly">Bly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Flerovium</a></li></ul> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Egenskaper">Egenskaper</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolgruppen&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Egenskaper" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolgruppen&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Egenskaper"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Namn </th> <th>Tecken </th> <th>Atomnummer </th> <th>K </th> <th>L </th> <th>M </th> <th>N </th> <th>O </th> <th>P </th> <th>Q </th> <th>Smältpunkt(°C) </th> <th>Kokpunkt(°C) </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kol </td> <td>C </td> <td>6 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>4 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>3700 </td> <td>4027 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kisel </td> <td>Si </td> <td>14 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>4 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>1414 </td> <td>3265 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Germanium </td> <td>Ge </td> <td>32 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>18 </td> <td>4 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>938,25 </td> <td>2833 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tenn </td> <td>Sn </td> <td>50 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>18 </td> <td>18 </td> <td>4 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>231,93 </td> <td>2602 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bly </td> <td>Pb </td> <td>82 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>18 </td> <td>32 </td> <td>18 </td> <td>4 </td> <td> </td> <td>327,5 </td> <td>1749 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Flerovium </td> <td>Fl </td> <td>114 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>18 </td> <td>32 </td> <td>32 </td> <td>18 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>Okänt </td> <td>Okänt </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ämnesklasser"><span id=".C3.84mnesklasser"></span>Ämnesklasser</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolgruppen&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Ämnesklasser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolgruppen&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Ämnesklasser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kolgruppen innehåller grundämnen som har egenskaper som placerar dem i <a href="/wiki/%C3%84mnesklass" class="mw-redirect" title="Ämnesklass">ämnesklasserna</a> <a href="/wiki/Metall" title="Metall">metall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Icke-metall" title="Icke-metall">icke-metall</a> och <a href="/wiki/Halvmetall" title="Halvmetall">halvmetall</a>. Bly och tenn är metaller, germanium och kisel tillhör halvmetallerna och kol tillhör icke-metallerna. Fleroviums ämnesklass är för närvarande okänd, då en tillräcklig mängd av ämnet aldrig har skapats för att studera det på makronivå, men det tros vara en metall.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Halvledare">Halvledare</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolgruppen&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Halvledare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolgruppen&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Halvledare"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Två av ämnena i kolgruppen kisel och germanium är så kallade halvledare då deras ledningsförmåga ligger mellan ledare som t.ex guld och isolerande material som t.ex glas. Detta gör även så att man kan introducera andra ämnen till dess kristallstruktur för att förbättra eller försämra ledningsförmågan av dessa ämnena i en process som kalla dopning. Dopningen kan antingen minska eller öka antalet fria elektroner och kan därmed förbättra eller försämra en halvledares ledningsförmåga. Dessa egenskaper uppträder på grund av kvantmekaniska effekter i kristallstrukturen som förklarar rörelsen av laddade partiklar i halvledarnas kristallstruktur.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Förekomst"><span id="F.C3.B6rekomst"></span>Förekomst</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolgruppen&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Förekomst" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolgruppen&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Förekomst"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kol">Kol</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolgruppen&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Kol" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolgruppen&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Kol"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kol" title="Kol">Kol</a> är det andra mest förekommande ämnet i kolgruppen och är det femtonde vanligaste ämnet i jordskorpan. Kol förekommer i flera former på jorden. Den första formen är olika former av oxiderat kol som t.ex. <a href="/wiki/Karbonat" title="Karbonat">karbonat</a> i stenar eller <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4tekarbonat" title="Vätekarbonat">vätekarbonat</a> i haven. Den andra formen som kol kommer i är den reducerade formen som vanligen finns i olika typer av fossiler som sedan extraheras av människor i form av t.ex. olja eller naturgas. I dessa fossila kolresurser förekommer kolet som olika typer av kolväte. Den tredje formen som kol upphittas i är i gasformen där den förekommer i atmosfärers som koldioxid och kolmonoxid. Det finns även en stor del kol i jordens levande organismer då organiskt material främst består av kol. Kol är även ett vanligt förekommande ämne i rymden då kol kan avges när en stjärnas kärna får slut på väte och börjar fusionera kol av heliumet i dess kärna.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kisel">Kisel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolgruppen&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Kisel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolgruppen&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Kisel"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kisel är det vanligaste ämnet på jorden av de som tillhör kolgruppen och är det näst vanligaste ämnet på jorden efter syre. Kisel förekommer inte i ren form naturligt på jorden utan förekommer istället i form av olika oxider som t.ex. <a href="/wiki/Kiseldioxid" title="Kiseldioxid">Kiseldioxid</a>. Kisel formas i stjärnor genom fusion av syre atomer när allt kol i stjärnan har tagit slut och syret behöver förbrännas.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germanium">Germanium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolgruppen&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitt: Germanium" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolgruppen&action=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Germanium"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Germanium är ett väldigt sällsynt ämne på jorden och förekommer endast i 2 <a href="/wiki/Ppm" class="mw-redirect" title="Ppm">ppm</a> i jordskorpan och är det femtioandra vanligaste ämnet på jorden. Germaniummalm är väldigt sällsynt på grund av att geologiska processer inte koncentrerar germanium vilket gör att metallen blir väldigt utspridd i jordskorpan. Detta medför att germanium vanligtvis förekommer i andra metallers malm som t.ex. zinkmalm eller <a href="/wiki/Germanit" title="Germanit">Germanit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tenn">Tenn</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolgruppen&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitt: Tenn" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolgruppen&action=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Tenn"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tenn förekommer i jordskorpan med en koncentration av 2 ppm i <a href="/wiki/Kassiterit" title="Kassiterit">Kassiterit</a> (SnO<sub>2</sub>). Det förekommer inga högkoncentrerade tennavlagringar utan tennet förekommer i låga koncentrationer i sällsynta tennfyndigheter som är utspridda över jorden.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bly">Bly</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolgruppen&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitt: Bly" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolgruppen&action=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Bly"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bly förekommer i jordskorpan med ungefär samma koncentration som tenn på 2 ppm. Bly förekommer naturligt i många olika former där <a href="/wiki/Blyglans" title="Blyglans">blyglans</a> (PbS) är den vanligaste följt av <a href="/wiki/Anglesit" title="Anglesit">Anglesit</a> (PbSO<sub>4</sub>) och <a href="/wiki/Cerussit" title="Cerussit">Cerussit</a> (PbCO<sub>3</sub>). Mängden bly på jorden ökar konstant på grund av att den är den första stabila slutprodukten i tre naturliga sönderfallskedjor <a href="/wiki/Toriumserien" class="mw-redirect" title="Toriumserien">toriumserien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uranserien" class="mw-redirect" title="Uranserien">uranserien</a> och <a href="/wiki/Aktiniumserien" class="mw-redirect" title="Aktiniumserien">aktiniumserien</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flerovium">Flerovium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolgruppen&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Redigera avsnitt: Flerovium" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolgruppen&action=edit&section=10" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Flerovium"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Flerovium förekommer ej naturligt i någon form på grund av dess instabilitet, den mest stabila isotopen har en halveringstid på 1,9 sekunder. Flerovium kan dock förekomma i högenergikollisioner i t.ex supernovor och har även skapats i laboratorium.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Källor"><span id="K.C3.A4llor"></span>Källor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolgruppen&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Redigera avsnitt: Källor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolgruppen&action=edit&section=11" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Källor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/carbon-group-element/General-properties-of-the-group">”carbon group element - General properties of the group | Britannica”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>www.britannica.com</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/carbon-group-element/General-properties-of-the-group">https://www.britannica.com/science/carbon-group-element/General-properties-of-the-group</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Läst 31 mars 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=WebElements+Periodic+Table+%C2%BB+Flerovium+%C2%BB+the+essentials&rft.atitle=www.webelements.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.webelements.com%2Fflerovium%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kolgruppen"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFYu1996">Yu, Peter (1996). <i><span>Fundamentals of Semiconductor Physics and Materials Properties</span></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Läst 3 maj 2022</span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nature%27s+Building+Blocks%3A+An+A-Z+Guide+to+the+Elements&rft.aulast=Emsley&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Emsley%2C+John&rft.date=1+oktober+2011&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kolgruppen"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/tin">”tin | Definition, Properties, Uses, & Facts | Britannica”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>www.britannica.com</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/tin">https://www.britannica.com/science/tin</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 11 maj 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=tin+%7C+Definition%2C+Properties%2C+Uses%2C+%26+Facts+%7C+Britannica&rft.atitle=www.britannica.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fscience%2Ftin&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kolgruppen"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/lead-chemical-element/Properties-of-the-element">”lead - Properties of the element | Britannica”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>www.britannica.com</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/lead-chemical-element/Properties-of-the-element">https://www.britannica.com/science/lead-chemical-element/Properties-of-the-element</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 11 maj 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=lead+-+Properties+of+the+element+%7C+Britannica&rft.atitle=www.britannica.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fscience%2Flead-chemical-element%2FProperties-of-the-element&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kolgruppen"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{background:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background:#d0e0f5}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background:#deeafa}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background:transparent}</style><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="collapsible uncollapsed" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style="background:#d8d8d8;;" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Periodiska_systemet" title="Mall:Periodiska systemet"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Periodiska_systemet&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Periodiska_systemet" title="Periodiska systemet">Periodiska systemet</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span></span> <div class="overflowbugx" style="overflow:auto;"> <table align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td rowspan=""> </td> <td><span style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Alkalimetall" title="Alkalimetall">1</a></span> </td> <td><span style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Alkalisk_jordartsmetall" title="Alkalisk jordartsmetall">2</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Grupp_3-element" title="Grupp 3-element">3</a></span> </td> <td><span style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Grupp_4-element" title="Grupp 4-element">4</a></span> </td> <td><span style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Grupp_5-element" title="Grupp 5-element">5</a></span> </td> <td><span style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Grupp_6-element" title="Grupp 6-element">6</a></span> </td> <td><span style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Grupp_7-element" title="Grupp 7-element">7</a></span> </td> <td><span style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Grupp_8-element" title="Grupp 8-element">8</a></span> </td> <td><span style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Grupp_9-element" title="Grupp 9-element">9</a></span> </td> <td><span style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Grupp_10-element" title="Grupp 10-element">10</a></span> </td> <td><span style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Koppargruppen" title="Koppargruppen">11</a></span> </td> <td><span style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Zinkgruppen" title="Zinkgruppen">12</a></span> </td> <td><span style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Borgruppen" title="Borgruppen">13</a></span> </td> <td><span style="text-align:center"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">14</a></span> </td> <td><span style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Kv%C3%A4vegruppen" title="Kvävegruppen">15</a></span> </td> <td><span style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Kalkogen" title="Kalkogen">16</a></span> </td> <td><span style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">17</a></span> </td> <td><span style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/%C3%84delgas" title="Ädelgas">18</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="text-align:center"> <a href="/wiki/Period_1-element" class="mw-redirect" title="Period 1-element">1</a> </span> </td> <td title="1, Väte (H), diatomisk icke-metall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #e7ff8f; margin:-3px; background-color:#e7ff8f;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4te" title="Väte">H</a></div> </td> <td colspan="17"> </td> <td title="2, Helium (He), ädelgas" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #c0ffff; margin:-3px; background-color:#c0ffff;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">He</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="text-align:center"> <a href="/wiki/Period_2-element" class="mw-redirect" title="Period 2-element">2</a> </span> </td> <td title="3, Litium (Li), alkalimetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ff6666; margin:-3px; background-color:#ff6666;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Litium" title="Litium">Li</a></div> </td> <td title="4, Beryllium (Be), alkalisk jordartsmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffdead; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffdead;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">Be</a></div> </td> <td colspan="11"> </td> <td title="5, Bor (B), halvmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #cccc99; margin:-3px; background-color:#cccc99;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Bor" title="Bor">B</a></div> </td> <td title="6, Kol (C), polyatomisk icke-metall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #a1ffc3; margin:-3px; background-color:#a1ffc3;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Kol" title="Kol">C</a></div> </td> <td title="7, Kväve (N), diatomisk icke-metall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #e7ff8f; margin:-3px; background-color:#e7ff8f;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Kv%C3%A4ve" title="Kväve">N</a></div> </td> <td title="8, Syre (O), diatomisk icke-metall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #e7ff8f; margin:-3px; background-color:#e7ff8f;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Syre" title="Syre">O</a></div> </td> <td title="9, Fluor (F), diatomisk icke-metall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #e7ff8f; margin:-3px; background-color:#e7ff8f;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">F</a></div> </td> <td title="10, Neon (Ne), ädelgas" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #c0ffff; margin:-3px; background-color:#c0ffff;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="text-align:center"> <a href="/wiki/Period_3-element" class="mw-redirect" title="Period 3-element">3</a> </span> </td> <td title="11, Natrium (Na), alkalimetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ff6666; margin:-3px; background-color:#ff6666;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">Na</a></div> </td> <td title="12, Magnesium (Mg), alkalisk jordartsmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffdead; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffdead;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Mg</a></div> </td> <td colspan="11"> </td> <td title="13, Aluminium (Al), övrig metall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #cccccc; margin:-3px; background-color:#cccccc;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a></div> </td> <td title="14, Kisel (Si), halvmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #cccc99; margin:-3px; background-color:#cccc99;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Kisel" title="Kisel">Si</a></div> </td> <td title="15, Fosfor (P), polyatomisk icke-metall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #a1ffc3; margin:-3px; background-color:#a1ffc3;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">P</a></div> </td> <td title="16, Svavel (S), polyatomisk icke-metall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #a1ffc3; margin:-3px; background-color:#a1ffc3;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Svavel" title="Svavel">S</a></div> </td> <td title="17, Klor (Cl), diatomisk icke-metall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #e7ff8f; margin:-3px; background-color:#e7ff8f;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Klor" title="Klor">Cl</a></div> </td> <td title="18, Argon (Ar), ädelgas" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #c0ffff; margin:-3px; background-color:#c0ffff;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="text-align:center"> <a href="/wiki/Period_4-element" class="mw-redirect" title="Period 4-element">4</a> </span> </td> <td title="19, Kalium (K), alkalimetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ff6666; margin:-3px; background-color:#ff6666;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium">K</a></div> </td> <td title="20, Kalcium (Ca), alkalisk jordartsmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffdead; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffdead;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Kalcium" title="Kalcium">Ca</a></div> </td> <td> </td> <td title="21, Skandium (Sc), övergångsmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffc0c0; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Skandium" title="Skandium">Sc</a></div> </td> <td title="22, Titan (Ti), övergångsmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffc0c0; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Titan" title="Titan">Ti</a></div> </td> <td title="23, Vanadin (V), övergångsmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffc0c0; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Vanadin" title="Vanadin">V</a></div> </td> <td title="24, Krom (Cr), övergångsmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffc0c0; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Krom" title="Krom">Cr</a></div> </td> <td title="25, Mangan (Mn), övergångsmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffc0c0; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mn</a></div> </td> <td title="26, Järn (Fe), övergångsmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffc0c0; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4rn" title="Järn">Fe</a></div> </td> <td title="27, Kobolt (Co), övergångsmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffc0c0; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Kobolt" title="Kobolt">Co</a></div> </td> <td title="28, Nickel (Ni), övergångsmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffc0c0; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">Ni</a></div> </td> <td title="29, Koppar (Cu), övergångsmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffc0c0; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Koppar" title="Koppar">Cu</a></div> </td> <td title="30, Zink (Zn), övergångsmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffc0c0; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Zink" title="Zink">Zn</a></div> </td> <td title="31, Gallium (Ga), övrig metall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #cccccc; margin:-3px; background-color:#cccccc;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">Ga</a></div> </td> <td title="32, Germanium (Ge), halvmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #cccc99; margin:-3px; background-color:#cccc99;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Ge</a></div> </td> <td title="33, Arsenik (As), halvmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #cccc99; margin:-3px; background-color:#cccc99;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Arsenik" title="Arsenik">As</a></div> </td> <td title="34, Selen (Se), polyatomisk icke-metall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #a1ffc3; margin:-3px; background-color:#a1ffc3;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Selen" title="Selen">Se</a></div> </td> <td title="35, Brom (Br), diatomisk icke-metall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #e7ff8f; margin:-3px; background-color:#e7ff8f;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom">Br</a></div> </td> <td title="36, Krypton (Kr), ädelgas" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #c0ffff; margin:-3px; background-color:#c0ffff;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Kr</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="text-align:center"> <a href="/wiki/Period_5-element" class="mw-redirect" title="Period 5-element">5</a> </span> </td> <td title="37, Rubidium (Rb), alkalimetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ff6666; margin:-3px; background-color:#ff6666;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rb</a></div> </td> <td title="38, Strontium (Sr), alkalisk jordartsmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffdead; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffdead;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">Sr</a></div> </td> <td> </td> <td title="39, Yttrium (Y), övergångsmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffc0c0; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Y</a></div> </td> <td title="40, Zirkonium (Zr), övergångsmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffc0c0; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Zirkonium" title="Zirkonium">Zr</a></div> </td> <td title="41, Niob (Nb), övergångsmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffc0c0; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Niob" title="Niob">Nb</a></div> </td> <td title="42, Molybden (Mo), övergångsmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffc0c0; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Molybden" title="Molybden">Mo</a></div> </td> <td title="43, Teknetium (Tc), övergångsmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffc0c0; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Teknetium" title="Teknetium">Tc</a></div> </td> <td title="44, Rutenium (Ru), övergångsmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffc0c0; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Rutenium" title="Rutenium">Ru</a></div> </td> <td title="45, Rodium (Rh), övergångsmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffc0c0; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Rodium" title="Rodium">Rh</a></div> </td> <td title="46, Palladium (Pd), övergångsmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffc0c0; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Pd</a></div> </td> <td title="47, Silver (Ag), övergångsmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffc0c0; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">Ag</a></div> </td> <td title="48, Kadmium (Cd), övergångsmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffc0c0; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Kadmium" title="Kadmium">Cd</a></div> </td> <td title="49, Indium (In), övrig metall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #cccccc; margin:-3px; background-color:#cccccc;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">In</a></div> </td> <td title="50, Tenn (Sn), övrig metall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #cccccc; margin:-3px; background-color:#cccccc;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Tenn" title="Tenn">Sn</a></div> </td> <td title="51, Antimon (Sb), halvmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #cccc99; margin:-3px; background-color:#cccc99;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon">Sb</a></div> </td> <td title="52, Tellur (Te), halvmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #cccc99; margin:-3px; background-color:#cccc99;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Tellur" title="Tellur">Te</a></div> </td> <td title="53, Jod (I), diatomisk icke-metall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #e7ff8f; margin:-3px; background-color:#e7ff8f;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Jod" title="Jod">I</a></div> </td> <td title="54, Xenon (Xe), ädelgas" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #c0ffff; margin:-3px; background-color:#c0ffff;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="text-align:center"> <a href="/wiki/Period_6-element" class="mw-redirect" title="Period 6-element">6</a> </span> </td> <td title="55, Cesium (Cs), alkalimetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ff6666; margin:-3px; background-color:#ff6666;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Cesium" title="Cesium">Cs</a></div> </td> <td title="56, Barium (Ba), alkalisk jordartsmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffdead; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffdead;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Ba</a></div> </td> <td style="min-width:2.4em; height:5px;"><div style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Asterisks_one.svg/16px-Asterisks_one.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Asterisks_one.svg/24px-Asterisks_one.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Asterisks_one.svg/32px-Asterisks_one.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="98" /></span></span></div> </td> <td title="71, Lutetium (Lu), lantanoid" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffbfff; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffbfff;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium">Lu</a></div> </td> <td title="72, Hafnium (Hf), övergångsmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffc0c0; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hf</a></div> </td> <td title="73, Tantal (Ta), övergångsmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffc0c0; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Tantal" title="Tantal">Ta</a></div> </td> <td title="74, Volfram (W), övergångsmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffc0c0; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Volfram" title="Volfram">W</a></div> </td> <td title="75, Rhenium (Re), övergångsmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffc0c0; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">Re</a></div> </td> <td title="76, Osmium (Os), övergångsmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffc0c0; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a></div> </td> <td title="77, Iridium (Ir), övergångsmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffc0c0; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Ir</a></div> </td> <td title="78, Platina (Pt), övergångsmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffc0c0; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina">Pt</a></div> </td> <td title="79, Guld (Au), övergångsmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffc0c0; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Guld" title="Guld">Au</a></div> </td> <td title="80, Kvicksilver (Hg), övergångsmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffc0c0; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Kvicksilver" title="Kvicksilver">Hg</a></div> </td> <td title="81, Tallium (Tl), övrig metall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #cccccc; margin:-3px; background-color:#cccccc;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Tallium" title="Tallium">Tl</a></div> </td> <td title="82, Bly (Pb), övrig metall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #cccccc; margin:-3px; background-color:#cccccc;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Bly" title="Bly">Pb</a></div> </td> <td title="83, Vismut (Bi), övrig metall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #cccccc; margin:-3px; background-color:#cccccc;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Vismut" title="Vismut">Bi</a></div> </td> <td title="84, Polonium (Po), övrig metall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #cccccc; margin:-3px; background-color:#cccccc;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Po</a></div> </td> <td title="85, Astat (At), halvmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #cccc99; margin:-3px; background-color:#cccc99;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Astat" title="Astat">At</a></div> </td> <td title="86, Radon (Rn), ädelgas" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #c0ffff; margin:-3px; background-color:#c0ffff;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="text-align:center"> <a href="/wiki/Period_7-element" class="mw-redirect" title="Period 7-element">7</a> </span> </td> <td title="87, Francium (Fr), alkalimetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ff6666; margin:-3px; background-color:#ff6666;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium">Fr</a></div> </td> <td title="88, Radium (Ra), alkalisk jordartsmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffdead; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffdead;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Ra</a></div> </td> <td style="min-width:2.4em; height:5px;"><div style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Asterisks_two.svg/16px-Asterisks_two.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Asterisks_two.svg/24px-Asterisks_two.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Asterisks_two.svg/32px-Asterisks_two.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="98" /></span></span></div> </td> <td title="103, Lawrencium (Lr), aktinoid" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ff99cc; margin:-3px; background-color:#ff99cc;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium">Lr</a></div> </td> <td title="104, Rutherfordium (Rf), övergångsmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffc0c0; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium">Rf</a></div> </td> <td title="105, Dubnium (Db), övergångsmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffc0c0; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Db</a></div> </td> <td title="106, Seaborgium (Sg), övergångsmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffc0c0; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a></div> </td> <td title="107, Bohrium (Bh), övergångsmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffc0c0; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bh</a></div> </td> <td title="108, Hassium (Hs), övergångsmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffc0c0; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium">Hs</a></div> </td> <td title="109, Meitnerium (Mt), okända kemiska egenskaper" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #e8e8e8; margin:-3px; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Mt</a></div> </td> <td title="110, Darmstadtium (Ds), okända kemiska egenskaper" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #e8e8e8; margin:-3px; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a></div> </td> <td title="111, Röntgenium (Rg), okända kemiska egenskaper" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #e8e8e8; margin:-3px; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6ntgenium" title="Röntgenium">Rg</a></div> </td> <td title="112, Copernicium (Cn), övergångsmetall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffc0c0; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium">Cn</a></div> </td> <td title="113, Nihonium (Nh), okända kemiska egenskaper" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #e8e8e8; margin:-3px; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nh</a></div> </td> <td title="114, Flerovium (Fl), övrig metall" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #cccccc; margin:-3px; background-color:#cccccc;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Fl</a></div> </td> <td title="115, Moskovium (Mc), okända kemiska egenskaper" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #e8e8e8; margin:-3px; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Moskovium" title="Moskovium">Mc</a></div> </td> <td title="116, Livermorium (Lv), okända kemiska egenskaper" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #e8e8e8; margin:-3px; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Lv</a></div> </td> <td title="117, Tenness (Ts), okända kemiska egenskaper" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #e8e8e8; margin:-3px; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Tenness" title="Tenness">Ts</a></div> </td> <td title="118, Oganesson (Og), okända kemiska egenskaper" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #e8e8e8; margin:-3px; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Og</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="20"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td style="min-width:2.4em; height:5px;"><div style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Asterisks_one.svg/16px-Asterisks_one.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Asterisks_one.svg/24px-Asterisks_one.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Asterisks_one.svg/32px-Asterisks_one.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="98" /></span></span></div> </td> <td title="57, Lantan (La), lantanoid" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffbfff; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffbfff;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Lantan" title="Lantan">La</a></div> </td> <td title="58, Cerium (Ce), lantanoid" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffbfff; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffbfff;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium">Ce</a></div> </td> <td title="59, Praseodym (Pr), lantanoid" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffbfff; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffbfff;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Praseodym" title="Praseodym">Pr</a></div> </td> <td title="60, Neodym (Nd), lantanoid" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffbfff; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffbfff;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Neodym" title="Neodym">Nd</a></div> </td> <td title="61, Prometium (Pm), lantanoid" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffbfff; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffbfff;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Prometium" title="Prometium">Pm</a></div> </td> <td title="62, Samarium (Sm), lantanoid" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffbfff; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffbfff;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Sm</a></div> </td> <td title="63, Europium (Eu), lantanoid" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffbfff; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffbfff;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Eu</a></div> </td> <td title="64, Gadolinium (Gd), lantanoid" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffbfff; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffbfff;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gd</a></div> </td> <td title="65, Terbium (Tb), lantanoid" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffbfff; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffbfff;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Tb</a></div> </td> <td title="66, Dysprosium (Dy), lantanoid" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffbfff; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffbfff;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium">Dy</a></div> </td> <td title="67, Holmium (Ho), lantanoid" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffbfff; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffbfff;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Ho</a></div> </td> <td title="68, Erbium (Er), lantanoid" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffbfff; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffbfff;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Er</a></div> </td> <td title="69, Tulium (Tm), lantanoid" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffbfff; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffbfff;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Tulium" title="Tulium">Tm</a></div> </td> <td title="70, Ytterbium (Yb), lantanoid" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ffbfff; margin:-3px; background-color:#ffbfff;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">Yb</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td style="min-width:2.4em; height:5px;"><div style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Asterisks_two.svg/16px-Asterisks_two.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Asterisks_two.svg/24px-Asterisks_two.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Asterisks_two.svg/32px-Asterisks_two.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="98" /></span></span></div> </td> <td title="89, Aktinium (Ac), aktinoid" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ff99cc; margin:-3px; background-color:#ff99cc;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Aktinium" title="Aktinium">Ac</a></div> </td> <td title="90, Torium (Th), aktinoid" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ff99cc; margin:-3px; background-color:#ff99cc;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Torium" title="Torium">Th</a></div> </td> <td title="91, Protaktinium (Pa), aktinoid" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ff99cc; margin:-3px; background-color:#ff99cc;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Protaktinium" title="Protaktinium">Pa</a></div> </td> <td title="92, Uran (U), aktinoid" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ff99cc; margin:-3px; background-color:#ff99cc;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Uran" title="Uran">U</a></div> </td> <td title="93, Neptunium (Np), aktinoid" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ff99cc; margin:-3px; background-color:#ff99cc;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Np</a></div> </td> <td title="94, Plutonium (Pu), aktinoid" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ff99cc; margin:-3px; background-color:#ff99cc;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Pu</a></div> </td> <td title="95, Americium (Am), aktinoid" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ff99cc; margin:-3px; background-color:#ff99cc;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium">Am</a></div> </td> <td title="96, Curium (Cm), aktinoid" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ff99cc; margin:-3px; background-color:#ff99cc;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium">Cm</a></div> </td> <td title="97, Berkelium (Bk), aktinoid" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ff99cc; margin:-3px; background-color:#ff99cc;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Bk</a></div> </td> <td title="98, Californium (Cf), aktinoid" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ff99cc; margin:-3px; background-color:#ff99cc;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium">Cf</a></div> </td> <td title="99, Einsteinium (Es), aktinoid" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ff99cc; margin:-3px; background-color:#ff99cc;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Es</a></div> </td> <td title="100, Fermium (Fm), aktinoid" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ff99cc; margin:-3px; background-color:#ff99cc;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fm</a></div> </td> <td title="101, Mendelevium (Md), aktinoid" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ff99cc; margin:-3px; background-color:#ff99cc;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Md</a></div> </td> <td title="102, Nobelium (No), aktinoid" style="min-width:2.15em; border:1px solid #ff99cc; margin:-3px; background-color:#ff99cc;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">No</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <hr /> <table width="100%" style="font-size:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background-color:#e0e0e0; text-align:center;" colspan="6;"><b><a href="/wiki/Metall" title="Metall">Metaller</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99; text-align:center;" rowspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/Halvmetall" title="Halvmetall">Halvmetall</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#e0e0e0; text-align:center;" colspan="3"><b><a href="/wiki/Icke-metall" title="Icke-metall">Icke-metaller</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#e8e8e8; text-align:center;" rowspan="2" width="10%">Okända kemiska egenskaper </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ff6666; width:9%; text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Alkalimetall" title="Alkalimetall">Alkalimetall</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead; width:9%; text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Alkalisk_jordartsmetall" title="Alkalisk jordartsmetall">Alkalisk jordartsmetall</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffbfff; width:9%; text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Lantanoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Lantanoid">Lantanoid</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc; width:9%; text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Aktinoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Aktinoid">Aktinoid</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0; 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