CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: functional near-infrared spectroscopy</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: functional near-infrared spectroscopy"> <meta name="keywords" content="functional near-infrared spectroscopy"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="functional near-infrared spectroscopy" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="functional near-infrared spectroscopy"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 4724</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: functional near-infrared spectroscopy</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4724</span> Real-Time Classification of Hemodynamic Response by Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Using an Adaptive Estimation of General Linear Model Coefficients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahar%20Jahani">Sahar Jahani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meryem%20Ayse%20Yucel"> Meryem Ayse Yucel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Boas"> David Boas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Kamaledin%20Setarehdan"> Seyed Kamaledin Setarehdan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Near-infrared spectroscopy allows monitoring of oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin concentration changes associated with hemodynamic response function (HRF). HRF is usually affected by natural physiological hemodynamic (systemic interferences) which occur in all body tissues including brain tissue. This makes HRF extraction a very challenging task. In this study, we used Kalman filter based on a general linear model (GLM) of brain activity to define the proportion of systemic interference in the brain hemodynamic. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated in terms of the peak to peak error (Ep), mean square error (MSE), and Pearson’s correlation coefficient (R2) criteria between the estimated and the simulated hemodynamic responses. This technique also has the ability of real time estimation of single trial functional activations as it was applied to classify finger tapping versus resting state. The average real-time classification accuracy of 74% over 11 subjects demonstrates the feasibility of developing an effective functional near infrared spectroscopy for brain computer interface purposes (fNIRS-BCI). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hemodynamic%20response%20function" title="hemodynamic response function">hemodynamic response function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20near-infrared%20spectroscopy" title=" functional near-infrared spectroscopy"> functional near-infrared spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20filter" title=" adaptive filter"> adaptive filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalman%20filter" title=" Kalman filter"> Kalman filter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91765/real-time-classification-of-hemodynamic-response-by-functional-near-infrared-spectroscopy-using-an-adaptive-estimation-of-general-linear-model-coefficients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91765.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4723</span> A Computational Study of N–H…O Hydrogen Bonding to Investigate Cooperative Effects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Setareh%20Shekarsaraei">Setareh Shekarsaraei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marjan%20Moridi"> Marjan Moridi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasser%20L.%20Hadipour"> Nasser L. Hadipour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy parameters of 14N (Nitrogen in imidazole ring) in N–H…O hydrogen bonding for Histidine hydrochloride monohydrate were calculated via density functional theory. We considered a five-molecule model system of Histidine hydrochloride monohydrate. Also, we examined the trends of environmental effect on hydrogen bonds as well as cooperativity. The functional used in this research is M06-2X which is a good functional and the obtained results have shown good agreement with experimental data. This functional was applied to calculate the NMR and NQR parameters. Some correlations among NBO parameters, NMR, and NQR parameters have been studied which have shown the existence of strong correlations among them. Furthermore, the geometry optimization has been performed using M062X/6-31++G(d,p) method. In addition, in order to study cooperativity and changes in structural parameters, along with increase in cluster size, natural bond orbitals have been employed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20bonding" title="hydrogen bonding">hydrogen bonding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density%20functional%20theory%20%28DFT%29" title=" density functional theory (DFT)"> density functional theory (DFT)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20bond%20orbitals%20%28NBO%29" title=" natural bond orbitals (NBO)"> natural bond orbitals (NBO)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooperativity%20effect" title=" cooperativity effect"> cooperativity effect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18049/a-computational-study-of-n-ho-hydrogen-bonding-to-investigate-cooperative-effects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18049.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">456</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4722</span> Chemical Analyses of Aspillia kotschyi (Sch. bipex, hochst) Oliv Plant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdu%20Umar%20Adamu">Abdu Umar Adamu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maimuna%20Ibrahim"> Maimuna Ibrahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this present work, a locally used medicinal plant, namely: Aspillia kotschyi belonging to the Compositae family, was extracted using methanolic and petroleum ether 60-80OC. The extracts were subjected to microwave plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (MPES) to determine the following metals Se, Ag, Fe, Cu, Ni, As, Co, Mn, and Al. From the result, Ag, Cu, Ni, and Co are of very negligible concentrations in the plant extract. However, Seleniun is found to be 0.530 (mg/kg) in the plant methanolic extract. Iron, on the other hand, was found to be 3.712 (mg/kg) in the plant extract. Arsenic was found to be 0.506 and 1.301 (mg/kg) in both methanolic and petroleum spirit extracts of the plant material. The concentration of aluminium was found to be of the range of 3.050mg/kg in the plant. Functional group analysis of the plant extracts was also carried out using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy which showed the presence of some functional groups. The results of this study suggest some merit in the popular use of the plant in herbal medicine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aspillia%20kotschyi" title="Aspillia kotschyi">Aspillia kotschyi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20group" title=" functional group"> functional group</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FTIR" title=" FTIR"> FTIR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MPES" title=" MPES"> MPES</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155497/chemical-analyses-of-aspillia-kotschyi-sch-bipex-hochst-oliv-plant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155497.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">118</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4721</span> Biochemical and Electrochemical Characterization of Glycated Albumin: Clinical Relevance in Diabetes Associated Complications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alok%20Raghav">Alok Raghav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamal%20Ahmad"> Jamal Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Serum albumin glycation and advanced glycation end products (AGE) formation correlates in diabetes and its associated complications. Extensive modified human serum albumin is used to study the biochemical, electrochemical and functional properties in hyperglycemic environment with relevance to diabetes. We evaluate Spectroscopic, side chain modifications, amino acid analysis, biochemical and functional group properties in four glucose modified samples. Methods: A series four human serum albumin samples modified with glucose was characterized in terms of amino acid analysis, spectroscopic properties and side chain modifications. The diagnostic technique employed incorporates UV Spectroscopy, Fluorescence Spectroscopy, biochemical assays for side chain modifications, amino acid estimations. Conclusion: Glucose modified human serum albumin confers AGE formation causes biochemical and functional property that depend on the reactivity of glucose and its concentration used for in-vitro glycation. A biochemical and functional characterization of modified albumin in-vitro produced AGE product that will be useful to interpret the complications and pathophysiological significance in diabetes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glycation" title="glycation">glycation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetes" title=" diabetes"> diabetes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20serum%20albumin" title=" human serum albumin"> human serum albumin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biochemical%20and%20electrochemical%20characterization" title=" biochemical and electrochemical characterization"> biochemical and electrochemical characterization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14263/biochemical-and-electrochemical-characterization-of-glycated-albumin-clinical-relevance-in-diabetes-associated-complications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14263.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4720</span> Estimation of Functional Response Model by Supervised Functional Principal Component Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyon%20I.%20Paek">Hyon I. Paek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang%20Rim%20Kim"> Sang Rim Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyon%20A.%20Ryu"> Hyon A. Ryu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In functional linear regression, one typical problem is to reduce dimension. Compared with multivariate linear regression, functional linear regression is regarded as an infinite-dimensional case, and the main task is to reduce dimensions of functional response and functional predictors. One common approach is to adapt functional principal component analysis (FPCA) on functional predictors and then use a few leading functional principal components (FPC) to predict the functional model. The leading FPCs estimated by the typical FPCA explain a major variation of the functional predictor, but these leading FPCs may not be mostly correlated with the functional response, so they may not be significant in the prediction for response. In this paper, we propose a supervised functional principal component analysis method for a functional response model with FPCs obtained by considering the correlation of the functional response. Our method would have a better prediction accuracy than the typical FPCA method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supervised" title="supervised">supervised</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20principal%20component%20analysis" title=" functional principal component analysis"> functional principal component analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20response" title=" functional response"> functional response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20linear%20regression" title=" functional linear regression"> functional linear regression</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177071/estimation-of-functional-response-model-by-supervised-functional-principal-component-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177071.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4719</span> Fe-Doped Graphene Nanoparticles for Gas Sensing Applications </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shivani%20A.%20Singh">Shivani A. Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pravin%20S.%20More"> Pravin S. More</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present inspection, we indicate the falsification of Fe-doped graphene nanoparticles by modified Hummers method. Structural and physiochemical properties of the resulting pallets were explored with the help of ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) for graphene sample exhibits absorption peaks ~248nm. Pure graphene shows PL peak at 348 nm. After doping of Fe with graphene the PL peak shifted from 348 nm to 332 nm. The oxidation degree, i.e. the relative amount of oxygen functional groups was estimated from the relative intensities of the oxygen related bands (ORB) in the FTIR measurements. These analyses show that this modified material can be useful for gas sensing applications and to be used in diverse areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20doping" title="chemical doping">chemical doping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene" title=" graphene"> graphene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20sensing" title=" gas sensing"> gas sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensing" title=" sensing"> sensing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79785/fe-doped-graphene-nanoparticles-for-gas-sensing-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79785.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">217</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4718</span> Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Functional Group Analysis of Ethanolic Extract of Hylocereus undatus and Garcinia indica by Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajay%20Krishnamurthy">Ajay Krishnamurthy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariyappan%20Mahesh%20Kumar"> Mariyappan Mahesh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sellamuthu%20Periyar%20Selvam"> Sellamuthu Periyar Selvam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fruits are considered as functional foods due to the presence of various bioactive compounds available such as polyphenols, which are beneficial to health when consumed as part of our diet. The primary objective of this study was to analyze the various functional groups present in ethanolic extracts of Hylocereus undatus and Garcinia indica and also measure their antibacterial and antioxidant potential respectively thereby affirming its nutraceutical potential. To fulfill our objective, a Fourier - transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was conducted for functional group analysis, Total Phenolic Content and DPPH free radical scavenging activity for measuring it anti-oxidant potential and agar-well diffusion assay for antibacterial potential. On careful observation and analysis of the spectrum it was found that both the fruit extracts contain similar compounds viz. Phenols, Alkanes, Alkenes, Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic Acid and Amines. Total phenolic content of H.undatus and G.indica was estimated to be (26.85 ± 1.84 mg GAE/100g) and (32.84 ± 1.63 mg GAE/100g) respectively which corresponds to an inhibition of 84% and 81% respectively. H.undatus shows an inhibition of (3.4 ± 2.1mm) in gram-positive and (4.2 ± 2.24mm) in gram-negative organism on the other hand G.indica shows (2.1 ± 0.98mm) in gram-positive and (3.1 ± 1.44mm) in gram negative. The presence of such diverse compounds in the fruits helps us to understand the necessity for the inclusion of fruits in our daily diet and also helps the pharmaceutical industry in realizing the importance of exotic fruits as a potential nutraceutical. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DPPH" title="DPPH">DPPH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fourier-transform%20infrared%20spectroscopy%20%28FTIR%29" title=" fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)"> fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hylocereus%20undatus" title=" Hylocereus undatus"> Hylocereus undatus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Garcinia%20indica" title=" Garcinia indica"> Garcinia indica</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82695/antioxidant-antibacterial-and-functional-group-analysis-of-ethanolic-extract-of-hylocereus-undatus-and-garcinia-indica-by-using-fourier-transform-infrared-spectroscopy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82695.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">183</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4717</span> Impact of Glycation on Proteomics of Human Serum Albumin: Relevance to Diabetes Associated Pathologies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alok%20Raghav">Alok Raghav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamal%20Ahmad"> Jamal Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Serum albumin glycation and advanced glycation end products (AGE) formation correlates in diabetes and its associated complications. Extensive modified human serum albumin is used to study the biochemical, electrochemical and functional properties in hyperglycemic environment with relevance to diabetes. We evaluate Spectroscopic, side chain modifications, amino acid analysis, biochemical and functional group properties in four glucose modified samples. Methods: A series four human serum albumin samples modified with glucose was characterized in terms of amino acid analysis, spectroscopic properties and side chain modifications. The diagnostic technique employed incorporates UV Spectroscopy, Fluorescence Spectroscopy, biochemical assays for side chain modifications, amino acid estimations, electrochemical and optical characterstic of glycated albumin. Conclusion: Glucose modified human serum albumin confers AGEs formation alters biochemical, electrochemical, optical, and functional property that depend on the reactivity of glucose and its concentration used for in-vitro glycation. A biochemical, electrochemical, optical, and functional characterization of modified albumin in-vitro produced AGE product that will be useful to interpret the complications and pathophysiological significance in diabetes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20serum%20albumin" title="human serum albumin">human serum albumin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glycated%20albumin" title=" glycated albumin"> glycated albumin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adavanced%20glycation%20end%20products" title=" adavanced glycation end products"> adavanced glycation end products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=associated%20pathologies" title=" associated pathologies"> associated pathologies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14588/impact-of-glycation-on-proteomics-of-human-serum-albumin-relevance-to-diabetes-associated-pathologies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14588.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">401</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4716</span> Spectroscopic Determination of Functionalized Active Principles from Coleus aromaticus Benth Leaf Extract Using Ionic Liquids</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zharama%20M.%20Llarena">Zharama M. Llarena</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Green chemistry for plant extraction of active principles is the main interest of many researchers concerned with climate change. While classical organic solvents are detrimental to our environment, greener alternatives to ionic liquids are very promising for sustainable organic chemistry. This study focused on the determination of functional groups observed in the main constituents from the ionic liquid extracts of Coleus aromaticus Benth leaves using FT-IR Spectroscopy. Moreover, this research aimed to determine the best ionic liquid that can separate functionalized plant constituents from the leaves Coleus aromaticus Benth using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Coleus aromaticus Benth leaf extract in different ionic liquids, elucidated pharmacologically important functional groups present in major constituents of the plant, namely, rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid. In connection to distinctive appearance of functional groups in the spectrum and highest % transmittance, potassium chloride-glycerol is the best ionic liquid for green extraction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chlorogenic%20acid" title="chlorogenic acid">chlorogenic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coleus%20aromaticus" title=" coleus aromaticus"> coleus aromaticus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ionic%20liquid" title=" ionic liquid"> ionic liquid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rosmarinic%20acid" title=" rosmarinic acid"> rosmarinic acid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43412/spectroscopic-determination-of-functionalized-active-principles-from-coleus-aromaticus-benth-leaf-extract-using-ionic-liquids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43412.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4715</span> Structural Changes Induced in Graphene Oxide Film by Low Energy Ion Beam Irradiation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chetna%20Tyagi">Chetna Tyagi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ambuj%20Tripathi"> Ambuj Tripathi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Devesh%20Avasthi"> Devesh Avasthi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Graphene oxide consists of sp³ hybridization along with sp² hybridization due to the presence of different oxygen-containing functional groups on its edges and basal planes. However, its sp³ / sp² hybridization can be tuned by various methods to utilize it in different applications, like transistors, solar cells and biosensors. Ion beam irradiation can also be one of the methods to optimize sp² and sp³ hybridization ratio for its desirable properties. In this work, graphene oxide films were irradiated with 100 keV Argon ions at different fluences varying from 10¹³ to 10¹⁶ ions/cm². Synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements showed an increase in crystallinity at the low fluence of 10¹³ ions/cm². Raman spectroscopy performed on irradiated samples determined the defects induced by the ion beam qualitatively. Also, identification of different groups and their removal with different fluences was done using Fourier infrared spectroscopy technique. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene%20oxide" title="graphene oxide">graphene oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ion%20beam%20irradiation" title=" ion beam irradiation"> ion beam irradiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectroscopy" title=" spectroscopy"> spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X-ray%20diffraction" title=" X-ray diffraction"> X-ray diffraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120560/structural-changes-induced-in-graphene-oxide-film-by-low-energy-ion-beam-irradiation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120560.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4714</span> Initial Dip: An Early Indicator of Neural Activity in Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy Waveform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mannan%20Malik%20Muhammad%20Naeem">Mannan Malik Muhammad Naeem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeong%20Myung%20Yung"> Jeong Myung Yung </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has a favorable position in non-invasive brain imaging techniques. The concentration change of oxygenated hemoglobin and de-oxygenated hemoglobin during particular cognitive activity is the basis for this neuro-imaging modality. Two wavelengths of near-infrared light can be used with modified Beer-Lambert law to explain the indirect status of neuronal activity inside brain. The temporal resolution of fNIRS is very good for real-time brain computer-interface applications. The portability, low cost and an acceptable temporal resolution of fNIRS put it on a better position in neuro-imaging modalities. In this study, an optimization model for impulse response function has been used to estimate/predict initial dip using fNIRS data. In addition, the activity strength parameter related to motor based cognitive task has been analyzed. We found an initial dip that remains around 200-300 millisecond and better localize neural activity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fNIRS" title="fNIRS">fNIRS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brain-computer%20interface" title=" brain-computer interface"> brain-computer interface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization%20algorithm" title=" optimization algorithm"> optimization algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20signal%20processing" title=" adaptive signal processing"> adaptive signal processing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84942/initial-dip-an-early-indicator-of-neural-activity-in-functional-near-infrared-spectroscopy-waveform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84942.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">226</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4713</span> Structure and Optical Properties of Potassium Doped Zinc Oxide</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lila%20A.%20Alkhattaby">Lila A. Alkhattaby</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norah%20A.%20Alsayegh"> Norah A. Alsayegh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20S.%20Ansari"> Mohammad S. Ansari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20O.%20Ansari"> Mohammad O. Ansari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, we doped zinc oxide ZnO with potassium K we have synthesized using the sol-gel method. Structural properties were depicted by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and energy distribution spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction studies confirm the nanosized of the particles and favored orientations along the (100), (002), (101), (102), (110), (103), (200), and (112) planes confirm the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO NPs. The optical properties study using the UV-Vis spectroscopy. The band gap decreases from 4.05 eV to 3.88 eV, the lowest band gap at 10% doped concentration. The photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy results show two main peaks, a sharp peak at ≈ 384 nm in the UV region and a broad peak around 479 nm in the visible region. The highest intensity of the band-edge luminescence was for 2% doped concentration because of the combined effect of the decreased probability of nonradiative recombination and has better crystallinity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K%20doped%20ZnO" title="K doped ZnO">K doped ZnO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photoluminescence%20spectroscopy" title=" photoluminescence spectroscopy"> photoluminescence spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UV-Vis%20spectroscopy" title=" UV-Vis spectroscopy"> UV-Vis spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=x-ray%20spectroscopy" title=" x-ray spectroscopy"> x-ray spectroscopy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142665/structure-and-optical-properties-of-potassium-doped-zinc-oxide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142665.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">240</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4712</span> A Self Organized Map Method to Classify Auditory-Color Synesthesia from Frontal Lobe Brain Blood Volume</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takashi%20Kaburagi">Takashi Kaburagi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takamasa%20Komura"> Takamasa Komura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yosuke%20Kurihara"> Yosuke Kurihara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Absolute pitch is the ability to identify a musical note without a reference tone. Training for absolute pitch often occurs in preschool education. It is necessary to clarify how well the trainee can make use of synesthesia in order to evaluate the effect of the training. To the best of our knowledge, there are no existing methods for objectively confirming whether the subject is using synesthesia. Therefore, in this study, we present a method to distinguish the use of color-auditory synesthesia from the separate use of color and audition during absolute pitch training. This method measures blood volume in the prefrontal cortex using functional Near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and assumes that the cognitive step has two parts, a non-linear step and a linear step. For the linear step, we assume a second order ordinary differential equation. For the non-linear part, it is extremely difficult, if not impossible, to create an inverse filter of such a complex system as the brain. Therefore, we apply a method based on a self-organizing map (SOM) and are guided by the available data. The presented method was tested using 15 subjects, and the estimation accuracy is reported. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absolute%20pitch" title="absolute pitch">absolute pitch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20near-infrared%20spectroscopy" title=" functional near-infrared spectroscopy"> functional near-infrared spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prefrontal%20cortex" title=" prefrontal cortex"> prefrontal cortex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synesthesia" title=" synesthesia"> synesthesia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67659/a-self-organized-map-method-to-classify-auditory-color-synesthesia-from-frontal-lobe-brain-blood-volume" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67659.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4711</span> Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Detecting Malignancy in Maxillofacial Lesions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Khalifa%20Zayet">Mohamed Khalifa Zayet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salma%20Belal%20Eiid"> Salma Belal Eiid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mushira%20Mohamed%20Dahaba"> Mushira Mohamed Dahaba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Malignant tumors may not be easily detected by traditional radiographic techniques especially in an anatomically complex area like maxillofacial region. At the same time, the advent of biological functional MRI was a significant footstep in the diagnostic imaging field. Objective: The purpose of this study was to define the malignant metabolic profile of maxillofacial lesions using diffusion MRI and magnetic resonance spectroscopy, as adjunctive aids for diagnosing of such lesions. Subjects and Methods: Twenty-one patients with twenty-two lesions were enrolled in this study. Both morphological and functional MRI scans were performed, where T1, T2 weighted images, diffusion-weighted MRI with four apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were constructed for analysis, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy with qualitative and semi-quantitative analyses of choline and lactate peaks were applied. Then, all patients underwent incisional or excisional biopsies within two weeks from MR scans. Results: Statistical analysis revealed that not all the parameters had the same diagnostic performance, where lactate had the highest areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.9 and choline was the lowest with insignificant diagnostic value. The best cut-off value suggested for lactate was 0.125, where any lesion above this value is supposed to be malignant with 90 % sensitivity and 83.3 % specificity. Despite that ADC maps had comparable AUCs still, the statistical measure that had the final say was the interpretation of likelihood ratio. As expected, lactate again showed the best combination of positive and negative likelihood ratios, whereas for the maps, ADC map with 500 and 1000 b-values showed the best realistic combination of likelihood ratios, however, with lower sensitivity and specificity than lactate. Conclusion: Diffusion weighted imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy are state-of-art in the diagnostic arena and they manifested themselves as key players in the differentiation process of orofacial tumors. The complete biological profile of malignancy can be decoded as low ADC values, high choline and/or high lactate, whereas that of benign entities can be translated as high ADC values, low choline and no lactate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diffusion%20magnetic%20resonance%20imaging" title="diffusion magnetic resonance imaging">diffusion magnetic resonance imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20resonance%20spectroscopy" title=" magnetic resonance spectroscopy"> magnetic resonance spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malignant%20tumors" title=" malignant tumors"> malignant tumors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maxillofacial" title=" maxillofacial"> maxillofacial</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83030/diffusion-magnetic-resonance-imaging-and-magnetic-resonance-spectroscopy-in-detecting-malignancy-in-maxillofacial-lesions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83030.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">171</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4710</span> Carbonation of Wollastonite (001) competing Hydration: Microscopic Insights from Ion Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Thissen">Peter Thissen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, we report about the influence of the chemical potential of water on the carbonation reaction of wollastonite (CaSiO3) as model surface of cement and concrete. Total energy calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) combined with kinetic barrier predictions based on nudge elastic band (NEB) method show that the exposure of the water-free wollastonite surface to CO2 results in a barrier-less carbonation. CO2 reacts with the surface oxygen and forms carbonate (CO32-) complexes together with a major reconstruction of the surface. The reaction comes to a standstill after one carbonate monolayer has been formed. In case one water monolayer is covering the wollastonite surface, the carbonation is no more barrier-less, yet ending in a localized monolayer. Covered with multilayers of water, the thermodynamic ground state of the wollastonite completely changes due to a metal-proton exchange reaction (MPER, also called early stage hydration) and Ca2+ ions are partially removed from solid phase into the H2O/wollastonite interface. Mobile Ca2+ react again with CO2 and form carbonate complexes, ending in a delocalized layer. By means of high resolution time-of-flight secondary-ion mass-spectroscopy images (ToF-SIMS), we confirm that hydration can lead to a partially delocalization of Ca2+ ions on wollastonite surfaces. Finally, we evaluate the impact of our model surface results by means of Low Energy Ion Scattering (LEIS) spectroscopy combined with careful discussion about the competing reactions of carbonation vs. hydration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Calcium-silicate" title="Calcium-silicate">Calcium-silicate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbonation" title=" carbonation"> carbonation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydration" title=" hydration"> hydration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal-proton%20exchange%20reaction" title=" metal-proton exchange reaction"> metal-proton exchange reaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31325/carbonation-of-wollastonite-001-competing-hydration-microscopic-insights-from-ion-spectroscopy-and-density-functional-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31325.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">363</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4709</span> Early Stage Hydration of Wollastonite: Kinetic Aspects of the Metal-Proton Exchange Reaction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicolas%20Giraudo">Nicolas Giraudo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Thissen"> Peter Thissen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper we bring up new aspects of the metal proton exchange reaction (MPER, also called early stage hydration): (1) its dependence of the number of protons consumed by the preferential exchanged cations on the pH value applied at the water/wollastonite interface and (2) strong anisotropic characteristics detected in atomic force microscopy (AFM) and low energy ion scattering spectroscopy measurements (LEIS). First we apply density functional theory (DFT) calculations to compare the kinetics of the reaction on different wollastonite surfaces, and combine it with ab initio thermodynamics to set up a model describing (1) the release of Ca in exchange with H coming from the water/wollastonite interface, (2) the dependence of the MPER on the chemical potential of protons. In the second part of the paper we carried out in-situ AFM and inductive coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) measurements in order to evaluate the predicted values. While a good agreement is found in the basic and neutral regime (pH values from 14-4), an increasing mismatch appears in the acidic regime (pH value lower 4). This is finally explained by non-equilibrium etching, dominating over the MPER in the very acidic regime. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anisotropy" title="anisotropy">anisotropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcium%20silicate" title=" calcium silicate"> calcium silicate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cement" title=" cement"> cement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density%20functional%20theory" title=" density functional theory"> density functional theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydration" title=" hydration"> hydration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31322/early-stage-hydration-of-wollastonite-kinetic-aspects-of-the-metal-proton-exchange-reaction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31322.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4708</span> Amino Acid Derivatives as Green Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel in 1M HCl: Electrochemical, Surface and Density Functional Theory Studies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiyaul%20Haque">Jiyaul Haque</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vandana%20Srivastava"> Vandana Srivastava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Quraishi"> M. A. Quraishi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The amino acids based corrosion inhibitors 2-(3-(carboxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium-1-yl) acetate (Z-1),2-(3-(1-carboxyethyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium-1-yl) propanoate (Z-2) and 2-(3-(1-carboxy-2-phenylethyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium-1-yl)-3- phenylpropanoate (Z-3) were synthesized by the reaction of amino acids, glyoxal and formaldehyde, and characterized by the FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. The corrosion inhibition performance of synthesized inhibitors was studied by electrochemical (EIS and PDP), surface and DFT methods. The results show, the studied Z-1, Z-2 and Z-3 are effective inhibitors, showed the maximum inhibition efficiency of 88.52 %, 89.48 and 96.08% at concentration 200ppm, respectively. The results of potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) study showed that Z-1 act as a cathodic inhibitor, while Z-2 and Z-3 act as mixed type inhibitors. The results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies showed that zwitterions inhibit the corrosion through adsorption mechanism. The adsorption of synthesized zwitterions on the mild steel surface was followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The formation of zwitterions film on mild steel surface was confirmed by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The quantum chemical parameters were used to study the reactivity of inhibitors and supported the experimental results. An inhibitor adsorption model is proposed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrochemical%20impedance%20spectroscopy" title="electrochemical impedance spectroscopy">electrochemical impedance spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20corrosion%20inhibitors" title=" green corrosion inhibitors"> green corrosion inhibitors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mild%20steel" title=" mild steel"> mild steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEM" title=" SEM"> SEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20chemical%20calculation" title=" quantum chemical calculation"> quantum chemical calculation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zwitterions" title=" zwitterions"> zwitterions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94750/amino-acid-derivatives-as-green-corrosion-inhibitors-for-mild-steel-in-1m-hcl-electrochemical-surface-and-density-functional-theory-studies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94750.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4707</span> A Fundamental Functional Equation for Lie Algebras</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ih-Ching%20Hsu">Ih-Ching Hsu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Inspired by the so called Jacobi Identity (x y) z + (y z) x + (z x) y = 0, the following class of functional equations EQ I: F [F (x, y), z] + F [F (y, z), x] + F [F (z, x), y] = 0 is proposed, researched and generalized. Research methodologies begin with classical methods for functional equations, then evolve into discovering of any implicit algebraic structures. One of this paper’s major findings is that EQ I, under two additional conditions F (x, x) = 0 and F (x, y) + F (y, x) = 0, proves to be a fundamental functional equation for Lie Algebras. Existence of non-trivial solutions for EQ I can be proven by defining F (p, q) = [p q] = pq –qp, where p and q are quaternions, and pq is the quaternion product of p and q. EQ I can be generalized to the following class of functional equations EQ II: F [G (x, y), z] + F [G (y, z), x] + F [G (z, x), y] = 0. Concluding Statement: With a major finding proven, and non-trivial solutions derived, this research paper illustrates and provides a new functional equation scheme for studies in two major areas: (1) What underlying algebraic structures can be defined and/or derived from EQ I or EQ II? (2) What conditions can be imposed so that conditional general solutions to EQ I and EQ II can be found, investigated and applied? <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental%20functional%20equation" title="fundamental functional equation">fundamental functional equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20functional%20equations" title=" generalized functional equations"> generalized functional equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lie%20algebras" title=" Lie algebras"> Lie algebras</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quaternions" title=" quaternions"> quaternions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76600/a-fundamental-functional-equation-for-lie-algebras" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76600.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">223</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4706</span> Rb-Modified Few-Layered Graphene for Gas Sensing Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vasant%20Reddy">Vasant Reddy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shivani%20A.%20Singh"> Shivani A. Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pravin%20S.%20More"> Pravin S. More</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present investigation, we demonstrated the fabrication of few-layers of graphene sheets with alkali metal i.e. Rb-G using chemical route method. The obtained materials were characterized by means of chemical, structural and electrical techniques, using the ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and 4 points probe, respectively. The XRD studies were carried out to understand the phase of the samples where we found a sharp peak of Rb-G at 26.470. UV-Spectroscopy of Graphene and Rb-modified graphene samples shows the absorption peaks at ~248 nm and ~318 nm respectively. These analyses show that this modified material can be useful for gas sensing applications and to be used in diverse areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20route" title="chemical route">chemical route</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene" title=" graphene"> graphene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20sensing" title=" gas sensing"> gas sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UV-spectroscopy" title=" UV-spectroscopy"> UV-spectroscopy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79789/rb-modified-few-layered-graphene-for-gas-sensing-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79789.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">268</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4705</span> Consumer Choice Determinants in Context of Functional Food</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Grochowska-Niedworok">E. Grochowska-Niedworok</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Bruka%C5%82o"> K. Brukało</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Kardas"> M. Kardas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to analyze and evaluate the consumption of functional food by consumers by: age, sex, formal education level, place of residence and diagnosed diseases. The study employed an ad hoc questionnaire in a group of 300 inhabitants of Upper Silesia voivodship. Knowledge of functional food among the group covered in the study was far from satisfactory. The choice of functional food was of intuitive character. In addition, the group covered was more likely to choose pharmacotherapy instead of diet-related prevention then, which can be associated with presumption of too distant effects and a long period of treatment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20choice" title="consumer choice">consumer choice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20food" title=" functional food"> functional food</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=healthy%20lifestyle" title=" healthy lifestyle"> healthy lifestyle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20knowledge" title=" consumer knowledge"> consumer knowledge</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62371/consumer-choice-determinants-in-context-of-functional-food" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62371.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4704</span> Synthesis, Investigation, DFT Study and Biologically Activity of Zirconium (IV) Complexes with Diammie Complexes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salem%20El%20Ashoor">Salem El Ashoor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fathia%20M.%20El-Meheishi"> Fathia M. El-Meheishi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibtisam%20M.%20Diab"> Ibtisam M. Diab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Zirconium diammin and triammin complexes can be possess biological activities, these complexes were synthesized via the reaction equimolar quantity of (1:10-phenanthroline){NC3H3(C6H2)NC3H3} (L1) or 4-4-amino phenazone {ONC6H5(NH)CH(NH2} (L2) or diphenyl carbizon {HNNCO(NH)2(C6H5)} (L3) with Zirconium Salt {ZrOCl2} in ratio (1:1) to form complexes [{NC3H3(C6H2)NC3H3}ZrOCl2}] [ZrOCl2L1], [{(O2NC6H4(NH)(NH2)}ZrOCl2] [ZrOCl2L2] and [{HNNCO(NH)2(C6H5)ZrOCl2}] [ZrOCl2L3] respectively. The characterization of these complexes were follow by using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and UV-Visible spectroscopy. Also a variable temperature study of these complexes has been followed by using UV-Visible spectroscopy to follow electronic transform behaviors under temperature control also DFT study calculation was follow these complexes via the information from FT-IR and UV-Visible spectroscopy. A coordination number of these complexes of types five and six of the geometry can be suggested. These complexes were found to shown deferent inhibition to the growth of bacterial strains of Bacillus spp & Klebsiella spp & E.coli & proteus spp & pseudomona spp) while all complexes were in deferent's concentration (0.001, 0.2 and 1M) and the result as evidenced from the presence. For better understanding these complexes were examined by using Density functional theory (DFT) calculation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%281%3A10-phenanthroline%29%20%28L1%29" title="(1:10-phenanthroline) (L1)">(1:10-phenanthroline) (L1)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=4-4-amino%20phenazone%20%28L2%29" title=" 4-4-amino phenazone (L2)"> 4-4-amino phenazone (L2)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diphenyl%20carbizon%20%28L3%29" title=" diphenyl carbizon (L3)"> diphenyl carbizon (L3)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DFT%20study" title=" DFT study"> DFT study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibacterial" title=" antibacterial"> antibacterial</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4043/synthesis-investigation-dft-study-and-biologically-activity-of-zirconium-iv-complexes-with-diammie-complexes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4043.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">414</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4703</span> In-situ Raman Spectroscopy of Flexible Graphene Oxide Films Containing Pt Nanoparticles in The Presense of Atomic Hydrogen</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Moafi">Ali Moafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kourosh%20Kalantarzadeh"> Kourosh Kalantarzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Kaner"> Richard Kaner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parviz%20Parvin"> Parviz Parvin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ebrahim%20Asl%20Soleimani"> Ebrahim Asl Soleimani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dougal%20McCulloch"> Dougal McCulloch</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In-situ Raman spectroscopy of flexible graphene-oxide films examined upon exposure to hydrogen gas, air, and synthetic air. The changes in D and G peaks are attributed to defects responding to atomic hydrogen spilled over from the catalytic behavior of Pt nanoparticles distributed all over the film. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy images (HRTEM) as well as electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) were carried out to define the density of the samples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20situ%20Raman%20Spectroscopy" title="in situ Raman Spectroscopy">in situ Raman Spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EELS" title=" EELS"> EELS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TEM" title=" TEM"> TEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene%20oxide" title=" graphene oxide"> graphene oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene" title=" graphene"> graphene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atomic%20hydrogen" title=" atomic hydrogen"> atomic hydrogen</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23835/in-situ-raman-spectroscopy-of-flexible-graphene-oxide-films-containing-pt-nanoparticles-in-the-presense-of-atomic-hydrogen" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23835.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">449</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4702</span> Formation and Characterization of the Epoxy Resin-Porous Glass Interphases</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aleksander%20Ostrowski">Aleksander Ostrowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hugh%20J.%20Byrne"> Hugh J. Byrne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roland%20Sanctuary"> Roland Sanctuary</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Investigation of the polymer interphases is an emerging field nowadays. In many cases interphases determine the functionality of a system. There is a great demand for exploration of fundamental understanding of the interphases and elucidation of their formation, dimensions dependent on various influencing factors, change of functional properties, etc. The epoxy applied on porous glass penetrates its pores with an extent dependent on the pore size, temperature and epoxy components mixing ratio. Developed over the recent time challenging sample preparation procedure allowed to produce very smooth epoxy-porous glass cross-sections. In this study, Raman spectroscopy was used to investigate the epoxy-porous glass interphases. It allowed for chemical differentiation between different regions at the cross-section and determination of the degree of cure of epoxy system in the porous glass. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interphases" title="interphases">interphases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raman%20spectroscopy" title=" Raman spectroscopy"> Raman spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epoxy" title=" epoxy"> epoxy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porous%20glass" title=" porous glass"> porous glass</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9393/formation-and-characterization-of-the-epoxy-resin-porous-glass-interphases" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9393.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">395</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4701</span> Effect of Chemical Modification of Functional Groups on Copper(II) Biosorption by Brown Marine Macroalgae Ascophyllum nodosum</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luciana%20P.%20Mazur">Luciana P. Mazur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tatiana%20A.%20Pozdniakova"> Tatiana A. Pozdniakova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rui%20A.%20R.%20Boaventura"> Rui A. R. Boaventura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vitor%20J.%20P.%20Vilar"> Vitor J. P. Vilar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The principal mechanism of metal ions sequestration by brown algae involves the formation of complexes between the metal ion and functional groups present on the cell wall of the biological material. To understand the role of functional groups on copper(II) uptake by Ascophyllum nodosum, some functional groups were chemically modified. The esterification of carboxylic groups was carried out by suspending the biomass in a methanol/HCl solution under stirring for 48 h and the blocking of the sulfonic groups was performed by repeating the same procedure for 4 cycles of 48 h. The methylation of amines was conducted by suspending the biomass in a formaldehyde/formic acid solution under shaking for 6 h and the chemical modification of sulfhydryl groups on the biomass surface was achieved using dithiodipyridine for 1 h. Equilibrium sorption studies for Cu2+ using the raw and esterified algae were performed at pH 2.0 and 4.0. The experiments were performed using an initial copper concentration of 300 mg/L and algae dose of 1.0 g/L. After reaching the equilibrium, the metal in solution was quantified by atomic absorption spectrometry. The biological material was analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Potentiometric Titration techniques for functional groups identification and quantification, respectively. The results using unmodified algae showed that the maximum copper uptake capacity at pH 4.0 and 2.0 was 1.17 and 0.52 mmol/g, respectively. At acidic pH values most carboxyl groups are protonated and copper sorption suffered a significant reduction of 56%. Blocking the carboxylic, sulfonic, amines and sulfhydryl functional groups, copper uptake decreased by 24/26%, 69/81%, 1/23% and 40/27% at pH 2.0/4.0, respectively, when compared to the unmodified biomass. It was possible to conclude that the carboxylic and sulfonic groups are the main functional groups responsible for copper binding (>80%). This result is supported by the fact that the adsorption capacity is directly related to the presence of carboxylic groups of the alginate polymer, and the second most abundant acidic functional group in brown algae is the sulfonic acid of fucoidan that contributes, to a lower extent, to heavy metal binding, particularly at low pH. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosorption" title="biosorption">biosorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brown%20marine%20macroalgae" title=" brown marine macroalgae"> brown marine macroalgae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper" title=" copper"> copper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ion-exchange" title=" ion-exchange"> ion-exchange</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21834/effect-of-chemical-modification-of-functional-groups-on-copperii-biosorption-by-brown-marine-macroalgae-ascophyllum-nodosum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21834.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4700</span> Monotonicity of the Jensen Functional for f-Divergences via the Zipf-Mandelbrot Law</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neda%20Lovri%C4%8Devi%C4%87">Neda Lovričević</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C4%90ilda%20%20Pe%C4%8Dari%C4%87"> Đilda Pečarić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Josip%20Pe%C4%8Dari%C4%87"> Josip Pečarić</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Jensen functional in its discrete form is brought in relation to the Csiszar divergence functional, this time via its monotonicity property. This approach presents a generalization of the previously obtained results that made use of interpolating Jensen-type inequalities. Thus the monotonicity property is integrated with the Zipf-Mandelbrot law and applied to f-divergences for probability distributions that originate from the Csiszar divergence functional: Kullback-Leibler divergence, Hellinger distance, Bhattacharyya distance, chi-square divergence, total variation distance. The Zipf-Mandelbrot and the Zipf law are widely used in various scientific fields and interdisciplinary and here the focus is on the aspect of the mathematical inequalities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jensen%20functional" title="Jensen functional">Jensen functional</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monotonicity" title=" monotonicity"> monotonicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Csiszar%20divergence%20functional" title=" Csiszar divergence functional"> Csiszar divergence functional</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=f-divergences" title=" f-divergences"> f-divergences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zipf-Mandelbrot%20law" title=" Zipf-Mandelbrot law"> Zipf-Mandelbrot law</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107243/monotonicity-of-the-jensen-functional-for-f-divergences-via-the-zipf-mandelbrot-law" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107243.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4699</span> An Improved Visible Range Absorption Spectroscopy on Soil Macronutrient </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suhaila%20Isaak">Suhaila Isaak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusmeeraz%20Yusof"> Yusmeeraz Yusof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khairunnisa%20Mohd%20Yusof"> Khairunnisa Mohd Yusof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Safuan%20Abdul%20Rashid"> Ahmad Safuan Abdul Rashid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil fertility is commonly evaluated by soil macronutrients such as nitrate, potassium, and phosphorus contents. Optical spectroscopy is an emerging technology which is rapid and simple has been widely used in agriculture to measure soil fertility. For visible and near infrared absorption spectroscopy, the absorbed light level in is useful for soil macro-nutrient measurement. This is because the absorption of light in a soil sample influences sensitivity of the measurement. This paper reports the performance of visible and near infrared absorption spectroscopy in the 400–1400 nm wavelength range using light-emitting diode as the excitation light source to predict the soil macronutrient content of nitrate, potassium, and phosphorus. The experimental results show an improved linear regression analysis of various soil specimens based on the Beer–Lambert law to determine sensitivity of soil spectroscopy by evaluating the absorption of characteristic peaks emitted from a light-emitting diode and detected by high sensitivity optical spectrometer. This would denote in developing a simple and low-cost soil spectroscopy with light-emitting diode for future implementation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macronutrients%20absorption" title="macronutrients absorption">macronutrients absorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20spectroscopy" title=" optical spectroscopy"> optical spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title=" soil"> soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absorption" title=" absorption"> absorption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78092/an-improved-visible-range-absorption-spectroscopy-on-soil-macronutrient" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78092.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">293</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4698</span> Hyperspectral Imaging and Nonlinear Fukunaga-Koontz Transform Based Food Inspection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamidullah%20Binol">Hamidullah Binol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20Bal"> Abdullah Bal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, food safety is a great public concern; therefore, robust and effective techniques are required for detecting the safety situation of goods. Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) is an attractive material for researchers to inspect food quality and safety estimation such as meat quality assessment, automated poultry carcass inspection, quality evaluation of fish, bruise detection of apples, quality analysis and grading of citrus fruits, bruise detection of strawberry, visualization of sugar distribution of melons, measuring ripening of tomatoes, defect detection of pickling cucumber, and classification of wheat kernels. HSI can be used to concurrently collect large amounts of spatial and spectral data on the objects being observed. This technique yields with exceptional detection skills, which otherwise cannot be achieved with either imaging or spectroscopy alone. This paper presents a nonlinear technique based on kernel Fukunaga-Koontz transform (KFKT) for detection of fat content in ground meat using HSI. The KFKT which is the nonlinear version of FKT is one of the most effective techniques for solving problems involving two-pattern nature. The conventional FKT method has been improved with kernel machines for increasing the nonlinear discrimination ability and capturing higher order of statistics of data. The proposed approach in this paper aims to segment the fat content of the ground meat by regarding the fat as target class which is tried to be separated from the remaining classes (as clutter). We have applied the KFKT on visible and nearinfrared (VNIR) hyperspectral images of ground meat to determine fat percentage. The experimental studies indicate that the proposed technique produces high detection performance for fat ratio in ground meat. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20%28ground%20meat%29%20inspection" title="food (ground meat) inspection">food (ground meat) inspection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fukunaga-Koontz%20transform" title=" Fukunaga-Koontz transform"> Fukunaga-Koontz transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyperspectral%20imaging" title=" hyperspectral imaging"> hyperspectral imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kernel%20methods" title=" kernel methods"> kernel methods</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35980/hyperspectral-imaging-and-nonlinear-fukunaga-koontz-transform-based-food-inspection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35980.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4697</span> Synthesis, Electrochemical and Theoretical Study of Corrosion Inhibition on Carbon Steel in 1M HCl Medium by 2,2'-(piperazine-1,4-diyl)bis(N-(4-bromophenyl)acetamide)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tanghourte%20Mohamed">Tanghourte Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ouassou%20Nazih"> Ouassou Nazih</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=El%20Mesky%20Mohammed"> El Mesky Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Znini%20Mohamed"> Znini Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mabrouk%20El%20Houssine"> Mabrouk El Houssine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present study, a distinct organic inhibitor, namely 2,2'-(piperazine-1,4-diyl)bis(N-(4-bromophenyl)acetamide) (PBRA), was synthesized and characterized using ¹H, ¹³C NMR, and IR spectroscopy. Subsequently, the inhibition effect of PBRA on the corrosion of carbon steel in 1 M HCl was studied using electrochemical measurements such as potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results showed that the inhibition efficiency increased with concentration, reaching 87% at 10-³M. Furthermore, PBRA remained effective at temperatures ranging from 298 to 328 K. The adsorption of the inhibitor onto carbon steel was well described by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Additionally, a correlation between the molecular structure and quantum chemistry indices was established using density functional theory (DFT). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synthesis" title="synthesis">synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion" title=" corrosion"> corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhibition" title=" inhibition"> inhibition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piperazine" title=" piperazine"> piperazine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficacy" title=" efficacy"> efficacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isotherm" title=" isotherm"> isotherm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acetamide" title=" acetamide"> acetamide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194779/synthesis-electrochemical-and-theoretical-study-of-corrosion-inhibition-on-carbon-steel-in-1m-hcl-medium-by-22-piperazine-14-diylbisn-4-bromophenylacetamide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194779.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">5</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4696</span> Functional Dyspepsia and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Life sketches of Functional Illnesses (Non-Organic) in West Bengal, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Urmita%20Chakraborty">Urmita Chakraborty</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To start with, Organic Illnesses are no longer considered as only health difficulties. Functional Illnesses that are emotional in origin have become the search areas in many investigations. In the present study, an attempt has made to study the psychological nature of Functional Gastro-Intestinal Disorders (FGID) in West Bengal. In the specialty of Gastroenterology, the medically unexplained symptom-based conditions are known as Functional Gastrointestinal Disorder (FGID). In the present study, Functional Dyspepsia (FD) and Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) have been taken for investigations. 72 cases have been discussed in this context. Results of the investigation have been analyzed in terms of a qualitative framework. Theoretical concepts on persistent thoughts and behaviors will be delineated in the analysis. Processes of self-categorization will be implemented too. Aspects of Attachments and controlling of affect as well as meta-cognitive appraisals are further considered for the depiction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20dyspepsia" title="functional dyspepsia">functional dyspepsia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irritable%20bowel%20syndrome" title=" irritable bowel syndrome"> irritable bowel syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-categorization" title=" self-categorization"> self-categorization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21051/functional-dyspepsia-and-irritable-bowel-syndrome-life-sketches-of-functional-illnesses-non-organic-in-west-bengal-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21051.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">566</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4695</span> Optical and Dielectric Properties of Self-Assembled 0D Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Insulator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Kassou">S. Kassou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20El%20Mrabet"> R. El Mrabet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Belaaraj"> A. Belaaraj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Guionneau"> P. Guionneau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Hadi"> N. Hadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Lamcharfi"> T. Lamcharfi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite-like [C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>]<sub>2</sub>ZnCl<sub>4</sub> (PEA-ZnCl<sub>4</sub>) was synthesized by saturated solutions method. X-ray powder diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, UV-visible transmittance, and capacitance meter measurements have been used to characterize the structure, the functional groups, the optical parameters, and the dielectric constants of the material. The material has a layered structure. The optical transmittance (T %) was recorded and applied to deduce the absorption coefficient (α) and optical band gap (Eg). The hybrid shows an insulator character with a direct band gap about 4.46 eV, and presents high dielectric constants up to a frequency of about 10<sup>5</sup> Hz, which suggests a ferroelectric behavior. The reported optical and dielectric properties can help to understand the fundamental properties of perovskite materials and also to be used for optimizing or designing new devices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dielectric%20constants" title="dielectric constants">dielectric constants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20band%20gap%20%28eg%29" title=" optical band gap (eg)"> optical band gap (eg)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20parameters" title=" optical parameters"> optical parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raman%20spectroscopy" title=" Raman spectroscopy"> Raman spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-assembly%20organic%20inorganic%20hybrid" title=" self-assembly organic inorganic hybrid"> self-assembly organic inorganic hybrid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65237/optical-and-dielectric-properties-of-self-assembled-0d-hybrid-organic-inorganic-insulator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65237.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">402</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20near-infrared%20spectroscopy&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20near-infrared%20spectroscopy&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20near-infrared%20spectroscopy&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20near-infrared%20spectroscopy&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20near-infrared%20spectroscopy&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20near-infrared%20spectroscopy&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20near-infrared%20spectroscopy&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20near-infrared%20spectroscopy&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20near-infrared%20spectroscopy&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20near-infrared%20spectroscopy&page=157">157</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20near-infrared%20spectroscopy&page=158">158</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20near-infrared%20spectroscopy&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>