Chemistry in Pictures: Colorful plasma

<!DOCTYPE HTML> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta name="template" content="base-page-template"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/> <script defer="defer" type="text/javascript" src="/.rum/@adobe/helix-rum-js@%5E2/dist/rum-standalone.js"></script> <link rel="canonical" href="/materials/Chemistry-Pictures-Colorful-plasma/102/web/2024/07"/> <meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate"/> <meta http-equiv="Pragma" content="no-cache"/> <meta http-equiv="Expires" content="0"/> <meta charset="UTF-8"/> <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/> <title> Chemistry in Pictures: Colorful plasma </title> <meta property="og:title" content="Chemistry in Pictures: Colorful plasma "/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Chemical & Engineering News"/> <meta name="og:description" content="Serving the chemical, life science, and laboratory worlds"/> <meta property="og:type" content="website"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://s7d1.scene7.com/is/image/CENODS/20240709lnp20-plasma?$responsive$&wid=700&qlt=90,0&resMode=sharp2"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://cen.acs.org/materials/Chemistry-Pictures-Colorful-plasma/102/web/2024/07"/> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@cenmag"/> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@cenmag"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Chemistry in Pictures: Colorful plasma "/> <meta name="twitter:description"/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://s7d1.scene7.com/is/image/CENODS/20240709lnp20-plasma?$twitter$"/> <meta name="description"/> <meta name="facebook-domain-verification" content="an25ujdd57jxj7j3n94vqa7wv6hww6"/> <link rel="icon" href="/content/dam/acs-cen-redesign/logo/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"/> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/content/dam/acs-cen-redesign/logo/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"/>  <script async='async' src='https://www.googletagservices.com/tag/js/gpt.js'></script> <script> var gptadslots = []; var googletag = googletag || {cmd:[]}; </script>  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MRZG95K3');</script>  <link rel="stylesheet" href="/etc.clientlibs/cen-cloud/clientlibs/clientlib_thirdparty.lc-03bc33241a203f6398eb7db1569fa4e9-lc.min.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/etc.clientlibs/cen-cloud/clientlibs/clientlib_articles.lc-65042a9ca60ddcc637cbbc4dc668dda1-lc.min.css" type="text/css"> <script src="/etc.clientlibs/clientlibs/granite/jquery.lc-f9e8e8c279baf6a1a278042afe4f395a-lc.min.js"></script> <script src="/etc.clientlibs/cen-cloud/clientlibs/clientlib_thirdparty.lc-dc226b13ccf8cd5410bafcbaf57880bb-lc.min.js"></script> <script src="/etc.clientlibs/cen-cloud/clientlibs/clientlib_articles.lc-183be1b2868d43efdbe703a22cc80622-lc.min.js"></script> <script> function htmlEntities(e){var t=document.createElement("textarea");return t.innerHTML=e,t.value}var authorStack=[],collectionStack=[],nativoStack=[],tagStack=[],articleInfoStack=[],articleInfoArr=[],articleInfo="",aemMode=[],pType="in-issue";function getCookie(e){var t=("; "+document.cookie).split("; "+e+"=");return 2==t.length?t.pop().split(";").shift():""}window.location.pathname.indexOf("/web/")>0&&(pType="web"); </script> <script>authorStack.push(htmlEntities("Craig Bettenhausen"));</script> <script> var digitalData = { 'pageInfo' : { 'pageName' : htmlEntities('Chemistry in Pictures: Colorful plasma '), 'authorName' : authorStack.join(', '), 'description' : htmlEntities(''), 'copyright': htmlEntities('Chemical & Engineering News '), 'issueNumber' : '', 'highlightPriority' : '', 'volumeNumber' : '', 'contentType' : 'Article Page', 'articleId' : 'cen-20240709lnp20', 'doi' : '10.1021/cen-20240709lnp20', 'collections' : htmlEntities('article'), 'cType' : htmlEntities('Chemistry in Pictures'), 'department' : htmlEntities('scitech'), 'nfc' : htmlEntities(''), 'pType' : pType, 'pDate' : 'July 10, 2024', 'wCount' : '', 'aLimit' : '1', 'rLimit' : '1', 'sLimit' : '10', 'bLimit' : '6', 'cLimit' : '', 'isMigrated' : '' } }; var _cbq = window._cbq || []; _cbq.push(['_contentType', digitalData.pageInfo.contentType]); var xhr=new XMLHttpRequest();var url="/acs/cServe";xhr.open("POST",url,!1);xhr.onreadystatechange=function(){if(xhr.readyState===4&&xhr.status===200){var json=xhr.responseText;digitalData.userInfo=JSON.parse(atob(json))}};xhr.send() </script> <script> aemMode.push("publishMode"); </script> <script> digitalData.pageInfo.primaryTag = htmlEntities('Materials'); tagStack.push('materials'); nativoStack.push('materials'); articleInfo = 'materials , Chempics , coatings , plasma , material science '; articleInfoArr = articleInfo.split(','); for (var i = 0; i < articleInfoArr.length; i++) { articleInfoArr[i] = articleInfoArr[i].trim(); } articleInfoStack.push(articleInfoArr); </script> <script> if("Materials".localeCompare(digitalData.pageInfo.primaryTag)){ digitalData.pageInfo.secondaryTag = htmlEntities('Materials'); tagStack.push('materials'); nativoStack.push('materials'); } </script> <script> digitalData.pageInfo.secParent = htmlEntities(''); tagStack.push(''); </script> <script> if("".localeCompare(digitalData.pageInfo.secParent)){ digitalData.pageInfo.secChild = htmlEntities(''); tagStack.push(''); } </script> <script> digitalData.pageInfo.terParent = htmlEntities(''); tagStack.push(''); </script> <script> if("".localeCompare(digitalData.pageInfo.terParent)){ digitalData.pageInfo.terChild = htmlEntities(''); tagStack.push(''); } </script>  <script> collectionStack.push('chemistryInPictures'); </script> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "Article", "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id":"https://cen.acs.org/materials/Chemistry-Pictures-Colorful-plasma/102/web/2024/07" }, "description": "", "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://cen.acs.org/content/dam/cen/102/web/7/WEB/20240709lnp20-plasma.jpg" }, "datePublished": "20240710", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Craig Bettenhausen" }, "wordCount":"", "pageStart":"", "pageEnd":"", "articleSection":"Materials,Materials,Chemistry In Pictures", "abstract":"<p>We all know about solids, liquids, and gases from daily life. Plasmas are a more exotic state of matter that most people see only in the form of lightning and the northern lights. Sina Ardalan, on the other hand, works with plasmas on a regular basis in his PhD studies at the University of New Brunswick. Plasma consists of ionized gases, he says, and changing the gases gives the resulting plasmas different properties. Ardalan is developing a surface engineering technique called plasma-activated coating, for making biosensors, that involves flooding a chamber with a sequence of plasmas. “Initially, the purple argon plasma eliminates surface contaminants. Then the pinkish-red plasma mixture of acetylene, nitrogen, and argon gases creates a radical-rich coating layer that allows biomolecules to directly attach to the sensor surface, eliminating the need for expensive or toxic chemical linkers,” he says. The coated part comes out, and a bluish-purple oxygen</p> ", "dateModified": "2024-07-10 14:45:03.802+0000", "keywords": "materials , Chempics , coatings , plasma , material science ", "copyrightHolder": "Chemical & Engineering News", "publication": "Chemical & Engineering News", "copyrightYear": "", "alternativeHeadline": "", "headline": "Chemistry in Pictures: Colorful plasma ", "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "American Chemical Society", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://cen.acs.org/apps/cen-cloud/clientlibs/misc/cen/images/favicon.ico" } } } </script> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "Periodical", "issn": "0009-2347", "hasPart": { "@id": "cen-20240709lnp20", "@type": "PublicationVolume", "volumeNumber": "", "datePublished": "20240710" } } </script> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { var mapping1 = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([0, 0], [[320, 50]]) .addSize([730, 0], [[728, 90], [970, 90]]) .build(); try{ console.log("Topic: "+tagStack.toString()); console.log("Collection: "+collectionStack.length); console.log("Keywork: "+articleInfoStack.toString()); if(typeof collectionStack!="undefined" && collectionStack.length > 0){ gptadslots.push(googletag.defineSlot('/8868/cen', [[728,90],[970,90]], 'div-gpt-ad-21681463464-1') .defineSizeMapping(mapping1) .setTargeting('Topic', tagStack) .setTargeting('Collection', collectionStack[0]) .setTargeting('Keyword', articleInfoStack.toString()) .addService(googletag.pubads())); }else{ gptadslots.push(googletag.defineSlot('/8868/cen', [[728,90],[970,90]], 'div-gpt-ad-21681463464-1') .defineSizeMapping(mapping1) .setTargeting('Topic', tagStack) .setTargeting('Keyword', articleInfoStack.toString()) .addService(googletag.pubads())); } } catch (error) { console.log(error); } //Adslot 2 declaration try{ gptadslots.push(googletag.defineSlot('/8868/cen', [[300,250]], 'div-gpt-ad-6603120-3') .addService(googletag.pubads()));} catch (error) { console.log(error);} // Header Reveal Ad try{ if(window.location.href.indexOf("CENs-Year-Pharma-2024") > -1){ gptadslots.push(googletag.defineSlot('/8868/CEN_YearInPharma', [1,1], 'div-gpt-ad-8773544-1') .setTargeting('pos', ['YearInPharma_HR']) .addService(googletag.pubads())); } else{ if(typeof collectionStack!="undefined" && collectionStack.length > 0){ gptadslots.push(googletag.defineSlot('/8868/cen', [1,1], 'div-gpt-ad-8773544-1') .setTargeting('pos', ['interstitial']) .setTargeting('Topic', tagStack[0]) .setTargeting('Topic', tagStack[1]) .setTargeting('Collection', collectionStack[0]) .setTargeting('Keyword', articleInfoStack.toString()) .addService(googletag.pubads())); }else{ gptadslots.push(googletag.defineSlot('/8868/cen', [1,1], 'div-gpt-ad-8773544-1') .setTargeting('pos', ['interstitial']) .setTargeting('Topic', tagStack[0]) .setTargeting('Topic', tagStack[1]) .setTargeting('Keyword', articleInfoStack.toString()) .addService(googletag.pubads())); } } } catch (error) { console.log("error firing Header Reveal Ad.." + error); } // In-Article Reveal Ad try{ if(typeof collectionStack!="undefined" && collectionStack.length > 0){ gptadslots.push(googletag.defineSlot('/8868/cen', [1,1], 'div-gpt-ad-2894946-1') .setTargeting('pos', ['in_article_revealer']) .setTargeting('Topic', tagStack[0]) .setTargeting('Topic', tagStack[1]) .setTargeting('Collection', collectionStack[0]) .setTargeting('Keyword', articleInfoStack.toString()) .addService(googletag.pubads())); }else{ gptadslots.push(googletag.defineSlot('/8868/cen', [1,1], 'div-gpt-ad-2894946-1') .setTargeting('pos', ['in_article_revealer']) .setTargeting('Topic', tagStack[0]) .setTargeting('Topic', tagStack[1]) .setTargeting('Keyword', articleInfoStack.toString()) .addService(googletag.pubads())); } } catch (error) { console.log("error firing In-Article Reveal Ad.." + error); } googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.enableServices(); }); </script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/gsap/1.20.3/TweenMax.min.js"></script> <script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/ScrollMagic/2.0.5/ScrollMagic.min.js"></script> <script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/ScrollMagic/2.0.5/plugins/animation.gsap.min.js"></script>  <script src="//assets.adobedtm.com/822408db7b4a/5997dbcdb559/launch-440fa7e38116.min.js"></script> <script src="/etc.clientlibs/cen-cloud/clientlibs/clientlib_dfpads.lc-5992185d747223e67ed02b97171c451e-lc.min.js"></script> <script> var _sf_async_config = _sf_async_config || {}; /** CONFIGURATION START **/ _sf_async_config.uid = 61642; _sf_async_config.domain = window.location.hostname; _sf_async_config.flickerControl = false; //_sf_async_config.path = window.location.pathname; _sf_async_config.useCanonical = true; _sf_async_config.useCanonicalDomain = true; /** CONFIGURATION END **/ var s = document.createElement('script'); s.type = 'text/javascript'; s.src = '//static.chartbeat.com/js/chartbeat_mab.js'; var x = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; x.parentNode.insertBefore(s, x); </script>  <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRenderEnded', function(event) { if (event.slot.getSlotElementId() == 'div-gpt-ad-8773544-1') { // console.log("Rendered Ad Size..: " + event.size); if(event.size!=null){ // console.log("HR Ad ON"); window.scrollTo(0,0); $('.leaderboard-top').remove(); // Hiding Header Leader Ad while Header Reveal Ad displaying var cssPaddingVal = $('body').css("padding-top"); // fix for removing space above Header Reveal Ad - Start if(cssPaddingVal == "55px") { $('body').css("padding-top","0px"); $('.mobile-nav').css("margin-top", "0px"); // fix for remove space which is displaying between navigation and Header reveal Ad $(window).scroll(function() { $('.mobile-nav').css("margin-top", "0px"); }); } // fix for removing space above Header Reveal Ad - End } else if(event.size===null){ // console.log("HR Ad OFF"); $('#div-gpt-ad-8773544-1').remove(); // Removing Header Reveal Ad DIV tag if Ad respose null (if enable 24hr cap functionality) } } }); }); </script> <div id='div-gpt-ad-8773544-1'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-8773544-1'); }); </script> </div>  </head> <body class="page basicpage" id="page-d867ae7443" data-cmp-link-accessibility-enabled data-cmp-link-accessibility-text="opens in a new tab" data-cmp-data-layer-name="adobeDataLayer"> <div class="root responsivegrid"> <div class="aem-Grid aem-Grid--12 aem-Grid--default--12 "> <div class="genericAds aem-GridColumn aem-GridColumn--default--12"> <div class="leaderboard-top"> <h6 class="ads-title">Advertisement</h6> <div class="article-top-ads" id="div-gpt-ad-21681463464-1"> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-21681463464-1'); }); </script> </div> </div> <script> $(".article-small-ads > h6").css("margin-bottom","0rem"); </script></div> <div class="experiencefragment aem-GridColumn aem-GridColumn--default--12"> <div class="xf-content-height"> <div class="root responsivegrid"> <div class="aem-Grid aem-Grid--12 aem-Grid--default--12 "> <div class="header aem-GridColumn aem-GridColumn--default--12"> <div id="page-loader" style="display:none;"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin fa-3x" aria-hidden="true"></i></div> <div id="content2"> <div class="two_column_parsys"> <div id="two_column_parsys" class="bottomMargin"> <div id="article_text"> <div id="login_frame"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <header class="header-wrapper"> <div class="upper-nav show-for-large-nav"> <div class="grid-container "> <div class="grid-x grid-margin-x"> <div class="left-upper-nav large-6 cell"> <ul class="nav-link-parent"> <li class="nav-link-child"><a href="https://www.acs.org/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">ACS</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child"><a href="https://pubs.acs.org/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Publications</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child active"><a>C&EN</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child"><a href="https://www.cas.org/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">CAS</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="right-upper-nav large-6 cell"> <ul class="nav-link-parent right-nav"> <li class="nav-link-child pull-nav-right true signup"> <a href="#" class="join-acs-link-modal">Join ACS</a> </li> <li class="nav-link-child login"> <div/> <script type="text/javascript" src="/content/cen/misc/cen/js/user.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/content/cen/misc/cen/js/json_calls.js"></script> <span id="logintext"> <a href="#" onclick="showloginpopup(true); return false;"> <span> <i class="fa fa-lock"></i> </span> Log in </a> </span> <span id="logouttext" style="margin-left:20px;"><i class="fa fa-unlock"></i><a onclick="Logout(true)" href="#">Log out</a></span> <script type="text/javascript"> function showlogin(vis){ var frame = document.getElementById("login_frame"); var text = document.getElementById("main"); var dark= document.getElementById('darkenScreenObject'); var l = window.innerWidth/2 - 3900/2; var t = window.innerHeight/2 - 3200/2; var lstr = l+'px'; var tstr = t+'px' frame.style.display= "block"; frame.style.visibility = "visible"; var frames = document.createElement('iframe'); frames.src = '/content/cen/protectedPage.html'; frames.scrolling= 'no'; frame.appendChild(frames); text.style.visibility = "visible"; } function showloginpopup(vis){ $('body').addClass('mob-nav-open'); if((window.location.href).indexOf("type=paidArticleContent") > -1){ window.scrollBy(0,650); } else{ var frame = document.createElement("div"); frame.setAttribute("id", "login_frame"); var text = document.getElementById("content2"); var dark= document.getElementById('darkenScreenObject'); if(!dark){ setScreen(); dark=document.getElementById('darkenScreenObject'); } if (vis) { dark.style.visibility = "visible"; dark.style.zIndex=1001; var pageURL = window.location.href; var l = window.innerWidth/2 - 3900/2; var t = window.innerHeight/2 - 3200/2; var lstr = l+'px'; var tstr = t+'px' frame.style.display= "block"; frame.style.visibility = "visible"; window.location.href = '/content/cen/callingsso.html?pageURL='+pageURL; /* var frames = document.createElement('iframe'); frames.src = '/content/cen/callingsso.html?pageURL='+pageURL; frames.scrolling= 'no'; if(text.firstChild){ text.insertBefore(frame,text.firstChild); }else{ text.appendChild(frame); } */ frame.appendChild(frames); text.style.visibility = "visible"; }else{ dark.style.display='none'; dark.style.visibility = "hidden"; frame.style.display='none'; frame.style.visibility = "hidden"; text.style.visibility = "visible"; } } } function setScreen(){ var tbody = document.getElementsByTagName("body")[0]; var tnode = document.createElement('div'); // Create the layer. tnode.style.position='absolute'; // Position absolutely tnode.style.top='0px'; // In the top tnode.style.left='0px'; // Left corner of the page tnode.style.overflow='hidden'; // Try to avoid making scroll bars tnode.style.display='none'; // Start out Hidden tnode.id='darkenScreenObject'; // Name it so we can find it later tnode.style.opacity=0.8; tnode.style.MozOpacity=0.9; tnode.style.filter='alpha(opacity=70)'; tnode.style.zIndex=1001; tnode.style.backgroundColor='#000000'; tnode.style.width= '100%'; tnode.style.height= '100%'; tbody.appendChild(tnode); // Add it to the web page } function ClosePop() { $('#login_frame').remove(); $('body').removeClass('mob-nav-open'); } function Logout(){ $.ajax({url:"/acs/redirect", type: "POST", data: {username: "logout", uservalue: "logout" }, success: function(){ localStorage.removeItem('cenUser'); localStorage.removeItem('cenRenewUser'); window.location = "https://sso.acs.org/idp/service/glogout?appid=xxx&returnURL=https://"+window.location.hostname+"/"; } }); } function getCookie(name) { var re = new RegExp(name + "=([^;]+)"); var value = re.exec(document.cookie); return (value != null) ? unescape(value[1]) : null; } function loginAjaxCalls(){ if(true){ var call_url = 'https://sso.acs.org/idpservice/status'; var appid = "CENODSPublish"; var query_string = '?appid=' + appid; $.ajax({ url: call_url + query_string, type: 'GET', crossDomain: "true", contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8", xhrFields: { withCredentials: true }, success: function( response ){ if( response.succ && response.results ){ var loggedin = response.results.loggedin; if (loggedin){ var ifrm = document.createElement("iframe"); ifrm.setAttribute("src", "/content/cen/callingsso.html"); ifrm.style.width = "640px"; ifrm.style.height = "480px"; ifrm.style.position= "fixed"; document.body.appendChild(ifrm); } } else { // do something when status lookup failed here //alert('status lookup fail'); } } }); } else { var env = "dev"; if (env == "prod"){ var call_url = 'https://sso.acs.org/idp/status'; } else { var call_url = 'https://sso.acs.org/idp/status'; } var appid = "CENODSPublish"; var query_string = '?padding=jsonPaddingFunction&appid=' + appid + '&pagemaxage=86400'; $.ajax({ type: 'get', dataType: 'jsonp', url: call_url + query_string, jsonpCallback: 'jsonPaddingFunction', contentType: "application/json", success: function( response ){ if( response.succ && response.results ){ var loggedin = response.results.loggedin; if (loggedin){ var ifrm = document.createElement("iframe"); ifrm.setAttribute("src", "/content/cen/callingsso.html"); ifrm.style.width = "640px"; ifrm.style.height = "480px"; ifrm.style.position= "fixed"; document.body.appendChild(ifrm); } } else { // do something when status lookup failed here //alert('status lookup fail'); } } }); } } function checkUserTypeD(){ var currentUserLocal = localStorage.getItem('cenUser'); var currentUserLocalDType = localStorage.getItem('cenRenewUser'); if (currentUserLocal !== null) { currenUserDecoded=JSON.parse(currentUserLocal); localStorage.removeItem('cenUser'); } } $(document).ready(function() { try { json_calls.execute(); } catch (error) { // To give IE 11 a breather } try{ var cookieValueFirst= getCookie('cenLogin'); if( cookieValueFirst == '' || cookieValueFirst == null || cookieValueFirst ==undefined) { $.ajax({url:"/acs/redirect", type: "POST", data: {username: "erlogin", uservalue: "erlogin" }, success: function(){ loginAjaxCalls(); } }); } ACS.User.getCurrentUser(getCookie('cenLogin')); if (ACS.User.getUserName(getCookie('cenLogin')) != "") { jsonData = { "method":"validate-username", "userId": ACS.User.getUserName(getCookie('cenLogin')) }; $.ajax({ type: "POST", headers: { "Api-Key":"K75kjsd//:765jh" }, url: "/acs/paywall", data: (btoa(encodeURIComponent(JSON.stringify(jsonData)))), dataType: "json", contentType: "application/json", success: function(json){ var currentUser = localStorage.getItem('cenUser'); if(currentUser === null) { var userJson = {'username' : json.data.userId, userType: json.data.userType}; localStorage.setItem('cenUser', JSON.stringify(userJson)); }else{ var userJson = JSON.parse(currentUser); userJson['username'] = json.data.userId; userJson['userType'] = json.data.userType; localStorage.setItem('cenUser', JSON.stringify(userJson)); } checkUserTypeD(); } }) } if (ACS.User.isLoggedIn() && !ACS.User.isInstitution()){ if(true){ var call_url = 'https://sso.acs.org/idpservice/status'; var appid = "CENODSPublish"; var query_string = '?appid=' + appid; $.ajax({ url: call_url + query_string, type: 'GET', crossDomain: "true", contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8", xhrFields: { withCredentials: true }, success: function( response ){ if( response.succ && response.results ){ var loggedin = response.results.loggedin; } }, failure: function(response){ console.log(response); } }); } else { var env = "dev"; if (env == "prod"){ var call_url = 'https://sso.acs.org/idp/status'; } else { var call_url = 'https://sso.acs.org/idp/status'; } var appid = "CENODSPublish"; var query_string = '?padding=jsonPaddingFunction&appid=' + appid + '&pagemaxage=86400'; $.ajax({ type: 'get', dataType: 'jsonp', url: call_url + query_string, jsonpCallback: 'jsonPaddingFunction', contentType: "application/json", success: function( response ){ if( response.succ && response.results ){ var loggedin = response.results.loggedin; } }, failure: function(response){ console.log(response); } }); } $("#logintext").html("Hi, <span class='capitalise-username'>" + ACS.User.getFirstName() + "! </span>"); $("#logouttext").show(); $('.nav-link-child.true.signup').hide(); $("#logintext").css("padding-top","3px"); $("#logouttext").css("display","inine-block"); $('#mobile-login-btn1').hide(); $('.welcome-mob-tecxt').html("Hi, " + ACS.User.getFirstName() + "!"); $('#loggggout').show(); } } catch(e){ //alert(e); } }); </script> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="main-nav show-for-large-nav"> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="grid-x grid-margin-x"> <div class="left-nav large-12 cell"> <ul class="main-nav-parent"> <li class="main-nav-child logo-parent-nav"> <a class="logo-link nav-element" href="/"> <img class="logo logo-large" src="/content/dam/acs-cen-redesign/logo/cen-logo.png" alt="Chemical & Engineering News" title="Chemical & Engineering News"/> <img class="logo logo-small" src="/content/dam/acs-cen-redesign/logo/cenLogo-120.png" alt="Chemical & Engineering News" title="Chemical & Engineering News"/> </a> </li> <div> <li class="main-nav-child hide-for-mobile-nav"><a href="/most-recent.html" class="nav-element topic-pane">LATEST </a> </li> <div> <div class="hide-for-desktop-nav grid-x mobile-nav-bordering"> <h3 class="menu-item large-12 small-12 medium-12 cell mob-heading-nav no-menu-heading"><a href="/most-recent.html">LATEST <i class="fa fa-caret-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></h3> </div> </div> </div> <div> <li class="main-nav-child hide-for-mobile-nav"><a href="javascript:void(0)" data-toggle="TOPICS-dropdown" class="nav-element topic-pane">TOPICS <i class="fa fa-caret-down" aria-hidden="true"></i> <i class="fa fa-caret-up" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> <div class="dropdown-pane nav-pane " id="TOPICS-dropdown" data-dropdown data-position="bottom" data-alignment="left" data-close-on-click="true"> <div class="grid-x"> <ul class="header-list-parent cell large-4"> <li class="header-nav-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/analytical-chemistry.html">Analytical Chemistry</a></li> <li class="header-nav-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/biological-chemistry.html">Biological Chemistry</a></li> <li class="header-nav-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/business.html">Business</a></li> <li class="header-nav-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/careers.html">Careers</a></li> <li class="header-nav-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/education.html">Education</a></li> <li class="header-nav-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/energy.html">Energy</a></li> </ul> <ul class="header-list-parent cell large-4"> <li class="header-nav-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/environment.html">Environment</a></li> <li class="header-nav-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/food.html">Food</a></li> <li class="header-nav-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/materials.html">Materials</a></li> <li class="header-nav-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/people.html">People</a></li> <li class="header-nav-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/pharmaceuticals.html">Pharmaceuticals</a></li> <li class="header-nav-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/physical-chemistry.html">Physical Chemistry</a></li> </ul> <ul class="header-list-parent cell large-4"> <li class="header-nav-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/policy.html">Policy</a></li> <li class="header-nav-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/research-integrity.html">Research Integrity</a></li> <li class="header-nav-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/safety.html">Safety</a></li> <li class="header-nav-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/synthesis.html">Synthesis</a></li> <li class="header-nav-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/acs-news.html">ACS News</a></li> </ul> </div> </div></li> <div> <div class="hide-for-desktop-nav grid-x mobile-nav-bordering"> <h3 class="menu-item large-12 small-12 medium-12 cell mob-heading-nav">TOPICS</h3> <ul class="large-6 small-6 medium-6 cell parent-ul-menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/analytical-chemistry.html">Analytical Chemistry</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/biological-chemistry.html">Biological Chemistry</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/business.html">Business</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/careers.html">Careers</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/education.html">Education</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/energy.html">Energy</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/environment.html">Environment</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/food.html">Food</a></li> </ul> <ul class="large-6 small-6 medium-6 cell parent-ul-menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/materials.html">Materials</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/people.html">People</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/pharmaceuticals.html">Pharmaceuticals</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/physical-chemistry.html">Physical Chemistry</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/policy.html">Policy</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/research-integrity.html">Research Integrity</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/safety.html">Safety</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/synthesis.html">Synthesis</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/acs-news.html">ACS News</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div> <li class="main-nav-child hide-for-mobile-nav"><a href="javascript:void(0)" data-toggle="MAGAZINE-dropdown" class="nav-element topic-pane">MAGAZINE <i class="fa fa-caret-down" aria-hidden="true"></i> <i class="fa fa-caret-up" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> <div class="dropdown-pane nav-pane single-column-width" id="MAGAZINE-dropdown" data-dropdown data-position="bottom" data-alignment="left" data-close-on-click="true"> <div class="grid-x"> <ul class="header-list-parent cell large-12"> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/magazine/102/10236.html">Current Issue</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/magazine/all-issue.html">Recent Issues</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="https://pubs.acs.org/loi/cgeabj">Archives: 100 Years of C&EN</a></li> </ul> </div> </div></li> <div> <div class="hide-for-desktop-nav grid-x mobile-nav-bordering"> <h3 class="menu-item large-12 small-12 medium-12 cell mob-heading-nav">MAGAZINE</h3> <ul class="large-6 small-6 medium-6 cell parent-ul-menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/magazine/102/10236.html">Current Issue</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/magazine/all-issue.html">Recent Issues</a></li> </ul> <ul class="large-6 small-6 medium-6 cell parent-ul-menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="https://pubs.acs.org/loi/cgeabj">Archives: 100 Years of C&EN</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div> <li class="main-nav-child hide-for-mobile-nav"><a href="javascript:void(0)" data-toggle="FEATURES-dropdown" class="nav-element topic-pane">FEATURES <i class="fa fa-caret-down" aria-hidden="true"></i> <i class="fa fa-caret-up" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> <div class="dropdown-pane nav-pane " id="FEATURES-dropdown" data-dropdown data-position="bottom" data-alignment="left" data-close-on-click="true"> <div class="grid-x"> <ul class="header-list-parent cell large-4"> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/CENs-10-Start-ups-to-Watch.html">10 Start-ups to Watch</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/cen-centennial.html">C&EN's Centennial</a></li> </ul> <ul class="header-list-parent cell large-4"> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/CENs-Talented-12.html">Talented Twelve</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/sections/Trailblazers.html">Trailblazers</a></li> </ul> <ul class="header-list-parent cell large-4"> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/sections/global-top-50.html">Global Top 50 chemical firms</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/sections/us-top-50.html">US Top 50 chemical firms</a></li> </ul> </div> </div></li> <div> <div class="hide-for-desktop-nav grid-x mobile-nav-bordering"> <h3 class="menu-item large-12 small-12 medium-12 cell mob-heading-nav">FEATURES</h3> <ul class="large-6 small-6 medium-6 cell parent-ul-menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/CENs-10-Start-ups-to-Watch.html">10 Start-ups to Watch</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/cen-centennial.html">C&EN's Centennial</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/CENs-Talented-12.html">Talented Twelve</a></li> </ul> <ul class="large-6 small-6 medium-6 cell parent-ul-menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/sections/Trailblazers.html">Trailblazers</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/sections/global-top-50.html">Global Top 50 chemical firms</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/sections/us-top-50.html">US Top 50 chemical firms</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div> <li class="main-nav-child hide-for-mobile-nav"><a href="javascript:void(0)" data-toggle="COLLECTIONS-dropdown" class="nav-element topic-pane">COLLECTIONS <i class="fa fa-caret-down" aria-hidden="true"></i> <i class="fa fa-caret-up" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> <div class="dropdown-pane nav-pane " id="COLLECTIONS-dropdown" data-dropdown data-position="bottom" data-alignment="left" data-close-on-click="true"> <div class="grid-x"> <ul class="header-list-parent cell large-4"> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/sections/amazing-women-chemistry.html">Amazing Women of Chemistry</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/bench-cubicle.html">Bench & Cubicle</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/career-ladder.html">Career Ladder</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/in-memoriam.html">In Memoriam</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/movers-and-shakers.html">Movers and Shakers</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/newscripts.html">Newscripts</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/sections/nobel-prize-chemistry.html">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a></li> </ul> <ul class="header-list-parent cell large-4"> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/office-hours.html">Office Hours</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/opinion.html">Opinion</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/periodicgraphics.html">Periodic Graphics</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/quizzes.html">Quizzes</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/sections/sketch-chemistry.html">Sketch Chemistry</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/sections/speaking-of-chemistry.html">Speaking of Chemistry</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/whats-that-stuff.html">What's That Stuff?</a></li> </ul> <ul class="header-list-parent cell large-4"> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/sections/arabic.html">باللغة العربية C&EN</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/espanol.html">C&EN en Español</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/chinese.html">C&EN中文版</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/portugues.html">C&EN em Português</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/webinars.html">C&EN Webinars</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/whitepapers.html">C&EN White Papers & eBooks</a></li> </ul> </div> </div></li> <div> <div class="hide-for-desktop-nav grid-x mobile-nav-bordering"> <h3 class="menu-item large-12 small-12 medium-12 cell mob-heading-nav">COLLECTIONS</h3> <ul class="large-6 small-6 medium-6 cell parent-ul-menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/sections/amazing-women-chemistry.html">Amazing Women of Chemistry</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/bench-cubicle.html">Bench & Cubicle</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/career-ladder.html">Career Ladder</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/in-memoriam.html">In Memoriam</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/movers-and-shakers.html">Movers and Shakers</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/newscripts.html">Newscripts</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/sections/nobel-prize-chemistry.html">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/office-hours.html">Office Hours</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/opinion.html">Opinion</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/periodicgraphics.html">Periodic Graphics</a></li> </ul> <ul class="large-6 small-6 medium-6 cell parent-ul-menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/quizzes.html">Quizzes</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/sections/sketch-chemistry.html">Sketch Chemistry</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/sections/speaking-of-chemistry.html">Speaking of Chemistry</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/whats-that-stuff.html">What's That Stuff?</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/sections/arabic.html">باللغة العربية C&EN</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/espanol.html">C&EN en Español</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/chinese.html">C&EN中文版</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/portugues.html">C&EN em Português</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/webinars.html">C&EN Webinars</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/whitepapers.html">C&EN White Papers & eBooks</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div> <li class="main-nav-child hide-for-mobile-nav"><a href="/sections/stereo-chemistry-podcast.html" class="nav-element topic-pane">PODCASTS </a> </li> <div> <div class="hide-for-desktop-nav grid-x mobile-nav-bordering"> <h3 class="menu-item large-12 small-12 medium-12 cell mob-heading-nav no-menu-heading"><a href="/sections/stereo-chemistry-podcast.html">PODCASTS <i class="fa fa-caret-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></h3> </div> </div> </div> <div> <li class="main-nav-child hide-for-mobile-nav"><a href="/collections/chemistry-in-pictures.html" class="nav-element topic-pane">CHEMPICS </a> </li> <div> <div class="hide-for-desktop-nav grid-x mobile-nav-bordering"> <h3 class="menu-item large-12 small-12 medium-12 cell mob-heading-nav no-menu-heading"><a href="/collections/chemistry-in-pictures.html">CHEMPICS <i class="fa fa-caret-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></h3> </div> </div> </div> <div> <li class="main-nav-child hide-for-mobile-nav"><a href="https://chemistryjobs.acs.org/" class="nav-element topic-pane">JOBS </a> </li> <div> <div class="hide-for-desktop-nav grid-x mobile-nav-bordering"> <h3 class="menu-item large-12 small-12 medium-12 cell mob-heading-nav no-menu-heading"><a href="https://chemistryjobs.acs.org/">JOBS <i class="fa fa-caret-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></h3> </div> </div> </div> <li class="main-nav-child"> <a class="nav-element nav-search-element" data-toggle="search-dropdown" href="javascript:void(0)"><i class="fa fa-search"></i></a> <div class="dropdown-pane nav-pane multimedia-pane" id="search-dropdown" data-dropdown data-position="bottom" data-alignment="left" data-close-on-click="true"> <div class="grid-x"> <ul class="header-list-parent cell large-12"> <li class="header-nav-child"> <form role="search" method="get" class="search-form ng-pristine ng-valid nav-child-link" onsubmit="performSearchH();$('.search-field').val(''); return false"> <input type="search" class="search-field form-control" placeholder="Search …" value="" name="q" id="q" title="Search for:"/> <input type="submit" class="search-submit btn btn-primary" value="Search"/> </form> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/search.html">Advanced Search</a> </li> <li class="header-nav-child"></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <ul class="main-nav-parent social-footer-container"> <ul class="social-link-footer"> <li class="social-list"> <a rel="noopener" class="social-list-link" href="https://www.facebook.com/CENews" target="_blank" title="Facebook"> <i class="fa fa-facebook social-link-icon"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="social-link-footer"> <li class="social-list"> <a rel="noopener" class="social-list-link" href="https://www.instagram.com/cenmag/" target="_blank" title="Instagram"> <i class="fa fa-instagram social-link-icon"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="social-link-footer"> <li class="social-list"> <a rel="noopener" class="social-list-link" href="https://twitter.com/cenmag" target="_blank" title="X"> <i class="fa fa-twitter social-link-icon"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="social-link-footer"> <li class="social-list"> <a rel="noopener" class="social-list-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/c&en/" target="_blank" title="LinkedIn"> <i class="fa fa-linkedin social-link-icon"></i> </a> </li> </ul> </ul> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div> <nav class="hide-for-large-nav"> <div class="grid-container-fluid"> <div class="grid-x grid-margin-x"> <div class="large-12 cell"> <div class="mobile-nav"> <div class="float-center logo-parent"> <div class="float-left"> <a href="javascript:void(0)" data-toggle="mobile-dropdown"></a> <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="mobile-burger"> <i class="fa fa-reorder"></i> </a> </div> <a class="logo" href="/index.html" rel="home"> <img title="Chemical & Engineering News" class="logo logo-small" src="/content/dam/acs-cen-redesign/logo/cenLogo-120.png" alt="Chemical &#38; Engineering News"/> </a> <div class="float-right"> <a href="https://www.acs.org/bin/acs/sso/login" onclick="showloginpopup(true); return false;" title="Login" class="mobile-login-btn" id="mobile-login-btn1"> <i class="fa fa-user"></i> </a> <a href="javascript:void(0)" data-toggle="logout-dropdown" class="mobile-login-btn" style="height:40px;display:none;" id="loggggout"> <i class="fa fa-user"></i> </a> <div class="dropdown-pane logout-pane" id="logout-dropdown" data-dropdown style="width:150px;"> <div class="grid-x"> <ul class="cell large-12" style="margin-left: 0;margin-bottom:0;margin-right:0;"> <li class="logout-child welcome-mob-tecxt" style="color: #243241;background: #ffffff;text-shadow: none;font-family:'Franklin ITC';font-size:13px;"> Welcome, </li> <li class="logout-child"> <span id="logouttext1"><i class="fa fa-unlock" style="margin-right:10px;"></i><a onclick="Logout(true)" href="javascript:void(0)" style="color:#EC272D;font-size:14px;">Log out</a></span> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dropdown-pane nav-pane mobile-dropdown" id="mobile-dropdown" data-dropdown> <div class="grid-container-fluid"> <div class="grid-x grid-margin-x"> <div class="large-12 cell"> <div class="mobile-nav-menu"> <div class="float-center logo-parent"> <div class="float-left"> <a class="logo mobile-log-pos" href="/index.html" rel="home"> <img title="Chemical & Engineering News" class="logo logo-small" src="/content/dam/acs-cen-redesign/logo/cenLogo-120.png" alt="Chemical &#38; Engineering News"/> </a> </div> <div class="float-right"> <a href="#" target="_blank" title="Log in" class="mobile-close">×</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="large-12 cell"> <div class="scroll"> <div class="scroll-wrap grid-x"> <ul class="large-12 small-12 medium-12 cell parent-ul-menu"> <li class="search"> <form onsubmit="performSearchMobile(); return false"> <input type="text" id="mobile-search-box" placeholder="Search C&EN" required=""/> <button>Go</button> </form> </li> </ul> <ul class="large-12 small-12 medium-12 cell parent-ul-menu"> <div> <li class="main-nav-child hide-for-mobile-nav"><a href="/most-recent.html" class="nav-element topic-pane">LATEST </a> </li> <div> <div class="hide-for-desktop-nav grid-x mobile-nav-bordering"> <h3 class="menu-item large-12 small-12 medium-12 cell mob-heading-nav no-menu-heading"><a href="/most-recent.html">LATEST <i class="fa fa-caret-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></h3> </div> </div> </div> <div> <li class="main-nav-child hide-for-mobile-nav"><a href="javascript:void(0)" data-toggle="TOPICS-dropdown" class="nav-element topic-pane">TOPICS <i class="fa fa-caret-down" aria-hidden="true"></i> <i class="fa fa-caret-up" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> <div class="dropdown-pane nav-pane " id="TOPICS-dropdown" data-dropdown data-position="bottom" data-alignment="left" data-close-on-click="true"> <div class="grid-x"> <ul class="header-list-parent cell large-4"> <li class="header-nav-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/analytical-chemistry.html">Analytical Chemistry</a></li> <li class="header-nav-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/biological-chemistry.html">Biological Chemistry</a></li> <li class="header-nav-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/business.html">Business</a></li> <li class="header-nav-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/careers.html">Careers</a></li> <li class="header-nav-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/education.html">Education</a></li> <li class="header-nav-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/energy.html">Energy</a></li> </ul> <ul class="header-list-parent cell large-4"> <li class="header-nav-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/environment.html">Environment</a></li> <li class="header-nav-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/food.html">Food</a></li> <li class="header-nav-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/materials.html">Materials</a></li> <li class="header-nav-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/people.html">People</a></li> <li class="header-nav-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/pharmaceuticals.html">Pharmaceuticals</a></li> <li class="header-nav-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/physical-chemistry.html">Physical Chemistry</a></li> </ul> <ul class="header-list-parent cell large-4"> <li class="header-nav-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/policy.html">Policy</a></li> <li class="header-nav-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/research-integrity.html">Research Integrity</a></li> <li class="header-nav-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/safety.html">Safety</a></li> <li class="header-nav-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/synthesis.html">Synthesis</a></li> <li class="header-nav-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/acs-news.html">ACS News</a></li> </ul> </div> </div></li> <div> <div class="hide-for-desktop-nav grid-x mobile-nav-bordering"> <h3 class="menu-item large-12 small-12 medium-12 cell mob-heading-nav">TOPICS</h3> <ul class="large-6 small-6 medium-6 cell parent-ul-menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/analytical-chemistry.html">Analytical Chemistry</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/biological-chemistry.html">Biological Chemistry</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/business.html">Business</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/careers.html">Careers</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/education.html">Education</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/energy.html">Energy</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/environment.html">Environment</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/food.html">Food</a></li> </ul> <ul class="large-6 small-6 medium-6 cell parent-ul-menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/materials.html">Materials</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/people.html">People</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/pharmaceuticals.html">Pharmaceuticals</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/physical-chemistry.html">Physical Chemistry</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/policy.html">Policy</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/research-integrity.html">Research Integrity</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/safety.html">Safety</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/synthesis.html">Synthesis</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/topics/acs-news.html">ACS News</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div> <li class="main-nav-child hide-for-mobile-nav"><a href="javascript:void(0)" data-toggle="MAGAZINE-dropdown" class="nav-element topic-pane">MAGAZINE <i class="fa fa-caret-down" aria-hidden="true"></i> <i class="fa fa-caret-up" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> <div class="dropdown-pane nav-pane single-column-width" id="MAGAZINE-dropdown" data-dropdown data-position="bottom" data-alignment="left" data-close-on-click="true"> <div class="grid-x"> <ul class="header-list-parent cell large-12"> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/magazine/102/10236.html">Current Issue</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/magazine/all-issue.html">Recent Issues</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="https://pubs.acs.org/loi/cgeabj">Archives: 100 Years of C&EN</a></li> </ul> </div> </div></li> <div> <div class="hide-for-desktop-nav grid-x mobile-nav-bordering"> <h3 class="menu-item large-12 small-12 medium-12 cell mob-heading-nav">MAGAZINE</h3> <ul class="large-6 small-6 medium-6 cell parent-ul-menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/magazine/102/10236.html">Current Issue</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/magazine/all-issue.html">Recent Issues</a></li> </ul> <ul class="large-6 small-6 medium-6 cell parent-ul-menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="https://pubs.acs.org/loi/cgeabj">Archives: 100 Years of C&EN</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div> <li class="main-nav-child hide-for-mobile-nav"><a href="javascript:void(0)" data-toggle="FEATURES-dropdown" class="nav-element topic-pane">FEATURES <i class="fa fa-caret-down" aria-hidden="true"></i> <i class="fa fa-caret-up" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> <div class="dropdown-pane nav-pane " id="FEATURES-dropdown" data-dropdown data-position="bottom" data-alignment="left" data-close-on-click="true"> <div class="grid-x"> <ul class="header-list-parent cell large-4"> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/CENs-10-Start-ups-to-Watch.html">10 Start-ups to Watch</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/cen-centennial.html">C&EN's Centennial</a></li> </ul> <ul class="header-list-parent cell large-4"> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/CENs-Talented-12.html">Talented Twelve</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/sections/Trailblazers.html">Trailblazers</a></li> </ul> <ul class="header-list-parent cell large-4"> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/sections/global-top-50.html">Global Top 50 chemical firms</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/sections/us-top-50.html">US Top 50 chemical firms</a></li> </ul> </div> </div></li> <div> <div class="hide-for-desktop-nav grid-x mobile-nav-bordering"> <h3 class="menu-item large-12 small-12 medium-12 cell mob-heading-nav">FEATURES</h3> <ul class="large-6 small-6 medium-6 cell parent-ul-menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/CENs-10-Start-ups-to-Watch.html">10 Start-ups to Watch</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/cen-centennial.html">C&EN's Centennial</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/CENs-Talented-12.html">Talented Twelve</a></li> </ul> <ul class="large-6 small-6 medium-6 cell parent-ul-menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/sections/Trailblazers.html">Trailblazers</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/sections/global-top-50.html">Global Top 50 chemical firms</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/sections/us-top-50.html">US Top 50 chemical firms</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div> <li class="main-nav-child hide-for-mobile-nav"><a href="javascript:void(0)" data-toggle="COLLECTIONS-dropdown" class="nav-element topic-pane">COLLECTIONS <i class="fa fa-caret-down" aria-hidden="true"></i> <i class="fa fa-caret-up" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> <div class="dropdown-pane nav-pane " id="COLLECTIONS-dropdown" data-dropdown data-position="bottom" data-alignment="left" data-close-on-click="true"> <div class="grid-x"> <ul class="header-list-parent cell large-4"> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/sections/amazing-women-chemistry.html">Amazing Women of Chemistry</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/bench-cubicle.html">Bench & Cubicle</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/career-ladder.html">Career Ladder</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/in-memoriam.html">In Memoriam</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/movers-and-shakers.html">Movers and Shakers</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/newscripts.html">Newscripts</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/sections/nobel-prize-chemistry.html">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a></li> </ul> <ul class="header-list-parent cell large-4"> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/office-hours.html">Office Hours</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/opinion.html">Opinion</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/periodicgraphics.html">Periodic Graphics</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/quizzes.html">Quizzes</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/sections/sketch-chemistry.html">Sketch Chemistry</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/sections/speaking-of-chemistry.html">Speaking of Chemistry</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/whats-that-stuff.html">What's That Stuff?</a></li> </ul> <ul class="header-list-parent cell large-4"> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/sections/arabic.html">باللغة العربية C&EN</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/espanol.html">C&EN en Español</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/chinese.html">C&EN中文版</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/portugues.html">C&EN em Português</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/webinars.html">C&EN Webinars</a></li> <li class="nav-link-child"><a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/whitepapers.html">C&EN White Papers & eBooks</a></li> </ul> </div> </div></li> <div> <div class="hide-for-desktop-nav grid-x mobile-nav-bordering"> <h3 class="menu-item large-12 small-12 medium-12 cell mob-heading-nav">COLLECTIONS</h3> <ul class="large-6 small-6 medium-6 cell parent-ul-menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/sections/amazing-women-chemistry.html">Amazing Women of Chemistry</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/bench-cubicle.html">Bench & Cubicle</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/career-ladder.html">Career Ladder</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/in-memoriam.html">In Memoriam</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/movers-and-shakers.html">Movers and Shakers</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/newscripts.html">Newscripts</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/sections/nobel-prize-chemistry.html">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/office-hours.html">Office Hours</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/opinion.html">Opinion</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/periodicgraphics.html">Periodic Graphics</a></li> </ul> <ul class="large-6 small-6 medium-6 cell parent-ul-menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/quizzes.html">Quizzes</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/sections/sketch-chemistry.html">Sketch Chemistry</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/sections/speaking-of-chemistry.html">Speaking of Chemistry</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/whats-that-stuff.html">What's That Stuff?</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/sections/arabic.html">باللغة العربية C&EN</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/espanol.html">C&EN en Español</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/chinese.html">C&EN中文版</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/portugues.html">C&EN em Português</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/webinars.html">C&EN Webinars</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <a class="nav-child-link" href="/collections/whitepapers.html">C&EN White Papers & eBooks</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div> <li class="main-nav-child hide-for-mobile-nav"><a href="/sections/stereo-chemistry-podcast.html" class="nav-element topic-pane">PODCASTS </a> </li> <div> <div class="hide-for-desktop-nav grid-x mobile-nav-bordering"> <h3 class="menu-item large-12 small-12 medium-12 cell mob-heading-nav no-menu-heading"><a href="/sections/stereo-chemistry-podcast.html">PODCASTS <i class="fa fa-caret-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></h3> </div> </div> </div> <div> <li class="main-nav-child hide-for-mobile-nav"><a href="/collections/chemistry-in-pictures.html" class="nav-element topic-pane">CHEMPICS </a> </li> <div> <div class="hide-for-desktop-nav grid-x mobile-nav-bordering"> <h3 class="menu-item large-12 small-12 medium-12 cell mob-heading-nav no-menu-heading"><a href="/collections/chemistry-in-pictures.html">CHEMPICS <i class="fa fa-caret-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></h3> </div> </div> </div> <div> <li class="main-nav-child hide-for-mobile-nav"><a href="https://chemistryjobs.acs.org/" class="nav-element topic-pane">JOBS </a> </li> <div> <div class="hide-for-desktop-nav grid-x mobile-nav-bordering"> <h3 class="menu-item large-12 small-12 medium-12 cell mob-heading-nav no-menu-heading"><a href="https://chemistryjobs.acs.org/">JOBS <i class="fa fa-caret-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></h3> </div> </div> </div> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mobile-nav-footer"> <div class="follow-header">FOLLOW US</div> <div class="follow-social" style="font-size:15px;"> <ul class="social-link-footer"> <li class="social-list"> <a rel="noopener" class="social-list-link" href="https://www.facebook.com/CENews" target="_blank" title="Facebook"> <i class="fa fa-facebook social-link-icon"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="social-link-footer"> <li class="social-list"> <a rel="noopener" class="social-list-link" href="https://www.instagram.com/cenmag/" target="_blank" title="Instagram"> <i class="fa fa-instagram social-link-icon"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="social-link-footer"> <li class="social-list"> <a rel="noopener" class="social-list-link" href="https://twitter.com/cenmag" target="_blank" title="X"> <i class="fa fa-twitter social-link-icon"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="social-link-footer"> <li class="social-list"> <a rel="noopener" class="social-list-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/c&en/" target="_blank" title="LinkedIn"> <i class="fa fa-linkedin social-link-icon"></i> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <script> var date = new Date(); var y = date.getFullYear(); var m = date.getMonth()+1; var d = date.getDate(); var mode = 'true'; var searchpgName if(mode=='true') { searchpgName ="/search.html"; } else{ searchpgName ="/content/cen/search.html"; } function performSearchH() { var withQuery= searchpgName+"?q="+encodeURIComponent(document.getElementById("q").value)+"&sortBy=relevance&rpp=10&startYear=1998&startMonth=08&startDay=01&endYear="+y+"&endMonth="+m+"&endDay="+d+"&topics=all"; var withoutQuery= searchpgName; var valueCheck = document.getElementById("q").value; if(valueCheck!="" && valueCheck.length>0){ document.location.href=withQuery; } else{ document.location.href=withoutQuery; } } function performSearchMobile() { var withQuery=searchpgName+"?q="+encodeURIComponent(document.getElementById("mobile-search-box").value)+"&sortBy=relevance&rpp=10&startYear=1998&startMonth=08&startDay=01&endYear="+y+"&endMonth="+m+"&endDay="+d+"&topics=all"; var withoutQuery= searchpgName; var valueCheck = document.getElementById("mobile-search-box").value; if(valueCheck!="" && valueCheck.length>0){ document.location.href=withQuery; } else{ document.location.href=withoutQuery; } } </script></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="experiencefragment aem-GridColumn aem-GridColumn--default--12"> <div class="xf-content-height"> <div class="root responsivegrid"> <div class="aem-Grid aem-Grid--12 aem-Grid--default--12 "> <div class="cookieBar aem-GridColumn aem-GridColumn--default--12"> <div class="grid-x cookie-container cookie-container-fixed" id="cookie-main-bar"> <div class="cell small-9 mediun-10 large-9"> <div class="cookie-text"> <p>This site uses cookies to enhance your user experience. By continuing to use this site you are agreeing to our <a href="https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/privacy.html#cookies" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">COOKIE POLICY</a>.<br /> </p></div> </div> <div class="cell small-3 mediun-2 large-3 cookie-cta-parent"> <a class="cookie-cta" id="cen-cookie-accept">ACCEPT AND CLOSE </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="createAccountModal aem-GridColumn aem-GridColumn--default--12"> <div class="small reveal" id="signup-paywall-modal" data-close-on-click="false" data-close-on-esc="true" data-reveal> <div class="top-section-modal"> <button type="button" id="back-two-options" data-signup-back-action="" class="back-btn"><span><i class="cen-icon left-arrow"></i></span> <span class="btn-text"> Back</span> </button> <button class="close-button create-cta-click" data-close aria-label="Close modal" type="button"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </div> <div class="modal-top-hr show-for-small-only"></div> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="grid-x grid-margin-x"> <div class="cell small-12"> <h3 class="sign-up-heading typeF hide-signup-type"> Grab your lab coat. Let's get started </h3> <h3 class="sign-up-heading typeA hide-signup-type"> Welcome! </h3> <h3 class="sign-up-heading typeC typeE hide-signup-type"> Welcome! </h3> <h4 class="signup-subheading typeF hide-signup-type"> Create an account below to get 6 C&EN articles per month, receive newsletters and more - all free. </h4> <h4 class="signup-subheading typeA hide-signup-type"> It seems this is your first time logging in online. Please enter the following information to continue. </h4> <h4 class="signup-subheading typeC typeE hide-signup-type"> As an ACS member you automatically get access to this site. All we need is few more details to create your reading experience. </h4> <h4 class="signup-subheading typeA typeE typeC hide-signup-type margin-0"> <i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="check-mark login-step2"><i class="fa fa-info" aria-hidden="true"></i></span> </h4> <h4 class="signup-subheading login-step2 typeA typeE typeC hide-signup-type margin-0" id="signup-disp-username"> </h4> <h4 class="signup-subheading login-step2 typeA hide-signup-type"> <a href="#" id="change-username-offline" class="sign-up-login-lnk create-cta-click">Not you? Sign in with a different account.</a> </h4> <h4 class="signup-subheading login-step2 typeC typeE hide-signup-type"> <a href="#" id="change-username-online" class="sign-up-login-lnk create-cta-click">Not you? Sign in with a different account.</a> </h4> </div> </div> <div class="grid-x grid-margin-x"> <div class="cell small-12 medium-12 large-12"> <p class="login-text login-error sign-up-errors T001 T002 T003 T004 E001 E002 E003 CL01 CL02 X001 X002 X003 SYS100 APP100"> ERROR 1 </p> </div> <input class="pay-signup-input signup-elqfname" type="hidden" value="0518SEHMeterAccountCreation"/> <input class="pay-signup-input signup-elqsiteid" type="hidden" name="elqSiteID" value="1913652004"/> <div class="cell small-12 medium-6 large-6"> <input class="pay-signup-input signup-first-name" type="text" placeholder="First Name"/> <p class="login-text login-error sign-up-errors FN01 APPFN104 APPFLIMIT109 INVALFNAME01"> ERROR 1 </p> </div> <div class="cell small-12 medium-6 large-6"> <input class="pay-signup-input signup-last-name" type="text" placeholder="Last Name"/> <p class="login-text login-error sign-up-errors LN01 APPLN103 APPLLIMIT108 INVALLNAME01"> ERROR 2 </p> </div> <div class="cell small-12 large-12 medium-12"> <input class="pay-signup-input signup-email" type="text" placeholder="Email Address"/> <p class="login-text login-error sign-up-errors EM01 EM02 EM03 EM04 APPEID105"> ERROR 2 </p> </div> <div class="cell small-12 large-12 medium-12"> <input class="pay-signup-input signup-company-id" type="hidden" name="acsOrgId" id="acs-org-id-hidden-f"/> <input class="typeahead" type="text" id="acs-org-company" placeholder="University / company name"/> <p class="login-text login-error sign-up-errors AON01"> ERROR 2 </p> </div> <div class="cell small-12 large-12 medium-12"> <input class="pay-signup-input signup-username" type="text" placeholder="Create a username for your ACS ID"/> <p class="login-text login-error sign-up-errors UN01 UN05 UN02 UN03 UN04 APPUN102 INVALUNAME01"> ERROR 2 </p> </div> <div class="cell small-12 large-12 medium-12"> <input class="pay-signup-input signup-password" type="password" placeholder="Password"/> <p class="login-text login-error sign-up-errors PW01 PW02 APPPSWD106"> ERROR 2 </p> </div> <div class="cell small-12 large-12 medium-12"> <input class="pay-signup-input signup-confirm-password" type="password" placeholder="Confirm password"/> <p class="login-text login-error sign-up-errors CONFIRMPSWD"> Password and Confirm password must match. </p> </div> <div class="cell small-12 large-12 medium-12 member-box"> <p class="membership-text"> If you have an ACS member number, please enter it here so we can link this account to your membership. (optional) </p> <input type="text" class="pay-signup-input signup-membership-number" placeholder="Member number (ex: 123456789)"/> <p class="login-text login-error sign-up-errors EM06 MN01 MN02"> ERROR 2 </p> </div> <div class="cell small-12 large-12 medium-12 typeF"> <fieldset class="large-12 cell"> <input id="signup-newsletter" class="signup-newsletter-chkbox" type="checkbox"/><label class="newsletter-label" for="signup-newsletter">Yes! I want to get the latest chemistry news from C&EN in my inbox every week.</label> </fieldset> </div> <div class="cell small-12 large-12 medium-12"> <p class="discalimer-text"> ACS values your privacy. By submitting your information, you are gaining access to C&EN and subscribing to our weekly newsletter. We use the information you provide to make your reading experience better, and we will never sell your data to third party members. </p> </div> <div class="cell small-12 large-12 medium-12"> <a href="#" class="sign-up-btn button create-cta-click" id="create-account-main-btn"> CREATE ACCOUNT </a> </div> <div class="cell small-12 large-12 medium-12"> <a href="#" onclick="MyWindow=window.open('https://cen.acs.org/static/about/help.html','MyWindow','toolbar=no,location=no,directories=no,status=no, menubar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=600,height=900'); return false;" class="sign-up-login-lnk float-right help-pass-link typeA hide-signup-type create-cta-click">Need Help?</a> <a href="#" onclick="MyWindow=window.open('https://cen.acs.org/static/about/help.html','MyWindow','toolbar=no,location=no,directories=no,status=no, menubar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=600,height=900'); return false;" class="sign-up-login-lnk float-right help-pass-link typeC typeE hide-signup-type create-cta-click">Need Help?</a> </div> <div class="cell small-12 large-12 medium-12"> <p class="login-text typeA typeB typeD typeF hide-signup-type"> Already have an ACS ID? <a href="#" id="signup-make-login" class="sign-up-login-lnk create-cta-click">Log in here</a> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script> var createAccountJson = {"SYS100":"System Error","AON01":"Please select a valid University/Company name. For self or retired, enter N/A.", "APP100":"Please enter relevant details", "APPUN102":"Username cannot be empty", "APPLN103":"Last Name cannot be empty", "APPFN104":"First Name cannot be empty", "APPEID105":"Email cannot be empty", "APPPSWD106":"Password cannot be empty", "APPLLIMIT108":"Last name should be less than 30 characters", "APPFLIMIT109":"First name should be less than 30 characters", "T001":"An error has occurred while creating the account. Please contact System Administrator.","T002":"An error has occurred while creating the account. Please contact system administrator.","T003":"An error has occurred while creating the account. Please contact system administrator.","T004":"An error has occurred while creating the account. Please contact system administrator.","FN01":"First name not provided","LN01":"Last name not provided","EM01":"Email address not provided","EM02":"Please enter a valid email address","EM03":"Please enter a valid email address","EM04":"An account already exists for this email address.","EM06":"We need more information to complete your request; please contact Member Services at service@acs.org.","UN01":"User name should be alphanumeric,4 to 16 characters long and can contain special characters'_','-','.'or'@'","UN02":"User name should be alphanumeric,4 to 16 characters long and can contain special characters'_','-','.'or'@'","UN03":"An account already exists for this username.","UN04":"An account already exists for this username. ", "UN05":"User not found","INVALUNAME02": "Invalid Username", "PW01":"Password not provided", "PW02":"Password must use both numbers and letters and be 4 to 16 characters long. It can contain special characters '_','-','.' or '@'", "MN01":"Member number not found. Please enter a valid member number.", "MN02":"Please enter a valid member number. Member numbers are numerical and 9 characters long.", "E001":"Email and last name do not match", "E002":"Email, last name, and member number do not match", "E003":"Email and member number do not match", "CL01":"An error has occurred while creating the account. Please contact system administrator.","CONFIRMPSWD":"Password and Confirm password must match.", "CL02":"An error has occurred while creating the account. Please contact system administrator.", "X001":"An error has occurred while creating the account. Please contact system administrator.", "X002":"An error has occurred while creating the account. Please contact system administrator.", "X003":"An error has occurred while creating the account. Please contact system administrator." ,"INVALUNAME01":"Username should be alphanumeric and can contain special characters '_','-','.' or '@'", "INVALLNAME01":"Last Name should be alphanumeric, not more than 30 characters long and can contain special characters '_','-'", "INVALFNAME01":"First Name should be alphanumeric, not more than 30 characters long and can contain special characters '_','-'"}; localStorage.setItem("errorCodesStore",JSON.stringify(createAccountJson)); var contextPath = 'https://orgsearch.acs.org/acsoipui'; $(function(){ createAccount.init(contextPath); }); </script> <script> var userTypeForAjax=""; function showSignUpModal(type){ ClosePop(); var acsType = "240101_cen_paywall_a" ; var url = window.top.location.href; var redirect_url = "?redirect_url="+encodeURIComponent(url); var source_code = "&sourcecode="+acsType; var redirectPath ="https://account.acs.org/ssoamweb/account/doSignUp?url_success=https%3A%2F%2Fmembershipdev.acs.org%2Finline%2Fmembership%2F"; redirectPath+=encodeURIComponent(redirect_url)+encodeURIComponent(source_code); redirectPath+="&url_cancel="+encodeURIComponent(url); window.top.location.href = redirectPath; } if(window.frameElement) { window.ClosePop = function(){ window.parent.ClosePop(); } } </script> </div> <div class="membershipCategories aem-GridColumn aem-GridColumn--default--12"> <script> var returnToCenLabel = "Return to C%26EN" ; var ctaPath = " https://membership.join.acs.org "; var ctaPath2 = "https://membership.acs.org/inline/membership/ "; var acsType = "240101_cen_paywall_a" ; </script> <div class="modal-dialog modal-dialog-membership reveal large" id="membership-modal" data-close-on-click="false" data-close-on-esc="true" data-reveal> <div class="modal-option"> <div class="modal-content"> <button class="close-button membership-cta-click membership-cta-galabels " data-close data-memtype="x" aria-label="Close modal" type="button"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> <div class="modal-header"> </div> <div class="membership-modal-hr show-for-small-only"></div> <div class="modal-body"> <div class="grid-container membership-parent-common membership-rev membership-large" id="A"> <div class="modal-body-header grid-x"> <div class="large-12 medium-12 small-12 cell"> <p class="membership-membersubtext"> <span class="membership-discount-text text-left"></span></p> </div> <div class="large-12 medium-12 small-12 cell"> <h2 class="member-text">Cyber Savings Season: Get 30% off ACS membership with promo code CYBER24. Offer valid though Dec. 11.</h2> </div> <div class="large-12 medium-12 small-12 cell"> <h4 class="modal-heading-signup">Access more articles now. Choose the ACS option that’s right for you. <span class="membership-discount-text text-left"></span></h4> </div> <div class="large-12 medium-12 small-12 cell"> <p class="membership-subheader"> Already an ACS Member? <a class="membership-login-cta membership-cta-click membership-cta-galabels" onclick="$('.reveal').foundation('close');showloginpopup(true); return false;" href="#">Log in here</a>   </p> </div> <div class="large-12 medium-12 small-12 cell membership-prices-box"> <div class=""> <div class="grid-x"> <div class="large-4 medium-4 small-12 cell top-margin-20"> <div class="large-12 medium-12 small-12 cell membership-box"> <div class="membership-type">Basic</div> <div class="membership-headline-bottom"></div> <div class="membership-price-2 basic-pkg"> <p><b>$0 </b>Community Associate<br /> </p> </div> </div> <div class="large-12 medium-12 small-12 cell text-left top-margin-10"> <div class="membership-benifits text-left top-basic-margin-10"> <p><b>ACS’s Basic Package keeps you connected with C&EN and ACS.</b></p> <ul><li>Access to 6 digital C&EN articles per month on cen.acs.org</li><li>Weekly delivery of the C&EN Essential newsletter</li></ul> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="communityMembership-cta membership-cta-click" data-memtype="Basic Package">JOIN NOW</a><br/> </div> <div class="large-4 medium-4 small-12 cell top-margin-20"> <div class="large-12 medium-12 small-12 cell membership-box"> <div class="membership-type">Standard</div> <div class="membership-headline-bottom"></div> <div class="membership-price-2 standard-pkg"> <p><b>$80</b> Regular Members & Society Affiliates</p> </div> </div> <div class="large-12 medium-12 small-12 cell text-left top-margin-10"> <div class="membership-benifits text-left top-margin-10"> <p><b>ACS’s Standard Package lets you stay up to date with C&EN, stay active in ACS, and save.</b></p> <ul><li>Access to 10 digital C&EN articles per month on cen.acs.org</li><li>Weekly delivery of the digital C&EN Magazine</li><li>Access to our <a href="https://cen.acs.org/static/about/mobile.html">Chemistry News by C&EN mobile app</a></li></ul> <div><b>Eligibility restrictions apply. Review <a href="https://www.acs.org/membership/member-benefits.html">ACS Membership Packages</a> to see if you qualify.</b><br /> <br /> </div> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="membership-cta membership-cta-click" data-memtype="Standard Package">JOIN NOW</a><br/> </div> <div class="large-4 medium-4 small-12 cell top-margin-20"> <div class="large-12 medium-12 small-12 cell membership-box"> <div class="membership-type"> Premium</div> <div class="membership-headline-bottom"></div> <div class="membership-price-2"> <p><b>$160 </b>Regular Members & Society Affiliates<br /> <b>$55</b> Graduate Students<br /> <b>$25</b> Undergraduate Students</p> </div> </div> <div class="large-12 medium-12 small-12 cell text-left top-margin-10"> <div class="membership-benifits text-left top-margin-10"> <p><b>ACS’s Premium Package gives you full access to C&EN and everything the ACS Community has to offer.</b></p> <ul><li>Unlimited access to C&EN’s daily news coverage on cen.acs.org</li><li>Weekly delivery of the C&EN Magazine in print or digital format</li><li>Access to our <a href="https://cen.acs.org/static/about/mobile.html">Chemistry News by C&EN mobile app</a></li><li>Significant discounts on registration for most ACS-sponsored meetings</li></ul> <div><b>ACS offers discounts for some countries outside the United States. This discount is shown at checkout, if applicable.</b><br /> <br /> </div> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="membership-cta membership-cta-click" data-memtype="Premium Package">JOIN NOW</a><br/> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script> if(window.frameElement) { window.openMembershipmodal = function(){ $('.reveal').foundation('close'); $('#membership-modal').foundation('open'); } } </script></div> <div class="thankYouModal aem-GridColumn aem-GridColumn--default--12"> <div class="modal-dialog thankyou-modal reveal tiny" id="thankyou-modal" data-close-on-click="false" data-close-on-esc="false" data-reveal> <div class="modal-option"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="modal-body-header grid-x"> <div class="large-12 medium-12 small-12 cell text-center"> <h2 class="thankyou-header"> Thank you! </h2> <img src="/content/dam/acs-cen-redesign/logo/flask.png" class="thankyou-image"/> <p class="thankyou-membersubtext"> Your account has been created successfully, and a confirmation email is on the way. </p> <p class="thankyou-membersubtext"> Your username is now your ACS ID. </p> <div class="large-8 medium-8 small-12 cell top-margin1 text-center"> <a class="thankyou-cta" id="thank-you-continue-reading-cta" href="#"> <span aria-hidden="true" id="thank-you-submit-text"> CONTINUE READING   </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <span id="unlimited-thank-you-text" class="hide">ENJOY UNLIMITED ACCES TO C&EN</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="responsivegrid aem-GridColumn--default--none aem-GridColumn aem-GridColumn--default--8 aem-GridColumn--offset--default--2"> <div class="aem-Grid aem-Grid--8 aem-Grid--default--8 "> <div class="articlePage aem-GridColumn aem-GridColumn--default--8"> <style> .xf-content-height { min-height: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; } </style> <section> <div class="aem-Grid aem-Grid--12 aem-Grid--default--12 "> </div> </section> <div id="page-loader" style="display:none;"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin fa-3x" aria-hidden="true"></i></div> <section> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x"> <div class="large-12 cell"> <div class="article-intro"> <h4 class="article-intro-secondary-tag"> <a class="article-intro-secondary-tag-link" href="/topics/materials.html"> Materials </a> </h4> <h4 class="article-intro-secondary-tag collection"> <a class="article-intro-secondary-tag-link" id="collectionTab"> Chemistry In Pictures </a> </h4> <h1 class="article-intro-title"> Chemistry in Pictures: Colorful plasma </h1> <h2 class="article-intro-desc"> </h2> <h5 class="article-intro-author-name"> <i class="article-intro-author-style"> by <a class="article-intro-author-name-link" href="/staffDirectory/Craig-Bettenhausen.html"> Craig Bettenhausen </a> </i> </h5> <h5 class="article-intro-author-name"> <div class="article-intro-volume-number"> July 10, 2024 </div> </h5> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section> </section> <section> </section> <section> </section> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x"> <div class="sidebar-wrap"> <div class="sidebar-right "> <div class="large-3 large-offset-9"> <div class="fixed-right-rail "> <div class="aem-Grid aem-Grid--12 aem-Grid--default--12 "> <div class="genericAds aem-GridColumn aem-GridColumn--default--12"> <div class="article-small-ads"> <h6 class="text-center sticky-ad-header">Advertisement</h6> <div id="div-gpt-ad-6603120-3"> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-6603120-3'); }); </script> </div> </div> <script> $(".article-small-ads > h6").css("margin-bottom","0rem"); </script></div> <div class="popularArticles aem-GridColumn aem-GridColumn--default--12"> <div class="article-popular"> <p class="popular-title popular-desc">Most Popular in <a class="most-popular-taxnomy" href="/topics/materials.html">Materials</a> <ul class="article-popular-main"> <li class="popular-desc popular-list"> <a class="popular-link" href="/materials/metal-organic-frameworks/MOF-hot/102/i36?sc=231026_mostread_eng_cen">This MOF is hot to go </a> </li> <li class="popular-desc popular-list"> <a class="popular-link" href="/materials/inorganic-chemistry/glass-recycling-US-broken/97/i6?sc=231026_mostread_eng_cen">Why glass recycling in the US is broken</a> </li> <li class="popular-desc popular-list"> <a class="popular-link" href="/materials/Totally-rad-Radiative-materials-redefine/102/i36?sc=231026_mostread_eng_cen">Totally rad: Radiative materials redefine cool clothes for a hotter world </a> </li> <li class="popular-desc popular-list"> <a class="popular-link" href="/materials/Covalent-organic-framework-captures-carbon/102/i34?sc=231026_mostread_eng_cen">Covalent organic framework captures carbon from air </a> </li> <li class="popular-desc popular-list"> <a class="popular-link" href="/materials/energy-storage/time-serious-recycling-lithium/97/i28?sc=231026_mostread_eng_cen">It’s time to get serious about recycling lithium-ion batteries</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <section> <div class="aem-Grid aem-Grid--12 aem-Grid--default--12 "> <div class="bespokeText aem-GridColumn aem-GridColumn--default--12"> <div class="article-base-margin" id="a"> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x"> <div class="large-9 medium-12 small-12 cell"> <div class="text-left article-content"> <p style="margin-top:-20px;"/> </div> <div class="long-form-text-par-1 container responsivegrid"> <div id="container-ae9538709d" class="cmp-container"> <div class="image"> <div class="image-component image-component-full pull-left"> <picture id="three"> <source media="(max-width: 480px)" srcset="https://s7d1.scene7.com/is/image/CENODS/20240709lnp20-plasma?$responsive$&wid=400&qlt=90,0&resMode=sharp2"/> <source media="(max-width: 992px)" srcset="https://s7d1.scene7.com/is/image/CENODS/20240709lnp20-plasma?$responsive$&wid=610&qlt=90,0&resMode=sharp2"/> <img src="/content/dam/cen/static/images/dev/thumbnail-profiles/placeholder.jpg" data-src="https://s7d1.scene7.com/is/image/CENODS/20240709lnp20-plasma?$responsive$&wid=700&qlt=90,0&resMode=sharp2" data-srcset="https://s7d1.scene7.com/is/image/CENODS/20240709lnp20-plasma?$responsive$&wid=700&qlt=90,0&resMode=sharp2" alt="Three vacuum chambers with little tables inside. From left, they're purple, pink, and violet." class="dmm-resize-img-full cq-dd-image lazy lazy-image" title="Three vacuum chambers with little tables inside. From left, they're purple, pink, and violet."/> </picture> <div class="credit"> Credit: Submitted by Sina Ardalan </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="text-left article-content"> <p><span class="text-first-letter">We all know about solids, liquids, and gases from daily life. Plasmas are a more exotic state of matter that most <a href="https://cen.acs.org/environment/atmospheric-chemistry/What-is-ball-lightning-reality-or-myth/102/i12" shape="rect" title="What is ball lightning, a reality or myth?">people see only in the form of lightning</a> and the northern lights. Sina Ardalan, on the other hand, works with plasmas on a regular basis in his PhD studies at the University of New Brunswick. Plasma consists of ionized gases, he says, and changing the gases gives the resulting plasmas different properties. Ardalan is developing a surface engineering technique called plasma-activated coating, for making biosensors, that involves flooding a chamber with a sequence of plasmas. “Initially, the purple argon plasma eliminates surface contaminants. Then the pinkish-red plasma mixture of acetylene, nitrogen, and argon gases creates a radical-rich coating layer that allows biomolecules to directly attach to the sensor surface, eliminating the need for expensive or toxic chemical linkers,” he says. The coated part comes out, and a bluish-purple oxygen plasma then cleanses the chamber for the next sample. It sounds complex, but Ardalan says it eliminates the need for multiple wet-chemistry surface prep steps, resulting in a more streamlined fabrication that generates less waste. </span></p> </div> <div class="text-left article-content"> <p>Submitted by Sina Ardalan</p> </div> <div class="text-left article-content"> <p>Do science. Take pictures. Win money. <a href="https://cen.acs.org/collections/chemistry-in-pictures/submit-your-photo.html" shape="rect" title="Enter our photo contest here">Enter our photo contest.</a> </p> </div> <div class="text-left article-content"> <p><a href="https://cen.acs.org/sections/chemistry-in-pictures.html" shape="rect" title="C&EN’s Chemistry in Pictures">See more Chemistry in Pictures.</a> </p> </div> <div class="long-form-text-par-5 container responsivegrid"> <div id="container-8ebc8c3baf" class="cmp-container"> <div class="copyright"> <div class="article-copyright"> <div class="copyright-desc"> <div>Chemical & Engineering News</div> <div>ISSN 0009-2347</div> <div>Copyright © 2024 American Chemical Society</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="relatedArticles"> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="article-recommended"> <h3 class="recommended-title">You might also like...</h3> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x recommended-main"> <div class="large-3 medium-6 small-6 cell spaced-manage"> <div class="recommended-multiple-item"> <div class="recommended-wrap-img-eyebrow"> <div class="recommended-menu recommended-menu-img"> <a class="recommended-img" href="/materials/Chemistry-Pictures-Glow-through-through/102/web/2024/05?sc=230901_cenymal_eng_slot1_cen"> <picture> <source media="(max-width: 992px)" srcset="https://s7d1.scene7.com/is/image/CENODS/20240507lnp20-zirc?$responsive$&wid=300&qlt=90,0&resMode=sharp2"/> <img class="recom-image" src="https://s7d1.scene7.com/is/image/CENODS/20240507lnp20-zirc?$responsive$&wid=200&qlt=90,0&resMode=sharp2" alt="Serving the chemical, life science, and laboratory worlds"/> </picture> </a> </div> </div> <div class="recommended-menu"> <a class="recommended-text" href="/materials/Chemistry-Pictures-Glow-through-through/102/web/2024/05?sc=230901_cenymal_eng_slot1_cen"> Chemistry in Pictures: Glow through what you go through </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="large-3 medium-6 small-6 cell spaced-manage"> <div class="recommended-multiple-item"> <div class="recommended-wrap-img-eyebrow"> <div class="recommended-menu recommended-menu-img"> <a class="recommended-img" href="/education/Chemistry-Pictures-Glow-discharge-tube/101/web/2023/08?sc=230901_cenymal_eng_slot2_cen"> <video autoplay loop muted playsinline class="recom-image"> <source src="https://s7d1.scene7.com/is/content/CENODS/20230824lnp20-ion" type="video/mp4"/> </video> </a> </div> </div> <div class="recommended-menu"> <a class="recommended-text" href="/education/Chemistry-Pictures-Glow-discharge-tube/101/web/2023/08?sc=230901_cenymal_eng_slot2_cen"> Chemistry in Pictures: Glow discharge tube </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="large-3 medium-6 small-6 cell spaced-manage"> <div class="recommended-multiple-item"> <div class="recommended-wrap-img-eyebrow"> <div class="recommended-menu recommended-menu-img"> <a class="recommended-img" href="/materials/Chemistry-Pictures-Americium-beautiful/99/web/2021/07?sc=230901_cenymal_eng_slot3_cen"> <picture> <source media="(max-width: 992px)" srcset="https://s7d1.scene7.com/is/image/CENODS/20210707lnp20-americium?$responsive$&wid=300&qlt=90,0&resMode=sharp2"/> <img class="recom-image" src="https://s7d1.scene7.com/is/image/CENODS/20210707lnp20-americium?$responsive$&wid=200&qlt=90,0&resMode=sharp2" alt="Serving the chemical, life science, and laboratory worlds"/> </picture> </a> </div> </div> <div class="recommended-menu"> <a class="recommended-text" href="/materials/Chemistry-Pictures-Americium-beautiful/99/web/2021/07?sc=230901_cenymal_eng_slot3_cen"> Chemistry in Pictures: Americium the beautiful </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="large-3 medium-6 small-6 cell spaced-manage"> <div id="nativo-articlepage-1" class="sponsored-42"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="socialSharing aem-GridColumn aem-GridColumn--default--12"><script> var emailFriend = { emailToValidation: false, emailFromValidation: false, emailCommentValidation: false, emailFromNameValidation: false, init: function () { emailFriend.resetForm(); emailFriend.emailTo(); emailFriend.emailFrom(); emailFriend.emailComment(); emailFriend.emailFromName(); $('#email_friend').on('submit', emailFriend.formListerner); }, ajaxCall: function (requestType) { $.ajax({ type: 'POST', url: '/acs/mailServlet', data: { "email_to": $('#email_to').val(), "email_comment": $('#email_comment').val(), "email_from_name": $('#email_from_name').val(), "email_from": $('#email_from').val(), "articlePath": window.location.pathname, "hostName": window.location.hostname, "published_date": $('#published_date').val(), "article_title": btoa($('#article_title').val()), "volume_number": $('#volume_number').val(), "issue_number": $('#issue_number').val(), "volIssuePath": $('#volIssuePath').val(), "captcha": grecaptcha.getResponse() }, success: function (data) { var parsedData = JSON.parse(data); $('#sent-email').html(parsedData.addresses); $('#article-heading-confirm').html(parsedData.articleTitle); $('#article-heading-confirm').attr("href", parsedData.articlePath); $('#email-to-friend-model').foundation('close'); $('#email_friend')[0].reset(); $('#thank-you-email-modal').foundation('open'); document.getElementById("submit-friend-btn").disabled = true; grecaptcha.reset(); }, fail: function (data) { alert("Something went wrong. Please try again later."); document.getElementById("submit-friend-btn").disabled = true; grecaptcha.reset(); } }); }, formListerner: function (e) { if ((emailFriend.emailToValidation == true) && (emailFriend.emailFromValidation == true) && (emailFriend.emailCommentValidation == true) && (emailFriend.emailFromNameValidation == true)) { emailFriend.ajaxCall('POST'); $('[data-loading-start]').click(function () { $(this).addClass('hide'); $(this).parent().find('[data-loading-end]').removeClass('hide'); $('[data-loading-start]').removeClass('hide'); $('[data-loading-end]').addClass('hide'); $('[data-success-message]').removeClass('hide'); }); e.preventDefault(); } else { return false; } }, emailTo: function () { $('#email_to').on('change', function () { var emailto = $(this).val(); var emails = emailto.split(","); var final_emails = []; for (var ind = 0; ind < emails.length; ind++) { var curr_email = emails[ind]; final_emails = final_emails.concat(curr_email.split(";")); } var validation = false; for (var index = 0; index < final_emails.length; index++) { var element = final_emails[index]; if (emailFriend.validateEmail(element)) { $('.msg.error-emailto').hide(); validation = true; } else { $('.msg.error-emailto').show(); validation = false; break; } } emailFriend.emailToValidation = validation; }); }, validateEmail: function (email) { var re = /^(([^<>()[\]\\.,;:\s@\"]+(\.[^<>()[\]\\.,;:\s@\"]+)*)|(\".+\"))@((\[[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\])|(([a-zA-Z\-0-9]+\.)+[a-zA-Z]{2,}))$/; return re.test(email.replace(/\s+$/, '')); }, emailFrom: function () { $('#email_from').on('change', function () { var emailfrom = $(this).val(); var emails = emailfrom.split(","); var final_emails = []; for (var ind = 0; ind < emails.length; ind++) { var curr_email = emails[ind]; final_emails = final_emails.concat(curr_email.split(";")); } var validation = false; for (var index = 0; index < final_emails.length; index++) { var element = final_emails[index]; if (emailFriend.validateEmail(element)) { $('.msg.error-emailfrom').hide(); validation = true; } else { $('.msg.error-emailfrom').show(); validation = false; break; } } emailFriend.emailFromValidation = validation; }); }, emailFromName: function () { $('#email_from_name').on('change', function () { var emailfromname = $(this).val(); var re = /^[a-zA-Z. ]*$/; var validation = false; if (re.test(emailfromname)) { $('.msg.error-name').hide(); // $('.success.success-name').show(); validation = true; } else { // $('.msg.success-name').hide(); $('.error.error-name').show(); } emailFriend.emailFromNameValidation = validation; }); }, emailComment: function () { $('#email_comment').on('change', function () { var emailcomment = $(this).val(); var re = /^(\s|\S)*(\S)+(\s|\S)*$/; var validation = false; if (re.test(emailcomment)) { $('.msg.error-comment').hide(); validation = true; } else { $('.error.error-comment').show(); } emailFriend.emailCommentValidation = validation; }); }, resetForm: function () { $(document).keydown(function (e) { if (e.keyCode == 27) { $("#reset-friend-btn").trigger("click"); $('#email_friend .msg').hide(); $('[data-loading-start]').parent().find('[data-loading-end]').addClass('hide'); $('[data-loading-start]').addClass('show'); grecaptcha.reset(); e.preventDefault(); } }); $("#close-friend-btn, #email-to-friend-icon").click(function () { $("#reset-friend-btn").trigger("click"); $('#email_friend .msg').hide(); $('[data-loading-start]').parent().find('[data-loading-end]').addClass('hide'); $('[data-loading-start]').addClass('show'); grecaptcha.reset(); }); } }; $(function () { emailFriend.init(); }); </script> <div class="mobile-share "> <a class="btn-share-mobile"> <span class="share-link"> <i class="fa fa-share" aria-hidden="true"></i>Share </span> <span class="close-share">X</span> </a> </div> <ul class="side-share-component "> <li class="social-share-list">SHARE</li> <li class="social-share-list"> <a id="fb" title="Facebook" rel="noopener" class="share-link-list-tem" href="https://www.facebook.com/dialog/feed?app_id=144523968384&link=https://cen.acs.org/materials/Chemistry-Pictures-Colorful-plasma/102/web/2024/07&name=Chemistry%20in%20Pictures:%20Colorful%20plasma%20&redirect_uri=http://cen.acs.org" target="_blank"> <i class="fa fa-facebook fa-3x social-fb"></i> <span class="mobile-share-text">Share on Facebook</span> </a> </li> <li class="social-share-list"> <a id="tw" title="X" rel="noopener" target="_blank" class="share-link-list-tem" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?original_referer=https://cen.acs.org/materials/Chemistry-Pictures-Colorful-plasma/102/web/2024/07&source=webclient&text=Chemistry%20in%20Pictures:%20Colorful%20plasma%20&url=https://cen.acs.org/materials/Chemistry-Pictures-Colorful-plasma/102/web/2024/07&via=cenmag"> <i class="fa fa-twitter fa-3x social-tw"></i> <span class="mobile-share-text">Share on X</span> </a> </li> <li class="social-share-list"> <a id="ln" title="Linkedin" rel="noopener" class="share-link-list-tem" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://cen.acs.org/materials/Chemistry-Pictures-Colorful-plasma/102/web/2024/07&title=Chemistry%20in%20Pictures:%20Colorful%20plasma%20&summary=&source=http%3A//cen.acs.org" target="_blank"> <i class="fa fa-linkedin fa-3x social-li"></i> <span class="mobile-share-text">Share on Linkedin</span> </a> </li> <li class="social-share-list"> <a id="rd" title="Reddit" class="share-link-list-tem" href="//www.reddit.com/submit" onclick="window.location = '//www.reddit.com/submit?url=' + encodeURIComponent(window.location); return false"> <i class="fa fa-reddit fa-3x social-re"></i> <span class="mobile-share-text">Share on Reddit</span> </a> </li> <li class="social-share-list a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 a2a_default_style"> <a rel="noopener" id="we" class="a2a_button_wechat share-link-list-tem" target="_blank" title="WeChat" href="#"> <i class="fa fa-weixin fa-3x social-em" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="mobile-share-text">WeChat</span> </a> </li> <li class="social-share-list"> <a id="email-to-friend-icon" title="Email" class="share-link-list-tem" data-open="email-to-friend-model"> <i class="fa fa-envelope fa-3x social-em"></i> <span class="mobile-share-text">Email</span> </a> </li> <li class="social-share-list"> <a id="pr" title="Print" class="share-link-list-tem" href="javascript:window.print()"> <i class="fa fa-print fa-3x social-em"></i> <span class="mobile-share-text">Print</span> </a> </li> </ul> <script language="javascript"> function emailCurrentPage() { window.location.href = "mailto:?subject=" + document.title + "&body=" + escape(window.location.href); } </script>  <div id="email-to-friend-model" class=" reveal" data-reveal="resize"> <div class="article-email-to-friend"> <div class="email-instructions">To send an e-mail to multiple recipients, separate e-mail addresses with a comma, semicolon, or both.</div> <div class="email-info"> <div class="email-title">Title: Chemistry in Pictures: Colorful plasma </div> <div class="author-title">Author: <span class="author-desc"></span> </div> </div> <form class="email-form" name="email_article_form" id="email_friend" novalidate> <input id="articlePath" name="articlePath" type="hidden" value=""/> <input id="published_date" name="published_date" type="hidden" value="July 10, 2024"/> <input id="article_title" name="article_title" type="hidden" value="Chemistry in Pictures: Colorful plasma "/> <input id="volume_number" type="hidden"/> <input id="issue_number" type="hidden"/> <input id="volIssuePath" type="hidden" value="/content/cen/magazine"/> <label class="email-form-title email-form-title-first"> <span class="required">*</span>Send Email To:</label> <input class="email-text" name="email_to" id="email_to" value="" type="email" placeholder="Email To"/> <span class="msg error-emailto error">Enter the valid email address.</span>  <label class="email-form-title"> <span class="required">*</span>Add Comment To Email:</label> <textarea class="email-textarea" id="email_comment" name="email_comment" placeholder="Comment"></textarea> <span class="msg error error-comment">Enter the comment.</span>  <label class="email-form-title"> <span class="required">*</span>Your Name:</label> <input class="email-text" name="email_from_name" id="email_from_name" value="" type="text" placeholder="Name"/> <span class="msg error error-name">Enter the valid name</span>  <label class="email-form-title"> <span class="required">*</span>Your Email Address:</label> <input class="email-text" name="email_from" id="email_from" value="" type="email" placeholder="Email"/> <span class="msg error error-emailfrom">Enter the valid email address.</span>  <div class="g-recaptcha" data-sitekey="6LfYCj4UAAAAABZV31I11EJZes7esrxqCbBs4ZFO" data-callback="enableBtn"></div> <div class="submit-form"> <button type="submit" class="submit-button" disabled id="submit-friend-btn" data-loading-start> Submit </button> <button type="button" class="primary button hide" data-loading-end> <i class='fa fa-refresh fa-spin'></i> Sending... </button> <button type="reset" hidden id="reset-friend-btn">reset</button> </div> </form> <div class="email-disclaimer">Chemical & Engineering News will not share your email address with any other person or company.</div> </div> <button class="close-button" type="button" data-close="" id="close-friend-btn">×</button> </div> <script src='https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js'></script> <div class="small reveal" id="thank-you-email-modal" data-reveal="resize"> <p class="thankyou-head">Article:</p> <p class="thankyou-link"> <a class="share-link-thanks" href="" id="article-heading-confirm"></a> </p> <p class="thankyou-article-body">This article has been sent to the following recipient:</p> <p class="thankyou-article-body" id="sent-email"></p> <button class="close-button" data-close aria-label="Close modal" type="button"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </div> <script> function enableBtn() { document.getElementById("submit-friend-btn").disabled = false; } </script></div> </div> </section> <section> <div class="comments"> <div> <div id="comments" class="bottomMargin"> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x"> <div class="large-9 medium-12 small-12 cell"> <div id="comments-join" class="js-comment-form"> <div class="heading"> <h3 class="comment-heading">Join the conversation</h3> </div> <div id="comments-comment_form" class="topMargin"> <p> <a href="mailto:contentpartnerships@acs.org?subject=Contact the reporter : Chemistry in Pictures: Colorful plasma &body=https://cen.acs.org/materials/Chemistry-Pictures-Colorful-plasma/102/web/2024/07"> <i class="fa fa-envelope social-link-icon"></i> Contact the reporter </a> </p> <p> <a href="https://cen.acs.org/static/about/contactus.html"> <i class="fa fa-pencil social-link-icon"></i> Submit a Letter to the Editor for publication </a> </p> <p> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?original_referer=https://cen.acs.org/materials/Chemistry-Pictures-Colorful-plasma/102/web/2024/07&source=webclient&text=Chemistry+in+Pictures%3A+Colorful+plasma+&url=https://cen.acs.org/materials/Chemistry-Pictures-Colorful-plasma/102/web/2024/07&via=cenmag"> <i class="fa fa-twitter social-link-icon"></i> Engage with us on Twitter </a> </p> </div> <div class="clear"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></section>  <div class="xfpage page basicpage"> <div class="xf-content-height"> <div class="root responsivegrid"> <div class="aem-Grid aem-Grid--12 aem-Grid--default--12 "> <div class="meteredBar aem-GridColumn aem-GridColumn--default--12"> <div class="meteredbar-outer-container grid-x meteredbar-mustard " id="cen-main-metered-bar"> <div class="cell meteredbar-container"> <div class="metered-article-text"> <div class="metered-flex"> <span class="metered-read">0</span> <span class="metered-total">/1</span> <span class="hide-for-small-only hide-for-medium-only metered-desc-text">FREE ARTICLES LEFT THIS MONTH</span> <span class="hide-for-large metered-desc-text">Remaining</span> </div> </div> <div class="metered-text hide-for-small-only hide-for-medium-only"> Chemistry matters. Join us to get the news you need. </div> <div class="metered-cta hide-for-small-only hide-for-medium-only"> <a class="mustard-btn-cta-meter" id="show-two-options-cta">GET MORE</a> </div> <div class="metered-cta hide-for-large"> <a class="mustard-btn-cta-meter" id="show-two-options-cta-mobile">GET MORE</a> </div> <div class="cell meteredbar-arrow-container metered-inline"> <div class="metered-arrow" id="resize-meter-bar"> <i class="cen-icon right-arrow metered-contract" aria-hidden="true"></i> <i class="cen-icon left-arrow metered-expand " aria-hidden="true"></i> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script> var meteredJson = '{"user_type":"anonymous","user_id":"A81D9C57-F2D4-477D-AB1F-98E7317564A7","article_count":0,"threshold":1,"acsType":"A"}'; localStorage.setItem("meteredUserStore", JSON.stringify(meteredJson)); </script> <script> if (window.frameElement) { window.showloginpopup = function(type) { window.parent.showloginpopup(type); } } </script></div> <div class="optionsModal aem-GridColumn aem-GridColumn--default--12"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-option-dialog two-option-impression reveal large" id="2option-modal" data-options="closeOnEsc:true;" data-close-on-click="false" data-close-on-esc="true" data-reveal> <div class="modal-option"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="top-section-modal show-tablet-down"> <button type="button" id="back-two-options-meter" class="back-btn"><span><i class="cen-icon left-arrow"></i></span> <span class="btn-text"> Back</span> </button> <button class="close-button cta-two-options" data-close aria-label="Close modal" type="button"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </div> <button class="close-button cta-two-options" data-close aria-label="Close modal" type="button"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> <div class="modal-top-hr show-for-small-only"></div> <div class="modal-header"> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="modal-body-header grid-x"> <div class="medium-12 cell"> <h2 class="modal-heading-top">The power is now in your (nitrile gloved) hands</h2> <h4 class="modal-heading-signup">Sign up for a free account to get more articles. Or choose the ACS option that’s right for you.</h4> <p class="modal-heading-text">Already have an ACS ID? <a class="modal-login-btn cta-two-options" onclick="$('.reveal').foundation('close');showloginpopup(true);return false;">Log in</a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="grid-x modal-body-body grid-padding-x"> <div class="large-6 medium-12 small-12 cell option-1"> <h5 class="modal-body-h5">Option 1</h5> <div class="box"> <h4 class="modal-h4"> <strong>Create a free account</strong> <br/>To read 6 articles each month from <img src="/content/dam/acs-cen-redesign/logo/CENNameplate.red.png"/> </h4> <h3 class="modal-h3"> <span> <strong></strong> </span> </h3> <button type="button" class="modal-btn-create-acc cta-two-options" id="2option-create-account-cta">CREATE ACCOUNT</button> </div> </div> <div class="large-6 medium-12 small-12 cell option-2"> <h5 class="modal-body-h5">Option 2</h5> <div class="box-2 box"> <h2 class="modal-h2">BEST VALUE</h2> <div class="box-wrap"> <h4 class="modal-h4"> <strong>Join ACS</strong> <br/>To get even more access to <img src="/content/dam/acs-cen-redesign/logo/CENNameplate.red.png"/> </h4> <button type="button" class="modal-btn-create-acc cta-two-options" id="2option-membership-categories-cta">SEE MY OPTIONS</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script> /** Fix code for footerbar above leaderboad Ad alignment issue.*/ googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRenderEnded', function(event) { if (event.slot.getSlotElementId() == 'div-gpt-ad-6603120-8') { if(event.size[0]== '728' && event.size[1]== '90'){ $('#div-gpt-ad-6603120-8').parent().removeClass("pull-left"); } } }); }); </script> <script> //WeChat Script var addToAny_script = document.createElement('script'); addToAny_script.setAttribute("type","text/javascript"); addToAny_script.defer = true; addToAny_script.setAttribute('src','//static.addtoany.com/menu/page.js'); document.body.appendChild(addToAny_script); </script>  <script> $(document).ready(function () { var oldOrNew = ''; if(oldOrNew) { $(".bespokeText").find(".articleBox").map(function() { $(this).removeClass("section"); $(this).find(".summary-box").map(function() { // $(this).removeClass("pull-right"); $(this).addClass("pull-summarybox-right-old"); }); }); $(".bespokeText").find(".genericAds").map(function() { $(this).removeClass("section"); $(this).find(".article-small-ads").map(function() { // $(this).removeClass("pull-left"); $(this).addClass("pull-smallads-old"); }); }); $(".bespokeText").find(".sponsoredContent").map(function() { $(this).removeClass("section"); $(this).find(".pull-left").map(function() { // $(this).removeClass("pull-left"); $(this).addClass("pull-sponsored-old"); }); }); $(".bespokeText").find(".image").map(function() { // $(this).removeClass("section"); $(this).find(".pull-left").map(function() { // $(this).removeClass("pull-left"); $(this).addClass("pull-left-image-old"); }); $(this).find(".image-component-full").map(function() { $(this).removeClass("pull-right"); // $(this).addClass("pull-left-image-old"); }); }); $(".bespokeText").find(".cover_multipart-story").map(function() { // $(this).removeClass("section"); $(this).find(".pull-left").map(function() { // $(this).removeClass("pull-left"); $(this).addClass("pull-cover-left-old"); }); }); $(".bespokeText").find(".text-first-letter").map(function() { $(this).removeClass("text-first-letter"); $(this).addClass("text-first-letter-old"); }); } // workaround solution to disable trustedproxy broken link $('.bespokeText a').each(function() { var originalHref = $(this).attr('href'); // Get the original href attribute // Remove '/http://cgi.cen.acs.org/cgi-bin/cen/trustedproxy.cgi?redirect=' from href var modifiedHref = originalHref.replace('http://cgi.cen.acs.org/cgi-bin/cen/trustedproxy.cgi?redirect=', ''); // Remove '/http://cgi.cen.acs.org/cgi-bin/cen/trustedproxy.cgi?redirect=' from href $(this).attr('href', modifiedHref); // Set the modified href attribute }); }) </script> </div> </div> </div> <div class="experiencefragment aem-GridColumn aem-GridColumn--default--12"> <div class="xf-content-height"> <div class="root responsivegrid"> <div class="aem-Grid aem-Grid--12 aem-Grid--default--12 "> <div class="footer aem-GridColumn aem-GridColumn--default--12"> <script> $(document).ready(function () { $.dfp({ dfpID: '8868', sizeMapping: { 'my-size-mapping': [ { browser: [730, 0], ad_sizes: [[728, 90], [970, 90]] }, { browser: [0, 0], ad_sizes: [320, 50]} ] } }); if (document.documentElement.clientWidth <= 768){ $('#boxAD').removeClass('pull-left'); $('#boxAD').removeClass('pull-right'); $('#boxAD').attr('align', 'center'); $('#vRectAD').removeClass('pull-left'); $('#vRectAD').removeClass('pull-right'); $('#vRectAD').attr('align', 'center'); } }) </script> <footer> <div class="footer-box"> <div class="footer-box-container"> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x"> <div class="small-12 medium-12 large-3 cell"> <a class="cen-logo-link" href="/"><img src="/content/dam/acs-cen-redesign/logo/cen-logo.png" class="cen-logo" alt="ACS"/></a> </div>  <div class="small-12 medium-4 large-3 cell"> <div class="footer-menu"> <h4 class="footer-title">ABOUT</h4><ul class="vertical menu"> <li class="verticle-menu-item"><a href="https://cen.acs.org/static/about/aboutus.html" class="menu-list">About us</a></li> <li class="verticle-menu-item"><a href="https://acsmediakit.org/" class="menu-list">Advertise</a></li> <li class="verticle-menu-item"><a href="https://cen.acs.org/static/about/contactus.html" class="menu-list">Contact C&EN</a></li> </ul> </div> </div>  <div class="small-12 medium-4 large-3 cell"> <div class="footer-menu"> <h4 class="footer-title">Follow US</h4><ul class="social-link-footer"> <li class="social-list"> <div style="width:200px"> <ul class="social-link-footer"> <li class="social-list"> <a rel="noopener" class="social-list-link" href="https://www.facebook.com/CENews" target="_blank" title="Facebook"> <i class="fa fa-facebook social-link-icon"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="social-link-footer"> <li class="social-list"> <a rel="noopener" class="social-list-link" href="https://www.instagram.com/cenmag/" target="_blank" title="Instagram"> <i class="fa fa-instagram social-link-icon"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="social-link-footer"> <li class="social-list"> <a rel="noopener" class="social-list-link" href="https://twitter.com/cenmag" target="_blank" title="X"> <i class="fa fa-twitter social-link-icon"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="social-link-footer"> <li class="social-list"> <a rel="noopener" class="social-list-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/c&en/" target="_blank" title="LinkedIn"> <i class="fa fa-linkedin social-link-icon"></i> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </li></ul> </div> </div>  <div class="small-12 medium-4 large-3 cell"> <div class="footer-menu"> <h4 class="footer-title"><a href="https://www.acs.org/"><img alt="ACS Chemistry for life" src="/content/dam/acs-cen-redesign/logo/acs.png" class="acs-logo" title="ACS: Chemistry for Life(®)"/></a> </h4> <ul class="vertical menu"> <li class="verticle-menu-item"> <a class="menu-list" href="https://cen.acs.org/join-us.html">Join ACS</a> </li> <li class="verticle-menu-item"> <a class="menu-list" href="https://membership.renew.acs.org/membership/renewal/index/">Renew Membership</a> </li> <li class="verticle-menu-item"> <a class="menu-list" href="https://communities.acs.org/">ACS Network</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x sign-up"> <script src="https://img.en25.com/i/livevalidation_standalone.compressed.js" type="text/javascript"> </script> <div class="large-4 medium-12 small-12 cell text-center text-wrapper"> <p class="signup-text">Sign up for C&EN's must-read weekly newsletter</p> </div> <div class="large-6 medium-10 medium-offset-1 small-12 cell input-wrapper"> <div id="form_output"></div>   <form method="post" name="CENNonMemberSubscriptonWidget2023" onsubmit="setTimeout(function(){if(document.querySelector){var s=document.querySelector('form#form725 input[type=submit]');if(s){s.disabled=true;}}},100);return true;" id="form725" class="elq-form ng-pristine ng-valid search-box"> <div class="input-group"> <input id="elqFormName" value="CENNonMemberSubscriptonWidget2023" type="hidden" name="elqFormName"/> <input id="elqSiteId" value="341921710" type="hidden" name="elqSiteId"/> <input id="elqCampaignId" name="elqCampaignId" type="hidden"/> <input type="hidden" name="hiddenField" id="fe17219" value="hp"/> <input type="hidden" name="hiddenField2" id="fe17220" value="Footer"/> <label for="fe13257" class="label-position top" style="display:none;">Email Address<span class="required">*</span></label> <input type="email" id="fe13257" name="emailAddress" value="" syntax="EmailAddress" placeholder="Email Address" required="yes" class="input-group-field fe13257" style="padding-left:10px;"/> <button class="next input-group-button button" value="Submit" onclick="submit">Subscribe »</button> <span class="checkbox-span field-size-top-medium"> <span> <label class="checkbox-label checkbox-label-homepage newsLetterText"> <small class="checkbox-label-white" style="font-size:70%;">By clicking "Subscribe" you agree to receive C&EN's newsletter and provide permission for American Chemical Society (ACS Publications and C&EN) to email you in accordance with the <a href="https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/privacy.html" target="_new">ACS Privacy Policy</a>.</small> </label> </span> </span> </div> </form> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function () { $('#form725').on('submit', function(e) { e.preventDefault(); var elk = '341921710'; var elkFormName = $('#form725 #elqFormName').val(); var elkSiteID = $('#form725 #elqSiteId').val(); var elkCompainID = $('#form725 #elqCampaignId').val(); var src = $('#form725 #fe17220').val(); var hp = $('#form725 #fe17219').val(); var emailAddress = $('#form725 #fe13257').val(); if(elkFormName!='CENNonMemberSubscriptonWidget2023' || elkSiteID!="341921710" || elkCompainID!="" || src!='Footer' || hp!="hp"){ } else { $('#form725').attr('action','https://s'.concat(elk,'.t.eloqua.com/e/f2')); var elkpth = $('#form725').attr('action'); $.ajax({ url : elkpth || window.location.pathname, type: "GET", async: false, data: $(this).serialize(), success: function (data) { $("#form_output").html("<div class='thank-you'>Thank you for subscribing to the C&EN Weekly Newsletter!</div>"); document.getElementById("form725").reset(); }, error: function (jXHR, textStatus, errorThrown) { alert("This field is required"); } }); } }); }); </script> </div> <script> window.onpageshow = function (event) { if (event.persisted) { location.reload(); } }; </script> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-strip"> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x"> <div class="large-7 medium-12 small-12 cell"> <p class="copyright"> Copyright © 2024 American Chemical Society. All Rights Reserved.</p> </div> <div class="large-5 medium-12 small-12 cell"> <ul class="menu-footer"> <li class="menu-footer-list"><a class="footer-list-item" href="/static/about/help.html">Help</a></li> <li class="menu-footer-list"><a class="footer-list-item" href="https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/privacy.html">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li class="menu-footer-list"><a class="footer-list-item" href="https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/terms.html">Terms of Use</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Chemistry in Pictures: Colorful plasma