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He worked for many years in collaboration with [[Merchant Ivory Productions]] which included film director (and Merchant's longtime professional and domestic partner) [[James Ivory]] as well as screenwriter [[Ruth Prawer Jhabvala]]. Together they made acclaimed film adaptations from the novels of [[E.M. Forster]] and [[Henry James]]. Merchant received the [[BAFTA Award for Best Film]] for ''[[A Room with a View (1985 film)|A Room with a View]]'' (1985), and ''[[Howards End (film)|Howards End]]'' (1992). He received [[Academy Award]] nominations for [[Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film|Best Live Action Short Film]] for ''The Creation of a Woman'' (1959) and for [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] for ''A Room with a View'' (1985), ''Howards End'' (1992), and ''[[The Remains of the Day (film)|The Remains of the Day]]'' (1993). == Early life and education == Born in [[Bombay]] ([[Mumbai]]) to a [[Memon people|Memon]] family, Merchant was son of Hazra ([[née]] Memon) and Noor Mohamed Rehman, a Bombay textile dealer.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmreference.com/film/73/Ismail-Merchant.html |title=Ismail Merchant Biography (1936-) |website=Filmreference.com |access-date=2016-06-05}}</ref> He grew up trilingual in [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Memoni language|Memoni]] and [[Urdu language|Urdu]], and learned [[Arabic language|Arabic]] and English at school. When he was 11, he and his family were caught up in the 1947 partition of [[India]]. His father was the President of the Muslim League and refused to move to [[Pakistan]]. Merchant later said that he carried memories of "butchery and riots" into adulthood.<ref name="CC">cited in ''Cheek of the devil''</ref> As a child at the age of 9, Merchant delivered a speech about [[partition of India|partition]] at a political rally in front of a crowd of 10,000. At age 13, he developed a close friendship with actress [[Nimmi]], who introduced him to studios in Bombay (the center of [[Hindi film industry]]). It was she who inspired his ambitious rise to stardom.<ref name="Hirahara 2003 135">{{cite book|last=Hirahara|first=Naomi|title=Distinguished Asian American business leaders|year=2003|publisher=Greenwood Press|location=Westport, Conn. [u.a.]|isbn=1573563447|page=135|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fN7_zps2kQUC&q=ismail%20merchant%2C%20memon&pg=PA135|edition=1. publ.|access-date=27 September 2013}}</ref> Merchant studied at [[St. Xavier's College, Mumbai]] and received BA degree of University of Bombay. It was here he developed a love for movies. When he was 22, he moved to USA to study at [[New York University]] where he received an MBA degree. While in New York, he gave up his family name of Abdul Rehman for Merchant.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.newsweek.com/ismail-merchant-1936-2005-120081|title=Ismail Merchant, 1936-2005|date=2005-06-05|work=Newsweek|access-date=2018-06-24|language=en}}</ref> He supported himself by working as a messenger for the UN in New York and used this opportunity to persuade Indian delegates to fund his film projects. Of this experience, he said, "I was not intimidated by anyone or anything."<ref name="CC" /> Immersed in a new world of art and culture, it was here that Merchant discovered the films of Bengali director [[Satyajit Ray]], as well as those of European artists such as [[Ingmar Bergman]], [[Vittorio De Sica]], and [[Federico Fellini]].<ref name="Hirahara 2003 135" /> In 1961, Merchant made a short film, ''The Creation of Woman''. It was shown at the [[Cannes Film Festival]] and received an Academy Award nomination.<ref name=":0" /> ==Merchant Ivory Productions== Merchant met American movie director [[James Ivory]] at a screening in New York of Ivory's documentary ''The Sword and the Flute'' in 1959. In May 1961, Merchant and Ivory formed the film production company [[Merchant Ivory Productions]]. Merchant and Ivory were long-term life partners.<ref name="latimesobituary">{{cite news |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/844732341.html?dids=844732341:844732341&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=May+26%2C+2005&author=John+Horn&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&desc=Obituaries |title=Obituaries; Ismail Merchant, 68; Producer of Stylish, Popular Period Dramas |access-date=4 July 2008 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=26 May 2005 |first=John |last=Horn |archive-date=25 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725011950/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/844732341.html?dids=844732341:844732341&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=May+26%2C+2005&author=John+Horn&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&desc=Obituaries |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0580337/bio|title=Ismail Merchant : Biography|website=IMDb.com|access-date=2016-06-05}}</ref> Their professional and romantic partnership lasted 44 years, from 1961 until Merchant's death in 2005.<ref name="latimesobituary"/> They were both also involved with the gay composer [[Richard Robbins (composer)|Richard Robbins]], with whom they collaborated on several films.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2024/mar/12/merchant-ivory-oscar-shocking-truth-emma-thompson-anthony-hopkins-howards-end?utm_term=65f132d2ad0c3ab84ad7c7ec72861a17&utm_campaign=GuardianTodayUK&utm_source=esp&utm_medium=Email&CMP=GTUK_email |title= I got you an Oscar. Why do I need to pay you? |first= Ryan |last=Gilbey |date=12 March 2024 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> The [[Guinness Book of World Records]] says theirs was the longest partnership in independent cinema history.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4666855|title=Film Producer Ismail Merchant Dies|work=NPR.org|access-date=2018-06-24|language=en}}</ref> Until Merchant's death in 2005, they produced nearly 40 films, including a number of award winners. Novelist [[Ruth Prawer Jhabvala]] was the screenwriter for most of their productions. In 1963, MIP premiered its first production, ''[[The Householder (film)|The Householder]]'', based upon a novel by Jhabvala (who also wrote the screenplay). This feature became the first Indian-made film to be distributed internationally by a major American studio, [[Columbia Pictures]]. However, it wasn't until the 1970s that partnership "hit on a successful formula for studied, slow-moving pieces ... Merchant Ivory became known for their attention to tiny period detail and opulence of their sets".<ref>{{cite news|title=Obituary: Ismail Merchant|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1490737/Ismail-Merchant.html|access-date=17 February 2018|work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]|date=26 May 2005}}</ref> Their first success in this style was Jhabvala's [[The Europeans (1979 film)|adaptation]] of [[Henry James]]'s ''[[The Europeans]]''. In addition to producing, Merchant directed a number of films and two TV features. For TV, he directed a short feature entitled ''Mahatma and the Mad Boy'', and a full-length feature, ''The Courtesans of Bombay'', made for Britain's [[Channel 4|Channel Four]]. Merchant made his film directorial debut with 1993's ''In Custody'' based on a novel by [[Anita Desai]], and starring [[Bollywood]] actor [[Shashi Kapoor]]. Filmed in [[Bhopal]], India, it won National Awards from the Government of India for Best Production Design and Special Jury award for lead actor Shashi Kapoor. His second directing feature, ''The Proprietor'', starred [[Jeanne Moreau]], [[Sean Young]], [[Jean-Pierre Aumont]] and [[Christopher Cazenove]] and was filmed on location in Paris, France. Of his partnership with Ivory and Jhabvala, Merchant once commented: "It is a strange marriage we have at Merchant Ivory ... I am an Indian Muslim, Ruth is a German Jew, and Jim is a Protestant American. Someone once described us as a three-headed god. Maybe they should have called us a three-headed monster!"<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,60-1627804,00.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121213243/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,60-1627804,00.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=21 November 2008 | location=London | work=The Times | title=Ismail Merchant | date=26 May 2005}}</ref> ==Cooking and writing== Merchant was fond of cooking, and he wrote several books including ''Ismail Merchant's Indian Cuisine'', ''Ismail Merchant's Florence'', ''Ismail Merchant's Passionate Meals'',<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-7868-6015-9|title=Nonfiction Book Review:Ismail Merchant's Passionate Meals:The New Indian Cuisine for Fearless Cooks and Adventurous Eaters by Ismail Merchant, Author, Asmail Merchant, Author, Madhur Jaffrey, Adapted by Hyperion Books $27 (312p) ISBN 978-0-7868-6015-9|work=PublishersWeekly.com|access-date=2018-06-24|language=en}}</ref> and ''Ismail Merchant's Paris: Filming and Feasting in France''. He also wrote books on filmmaking, including a book about the making of the film ''The Deceivers'' in 1988 titled ''Hullabaloo in Old Jeypur'', and another about the making of ''The Proprietor'' called ''Once Upon a Time ... The Proprietor''. His last book was entitled ''My Passage from India: A Filmmaker's Journey from Bombay to Hollywood and Beyond''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.merchantivory.com/news-ismailbook.html|title=Merchant Ivory: My Passage from India - A Filmaker's Journey from Bombay to Hollywood and Beyond|website=www.merchantivory.com|access-date=2018-06-24}}</ref> ==Death== Merchant died in [[Westminster]], England<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.findmypast.com/BirthsMarriagesDeaths.jsp |title= Births, Marriages and Deaths 1538 - 2006 |access-date=31 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831050858/http://www.findmypast.com/BirthsMarriagesDeaths.jsp |archive-date=31 August 2009 }}</ref> aged 68, following surgery for [[abdomen|abdominal]] [[peptic ulcer|ulcer]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://us.rediff.com/movies/2005/may/25ismail.htm |title=Ismail Merchant passes away at 68 |website=Us.rediff.com |date=2005-05-26 |access-date=2016-06-05}}</ref> He was buried in [[Bada Qabrastan Mumbai]] in [[Marine Lines]], [[Mumbai]], India on 28 May 2005, in keeping with his wish to be buried with his ancestors. ==Filmography== ===Producer=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" !scope="col" | Year !scope="col" | Title !scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes |- | 1960 || ''The Creation of Woman'' || Short |- | 1963 || ''[[The Householder]]'' || |- | 1965 || ''[[Shakespeare Wallah]]'' || |- | 1969 || ''[[The Guru (1969 film)|The Guru]]'' || |- | 1970 || ''[[Bombay Talkie]]'' || |- | 1972 || ''[[Adventures of a Brown Man in Search of Civilization]]'' || Television |- | 1973 || ''Helen: Queen of the Nautch Girls'' || Short |- | 1973 || ''[[Savages (1972 film)|Savages]]'' || |- | 1974 || ''Mahatma and the Mad Boy'' || Short, also director |- | 1975 || ''[[The Wild Party (1975)|The Wild Party]]'' || |- | 1975 || ''[[Autobiography of a Princess]]'' || |- | 1976 || ''Sweet Sounds'' || Short |- | 1977 || ''[[Roseland (film)|Roseland]]'' || |- | 1976 || ''[[Hullabaloo Over Georgie and Bonnie's Pictures]]'' || |- | 1979 || ''[[The Europeans (1979 film)|The Europeans]]'' || |- | 1980 || ''[[Jane Austen in Manhattan]]'' || |- | 1981 || ''[[Quartet (1981 film)|Quartet]]'' || |- | 1983 || ''[[Heat and Dust (film)|Heat and Dust]]'' || |- | 1983 || ''[[The Courtesans of Bombay]]'' || also director |- | 1984 || ''[[The Bostonians (film)|The Bostonians]]'' || |- | 1985 || ''[[A Room with a View (1985 film)|A Room with a View]]'' || |- | 1985 || ''[[Noon Wine]]'' || Television Film, [[PBS]]<br/> executive producer (not [[Merchant Ivory]]) |- | 1986 || ''[[My Little Girl]]'' || executive producer |- | 1987 || ''[[Maurice (1987 film)|Maurice]]'' || |- | 1988 || ''[[The Perfect Murder (1988 film)|The Perfect Murder]]'' || executive producer |- | 1988 || ''[[The Deceivers (film)|The Deceivers]]'' || |- | 1989 || ''[[Slaves of New York]]'' || |- | 1990 || ''[[Mr. & Mrs. Bridge]]'' || |- | 1990 || ''[[The Ballad of the Sad Café (film)|The Ballad of the Sad Café]]'' || |- | 1991 || ''Street Musicians of Bombay'' || executive producer |- | 1992 || ''[[Howards End (film)|Howards End]]'' || |- | 1993 || ''[[The Remains of the Day (film)|The Remains of the Day]]'' || |- | 1995 || ''[[Jefferson in Paris]]'' || |- | 1995 ||''[[Feast of July]]'' || executive producer |- | 1996 || ''[[Surviving Picasso]]'' || |- | 1998 || ''[[A Soldier's Daughter Never Cries (film)|A Soldier's Daughter Never Cries]]'' || |- | 1998 || ''[[Side Streets (1998 film)|Side Streets]]'' || executive producer |- | 2000 || ''[[Cotton Mary]]'' || |- | 2001 || ''[[The Golden Bowl (film)|The Golden Bowl]]'' || |- | 2002 || ''[[Merci Docteur Rey]]'' || |- | 2003 || ''[[Le Divorce]]'' || |- | 2004 || ''[[Heights (film)|Heights]]'' || |- | 2005 || ''[[The White Countess]]'' || Released posthumously |- |} ===Director=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" !scope="col" | Year !scope="col" | Title !scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes |- | 1974 || ''Mahatma and the Mad Boy'' || short |- | 1983 || ''[[The Courtesans of Bombay]]'' || docudrama |- | 1993 || ''[[In Custody (film)|In Custody]]'' || feature debut |- | 1995 || ''[[Lumière and Company]]'' || segment: Merchant Ivory, Paris<br/> Co-director with [[James Ivory]] |- | 1996 || ''[[The Proprietor]]'' || |- | 1999 || ''[[Cotton Mary]]'' || |- | 2001 ||''[[The Mystic Masseur]]'' || |- |} ===Actor=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" !scope="col" | Year !scope="col" | Title !scope="col" | Role !scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes |- | 1963 || ''[[The Householder (film)|The Householder]]'' || Minor Role || uncredited |- | 1965 ||''[[Shakespeare Wallah]]'' || Theater Owner || uncredited |- | 1969 || ''[[The Guru (1969 film)|The Guru]]'' || Master of Ceremonies || |- | 1970 || ''[[Bombay Talkie]]'' || Fate Machine Producer || |- | 1989 ||''[[Slaves of New York]]'' || Party Guest || uncredited |- | 1995 ||''[[Jefferson in Paris]]'' || Tipoo Sultan's Ambassador || final film role |- |} ==Awards and nominations== In 2002 he was awarded the [[Padma Bhushan]], the third-highest civilian award in the [[Republic of India]].<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |date=2015 |access-date=21 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 }}</ref> He was also a recipient of The International Center in New York's Award of Excellence. {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Year !Association !Category !Film !Result !class=unsortable|Ref. |- |[[33rd Academy Awards|1960]] | rowspan=4|[[Academy Awards]] | [[Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film|Best Live Action Short Film]] | ''The Creation of a Woman'' | {{nom}} | <ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1961|title= 33rd Academy Awards|website= Oscars.org|accessdate= May 25, 2024}}</ref> |- | [[59th Academy Awards|1985]] | rowspan="3"|[[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] | [[A Room with a View (1985 film)|''A Room with a View'']] | {{nom}} | <ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1986|title= 59th Academy Awards|website= Oscars.org|accessdate= May 25, 2024}}</ref> |- |[[65th Academy Awards|1992]] | [[Howards End (film)|''Howards End'']] | {{nom}} | <ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1993|title= 65th Academy Awards|website= Oscars.org|accessdate= May 25, 2024}}</ref> |- |[[66th Academy Awards|1993]] | [[The Remains of the Day (film)|''The Remains of the Day'']] | {{nom}} | <ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1994|title= 66th Academy Awards|website= Oscars.org|accessdate= May 25, 2024}}</ref> |- |[[37th British Academy Film Awards|1983]] |rowspan=4|[[British Academy Film Awards]] |rowspan="4"|[[BAFTA Award for Best Film|Best Film]] |''[[Heat and Dust (film)|Heat and Dust]]'' |{{nom}} | <ref>{{cite web|url= https://awards.bafta.org/award/1984/film|title= 37th BAFTA Awards|website= awards.bafta.org|accessdate= May 25, 2024}}</ref> |- | [[40th British Academy Film Awards|1985]] | [[A Room with a View (1985 film)|''A Room with a View'']] | {{won}} | <ref>{{cite web|url= https://awards.bafta.org/award/1986/film|title= 40th BAFTA Awards|website= awards.bafta.org|accessdate= May 25, 2024}}</ref> |- | [[46th British Academy Film Awards|1992]] | [[Howards End (film)|''Howards End'']] | {{won}} | <ref>{{cite web|url= https://awards.bafta.org/award/1993/film|title= 46th BAFTA Awards|website= awards.bafta.org|accessdate= May 25, 2024}}</ref> |- |[[47th British Academy Film Awards|1993]] | [[The Remains of the Day (film)|''The Remains of the Day'']] | {{nom}} | <ref>{{cite web|url= https://awards.bafta.org/award/1994/film|title= 47th BAFTA Awards|website= awards.bafta.org|accessdate= May 25, 2024}}</ref> |- | [[44th Golden Globe Awards|1985]] | rowspan=3|[[Golden Globe Awards]] |rowspan="3"|[[Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama|Best Motion Picture – Drama]] | [[A Room with a View (1985 film)|''A Room with a View'']] | {{nom}} | <ref>{{cite web|url= https://archive.org/details/the44thgoldenglobeawards1987convertvideoonline.com|title= The 44th Golden Globe Awards|website= Internet Archieve|accessdate= May 25, 2024}}</ref> |- | [[50th Golden Globe Awards|1992]] | [[Howards End (film)|''Howards End'']] | {{nom}} | <ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-12-30-ca-2649-story.html|title= 'Men' Reaches Out for a Few Good Globes : Awards: Film garners five Golden Globe nominations in key categories; 'Aladdin' also gets five with four of those for its song score.|website= Los Angeles Times|date= 30 December 1992|accessdate= May 25, 2024}}</ref> |- |[[51st Golden Globe Awards|1993]] | [[The Remains of the Day (film)|''The Remains of the Day'']] | {{nom}} | <ref>{{cite web|url= https://variety.com/1993/tv/news/golden-globe-nominations-116901/|title= Golden Globe nominations|website= Variety|date= 23 December 1993|accessdate= May 25, 2024}}</ref> |- | [[4th Golden Laurel Awards|1992]] |rowspan=2|[[Producers Guild of America Award]] |rowspan="2"|[[Producers Guild of America Award for Best Theatrical Motion Picture|Best Theatrical Motion Picture]] | [[Howards End (film)|''Howards End'']] | {{nom}} | rowspan=2|<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0580337/awards/?ref_=nm_awd|title= Ismail Merchant - Awards|website= IMDB|accessdate= May 25, 2024}}</ref> |- |[[5th Golden Laurel Awards|1993]] | [[The Remains of the Day (film)|''The Remains of the Day'']] | {{nom}} |- |} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Further reading== *"Cheek of the devil, charm of an angel: Ismail Merchant, Producer, 1936–2005" (Obituary reprinted from ''Telegraph, London''), in ''The Sydney Morning Herald'', 2005-05-30, p.&nbsp;41 ==External links== {{Wikiquote}} * {{IMDb name|0580337|Ismail Merchant}} * {{Screenonline name|id=532192|name=Ismail Merchant}} * [http://www.merchantivory.com/ismail.html Biography from Merchant-Ivory Productions] * [http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/features/20050529-9999-1a29merchant.html Merchant was the driving force behind a slew of creative movies] * [http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20050526/PEOPLE/50526001 Ismail Merchant: In Memory] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716191643/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20050526%2FPEOPLE%2F50526001 |date=16 July 2012 }} {{Navboxes |title = Awards for Ismail Merchant |list = {{BAFTA Best Film recipients}} {{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2000–09}} }} {{Merchant Ivory Productions}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Merchant, Ismail}} [[Category:1936 births]] [[Category:2005 deaths]] [[Category:St. Xavier's College, Mumbai alumni]] [[Category:Deaths from ulcers]] [[Category:Film producers from Mumbai]] 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