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<span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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audio</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%A9" title="نظام صوتي لمركبة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نظام صوتي لمركبة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car_audio" title="Car audio – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Car audio" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilstereo" title="Bilstereo – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bilstereo" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car-HiFi" title="Car-HiFi – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Car-HiFi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_para_autom%C3%B3vil" title="Audio para automóvil – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Audio para automóvil" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto-irrati" title="Auto-irrati – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Auto-irrati" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%BE%D8%AE%D8%B4_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88" title="دستگاه پخش خودرو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دستگاه پخش خودرو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B0%A8%EB%9F%89_%EC%98%A4%EB%94%94%EC%98%A4" title="차량 오디오 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="차량 오디오" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B" title="वाहन रेडियो – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वाहन रेडियो" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%AA" title="カーオーディオ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カーオーディオ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car-audio" title="Car-audio – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Car-audio" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Som_automotivo" title="Som automotivo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Som automotivo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car_stereo" title="Car stereo – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Car stereo" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilstereo" title="Bilstereo – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bilstereo" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Автомобільний звук – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Автомобільний звук" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Car_audio&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Car audio">Car audio</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Entertainment electronics in cars</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Car radio" redirects here. For the Twenty One Pilots song, see <a href="/wiki/Car_Radio_(song)" title="Car Radio (song)">Car Radio (song)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Autoradio_panasonic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Autoradio_panasonic.jpg/220px-Autoradio_panasonic.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Autoradio_panasonic.jpg/330px-Autoradio_panasonic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Autoradio_panasonic.jpg/440px-Autoradio_panasonic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/ISO_7736" title="ISO 7736">DIN</a> <a href="/wiki/Automotive_head_unit" title="Automotive head unit">head unit</a> with radio and CD</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Vehicle audio</b> is equipment installed in a <a href="/wiki/Car" title="Car">car</a> or other vehicle to provide <a href="/wiki/In-car_entertainment" title="In-car entertainment">in-car entertainment</a> and information for the occupants. Until the 1950s, it consisted of a simple <a href="/wiki/AM_radio" class="mw-redirect" title="AM radio">AM radio</a>. Additions since then have included <a href="/wiki/FM_radio" class="mw-redirect" title="FM radio">FM radio</a> (1952), <a href="/wiki/8-track_tape" class="mw-redirect" title="8-track tape">8-track tape</a> players, <a href="/wiki/Cassette_tape" title="Cassette tape">cassette</a> players, record players, <a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">CD</a> players, <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a> players, <a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a> players, navigation systems, <a href="/wiki/Bluetooth" title="Bluetooth">Bluetooth</a> telephone integration and audio <a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">streaming</a>, and smartphone controllers like <a href="/wiki/CarPlay" title="CarPlay">CarPlay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Android_Auto" title="Android Auto">Android Auto</a>. Once controlled from the dashboard with a few buttons, they can be controlled by <a href="/wiki/Steering_wheel#Buttons_and_controls_on_the_steering_wheel" title="Steering wheel">steering wheel controls</a> and <a href="/wiki/Speech_recognition" title="Speech recognition">voice commands</a>. </p><p>Initially implemented for listening to music and radio, vehicle audio is now part of car <a href="/wiki/Telematics" title="Telematics">telematics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telecommunications" title="Telecommunications">telecommunications</a>, in-vehicle security, <a href="/wiki/Handsfree" title="Handsfree">handsfree</a> calling, <a href="/wiki/Automotive_navigation_system" title="Automotive navigation system">navigation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Remote_diagnostics" title="Remote diagnostics">remote diagnostics systems</a>. The same loudspeakers may also be used to minimize road and engine noise with <a href="/wiki/Active_noise_control" title="Active noise control">active noise control</a>, or they may be used to augment engine sounds, for example, making a small engine sound bigger. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle_audio&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio">Radio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle_audio&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Radio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Een_Philips_Autoradio_veraangenaamt_den_rit_en_houdt_den_geest_frisch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Een_Philips_Autoradio_veraangenaamt_den_rit_en_houdt_den_geest_frisch.jpg/170px-Een_Philips_Autoradio_veraangenaamt_den_rit_en_houdt_den_geest_frisch.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="346" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Een_Philips_Autoradio_veraangenaamt_den_rit_en_houdt_den_geest_frisch.jpg/255px-Een_Philips_Autoradio_veraangenaamt_den_rit_en_houdt_den_geest_frisch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Een_Philips_Autoradio_veraangenaamt_den_rit_en_houdt_den_geest_frisch.jpg/340px-Een_Philips_Autoradio_veraangenaamt_den_rit_en_houdt_den_geest_frisch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="2444" /></a><figcaption>1937 Philips Auto Radio. Weighing 24 kg and taking 8 litres of space, it was floor mounted with a wired remote control to be fitted to the dashboard.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1904, before commercially viable technology for mobile radio was in place, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> <a href="/wiki/Inventor" class="mw-redirect" title="Inventor">inventor</a> and self-described "Father of Radio" <a href="/wiki/Lee_de_Forest" title="Lee de Forest">Lee de Forest</a> demonstrated a car radio at the 1904 <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase_Exposition" title="Louisiana Purchase Exposition">Louisiana Purchase Exposition</a> in <a href="/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis, Missouri">St. Louis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Around 1920, <a href="/wiki/Vacuum_tube" title="Vacuum tube">vacuum tube</a> technology had matured to the point where the availability of <a href="/wiki/Radio_receiver" title="Radio receiver">radio receivers</a> made radio broadcasting viable.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A technical challenge was that the vacuum tubes in the radio receivers required 50 to 250 <a href="/wiki/Voltage" title="Voltage">volt</a> <a href="/wiki/Direct_current" title="Direct current">direct current</a>, but car batteries ran at 6V. Voltage was stepped up with a <a href="/wiki/Vibrator_(electronic)" title="Vibrator (electronic)">vibrator</a> that provided a pulsating DC which could be converted to a higher voltage with a <a href="/wiki/Transformer" title="Transformer">transformer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rectifier" title="Rectifier">rectified</a>, and filtered to create higher-voltage DC. </p><p>In 1924, Kelly's Motors in NSW, Australia, installed its first car radio.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1930, the American <a href="/wiki/Galvin_Manufacturing_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Galvin Manufacturing Corporation">Galvin Manufacturing Corporation</a> marketed a <a href="/wiki/Motorola" title="Motorola">Motorola</a>-branded <a href="/wiki/Radio_receiver" title="Radio receiver">radio receiver</a> for $130.<sup id="cite_ref-caranddriver_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-caranddriver-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was expensive: the contemporary <a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_A_(1927%E2%80%9331)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford Model A (1927–31)">Ford Model A</a> cost $540. A Plymouth sedan, "wired for Philco Transitone radio without extra cost," was advertised in <i><a href="/wiki/Ladies%27_Home_Journal" title="Ladies' Home Journal">Ladies' Home Journal</a></i> in 1931. In 1932 in Germany the <a href="/wiki/Blaupunkt" title="Blaupunkt">Blaupunkt</a> AS 5 <a href="/wiki/Medium_wave" title="Medium wave">medium wave</a> and <a href="/wiki/Longwave" title="Longwave">longwave</a> radio was marketed for 465 Reichsmark, about one-third of the price of a small car. Because it took nearly 10 litres of space, it could not be located near the driver and was operated via a steering wheel remote control.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1933, <a href="/wiki/Crossley_Motors" title="Crossley Motors">Crossley Motors</a> offered a factory fitted car radio for £35.<sup id="cite_ref-guinness_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guinness-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the late 1930s, push button AM radios were considered a standard feature. In 1946, there were an estimated 9 million AM car radios in use.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An <a href="/wiki/Frequency_modulation" title="Frequency modulation">FM</a> receiver was offered by Blaupunkt in 1952. In 1953, Becker introduced the AM/FM Becker Mexico with a Variometer tuner, basically a station-search or scan function.<sup id="cite_ref-The_History_of_the_Car_Stereo_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_History_of_the_Car_Stereo-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 1955, the <a href="/wiki/Chrysler" title="Chrysler">Chrysler Corporation</a> announced that it was offering a <a href="/wiki/Mopar" title="Mopar">Mopar</a> model 914HR branded <a href="/wiki/Philco" title="Philco">Philco</a> all-transistor car radio,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as a $150 option for its 1956 Chrysler and Imperial car models. Chrysler Corporation had decided to discontinue its all-transistor car radio option at the end of 1956, due to it being too expensive, and replaced it with a cheaper hybrid (transistors and low voltage vacuum tubes) car radio for its new 1957 car models.<sup id="cite_ref-Hirsh_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hirsh-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1963, Becker introduced the Monte Carlo, a tubeless <a href="/wiki/Solid-state_electronics" title="Solid-state electronics">solid state</a> radio with no vacuum tubes.<sup id="cite_ref-The_History_of_the_Car_Stereo_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_History_of_the_Car_Stereo-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1974 to 2005, the <a href="/wiki/Autofahrer-Rundfunk-Informationssystem" title="Autofahrer-Rundfunk-Informationssystem">Autofahrer-Rundfunk-Informationssystem</a> was used by the German <a href="/wiki/ARD_(broadcaster)" title="ARD (broadcaster)">ARD</a> network.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Developed jointly by the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Institut_f%C3%BCr_Rundfunktechnik" title="Institut für Rundfunktechnik">Institut für Rundfunktechnik</a></i></span> and Blaupunkt,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it indicated the presence of traffic announcements through manipulation of the 57<span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/KHz" class="mw-redirect" title="KHz">kHz</a> <a href="/wiki/Subcarrier" title="Subcarrier">subcarrier</a> of the station's FM signal.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ARI was replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Radio_Data_System" title="Radio Data System">Radio Data System</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The AM/FM radio combined with a CD player has remained a mainstay of car audio, despite being obsolescent in non-car applications.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2010s, <a href="/wiki/Internet_radio" title="Internet radio">internet radio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satellite_radio_system" title="Satellite radio system">satellite radio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_streaming_service" title="Music streaming service">streaming</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Podcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Podcasting">podcasting</a> came into competition with AM/FM radio. By this time some models were offering <a href="/wiki/5.1_surround_sound" title="5.1 surround sound">5.1 surround sound</a>. </p><p>In 2023, several automobile manufacturers, including <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a>, announced plans to discontinue offering the AM radio band in new vehicles, starting with the 2024 model year. Ford later reversed its announcement, with chief executive officer <a href="/wiki/Jim_Farley_(businessman)" title="Jim Farley (businessman)">Jim Farley</a> citing the importance of AM's <a href="/wiki/Emergency_alert_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Emergency alert system">emergency alert system</a>. Audi, BMW, Volvo, and Tesla had already started to not offer the AM band on their entertainment systems, specifically on their electric vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The previous announcement had several lawmakers introduce bipartisan legislation to require that automobile manufactures include the AM band on their audio/entertainment systems.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physical_media_and_connectivity">Physical media and connectivity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle_audio&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Physical media and connectivity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mobile players for physical media have been provided for <a href="/wiki/Vinyl_record" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinyl record">vinyl records</a>, <a href="/wiki/8-track_tape" class="mw-redirect" title="8-track tape">8-track tapes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cassette_tape" title="Cassette tape">cassette tapes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">compact discs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">MP3s</a>. The increased sophistication of the vehicle audio system to accommodate such media has made the audio unit a common target of car break-ins, so these are equipped with <a href="/wiki/Anti-theft_system" title="Anti-theft system">anti-theft systems</a> too. </p><p>Attempts at providing mobile play from media were first made with vinyl records, beginning in the 1950s. The first such player was offered by Chrysler as an option on 1956 Chrysler, Desoto, Dodge, and Plymouth cars. The player was developed by <a href="/wiki/CBS_Labs" class="mw-redirect" title="CBS Labs">CBS Labs</a> and played a limited selection of specially provided 7-inch discs at 16⅔ <a href="/wiki/RPM" class="mw-redirect" title="RPM">RPM</a>. The unit was an expensive option and was dropped after two years. Cheaper options using commonly available <a href="/wiki/45_rpm_record" class="mw-redirect" title="45 rpm record">45 rpm records</a> were made by <a href="/wiki/RCA_Victor" class="mw-redirect" title="RCA Victor">RCA Victor</a> (available only in 1961) and <a href="/wiki/Norelco" class="mw-redirect" title="Norelco">Norelco</a>. All of these players required extra pressure on the <a href="/wiki/Gramophone_needle" class="mw-redirect" title="Gramophone needle">needle</a> to avoid skipping during vehicle movement, which caused accelerated wear on the records.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1962, Muntz introduced the Wayfarer 4-track cartridge tape player. Celebrities, including Frank Sinatra, had these units installed in their cars. </p><p>In 1965, <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a> and Motorola jointly introduced the in-car <a href="/wiki/8-track_tape" class="mw-redirect" title="8-track tape">8-track tape</a> player as optional equipment for 1966 Ford car models. In 1968, a dashboard car radio with a built-in <a href="/wiki/Cassette_tape" title="Cassette tape">cassette tape</a> player was introduced by Philips. In subsequent years, cassettes supplanted the 8-track and improved the technology, with longer play times, better tape quality, auto-reverse, and <a href="/wiki/Dolby_noise-reduction_system" title="Dolby noise-reduction system">Dolby noise reduction</a>. They were popular throughout the 1970s and 1980s. Cassette players were still found in vehicles as late as the 2005–06 <a href="/wiki/Honda_CR-V" title="Honda CR-V">Honda CR-V</a> and 2008 <a href="/wiki/Acura_TL" title="Acura TL">Acura TL</a>. There have also been vehicle audio units that accept both compact cassettes and CDs. </p><p>Pioneer introduced the CDX-1, the first car <a href="/wiki/CD" class="mw-redirect" title="CD">CD</a> (compact disc) player, in 1984. It was known for its improved sound quality, instant track skipping, and the format's increased durability over cassette tapes. Car CD changers started to gain popularity in the late 1980s and continued throughout the 1990s, with the earlier devices being trunk-mounted and later ones being mounted in the head unit, some able to accommodate six to ten CDs.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stock and aftermarket CD players began appearing in the late 1980s, competing with the cassette. The first car with an OEM CD player was the 1987 <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Town_Car" title="Lincoln Town Car">Lincoln Town Car</a>, and the last new cars in the American market to be factory-equipped with a cassette deck in the dashboard was the 2010 Lexus SC430,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Ford Crown Victoria.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A car cassette adapter allowed motorists to plug in a portable music player (CD player, MP3 player) into an existing installed cassette tape deck.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early 21st century, compact digital storage media – <a href="/wiki/Bluetooth" title="Bluetooth">Bluetooth</a>-enabled devices, <a href="/wiki/Thumb_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Thumb drive">thumb drives</a>, <a href="/wiki/Memory_cards" class="mw-redirect" title="Memory cards">memory cards</a>, and dedicated hard drives – came to be accommodated by vehicle audio systems. Around this time auxiliary input jacks and USB ports were added to connect <a href="/wiki/MP3_player" class="mw-redirect" title="MP3 player">MP3 players</a> to the vehicle's speakers. Minivans and three-row SUVs have an available rear entertainment system with a <a href="/wiki/DVD_player" title="DVD player">DVD player</a> to entertain passengers.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The automobile head unit became increasingly important as a housing for front and <a href="/wiki/Backup_camera" title="Backup camera">backup</a> <a href="/wiki/Dashcam" title="Dashcam">dashcams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Automotive_navigation_system" title="Automotive navigation system">navis</a>, and operating systems with multiple functions, such as <a href="/wiki/Android_Auto" title="Android Auto">Android Auto</a>, <a href="/wiki/CarPlay" title="CarPlay">CarPlay</a> and <a href="/wiki/MirrorLink" title="MirrorLink">MirrorLink</a>, allowing a smartphone's music library and navigation apps to be controlled via the <a href="/wiki/In-car_entertainment" title="In-car entertainment">vehicle's infotainment system</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Latest models are coming equipped with features like Bluetooth technology along with HDMI port for better connectivity. Screen size varies from 5-inch to 7-inch for the double Din car stereos.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Active_noise_control_and_noise_synthesis">Active noise control and noise synthesis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle_audio&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Active noise control and noise synthesis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The automobile sound system may be part of an <a href="/wiki/Active_noise_control" title="Active noise control">active noise control</a> system which reduces engine and road noise for the driver and passengers. One or more microphones are used to pick up sound from various places on the vehicle, especially the engine compartment, underside, or exhaust pipes, and these signals are handled by a <a href="/wiki/Digital_signal_processor" title="Digital signal processor">digital signal processor</a> (DSP) and then sent to the loudspeakers in such a way that the processed signal reduces or cancels out the outside noise heard inside the car. An early system focused only on engine noise was developed by <a href="/wiki/Lotus_Cars" title="Lotus Cars">Lotus</a> and licensed for the 1992 <a href="/wiki/Nissan_Bluebird" title="Nissan Bluebird">Nissan Bluebird</a> models sold in Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lotus later teamed with <a href="/wiki/Harman_International_Industries" class="mw-redirect" title="Harman International Industries">Harman</a> in 2009 to develop a more complete noise reduction system, including road and tire noise as well as chassis vibrations.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One benefit of active noise control is that the car can weigh less, with less sound-deadening material used, and without a heavy <a href="/wiki/Balance_shaft" title="Balance shaft">balance shaft</a> in the engine. Removing the balance shaft also increases fuel efficiency.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2013 Honda Accord used an active noise control system, as did the 2013 Lincoln luxury line and the Ford C-Max and Fusion models.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other operating data may also play a part in the DSP, data such as the engine's speed in revolutions per minute (RPM) or the car's highway speed. A multiple source reduction system may reach as much as 80% of the noise removed.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The same system may also be used to synthesize or augment engine noise to make the engine sound more powerful to the driver.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the 2015 <a href="/wiki/Ford_Mustang" title="Ford Mustang">Ford Mustang</a> EcoBoost Fastback and EcoBoost Fastback Premium, an "Active Noise Control" system was developed that amplifies the engine sound through the car speakers. A similar system is used in the <a href="/wiki/Ford_F-Series" title="Ford F-Series">F-150</a> <a href="/wiki/Pickup_truck" title="Pickup truck">pickup truck</a>. <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen" title="Volkswagen">Volkswagen</a> uses a <a href="/wiki/Soundaktor" title="Soundaktor">Soundaktor</a>, a special speaker to play sounds in cars such as the <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Golf" title="Volkswagen Golf">Golf</a> GTi and <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_New_Beetle" title="Volkswagen New Beetle">Beetle</a> Turbo. <a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a> plays a recorded sample of its motors through the car speakers, using different samples according to the engine's load and power.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Components_and_terms">Components and terms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle_audio&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Components and terms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The stock system is the <a href="/wiki/OEM" class="mw-redirect" title="OEM">OEM</a> application that the vehicle's manufacturer specified to be installed when the car was built. </p><p>Aftermarket components can also be used. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Head_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Head unit">Head unit</a>: Headunit products includes the screen and buttons and are manufactured mainly in DIN form factor, which refers to <a href="/wiki/ISO_7736" title="ISO 7736">ISO 7736</a>. Head units come as single DIN or double DIN.</li> <li>Connectors for car audio, where ISO 10487 Harness Adapter is used.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capacitor" title="Capacitor">Capacitors</a>.</li> <li>Mobile <a href="/wiki/Audio_power_amplifier" title="Audio power amplifier">audio power amplifiers</a>.</li></ul> <p>Amplifiers increase the power level of audio signals. Some head units have built-in stereo amplifiers. Other car audio systems use a separate stand-alone amplifier. Every amplifier has a rated power level sometimes noted on the head unit with the built-in amplifier, or on the label of a stand-alone unit. </p> <ol><li>Coaxial speakers: These are the most common type of car speakers and are often factory-installed. They usually consist of a woofer and a tweeter mounted on the same axis, and are designed to reproduce a wide range of frequencies.</li> <li>Component speakers: These speakers are designed for higher-end car audio systems and typically consist of separate woofers, tweeters, and crossovers. This allows for more precise sound tuning and a higher level of sound quality.</li> <li>Subwoofers: These speakers are designed to reproduce low-frequency sounds, particularly bass. They come in various sizes and power levels, and can be used to enhance the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://automotive.newamazingfacts.com/best-car-speakers-2/">bass in a car audio system</a>.</li> <li>Mid-range speakers: These speakers are designed to reproduce mid-range frequencies, such as vocals and instruments like guitars and pianos.</li> <li>Tweeters: These speakers are designed to reproduce high-frequency sounds, such as cymbals and other high-pitched instruments.</li> <li>Sound-deadening material is often used in the door cavities and boot area to dampen excess vibration of the panels in the car in response to loud subwoofer bass tones, especially the boot (trunk).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_disc_drive" title="Optical disc drive">Optical drives</a> with <a href="/wiki/Optical_disc_drive#Tray_and_slot_loading" title="Optical disc drive">slot-loading mechanism</a>.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legality">Legality</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle_audio&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Legality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Excessively loud sound systems in automobiles violate the <a href="/wiki/Noise_regulation" title="Noise regulation">noise ordinance</a> of municipalities, some of which have outlawed them.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2002, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">U.S. Department of Justice</a> issued a guide to <a href="/wiki/Police_officer" title="Police officer">police officers</a> on how to deal with problems associated with loud audio systems in cars.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle_audio&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Autoradio_Roehre.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A 1950s Philips car radio using both transistor and valves. This model used a range of valves that only required 12 volts for their plate (anode) voltage.[37]"><img alt="A 1950s Philips car radio using both transistor and valves. This model used a range of valves that only required 12 volts for their plate (anode) voltage.[37]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Autoradio_Roehre.jpg/120px-Autoradio_Roehre.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Autoradio_Roehre.jpg/180px-Autoradio_Roehre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Autoradio_Roehre.jpg/240px-Autoradio_Roehre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2240" data-file-height="1680" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A 1950s Philips car radio using both transistor and valves. This model used a range of valves that only required 12 volts for their plate (anode) voltage.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chevrolet_Corvette_Transistorized_Hybrid_Car_Radio-1956.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="GM Delco Transistorized "Hybrid" (vacuum tubes and transistors), first offered as an option on the 1956 Chevrolet Corvette car models"><img alt="GM Delco Transistorized "Hybrid" (vacuum tubes and transistors), first offered as an option on the 1956 Chevrolet Corvette car models" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Chevrolet_Corvette_Transistorized_Hybrid_Car_Radio-1956.JPG/120px-Chevrolet_Corvette_Transistorized_Hybrid_Car_Radio-1956.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Chevrolet_Corvette_Transistorized_Hybrid_Car_Radio-1956.JPG/180px-Chevrolet_Corvette_Transistorized_Hybrid_Car_Radio-1956.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Chevrolet_Corvette_Transistorized_Hybrid_Car_Radio-1956.JPG/240px-Chevrolet_Corvette_Transistorized_Hybrid_Car_Radio-1956.JPG 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="458" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">GM Delco Transistorized "Hybrid" (vacuum tubes and transistors), first offered as an option on the 1956 Chevrolet Corvette car models</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kenwood_KDC-W4527.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A car stereo head unit in a dashboard"><img alt="A car stereo head unit in a dashboard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Kenwood_KDC-W4527.jpg/120px-Kenwood_KDC-W4527.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Kenwood_KDC-W4527.jpg/180px-Kenwood_KDC-W4527.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Kenwood_KDC-W4527.jpg/240px-Kenwood_KDC-W4527.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A car stereo head unit in a dashboard</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lincoln_Continental_Cabriolet_photo-58.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="1942 Lincoln Continental Cabriolet radio"><img alt="1942 Lincoln Continental Cabriolet radio" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Lincoln_Continental_Cabriolet_photo-58.JPG/120px-Lincoln_Continental_Cabriolet_photo-58.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Lincoln_Continental_Cabriolet_photo-58.JPG/180px-Lincoln_Continental_Cabriolet_photo-58.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Lincoln_Continental_Cabriolet_photo-58.JPG/240px-Lincoln_Continental_Cabriolet_photo-58.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1942 Lincoln Continental Cabriolet radio</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:VW_Hebm%C3%BCller_(2015-09-12_3701).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Dashboard of VW Hebmüller with Telefunken Radio (1949/50)"><img alt="Dashboard of VW Hebmüller with Telefunken Radio (1949/50)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/VW_Hebm%C3%BCller_%282015-09-12_3701%29.JPG/120px-VW_Hebm%C3%BCller_%282015-09-12_3701%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/VW_Hebm%C3%BCller_%282015-09-12_3701%29.JPG/180px-VW_Hebm%C3%BCller_%282015-09-12_3701%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/VW_Hebm%C3%BCller_%282015-09-12_3701%29.JPG/240px-VW_Hebm%C3%BCller_%282015-09-12_3701%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4944" data-file-height="3296" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dashboard of VW Hebmüller with Telefunken Radio (1949/50)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FORD_Taunus_17M_P2(TL)_deLuxe_Two_door_1958_Radio_Blaupunkt_K%C3%B6ln.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Blaupunkt Köln Radio - German 1958 Ford Taunus 17M P2 deLuxe"><img alt="Blaupunkt Köln Radio - German 1958 Ford Taunus 17M P2 deLuxe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/FORD_Taunus_17M_P2%28TL%29_deLuxe_Two_door_1958_Radio_Blaupunkt_K%C3%B6ln.jpg/120px-FORD_Taunus_17M_P2%28TL%29_deLuxe_Two_door_1958_Radio_Blaupunkt_K%C3%B6ln.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/FORD_Taunus_17M_P2%28TL%29_deLuxe_Two_door_1958_Radio_Blaupunkt_K%C3%B6ln.jpg/180px-FORD_Taunus_17M_P2%28TL%29_deLuxe_Two_door_1958_Radio_Blaupunkt_K%C3%B6ln.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/FORD_Taunus_17M_P2%28TL%29_deLuxe_Two_door_1958_Radio_Blaupunkt_K%C3%B6ln.jpg/240px-FORD_Taunus_17M_P2%28TL%29_deLuxe_Two_door_1958_Radio_Blaupunkt_K%C3%B6ln.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Blaupunkt Köln Radio - German 1958 Ford Taunus 17M P2 deLuxe</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:W110_Cockpit.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1964 Mercedes-Benz W110 190c dashboard with original FM Blaupunkt "Frankfurt" head unit."><img alt="1964 Mercedes-Benz W110 190c dashboard with original FM Blaupunkt "Frankfurt" head unit." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/W110_Cockpit.jpg/120px-W110_Cockpit.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/W110_Cockpit.jpg/180px-W110_Cockpit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/W110_Cockpit.jpg/240px-W110_Cockpit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1886" data-file-height="673" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1964 <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_W110" title="Mercedes-Benz W110">Mercedes-Benz W110</a> 190c dashboard with original FM Blaupunkt "Frankfurt" head unit.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1978_AMC_Matador_sedan_red_NC_detail_of_factory_AM-FM-stereo-8-track_unit.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1978 AMC Matador sedan factory AM-FM-stereo-8-track unit with an album by The Blues Brothers"><img alt="1978 AMC Matador sedan factory AM-FM-stereo-8-track unit with an album by The Blues Brothers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/1978_AMC_Matador_sedan_red_NC_detail_of_factory_AM-FM-stereo-8-track_unit.jpg/120px-1978_AMC_Matador_sedan_red_NC_detail_of_factory_AM-FM-stereo-8-track_unit.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/1978_AMC_Matador_sedan_red_NC_detail_of_factory_AM-FM-stereo-8-track_unit.jpg/180px-1978_AMC_Matador_sedan_red_NC_detail_of_factory_AM-FM-stereo-8-track_unit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/1978_AMC_Matador_sedan_red_NC_detail_of_factory_AM-FM-stereo-8-track_unit.jpg/240px-1978_AMC_Matador_sedan_red_NC_detail_of_factory_AM-FM-stereo-8-track_unit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1978 AMC Matador sedan factory AM-FM-stereo-<a href="/wiki/8-track_tape" class="mw-redirect" title="8-track tape">8-track</a> unit with an album by <a href="/wiki/The_Blues_Brothers" title="The Blues Brothers">The Blues Brothers</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ford_Sierra_CLX_1990_Radio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1990 Ford Sierra CLX Radio-Cassette head unit in a dashboard with cassette storage"><img alt="1990 Ford Sierra CLX Radio-Cassette head unit in a dashboard with cassette storage" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Ford_Sierra_CLX_1990_Radio.jpg/90px-Ford_Sierra_CLX_1990_Radio.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Ford_Sierra_CLX_1990_Radio.jpg/135px-Ford_Sierra_CLX_1990_Radio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Ford_Sierra_CLX_1990_Radio.jpg/180px-Ford_Sierra_CLX_1990_Radio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1990 Ford Sierra CLX Radio-Cassette head unit in a dashboard with cassette storage</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BP74-Servicemenu-2008-05-31-03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Early 00's Blaupunkt car radio (close look)"><img alt="Early 00's Blaupunkt car radio (close look)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/BP74-Servicemenu-2008-05-31-03.jpg/120px-BP74-Servicemenu-2008-05-31-03.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/BP74-Servicemenu-2008-05-31-03.jpg/180px-BP74-Servicemenu-2008-05-31-03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/BP74-Servicemenu-2008-05-31-03.jpg/240px-BP74-Servicemenu-2008-05-31-03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1242" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Early 00's <a href="/wiki/Blaupunkt" title="Blaupunkt">Blaupunkt</a> car radio (close look)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2008-04-16_Car_audio_drivers.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A set of speaker drivers removed from a passenger vehicle"><img alt="A set of speaker drivers removed from a passenger vehicle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/2008-04-16_Car_audio_drivers.jpg/120px-2008-04-16_Car_audio_drivers.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/2008-04-16_Car_audio_drivers.jpg/180px-2008-04-16_Car_audio_drivers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/2008-04-16_Car_audio_drivers.jpg/240px-2008-04-16_Car_audio_drivers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="1288" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A set of speaker drivers removed from a passenger vehicle</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lightning_Audio_750_Watts_Car_Audio_Amplifier.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A car audio amplifier"><img alt="A car audio amplifier" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Lightning_Audio_750_Watts_Car_Audio_Amplifier.JPG/120px-Lightning_Audio_750_Watts_Car_Audio_Amplifier.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Lightning_Audio_750_Watts_Car_Audio_Amplifier.JPG/180px-Lightning_Audio_750_Watts_Car_Audio_Amplifier.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Lightning_Audio_750_Watts_Car_Audio_Amplifier.JPG/240px-Lightning_Audio_750_Watts_Car_Audio_Amplifier.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A car audio amplifier</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JLaudiosubwoofers.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Two 10-inch subwoofers in the trunk of a car"><img alt="Two 10-inch subwoofers in the trunk of a car" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/JLaudiosubwoofers.jpg/120px-JLaudiosubwoofers.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/JLaudiosubwoofers.jpg/180px-JLaudiosubwoofers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/JLaudiosubwoofers.jpg/240px-JLaudiosubwoofers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Two 10-inch subwoofers in the trunk of a car</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Toyota_Camry_Factory_Integrated_(In-Dash)_Head_Unit.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="As technology keeps evolving, head units are now paired with the climate control system and other functions"><img alt="As technology keeps evolving, head units are now paired with the climate control system and other functions" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8e/Toyota_Camry_Factory_Integrated_%28In-Dash%29_Head_Unit.jpg/120px-Toyota_Camry_Factory_Integrated_%28In-Dash%29_Head_Unit.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8e/Toyota_Camry_Factory_Integrated_%28In-Dash%29_Head_Unit.jpg/180px-Toyota_Camry_Factory_Integrated_%28In-Dash%29_Head_Unit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8e/Toyota_Camry_Factory_Integrated_%28In-Dash%29_Head_Unit.jpg/240px-Toyota_Camry_Factory_Integrated_%28In-Dash%29_Head_Unit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">As technology keeps evolving, head units are now paired with the climate control system and other functions</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SiriusXM_Display_on_Volkswagen%27s_RNS-510_Receiver.png" class="mw-file-description" title="An example of the evolution: 2010's Volkswagen has a smart panel both with buttons and a touch screen to play radio."><img alt="An example of the evolution: 2010's Volkswagen has a smart panel both with buttons and a touch screen to play radio." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/SiriusXM_Display_on_Volkswagen%27s_RNS-510_Receiver.png/120px-SiriusXM_Display_on_Volkswagen%27s_RNS-510_Receiver.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/SiriusXM_Display_on_Volkswagen%27s_RNS-510_Receiver.png/180px-SiriusXM_Display_on_Volkswagen%27s_RNS-510_Receiver.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/SiriusXM_Display_on_Volkswagen%27s_RNS-510_Receiver.png/240px-SiriusXM_Display_on_Volkswagen%27s_RNS-510_Receiver.png 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="633" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An example of the evolution: 2010's Volkswagen has a smart panel both with buttons and a touch screen to play <a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">radio</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle_audio&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_sound_design" title="Active sound design">Active sound design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_auto_parts" title="List of auto parts">List of auto parts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_car_audio_manufacturers_and_brands" title="List of car audio manufacturers and brands">List of car audio manufacturers and brands</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle_audio&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-01-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=America%27s+best-selling+cars+and+trucks+are+built+on+lies%3A+The+rise+of+fake+engine+noise&rft.date=2015-01-21&rft.aulast=Harwell&rft.aufirst=Drew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fbusiness%2Feconomy%2Famericas-best-selling-cars-and-trucks-are-built-on-lies-the-rise-of-fake-engine-noise%2F2015%2F01%2F21%2F6db09a10-a0ba-11e4-b146-577832eafcb4_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVehicle+audio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.popularmechanics.com/cars/a7923/the-rise-of-the-fake-engine-roar-11291754/">"The Rise of the Fake Engine Roar"</a>. <i>Popular Mechanics</i>. 2012-08-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-01-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Popular+Mechanics&rft.atitle=The+Rise+of+the+Fake+Engine+Roar&rft.date=2012-08-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.popularmechanics.com%2Fcars%2Fa7923%2Fthe-rise-of-the-fake-engine-roar-11291754%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVehicle+audio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150219064546/http://noisefree.org/boomcars.php">"Boom Cars, Noise Free America"</a>. <i>Noisefree.org</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 18,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Loud+Car+Stereos&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+Justice%2C+Community+Oriented+Policing+Services&rft.date=2002-05-22&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Michael+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cops.usdoj.gov%2Fpdf%2Fe05021550.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVehicle+audio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.r-type.org/exhib/aaa0246.htm">"6DS8"</a>. <i>r-type.org</i>. 28 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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class="mw-redirect" title="Music centre">Music centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_media_player" title="Portable media player">Portable media player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiogram_(device)" title="Radiogram (device)">Radiogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelf_stereo" class="mw-redirect" title="Shelf stereo">Shelf stereo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_radio" title="Table radio">Table radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuner_(radio)" title="Tuner (radio)">Tuner</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vehicle audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkman" title="Walkman">Walkman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" 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interior</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Part of a series of articles on <a href="/wiki/Car" title="Car">cars</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Instruments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_navigation_system" title="Automotive navigation system">Automotive navigation system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_night_vision" title="Automotive night vision">Automotive night vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backup_camera" title="Backup camera">Backup camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blind_spot_monitor" title="Blind spot monitor">Blind spot monitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boost_gauge" title="Boost gauge">Boost gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buzzer" title="Buzzer">Buzzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carputer" title="Carputer">Carputer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Check_engine_light" title="Check engine light">Check engine light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_instrument_cluster" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic instrument cluster">Electronic instrument cluster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_gauge" title="Fuel gauge">Fuel gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_head-up_display" title="Automotive head-up display">Head-up display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odometer" title="Odometer">Odometer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parking_sensor" title="Parking sensor">Parking sensor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radar_detector" title="Radar detector">Radar detector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speedometer" title="Speedometer">Speedometer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachometer" title="Tachometer">Tachometer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telematics" title="Telematics">Telematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell-tale_(automotive)" title="Tell-tale (automotive)">Tell-tale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trip_computer" title="Trip computer">Trip computer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Controls</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bowden_cable" title="Bowden cable">Bowden cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brake" title="Brake">Brake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clutch" title="Clutch">Clutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruise_control" title="Cruise control">Cruise control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_throttle_control" title="Electronic throttle control">Electronic throttle control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gear_stick" title="Gear stick">Gear stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manettino_dial" title="Manettino dial">Manettino dial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parking_brake" title="Parking brake">Parking brake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_steering" title="Power steering">Power steering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steering_wheel" title="Steering wheel">Steering wheel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Anti-theft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Car_alarm" title="Car alarm">Alarm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_vehicle_location" title="Automatic vehicle location">Automatic vehicle location</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immobiliser" title="Immobiliser">Immobiliser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_door_locks" title="Power door locks">Power door locks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_keyless_system" title="Remote keyless system">Remote keyless system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_key" title="Smart key">Smart key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIN_etching" title="VIN etching">VIN etching</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_safety" title="Automotive safety">Safety</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Car_seat" title="Car seat">Seating</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airbag" title="Airbag">Airbag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armrest" title="Armrest">Armrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bench_seat" title="Bench seat">Bench seat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucket_seat" title="Bucket seat">Bucket seat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_safety_lock" title="Child safety lock">Child safety lock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rear-view_mirror" title="Rear-view mirror">Rear-view mirror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumble_seat" title="Rumble seat">Rumble seat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seat_belt" title="Seat belt">Seat belt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Other elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Car_boot_liner" title="Car boot liner">Boot liner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_console_(automobile)" title="Center console (automobile)">Center console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dashboard" title="Dashboard">Dashboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glove_compartment" title="Glove compartment">Glove compartment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molded_carpet" title="Molded carpet">Molded carpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_visor" title="Sun visor">Sun visor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_mat" title="Vehicle mat">Vehicle mat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Convenience</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet" title="Automobile auxiliary power outlet">Automobile auxiliary power outlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cup_holder" title="Cup holder">Cup holder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car_phone" title="Car phone">Car phone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Cars" title="Category:Cars">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Automobiles" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Automobiles">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Cars" title="Portal:Cars">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Music_technology" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Music_technology" title="Template:Music technology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Music_technology" title="Template talk:Music technology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Music_technology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Music technology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Music_technology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Music_technology" title="Music technology">Music technology</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_technology" title="Music technology">Music technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_technology_(mechanical)" title="Music technology (mechanical)">Mechanical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_technology_(electric)" title="Music technology (electric)">Electrical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_technology_(electronic_and_digital)" title="Music technology (electronic and digital)">Electronic and digital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sound_recording_and_reproduction" title="Sound recording and reproduction">Sound recording</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio channel">Audio channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixing_console" title="Mixing console">Mixing console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binaural_recording" title="Binaural recording">Binaural recording</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_audio_workstation" title="Digital audio workstation">Digital audio workstation</a> (DAW)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_unit" title="Effects unit">Effects unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equalization_(audio)" title="Equalization (audio)">Equalizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headphones" title="Headphones">Headphones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microphone" title="Microphone">Microphone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microphone_preamplifier" title="Microphone preamplifier">Microphone preamplifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foldback_(sound_engineering)" class="mw-redirect" title="Foldback (sound engineering)">Monitor speaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multitrack_recording" title="Multitrack recording">Multitrack recording</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_producer" title="Record producer">Music production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_sequencer" title="Music sequencer">Music sequencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outboard_gear" title="Outboard gear">Outboard gear</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_audio_formats" title="Timeline of audio formats">Recording media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phonograph_record" title="Phonograph record">Phonograph record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_tape" title="Magnetic tape">Magnetic tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_cassette" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact cassette">Compact cassette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">Compact disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Audio_Tape" title="Digital Audio Tape">DAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_disk_recorder" title="Hard disk recorder">Hard disk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MiniDisc" title="MiniDisc">MiniDisc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">MP3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opus_(audio_format)" title="Opus (audio format)">Opus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Analog_recording" title="Analog recording">Analog recording</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/8-track_tape" class="mw-redirect" title="8-track tape">8-track cartridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amplifier" title="Amplifier">Amplifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassette_deck" title="Cassette deck">Cassette deck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_analog_and_digital_recording" title="Comparison of analog and digital recording">Comparison of analog and digital recording</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_musical_instrument" title="Experimental musical instrument">Experimental musical instrument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonograph" title="Phonograph">Phonograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Player_piano" title="Player piano">Player piano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reel-to-reel_audio_tape_recording" title="Reel-to-reel audio tape recording">Reel-to-reel audio tape recording</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tape_recorder" title="Tape recorder">Tape recorder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Playback transducers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loudspeaker" title="Loudspeaker">Loudspeaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headphones" title="Headphones">Headphones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foldback_(sound_engineering)" class="mw-redirect" title="Foldback (sound engineering)">Monitor speaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_address_system" title="Public address system">PA system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_reinforcement_system" title="Sound reinforcement system">Sound reinforcement system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_enclosure" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker enclosure">Speaker enclosure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subwoofer" title="Subwoofer">Subwoofer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_audio" title="Digital audio">Digital audio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_recording" title="Digital recording">Digital recording</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_signal_processing" title="Digital signal processing">Digital signal processing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Concert" title="Concert">Live music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mixing_console" title="Mixing console">Mixing console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_amplifier" title="Bass amplifier">Bass amplifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_unit" title="Effects unit">Effects unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foldback_(sound_engineering)" class="mw-redirect" title="Foldback (sound engineering)">Foldback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guitar_amplifier" title="Guitar amplifier">Guitar amplifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keyboard_amplifier" title="Keyboard amplifier">Keyboard amplifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_address_system" title="Public address system">PA system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverb_effect" title="Reverb effect">Reverb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_reinforcement_system" title="Sound reinforcement system">Sound reinforcement system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">Electronic music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiptune" title="Chiptune">Chiptune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_bending" title="Circuit bending">Circuit bending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_machine" title="Drum machine">Drum machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_drums" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic drums">Electronic drums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_musical_instrument" title="Electronic musical instrument">Electronic musical instrument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIDI" title="MIDI">MIDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIDI_controller" title="MIDI controller">MIDI controller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_workstation" title="Music workstation">Music workstation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampler_(musical_instrument)" title="Sampler (musical instrument)">Sampler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_sequencer" title="Music sequencer">Sequencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_module" title="Sound module">Sound module</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthesizer" title="Synthesizer">Synthesizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theremin" title="Theremin">Theremin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">Software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_audio_editor" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital audio editor">Digital audio editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_audio_workstation" title="Digital audio workstation">Digital audio workstation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GarageBand" title="GarageBand">GarageBand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProTools" class="mw-redirect" title="ProTools">ProTools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scorewriter" title="Scorewriter">Scorewriter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_effect_processor" title="Software effect processor">Software effect processor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_sampler" class="mw-redirect" title="Software sampler">Software sampler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_synthesizer" title="Software synthesizer">Software synthesizer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Professions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_engineer" title="Audio engineer">Audio engineer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DJ" class="mw-redirect" title="DJ">DJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guitar_tech" title="Guitar tech">Guitar technician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixing_engineer" title="Mixing engineer">Mixing engineer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monitor_engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Monitor engineer">Monitor engineer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_tuner" class="mw-redirect" title="Piano tuner">Piano tuner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_producer" title="Record producer">Record producer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Re-recording_mixer" title="Re-recording mixer">Re-recording mixer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_designer" class="mw-redirect" title="Sound designer">Sound designer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_follower" title="Sound follower">Sound follower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_operator" class="mw-redirect" title="Sound operator">Sound operator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_recording" class="mw-redirect" title="Sound recording">Sound recording engineer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tape_op" title="Tape op">Tape op</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People and organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Engineering_Society" title="Audio Engineering Society">Audio Engineering Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goji_Electronics" title="Goji Electronics">Goji Electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Broadcast_Sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute of Broadcast Sound">Institute of Broadcast Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lejaren_Hiller" title="Lejaren Hiller">Lejaren Hiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRCAM" title="IRCAM">IRCAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Mathews" title="Max Mathews">Max Mathews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_Electronics_Library" title="Musical Electronics Library">Musical Electronics Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Lighting_and_Sound_Association" title="Professional Lighting and Sound Association">Professional Lighting and Sound Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Moog" title="Robert Moog">Robert Moog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Motion_Picture_and_Television_Engineers" title="Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers">SMPTE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEIM" title="STEIM">STEIM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audiophile" title="Audiophile">Audiophile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_fidelity" title="High fidelity">High fidelity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_audio" title="Home audio">Home audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_cinema" title="Home cinema">Home cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_store" title="Music store">Music store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_audio_store" title="Professional audio store">Professional audio store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Interfaces_for_Musical_Expression" title="New Interfaces for Musical Expression">New Interfaces for Musical Expression</a> (NIME)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vehicle audio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" 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