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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1952 scholarly article by Alan Turing</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Giant_Pufferfish_skin_pattern_detail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Giant_Pufferfish_skin_pattern_detail.jpg/220px-Giant_Pufferfish_skin_pattern_detail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Giant_Pufferfish_skin_pattern_detail.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Turing's paper explained how natural patterns, such as stripes, spots, and spirals, like those of the <a href="/wiki/Giant_pufferfish" class="mw-redirect" title="Giant pufferfish">giant pufferfish</a>, may arise.</figcaption></figure> <p>"<b>The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis</b>" is an article that the English mathematician <a href="/wiki/Alan_Turing" title="Alan Turing">Alan Turing</a> wrote in 1952.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It describes how <a href="/wiki/Patterns_in_nature" title="Patterns in nature">patterns in nature</a>, such as stripes and spirals, can arise naturally from a homogeneous, uniform state. The theory, which can be called a <a href="/wiki/Reaction%E2%80%93diffusion_system" title="Reaction–diffusion system">reaction–diffusion</a> theory of <a href="/wiki/Morphogenesis" title="Morphogenesis">morphogenesis</a>, has become a basic model in <a href="/wiki/Theoretical_biology" class="mw-redirect" title="Theoretical biology">theoretical biology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such patterns have come to be known as <a href="/wiki/Turing_pattern" title="Turing pattern">Turing patterns</a>. For example, it has been postulated that the protein <a href="/wiki/Vascular_endothelial_growth_factor_C" title="Vascular endothelial growth factor C">VEGFC</a> can form Turing patterns to govern <a href="/wiki/Lymphangiogenesis" title="Lymphangiogenesis">the formation of lymphatic vessels</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Zebrafish" title="Zebrafish">zebrafish</a> embryo.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reaction–diffusion_systems"><span id="Reaction.E2.80.93diffusion_systems"></span>Reaction–diffusion systems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Chemical_Basis_of_Morphogenesis&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Reaction–diffusion systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Reaction%E2%80%93diffusion_system" title="Reaction–diffusion system">Reaction–diffusion system</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Reaction%E2%80%93diffusion_system" title="Reaction–diffusion system">Reaction–diffusion systems</a> have attracted much interest as a prototype model for <a href="/wiki/Pattern_formation" title="Pattern formation">pattern formation</a>. Patterns such as fronts, spirals, targets, hexagons, stripes and <a href="/wiki/Dissipative_soliton" title="Dissipative soliton">dissipative solitons</a> are found in various types of reaction-diffusion systems in spite of large discrepancies e.g. in the local reaction terms. Such patterns have been dubbed "<a href="/wiki/Turing_pattern" title="Turing pattern">Turing patterns</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reaction–diffusion processes form one class of explanation for the <a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_developmental_biology" title="Evolutionary developmental biology">embryonic development</a> of animal coats and skin pigmentation.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Murray2013_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murray2013-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another reason for the interest in reaction-diffusion systems is that although they represent <a href="/wiki/Nonlinear" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonlinear">nonlinear</a> <a href="/wiki/Partial_differential_equations" class="mw-redirect" title="Partial differential equations">partial differential equations</a>, there are often possibilities for an analytical treatment.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Chemical_Basis_of_Morphogenesis&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_developmental_biology" title="Evolutionary developmental biology">Evolutionary developmental biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turing_pattern" title="Turing pattern">Turing pattern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symmetry_breaking" title="Symmetry breaking">Symmetry breaking</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Chemical_Basis_of_Morphogenesis&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTuring1952" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Turing" title="Alan Turing">Turing, Alan</a> (1952). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dna.caltech.edu/courses/cs191/paperscs191/turing.pdf">"The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B</i>. <b>237</b> (641): 37–72. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1952RSPTB.237...37T">1952RSPTB.237...37T</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frstb.1952.0012">10.1098/rstb.1952.0012</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/92463">92463</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:120437796">120437796</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philosophical+Transactions+of+the+Royal+Society+of+London+B&rft.atitle=The+Chemical+Basis+of+Morphogenesis&rft.volume=237&rft.issue=641&rft.pages=37-72&rft.date=1952&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frstb.1952.0012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A120437796%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F92463%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1952RSPTB.237...37T&rft.aulast=Turing&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dna.caltech.edu%2Fcourses%2Fcs191%2Fpaperscs191%2Fturing.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Chemical+Basis+of+Morphogenesis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harrison, L.G. (1993). <i>Kinetic Theory of Living Pattern</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWertheim2019" class="citation journal cs1">Wertheim, Kenneth (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6397306">"Can VEGFC form turing patterns in the Zebrafish embryo?"</a>. <i>Bulletin of Mathematical Biology</i>. <b>81</b> (4): 1201–1237. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11538-018-00560-2">10.1007/s11538-018-00560-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6397306">6397306</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30607882">30607882</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Mathematical+Biology&rft.atitle=Can+VEGFC+form+turing+patterns+in+the+Zebrafish+embryo%3F&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1201-1237&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6397306%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30607882&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11538-018-00560-2&rft.aulast=Wertheim&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6397306&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Chemical+Basis+of+Morphogenesis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wooley, T. E., <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Baker" title="Ruth Baker">Baker, R. E.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Maini" title="Philip Maini">Maini, P. K.</a>, Chapter 34, <i>Turing's theory of morphogenesis</i>. In <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCopelandBowenWilsonSprevak2017" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Copeland" title="Jack Copeland">Copeland, B. Jack</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Bowen" title="Jonathan Bowen">Bowen, Jonathan P.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Robin_Wilson_(mathematician)" title="Robin Wilson (mathematician)">Wilson, Robin</a>; Sprevak, Mark (2017). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Turing_Guide" title="The Turing Guide">The Turing Guide</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0198747826" title="Special:BookSources/978-0198747826"><bdi>978-0198747826</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Turing+Guide&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0198747826&rft.aulast=Copeland&rft.aufirst=B.+Jack&rft.au=Bowen%2C+Jonathan+P.&rft.au=Wilson%2C+Robin&rft.au=Sprevak%2C+Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Chemical+Basis+of+Morphogenesis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeinhardt,_H.1982" class="citation book cs1">Meinhardt, H. (1982). <i>Models of Biological Pattern Formation</i>. <a href="/wiki/Academic_Press" title="Academic Press">Academic Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Models+of+Biological+Pattern+Formation&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.au=Meinhardt%2C+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Chemical+Basis+of+Morphogenesis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Murray2013-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Murray2013_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurray2013" class="citation book cs1">Murray, James D. (9 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K3LmCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA436"><i>Mathematical Biology</i></a>. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 436–450. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-662-08539-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-662-08539-4"><bdi>978-3-662-08539-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mathematical+Biology&rft.pages=436-450&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2013-03-09&rft.isbn=978-3-662-08539-4&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=James+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DK3LmCAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA436&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Chemical+Basis+of+Morphogenesis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grindrod, P. Patterns and Waves: The Theory and Applications of Reaction-Diffusion Equations, Clarendon Press (1991)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smoller, J. Shock Waves and Reaction Diffusion Equations, Springer (1994)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kerner, B. S. and Osipov, V. V. Autosolitons. A New Approach to Problems of Self-Organization and Turbulence, <a href="/wiki/Kluwer_Academic_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Kluwer Academic Publishers">Kluwer Academic Publishers</a> (1994).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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<ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/On_Computable_Numbers,_with_an_Application_to_the_Entscheidungsproblem" class="mw-redirect" title="On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem">On Computable Numbers</a>" (1936)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Systems_of_Logic_Based_on_Ordinals" title="Systems of Logic Based on Ordinals">Systems of Logic Based on Ordinals</a>" (1939)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Unorganized_machine" title="Unorganized machine">Intelligent Machinery</a>" (1948)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Computing_Machinery_and_Intelligence" title="Computing Machinery and Intelligence">Computing Machinery and Intelligence</a>" (1950)</li> <li>"<a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis</a>" (1952)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legacy_of_Alan_Turing" title="Legacy of Alan Turing">Legacy of Alan Turing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Alan_Turing" title="List of things named after Alan Turing">namesakes</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Chemical_Basis_of_Morphogenesis&oldid=1248492346">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Chemical_Basis_of_Morphogenesis&oldid=1248492346</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1952_in_England" title="Category:1952 in England">1952 in 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