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href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Уикипедия" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-bg.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.3125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Свободната енциклопедия" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-bg.svg" width="120" height="12" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A2%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Претърсване на Уикипедия [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Търсене</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Търсене в Уикипедия" aria-label="Търсене в Уикипедия" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Претърсване на Уикипедия [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Специални:Търсене"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Търсене</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Лични инструменти"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Облик"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Облик" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Облик</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_bg.wikipedia.org&uselang=bg" class=""><span>Направете дарение</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Насърчаваме Ви да си създадете сметка и да влезете, въпреки че не е задължително." class=""><span>Създаване на сметка</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Препоръчваме Ви да влезете, въпреки, че не е задължително. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Влизане</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Допълнителни опции" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Лични инструменти" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Лични инструменти</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Потребителско меню" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_bg.wikipedia.org&uselang=bg"><span>Направете дарение</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Насърчаваме Ви да си създадете сметка и да влезете, въпреки че не е задължително."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Създаване на сметка</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Препоръчваме Ви да влезете, въпреки, че не е задължително. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Влизане</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Страници за излезли от системата редактори <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%89:%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" aria-label="Научете повече за редактирането"><span>научете повече</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Списък на промените, направени от този IP адрес [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Приноси</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Дискусия относно редакциите от този адрес [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Беседа</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Съдържание" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Съдържание</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">преместване към страничната лента</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">скриване</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Начало</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Окислително-редукционни_процеси_в_разтвори_на_електролити" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Окислително-редукционни_процеси_в_разтвори_на_електролити"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Окислително-редукционни процеси в разтвори на електролити</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Окислително-редукционни_процеси_в_разтвори_на_електролити-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Правила_за_определяне_на_степен_на_окисление" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Правила_за_определяне_на_степен_на_окисление"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Правила за определяне на степен на окисление</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Правила_за_определяне_на_степен_на_окисление-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Съдържание" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Скриване/показване на съдържанието" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Скриване/показване на съдържанието</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Окислително-редукционни процеси</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Към статията на друг език. Налична на 81 езика" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-81" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">81 езика</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redoksreaksie" title="Redoksreaksie – африканс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Redoksreaksie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африканс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84" title="أكسدة واختزال – арабски" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أكسدة واختزال" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenorgamientu-oxidaci%C3%B3n" title="Amenorgamientu-oxidación – астурски" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Amenorgamientu-oxidación" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%83-%D2%A1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%83_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Окисланыу-ҡайтарылыу реакциялары – башкирски" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Окисланыу-ҡайтарылыу реакциялары" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="башкирски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Акісляльна-аднаўленчыя рэакцыі – беларуски" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Акісляльна-аднаўленчыя рэакцыі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларуски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Затляняльна-аднаўленчыя рэакцыі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Затляняльна-аднаўленчыя рэакцыі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3" title="জারণ – бенгалски" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জারণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redoks-reakcija" title="Redoks-reakcija – босненски" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Redoks-reakcija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босненски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reacci%C3%B3_d%27oxidaci%C3%B3_reducci%C3%B3" title="Reacció d'oxidació reducció – каталонски" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Reacció d'oxidació reducció" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%86%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ئۆکسان – кюрдски (централен)" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئۆکسان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="кюрдски (централен)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redoxn%C3%AD_reakce" title="Redoxní reakce – чешки" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Redoxní reakce" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2-%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9%C4%95" title="Оксидлав-таврăнав реакцийĕ – чувашки" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Оксидлав-таврăнав реакцийĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhydocs" title="Rhydocs – уелски" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhydocs" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="уелски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redoxreaktion" title="Redoxreaktion – датски" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Redoxreaktion" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redoxreaktion" title="Redoxreaktion – немски" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Redoxreaktion" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%BE%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE" title="Οξειδοαναγωγή – гръцки" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οξειδοαναγωγή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="гръцки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redox" title="Redox – английски" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Redox" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="английски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redoksa_reakcio" title="Redoksa reakcio – есперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Redoksa reakcio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="есперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reducci%C3%B3n-oxidaci%C3%B3n" title="Reducción-oxidación – испански" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Reducción-oxidación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redoksreaktsioon" title="Redoksreaktsioon – естонски" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Redoksreaktsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="естонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erredox_erreakzio" title="Erredox erreakzio – баски" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erredox erreakzio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4" title="اکسایش-کاهش – персийски" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اکسایش-کاهش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapetus-pelkistysreaktio" title="Hapetus-pelkistysreaktio – фински" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hapetus-pelkistysreaktio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9action_d%27oxydor%C3%A9duction" title="Réaction d'oxydoréduction – френски" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Réaction d'oxydoréduction" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="френски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redoksreaksje" title="Redoksreaksje – западнофризийски" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Redoksreaksje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="западнофризийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocsd%C3%AD" title="Ocsdí – ирландски" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ocsdí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidorreduci%C3%B3n" title="Oxidorredución – галисийски" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Oxidorredución" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%9F-%D7%97%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A8" title="חמצון-חיזור – иврит" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חמצון-חיזור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="रेडॉक्स – хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रेडॉक्स" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redoks" title="Redoks – хърватски" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Redoks" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хърватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksidasyon" title="Oksidasyon – хаитянски креолски" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Oksidasyon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="хаитянски креолски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redoxireakci%C3%B3" title="Redoxireakció – унгарски" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Redoxireakció" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="унгарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4_%D6%87_%D5%BE%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Օքսիդացում և վերականգնում – арменски" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օքսիդացում և վերականգնում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="арменски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redox" title="Redox – интерлингва" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Redox" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redoks" title="Redoks – индонезийски" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Redoks" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degrado_per_oxidigo" title="Degrado per oxidigo – идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Degrado per oxidigo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ossidoriduzione" title="Ossidoriduzione – италиански" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ossidoriduzione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="италиански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E5%8C%96%E9%82%84%E5%85%83%E5%8F%8D%E5%BF%9C" title="酸化還元反応 – японски" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="酸化還元反応" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%90-%E1%83%90%E1%83%A6%E1%83%93%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ჟანგვა-აღდგენითი რეაქციები – грузински" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჟანგვა-აღდგენითი რეაქციები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%83-%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Тотығу-тотықсыздану реакциясы – казахски" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тотығу-тотықсыздану реакциясы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%89%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%A3_-_%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%A3" title="ಉತ್ಕರ್ಷಣ - ಅಪಕರ್ಷಣ – каннада" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಉತ್ಕರ್ಷಣ - ಅಪಕರ್ಷಣ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%B0%ED%99%94%C2%B7%ED%99%98%EC%9B%90_%EB%B0%98%EC%9D%91" title="산화·환원 반응 – корейски" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="산화·환원 반응" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корейски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidatiouns-Reaktioun" title="Oxidatiouns-Reaktioun – люксембургски" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Oxidatiouns-Reaktioun" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксембургски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksidacijos-redukcijos_reakcija" title="Oksidacijos-redukcijos reakcija – литовски" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Oksidacijos-redukcijos reakcija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksid%C4%93%C5%A1an%C4%81s-reduc%C4%93%C5%A1an%C4%81s_reakcijas" title="Oksidēšanās-reducēšanās reakcijas – латвийски" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Oksidēšanās-reducēšanās reakcijas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латвийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Оксидационо-редукциона реакција – македонски" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Оксидационо-редукциона реакција" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="റിഡോക്സ് പ്രവർത്തനം – малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റിഡോക്സ് പ്രവർത്തനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Исэлдэлт – монголски" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Исэлдэлт" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="монголски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tindak_balas_redoks" title="Tindak balas redoks – малайски" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tindak balas redoks" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redoxreactie" title="Redoxreactie – нидерландски" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Redoxreactie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redoksreaksjon" title="Redoksreaksjon – норвежки (нюношк)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Redoksreaksjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="норвежки (нюношк)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redoksreaksjon" title="Redoksreaksjon – норвежки (букмол)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Redoksreaksjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежки (букмол)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaccion_d%27oxidoreduccion" title="Reaccion d'oxidoreduccion – окситански" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Reaccion d'oxidoreduccion" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8" title="ਰਿਡਾਕਸ – пенджабски" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਿਡਾਕਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="пенджабски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reakcja_redoks" title="Reakcja redoks – полски" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Reakcja redoks" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="полски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DA%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="رڈاکس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="رڈاکس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxirredu%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Oxirredução – португалски" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Oxirredução" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uksiday" title="Uksiday – кечуа" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Uksiday" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reac%C8%9Bie_de_oxido-reducere" title="Reacție de oxido-reducere – румънски" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Reacție de oxido-reducere" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румънски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Окислительно-восстановительные реакции – руски" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Окислительно-восстановительные реакции" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%DA%8A%D9%88%DA%AA%D8%B3" title="ريڊوڪس – синдхи" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ريڊوڪس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="синдхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksido-redukcija" title="Oksido-redukcija – сърбохърватски" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Oksido-redukcija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сърбохърватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redox" title="Redox – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Redox" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxida%C4%8Dno-reduk%C4%8Dn%C3%A1_reakcia" title="Oxidačno-redukčná reakcia – словашки" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Oxidačno-redukčná reakcia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redoks_reakcija" title="Redoks reakcija – словенски" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Redoks reakcija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaksionet_redoks" title="Reaksionet redoks – албански" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Reaksionet redoks" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Оксидо-редукција – сръбски" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Оксидо-редукција" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сръбски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%AE%87%E1%AE%8A%E1%AE%AA%E1%AE%9E%E1%AE%A4%E1%AE%93%E1%AE%9E%E1%AE%A4" title="ᮇᮊ᮪ᮞᮤᮓᮞᮤ – сундански" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="ᮇᮊ᮪ᮞᮤᮓᮞᮤ" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сундански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redox" title="Redox – шведски" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Redox" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95-%E0%AE%8F%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="ஒடுக்க-ஏற்ற வேதிவினைகள் – тамилски" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஒடுக்க-ஏற்ற வேதிவினைகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамилски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C" title="ปฏิกิริยารีดอกซ์ – тайски" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปฏิกิริยารีดอกซ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redoks" title="Redoks – турски" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Redoks" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%83-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Оксидлашу-кайтару реакцияләре – татарски" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Оксидлашу-кайтару реакцияләре" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Окисно-відновна реакція – украински" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Окисно-відновна реакція" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="تخسید – урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تخسید" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A3n_%E1%BB%A9ng_oxy_h%C3%B3a_kh%E1%BB%AD" title="Phản ứng oxy hóa khử – виетнамски" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phản ứng oxy hóa khử" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="виетнамски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%98%E5%8E%9F%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" title="氧化还原反应 – ву китайски" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="氧化还原反应" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ву китайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%98%E5%8E%9F%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" title="氧化还原反应 – китайски" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="氧化还原反应" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%82%84%E5%8E%9F%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89" title="氧化還原反應 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="氧化還原反應" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sng-h%C3%B2a_ho%C3%A2n-go%C3%A2n_ho%C3%A1n-%C3%A8ng" title="Sng-hòa hoân-goân hoán-èng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sng-hòa hoân-goân hoán-èng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%82%84%E5%8E%9F%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89" title="氧化還原反應 – кантонски" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="氧化還原反應" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q82682#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Редактиране на междуезиковите препратки" class="wbc-editpage">Редактиране</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Именни пространства"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Преглед на основната страница [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Статия</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0:%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Беседа за страницата (страницата не съществува) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Беседа</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Промяна на езиковия вариант" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">български</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Прегледи"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8"><span>Преглед</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8&veaction=edit" title="Редактиране на страницата [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Редактиране</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8&action=edit" title="Редактиране на изходния код на страницата [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Редактиране на кода</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8&action=history" title="Предишни версии на страницата [h]" accesskey="h"><span>История</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Инструменти" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Инструменти</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Инструменти</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">преместване към страничната лента</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">скриване</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Допълнителни опции" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Действия </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8"><span>Преглед</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8&veaction=edit" title="Редактиране на страницата [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Редактиране</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8&action=edit" title="Редактиране на изходния код на страницата [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Редактиране на кода</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8&action=history"><span>История</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Основни </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Списък на всички страници, сочещи насам [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Какво сочи насам</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8" rel="nofollow" title="Последните промени на страници, сочени от тази страница [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Свързани промени</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/MediaWiki:Uploadtext" title="Качи файлове [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Качване на файл</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Списък на всички специални страници [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Специални страници</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8&oldid=12392812" title="Постоянна препратка към тази версия на страницата"><span>Постоянна препратка</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8&action=info" title="Повече за тази страница"><span>Информация за страницата</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&page=%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8&id=12392812&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Информация за начините за цитиране на тази страница"><span>Цитиране на статията</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbg.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%259E%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE-%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D1%2583%25D0%25BA%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8_%25D0%25BF%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D1%2586%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8"><span>Кратък URL адрес</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbg.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%259E%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE-%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D1%2583%25D0%25BA%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8_%25D0%25BF%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D1%2586%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8"><span>Изтегляне на QR код</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Отпечатване/изнасяне </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8"><span>Създаване на книга</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8&action=show-download-screen"><span>Изтегляне като PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8&printable=yes" title="Версия за печат на страницата [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Версия за печат</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> В други проекти </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Redox_reactions" hreflang="en"><span>Общомедия</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q82682" title="Препратка към свързания обект от хранилището за данни [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Обект в Уикиданни</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Облик"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Облик</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">преместване към страничната лента</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">скриване</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">от Уикипедия, свободната енциклопедия</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(пренасочване от <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Окисление">Окисление</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="bg" dir="ltr"><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-serious" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/40px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/60px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/80px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">За информацията в тази статия или раздел <b>не са <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Уикипедия:Цитиране на източници">посочени източници</a>.</b> Въпросната информация може да е непълна, неточна или изцяло невярна.<br />Имайте предвид, че това може да стане причина за <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Уикипедия:Изтриване на страници и файлове">изтриването</a> на цялата статия или раздел.<span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Nuvola_apps_important.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Nuvola_apps_important.svg/40px-Nuvola_apps_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Nuvola_apps_important.svg/60px-Nuvola_apps_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Nuvola_apps_important.svg/80px-Nuvola_apps_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Окислително-редукционните процеси</b> (наричани също <b>редокс</b>, съкр. от <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Английски език">английски</a>: <span lang="en" dir="ltr" style="font-style:italic">redox</span>, от <b>red</b>uction-<b>ox</b>idation — редукция-окисление) представляват <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Химична реакция">химична реакция</a>, при която се променя <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Степента на окисление">степента на окисление</a> на <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Атом">атоми</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Йон">йони</a> поради преход на електрони. </p><p>Такива са например процесите на взаимодействие на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Магнезий">магнезий</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Кислород">кислород</a> или на калиев бромид и хлорна вода. Те се изразяват със следните уравнения: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2Mg^0 + O2^{0}-> 2Mg^{+2}O^{-2}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mtext>Mg</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mtext>Mg</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2Mg^0 + O2^{0}-> 2Mg^{+2}O^{-2}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/93f30cbe6ee396c91ec1714dbc9f276a095799fe" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:28.013ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2Mg^0 + O2^{0}-> 2Mg^{+2}O^{-2}}}}"></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2K^{+1}Br^{-1}{}+ Cl2^{0}-> 2K^{+1}Cl^{-1}{}+ Br2^{0}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mtext>K</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mtext>Br</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>Cl</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mtext>K</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mtext>Cl</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>Br</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2K^{+1}Br^{-1}{}+ Cl2^{0}-> 2K^{+1}Cl^{-1}{}+ Br2^{0}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/722ab258caa57de25c9b95b2829656f61e4aa67d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:38.696ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2K^{+1}Br^{-1}{}+ Cl2^{0}-> 2K^{+1}Cl^{-1}{}+ Br2^{0}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>В тях са записани и степените на окисление (горе) на елементите. Вижда се, че в първия процес магнезият повишава степента си на окисление от нулева на +2, а кислородът понижава степента си на окисление от 0 до -2. Във втория процес хлорът понижава степента си на окисление от 0 до -1, а бромидните йони я повишават от -1 до 0. Промяната в степените на окисление в тези примери е резултат от преход на <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Електрон">електрони</a>. </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2Mg^0{}{-}2*2e^- -> 2Mg^{+2}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mtext>Mg</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>⋅</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mtext>e</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mtext>Mg</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2Mg^0{}{-}2*2e^- -> 2Mg^{+2}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/67dc8a365990eee25e39f39c70771e6e13ef7e7c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:27.298ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2Mg^0{}{-}2*2e^- -> 2Mg^{+2}}}}"></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2O^0{}+ 2*2e^- -> 2O^{-2}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>⋅</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mtext>e</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2O^0{}+ 2*2e^- -> 2O^{-2}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/50cfb3525397ec51e39010ab99b57c48a492a9b8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:25.36ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2O^0{}+ 2*2e^- -> 2O^{-2}}}}"></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2Br^{-}{}{-}2*1e^- -> 2Br^0 -> Br2^0}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mtext>Br</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>⋅</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mtext>e</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mtext>Br</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>Br</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2Br^{-}{}{-}2*1e^- -> 2Br^0 -> Br2^0}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/229553e4da25be600dad17f3efa5b937684ad4a3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:33.711ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2Br^{-}{}{-}2*1e^- -> 2Br^0 -> Br2^0}}}"></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2Cl^0{}+ 2*1e^- -> 2Cl^-}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mtext>Cl</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>⋅</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mtext>e</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mtext>Cl</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2Cl^0{}+ 2*1e^- -> 2Cl^-}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/42d3408fdf3c5cbf745d9ae1fd4cc85fa98eb2ba" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:25.572ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2Cl^0{}+ 2*1e^- -> 2Cl^-}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Атомите и йоните, които при <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Химична реакция">химичните реакции</a> отдават електрони и повишават степента си на окисление, се наричат <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Химичен редуктор (страницата не съществува)">редуктори</a>. В случая редуктори са магнезиевите атоми Mg и бромидните аниони Br<sup>-</sup> </p><p>Тези, които приемат електрони и понижават степента си на окисление се наричат <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Окислител">окислители</a>. В разгледания случай това са атомите на кислорода и на хлора. </p><p>Процесите се наричат съответно <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Окисление">окисление</a> и редукция. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Окислително-редукционни_процеси_в_разтвори_на_електролити"><span id=".D0.9E.D0.BA.D0.B8.D1.81.D0.BB.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.BD.D0.BE-.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.B4.D1.83.D0.BA.D1.86.D0.B8.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.BE.D1.86.D0.B5.D1.81.D0.B8_.D0.B2_.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.B7.D1.82.D0.B2.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B8_.D0.BD.D0.B0_.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BA.D1.82.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B8"></span>Окислително-редукционни процеси в разтвори на електролити</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Редактиране на раздел: Окислително-редукционни процеси в разтвори на електролити" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Окислително-редукционни процеси в разтвори на електролити"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Разтворите на <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Електролити">електролити</a> могат да участват в окислително-редукционни процеси. Ако една желязна пластина бъде потопена в разтвор на сребърен хлорид, тя се разтваря с протичането на следната реакция: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Fe^0 + 2Ag^{+1}Cl^{-1}-> Fe^{+2}Cl2^{+1}{}+ 2Ag^0}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext>Fe</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mtext>Ag</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mtext>Cl</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msup> <mtext>Fe</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msubsup> <mtext>Cl</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mtext>Ag</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Fe^0 + 2Ag^{+1}Cl^{-1}-> Fe^{+2}Cl2^{+1}{}+ 2Ag^0}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b8a5bb7848d45233a32c5c816fccd631c2a5b68d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:40.877ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {Fe^0 + 2Ag^{+1}Cl^{-1}-> Fe^{+2}Cl2^{+1}{}+ 2Ag^0}}}"></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Fe^0 {-}2e^- -> Fe^{+2}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext>Fe</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mtext>e</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msup> <mtext>Fe</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Fe^0 {-}2e^- -> Fe^{+2}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/15fa5100f750e0c3114dba7ff447eb0afcb3cb73" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:19.484ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {Fe^0 {-}2e^- -> Fe^{+2}}}}"></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2Ag^{+1}{}+ 2e^- -> 2Ag^0}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mtext>Ag</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mtext>e</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mtext>Ag</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2Ag^{+1}{}+ 2e^- -> 2Ag^0}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9142c0e6a9502a26af2ce0b256dc803036890ad8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:24.326ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2Ag^{+1}{}+ 2e^- -> 2Ag^0}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Железният атом трудно задържа валентните си електрони и ги отдава на среброто, превръщайки се в йон. Среброто от йони се превръща в просто вещество, отделящо се върху пластинката. </p><p>В този пример желязото е по-силен редуктор от среброто и може да го измества от разтвори на негови соли. </p><p>За улеснение при писането на окислително-редукционни процеси е създаден ред на относителна активност на металите (РОАМ). В него е сравнена редукционната активност на някои метали: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {K, Ca, Na, Mg, Al, Zn, Fe, Ni, Sn, Pb, H, Cu, Hg, Ag, Au}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>K</mtext> <mo>,</mo> <mtext>Ca</mtext> <mo>,</mo> <mtext>Na</mtext> <mo>,</mo> <mtext>Mg</mtext> <mo>,</mo> <mtext>Al</mtext> <mo>,</mo> <mtext>Zn</mtext> <mo>,</mo> <mtext>Fe</mtext> <mo>,</mo> <mtext>Ni</mtext> <mo>,</mo> <mtext>Sn</mtext> <mo>,</mo> <mtext>Pb</mtext> <mo>,</mo> <mtext>H</mtext> <mo>,</mo> <mtext>Cu</mtext> <mo>,</mo> <mtext>Hg</mtext> <mo>,</mo> <mtext>Ag</mtext> <mo>,</mo> <mtext>Au</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {K, Ca, Na, Mg, Al, Zn, Fe, Ni, Sn, Pb, H, Cu, Hg, Ag, Au}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7d812dda8037f4b4cb1fc4f3cadadb663b877b82" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:54.387ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {K, Ca, Na, Mg, Al, Zn, Fe, Ni, Sn, Pb, H, Cu, Hg, Ag, Au}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Редукционната активност намалява от ляво надясно. Ясно се вижда желязото, което е много по-силен редуктор от среброто. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Правила_за_определяне_на_степен_на_окисление"><span id=".D0.9F.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.B2.D0.B8.D0.BB.D0.B0_.D0.B7.D0.B0_.D0.BE.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.B4.D0.B5.D0.BB.D1.8F.D0.BD.D0.B5_.D0.BD.D0.B0_.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BF.D0.B5.D0.BD_.D0.BD.D0.B0_.D0.BE.D0.BA.D0.B8.D1.81.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B5"></span>Правила за определяне на степен на окисление</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Редактиране на раздел: Правила за определяне на степен на окисление" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Правила за определяне на степен на окисление"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Простите вещества имат нулева степен на окисление. Пример: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {O^0, Cl^0, Na^0}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>,</mo> <msup> <mtext>Cl</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>,</mo> <msup> <mtext>Na</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {O^0, Cl^0, Na^0}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c2234102d028a32009b4ecde7526df6b3140191a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:12.269ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {O^0, Cl^0, Na^0}}}"></span> и т.н.</li></ul> <p>В уравнение: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2Na^0 + Cl_2^0 -> 2Na^+Cl^-}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mtext>Na</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>Cl</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mtext>Na</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mtext>Cl</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2Na^0 + Cl_2^0 -> 2Na^+Cl^-}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f7c5f2521fb7937314c5f1a2b9e89979e4723718" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:26.626ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2Na^0 + Cl_2^0 -> 2Na^+Cl^-}}}"></span> </p> <ul><li>Металите от А групите имат положителна степен на окисление, която обикновено съвпада с номера на група, в която се намира съответният метал. Пример: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Na^+, Ca^{+2}, Al^{+3}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext>Na</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>,</mo> <msup> <mtext>Ca</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>,</mo> <msup> <mtext>Al</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Na^+, Ca^{+2}, Al^{+3}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b75f7fd765cea0d1bd2f33d80bf4633a61705dea" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:16.38ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {Na^+, Ca^{+2}, Al^{+3}}}}"></span> и т.н</li> <li>Висшата степен на окисление съвпада с номера на групата, в която се намира елемента.</li> <li>Кислородът <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {O_2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {O_2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9a6066f63c61e0f0f84fa557e5d5f2e55bbf955d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.862ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {O_2}}}"></span> има -2 степен на окисление – <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {O^{-2}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {O^{-2}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/098c216f792dac12d34b682f9da3c54e2a5d01ed" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:4.141ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {O^{-2}}}}"></span>. Изключение прави в оксида на флуора <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {O^{+2}F_{2}^{-1}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msubsup> <mtext>F</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {O^{+2}F_{2}^{-1}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2ea6a2e33c610d0e03a2d4b2c388bdac78e1229e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:7.992ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {O^{+2}F_{2}^{-1}}}}"></span> и пероксидите на I, II A група – примери: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {H^{+1}_2O^{-1}_2, Na^{+1}_2O^{-1}_2, Ca^{+2}O^{-1}_2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>,</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>Na</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>,</mo> <msup> <mtext>Ca</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {H^{+1}_2O^{-1}_2, Na^{+1}_2O^{-1}_2, Ca^{+2}O^{-1}_2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/031fc16ea982eb06eaa71e59509c07d00a39b90f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:28.978ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {H^{+1}_2O^{-1}_2, Na^{+1}_2O^{-1}_2, Ca^{+2}O^{-1}_2}}}"></span>.</li> <li>Водородът <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {H_2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {H_2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/47eff53b325ce9d8ead5dbec9a503e95b8eff109" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.797ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {H_2}}}"></span> има +1 степен на окисление – <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {H^{+1}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {H^{+1}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e1b94c9a4ff50726491c071ac90ef0028c8689ae" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:4.076ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {H^{+1}}}}"></span>. Изключение правят хидридите <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Na^{+1}H^{-1}, Ca^{+2}H^{-1}_2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext>Na</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>,</mo> <msup> <mtext>Ca</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Na^{+1}H^{-1}, Ca^{+2}H^{-1}_2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/011485d795834f9715c70f33da227bf01676be4e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:19.597ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {Na^{+1}H^{-1}, Ca^{+2}H^{-1}_2}}}"></span> и т.н.</li> <li>Алгебричната сума от степените на окисление на изграждащите съединението елементи е равна на 0. Например <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {H_2^{+1}S^{+6}O_4^{-2}, Na^{+1}Cl^{-1}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <msup> <mtext>S</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>,</mo> <msup> <mtext>Na</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mtext>Cl</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {H_2^{+1}S^{+6}O_4^{-2}, Na^{+1}Cl^{-1}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3b65b7c930499754872a58ae689f905e23ffa0ef" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:22.772ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {H_2^{+1}S^{+6}O_4^{-2}, Na^{+1}Cl^{-1}}}}"></span> и т.н.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Взето от „<a dir="ltr" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Окислително-редукционни_процеси&oldid=12392812">https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Окислително-редукционни_процеси&oldid=12392812</a>“.</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Специални:Категории">Категория</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Категория:Химични реакции">Химични реакции</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Скрита категория: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Категория:Статии без посочени източници">Статии без посочени източници</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Последната промяна на страницата е извършена на 21 октомври 2024 г. в 18:24 ч.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Текстът е достъпен под лиценза <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.bg">Creative Commons Признание-Споделяне на споделеното</a>; може да са приложени допълнителни условия. 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