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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biodiversity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biodiversity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Biodiversity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biodiversity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Government and politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government and politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legislative_assembly" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_assembly"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Legislative assembly</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_assembly-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subdivisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subdivisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Subdivisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subdivisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Macro-economic_trend" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Macro-economic_trend"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Macro-economic trend</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Macro-economic_trend-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industrial_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrial_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Industrial development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrial_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seaports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seaports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Seaports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seaports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Railways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literacy_and_Socioeconomic_Indicators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literacy_and_Socioeconomic_Indicators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Literacy and Socioeconomic Indicators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literacy_and_Socioeconomic_Indicators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_and_Vital_Statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_and_Vital_Statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Health and Vital Statistics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_and_Vital_Statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Decadal_variations_among_religious_communities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decadal_variations_among_religious_communities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.1</span> <span>Decadal variations among religious communities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decadal_variations_among_religious_communities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Dance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Odisha</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 127 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-127" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">127 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Odisha" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orissa" title="Orissa – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Orissa" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A6%E1%8B%B2%E1%88%A3" title="ኦዲሣ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኦዲሣ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="उड़ीसा – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="उड़ीसा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B4%D8%A7" title="أوديشا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أوديشا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE" title="ওড়িশা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ওড়িশা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Odisha" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE" title="ओडिशा – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="ओडिशा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orissa" title="Orissa – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Orissa" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="اودیسا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اودیسا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Odisha" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE" title="ওড়িশা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ওড়িশা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Odisha" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Адыша – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Адыша" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Арыса – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Арыса" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE" title="ओडिशा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ओडिशा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Odisha" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Одиша – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Одиша" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="ཨོ་རི་ས། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཨོ་རི་ས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Odisha" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orissa" title="Orissa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Orissa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Одиша – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Одиша" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_Odisha" title="State of Odisha – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="State of Odisha" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ur%C3%ADsa" title="Urísa – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Urísa" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Odisha" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orissa" title="Orissa – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Orissa" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Odisha" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%AE%DE%83%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%B0%DE%90%DE%A7" title="އޮރިއްސާ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އޮރިއްސާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE" title="उडिशा – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="उडिशा" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Odisha" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Ορίσα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ορίσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Odisha" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odi%C5%9Do" title="Odiŝo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Odiŝo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Odisha" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="اودیسا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اودیسا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Odisha" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Odisha" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Odisha" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Odisha" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E9%87%8C%E8%90%A8%E9%82%A6" title="奥里萨邦 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="奥里萨邦" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%91%E0%AA%A1%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%BE" title="ઑડિશા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઑડિશા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="ओरिसा – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="ओरिसा" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orissa" title="Orissa – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Orissa" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EB%94%94%EC%83%A4%EC%A3%BC" title="오디샤주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오디샤주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Odisha" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%B7%D5%A1_(%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3)" title="Օդիշա (նահանգ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օդիշա (նահանգ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE" title="ओडिशा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ओडिशा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orissa" title="Orissa – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Orissa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Odisha" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE" title="ওড়িশা – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ওড়িশা" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Odisha" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Odisha" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88%C3%A6" title="Одишæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Одишæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Odisha" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orissa" title="Orissa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Orissa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%94" title="אודישה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אודישה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Odisha" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%92%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE" title="ಒರಿಸ್ಸಾ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಒರಿಸ್ಸಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orissa" title="Orissa – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Orissa" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90" title="ოდიშა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ოდიშა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%88%D9%90%D8%B4%D8%A7" title="اوڈِشا – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="اوڈِشا" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orissa" title="Orissa – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Orissa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Орисса – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Орисса" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odisa" title="Odisa – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Odisa" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odi%C5%A1a" title="Odiša – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Odiša" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orisa" title="Orisa – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Orisa" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orisza" title="Orisza – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Orisza" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE" title="ओडिशा – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="ओडिशा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Одиша – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Одиша" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Odisha" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%92%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7" title="ഒഡീഷ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഒഡീഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE" title="ओडिशा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ओडिशा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90" title="ოდიშა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ოდიშა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7" title="اودیشا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اودیشا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Odisha" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯑꯣꯔꯤꯁꯥ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯣꯔꯤꯁꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Odisha" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Одиша – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Одиша" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A9%E1%80%8B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="ဩဋိသာပြည်နယ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဩဋိသာပြည်နယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Odisha" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE" title="ओडिशा – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ओडिशा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE" title="ओडिशा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ओडिशा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%82%B5%E5%B7%9E" title="オリッサ州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オリッサ州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Орисса – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Орисса" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Odisha" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Odisha" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Odisha" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Odisha" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%93%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B6%E0%AC%BE" title="ଓଡ଼ିଶା – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଓଡ଼ିଶା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orissa" title="Orissa – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Orissa" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਓਡੀਸ਼ਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਓਡੀਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%91%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="اوڑیسا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اوڑیسا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%93%DB%90%D8%B4%D9%87" title="اوړېشه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اوړېشه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orisa" title="Orisa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Orisa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orissa" title="Orissa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Orissa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Odisha" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Одиша – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Одиша" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="ओडिशाराज्यम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="ओडिशाराज्यम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Odisha" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orissa" title="Orissa – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Orissa" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%94%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F" title="ඔයිෂා – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඔයිෂා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Odisha" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%99%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="اوڙيسا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اوڙيسا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ur%C3%ADsa" title="Urísa – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Urísa" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Одиша – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Одиша" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odi%C5%A1a" title="Odiša – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Odiša" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Odisha" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Odisha" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Odisha" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE" title="ஒடிசா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஒடிசா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Одиша – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Одиша" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%92%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE" title="ఒడిశా – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఒడిశా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%91%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2" title="รัฐโอฑิศา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐโอฑิศา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Орисса – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Орисса" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%92%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE" title="ಒಡಿಶಾ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಒಡಿಶಾ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orissa" title="Orissa – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Orissa" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Одіша – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Одіша" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%88%D9%8A%D8%B4%D8%A7" title="اڈيشا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اڈيشا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orissa" title="Orissa – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Orissa" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Odisha" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orissa" title="Orissa – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Orissa" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E9%87%8C%E8%90%A8%E9%82%A6" title="奥里萨邦 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="奥里萨邦" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%90" title="אדישא – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אדישא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orissa_(India)" title="Orissa (India) – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Orissa (India)" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E9%87%8C%E8%96%A9%E9%82%A6" title="奧里薩邦 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="奧里薩邦" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E8%BF%AA%E6%B2%99%E9%82%A6" title="奥迪沙邦 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="奥迪沙邦" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q22048#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Odisha" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Odisha&params=20.27_N_85.82_E_region:IN-OD_type:adm1st"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">20°16′N</span> <span class="longitude">85°49′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">20.27°N 85.82°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">20.27; 85.82</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-indicator-fr-review-status" class="mw-indicator"><indicator name="fr-review-status" class="mw-fr-review-status-indicator" id="mw-fr-revision-toggle"><span class="cdx-fr-css-icon-review--status--stable"></span><b>Checked</b></indicator></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-autoreview" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a 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style="display:none;"><div tabindex="0"></div><div class="cdx-dialog cdx-dialog--horizontal-actions"><header class="cdx-dialog__header cdx-dialog__header--default"><div class="cdx-dialog__header__title-group"><h2 class="cdx-dialog__header__title">Page version status</h2><p class="cdx-dialog__header__subtitle">This is an accepted version of this page</p></div><button class="cdx-button cdx-button--action-default cdx-button--weight-quiet
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							cdx-fr-css-icon--close"></span></button></header><div class="cdx-dialog__body">This is the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes" title="Wikipedia:Pending changes">latest accepted revision</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=review&page=Odisha">reviewed</a> on <i>2 December 2024</i>.</div></div><div tabindex="0"></div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State in Eastern India</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the state of India. For the flowering plant, see <a href="/wiki/Odisha_cleistantha" title="Odisha cleistantha">Odisha cleistantha</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Odisha_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Odisha (disambiguation)">Odisha (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Orissa" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Orissa_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Orissa (disambiguation)">Orissa (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State in East India, India</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Odisha</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">State</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">State of Odisha</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="background-color:black;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid black;width:290px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:2px 0 0 2px"><div style="display:table;background-color:black;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Konarka_Temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Konarka_Temple.jpg/144px-Konarka_Temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Konarka_Temple.jpg/216px-Konarka_Temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Konarka_Temple.jpg/288px-Konarka_Temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1366" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shri_Jagannatha_Temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Shri_Jagannatha_Temple.jpg/144px-Shri_Jagannatha_Temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Shri_Jagannatha_Temple.jpg/216px-Shri_Jagannatha_Temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Shri_Jagannatha_Temple.jpg/288px-Shri_Jagannatha_Temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5568" data-file-height="3712" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:black;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Deomali.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Deomali.jpg/144px-Deomali.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Deomali.jpg/216px-Deomali.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Deomali.jpg/288px-Deomali.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RSP_Administrative_Building.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/RSP_Administrative_Building.png/144px-RSP_Administrative_Building.png" decoding="async" width="144" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/RSP_Administrative_Building.png/216px-RSP_Administrative_Building.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/RSP_Administrative_Building.png/288px-RSP_Administrative_Building.png 2x" data-file-width="1360" data-file-height="1020" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:black;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1_Mahanadi_River_near_Satkosia_Tiger_Reserve_Tikarpara_India_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/1_Mahanadi_River_near_Satkosia_Tiger_Reserve_Tikarpara_India_2012.jpg/144px-1_Mahanadi_River_near_Satkosia_Tiger_Reserve_Tikarpara_India_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/1_Mahanadi_River_near_Satkosia_Tiger_Reserve_Tikarpara_India_2012.jpg/216px-1_Mahanadi_River_near_Satkosia_Tiger_Reserve_Tikarpara_India_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/1_Mahanadi_River_near_Satkosia_Tiger_Reserve_Tikarpara_India_2012.jpg/288px-1_Mahanadi_River_near_Satkosia_Tiger_Reserve_Tikarpara_India_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Beautiful_Sunrise.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Beautiful_Sunrise.jpg/144px-Beautiful_Sunrise.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Beautiful_Sunrise.jpg/216px-Beautiful_Sunrise.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Beautiful_Sunrise.jpg/288px-Beautiful_Sunrise.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:black;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chilika_Lake_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Chilika_Lake_4.jpg/144px-Chilika_Lake_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Chilika_Lake_4.jpg/216px-Chilika_Lake_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Chilika_Lake_4.jpg/288px-Chilika_Lake_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2696" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ratnagiri_ei3-29.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Ratnagiri_ei3-29.jpg/144px-Ratnagiri_ei3-29.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Ratnagiri_ei3-29.jpg/216px-Ratnagiri_ei3-29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Ratnagiri_ei3-29.jpg/288px-Ratnagiri_ei3-29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="1635" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:black;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Leaning_Temple_%26_gate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Leaning_Temple_%26_gate.jpg/144px-Leaning_Temple_%26_gate.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Leaning_Temple_%26_gate.jpg/216px-Leaning_Temple_%26_gate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Leaning_Temple_%26_gate.jpg/288px-Leaning_Temple_%26_gate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2268" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sishupalgarh_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Sishupalgarh_2.jpg/144px-Sishupalgarh_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Sishupalgarh_2.jpg/216px-Sishupalgarh_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Sishupalgarh_2.jpg/288px-Sishupalgarh_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption"><b>Zigzag from Top-left:</b> <a href="/wiki/Konark_Sun_Temple" title="Konark Sun Temple">Konark Sun Temple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jagannath_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Jagannath Temple">Jagannath Temple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deomali_(mountain)" title="Deomali (mountain)">Deomali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rourkela_Steel_Plant" title="Rourkela Steel Plant">Rourkela Steel Plant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahanadi" title="Mahanadi">Mahanadi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simlipal_National_Park" title="Simlipal National Park">Simlipal National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chilika_Lake" title="Chilika Lake">Chilika Lake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ratnagiri,_Odisha" title="Ratnagiri, Odisha">Ratnagiri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leaning_Temple_of_Huma" title="Leaning Temple of Huma">Leaning Temple of Huma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sisupalgarh" title="Sisupalgarh">Sisupalgarh</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Odisha.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Odisha"><img alt="Official emblem of Odisha" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Seal_of_Odisha.svg/125px-Seal_of_Odisha.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Seal_of_Odisha.svg/188px-Seal_of_Odisha.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Seal_of_Odisha.svg/250px-Seal_of_Odisha.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="298" data-file-height="335" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Odisha" title="Emblem of Odisha">Emblem of Odisha</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Etymology: Land of <a href="/wiki/Odia_people" title="Odia people">Odias</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Soul of India<br />India’s Best Kept Secret</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_mottos" title="List of Indian state mottos">Motto</a>: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><a href="/wiki/Satyameva_Jayate" title="Satyameva Jayate">Satyameva Jayate</a> (Truth alone triumphs)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_songs" title="List of Indian state songs">Anthem:</a> <a href="/wiki/Bande_Utkala_Janani" title="Bande Utkala Janani">Bandē Utkaḷa Jananī</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(I Adore Thee, O Mother Utkala)<br /><br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="142" data-mwtitle="Bande_Utkala_Janani_Odia.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Bande_Utkala_Janani_Odia.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4a/Bande_Utkala_Janani_Odia.ogg/Bande_Utkala_Janani_Odia.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IN-OD.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Odisha in India"><img alt="The map of India showing Odisha" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/IN-OD.svg/300px-IN-OD.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/IN-OD.svg/450px-IN-OD.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/IN-OD.svg/600px-IN-OD.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="583" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Odisha in India</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Odisha&params=20.27_N_85.82_E_region:IN-OD_type:adm1st"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">20°16′N</span> <span class="longitude">85°49′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">20.27°N 85.82°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">20.27; 85.82</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Administrative divisions of India">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/East_India" title="East India">East India</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="height:0px"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Before was</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Orissa_Province" title="Orissa Province">Orissa Province</a></td></tr><tr class="[[Orissa Province]] mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_foundation_days" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian state foundation days">Formation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1 April 1936<span class="noprint">; 88 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1936-04-01</span>)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Utkala_Dibasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Utkala Dibasa">Utkala Dibasa</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India" title="List of state and union territory capitals in India">Capital</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar">Bhubaneswar</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_India_by_population" title="List of cities in India by population">Largest city</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar">Bhubaneswar</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_in_India" title="List of districts in India">Districts</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Odisha" title="List of districts of Odisha">30 (3 divisions)</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Odisha" title="Government of Odisha">Government of Odisha</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Odisha" title="List of governors of Odisha">Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Raghubar_Das" title="Raghubar Das">Raghubar Das</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Odisha" title="List of chief ministers of Odisha">Chief minister</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Charan_Majhi" title="Mohan Charan Majhi">Mohan Charan Majhi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_deputy_chief_ministers_of_Odisha" title="List of deputy chief ministers of Odisha">Deputy chief minister</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kanak_Vardhan_Singh_Deo" title="Kanak Vardhan Singh Deo">Kanak Vardhan Singh Deo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a>) <br /><a href="/wiki/Pravati_Parida" title="Pravati Parida">Pravati Parida</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/State_Legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="State Legislature">State Legislature</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><b>Unicameral</b></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/State_legislative_assemblies_of_India" title="State legislative assemblies of India">Assembly</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Odisha_Legislative_Assembly" title="Odisha Legislative Assembly">Odisha Legislative Assembly</a> (<a href="/wiki/Odisha_Legislative_Assembly" title="Odisha Legislative Assembly">147 seats</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">National Parliament</th><td class="infobox-data"><b><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament of India</a></b></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_Rajya_Sabha#Odisha" title="List of current members of the Rajya Sabha">10 seats</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_18th_Lok_Sabha#Odisha" title="List of members of the 18th Lok Sabha">21 seats</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/High_courts_of_India" title="High courts of India">High Court</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Odisha_High_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Odisha High Court">Odisha High Court</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">155,707 km<sup>2</sup> (60,119 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_union_territories_of_India_by_area" title="List of states and union territories of India by area">8th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Dimensions<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Length</th><td class="infobox-data">500 km (300 mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Width</th><td class="infobox-data">1,030 km (640 mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-Socio-economic_cover_page_of_Rural_India_(series_II).:_Eastern_India_(Orissa,_Jharkhand,_West_Bengal,_Bihar_and_Uttar_Pradesh)_2011_p._73_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Socio-economic_cover_page_of_Rural_India_(series_II).:_Eastern_India_(Orissa,_Jharkhand,_West_Bengal,_Bihar_and_Uttar_Pradesh)_2011_p._73-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">900 m (3,000 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/Deomali_(mountain)" title="Deomali (mountain)">Deomali</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,672 m (5,486 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">−1 m (−3 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2011)<sup id="cite_ref-CensusIndia2011PCA12018_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CensusIndia2011PCA12018-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Neutral increase"><img alt="Neutral increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/11px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/17px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/22px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /></span></span> 41,974,218</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_union_territories_of_India_by_population" title="List of states and union territories of India by population">11th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">269/km<sup>2</sup> (700/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">16.69%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rural<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">83.31%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Odia_people" title="Odia people">Odia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Language<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Languages_with_official_status_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages with official status in India">Official</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a><sup id="cite_ref-nclmanurep2010_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nclmanurep2010-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Official_scripts_of_the_Indian_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Official scripts of the Indian Republic">Official script</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Odia_script" title="Odia script">Odia script</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-MOSPI_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOSPI-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2023–24)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span><span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">₹</a></span>8.65 trillion</span> (US$100 billion)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_GDP" title="List of Indian states and union territories by GDP">14th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>161,437</span> (US$1,900) (2023-24) <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_GDP_per_capita" title="List of Indian states and union territories by GDP per capita">21st</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B05:30" title="UTC+05:30">UTC+05:30</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:IN" title="ISO 3166-2:IN">IN-OD<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"></sup></a><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Regional_Transport_Office_districts_in_India" title="List of Regional Transport Office districts in India">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">OD<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2018)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>0.649 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#fc0">Medium</span><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Indian states and union territories by Human Development Index">29th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Literacy" title="Literacy">Literacy</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2023)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 75.15%<sup id="cite_ref-CensusLiteracy_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CensusLiteracy-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_literacy_rate" title="List of Indian states and union territories by literacy rate">25th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sex_ratio" title="Sex ratio">Sex ratio</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2023)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">1063<a href="/wiki/Female" title="Female">♀</a>/1000 <a href="/wiki/Male" title="Male">♂</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_union_territories_of_India_by_sex_ratio" title="List of states and union territories of India by sex ratio">18th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://odisha.gov.in">odisha<wbr />.gov<wbr />.in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1141396924">.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-none{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-center{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-title{font-size:120%}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-subheader{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cddeff}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-island{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cef2e0}</style></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Symbols of Odisha</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Odisha.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Seal_of_Odisha.svg/80px-Seal_of_Odisha.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Seal_of_Odisha.svg/120px-Seal_of_Odisha.svg.png 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/><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="142" data-mwtitle="Bande_Utkala_Janani_Odia.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Bande_Utkala_Janani_Odia.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4a/Bande_Utkala_Janani_Odia.ogg/Bande_Utkala_Janani_Odia.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_foundation_days" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian state foundation days">Foundation day</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Utkala_Dibasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Utkala Dibasa">Utkala Dibasa</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_birds" title="List of Indian state birds">Bird</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indian_roller" title="Indian roller">Indian roller</a><sup id="cite_ref-The_Times_of_India_2017_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Times_of_India_2017-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fish</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tor_tor" title="Tor tor">Mahanadi mahseer</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_flowers" title="List of Indian state flowers">Flower</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saraca_asoca" title="Saraca asoca">Asoka</a><sup id="cite_ref-Orissareview_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Orissareview-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_animals" title="List of Indian state animals">Mammal</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sambar_deer" title="Sambar deer">Sambar</a><sup id="cite_ref-Orissareview_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Orissareview-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_trees" title="List of Indian state trees">Tree</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ficus_religiosa" title="Ficus religiosa">Sacred Fig</a><sup id="cite_ref-Orissareview_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Orissareview-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>State highway mark</b></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SH_IN-OR.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/SH_IN-OR.png/90px-SH_IN-OR.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/SH_IN-OR.png/135px-SH_IN-OR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/SH_IN-OR.png/180px-SH_IN-OR.png 2x" data-file-width="1538" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">State highway of Odisha <br /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_state_highways_in_Odisha" title="List of state highways in Odisha">OD SH1 – OD SH57</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_symbols" title="List of Indian state symbols">List of Indian state symbols</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Odisha</b> (<small>English</small>: <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Odia:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="or-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Odia" title="Help:IPA/Odia">[oɽiˈsa]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget 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class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Or-%E0%AC%93%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B6%E0%AC%BE.oga" title="File:Or-ଓଡ଼ିଶା.oga">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>), formerly <b>Orissa</b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_renamed_places_in_India" title="List of renamed places in India">the official name until 2011</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">Indian state</a> located in <a href="/wiki/East_India" title="East India">Eastern India</a>. It is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_union_territories_of_India_by_area" title="List of states and union territories of India by area">eighth-largest state by area</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_union_territories_of_India_by_population" title="List of states and union territories of India by population">eleventh-largest by population</a>, with over 41 million inhabitants. The state also has the third-largest population of <a href="/wiki/Scheduled_Castes_and_Scheduled_Tribes" title="Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes">Scheduled Tribes</a> in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It neighbours the states of <a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a> to the north, <a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a> to the west, and <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a> to the south. Odisha has a <a href="/wiki/Coastline" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastline">coastline</a> of 485 kilometres (301 mi) along the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-CoastalSecurity_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CoastalSecurity-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The region is also known as <b>Utkaḷa</b> and is mentioned by this name in India's national anthem, <a href="/wiki/Jana_Gana_Mana" title="Jana Gana Mana">Jana Gana Mana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NationalAnthem_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NationalAnthem-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The language of Odisha is <a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a>, which is one of the <a href="/wiki/Classical_languages_of_India" title="Classical languages of India">Classical languages of India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ancient kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Kalinga_(historical_region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalinga (historical region)">Kalinga</a>, which was invaded by the <a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Mauryan</a> Emperor <a href="/wiki/Ashoka" title="Ashoka">Ashoka</a> in 261 BCE resulting in the <a href="/wiki/Kalinga_War" title="Kalinga War">Kalinga War</a>, coincides with the borders of modern-day Odisha.<sup id="cite_ref-GovHistory_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GovHistory-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The modern boundaries of Odisha were demarcated by the <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British Indian</a> government, the <a href="/wiki/Orissa_Province" title="Orissa Province">Orissa Province</a> was established on 1 April 1936, consisting of the Odia-speaking districts of <a href="/wiki/Bihar_and_Orissa_Province" title="Bihar and Orissa Province">Bihar and Orissa Province</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madras_Presidency" title="Madras Presidency">Madras Presidency</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_Provinces" title="Central Provinces">Central Provinces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GovHistory_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GovHistory-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Odisha_Day" title="Odisha Day">Utkala Dibasa</a> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Odisha Day</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) is celebrated on 1 April.<sup id="cite_ref-FlavoursOfOdisha_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FlavoursOfOdisha-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cuttack" title="Cuttack">Cuttack</a> was made the capital of the region by <a href="/wiki/Anantavarman_Chodaganga" title="Anantavarman Chodaganga">Anantavarman Chodaganga</a> in <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1135</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-Chakraborty1985_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chakraborty1985-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after which the city was used as the capital by many rulers, through the British era until 1948. Thereafter, <a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar">Bhubaneswar</a> became the capital of Odisha.<sup id="cite_ref-Kalia1994_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kalia1994-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The economy of Odisha is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_GDP" title="List of Indian states and union territories by GDP"><u>15th-largest</u> state economy</a> in India with <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">₹</a></span>5.86 trillion</span> (US$70 billion) in gross domestic product and a per capita GDP of <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>127,383</span> (US$1,500).<sup id="cite_ref-MOSPI_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOSPI-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Odisha ranks <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Indian states and union territories by Human Development Index">32nd</a> among Indian states in <a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">Human Development Index</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-snhdi-gdl_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snhdi-gdl-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odisha&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Odisha#Historical_names_of_Odisha" title="History of Odisha">History of Odisha § Historical names of Odisha</a></div> <p>The terms <i>Odisha</i> and <i>Orissa</i> (<a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a>: <span lang="or">ଓଡ଼ିଶା</span>, <i>Oṛissa</i>) derive from the ancient <a href="/wiki/Prakrit" title="Prakrit">Prakrit</a> word <i>"Odda Visaya"</i> (also "<i>Udra Bibhasha</i>" or "<i>Odra Bibhasha</i>") as in the <a href="/wiki/Tirumalai_(Jain_complex)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirumalai (Jain complex)">Tirumalai</a> inscription of <a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Chola_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajendra Chola I">Rajendra Chola I</a>, which is dated to 1025.<sup id="cite_ref-orissareview_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-orissareview-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sarala_Das" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarala Das">Sarala Das</a>, who translated the <i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i> into the <a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia language</a> in the 15th century, calls the region 'Odra Rashtra' as Odisha. The inscriptions of <a href="/wiki/Kapilendra_Deva" title="Kapilendra Deva">Kapilendra Deva</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gajapati_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Gajapati Kingdom">Gajapati Kingdom</a> (1435–67) on the walls of temples in <a href="/wiki/Puri" title="Puri">Puri</a> call the region <i>Odisha</i> or <i>Odisha Rajya</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Acharya2008_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acharya2008-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, the English rendering of <span title="Odia-language text"><span lang="or">ଓଡ଼ିଶା</span></span> was changed from "Orissa" to "Odisha", and the name of its language from "Oriya" to "Odia", by the passage of the <i>Orissa (Alteration of Name) Bill, 2010</i> and the <i>Constitution (113th Amendment) Bill, 2010</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Parliament">Parliament</a>. The Hindi rendering <span title="Hindi-language text"><span lang="hi">उड़ीसा</span></span> (<span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Hindi language) transliteration"><i lang="hi-Latn">uṛīsā</i></span>) was also modified to <span title="Hindi-language text"><span lang="hi">ओड़िशा</span></span> (<span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Hindi language) transliteration"><i lang="hi-Latn">or̥iśā</i></span>). After a brief debate, the lower house, <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a>, passed the bill and amendment on 9 November 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-AmidClashBillPass_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AmidClashBillPass-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 24 March 2011, <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a>, the upper house of <a href="/wiki/Parliament" title="Parliament">Parliament</a>, also passed the bill and the amendment.<sup id="cite_ref-ChangeOrissaName_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChangeOrissaName-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The changes in spelling were made with the intention of having the English and Hindi renditions conform to the Odia transliteration.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the underlying Odia texts were nevertheless transliterated incorrectly as per the <a href="/wiki/Hunterian_transliteration" title="Hunterian transliteration">Hunterian system</a>, the official national transliteration standard, in which the transliterations would be <span title="Hunterian transliteration"><i lang="or-Latn">Orisha</i></span> and <span title="Hunterian transliteration"><i lang="or-Latn">Oria</i></span> instead. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odisha&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Odisha" title="History of Odisha">History of Odisha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Historic_sites_in_Odisha" title="Historic sites in Odisha">Historic sites in Odisha</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Specific_Angel_of_Lingaraj_Temple,_Bhubaneswar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/The_Specific_Angel_of_Lingaraj_Temple%2C_Bhubaneswar.jpg/200px-The_Specific_Angel_of_Lingaraj_Temple%2C_Bhubaneswar.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/The_Specific_Angel_of_Lingaraj_Temple%2C_Bhubaneswar.jpg/300px-The_Specific_Angel_of_Lingaraj_Temple%2C_Bhubaneswar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/The_Specific_Angel_of_Lingaraj_Temple%2C_Bhubaneswar.jpg/400px-The_Specific_Angel_of_Lingaraj_Temple%2C_Bhubaneswar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lingaraja_Temple" title="Lingaraja Temple">Lingaraja Temple</a> built by the Somavanshi king Jajati Keshari</figcaption></figure> <p>Prehistoric <a href="/wiki/Acheulian" class="mw-redirect" title="Acheulian">Acheulian</a> tools dating to <a href="/wiki/Lower_Paleolithic" title="Lower Paleolithic">Lower Paleolithic</a> era have been discovered in various places in the region, implying an early settlement by humans.<sup id="cite_ref-Ghosh2012_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ghosh2012-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kalinga has been mentioned in ancient texts like <i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Vayu_Purana" title="Vayu Purana">Vayu Purana</a></i> and <i>Mahagovinda Suttanta</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-sonofvaruna_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sonofvaruna-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vayu_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vayu-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to political scientist Sudama Misra, the Kalinga <a href="/wiki/Janapada" title="Janapada">janapada</a> originally comprised the area covered by the <a href="/wiki/Puri_district" title="Puri district">Puri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ganjam_district" title="Ganjam district">Ganjam</a> districts.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Sabar_people" title="Sabar people">Sabar people</a> of Odisha have also been mentioned in the Mahabharata.<sup id="cite_ref-DanceBow_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DanceBow-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pati2008_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pati2008-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Baudhayana_sutras" title="Baudhayana sutras">Baudhayana</a> mentions Kalinga as not yet being influenced by <a href="/wiki/Vedic" class="mw-redirect" title="Vedic">Vedic</a> traditions, implying it followed mostly tribal traditions.<sup id="cite_ref-Chatterjee1998_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chatterjee1998-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hathigumpha.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Hathigumpha.JPG/200px-Hathigumpha.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Hathigumpha.JPG/300px-Hathigumpha.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Hathigumpha.JPG/400px-Hathigumpha.JPG 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hathigumpha_inscription" title="Hathigumpha inscription">Hathigumpha</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Udayagiri_and_Khandagiri_Caves" class="mw-redirect" title="Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves">Udayagiri Hills</a> built in <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 150 <span title="Before Common Era">BCE</span></span></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shanti_Stupa,_Dhauli_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Shanti_Stupa%2C_Dhauli_01.jpg/200px-Shanti_Stupa%2C_Dhauli_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Shanti_Stupa%2C_Dhauli_01.jpg/300px-Shanti_Stupa%2C_Dhauli_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Shanti_Stupa%2C_Dhauli_01.jpg/400px-Shanti_Stupa%2C_Dhauli_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5034" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dhauli" title="Dhauli">Shanti Stupa at Dhauli</a> is the location where <a href="/wiki/Kalinga_War" title="Kalinga War">Kalinga War</a> was fought in <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 260 <span title="Before Common Era">BCE</span></span></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Ashoka" title="Ashoka">Ashoka</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Mauryan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauryan">Mauryan</a> dynasty conquered Kalinga in the bloody <a href="/wiki/Kalinga_War" title="Kalinga War">Kalinga War</a> in 261 BCE,<sup id="cite_ref-ashoka_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ashoka-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was the eighth year of his reign.<sup id="cite_ref-Radhakumud1995_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Radhakumud1995-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to his own <a href="/wiki/Edicts" class="mw-redirect" title="Edicts">edicts</a>, in that war about 100,000 people were killed, 150,000 were captured and more were affected.<sup id="cite_ref-ashoka_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ashoka-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The resulting bloodshed and suffering of the war is said to have deeply affected Ashoka. He turned into a pacifist and converted to Buddhism.<sup id="cite_ref-Radhakumud1995_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Radhakumud1995-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sen1999_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sen1999-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By c. 150 BCE, Emperor <a href="/wiki/Kharavela" title="Kharavela">Kharavela</a>, who was possibly a contemporary of <a href="/wiki/Demetrius_I_of_Bactria" title="Demetrius I of Bactria">Demetrius I of Bactria</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Texas2006_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Texas2006-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> conquered a major part of the Indian sub-continent. Kharavela was a <a href="/wiki/Jain" class="mw-redirect" title="Jain">Jain</a> ruler. He also built the monastery atop the <a href="/wiki/Udayagiri_and_Khandagiri_Caves" class="mw-redirect" title="Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves">Udayagiri</a> hill.<sup id="cite_ref-Reddy2006_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reddy2006-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently, the region was ruled by monarchs, such as <a href="/wiki/Samudragupta" title="Samudragupta">Samudragupta</a><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Shashanka" title="Shashanka">Shashanka</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Davidson2013_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davidson2013-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also a part of <a href="/wiki/Harsha" title="Harsha">Harsha</a>'s empire.<sup id="cite_ref-Majumdar1996_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Majumdar1996-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city of <a href="/wiki/Brahmapur,_Odisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmapur, Odisha">Brahmapur</a> in Odisha is also known to have been the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Pauravas" title="Pauravas">Pauravas</a> during the closing years of 4th century CE. Nothing was heard from the Pauravas from about the 3rd century CE, because they were annexed by the <a href="/wiki/Yaudheya" title="Yaudheya">Yaudheya Republic</a>, who in turn submitted to the <a href="/wiki/Mauryans" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauryans">Mauryans</a>. It was only at the end of 4th century CE, that they established royalty at Brahmapur, after about 700 years. </p><p>Later, the kings of the <a href="/wiki/Somava%E1%B9%83%C5%9B%C4%AB_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Somavaṃśī dynasty">Somavamsi</a> dynasty began to unite the region. By the reign of Yayati II, c. 1025 CE, they had integrated the region into a single kingdom. Yayati II is supposed to have built the <a href="/wiki/Lingaraj_temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingaraj temple">Lingaraj temple</a> at <a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar">Bhubaneswar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GovHistory_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GovHistory-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ganga_dynasty" title="Eastern Ganga dynasty">Eastern Ganga dynasty</a>. Notable rulers of the dynasty were <a href="/wiki/Anantavarman_Chodaganga" title="Anantavarman Chodaganga">Anantavarman Chodaganga</a>, who began reconstruction on the present-day Shri <a href="/wiki/Jagannath_Temple,_Puri" title="Jagannath Temple, Puri">Jagannath Temple</a> in <a href="/wiki/Puri" title="Puri">Puri</a> (c. 1135), and <a href="/wiki/Narasimhadeva_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Narasimhadeva I">Narasimhadeva I</a>, who constructed the <a href="/wiki/Konark_temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Konark temple">Konark temple</a> (c. 1250).<sup id="cite_ref-Dalal2014_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dalal2014-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IndianHistory_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndianHistory-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Eastern Ganga Dynasty was followed by the <a href="/wiki/Gajapati_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Gajapati Kingdom">Gajapati Kingdom</a>. The region resisted integration into the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal empire">Mughal empire</a> until 1568, when it was conquered by <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Bengal" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanate of Bengal">Sultanate of Bengal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sen2_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sen2-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mukunda Deva, who is considered the last independent king of Kalinga, was defeated and was killed in battle by a rebel Ramachandra Bhanja. Ramachandra Bhanja himself was killed by <a href="/wiki/Bayazid_Khan_Karrani" title="Bayazid Khan Karrani">Bayazid Khan Karrani</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1591, <a href="/wiki/Man_Singh_I" title="Man Singh I">Man Singh I</a>, then governor of <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a>, led an army to take Odisha from the <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Bengal#Karrani_dynasty_(Mughal_vassals)" title="List of rulers of Bengal">Karranis of Bengal</a>. They agreed to treaty because their leader Qutlu Khan Lohani had recently died. But they then broke the treaty by attacking the temple town of <a href="/wiki/Puri" title="Puri">Puri</a>. Man Singh returned in 1592 and pacified the region.<sup id="cite_ref-O'malley2007_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'malley2007-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1751, the Nawab of Bengal <a href="/wiki/Alivardi_Khan" title="Alivardi Khan">Alivardi Khan</a> ceded the region to the <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Maratha Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GovHistory_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GovHistory-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British</a> had occupied the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Circars" title="Northern Circars">Northern Circars</a>, comprising the southern coast of Odisha, as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Carnatic_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnatic Wars">Second Carnatic War</a> by 1760, and incorporated them into the <a href="/wiki/Madras_Presidency" title="Madras Presidency">Madras Presidency</a> gradually.<sup id="cite_ref-Sen2010_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sen2010-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1803, the British ousted the Marathas from the Puri-Cuttack region of Odisha during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="Second Anglo-Maratha War">Second Anglo-Maratha War</a>. The northern and western districts of Odisha were incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Presidency" title="Bengal Presidency">Bengal Presidency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bandita1992_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bandita1992-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Orissa_famine_of_1866" title="Orissa famine of 1866">Orissa famine of 1866</a> caused an estimated 1 million deaths.<sup id="cite_ref-Dando2012_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dando2012-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following this, large-scale <a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">irrigation</a> projects were undertaken.<sup id="cite_ref-SamalNayak1996_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SamalNayak1996-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1903, the <a href="/wiki/Utkal_Sammilani" title="Utkal Sammilani">Utkal Sammilani</a> organisation was founded to demand the unification of <a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a>-speaking regions into one state.<sup id="cite_ref-PADHY2011_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PADHY2011-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 April 1912, the <a href="/wiki/Bihar_and_Orissa_Province" title="Bihar and Orissa Province">Bihar and Orissa Province</a> was formed.<sup id="cite_ref-Jha2003_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jha2003-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 April 1936, <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a> and Orissa were split into separate provinces.<sup id="cite_ref-Devi1992_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Devi1992-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new <a href="/wiki/Orissa_Province" title="Orissa Province">province of Orissa</a> came into existence on a linguistic basis during the British rule in India, with Sir John Austen Hubback as the first governor.<sup id="cite_ref-Devi1992_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Devi1992-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hubback_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hubback-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following <a href="/wiki/India%27s_independence" class="mw-redirect" title="India's independence">India's independence</a>, on 15 August 1947, 27 <a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">princely states</a> signed the document to join Orissa.<sup id="cite_ref-Krishna2007_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krishna2007-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the <a href="/wiki/Orissa_Tributary_States" title="Orissa Tributary States">Orissa Tributary States</a>, a group of princely states, acceded to Orissa in 1948, after the collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_States_Union" title="Eastern States Union">Eastern States Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odisha&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Odisha" title="Geography of Odisha">Geography of Odisha</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chahata_near_mahanadi_river.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Chahata_near_mahanadi_river.jpg/200px-Chahata_near_mahanadi_river.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Chahata_near_mahanadi_river.jpg/300px-Chahata_near_mahanadi_river.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Chahata_near_mahanadi_river.jpg/400px-Chahata_near_mahanadi_river.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="728" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mahanadi" title="Mahanadi">Mahanadi</a> river near Cuttack</figcaption></figure> <p>Odisha lies between the latitudes 17.780N and 22.730N, and between longitudes 81.37E and 87.53E. The state has an area of 155,707 km<sup>2</sup>, which is 4.87% of total area of India, and a coastline of 450 km.<sup id="cite_ref-GeographyKnowIndia_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GeographyKnowIndia-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the eastern part of the state lies the coastal plain. It extends from the <a href="/wiki/Subarnarekha_River" title="Subarnarekha River">Subarnarekha River</a> in the north to the <a href="/wiki/Rushikulya" class="mw-redirect" title="Rushikulya">Rushikulya</a> River in the south. The lake <a href="/wiki/Chilika" class="mw-redirect" title="Chilika">Chilika</a> is part of the coastal plains. The plains are rich in fertile <a href="/wiki/Silt" title="Silt">silt</a> deposited by the six major rivers flowing into the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a>: <a href="/wiki/Subarnarekha_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Subarnarekha river">Subarnarekha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Budhabalanga" class="mw-redirect" title="Budhabalanga">Budhabalanga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baitarani" class="mw-redirect" title="Baitarani">Baitarani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brahmani_River" title="Brahmani River">Brahmani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahanadi" title="Mahanadi">Mahanadi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rushikulya" class="mw-redirect" title="Rushikulya">Rushikulya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GeographyKnowIndia_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GeographyKnowIndia-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Central_Rice_Research_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Rice Research Institute">Central Rice Research Institute</a> (CRRI), a <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">Food and Agriculture Organization</a>-recognised rice <a href="/wiki/Gene_bank" title="Gene bank">gene bank</a> and research institute, is situated on the banks of Mahanadi in <a href="/wiki/Cuttack" title="Cuttack">Cuttack</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The stretch between Puri and Bhadrak in Odisha juts out a little into the sea, making it vulnerable to any cyclonic activity.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mahanadi-river-delta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Mahanadi-river-delta.jpg/200px-Mahanadi-river-delta.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Mahanadi-river-delta.jpg/300px-Mahanadi-river-delta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Mahanadi-river-delta.jpg/400px-Mahanadi-river-delta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="632" /></a><figcaption>Satellite view of the <a href="/wiki/Mahanadi" title="Mahanadi">Mahanadi</a> <a href="/wiki/River_delta" title="River delta">river delta</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Three-quarters of the state is covered in mountain ranges. Deep and broad valleys have been made in them by rivers. These valleys have fertile soil and are densely populated. Odisha also has <a href="/wiki/Plateau" title="Plateau">plateaus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Highland" title="Highland">rolling uplands</a>, which have lower elevation than the plateaus.<sup id="cite_ref-GeographyKnowIndia_65-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GeographyKnowIndia-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_highest_point" title="List of Indian states and union territories by highest point">highest point in the state</a> is <a href="/wiki/Deomali_(mountain)" title="Deomali (mountain)">Deomali</a> at 1,672 metres in <a href="/wiki/Koraput_district" title="Koraput district">Koraput district</a>. Some other high peaks are: Sinkaram (1,620 m), Golikoda (1,617 m), and Yendrika (1,582 metres).<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odisha&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The state experiences four <a href="/wiki/Season#Modern_mid-latitude_meteorological" title="Season">meteorological seasons</a>: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_India#winter" title="Climate of India">winter</a> (January to February), <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_India#Summer" title="Climate of India">pre-monsoon season</a> (March to May), <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_India#Monsoon" title="Climate of India">south-west monsoon season</a> (June to September) and <a href="/wiki/October_Heat" class="mw-redirect" title="October Heat">north east monsoon season</a> (October–December). However, locally the year is divided into six traditional seasons (or <i><a href="/wiki/Ritu_(Indian_season)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ritu (Indian season)">rutus</a></i>): <i>Grishma</i> (summer), <i>Barsha</i> (rainy season), <i>Sharata</i> (autumn), <i>Hemanta</i> (dewy),<i>Sheeta</i>(winter season) and <i>Basanta</i> (spring).<sup id="cite_ref-GeographyKnowIndia_65-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GeographyKnowIndia-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="13">Mean Temp and Precipitation of Selected Weather Stations<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th colspan="3">Bhubaneswar<br />(1952–2000) </th> <th colspan="3">Balasore<br />(1901–2000) </th> <th colspan="3">Gopalpur<br />(1901–2000) </th> <th colspan="3">Sambalpur<br />(1901–2000) </th></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th>Max (°C) </th> <th>Min (°C) </th> <th>Rainfall (mm) </th> <th>Max (°C) </th> <th>Min (°C) </th> <th>Rainfall (mm) </th> <th>Max (°C) </th> <th>Min (°C) </th> <th>Rainfall (mm) </th> <th>Max (°C) </th> <th>Min (°C) </th> <th>Rainfall (mm) </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>January</b></td> <td>28.5</td> <td>15.5</td> <td>13.1</td> <td>27.0</td> <td>13.9</td> <td>17.0</td> <td>27.2</td> <td>16.9</td> <td>11.0</td> <td>27.6</td> <td>12.6</td> <td>14.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>February</b></td> <td>31.6</td> <td>18.6</td> <td>25.5</td> <td>29.5</td> <td>16.7</td> <td>36.3</td> <td>28.9</td> <td>19.5</td> <td>23.6</td> <td>30.1</td> <td>15.1</td> <td>28.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>March</b></td> <td>35.1</td> <td>22.3</td> <td>25.2</td> <td>33.7</td> <td>21.0</td> <td>39.4</td> <td>30.7</td> <td>22.6</td> <td>18.1</td> <td>35.0</td> <td>19.0</td> <td>20.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>April</b></td> <td>37.2</td> <td>25.1</td> <td>30.8</td> <td>36.0</td> <td>24.4</td> <td>54.8</td> <td>31.2</td> <td>25.0</td> <td>20.3</td> <td>39.3</td> <td>23.5</td> <td>14.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>May</b></td> <td>37.5</td> <td>26.5</td> <td>68.2</td> <td>36.1</td> <td>26.0</td> <td>108.6</td> <td>32.4</td> <td>26.7</td> <td>53.8</td> <td>41.4</td> <td>27.0</td> <td>22.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>June</b></td> <td>35.2</td> <td>26.1</td> <td>204.9</td> <td>34.2</td> <td>26.2</td> <td>233.4</td> <td>32.3</td> <td>26.8</td> <td>138.1</td> <td>36.9</td> <td>26.7</td> <td>218.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>July</b></td> <td>32.0</td> <td>25.2</td> <td>326.2</td> <td>31.8</td> <td>25.8</td> <td>297.9</td> <td>31.0</td> <td>26.1</td> <td>174.6</td> <td>31.1</td> <td>24.9</td> <td>459.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>August</b></td> <td>31.6</td> <td>25.1</td> <td>366.8</td> <td>31.4</td> <td>25.8</td> <td>318.3</td> <td>31.2</td> <td>25.9</td> <td>195.9</td> <td>30.7</td> <td>24.8</td> <td>487.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>September</b></td> <td>31.9</td> <td>24.8</td> <td>256.3</td> <td>31.7</td> <td>25.5</td> <td>275.8</td> <td>31.7</td> <td>25.7</td> <td>192.0</td> <td>31.7</td> <td>24.6</td> <td>243.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>October</b></td> <td>31.7</td> <td>23.0</td> <td>190.7</td> <td>31.3</td> <td>23.0</td> <td>184.0</td> <td>31.4</td> <td>23.8</td> <td>237.8</td> <td>31.7</td> <td>21.8</td> <td>56.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>November</b></td> <td>30.2</td> <td>18.8</td> <td>41.7</td> <td>29.2</td> <td>17.8</td> <td>41.6</td> <td>29.5</td> <td>19.7</td> <td>95.3</td> <td>29.4</td> <td>16.2</td> <td>17.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>December</b></td> <td>28.3</td> <td>15.2</td> <td>4.9</td> <td>26.9</td> <td>13.7</td> <td>6.5</td> <td>27.4</td> <td>16.4</td> <td>11.4</td> <td>27.2</td> <td>12.1</td> <td>4.8 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biodiversity">Biodiversity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odisha&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Biodiversity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Flora_and_fauna_of_Odisha" title="Flora and fauna of Odisha">Flora and fauna of Odisha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Forests_in_Odisha" title="Forests in Odisha">Forests in Odisha</a></div> <p>According to a <a href="/wiki/Forest_Survey_of_India" title="Forest Survey of India">Forest Survey of India</a> report released in 2012, Odisha has 48,903 km<sup>2</sup> of wild forest, covering 31.41% of the state's total area. The forests are classified into areas of dense forest (7,060 km<sup>2</sup>), medium dense forest (21,366 km<sup>2</sup>), open forest (forest without closed <a href="/wiki/Canopy_(biology)" title="Canopy (biology)">canopy</a>; 20,477 km<sup>2</sup>) and <a href="/wiki/Shrubland" title="Shrubland">scrub forest</a> or scrubland (4,734 km<sup>2</sup>). The state also has <a href="/wiki/Bamboo_forest" title="Bamboo forest">bamboo forests</a> (10,518 km<sup>2</sup>) and tidal areas of <a href="/wiki/Mangrove" title="Mangrove">mangrove</a> swamp (221 km<sup>2</sup>). The state is gradually losing its wilderness areas to <a href="/wiki/Illegal_logging" title="Illegal logging">timber smuggling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">deforestation</a>, destructive mining, and general urban industrialisation, as well as livestock <a href="/wiki/Grazing" title="Grazing">grazing</a>. There have been attempts at conservation and <a href="/wiki/Reforestation" title="Reforestation">reforestation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ForrestCover_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ForrestCover-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to the climate and good rainfall, Odisha's evergreen and moist forests are uniquely suitable habitats for wild <a href="/wiki/Orchid" title="Orchid">orchids</a>. Around 130 species have been reported from the state.<sup id="cite_ref-Orchids_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Orchids-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 97 of them are found in <a href="/wiki/Mayurbhanj_district" title="Mayurbhanj district">Mayurbhanj district</a> alone. The Orchid House of the <a href="/wiki/Nandankanan_Zoological_Park" title="Nandankanan Zoological Park">Nandankanan Zoological Park</a> maintains some of these species.<sup id="cite_ref-OrchidHouse_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OrchidHouse-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Simlipal_National_Park" title="Simlipal National Park">Simlipal National Park</a> is a protected wildlife area and Bengal tiger reserve spread over 2,750 km<sup>2</sup> of the northern part of <a href="/wiki/Mayurbhanj_district" title="Mayurbhanj district">Mayurbhanj district</a>. The park has around 1,078 species of plants, including 94 of the aforementioned orchids. The <a href="/wiki/Sal_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Sal tree"><i>sal</i></a> is the primary tree species. For fauna, the park is home to around 55 species of <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammal</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Bengal_tiger" title="Bengal tiger">Bengal tiger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Axis_deer" class="mw-redirect" title="Axis deer">chital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chousingha" class="mw-redirect" title="Chousingha">chousingha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Common_langur" class="mw-redirect" title="Common langur">common langur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaur" title="Gaur">gaur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_elephant" title="Indian elephant">Indian elephant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_giant_squirrel" title="Indian giant squirrel">Indian giant squirrel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jungle_cat" title="Jungle cat">jungle cat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_leopard" title="Indian leopard">leopard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_muntjac" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian muntjac">muntjac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sambar_deer" title="Sambar deer">sambar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Small_Indian_civet" title="Small Indian civet">small Indian civet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wild_boar" title="Wild boar">wild boar</a>. There are over 300 species of birds in the park, such as the <a href="/wiki/Common_hill_myna" title="Common hill myna">common hill myna</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Indian_grey_hornbill" title="Indian grey hornbill">grey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_pied_hornbill" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian pied hornbill">Indian pied</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malabar_pied_hornbill" title="Malabar pied hornbill">Malabar pied hornbills</a>. There are also some 60 species of reptiles and amphibians, including the famed <a href="/wiki/King_cobra" title="King cobra">king cobra</a>, plus <a href="/wiki/Banded_krait" title="Banded krait">banded krait</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tricarinate_hill_turtle" title="Tricarinate hill turtle">tricarinate hill turtle</a>. There is also a <a href="/wiki/Mugger_crocodile" title="Mugger crocodile">mugger crocodile</a> breeding programme in nearby Ramtirtha.<sup id="cite_ref-WWFSimilipal_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WWFSimilipal-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Chandaka_Elephant_Sanctuary" title="Chandaka Elephant Sanctuary">Chandaka Elephant Sanctuary</a> is a 190 km<sup>2</sup> protected area near the capital city, Bhubaneswar. However, urban expansion and over-grazing have reduced the forests, driving the herds of elephants to migrate away, as well as increasing human-elephant conflicts—which sometimes results in injury and death (on both sides). Some elephants have died in conflicts with villagers, while some have died during migration after being accidentally electrocuted by power lines or even hit by trains. Outside the protected area, they are killed by ivory <a href="/wiki/Poaching" title="Poaching">poachers</a>. In 2002, there were about 80 elephants, but by 2012, their numbers had been reduced to 20. Many of the animals have migrated toward the Barbara Reserve forest, Chilika, <a href="/wiki/Nayagarh_district" title="Nayagarh district">Nayagarh district</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Athagad" title="Athagad">Athagad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ElephantBanished_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ElephantBanished-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ElephantWipeout_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ElephantWipeout-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Besides elephants, the sanctuary also has leopards, jungle cats and herds of chital.<sup id="cite_ref-Negi1993_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Negi1993-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Bhitarkanika_National_Park" title="Bhitarkanika National Park">Bhitarkanika National Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kendrapara_district" title="Kendrapara district">Kendrapara district</a> covers 650 km<sup>2</sup>, of which 150 km<sup>2</sup> are mangroves. <a href="/wiki/Gahirmatha_Beach" title="Gahirmatha Beach">Gahirmatha Beach</a>, in Bhitarkanika, is the world's largest nesting site for <a href="/wiki/Olive_ridley_sea_turtle" title="Olive ridley sea turtle">olive ridley sea turtles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Salagrama2006_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salagrama2006-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013, the Indian Coast Guard initiated <a href="/wiki/Operation_Oliver" title="Operation Oliver">Operation Oliver</a> to protect the endangered sea turtle population of the region.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other major nesting grounds for the turtle in the state are <a href="/wiki/Rushikulya" class="mw-redirect" title="Rushikulya">Rushikulya</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Ganjam_district" title="Ganjam district">Ganjam district</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Olive2_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olive2-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Devi_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Devi river">Devi river</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Olive3_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olive3-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Bhitarkanika sanctuary is also noted for its large population of <a href="/wiki/Saltwater_crocodile" title="Saltwater crocodile">saltwater crocodiles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asian_water_monitor" title="Asian water monitor">Asian water monitors</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-inaturalist.org_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inaturalist.org-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the second-largest lizard species on earth,<sup id="cite_ref-CrocCensus_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CrocCensus-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in addition to <a href="/wiki/Axis_deer" class="mw-redirect" title="Axis deer">axis deer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rhesus_macaque" title="Rhesus macaque">rhesus macaques</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-inaturalist.org_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inaturalist.org-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The coastal mangrove environments are home to several types of <a href="/wiki/Mudskipper" title="Mudskipper">mudskippers</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Barred_mudskipper" title="Barred mudskipper">barred</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boleophthalmus_boddarti" title="Boleophthalmus boddarti">Boddart's blue-spotted</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boleophthalmus_pectinirostris" title="Boleophthalmus pectinirostris">great blue-spotted mudskippers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-inaturalist.org_81-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inaturalist.org-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In winter, Bhitarkanika is also visited by <a href="/wiki/Migratory_birds" class="mw-redirect" title="Migratory birds">migratory birds</a>. Among the many species, both resident and migratory, are <a href="/wiki/Kingfishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingfishers">kingfishers</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Black-capped_kingfisher" title="Black-capped kingfisher">black-capped</a>, <a href="/wiki/Collared_kingfisher" title="Collared kingfisher">collared</a> and <a href="/wiki/Common_kingfisher" title="Common kingfisher">common kingfishers</a>), <a href="/wiki/Heron" title="Heron">herons</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/Black-crowned_night_heron" title="Black-crowned night heron">black-crowned night</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grey_heron" title="Grey heron">grey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Purple_heron" title="Purple heron">purple</a> and <a href="/wiki/Striated_heron" title="Striated heron">striated herons</a>), <a href="/wiki/Indian_cormorant" title="Indian cormorant">Indian cormorants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asian_openbill" title="Asian openbill">openbill storks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oriental_white_ibis" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental white ibis">Oriental white ibis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pheasant-tailed_jacana" title="Pheasant-tailed jacana">pheasant-tailed jacana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarus_crane" title="Sarus crane">sarus cranes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spotted_owlet" title="Spotted owlet">spotted owlets</a> and <a href="/wiki/White-bellied_sea-eagle" class="mw-redirect" title="White-bellied sea-eagle">white-bellied sea-eagles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BirdCount_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BirdCount-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-inaturalist.org_81-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inaturalist.org-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The possibly endangered <a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_crab" title="Horseshoe crab">horseshoe crab</a> is also found in this region.<sup id="cite_ref-horseshoe_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-horseshoe-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Chilika_Lake" title="Chilika Lake">Chilika Lake</a> is a brackish water lagoon on the east coast of Odisha with an area of 1,105 km<sup>2</sup>. It is connected to the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a> by a 35-km-long narrow channel and is a part of the Mahanadi delta. In the dry season, the tides bring in salt water. In the rainy season, the rivers falling into the lagoon decrease its salinity.<sup id="cite_ref-AgarwalSingh2007_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AgarwalSingh2007-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Birds from places as far as the <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake_Baikal" title="Lake Baikal">Lake Baikal</a> (and other parts of Russia), <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a> migrate to the lagoon in winter.<sup id="cite_ref-ChilikaFalls_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChilikaFalls-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the <a href="/wiki/Waterfowl" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterfowl">waterfowl</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wading_birds" title="Wading birds">wading birds</a> spotted there are <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_wigeon" title="Eurasian wigeon">Eurasian wigeon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_pintail" title="Northern pintail">pintail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bar-headed_goose" title="Bar-headed goose">bar-headed goose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greylag_goose" title="Greylag goose">greylag goose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greater_flamingo" title="Greater flamingo">greater flamingo</a>, common <a href="/wiki/Mallard" title="Mallard">mallard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Goliath_heron" title="Goliath heron">Goliath heron</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SharpDropChilika_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SharpDropChilika-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TwoNewChilika_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TwoNewChilika-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lagoon also has a small population of the endangered <a href="/wiki/Irrawaddy_dolphin" title="Irrawaddy dolphin">Irrawaddy dolphins</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DolphinRise_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DolphinRise-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state's coastal region has also had sightings of the rare <a href="/wiki/Finless_porpoise" title="Finless porpoise">finless porpoise</a>, as well as the more common <a href="/wiki/Bottlenose_dolphin" title="Bottlenose dolphin">bottlenose dolphin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Humpback_dolphin" title="Humpback dolphin">humpback dolphin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spinner_dolphin" title="Spinner dolphin">spinner dolphins</a> in its waters.<sup id="cite_ref-DolphinCensus_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DolphinCensus-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Satpada" title="Satpada">Satapada</a> is situated close to the northeast cape of Chilika Lake and Bay of Bengal. It is famous for dolphin watching in their natural habitat. There is a tiny island en route for watching dolphins, where tourists often take a short stop. Apart from that, this island is also home for tiny red crabs.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a census conducted in 2016, there are around 2000 elephants in the state. <sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 170.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 168.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nandankanan19.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="White tiger in the Nandankanan Zoo"><img alt="White tiger in the Nandankanan Zoo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Nandankanan19.jpg/253px-Nandankanan19.jpg" decoding="async" width="169" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Nandankanan19.jpg/379px-Nandankanan19.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Nandankanan19.jpg/505px-Nandankanan19.jpg 2x" data-file-width="860" data-file-height="613" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">White tiger in the <a href="/wiki/Nandankanan_Zoo" class="mw-redirect" title="Nandankanan Zoo">Nandankanan Zoo</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DSC_0764f.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Irrawaddy dolphins can be found in Chilika"><img alt="Irrawaddy dolphins can be found in Chilika" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/DSC_0764f.jpg/180px-DSC_0764f.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/DSC_0764f.jpg/270px-DSC_0764f.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/DSC_0764f.jpg/359px-DSC_0764f.jpg 2x" data-file-width="616" data-file-height="617" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Irrawaddy_dolphins" class="mw-redirect" title="Irrawaddy dolphins">Irrawaddy dolphins</a> can be found in <a href="/wiki/Chilika" class="mw-redirect" title="Chilika">Chilika</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vanda_tessellata_Orchi_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vanda tessellata, one of the orchids found in Odisha[93]"><img alt="Vanda tessellata, one of the orchids found in Odisha[93]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Vanda_tessellata_Orchi_001.jpg/135px-Vanda_tessellata_Orchi_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Vanda_tessellata_Orchi_001.jpg/202px-Vanda_tessellata_Orchi_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Vanda_tessellata_Orchi_001.jpg/270px-Vanda_tessellata_Orchi_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Vanda_tessellata" title="Vanda tessellata">Vanda tessellata</a></i>, one of the orchids found in Odisha<sup id="cite_ref-NiyamgiriOrchids_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NiyamgiriOrchids-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 254px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 252px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chilika_Bhubaneswar.me.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Migratory birds at Chilika Lake"><img alt="Migratory birds at Chilika Lake" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Chilika_Bhubaneswar.me.jpg/378px-Chilika_Bhubaneswar.me.jpg" decoding="async" width="252" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Chilika_Bhubaneswar.me.jpg/567px-Chilika_Bhubaneswar.me.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Chilika_Bhubaneswar.me.jpg/756px-Chilika_Bhubaneswar.me.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2687" data-file-height="1281" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Migratory birds at <a href="/wiki/Chilika_Lake" title="Chilika Lake">Chilika Lake</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 204px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 202px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bhitarkanika_Mangroves_Flora_and_Fauna_03.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Crocodile in Bhitarkanika National Park"><img alt="Crocodile in Bhitarkanika National Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bhitarkanika_Mangroves_Flora_and_Fauna_03.JPG/303px-Bhitarkanika_Mangroves_Flora_and_Fauna_03.JPG" decoding="async" width="202" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bhitarkanika_Mangroves_Flora_and_Fauna_03.JPG/454px-Bhitarkanika_Mangroves_Flora_and_Fauna_03.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bhitarkanika_Mangroves_Flora_and_Fauna_03.JPG/605px-Bhitarkanika_Mangroves_Flora_and_Fauna_03.JPG 2x" data-file-width="842" data-file-height="501" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Crocodile in <a href="/wiki/Bhitarkanika_National_Park" title="Bhitarkanika National Park">Bhitarkanika National Park</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odisha&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Government and politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ORISSA_SECRETARIAT.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/ORISSA_SECRETARIAT.jpg/200px-ORISSA_SECRETARIAT.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/ORISSA_SECRETARIAT.jpg/300px-ORISSA_SECRETARIAT.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/ORISSA_SECRETARIAT.jpg/400px-ORISSA_SECRETARIAT.jpg 2x" data-file-width="766" data-file-height="428" /></a><figcaption>Odisha State Secretariat building in <a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar">Bhubaneswar</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Odisha" title="Government of Odisha">Government of Odisha</a></div> <p>All states in India are governed by a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary system</a> of government based on <a href="/wiki/Universal_adult_franchise" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal adult franchise">universal adult franchise</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SenguptaCorbridge2013_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SenguptaCorbridge2013-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OurParliament_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OurParliament-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The main parties active in the politics of Odisha are the <a href="/wiki/Biju_Janata_Dal" title="Biju Janata Dal">Biju Janata Dal</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a>. Following the <a href="/wiki/2019_Odisha_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election">Odisha State Assembly Election in 2019</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Naveen_Patnaik" title="Naveen Patnaik">Naveen Patnaik</a>-led <a href="/wiki/Biju_Janata_Dal" title="Biju Janata Dal">Biju Janata Dal</a> stayed in power for the sixth consecutive term until 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-BJDLandslide_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BJDLandslide-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Currently, BJP , who won for the first time, formed the government after winning the majority in <a href="/wiki/2024_Odisha_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election">2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election</a>. He is the 17th Chief Minister of Odisha.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_assembly">Legislative assembly</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odisha&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Legislative assembly"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Odisha_Legislative_Assembly" title="Odisha Legislative Assembly">Odisha Legislative Assembly</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vidhan_Sabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Vidhan Sabha">Vidhan Sabha</a></div> <p>The Odisha state has a <a href="/wiki/Unicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicameral">unicameral</a> legislature.<sup id="cite_ref-Finifter_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finifter-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Odisha_Legislative_Assembly" title="Odisha Legislative Assembly">Odisha Legislative Assembly</a> consists of 147 elected members,<sup id="cite_ref-BJDLandslide_96-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BJDLandslide-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and special office bearers such as the Speaker and Deputy Speaker, who are elected by the members. Assembly meetings are presided over by the Speaker, or by the Deputy Speaker in the Speaker's absence.<sup id="cite_ref-Kumar_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kumar-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">Executive authority</a> is vested in the Council of Ministers headed by the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Odisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister of Odisha">Chief Minister</a>, although the titular head of government is the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Odisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Odisha">Governor of Odisha</a>. The governor is appointed by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a>. The leader of the party or coalition with a majority in the Legislative Assembly is appointed as the Chief Minister by the governor, and the Council of Ministers are appointed by the governor on the advice of the Chief Minister. The Council of Ministers reports to the Legislative Assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-AroraGoyal1995_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AroraGoyal1995-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 147 elected representatives are called <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Legislative_Assembly" title="Member of the Legislative Assembly">Members of the Legislative Assembly</a>, or MLAs. One MLA may be nominated from the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Indian" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Indian">Anglo-Indian</a> community by the governor.<sup id="cite_ref-Shukla2008_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shukla2008-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term of the office is for five years, unless the Assembly is dissolved prior to the completion of the term.<sup id="cite_ref-Kumar_99-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kumar-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">judiciary</a> is composed of the <a href="/wiki/Odisha_High_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Odisha High Court">Odisha High Court</a>, located at Cuttack, and a system of lower courts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subdivisions">Subdivisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odisha&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Subdivisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Odisha" title="List of districts of Odisha">List of districts of Odisha</a></div> <p>Odisha has been divided into 30 districts. These 30 districts have been placed under three different revenue divisions to streamline their governance. The divisions are North, Central and South, with their headquarters at <a href="/wiki/Sambalpur" title="Sambalpur">Sambalpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuttack" title="Cuttack">Cuttack</a> and <a href="/wiki/Berhampur" title="Berhampur">Berhampur</a> respectively. Each division consists of ten districts and has as its administrative head a Revenue <a href="/wiki/Divisional_Commissioner" class="mw-redirect" title="Divisional Commissioner">Divisional Commissioner</a> (RDC).<sup id="cite_ref-RevenueDept_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RevenueDept-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The position of the RDC in the administrative hierarchy is that between that of the district administration and the state secretariat.<sup id="cite_ref-Laxmikanth_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Laxmikanth-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The RDCs report to the Board of Revenue, which is headed by a senior officer of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Administrative_Service" title="Indian Administrative Service">Indian Administrative Service</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RevenueDept_102-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RevenueDept-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Orissa_State_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Orissa_State_map.svg/400px-Orissa_State_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Orissa_State_map.svg/600px-Orissa_State_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Orissa_State_map.svg/800px-Orissa_State_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2184" data-file-height="1769" /></a><figcaption>Map of districts of Odisha</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"> <caption>Division-wise list of districts<sup id="cite_ref-AdminUnit_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AdminUnit-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Northern Division (HQ – Sambalpur) </th> <th>Central Division (HQ – Cuttack) </th> <th>Southern Division (HQ – Berhampur) </th></tr> <tr> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angul_district" title="Angul district">Angul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balangir_district" title="Balangir district">Balangir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bargarh_district" title="Bargarh district">Bargarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deogarh_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Deogarh district">Deogarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhenkanal_district" title="Dhenkanal district">Dhenkanal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharsuguda_district" title="Jharsuguda district">Jharsuguda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keonjhar_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Keonjhar district">Kendujhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambalpur_district" title="Sambalpur district">Sambalpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subarnapur_district" title="Subarnapur district">Subarnapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundargarh_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Sundargarh district">Sundargarh</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balasore_district" title="Balasore district">Balasore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhadrak_district" title="Bhadrak district">Bhadrak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuttack_district" title="Cuttack district">Cuttack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagatsinghpur_district" title="Jagatsinghpur district">Jagatsinghpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jajpur_district" title="Jajpur district">Jajpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendrapada_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Kendrapada district">Kendrapada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khordha_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Khordha District">Khordha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayurbhanj_district" title="Mayurbhanj district">Mayurbhanj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayagarh_district" title="Nayagarh district">Nayagarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puri_district" title="Puri district">Puri</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boudh_district" title="Boudh district">Boudh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gajapati_district" title="Gajapati district">Gajapati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganjam_district" title="Ganjam district">Ganjam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalahandi_district" title="Kalahandi district">Kalahandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandhamal_district" title="Kandhamal district">Kandhamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koraput_district" title="Koraput district">Koraput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malkangiri_district" title="Malkangiri district">Malkangiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabarangpur_district" title="Nabarangpur district">Nabarangpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuapada_district" title="Nuapada district">Nuapada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayagada_district" title="Rayagada district">Rayagada</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Each district is governed by a collector and district magistrate, who is appointed from the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Administrative_Service" title="Indian Administrative Service">Indian Administrative Service</a> or a very senior officer from Odisha Administrative Service.<sup id="cite_ref-SARKAR2009_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SARKAR2009-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PublicAdminDict_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PublicAdminDict-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The collector and district magistrate is responsible for collecting the revenue and maintaining law and order in the district. Each district is separated into sub-divisions, each governed by a sub-collector and sub-divisional magistrate. The sub-divisions are further divided into tahasils. The tahasils are headed by tahasildar. Odisha has 58 sub-divisions, 317 tahasils and 314 blocks.<sup id="cite_ref-AdminUnit_104-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AdminUnit-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Blocks consists of <a href="/wiki/Panchayats" class="mw-redirect" title="Panchayats">Panchayats</a> (village councils) and town municipalities. </p><p>The capital of the state is <a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar">Bhubaneswar</a> and the largest city is <a href="/wiki/Cuttack" title="Cuttack">Cuttack</a>, which also functions as the deputy capital of the state . The other major cities are, <a href="/wiki/Rourkela" title="Rourkela">Rourkela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berhampur" title="Berhampur">Berhampur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sambalpur" title="Sambalpur">Sambalpur</a>. Municipal Corporations in Odisha include <a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar">Bhubaneswar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuttack" title="Cuttack">Cuttack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berhampur" title="Berhampur">Berhampur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sambalpur" title="Sambalpur">Sambalpur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rourkela" title="Rourkela">Rourkela</a>. </p><p>Other municipalities of Odisha include <a href="/wiki/Angul" title="Angul">Angul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asika" title="Asika">Asika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balangir" title="Balangir">Balangir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balasore" title="Balasore">Balasore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barbil" title="Barbil">Barbil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bargarh" title="Bargarh">Bargarh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baripada" title="Baripada">Baripada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basudevpur" title="Basudevpur">Basudevpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belpahar" title="Belpahar">Belpahar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhadrak" title="Bhadrak">Bhadrak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhanjanagar" title="Bhanjanagar">Bhanjanagar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhawanipatna" title="Bhawanipatna">Bhawanipatna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biramitrapur" title="Biramitrapur">Biramitrapur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boudh" title="Boudh">Boudh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brajarajnagar" title="Brajarajnagar">Brajarajnagar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Byasanagar" title="Byasanagar">Byasanagar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chhatrapur" title="Chhatrapur">Chhatrapur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Debagarh" title="Debagarh">Deogarh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dhamra" title="Dhamra">Dhamra</a>,<a href="/wiki/Dhenkanal_district" title="Dhenkanal district">Dhenkanal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gopalpur,_Odisha" title="Gopalpur, Odisha">Gopalpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gunupur" title="Gunupur">Gunupur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hinjilicut" title="Hinjilicut">Hinjilicut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jagatsinghpur" title="Jagatsinghpur">Jagatsinghpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jajpur" title="Jajpur">Jajpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeypore" title="Jeypore">Jeypore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jharsuguda" title="Jharsuguda">Jharsuguda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joda" title="Joda">Joda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kendrapara" title="Kendrapara">Kendrapara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kendujhar" title="Kendujhar">Kendujhar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khordha" title="Khordha">Khordha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konark" title="Konark">Konark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koraput" title="Koraput">Koraput</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malkangiri" title="Malkangiri">Malkangiri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nabarangpur" title="Nabarangpur">Nabarangpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nayagarh" title="Nayagarh">Nayagarh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nuapada" title="Nuapada">Nuapada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paradeep" title="Paradeep">Paradeep</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paralakhemundi" title="Paralakhemundi">Paralakhemundi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phulbani" title="Phulbani">Phulbani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puri" title="Puri">Puri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rajgangpur" title="Rajgangpur">Rajgangpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rayagada" title="Rayagada">Rayagada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sonepur,_Odisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonepur, Odisha">Sonepur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sundargarh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sundargarh">Sundargarh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talcher" title="Talcher">Talcher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Titilagarh" class="mw-redirect" title="Titilagarh">Titilagarh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karanjia" title="Karanjia">Karanjia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chatrapur" class="mw-redirect" title="Chatrapur">Chatrapur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asika" title="Asika">Asika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kantabanji" title="Kantabanji">Kantabanji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nimapada" title="Nimapada">Nimapada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baudhgarh" class="mw-redirect" title="Baudhgarh">Baudhgarh</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Umerkote" title="Umerkote">Umerkote</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><div style="float:left; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;"><span style="font-size:110%;">Largest cities or towns in Odisha</span><br /><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;">As of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Odisha" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Odisha">2011 Census</a></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Odisha" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Odisha">Rank</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Odisha" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Odisha">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Odisha" title="List of districts of Odisha">District</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Odisha" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Odisha"> Pop.</a> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cuttack_Montage.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Cuttack"><img alt="Cuttack" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Cuttack_Montage.png/120px-Cuttack_Montage.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Cuttack_Montage.png/180px-Cuttack_Montage.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Cuttack_Montage.png/240px-Cuttack_Montage.png 2x" data-file-width="1494" data-file-height="2150" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Cuttack" title="Cuttack">Cuttack</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bhubaneswar_skyline.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bhubaneswar"><img alt="Bhubaneswar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Bhubaneswar_skyline.jpg/120px-Bhubaneswar_skyline.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Bhubaneswar_skyline.jpg/180px-Bhubaneswar_skyline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Bhubaneswar_skyline.jpg/240px-Bhubaneswar_skyline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar">Bhubaneswar</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cuttack" title="Cuttack">Cuttack</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cuttack_district" title="Cuttack district">Cuttack</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">921,321 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Suraksha_Path_Bridge_near_IG_Park_Rourkela.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rourkela"><img alt="Rourkela" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Suraksha_Path_Bridge_near_IG_Park_Rourkela.jpg/120px-Suraksha_Path_Bridge_near_IG_Park_Rourkela.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Suraksha_Path_Bridge_near_IG_Park_Rourkela.jpg/180px-Suraksha_Path_Bridge_near_IG_Park_Rourkela.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Suraksha_Path_Bridge_near_IG_Park_Rourkela.jpg/240px-Suraksha_Path_Bridge_near_IG_Park_Rourkela.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="390" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Rourkela" title="Rourkela">Rourkela</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Platform_RainyDay.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Brahmapur"><img alt="Brahmapur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Platform_RainyDay.JPG/120px-Platform_RainyDay.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Platform_RainyDay.JPG/180px-Platform_RainyDay.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Platform_RainyDay.JPG/240px-Platform_RainyDay.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="358" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Brahmapur,_Odisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmapur, Odisha">Brahmapur</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar">Bhubaneswar</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Khordha_district" title="Khordha district">Khordha</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">881,988 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Rourkela" title="Rourkela">Rourkela</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sundargarh_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Sundargarh district">Sundargarh</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">552,970 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Brahmapur,_Odisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmapur, Odisha">Brahmapur</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ganjam_district" title="Ganjam district">Ganjam</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">355,823 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sambalpur" title="Sambalpur">Sambalpur</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sambalpur_district" title="Sambalpur district">Sambalpur</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">270,331 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Puri" title="Puri">Puri</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Puri_district" title="Puri district">Puri</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">201,026 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Balasore" title="Balasore">Balasore</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Balasore_district" title="Balasore district">Balasore</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">144,373 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bhadrak" title="Bhadrak">Bhadrak</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bhadrak_district" title="Bhadrak district">Bhadrak</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">121,338 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Baripada" title="Baripada">Baripada</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mayurbhanj_district" title="Mayurbhanj district">Mayurbhanj</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">116,874 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Balangir" title="Balangir">Balangir</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Balangir_district" title="Balangir district">Balangir</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">98,238 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <p>Auxiliary authorities known as <a href="/wiki/Panchayati_raj_in_India" title="Panchayati raj in India">panchayats</a>, for which local body elections are regularly held, govern local affairs in rural areas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odisha&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Odisha" title="Economy of Odisha">Economy of Odisha</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Macro-economic_trend">Macro-economic trend</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odisha&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Macro-economic trend"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Odisha is experiencing a rapid economic growth post-Covid. The impressive growth in gross domestic product of the state has been reported by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. Odisha's growth rate is above the national average.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The central Government's Urban Development Ministry has recently announced the names of 20 cities selected to be developed as <a href="/wiki/Smart_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Smart cities">smart cities</a>. The state capital <a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar">Bhubaneswar</a> is the first city in the list of <a href="/wiki/Smart_Cities_Mission" title="Smart Cities Mission">smart Cities</a> released in January 2016, a pet project of the Indian Government. The announcement also marked with sanction of Rs 508.02 billion over the five years for development.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industrial_development">Industrial development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odisha&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Industrial development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:One_of_the_iron_ore_mines_in_Keonjhar_district.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/One_of_the_iron_ore_mines_in_Keonjhar_district.jpg/220px-One_of_the_iron_ore_mines_in_Keonjhar_district.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/One_of_the_iron_ore_mines_in_Keonjhar_district.jpg/330px-One_of_the_iron_ore_mines_in_Keonjhar_district.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/One_of_the_iron_ore_mines_in_Keonjhar_district.jpg/440px-One_of_the_iron_ore_mines_in_Keonjhar_district.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a><figcaption>One of the iron ore mines in <a href="/wiki/Kendujhar_district" title="Kendujhar district">Keonjhar district</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ROURKELA_STEEL_PLANT.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/ROURKELA_STEEL_PLANT.JPG/170px-ROURKELA_STEEL_PLANT.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/ROURKELA_STEEL_PLANT.JPG/255px-ROURKELA_STEEL_PLANT.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/ROURKELA_STEEL_PLANT.JPG/340px-ROURKELA_STEEL_PLANT.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3888" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rourkela_Steel_Plant" title="Rourkela Steel Plant">Rourkela Steel Plant</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Odisha has abundant natural resources and a large coastline. Odisha has emerged as the most preferred destination for overseas investors with investment proposals.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It contains a fifth of India's coal, a quarter of its iron ore, a third of its <a href="/wiki/Bauxite" title="Bauxite">bauxite</a> reserves and most of the <a href="/wiki/Chromite" title="Chromite">chromite</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rourkela_Steel_Plant" title="Rourkela Steel Plant">Rourkela Steel Plant</a><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was the first integrated steel plant in the public sector in India, built with collaboration of <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>. </p><p>Arcelor-Mittal has also announced plans to invest in another mega steel project amounting to $10 billion. Russian major <a href="/wiki/Magnitogorsk_Iron_and_Steel_Works" title="Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works">Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Company (MMK)</a> plans to set up a 10 MT steel plant in Odisha, too. <a href="/wiki/Nippon_Steel_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Nippon Steel Corporation">Nippon Steel Corporation</a> has recently announced to set up their own plants, one of which will be the world's largest and most advanced steel plant in Odisha, with a production capacity of 30 MT annually.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bandhabahal" title="Bandhabahal">Bandhabahal</a> is a major area of open cast coal mines in Odisha. The state is attracting an unprecedented amount of investment in aluminium, coal-based power plants, petrochemicals, and information technology as well. In power generation, <a href="/wiki/Reliance_Power" title="Reliance Power">Reliance Power</a> (Anil Ambani Group) is putting up the world's largest power plant with an investment of US$13 billion at Hirma in <a href="/wiki/Jharsuguda_district" title="Jharsuguda district">Jharsuguda district</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009 Odisha was the second top domestic investment destination with <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a> first and <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a> in third place according to an analysis of <a href="/wiki/ASSOCHAM" title="ASSOCHAM">ASSOCHAM</a> Investment Meter (AIM) study on corporate investments. Odisha's share was 12.6 per cent in total investment in the country. It received an investment proposal worth <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>2.01 trillion</span> (equivalent to <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>4.5 trillion or US$54 billion in 2023) in 2010. Steel and power were among the sectors which attracted maximum investments in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The recently concluded Make in Odisha Conclave 2022 saw the state generate investment proposals worth ₹10.5 trillion with an employment potential for 10,37,701 people. Out of the total investment proposals received, the metals, ancillary and downstream sectors fetched ₹5.50 lakhs crore (trillion), power, green energy, and renewable energy sector fetched ₹2.38 trillion, and chemicals-petrochemicals and logistics-infrastructure sector attracted ₹76,000 crores and ₹1.20 trillion, respectively. Odisha has the potential to become a trillion-dollar economy by 2030. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odisha&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Odisha has a network of roads, railways, airports and seaports. <a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar">Bhubaneswar</a> is well connected by air, rail and road with the rest of India. Some highways are getting expanded to four lanes.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Odisha Government Plans Mega Metro Rail Project to Connect Puri and Bhubaneswar <sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The metro rail proposal was given to connect trains between Puri- Bhubaneswar – Cuttack.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Odisha government has planned a new Expressway that will connect Biju Patnaik International Airport airport at Bhubaneswar with the proposed Shri Jagannath International Airport at Puri.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odisha&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Biju_Patnaik_International_Airport.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Biju_Patnaik_International_Airport.jpg/220px-Biju_Patnaik_International_Airport.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Biju_Patnaik_International_Airport.jpg/330px-Biju_Patnaik_International_Airport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Biju_Patnaik_International_Airport.jpg/440px-Biju_Patnaik_International_Airport.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Biju_Patnaik_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Biju Patnaik International Airport">Biju Patnaik International Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar">Bhubaneswar</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Odisha has a total of three operational airports, 16 airstrips and 16 helipads.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The airport at Jharsuguda was upgraded to a full-fledged domestic airport in May 2018. Rourkela Airport became operational in December 2022.The Dhamra Port Company Limited plans to build <a href="/wiki/Dhamra_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhamra Airport">Dhamra Airport</a> 20 km from <a href="/wiki/Dhamra_Port" title="Dhamra Port">Dhamra Port</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TOI9_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TOI9-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar">Bhubaneswar</a> – <a href="/wiki/Biju_Patnaik_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Biju Patnaik International Airport">Biju Patnaik International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeypore" title="Jeypore">Jeypore</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jeypore_Airport" title="Jeypore Airport">Jeypore Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharsuguda" title="Jharsuguda">Jharsuguda</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jharsuguda_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Jharsuguda Airport">Veer Surendra Sai Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rourkela" title="Rourkela">Rourkela</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rourkela_Airport" title="Rourkela Airport">Rourkela Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berhampur" title="Berhampur">Berhampur</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rangeilunda_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Rangeilunda Airport">Rangeilunda Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhawanipatna" title="Bhawanipatna">Bhawanipatna</a> - <a href="/wiki/Utkela_Airport" title="Utkela Airport">Utkela Airport</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seaports">Seaports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odisha&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Seaports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GOPALPUR_PORT_ODISHA_LIGHT_HOUSE_PC_NISTHA_RANJAN_DASH.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/GOPALPUR_PORT_ODISHA_LIGHT_HOUSE_PC_NISTHA_RANJAN_DASH.jpg/220px-GOPALPUR_PORT_ODISHA_LIGHT_HOUSE_PC_NISTHA_RANJAN_DASH.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/GOPALPUR_PORT_ODISHA_LIGHT_HOUSE_PC_NISTHA_RANJAN_DASH.jpg/330px-GOPALPUR_PORT_ODISHA_LIGHT_HOUSE_PC_NISTHA_RANJAN_DASH.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/GOPALPUR_PORT_ODISHA_LIGHT_HOUSE_PC_NISTHA_RANJAN_DASH.jpg/440px-GOPALPUR_PORT_ODISHA_LIGHT_HOUSE_PC_NISTHA_RANJAN_DASH.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1840" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gopalpur,_Odisha" title="Gopalpur, Odisha">Gopalpur Port</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bbrailhq.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bbrailhq.jpg/220px-Bbrailhq.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bbrailhq.jpg/330px-Bbrailhq.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bbrailhq.jpg/440px-Bbrailhq.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1321" data-file-height="784" /></a><figcaption>East Coast Railway headquarters, Bhubaneswar</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dhamra_Port.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Dhamra_Port.jpg/220px-Dhamra_Port.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Dhamra_Port.jpg/330px-Dhamra_Port.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Dhamra_Port.jpg/440px-Dhamra_Port.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dhamra_Port" title="Dhamra Port">Dhamra Port</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Odisha has a coastline of 485 kilometres (301 mi). It has one major port at Paradip and few minor ports. some of them are:<sup id="cite_ref-Division_p._701_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Division_p._701-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-India._Parliament._Rajya_Sabha_2012_p._124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-India._Parliament._Rajya_Sabha_2012_p.-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Dhamara" class="mw-redirect" title="Port of Dhamara">Port of Dhamara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopalpur,_Odisha" title="Gopalpur, Odisha">Port of Gopalpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Paradip" class="mw-redirect" title="Port of Paradip">Port of Paradip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subarnarekha_port" title="Subarnarekha port">Port of Subarnarekha</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railways">Railways</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odisha&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Railways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Major cities of Odisha are well connected to all the major cities of India by direct daily trains and weekly trains. Most of the railway network in Odisha lies under the jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="East Coast Railway">East Coast Railway</a> (ECoR) with headquarters at <a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar">Bhubaneswar</a> and some parts under <a href="/wiki/South_Eastern_Railway_Zone_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="South Eastern Railway Zone (India)">South Eastern Railway</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_East_Central_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="South East Central Railway">South East Central Railway</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odisha&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">10,302,917</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1911</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">11,378,875</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+10.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">11,158,586</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">12,491,056</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+11.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1941</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">13,767,988</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+10.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1951</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">14,645,946</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+6.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1961</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">17,548,846</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+19.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1971</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">21,944,615</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+25.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">26,370,271</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+20.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1991</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">31,659,736</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+20.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">36,804,660</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+16.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">41,974,218</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+14.0%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: Census of India<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odisha&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lifestyle_of_tribal_folks_is_visible.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Lifestyle_of_tribal_folks_is_visible.jpg/220px-Lifestyle_of_tribal_folks_is_visible.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Lifestyle_of_tribal_folks_is_visible.jpg/330px-Lifestyle_of_tribal_folks_is_visible.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Lifestyle_of_tribal_folks_is_visible.jpg/440px-Lifestyle_of_tribal_folks_is_visible.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Scheduled_Tribes_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheduled Tribes in India">Tribal people</a> of <a href="/wiki/Koraput" title="Koraput">Koraput</a>, Odisha</figcaption></figure> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/2011_census_of_India" title="2011 census of India">2011 Census of India</a>, Odisha accounted for approximately 3% of India's total population. The state had a population of 41,974,218, with 21,212,136 males (50.54%) and 20,762,082 females (49.46%), resulting in a <a href="/wiki/Sex_ratio" title="Sex ratio">sex ratio</a> of 978 females per 1,000 males. This marked a <a href="/wiki/Growth_rate_(group_theory)" title="Growth rate (group theory)">growth rate</a> of 13.97% during the 2001-2011 period, a decline from 16.25% in the previous decade (1991-2001). The <a href="/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">population density</a> stood at 269 people per square kilometer, with <a href="/wiki/Ganjam_district" title="Ganjam district">Ganjam district</a> having the highest population among all districts in Odisha. In contrast, <a href="/wiki/Debagarh_district" title="Debagarh district">Debagarh district</a> has the lowest population. The population in the age group of 0–6 years comprised 12% of the total population, with a child sex ratio of 934 females for every 1,000 males in this age group. Additionally, <a href="/wiki/Scheduled_Castes_and_Scheduled_Tribes" title="Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes">Scheduled Castes (SC)</a> constituted a population of 7.2 million, making up 16.5% of the total population, while <a href="/wiki/Scheduled_Tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheduled Tribes">Scheduled Tribes (ST)</a> accounted for 9.6 million, representing 22.1% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-CensusIndia2011PCA12018_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CensusIndia2011PCA12018-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literacy_and_Socioeconomic_Indicators">Literacy and Socioeconomic Indicators</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odisha&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Literacy and Socioeconomic Indicators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the 2011 Census, Odisha's overall <a href="/wiki/Literacy" title="Literacy">literacy rate</a> is 72.87%. Male literacy stands at 81.59%, while female literacy is recorded at 64.01%. Odisha's literacy rate is slightly below the national average of 74.04%. Literacy rates vary within the state, with <a href="/wiki/Khordha_district" title="Khordha district">Khordha district</a> having the highest literacy rate at 86.88%, while <a href="/wiki/Nabarangpur_district" title="Nabarangpur district">Nabarangpur</a> has the lowest at 46.43%. In rural areas, the average literacy rate is 70.22%, compared to 85.57% in urban areas. Among the <a href="/wiki/Scheduled_Castes_and_Scheduled_Tribes" title="Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes">Scheduled Tribe</a> population, the literacy rate is 52.24%. </p><p>In terms of poverty, Odisha had a poverty rate of 57.15% in 2004–2005, nearly double the national average of 26.10% at the time. However, since 2005, the state has made significant progress, reducing the poverty rate by 24.6 percentage points, with the current estimate at 32.6%.<sup id="cite_ref-World_Bank_2016_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Bank_2016-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pragativadi:NITI_Aayog_report_2017_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pragativadi:NITI_Aayog_report_2017-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health_and_Vital_Statistics">Health and Vital Statistics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odisha&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Health and Vital Statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Data from 1996–2001 indicated that the state’s life expectancy was 61.64 years, slightly above the national average. Odisha also records a <a href="/wiki/Birth_rate" title="Birth rate">birth rate</a> of 23.2 per 1,000 people annually, a <a href="/wiki/Mortality_rate" title="Mortality rate">death rate</a> of 9.1 per 1,000, an <a href="/wiki/Infant_mortality" title="Infant mortality">infant mortality rate</a> of 65 per 1,000 live births.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011-2013, Odisha recorded a maternal mortality ratio (MMR) of 222 per 100,000 live births, according to a report by NITI Aayog. As of 2018, Odisha’s Human Development Index (HDI) stands at 0.606.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_128-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Total_fertility_rate" title="Total fertility rate">Total Fertility Rate (TFR)</a> in Odisha declined from 2.1 in 2015-16 to 1.8 in 2020-21, paralleling the national trend, which saw a decrease from 2.2 to 2.0 during the same period.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odisha&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Odisha" title="Hinduism in Odisha">Hinduism in Odisha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Odisha" title="Christianity in Odisha">Christianity in Odisha</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Odia_Muslims" title="Odia Muslims">Odia Muslims</a></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 159154.92214786px; border-left-color:white"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:white"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:white"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 8376.1780133552px; border-left-color:brown"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:brown"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:brown"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 7578.3669858236px; border-left-color:yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:yellow"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 6630.9532997179px; border-left-color:darkkhaki"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:darkkhaki"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:darkkhaki"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 5487.4940979036px; border-left-color:black"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:black"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:black"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 1109.9750318873px; border-left-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 434.53139796789px; border-left-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Blue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 236.36479100843px; border-left-color:darkorange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:darkorange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:darkorange"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Religion in Odisha (2011)<sup id="cite_ref-census2011-religion_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-religion-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:darkorange; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Odisha" title="Hinduism in Odisha">Hindu</a> (93.63%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Blue; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Odisha" title="Christianity in Odisha">Christian</a> (2.77%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:green; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Odia_Muslims" title="Odia Muslims">Muslim</a> (2.17%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:black; color:white;"> </span> Other religion (1.14%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:darkkhaki; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_India" title="Sikhism in India">Sikh</a> (0.05%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:yellow; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhism in India">Buddhist</a> (0.03%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:brown; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_India" title="Jainism in India">Jain</a> (0.02%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_India" title="Irreligion in India">No religion</a> (0.18%)</div> </div> </div></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Westindischer_Maler_um_1550_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Westindischer_Maler_um_1550_001.jpg/250px-Westindischer_Maler_um_1550_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Westindischer_Maler_um_1550_001.jpg/375px-Westindischer_Maler_um_1550_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Westindischer_Maler_um_1550_001.jpg/500px-Westindischer_Maler_um_1550_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1405" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gita_Govinda" title="Gita Govinda">Gita Govinda</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Based on the 2011 Census, Odisha has a predominantly Hindu population, with 93.63% adhering to <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>. <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> is the second-largest religion at 2.77%, followed by <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> at 2.17%. Smaller communities include <a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikhs</a> (0.05%), <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jains</a> (0.02%), and <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhists</a> (0.03%). Additionally, 1.14% of the population practices other religions, with <a href="/wiki/Sarnaism" title="Sarnaism">Sarna</a> being one of the prominent indigenous faiths,<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> particularly among tribal communities. A small segment, 0.18%, did not state their religious affiliation.<sup id="cite_ref-census2011-religion_130-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-religion-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Odisha is home to several Hindu figures. <a href="/wiki/Bhima_Bhoi" title="Bhima Bhoi">Sant Bhima Bhoi</a> was a leader of the <a href="/wiki/Mahima_Dharma" title="Mahima Dharma">Mahima sect</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sarala_Das" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarala Das">Sarala Das</a>, a Hindu <a href="/wiki/Khandayat" class="mw-redirect" title="Khandayat">Khandayat</a>, was the translator of the epic <a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a> into Odia. Chaitanya Das was a <a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Buddhistic-Vaishnava</a> and writer of the <i>Nirguna Mahatmya</i>. <a href="/wiki/Jayadeva" title="Jayadeva">Jayadeva</a> was the author of the <i><a href="/wiki/Gita_Govinda" title="Gita Govinda">Gita Govinda</a></i>. </p><p>The <i>Odisha Temple Authorisation Act</i> of 1948 empowered the government of Odisha to open temples for all Hindus, including Dalits.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Perhaps the oldest scripture of Odisha is the <i><a href="/wiki/Madala_Panji" title="Madala Panji">Madala Panji</a></i> from the Puri Temple believed from 1042 AD. Famous Hindu Odia scripture includes the 16th-century <i>Bhagabata</i> of <a href="/wiki/Jagannatha_Dasa_(Odia_poet)" title="Jagannatha Dasa (Odia poet)">Jagannatha Dasa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the modern times <a href="/wiki/Madhusudan_Rao" title="Madhusudan Rao">Madhusudan Rao</a> was a major Odia writer, who was a <a href="/wiki/Brahmo_Samaj" title="Brahmo Samaj">Brahmo Samajist</a> and shaped modern Odia literature at the start of the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Decadal_variations_among_religious_communities">Decadal variations among religious communities</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odisha&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Decadal variations among religious communities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Religious composition of Odisha (Source:<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Religion </th> <th colspan="2">1951 </th> <th colspan="2">1961 </th> <th colspan="2">1971 </th> <th colspan="2">1981 </th> <th colspan="2">1991 </th> <th colspan="2">2001 </th> <th colspan="2">2011 </th></tr> <tr> <th>Population </th> <th>% </th> <th>Population </th> <th>% </th> <th>Population </th> <th>% </th> <th>Population </th> <th>% </th> <th>Population </th> <th>% </th> <th>Population </th> <th>% </th> <th>Population </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></b> </td> <td>14,368,411 </td> <td>98.11 </td> <td>17,123,194 </td> <td>97.57 </td> <td>21,121,056 </td> <td>96.25 </td> <td>25,161,725 </td> <td>95.42</td> <td>29,971,257</td> <td>94.67</td> <td>34,726,129</td> <td>94.35</td> <td>39,300,341</td> <td>93.63 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></b> </td> <td>176,338 </td> <td>1.20 </td> <td>215,319 </td> <td>1.23 </td> <td>326,507 </td> <td>1.49 </td> <td>422,266 </td> <td>1.60</td> <td>577,775</td> <td>1.82</td> <td>761,985</td> <td>2.07</td> <td>911,670</td> <td>2.17 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></b> </td> <td>141,934 </td> <td>0.97 </td> <td>201,017 </td> <td>1.15 </td> <td>378,888 </td> <td>1.73 </td> <td>480,426 </td> <td>1.82</td> <td>666,220</td> <td>2.10</td> <td>897,861</td> <td>2.44</td> <td>1,161,708</td> <td>2.77 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a></b> </td> <td>4,163 </td> <td>0.03 </td> <td rowspan="5">9,316 </td> <td rowspan="5">0.05 </td> <td>10,204 </td> <td>0.04 </td> <td>14,270 </td> <td>0.05 </td> <td>17,296 </td> <td>0.05 </td> <td>17,492 </td> <td>0.05 </td> <td>21,991 </td> <td>0.05 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a></b> </td> <td>1,248 </td> <td>0.01 </td> <td>6,521 </td> <td>0.03 </td> <td>6,642 </td> <td>0.03</td> <td>6,302</td> <td>0.02</td> <td>9,154</td> <td>0.02</td> <td>9,420</td> <td>0.02 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></b> </td> <td>969 </td> <td>0.01 </td> <td>8,462 </td> <td>0.04 </td> <td>8,028 </td> <td>0.03</td> <td>9,153</td> <td>0.03</td> <td>9,863</td> <td>0.03</td> <td>13,852</td> <td>0.03 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Other Religions and Persuasions</b> </td> <td>2,883 </td> <td>0.02 </td> <td>91,859 </td> <td>0.42 </td> <td>273,596 </td> <td>1.04 </td> <td>397,798 </td> <td>1.26 </td> <td>361,981 </td> <td>0.98 </td> <td>478,317 </td> <td>1.14 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Not Stated</b> </td> <td>NA </td> <td>NA </td> <td>1,118 </td> <td>0.01 </td> <td>3,318 </td> <td>0.01</td> <td>13,935</td> <td>0.04</td> <td>20,195</td> <td>0.05</td> <td>76,919</td> <td>0.18 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total</b> </td> <td>14,645,946 </td> <td>100 </td> <td>17,548,846 </td> <td>100 </td> <td>21,944,615 </td> <td>100 </td> <td>26,370,271 </td> <td>100 </td> <td>31,659,736 </td> <td>100 </td> <td>36,804,660 </td> <td>100 </td> <td>41,974,218 </td> <td>100 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odisha&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia language</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bilingual_signboard_for_Registration_at_a_Hospital_in_Bhubaneswar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bilingual_signboard_for_Registration_at_a_Hospital_in_Bhubaneswar.jpg/220px-Bilingual_signboard_for_Registration_at_a_Hospital_in_Bhubaneswar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bilingual_signboard_for_Registration_at_a_Hospital_in_Bhubaneswar.jpg/330px-Bilingual_signboard_for_Registration_at_a_Hospital_in_Bhubaneswar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bilingual_signboard_for_Registration_at_a_Hospital_in_Bhubaneswar.jpg/440px-Bilingual_signboard_for_Registration_at_a_Hospital_in_Bhubaneswar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="1908" /></a><figcaption>Bilingual signboard in English and Odia</figcaption></figure> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright" style="align="><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:grey; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 239.71553195254px; border-left-color:violet"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:violet"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:violet"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 199.974269314px; border-left-color:lightsalmon"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:lightsalmon"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:lightsalmon"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 167.16726824144px; border-left-color:orangered"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:orangered"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:orangered"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 141.15146897941px; border-left-color:yellowgreen"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:yellowgreen"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:yellowgreen"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 114.87477060344px; border-left-color:chocolate"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:chocolate"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:chocolate"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 93.906250581749px; border-left-color:deeppink"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:deeppink"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:deeppink"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 72.079832242502px; border-left-color:forestgreen"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:forestgreen"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:forestgreen"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 52.545710044679px; border-left-color:blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:blue"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Languages of Odisha (2011)<sup id="cite_ref-census2011-langreport_141-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-langreport-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:blue; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a> (82.70%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:forestgreen; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Kui_language_(India)" title="Kui language (India)">Kui</a> (2.24%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:deeppink; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Santali_language" title="Santali language">Santali</a> (2.06%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:chocolate; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> (1.60%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:yellowgreen; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a> (1.59%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:orangered; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> (1.23%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:lightsalmon; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> (1.20%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:violet; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Mundari_language" title="Mundari language">Mundari</a> (1.09%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:grey; color:black;"> </span> Others (6.29%)</div> </div> </div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Languages_of_Odisha.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Languages_of_Odisha.svg/220px-Languages_of_Odisha.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Languages_of_Odisha.svg/330px-Languages_of_Odisha.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Languages_of_Odisha.svg/440px-Languages_of_Odisha.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="362" /></a><figcaption>Linguistic maps of Odisha</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a> is the official language of Odisha<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is spoken by 82.70% of the population according to the <a href="/wiki/2011_Census_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Census of India">2011 census of India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-census2011-langreport_141-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-langreport-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also one of the <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_India#Classical_languages_of_India" title="Languages of India">classical languages of India</a>. English is the official language of correspondence between state and the union of India. Spoken Odia is not homogeneous as one can find different dialects spoken across the state. Some of the major dialects found inside the state are <a href="/wiki/Sambalpuri_language" title="Sambalpuri language">Sambalpuri</a>, Cuttacki, Puri, <a href="/wiki/Baleswari_Odia" title="Baleswari Odia">Baleswari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ganjami_Odia" title="Ganjami Odia">Ganjami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Desia_language" title="Desia language">Desiya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalahandia_Odia" title="Kalahandia Odia">Kalahandia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phulbani_Odia" title="Phulbani Odia">Phulbani</a>. The standard language is based on the Cuttacki dialect. In addition to Odia, significant populations of people speaking other major Indian languages like <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> are also found in the state, mainly in cities.<sup id="cite_ref-LSI-Orissa_143-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LSI-Orissa-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The different <i><a href="/wiki/Adivasi" title="Adivasi">tribal (Adivasi) communities</a></i> who mostly reside in western and southern Odisha have their own languages belonging to <a href="/wiki/Munda_languages" title="Munda languages">Munda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dravidian_languages" title="Dravidian languages">Dravidian</a> family of languages. Some of these major tribal languages are <a href="/wiki/Santali_language" title="Santali language">Santali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kui_language_(India)" title="Kui language (India)">Kui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mundari_language" title="Mundari language">Mundari</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ho_language" title="Ho language">Ho</a>. Due to increasing contact with outsiders, migration and socioeconomic reasons many of these indigenous languages are slowly getting extinct or are on the verge of getting extinct.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_144-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Odisha Sahitya Academy Award was established in 1957 to actively develop Odia language and literature. The Odisha government launched a portal in 2018 to promote Odia language and literature.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odisha&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Odisha" title="Education in Odisha">Education in Odisha</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Utkal_University_Main_Gate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Utkal_University_Main_Gate.jpg/220px-Utkal_University_Main_Gate.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Utkal_University_Main_Gate.jpg/330px-Utkal_University_Main_Gate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Utkal_University_Main_Gate.jpg/440px-Utkal_University_Main_Gate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4518" data-file-height="3388" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Utkal_University" title="Utkal University">Utkal University</a> main gate</figcaption></figure> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1108px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ravenshaw_Panorama1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panoramic view of Ravenshaw University, Cuttack"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Ravenshaw_Panorama1.jpg/1100px-Ravenshaw_Panorama1.jpg" decoding="async" width="1100" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Ravenshaw_Panorama1.jpg/1650px-Ravenshaw_Panorama1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Ravenshaw_Panorama1.jpg/2200px-Ravenshaw_Panorama1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8617" data-file-height="1601" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Ravenshaw_Panorama1.jpg" title="File:Ravenshaw Panorama1.jpg"> </a></div>Panoramic view of <a href="/wiki/Ravenshaw_University" title="Ravenshaw University">Ravenshaw University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuttack" title="Cuttack">Cuttack</a></div></div></div> <p>Entry to various institutes of higher education especially into engineering degrees is through a centralised <a href="/wiki/Odisha_Joint_Entrance_Examination" title="Odisha Joint Entrance Examination">Odisha Joint Entrance Examination</a>, conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Biju_Patnaik_University_of_Technology" title="Biju Patnaik University of Technology">Biju Patnaik University of Technology</a> (BPUT), <a href="/wiki/Rourkela" title="Rourkela">Rourkela</a>, since 2003, where seats are provided according to order of merit.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Few of the engineering institutes enroll students by through <a href="/wiki/Joint_Entrance_Examination" title="Joint Entrance Examination">Joint Entrance Examination</a>. For medical courses, there is a corresponding <a href="/wiki/National_Eligibility_cum_Entrance_Test_(Undergraduate)" title="National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Undergraduate)">National Eligibility Cum Entrance Test</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odisha&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Odisha" title="Culture of Odisha">Culture of Odisha</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mayurbhanj_Chhau.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Mayurbhanj_Chhau.jpg/220px-Mayurbhanj_Chhau.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Mayurbhanj_Chhau.jpg/330px-Mayurbhanj_Chhau.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Mayurbhanj_Chhau.jpg/440px-Mayurbhanj_Chhau.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Mayurbhanj Chhau</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odisha&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Odisha" title="Cuisine of Odisha">Cuisine of Odisha</a></div> <p>Odisha has a culinary tradition spanning centuries. The kitchen of the <a href="/wiki/Jagannath_Temple,_Puri" title="Jagannath Temple, Puri">Shri Jagannath Temple, Puri</a> is reputed to be the largest in the world, with 1,000 chefs, working around 752 wood-burning clay hearths called <i>chulas</i>, to feed over 10,000 people each day.<sup id="cite_ref-AffairsAffairs1949_147-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AffairsAffairs1949-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SharmaGupta2006_148-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SharmaGupta2006-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The syrupy dessert <a href="/wiki/Rasagola" class="mw-redirect" title="Rasagola">Pahala rasagola</a> made in Odisha is known throughout the world.<sup id="cite_ref-ToI_Bishwa_2015_149-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ToI_Bishwa_2015-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Chhenapoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Chhenapoda">Chhenapoda</a> is another major Odisha sweet cuisine, which originated in <a href="/wiki/Nayagarh" title="Nayagarh">Nayagarh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-chenapodaorigin_150-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chenapodaorigin-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalma (a mix of dal and selected vegetables) is widely known cuisine, better served with ghee.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The "Odisha <a href="/wiki/Rasgulla" title="Rasgulla">Rasagola</a>" was awarded a GI tag 29 July 2019 after a long battle about the origin of the famous sweet with West Bengal.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dance">Dance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odisha&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Dance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Odissi" title="Odissi">Odissi</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sharmila_Biswas,_Odissi_dancer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Sharmila_Biswas%2C_Odissi_dancer.jpg/110px-Sharmila_Biswas%2C_Odissi_dancer.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Sharmila_Biswas%2C_Odissi_dancer.jpg/165px-Sharmila_Biswas%2C_Odissi_dancer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Sharmila_Biswas%2C_Odissi_dancer.jpg/220px-Sharmila_Biswas%2C_Odissi_dancer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="924" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sharmila_Biswas" title="Sharmila Biswas">Sharmila Biswas</a> performing <a href="/wiki/Odissi" title="Odissi">Odissi</a> dance</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Odissi" title="Odissi">Odissi</a> dance and music are classical art forms. Odissi is the oldest surviving dance form in India on the basis of archaeological evidence.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Odissi has a long, unbroken tradition of 2,000 years, and finds mention in the <i><a href="/wiki/Natya_Shastra" title="Natya Shastra">Natyashastra</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Bharata_Muni" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharata Muni">Bharatamuni</a>, possibly written c. 200 BC. However, the dance form nearly became extinct during the British period, only to be revived after India's independence by a few gurus. </p><p>The variety of dances includes <a href="/wiki/Ghumura_dance" title="Ghumura dance">Ghumura dance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chhau_dance" title="Chhau dance">Chhau dance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jhumair" title="Jhumair">Jhumair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahari_dance" title="Mahari dance">Mahari dance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dalkhai" title="Dalkhai">Dalkhai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dhemsa" title="Dhemsa">Dhemsa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gotipua" title="Gotipua">Gotipua</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odisha&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Odisha" title="Sports in Odisha">Sports in Odisha</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barabati_Stadium_IPL_Match_Pune_Warriors_India_vs._Deccan_Chargers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Barabati_Stadium_IPL_Match_Pune_Warriors_India_vs._Deccan_Chargers.jpg/220px-Barabati_Stadium_IPL_Match_Pune_Warriors_India_vs._Deccan_Chargers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Barabati_Stadium_IPL_Match_Pune_Warriors_India_vs._Deccan_Chargers.jpg/330px-Barabati_Stadium_IPL_Match_Pune_Warriors_India_vs._Deccan_Chargers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Barabati_Stadium_IPL_Match_Pune_Warriors_India_vs._Deccan_Chargers.jpg/440px-Barabati_Stadium_IPL_Match_Pune_Warriors_India_vs._Deccan_Chargers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Barabati_Stadium" title="Barabati Stadium">Barabati Stadium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cuttack" title="Cuttack">Cuttack</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The state of Odisha has hosted several international sporting events, including the <a href="/wiki/2018_Men%27s_Hockey_World_Cup" title="2018 Men's Hockey World Cup">2018 Men's Hockey World Cup</a>, <a href="/wiki/2022_FIFA_U-17_Women%27s_World_Cup" title="2022 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup">2022 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup</a> and <a href="/wiki/2023_Men%27s_Hockey_World_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Men's Hockey World Cup">2023 Men's Hockey World Cup</a>. </p><p>Sports stadiums in Odisha include: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_Stadium" title="Kalinga Stadium">Kalinga Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barabati_Stadium" title="Barabati Stadium">Barabati Stadium</a></li> <li>Jawaharlal Nehru Indoor Stadium</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_Railway_Stadium" title="East Coast Railway Stadium">East Coast Railway Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biju_Patnaik_Hockey_Stadium" title="Biju Patnaik Hockey Stadium">Biju Patnaik Hockey Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIIT_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="KIIT Stadium">KIIT Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veer_Surendra_Sai_Stadium" title="Veer Surendra Sai Stadium">Veer Surendra Sai Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birsa_Munda_International_Hockey_Stadium" title="Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium">Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium</a><sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>There are some High Performance Centres in the state as well which have been set up at Kalinga Stadium for the development of respective sports in Odisha. Some of the HPCs are as follows: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhinav_Bindra" title="Abhinav Bindra">Abhinav Bindra</a> Targeting Performance (ABTP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalmia_Group" title="Dalmia Group">Dalmia Bharat</a> Gopichand Badminton Academy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/JSW_Steel_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="JSW Steel Ltd">JSW</a> Swimming HPC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khelo_India" title="Khelo India">Khelo India</a> State Centre of Excellence (KISCE) for Athletics, Hockey, and Weightlifting</li> <li>KJS Ahluwalia and Tenvic Sports HPC for Weightlifting</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha_Naval_Tata_Hockey_High_Performance_Centre" title="Odisha Naval Tata Hockey High Performance Centre">Odisha Naval Tata Hockey High Performance Centre</a> (ONTHHPC) <sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Odisha <a href="/wiki/Aditya_Vikram_Birla" title="Aditya Vikram Birla">Aditya Birla</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gagan_Narang" title="Gagan Narang">Gagan Narang</a> Shooting HPC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reliance_Industries" title="Reliance Industries">Reliance</a> Foundation Odisha Athletics HPC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_Authority_of_India" title="Sports Authority of India">SAI</a> Regional Badminton Academy<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Udaan Badminton Academy<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Football_Federation" title="All India Football Federation">AIFF</a> High Performance Centre<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odisha&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Odisha" title="Tourism in Odisha">Tourism in Odisha</a></div> <p>The Lingaraja Temple at <a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar">Bhubaneswar</a> has a 150-foot (46 m) high deula while the <a href="/wiki/Jagannath_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Jagannath Temple">Jagannath Temple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puri" title="Puri">Puri</a> is about 200 feet (61 m) high and dominates the skyline. Only a portion of the <a href="/wiki/Konark_Sun_Temple" title="Konark Sun Temple">Konark Sun Temple</a> at <a href="/wiki/Konark" title="Konark">Konark</a> in <a href="/wiki/Puri_district" title="Puri district">Puri district</a>, the largest of the temples of the "Holy Golden Triangle" exists today, and it is still staggering in size. It stands out as a masterpiece in Odisha architecture. <a href="/wiki/Sarala_Temple" title="Sarala Temple">Sarala Temple</a>, regarded as one of the most spiritually elevated expressions of Shaktism is in <a href="/wiki/Jagatsinghpur_district" title="Jagatsinghpur district">Jagatsinghpur district</a>. It is also one of the holiest places in Odisha and a major tourist attraction. <a href="/wiki/Maa_Tarini_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Maa Tarini Temple">Maa Tarini Temple</a> situated in <a href="/wiki/Kendujhar_district" title="Kendujhar district">Kendujhar district</a> is also a famous pilgrimage destination. Every day thousands of coconuts are given to Maa Tarini by devotees for fulfilling their wishes.<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Odisha's varying topography – from the wooded Eastern Ghats to the fertile river basin – has proven ideal for evolution of compact and unique ecosystems. This creates treasure troves of flora and fauna that are inviting to many migratory species of birds and reptiles. <a href="/wiki/Bhitarkanika_National_Park" title="Bhitarkanika National Park">Bhitarkanika National Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kendrapada_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Kendrapada district">Kendrapada district</a> is famous for its second largest mangrove ecosystem. The bird sanctuary in <a href="/wiki/Chilika_Lake" title="Chilika Lake">Chilika Lake</a> (Asia's largest brackish water lake). The tiger reserve and waterfalls in <a href="/wiki/Simlipal_National_Park" title="Simlipal National Park">Simlipal National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mayurbhanj_district" title="Mayurbhanj district">Mayurbhanj district</a> are integral parts of eco-<a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Odisha" title="Tourism in Odisha">tourism in Odisha</a>, arranged by Odisha Tourism.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Daringbadi" title="Daringbadi">Daringbadi</a> is a hill station in the <a href="/wiki/Kandhamal_district" title="Kandhamal district">Kandhamal district</a>. It is known as "Kashmir of Odisha", for its climatic similarity. Chandipur, in <a href="/wiki/Baleswar_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Baleswar district">Baleswar district</a> is a calm and serene site, is mostly unexplored by tourists. The unique speciality of this beach is the ebb tides that recede up to 4 km and tend to disappear rhythmically. </p><p>In the western part of Odisha, <a href="/wiki/Hirakud_Dam" title="Hirakud Dam">Hirakud Dam</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sambalpur_district" title="Sambalpur district">Sambalpur district</a> is the longest earthen dam in the World. It also forms the biggest artificial lake in Asia. The <a href="/wiki/Debrigarh_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary">Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary</a> is situated near Hirakud Dam. <a href="/wiki/Samaleswari_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Samaleswari Temple">Samaleswari Temple</a> is a Hindu temple in <a href="/wiki/Sambalpur" title="Sambalpur">Sambalpur</a> city, dedicated to the goddess known as 'Samaleswari', the presiding deity of Sambalpur, is a strong religious force in western part of Odisha and <a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a> state. The <a href="/wiki/Leaning_Temple_of_Huma" title="Leaning Temple of Huma">Leaning Temple of Huma</a> is located near Sambalpur. The temple is dedicated to the Hindu god Lord Bimaleshwar. Sri Sri <a href="/wiki/Harishankar" class="mw-redirect" title="Harishankar">Harishankar</a> Devasthana, is a temple on the slopes of <a href="/wiki/Gandhamardhan_hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Gandhamardhan hills">Gandhamardhan hills</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balangir_district" title="Balangir district">Balangir district</a>. It is popular for its scenes of nature and connection to two Hindu lords, <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a>. On the opposite side of the Gandhamardhan hills is the temple of Sri <a href="/wiki/Nrusinghanath" class="mw-redirect" title="Nrusinghanath">Nrusinghanath</a>, is situated at the foothills of Gandhamardhan Hill near <a href="/wiki/Paikmal" title="Paikmal">Paikmal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bargarh_district" title="Bargarh district">Bargarh district</a>. </p><p>In the southern part of Odisha, The <a href="/wiki/Taratarini_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Taratarini Temple">Taratarini Temple</a> on the Kumari hills at the bank of the Rushikulya River near <a href="/wiki/Berhampur" title="Berhampur">Berhampur</a> city in <a href="/wiki/Ganjam_district" title="Ganjam district">Ganjam district</a>. Here worshiped as the Breast Shrine (Sthana Peetha) and manifestations of Adi Shakti. The Tara Tarini Shakti Peetha is one of the oldest pilgrimage centers of the Mother Goddess and is one of four major ancient Tantra Peetha and <a href="/wiki/Shakti_Peethas" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakti Peethas">Shakti Peethas</a> in India. <a href="/wiki/Deomali" title="Deomali">Deomali</a> is a mountain peak of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ghats" title="Eastern Ghats">Eastern Ghats</a>. It is located in <a href="/wiki/Koraput_district" title="Koraput district">Koraput district</a>. This peak with an elevation of about 1,672 m, is the highest peak in Odisha. </p><p>The share of foreign tourists' arrival in the state is below one per cent of total foreign tourist arrivals at all India level.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 179.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 177.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rath_Yatra_Puri_07-11027.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Rath Yatra in Jagannath Temple, Puri"><img alt="The Rath Yatra in Jagannath Temple, Puri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Rath_Yatra_Puri_07-11027.jpg/266px-Rath_Yatra_Puri_07-11027.jpg" decoding="async" width="178" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Rath_Yatra_Puri_07-11027.jpg/399px-Rath_Yatra_Puri_07-11027.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Rath_Yatra_Puri_07-11027.jpg/532px-Rath_Yatra_Puri_07-11027.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1589" data-file-height="1075" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Rath_Yatra" class="mw-redirect" title="Rath Yatra">Rath Yatra</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jagannath_Temple,_Puri" title="Jagannath Temple, Puri">Jagannath Temple, Puri</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 173.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tarni_temple_Gate_view.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Maa Tarini Temple, Ghatgaon"><img alt="Maa Tarini Temple, Ghatgaon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Tarni_temple_Gate_view.JPG/260px-Tarni_temple_Gate_view.JPG" decoding="async" width="174" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Tarni_temple_Gate_view.JPG/389px-Tarni_temple_Gate_view.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Tarni_temple_Gate_view.JPG/519px-Tarni_temple_Gate_view.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2776" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Maa_Tarini_Temple,_Ghatgaon" title="Maa Tarini Temple, Ghatgaon">Maa Tarini Temple, Ghatgaon</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 171.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 169.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gundichaghagi_Waterfall,_Keonjhar_During_monsoons.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Gundichaghagi waterfall Keonjhar during monsoons"><img alt="Gundichaghagi waterfall Keonjhar during monsoons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Gundichaghagi_Waterfall%2C_Keonjhar_During_monsoons.png/254px-Gundichaghagi_Waterfall%2C_Keonjhar_During_monsoons.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Gundichaghagi_Waterfall%2C_Keonjhar_During_monsoons.png/380px-Gundichaghagi_Waterfall%2C_Keonjhar_During_monsoons.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Gundichaghagi_Waterfall%2C_Keonjhar_During_monsoons.png/507px-Gundichaghagi_Waterfall%2C_Keonjhar_During_monsoons.png 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="767" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Keonjhar" class="mw-redirect" title="Keonjhar">Gundichaghagi waterfall Keonjhar</a> during monsoons</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odisha&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Odisha" title="Outline of Odisha">Outline of Odisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India" title="East India">East India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_people" title="Odia people">Odia people</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odisha&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2005/ORA-2005.htm">"Orissa Annual Reference 2005"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120627130051/http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2005/ORA-2005.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Orissa+Annual+Reference+2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Forissa.gov.in%2Fe-magazine%2Forissaannualreference%2FORA-2005%2FORA-2005.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/2016/April/engpdf/odisha%20review-2016_april.pdf">"Odisha Review 2016"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180402101410/http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/2016/April/engpdf/odisha%20review-2016_april.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Odisha+Review+2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmagazines.odisha.gov.in%2FOrissareview%2F2016%2FApril%2Fengpdf%2Fodisha%2520review-2016_april.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Socio-economic_cover_page_of_Rural_India_(series_II).:_Eastern_India_(Orissa,_Jharkhand,_West_Bengal,_Bihar_and_Uttar_Pradesh)_2011_p._73-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Socio-economic_cover_page_of_Rural_India_(series_II).:_Eastern_India_(Orissa,_Jharkhand,_West_Bengal,_Bihar_and_Uttar_Pradesh)_2011_p._73_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Fi_rz0_1ELUC&pg=PA73"><i>Socio-economic Profile of Rural India (series II).: Eastern India (Orissa, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh)</i></a>. Centre for Rural Studies, L.B.S. National Academy of Administration, Mussoorie. 2011. p. 73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-8069-723-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-8069-723-4"><bdi>978-81-8069-723-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Socio-economic+Profile+of+Rural+India+%28series+II%29.%3A+Eastern+India+%28Orissa%2C+Jharkhand%2C+West+Bengal%2C+Bihar+and+Uttar+Pradesh%29&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=Centre+for+Rural+Studies%2C+L.B.S.+National+Academy+of+Administration%2C+Mussoorie&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-81-8069-723-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFi_rz0_1ELUC%26pg%3DPA73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.india9.com/i9show/Deomali-Peak-57564.htm">"Deomali Peak in Koraput India"</a>. <i>www.india9.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230324211121/https://www.india9.com/i9show/Deomali-Peak-57564.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.india9.com&rft.atitle=Deomali+Peak+in+Koraput+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.india9.com%2Fi9show%2FDeomali-Peak-57564.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CensusIndia2011PCA12018-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CensusIndia2011PCA12018_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CensusIndia2011PCA12018_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/PCA_Highlights/pca_highlights_file/India/Chapter-1.pdf">"Population, Size and Decadal Change"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Primary Census Abstract Data Highlights, <a href="/wiki/Census_of_India" title="Census of India">Census of India</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Registrar_General_and_Census_Commissioner_of_India" title="Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India">Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India</a>. 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191019035341/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/PCA_Highlights/pca_highlights_file/India/Chapter-1.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 19 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Primary+Census+Abstract+Data+Highlights%2C+Census+of+India&rft.atitle=Population%2C+Size+and+Decadal+Change&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2FPCA%2FPCA_Highlights%2Fpca_highlights_file%2FIndia%2FChapter-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nclmanurep2010-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nclmanurep2010_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120513161847/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM47thReport.pdf">"Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 47th report (July 2008 to June 2010)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India. pp. 122–126. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM47thReport.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 13 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+of+the+Commissioner+for+linguistic+minorities%3A+47th+report+%28July+2008+to+June+2010%29&rft.pages=122-126&rft.pub=Commissioner+for+Linguistic+Minorities%2C+Ministry+of+Minority+Affairs%2C+Government+of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnclm.nic.in%2Fshared%2Flinkimages%2FNCLM47thReport.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pc.odisha.gov.in/sites/default/files/2024-07/OES%20Chapter_1%28Main%20Booklet%29_0.pdf">"ODISHA Economic Survey Page 13"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>ODISHA Economic Survey</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ODISHA+Economic+Survey&rft.atitle=ODISHA+Economic+Survey+Page+13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpc.odisha.gov.in%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2024-07%2FOES%2520Chapter_1%2528Main%2520Booklet%2529_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MOSPI-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MOSPI_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MOSPI_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prsindia.org/parliamenttrack/budgets/odisha-budget-analysis-2020-21">"Odisha Budget analysis"</a>. <i>PRS India</i>. 18 February 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201029164451/https://www.prsindia.org/parliamenttrack/budgets/odisha-budget-analysis-2020-21">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PRS+India&rft.atitle=Odisha+Budget+analysis&rft.date=2020-02-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prsindia.org%2Fparliamenttrack%2Fbudgets%2Fodisha-budget-analysis-2020-21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:IN">"Standard: ISO 3166 — Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160617031837/https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:IN">Archived</a> from the original on 17 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vehicle+registration+number%3A+OD+to+replace+OR+from+today&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newindianexpress.com%2Fstates%2Fodisha%2F2012%2FSep%2F01%2Fvehicle-registration-number-od-to-replace-or-from-today-402096.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/?interpolation=0&extrapolation=0&nearest_real=0">"Sub-national HDI – Subnational HDI – Global Data Lab"</a>. <i>globaldatalab.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112015724/https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/?interpolation=0&extrapolation=0&nearest_real=0">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census+of+India&rft.atitle=State+of+Literacy&rft.pages=110&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2F2011-prov-results%2Fdata_files%2Findia%2FFinal_PPT_2011_chapter6.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://main.mohfw.gov.in/basicpage-14">"Sex ratio of State and Union Territories of India as per National Health survey (2019–2021)"</a>. <i>Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230108164803/https://main.mohfw.gov.in/basicpage-14">Archived</a> from the original on 8 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cabinet+approved+Odia+as+Classical+Language&rft.date=2014-02-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jagranjosh.com%2Fcurrent-affairs%2Fcabinet-approved-odia-as-classical-language-1392954604-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GovHistory-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GovHistory_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GovHistory_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GovHistory_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GovHistory_25-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061112195307/http://www.orissa.gov.in/history1.htm">"Detail History of Orissa"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Odisha" title="Government of Odisha">Government of Odisha</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Utkala+Dibasa+hails+colours%2C+flavours+of+Odisha&rft.date=2014-04-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Flucknow%2FUtkala-Dibasa-hails-colours-flavours-of-Odisha%2Farticleshow%2F33095967.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chakraborty1985-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chakraborty1985_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRabindra_Nath_Chakraborty1985" class="citation book cs1">Rabindra Nath Chakraborty (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PItbvfAvVggC&pg=PA17"><i>National Integration in Historical Perspective: A Cultural Regeneration in Eastern India</i></a>. Mittal Publications. pp. 17–. GGKEY:CNFHULBK119. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130515095045/http://books.google.com/books?id=PItbvfAvVggC&pg=PA17">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=National+Integration+in+Historical+Perspective%3A+A+Cultural+Regeneration+in+Eastern+India&rft.pages=17-&rft.pub=Mittal+Publications&rft.date=1985&rft.au=Rabindra+Nath+Chakraborty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPItbvfAvVggC%26pg%3DPA17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kalia1994-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kalia1994_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRavi_Kalia1994" class="citation book cs1">Ravi Kalia (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F2YSPiKbmHkC&pg=PA23"><i>Bhubaneswar: From a Temple Town to a Capital City</i></a>. SIU Press. p. 23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8093-1876-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8093-1876-6"><bdi>978-0-8093-1876-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110847/https://books.google.com/books?id=F2YSPiKbmHkC&pg=PA23">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bhubaneswar%3A+From+a+Temple+Town+to+a+Capital+City&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=SIU+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-8093-1876-6&rft.au=Ravi+Kalia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF2YSPiKbmHkC%26pg%3DPA23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-snhdi-gdl-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-snhdi-gdl_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/">"Sub-national HDI – Area Database"</a>. <i>Global Data Lab</i>. Institute for Management Research, Radboud University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180923120638/https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+Data+Lab&rft.atitle=Sub-national+HDI+%E2%80%93+Area+Database&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdi.globaldatalab.org%2Fareadata%2Fshdi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-orissareview-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-orissareview_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatel2010" class="citation book cs1">Patel, C.B (April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150619163833/http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2010/April/engpdf/28-30.pdf"><i>Origin and Evolution of the Name ODISA</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Bhubaneswar: I&PR Department, Government of Odisha. pp. 28, 29, 30. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2010/April/engpdf/28-30.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 19 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Origin+and+Evolution+of+the+Name+ODISA&rft.place=Bhubaneswar&rft.pages=28%2C+29%2C+30&rft.pub=I%26PR+Department%2C+Government+of+Odisha&rft.date=2010-04&rft.aulast=Patel&rft.aufirst=C.B&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fodisha.gov.in%2Fe-magazine%2FOrissareview%2F2010%2FApril%2Fengpdf%2F28-30.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Acharya2008-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Acharya2008_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPritish_Acharya2008" class="citation book cs1">Pritish Acharya (11 March 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LoaHAwAAQBAJ&pg=PR19"><i>National Movement and Politics in Orissa, 1920–1929</i></a>. SAGE Publications. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-321-0001-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-321-0001-0"><bdi>978-81-321-0001-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=LoaHAwAAQBAJ&pg=PR19">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=National+Movement+and+Politics+in+Orissa%2C+1920%E2%80%931929&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=2008-03-11&rft.isbn=978-81-321-0001-0&rft.au=Pritish+Acharya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLoaHAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPR19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AmidClashBillPass-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AmidClashBillPass_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/amid-clash-house-passes-bills-to-rename-orissa-its-language/article876145.ece">"Amid clash, House passes Bills to rename Orissa, its language"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. 9 November 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151017164642/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/amid-clash-house-passes-bills-to-rename-orissa-its-language/article876145.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Amid+clash%2C+House+passes+Bills+to+rename+Orissa%2C+its+language&rft.date=2010-11-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Famid-clash-house-passes-bills-to-rename-orissa-its-language%2Farticle876145.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ChangeOrissaName-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ChangeOrissaName_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ndtv.com/bhubaneshwar-news/parliament-passes-bill-to-change-orissas-name-451027">"Parliament passes bill to change Orissa's name"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NDTV" title="NDTV">NDTV</a>. 24 March 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150203144151/http://www.ndtv.com/bhubaneshwar-news/parliament-passes-bill-to-change-orissas-name-451027">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Parliament+passes+bill+to+change+Orissa%27s+name&rft.date=2011-03-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndtv.com%2Fbhubaneshwar-news%2Fparliament-passes-bill-to-change-orissas-name-451027&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rediff.com/news/2008/jun/10orissa.htm">"Orissa wants to change its name to Odisha"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rediff.com" title="Rediff.com">Rediff.com</a></i>. 10 June 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201125022611/https://www.rediff.com/news/2008/jun/10orissa.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 25 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rediff.com&rft.atitle=Orissa+wants+to+change+its+name+to+Odisha&rft.date=2008-06-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rediff.com%2Fnews%2F2008%2Fjun%2F10orissa.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ghosh2012-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ghosh2012_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmalananda_Ghosh1990" class="citation book cs1">Amalananda Ghosh (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Wba-EZhZcfgC&q=Acheulian%20orissa&pg=PA25"><i>An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology</i></a>. BRILL. p. 24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9004092641" title="Special:BookSources/9004092641"><bdi>9004092641</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=Wba-EZhZcfgC&lpg=PA25&ots=zRfcBno4vb&dq=Acheulian%20orissa&pg=PA25#v=onepage&q=Acheulian%20orissa&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Encyclopaedia+of+Indian+Archaeology&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=9004092641&rft.au=Amalananda+Ghosh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWba-EZhZcfgC%26q%3DAcheulian%2520orissa%26pg%3DPA25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sonofvaruna-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sonofvaruna_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSubodh_Kapoor2004" class="citation book cs1">Subodh Kapoor, ed. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uwHj-Z-dMcsC&q=Srutayudha&pg=PA784"><i>An Introduction to Epic Philosophy: Epic Period, History, Literature, Pantheon, Philosophy, Traditions, and Mythology, Volume 3</i></a>. Genesis Publishing. p. 784. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788177558814" title="Special:BookSources/9788177558814"><bdi>9788177558814</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110847/https://books.google.com/books?id=uwHj-Z-dMcsC&lpg=PA784&dq=Srutayudha&pg=PA784">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2012</span>. <q>Finally Srutayudha, a valiant hero, was son Varuna and of the river Parnasa.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Epic+Philosophy%3A+Epic+Period%2C+History%2C+Literature%2C+Pantheon%2C+Philosophy%2C+Traditions%2C+and+Mythology%2C+Volume+3&rft.pages=784&rft.pub=Genesis+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9788177558814&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuwHj-Z-dMcsC%26q%3DSrutayudha%26pg%3DPA784&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vayu-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vayu_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDevendrakumar_Rajaram_Patil1946" class="citation book cs1">Devendrakumar Rajaram Patil (1946). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Jmnm-smZm6oC&q=bali%20sudesna&pg=PA46"><i>Cultural History from the Vāyu Purāna</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass Pub. p. 46. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788120820852" title="Special:BookSources/9788120820852"><bdi>9788120820852</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=Jmnm-smZm6oC&lpg=PA46&dq=bali%20sudesna&pg=PA46#v=onepage&q=bali%20sudesna&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cultural+History+from+the+V%C4%81yu+Pur%C4%81na&rft.pages=46&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass+Pub.&rft.date=1946&rft.isbn=9788120820852&rft.au=Devendrakumar+Rajaram+Patil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJmnm-smZm6oC%26q%3Dbali%2520sudesna%26pg%3DPA46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sudama Misra (1973). <i>Janapada state in ancient India</i>. Bhāratīya Vidyā Prakāśana. p. 78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DanceBow-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DanceBow_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.prm.ox.ac.uk/weapons/index.php/tour-by-region/asia/asia/arms-and-armour-asia-141/index.html">"Dance bow (1965.3.5)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pitt_Rivers_Museum" title="Pitt Rivers Museum">Pitt Rivers Museum</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150202160400/http://web.prm.ox.ac.uk/weapons/index.php/tour-by-region/asia/asia/arms-and-armour-asia-141/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dance+bow+%281965.3.5%29&rft.pub=Pitt+Rivers+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.prm.ox.ac.uk%2Fweapons%2Findex.php%2Ftour-by-region%2Fasia%2Fasia%2Farms-and-armour-asia-141%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pati2008-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pati2008_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRabindra_Nath_Pati2008" class="citation book cs1">Rabindra Nath Pati (1 January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_5seKkk3GkIC&pg=PA97"><i>Family Planning</i></a>. APH Publishing. p. 97. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-313-0352-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-313-0352-8"><bdi>978-81-313-0352-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=_5seKkk3GkIC&pg=PA97">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Family+Planning&rft.pages=97&rft.pub=APH+Publishing&rft.date=2008-01-01&rft.isbn=978-81-313-0352-8&rft.au=Rabindra+Nath+Pati&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_5seKkk3GkIC%26pg%3DPA97&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chatterjee1998-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chatterjee1998_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuhas_Chatterjee1998" class="citation book cs1">Suhas Chatterjee (1 January 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KItocaxbibUC&pg=PA68"><i>Indian Civilization And Culture</i></a>. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. p. 68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7533-083-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7533-083-2"><bdi>978-81-7533-083-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130515091723/http://books.google.com/books?id=KItocaxbibUC&pg=PA68">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Civilization+And+Culture&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=M.D.+Publications+Pvt.+Ltd.&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.isbn=978-81-7533-083-2&rft.au=Suhas+Chatterjee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKItocaxbibUC%26pg%3DPA68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ashoka-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ashoka_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ashoka_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHermann_KulkeDietmar_Rothermund2004" class="citation book cs1">Hermann Kulke; Dietmar Rothermund (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TPVq3ykHyH4C&q=ashoka%20261%20BC%20history&pg=PA66"><i>A History of India</i></a>. Routledge. p. 66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415329194" title="Special:BookSources/9780415329194"><bdi>9780415329194</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=TPVq3ykHyH4C&lpg=PA66&dq=ashoka%20261%20BC%20history&pg=PA66#v=onepage&q=ashoka%20261%20BC%20history&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+India&rft.pages=66&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780415329194&rft.au=Hermann+Kulke&rft.au=Dietmar+Rothermund&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTPVq3ykHyH4C%26q%3Dashoka%2520261%2520BC%2520history%26pg%3DPA66&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Radhakumud1995-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Radhakumud1995_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Radhakumud1995_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMookerji_Radhakumud1995" class="citation book cs1">Mookerji Radhakumud (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uXyftdtE1ygC&pg=PA214"><i>Asoka</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 214. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-0582-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-0582-8"><bdi>978-81-208-0582-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=uXyftdtE1ygC&pg=PA214">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asoka&rft.pages=214&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-81-208-0582-8&rft.au=Mookerji+Radhakumud&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuXyftdtE1ygC%26pg%3DPA214&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sen1999-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sen1999_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSailendra_Nath_Sen1999" class="citation book cs1">Sailendra Nath Sen (1 January 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&pg=PA153"><i>Ancient Indian History and Civilization</i></a>. New Age International. p. 153. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-224-1198-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-224-1198-0"><bdi>978-81-224-1198-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&pg=PA153">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Indian+History+and+Civilization&rft.pages=153&rft.pub=New+Age+International&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.isbn=978-81-224-1198-0&rft.au=Sailendra+Nath+Sen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWk4_ICH_g1EC%26pg%3DPA153&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Texas2006-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Texas2006_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAustin_Patrick_Olivelle_Alma_Cowden_Madden_Centennial_Professor_in_Liberal_Arts_University_of_Texas2006" class="citation book cs1">Austin Patrick Olivelle Alma Cowden Madden Centennial Professor in Liberal Arts University of Texas (19 June 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=efaOR_-YsIcC&pg=PA78"><i>Between the Empires : Society in India 300 BCE to 400 CE: Society in India 300 BCE to 400 CE</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 78. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-977507-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-977507-1"><bdi>978-0-19-977507-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=efaOR_-YsIcC&pg=PA78">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Between+the+Empires+%3A+Society+in+India+300+BCE+to+400+CE%3A+Society+in+India+300+BCE+to+400+CE&rft.pages=78&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006-06-19&rft.isbn=978-0-19-977507-1&rft.au=Austin+Patrick+Olivelle+Alma+Cowden+Madden+Centennial+Professor+in+Liberal+Arts+University+of+Texas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DefaOR_-YsIcC%26pg%3DPA78&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reddy2006-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Reddy2006_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReddy2006" class="citation book cs1">Reddy (1 December 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CeEmpfmbxKEC&pg=SL1-PA253"><i>Indian Hist (Opt)</i></a>. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. p. A254. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-063577-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-063577-7"><bdi>978-0-07-063577-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=CeEmpfmbxKEC&pg=SL1-PA253">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Hist+%28Opt%29&rft.pages=A254&rft.pub=Tata+McGraw-Hill+Education&rft.date=2006-12-01&rft.isbn=978-0-07-063577-7&rft.au=Reddy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCeEmpfmbxKEC%26pg%3DSL1-PA253&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MazdaWXQFuQC&pg=PA74"><i>Indian History</i></a>. Allied Publishers. 1988. p. 74. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-8424-568-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-8424-568-4"><bdi>978-81-8424-568-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=MazdaWXQFuQC&pg=PA74">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+History&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=Allied+Publishers&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-81-8424-568-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMazdaWXQFuQC%26pg%3DPA74&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davidson2013-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Davidson2013_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRonald_M._Davidson2013" class="citation book cs1">Ronald M. Davidson (13 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nwyeIyWTlEMC&pg=PT60"><i>Indian Esoteric Buddhism: A Social History of the Tantric Movement</i></a>. Columbia University Press. p. 60. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-50102-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-50102-6"><bdi>978-0-231-50102-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=nwyeIyWTlEMC&pg=PT60">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Esoteric+Buddhism%3A+A+Social+History+of+the+Tantric+Movement&rft.pages=60&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2013-08-13&rft.isbn=978-0-231-50102-6&rft.au=Ronald+M.+Davidson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnwyeIyWTlEMC%26pg%3DPT60&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Majumdar1996-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Majumdar1996_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFR._C._Majumdar1996" class="citation book cs1">R. C. Majumdar (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LNCcpkqesJ0C&pg=PA28"><i>Outline of the History of Kalinga</i></a>. Asian Educational Services. p. 28. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-206-1194-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-206-1194-8"><bdi>978-81-206-1194-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=LNCcpkqesJ0C&pg=PA28">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Outline+of+the+History+of+Kalinga&rft.pages=28&rft.pub=Asian+Educational+Services&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-81-206-1194-8&rft.au=R.+C.+Majumdar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLNCcpkqesJ0C%26pg%3DPA28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dalal2014-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dalal2014_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoshen_Dalal2014" class="citation book cs1">Roshen Dalal (18 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=87k0AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT559"><i>The Religions of India: A Concise Guide to Nine Major Faiths</i></a>. Penguin Books Limited. p. 559. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-8475-396-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-8475-396-7"><bdi>978-81-8475-396-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=87k0AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT559">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Religions+of+India%3A+A+Concise+Guide+to+Nine+Major+Faiths&rft.pages=559&rft.pub=Penguin+Books+Limited&rft.date=2014-04-18&rft.isbn=978-81-8475-396-7&rft.au=Roshen+Dalal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D87k0AwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT559&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IndianHistory-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IndianHistory_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X4j7Nf_MU24C&pg=SL2-PA3"><i>Indian History</i></a>. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. 1960. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-132923-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-132923-1"><bdi>978-0-07-132923-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140101141813/http://books.google.com/books?id=X4j7Nf_MU24C&pg=SL2-PA3">Archived</a> from the original on 1 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+History&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Tata+McGraw-Hill+Education&rft.date=1960&rft.isbn=978-0-07-132923-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX4j7Nf_MU24C%26pg%3DSL2-PA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sen2-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sen2_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSen2013" class="citation book cs1">Sen, Sailendra (2013). <i>A Textbook of Medieval Indian History</i>. Primus Books. pp. 121–122. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-80607-34-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-80607-34-4"><bdi>978-93-80607-34-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Textbook+of+Medieval+Indian+History&rft.pages=121-122&rft.pub=Primus+Books&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-93-80607-34-4&rft.aulast=Sen&rft.aufirst=Sailendra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hMCbjkhA_ncC&pg=PA27"><i>Orissa General Knowledge</i></a>. Bright Publications. p. 27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7199-574-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7199-574-5"><bdi>978-81-7199-574-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=hMCbjkhA_ncC&pg=PA27">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Orissa+General+Knowledge&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=Bright+Publications&rft.isbn=978-81-7199-574-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhMCbjkhA_ncC%26pg%3DPA27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-O'malley2007-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-O'malley2007_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFL.S.S._O'Malley2007" class="citation book cs1">L.S.S. O'Malley (1 January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pwD0-YV2LCYC&pg=PA33"><i>Bengal District Gazetteer : Puri</i></a>. Concept Publishing Company. p. 33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7268-138-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7268-138-8"><bdi>978-81-7268-138-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110847/https://books.google.com/books?id=pwD0-YV2LCYC&pg=PA33">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bengal+District+Gazetteer+%3A+Puri&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Concept+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2007-01-01&rft.isbn=978-81-7268-138-8&rft.au=L.S.S.+O%27Malley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpwD0-YV2LCYC%26pg%3DPA33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sen2010-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sen2010_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSailendra_Nath_Sen2010" class="citation book cs1">Sailendra Nath Sen (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bXWiACEwPR8C&pg=PA9"><i>An Advanced History of Modern India</i></a>. Macmillan India. p. 32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-32885-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-32885-3"><bdi>978-0-230-32885-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=bXWiACEwPR8C&pg=PA9">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Advanced+History+of+Modern+India&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Macmillan+India&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-230-32885-3&rft.au=Sailendra+Nath+Sen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbXWiACEwPR8C%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bandita1992-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bandita1992_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDevi1992" class="citation book cs1">Devi, Bandita (January 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lBQQHizn788C&pg=PA14"><i>Some Aspects of British Administration in Orissa, 1912–1936</i></a>. Academic Foundation. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7188-072-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7188-072-0"><bdi>978-81-7188-072-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161221202033/https://books.google.com/books?id=lBQQHizn788C&pg=PA14">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Some+Aspects+of+British+Administration+in+Orissa%2C+1912%E2%80%931936&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Academic+Foundation&rft.date=1992-01&rft.isbn=978-81-7188-072-0&rft.aulast=Devi&rft.aufirst=Bandita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlBQQHizn788C%26pg%3DPA14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dando2012-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dando2012_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_A._Dando2012" class="citation book cs1">William A. Dando (13 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R4cat-5-NeIC&pg=RA1-PA47"><i>Food and Famine in the 21st Century [2 volumes]</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-731-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-731-4"><bdi>978-1-59884-731-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=R4cat-5-NeIC&pg=RA1-PA47">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Food+and+Famine+in+the+21st+Century+%26%2391%3B2+volumes%26%2393%3B&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2012-02-13&rft.isbn=978-1-59884-731-4&rft.au=William+A.+Dando&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR4cat-5-NeIC%26pg%3DRA1-PA47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SamalNayak1996-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SamalNayak1996_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._K._SamalPradip_Kumar_Nayak1996" class="citation book cs1">J. K. Samal; Pradip Kumar Nayak (1 January 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3ewpJNpCLJgC&pg=PA32"><i>Makers of Modern Orissa: Contributions of Some Leading Personalities of Orissa in the 2nd Half of the 19th Century</i></a>. Abhinav Publications. p. 32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7017-322-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7017-322-9"><bdi>978-81-7017-322-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110847/https://books.google.com/books?id=3ewpJNpCLJgC&pg=PA32">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Makers+of+Modern+Orissa%3A+Contributions+of+Some+Leading+Personalities+of+Orissa+in+the+2nd+Half+of+the+19th+Century&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Abhinav+Publications&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.isbn=978-81-7017-322-9&rft.au=J.+K.+Samal&rft.au=Pradip+Kumar+Nayak&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3ewpJNpCLJgC%26pg%3DPA32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PADHY2011-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PADHY2011_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFK.S._Padhy2011" class="citation book cs1">K.S. Padhy (30 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sZVopB0GNPQC&pg=PA287"><i>Indian Political Thought</i></a>. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. p. 287. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-203-4305-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-203-4305-4"><bdi>978-81-203-4305-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=sZVopB0GNPQC&pg=PA287">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Political+Thought&rft.pages=287&rft.pub=PHI+Learning+Pvt.+Ltd.&rft.date=2011-07-30&rft.isbn=978-81-203-4305-4&rft.au=K.S.+Padhy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsZVopB0GNPQC%26pg%3DPA287&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jha2003-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jha2003_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUsha_Jha2003" class="citation book cs1">Usha Jha (1 January 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lHAMkZGI_OoC&pg=PA246"><i>Land, Labour, and Power: Agrarian Crisis and the State in Bihar (1937–52)</i></a>. Aakar Books. p. 246. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-87879-07-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-87879-07-7"><bdi>978-81-87879-07-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=lHAMkZGI_OoC&pg=PA246">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Land%2C+Labour%2C+and+Power%3A+Agrarian+Crisis+and+the+State+in+Bihar+%281937%E2%80%9352%29&rft.pages=246&rft.pub=Aakar+Books&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.isbn=978-81-87879-07-7&rft.au=Usha+Jha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlHAMkZGI_OoC%26pg%3DPA246&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Devi1992-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Devi1992_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Devi1992_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBandita_Devi1992" class="citation book cs1">Bandita Devi (1 January 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lBQQHizn788C&pg=PA214"><i>Some Aspects of British Administration in Orissa, 1912–1936</i></a>. Academic Foundation. p. 214. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7188-072-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7188-072-0"><bdi>978-81-7188-072-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=lBQQHizn788C&pg=PA214">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Some+Aspects+of+British+Administration+in+Orissa%2C+1912%E2%80%931936&rft.pages=214&rft.pub=Academic+Foundation&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.isbn=978-81-7188-072-0&rft.au=Bandita+Devi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlBQQHizn788C%26pg%3DPA214&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hubback-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hubback_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150204200041/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101129/jsp/orissa/story_13234116.jsp">"Hubback's memoirs: First Governor Of State Reserved Tone Of Mild Contempt For Indians"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Telegraph_(India)" title="The Telegraph (India)">The Telegraph</a></i>. 29 November 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101129/jsp/orissa/story_13234116.jsp">the original</a> on 4 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Hubback%27s+memoirs%3A+First+Governor+Of+State+Reserved+Tone+Of+Mild+Contempt+For+Indians&rft.date=2010-11-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraphindia.com%2F1101129%2Fjsp%2Forissa%2Fstory_13234116.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Krishna2007-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Krishna2007_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFB._Krishna2007" class="citation book cs1">B. Krishna (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sLr7z6gNcV0C&pg=PA243"><i>India's Bismarck, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel</i></a>. Indus Source. pp. 243–244. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-88569-14-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-88569-14-4"><bdi>978-81-88569-14-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=sLr7z6gNcV0C&pg=PA243">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India%27s+Bismarck%2C+Sardar+Vallabhbhai+Patel&rft.pages=243-244&rft.pub=Indus+Source&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-81-88569-14-4&rft.au=B.+Krishna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsLr7z6gNcV0C%26pg%3DPA243&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historyofodisha.in/merger-of-the-princely-states-of-odisha/">"Merger of the Princely States of Odisha – History of Odisha"</a>. 5 April 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200929021821/https://www.historyofodisha.in/merger-of-the-princely-states-of-odisha/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Merger+of+the+Princely+States+of+Odisha+%E2%80%93+History+of+Odisha&rft.date=2018-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyofodisha.in%2Fmerger-of-the-princely-states-of-odisha%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GeographyKnowIndia-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GeographyKnowIndia_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GeographyKnowIndia_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GeographyKnowIndia_65-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GeographyKnowIndia_65-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/state_uts.php?id=81">"Geography of Odisha"</a>. <i>Know India</i>. <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150204220248/http://www.archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/state_uts.php?id=81">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Know+India&rft.atitle=Geography+of+Odisha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archive.india.gov.in%2Fknowindia%2Fstate_uts.php%3Fid%3D81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121206115854/http://odisha.gov.in//portal/ViewDetails.asp?vchglinkid=GL010&vchplinkid=PL066&vchslinkid=SL050">"Cuttack"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Odisha" title="Government of Odisha">Government of Odisha</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://odisha.gov.in/">the original</a> on 6 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cuttack&rft.pub=Government+of+Odisha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fodisha.gov.in%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDasguptaPriyadarshini2019" class="citation journal cs1">Dasgupta, Alakananda; Priyadarshini, Subhra (29 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.natureasia.com/en/nindia/article/10.1038/nindia.2019.69">"Why Odisha is a sitting duck for extreme cyclones"</a>. <i>Nature India</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnindia.2019.69">10.1038/nindia.2019.69</a> (inactive 1 November 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200805184844/https://www.natureasia.com/en/nindia/article/10.1038/nindia.2019.69">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+India&rft.atitle=Why+Odisha+is+a+sitting+duck+for+extreme+cyclones&rft.date=2019-05-29&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnindia.2019.69&rft.aulast=Dasgupta&rft.aufirst=Alakananda&rft.au=Priyadarshini%2C+Subhra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.natureasia.com%2Fen%2Fnindia%2Farticle%2F10.1038%2Fnindia.2019.69&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Fi_rz0_1ELUC&pg=PA73"><i>Socio-economic Profile of Rural India (series II).: Eastern India (Orissa, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh)</i></a>. Concept Publishing Company. 2011. p. 73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-8069-723-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-8069-723-4"><bdi>978-81-8069-723-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=Fi_rz0_1ELUC&pg=PA73">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Socio-economic+Profile+of+Rural+India+%28series+II%29.%3A+Eastern+India+%28Orissa%2C+Jharkhand%2C+West+Bengal%2C+Bihar+and+Uttar+Pradesh%29&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=Concept+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-81-8069-723-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFi_rz0_1ELUC%26pg%3DPA73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150413020426/http://www.imd.gov.in/doc/climateimp.pdf">"Monthly mean maximum & minimum temperature and total rainfall based upon 1901–2000 data"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/India_Meteorological_Department" title="India Meteorological Department">India Meteorological Department</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imd.gov.in/doc/climateimp.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 13 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monthly+mean+maximum+%26+minimum+temperature+and+total+rainfall+based+upon+1901%E2%80%932000+data&rft.pub=India+Meteorological+Department&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imd.gov.in%2Fdoc%2Fclimateimp.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ForrestCover-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ForrestCover_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Study-shows-Odisha-forest-cover-shrinking/articleshow/11904659.cms">"Study shows Odisha forest cover shrinking"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i>. 16 February 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151017164642/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Study-shows-Odisha-forest-cover-shrinking/articleshow/11904659.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Study+shows+Odisha+forest+cover+shrinking&rft.date=2012-02-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fbhubaneswar%2FStudy-shows-Odisha-forest-cover-shrinking%2Farticleshow%2F11904659.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Orchids-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Orchids_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-D1RR7A3HfUC&pg=PA116"><i>Underutilized and Underexploited Horticultural Crops</i></a>. New India Publishing. 1 January 2007. p. 116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-89422-60-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-89422-60-8"><bdi>978-81-89422-60-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=-D1RR7A3HfUC&pg=PA116">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Underutilized+and+Underexploited+Horticultural+Crops&rft.pages=116&rft.pub=New+India+Publishing&rft.date=2007-01-01&rft.isbn=978-81-89422-60-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-D1RR7A3HfUC%26pg%3DPA116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OrchidHouse-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OrchidHouse_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150205133023/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100823/jsp/orissa/story_12842681.jsp">"Orchid House a haven for nature lovers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Telegraph_(India)" title="The Telegraph (India)">The Telegraph</a></i>. 23 August 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100823/jsp/orissa/story_12842681.jsp">the original</a> on 5 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Orchid+House+a+haven+for+nature+lovers&rft.date=2010-08-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraphindia.com%2F1100823%2Fjsp%2Forissa%2Fstory_12842681.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WWFSimilipal-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WWFSimilipal_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wwfindia.org/about_wwf/critical_regions/national_parks_tiger_reserves/similipal_tiger_reserve/">"Similipal Tiger Reserve"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Fund_for_Nature" title="World Wide Fund for Nature">World Wide Fund for Nature</a>, India</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150205152048/http://www.wwfindia.org/about_wwf/critical_regions/national_parks_tiger_reserves/similipal_tiger_reserve/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Wide+Fund+for+Nature%2C+India&rft.atitle=Similipal+Tiger+Reserve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wwfindia.org%2Fabout_wwf%2Fcritical_regions%2Fnational_parks_tiger_reserves%2Fsimilipal_tiger_reserve%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ElephantBanished-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ElephantBanished_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120904034144/http://www.dailypioneer.com/columnists/item/52316-banished-from-their-homes.html">"Banished from their homes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pioneer_(newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Pioneer (newspaper)">The Pioneer</a></i>. 29 August 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailypioneer.com/columnists/item/52316-banished-from-their-homes.html">the original</a> on 4 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Pioneer&rft.atitle=Banished+from+their+homes&rft.date=2012-08-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailypioneer.com%2Fcolumnists%2Fitem%2F52316-banished-from-their-homes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ElephantWipeout-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ElephantWipeout_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150205151829/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Away-from-home-Chandaka-elephants-face-a-wipeout/2013/08/23/article1747976.ece">"Away from home, Chandaka elephants face a wipeout"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Indian_Express" title="The New Indian Express">The New Indian Express</a></i>. 23 August 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Away-from-home-Chandaka-elephants-face-a-wipeout/2013/08/23/article1747976.ece">the original</a> on 5 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Away+from+home%2C+Chandaka+elephants+face+a+wipeout&rft.date=2013-08-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newindianexpress.com%2Fstates%2Fodisha%2FAway-from-home-Chandaka-elephants-face-a-wipeout%2F2013%2F08%2F23%2Farticle1747976.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Negi1993-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Negi1993_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharad_Singh_Negi1993" class="citation book cs1">Sharad Singh Negi (1 January 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PjfVFGM4p6wC&pg=PA242"><i>Biodiversity and Its Conservation in India</i></a>. Indus Publishing. p. 242. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-85182-88-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-85182-88-9"><bdi>978-81-85182-88-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=PjfVFGM4p6wC&pg=PA242">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biodiversity+and+Its+Conservation+in+India&rft.pages=242&rft.pub=Indus+Publishing&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.isbn=978-81-85182-88-9&rft.au=Sharad+Singh+Negi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPjfVFGM4p6wC%26pg%3DPA242&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Salagrama2006-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Salagrama2006_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVenkatesh_Salagrama2006" class="citation book cs1">Venkatesh Salagrama (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3m6XG0WippUC&pg=PA16"><i>Trends in Poverty and Livelihoods in Coastal Fishing Communities of Orissa State, India</i></a>. Food & Agriculture Org. pp. 16–17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-5-105566-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-5-105566-3"><bdi>978-92-5-105566-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=3m6XG0WippUC&pg=PA16">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trends+in+Poverty+and+Livelihoods+in+Coastal+Fishing+Communities+of+Orissa+State%2C+India&rft.pages=16-17&rft.pub=Food+%26+Agriculture+Org.&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-92-5-105566-3&rft.au=Venkatesh+Salagrama&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3m6XG0WippUC%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/coast-guard-launches-operation-oliver/article5392444.ece">"Coast Guard launches 'Operation Oliver'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 25 November 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220620155343/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/coast-guard-launches-operation-oliver/article5392444.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Coast+Guard+launches+%27Operation+Oliver%27&rft.date=2013-11-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Ftodays-paper%2Ftp-national%2Ftp-otherstates%2Fcoast-guard-launches-operation-oliver%2Farticle5392444.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Olive2-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Olive2_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/olive-ridley-turtles-begin-mass-nesting/article5678344.ece">"Olive Ridley turtles begin mass nesting"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. 12 February 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151017164643/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/olive-ridley-turtles-begin-mass-nesting/article5678344.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Olive+Ridley+turtles+begin+mass+nesting&rft.date=2014-02-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Folive-ridley-turtles-begin-mass-nesting%2Farticle5678344.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Olive3-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Olive3_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151017164642/http://www.thehindu.com/2004/03/15/stories/2004031505150300.htm">"Mass nesting of Olive Ridleys begins at Rushikulya beach"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. 15 March 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/2004/03/15/stories/2004031505150300.htm">the original</a> on 17 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Mass+nesting+of+Olive+Ridleys+begins+at+Rushikulya+beach&rft.date=2004-03-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2F2004%2F03%2F15%2Fstories%2F2004031505150300.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-inaturalist.org-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-inaturalist.org_81-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-inaturalist.org_81-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-inaturalist.org_81-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-inaturalist.org_81-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?place_id=70348&view=species">"Observations (iNaturalist) Bhitarkanika"</a>. <i>www.iNaturalist.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240328171011/https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?place_id=70348&view=species">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.iNaturalist.org&rft.atitle=Observations+%28iNaturalist%29+Bhitarkanika&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.inaturalist.org%2Fobservations%3Fplace_id%3D70348%26view%3Dspecies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CrocCensus-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CrocCensus_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150205162831/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Bhitarkanika-Park-to-be-Closed-for-Crocodile-Census/2013/12/03/article1925220.ece">"Bhitarkanika Park to be Closed for Crocodile Census"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Indian_Express" title="The New Indian Express">The New Indian Express</a></i>. 3 December 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Bhitarkanika-Park-to-be-Closed-for-Crocodile-Census/2013/12/03/article1925220.ece">the original</a> on 5 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Bhitarkanika+Park+to+be+Closed+for+Crocodile+Census&rft.date=2013-12-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newindianexpress.com%2Fstates%2Fodisha%2FBhitarkanika-Park-to-be-Closed-for-Crocodile-Census%2F2013%2F12%2F03%2Farticle1925220.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BirdCount-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BirdCount_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150205162754/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Bird-Count-Rises-in-Bhitarkanika/2014/09/14/article2430718.ece">"Bird Count Rises in Bhitarkanika"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Indian_Express" title="The New Indian Express">The New Indian Express</a></i>. 14 September 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Bird-Count-Rises-in-Bhitarkanika/2014/09/14/article2430718.ece">the original</a> on 5 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Bird+Count+Rises+in+Bhitarkanika&rft.date=2014-09-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newindianexpress.com%2Fstates%2Fodisha%2FBird-Count-Rises-in-Bhitarkanika%2F2014%2F09%2F14%2Farticle2430718.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-horseshoe-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-horseshoe_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/concern-over-dwindling-horseshoe-crab-population/article5435987.ece">"Concern over dwindling horseshoe crab population"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. 8 December 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151017164642/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/concern-over-dwindling-horseshoe-crab-population/article5435987.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Concern+over+dwindling+horseshoe+crab+population&rft.date=2013-12-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Ftamil-nadu%2Fconcern-over-dwindling-horseshoe-crab-population%2Farticle5435987.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AgarwalSingh2007-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AgarwalSingh2007_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPushpendra_K._AgarwalVijay_P._Singh2007" class="citation book cs1">Pushpendra K. Agarwal; Vijay P. Singh (16 May 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKs1gBhJSWIC&pg=PA984"><i>Hydrology and Water Resources of India</i></a>. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 984. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-5180-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-5180-7"><bdi>978-1-4020-5180-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKs1gBhJSWIC&pg=PA984">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hydrology+and+Water+Resources+of+India&rft.pages=984&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2007-05-16&rft.isbn=978-1-4020-5180-7&rft.au=Pushpendra+K.+Agarwal&rft.au=Vijay+P.+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZKs1gBhJSWIC%26pg%3DPA984&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ChilikaFalls-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ChilikaFalls_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-in-school/number-of-birds-visiting-chilika-falls-but-new-species-found/article4288574.ece">"Number of birds visiting Chilika falls but new species found"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. 9 January 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140831173859/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-in-school/number-of-birds-visiting-chilika-falls-but-new-species-found/article4288574.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Number+of+birds+visiting+Chilika+falls+but+new+species+found&rft.date=2013-01-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Ftodays-paper%2Ftp-in-school%2Fnumber-of-birds-visiting-chilika-falls-but-new-species-found%2Farticle4288574.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SharpDropChilika-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SharpDropChilika_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/chilika-registers-sharp-drop-in-winged-visitors/article5572489.ece">"Chilika registers sharp drop in winged visitors"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. 13 January 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151017164642/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/chilika-registers-sharp-drop-in-winged-visitors/article5572489.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Chilika+registers+sharp+drop+in+winged+visitors&rft.date=2014-01-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Ftodays-paper%2Ftp-national%2Ftp-otherstates%2Fchilika-registers-sharp-drop-in-winged-visitors%2Farticle5572489.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TwoNewChilika-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TwoNewChilika_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/two-new-species-of-migratory-birds-sighted-in-chilika-lake/article4285667.ece">"Two new species of migratory birds sighted in Chilika Lake"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. 8 January 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151017164642/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/two-new-species-of-migratory-birds-sighted-in-chilika-lake/article4285667.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Two+new+species+of+migratory+birds+sighted+in+Chilika+Lake&rft.date=2013-01-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Ftodays-paper%2Ftp-national%2Ftp-otherstates%2Ftwo-new-species-of-migratory-birds-sighted-in-chilika-lake%2Farticle4285667.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DolphinRise-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DolphinRise_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/dolphin-population-on-rise-in-chilika-lake/article108981.ece">"Dolphin population on rise in Chilika Lake"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. 18 February 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151017164642/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/dolphin-population-on-rise-in-chilika-lake/article108981.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Dolphin+population+on+rise+in+Chilika+Lake&rft.date=2010-02-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fother-states%2Fdolphin-population-on-rise-in-chilika-lake%2Farticle108981.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DolphinCensus-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DolphinCensus_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150123131044/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Maiden-Dolphin-Census-in-State%E2%80%99s-Multiple-Places-on-Cards/2015/01/20/article2627780.ece">"Maiden Dolphin Census in State's Multiple Places on Cards"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Indian_Express" title="The New Indian Express">The New Indian Express</a></i>. 20 January 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Maiden-Dolphin-Census-in-State%E2%80%99s-Multiple-Places-on-Cards/2015/01/20/article2627780.ece">the original</a> on 23 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Maiden+Dolphin+Census+in+State%27s+Multiple+Places+on+Cards&rft.date=2015-01-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newindianexpress.com%2Fstates%2Fodisha%2FMaiden-Dolphin-Census-in-State%25E2%2580%2599s-Multiple-Places-on-Cards%2F2015%2F01%2F20%2Farticle2627780.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRongmei" class="citation news cs1">Rongmei, Precious. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/empty-beaches-dolphins-and-more-at-odishas-rajhans-island/articleshow/103656713.cms">"Empty beaches, dolphins and more at Odisha's Rajhans Island"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0971-8257">0971-8257</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Empty+beaches%2C+dolphins+and+more+at+Odisha%27s+Rajhans+Island&rft.issn=0971-8257&rft.aulast=Rongmei&rft.aufirst=Precious&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Ftravel%2Fdestinations%2Fempty-beaches-dolphins-and-more-at-odishas-rajhans-island%2Farticleshow%2F103656713.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210819100941/https://www.wildlife.odisha.gov.in/WebPortal/WildlifeCensus.aspx">"Wildlife Census – Odisha Wildlife Organisation"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wildlife.odisha.gov.in/WebPortal/WildlifeCensus.aspx">the original</a> on 19 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wildlife+Census+%E2%80%93+Odisha+Wildlife+Organisation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wildlife.odisha.gov.in%2FWebPortal%2FWildlifeCensus.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NiyamgiriOrchids-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NiyamgiriOrchids_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFP.K._DashSantilata_SahooSubhasisa_Bal2008" class="citation journal cs1">P.K. Dash; Santilata Sahoo; Subhasisa Bal (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1043&context=ebl&sei-redir=1&referer=http%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.co.in%2Fscholar%3Fq%3DOrissa%2BOrchid%26btnG%3D%26hl%3Den%26as_sdt%3D0%252C5#search=%22Orissa%20Orchid%22">"Ethnobotanical Studies on Orchids of Niyamgiri Hill Ranges, Orissa, India"</a>. <i>Ethnobotanical Leaflets</i> (12): 70–78. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150205133643/http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1043&context=ebl&sei-redir=1&referer=http%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.co.in%2Fscholar%3Fq%3DOrissa%2BOrchid%26btnG%3D%26hl%3Den%26as_sdt%3D0%252C5#search=%22Orissa%20Orchid%22">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ethnobotanical+Leaflets&rft.atitle=Ethnobotanical+Studies+on+Orchids+of+Niyamgiri+Hill+Ranges%2C+Orissa%2C+India&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=70-78&rft.date=2008&rft.au=P.K.+Dash&rft.au=Santilata+Sahoo&rft.au=Subhasisa+Bal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopensiuc.lib.siu.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1043%26context%3Debl%26sei-redir%3D1%26referer%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fscholar.google.co.in%252Fscholar%253Fq%253DOrissa%252BOrchid%2526btnG%253D%2526hl%253Den%2526as_sdt%253D0%25252C5%23search%3D%2522Orissa%2520Orchid%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SenguptaCorbridge2013-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SenguptaCorbridge2013_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChandan_SenguptaStuart_Corbridge2013" class="citation book cs1">Chandan Sengupta; Stuart Corbridge (28 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AXbYAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA8"><i>Democracy, Development and Decentralisation in India: Continuing Debates</i></a>. Routledge. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-19848-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-19848-9"><bdi>978-1-136-19848-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=AXbYAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA8">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Democracy%2C+Development+and+Decentralisation+in+India%3A+Continuing+Debates&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-10-28&rft.isbn=978-1-136-19848-9&rft.au=Chandan+Sengupta&rft.au=Stuart+Corbridge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAXbYAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OurParliament-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OurParliament_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150203104729/http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/our%20parliament/Our%20Parliament.pdf">"Our Parliament"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/our%20parliament/Our%20Parliament.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 3 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lok+Sabha&rft.atitle=Our+Parliament&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F164.100.47.132%2FLssNew%2Four%2520parliament%2FOur%2520Parliament.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BJDLandslide-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BJDLandslide_96-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BJDLandslide_96-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140908125021/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/bjds-landslide-victory-in-odisha-wins-20-of-21-lok-sabha-seats/472363-3-234.html">"BJD's landslide victory in Odisha, wins 20 of 21 Lok Sabha seats"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN-IBN" class="mw-redirect" title="CNN-IBN">CNN-IBN</a>. 17 May 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ibnlive.in.com/news/bjds-landslide-victory-in-odisha-wins-20-of-21-lok-sabha-seats/472363-3-234.html">the original</a> on 8 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=BJD%27s+landslide+victory+in+Odisha%2C+wins+20+of+21+Lok+Sabha+seats&rft.date=2014-05-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fibnlive.in.com%2Fnews%2Fbjds-landslide-victory-in-odisha-wins-20-of-21-lok-sabha-seats%2F472363-3-234.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.livemint.com/politics/odisha-gets-a-news-cm-after-24-years-who-is-mohan-charan-majhi-5-points-11718111115393.html">https://www.livemint.com/politics/odisha-gets-a-news-cm-after-24-years-who-is-mohan-charan-majhi-5-points-11718111115393.html</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Finifter-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Finifter_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAda_W._Finifter" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ada_Finifter" title="Ada Finifter">Ada W. Finifter</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KFk1K9_yf90C&pg=PA94"><i>Political Science</i></a>. FK Publications. p. 94. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-89597-13-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-89597-13-9"><bdi>978-81-89597-13-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110847/https://books.google.com/books?id=KFk1K9_yf90C&pg=PA94">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Science&rft.pages=94&rft.pub=FK+Publications&rft.isbn=978-81-89597-13-9&rft.au=Ada+W.+Finifter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKFk1K9_yf90C%26pg%3DPA94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kumar-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kumar_99-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kumar_99-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRajesh_Kumar2024" class="citation book cs1">Rajesh Kumar (17 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=an78gq3JwzYC&pg=PA110"><i>Universal's Guide to the Constitution of India</i></a>. Universal Law Publishing. pp. 107–110. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-5035-011-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-5035-011-9"><bdi>978-93-5035-011-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=an78gq3JwzYC&pg=PA110">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Universal%27s+Guide+to+the+Constitution+of+India&rft.pages=107-110&rft.pub=Universal+Law+Publishing&rft.date=2024-01-17&rft.isbn=978-93-5035-011-9&rft.au=Rajesh+Kumar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dan78gq3JwzYC%26pg%3DPA110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AroraGoyal1995-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AroraGoyal1995_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamesh_Kumar_AroraRajni_Goyal1995" class="citation book cs1">Ramesh Kumar Arora; Rajni Goyal (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nvzcy7o4sgAC&pg=PA205"><i>Indian Public Administration: Institutions and Issues</i></a>. New Age International. pp. 205–207. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7328-068-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7328-068-9"><bdi>978-81-7328-068-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=nvzcy7o4sgAC&pg=PA205">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Public+Administration%3A+Institutions+and+Issues&rft.pages=205-207&rft.pub=New+Age+International&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-81-7328-068-9&rft.au=Ramesh+Kumar+Arora&rft.au=Rajni+Goyal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dnvzcy7o4sgAC%26pg%3DPA205&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shukla2008-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shukla2008_101-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSubhash_Shukla2008" class="citation book cs1">Subhash Shukla (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CAs9PNOfL28C&pg=PA99"><i>Issues in Indian Polity</i></a>. Anamika Pub. & distributors. p. 99. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7975-217-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7975-217-3"><bdi>978-81-7975-217-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=CAs9PNOfL28C&pg=PA99">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Issues+in+Indian+Polity&rft.pages=99&rft.pub=Anamika+Pub.+%26+distributors&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-81-7975-217-3&rft.au=Subhash+Shukla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCAs9PNOfL28C%26pg%3DPA99&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RevenueDept-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RevenueDept_102-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RevenueDept_102-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121206115854/http://odisha.gov.in//revenue/web/Aboutus.asp?GL=1&PL=1">"About Department"</a>. Revenue & Disaster Management Department, Government of Odisha. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://odisha.gov.in/">the original</a> on 6 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Department&rft.pub=Revenue+%26+Disaster+Management+Department%2C+Government+of+Odisha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fodisha.gov.in%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Laxmikanth-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Laxmikanth_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaxmikanth" class="citation book cs1">Laxmikanth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DY1CAQAAQBAJ&pg=SA6-PA17"><i>Governance in India</i></a>. McGraw-Hill Education (India) Pvt Limited. pp. 6–17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-107466-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-107466-7"><bdi>978-0-07-107466-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110847/https://books.google.com/books?id=DY1CAQAAQBAJ&pg=SA6-PA17">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Governance+in+India&rft.pages=6-17&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Education+%28India%29+Pvt+Limited&rft.isbn=978-0-07-107466-7&rft.au=Laxmikanth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDY1CAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DSA6-PA17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AdminUnit-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AdminUnit_104-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AdminUnit_104-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130821033240/http://www.odisha.gov.in/revenue/web/AdministrativeUnit.asp?GL=2">"Administrative Unit"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Administrative+Unit&rft.pub=Revenue+%26+Disaster+Management+Department%2C+Government+of+Odisha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fodisha.gov.in%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SARKAR2009-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SARKAR2009_105-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiuli_Sarkar2009" class="citation book cs1">Siuli Sarkar (9 November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=smahlYxg-8YC&pg=PA117"><i>Public Administration in India</i></a>. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. p. 117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-203-3979-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-203-3979-8"><bdi>978-81-203-3979-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=smahlYxg-8YC&pg=PA117">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Public+Administration+in+India&rft.pages=117&rft.pub=PHI+Learning+Pvt.+Ltd.&rft.date=2009-11-09&rft.isbn=978-81-203-3979-8&rft.au=Siuli+Sarkar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsmahlYxg-8YC%26pg%3DPA117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PublicAdminDict-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PublicAdminDict_106-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Dg-7OFEp3E8C&pg=PA263"><i>Public Administration Dictionary</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Public+Administration+Dictionary&rft.pages=263&rft.pub=Tata+McGraw+Hill+Education&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-259-00382-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDg-7OFEp3E8C%26pg%3DPA263&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.financialexpress.com/news/gdp-growth-most-states-grew-faster-than-national-rate-in-201213/1206770">"GDP growth: Most states grew faster than national rate in 2012–13"</a>. <i>The Financial Express</i>. 12 December 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131215183438/http://www.financialexpress.com/news/gdp-growth-most-states-grew-faster-than-national-rate-in-201213/1206770">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Financial+Express&rft.atitle=GDP+growth%3A+Most+states+grew+faster+than+national+rate+in+2012%E2%80%9313&rft.date=2013-12-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.financialexpress.com%2Fnews%2Fgdp-growth-most-states-grew-faster-than-national-rate-in-201213%2F1206770&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/bhubaneswar-tops-first-list-of-smart-cities/">"Bhubaneswar leads Govt's Smart City list, Rs 50,802 crore to be invested over five years"</a>. <i>The Indian Express</i>. 29 January 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160318020954/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/bhubaneswar-tops-first-list-of-smart-cities/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Bhubaneswar+leads+Govt%27s+Smart+City+list%2C+Rs+50%2C802+crore+to+be+invested+over+five+years&rft.date=2016-01-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Findia%2Findia-news-india%2Fbhubaneswar-tops-first-list-of-smart-cities%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-indian-states-that-attracted-highest-fdi/20120829.htm">"Indian states that attracted highest FDI"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indian+states+that+attracted+highest+FDI&rft.pub=Rediff&rft.date=2012-08-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rediff.com%2Fbusiness%2Fslide-show%2Fslide-show-1-indian-states-that-attracted-highest-fdi%2F20120829.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120531085659/http://www.sail.co.in/pnu.php?tag=rourkela">"Rourkela Steel Plant"</a>. Sail.co.in. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Nippon+Steel+Corporation+to+set+up+30+MTPA+plant+in+Odisha&rft.date=2023-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newindianexpress.com%2Fstates%2Fodisha%2F2023%2Fapr%2F05%2Fnippon-steel-corp-to-set-up-30-mtpa-plant-in-odisha-2562913.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report-reliance-to-invest-rs-60000-cr-for-orissa-power-plant-1042928">"Reliance to invest Rs 60,000-cr for Orissa power plant"</a>. <i>dna</i>. 21 July 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140903141606/http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report-reliance-to-invest-rs-60000-cr-for-orissa-power-plant-1042928">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dna&rft.atitle=Reliance+to+invest+Rs+60%2C000-cr+for+Orissa+power+plant&rft.date=2006-07-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnaindia.com%2Fmoney%2Freport-reliance-to-invest-rs-60000-cr-for-orissa-power-plant-1042928&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110723170222/http://www.assocham.org/prels/shownews.php?id=2303">"Gujarat, Odisha and Andhra top 3 Domestic Investment Destinations of 2009"</a>. Assocham. 21 January 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.assocham.org/prels/shownews.php?id=2303">the original</a> on 23 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gujarat%2C+Odisha+and+Andhra+top+3+Domestic+Investment+Destinations+of+2009&rft.pub=Assocham&rft.date=2010-01-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.assocham.org%2Fprels%2Fshownews.php%3Fid%3D2303&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101125170225/http://www.orissalinks.com/orissagrowth/topics/tnc-all/roads-and-highways-infrastructure-in-orissa/national-highways/nh-42">"NH 42"</a>. Odishalinks.com. 16 June 2004. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NH+42&rft.pub=Odishalinks.com&rft.date=2004-06-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.odishalinks.com%2FOdishagrowth%2Ftopics%2Ftnc-all%2Froads-and-highways-infrastructure-in-Odisha%2Fnational-highways%2Fnh-42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Odisha-plans-metro-signs-contract-for-detailed-project-report-preparation/articleshow/40781576.cms">"Odisha plans metro, signs contract for detailed project report preparation"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i>. 23 August 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140831124032/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Odisha-plans-metro-signs-contract-for-detailed-project-report-preparation/articleshow/40781576.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Odisha+plans+metro%2C+signs+contract+for+detailed+project+report+preparation&rft.date=2014-08-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2FOdisha-plans-metro-signs-contract-for-detailed-project-report-preparation%2Farticleshow%2F40781576.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://enewsinsight.com/puri-bhubaneswar-mega-metro-rail-project-soon">"Puri-Bhubaneswar Mega Metro Rail Project Soon?"</a>. 8 February 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230209223025/https://enewsinsight.com/puri-bhubaneswar-mega-metro-rail-project-soon/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Puri-Bhubaneswar+Mega+Metro+Rail+Project+Soon%3F&rft.date=2023-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenewsinsight.com%2Fpuri-bhubaneswar-mega-metro-rail-project-soon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://odishatv.in/news/odisha/odisha-approves-metro-train-project-between-cuttack-bhubaneswar-and-puri-200581">"Odisha Approves Metro Train Project Between Cuttack, Bhubaneswar and Puri"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230401095109/https://odishatv.in/news/odisha/odisha-approves-metro-train-project-between-cuttack-bhubaneswar-and-puri-200581">Archived</a> from the original on 1 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Odisha+Approves+Metro+Train+Project+Between+Cuttack%2C+Bhubaneswar+and+Puri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fodishatv.in%2Fnews%2Fodisha%2Fodisha-approves-metro-train-project-between-cuttack-bhubaneswar-and-puri-200581&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newindianexpress.com/amp/story/states/odisha/2023/apr/05/odisha-plans-new-expressway-between-bhubaneswar-puri-2562919.html">"Odisha plans new Expressway between Bhubaneswar & Puri – the New Indian Express"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230407051503/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2023/apr/05/odisha-plans-new-expressway-between-bhubaneswar-puri-2562919.amp">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Odisha+plans+new+Expressway+between+Bhubaneswar+%26+Puri+%E2%80%93+the+New+Indian+Express&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newindianexpress.com%2Famp%2Fstory%2Fstates%2Fodisha%2F2023%2Fapr%2F05%2Fodisha-plans-new-expressway-between-bhubaneswar-puri-2562919.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130121060624/http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhubaneswar/85381-ten-year-roadmap-for-states-civil-aviation.html">"Ten-year roadmap for State's civil aviation"</a>. <i>The Pioneer</i>. India. 4 August 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhubaneswar/85381-ten-year-roadmap-for-states-civil-aviation.html">the original</a> on 21 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2012</span>. <q>at present there are 17 airstrips and 16 helipads in Odisha</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Pioneer&rft.atitle=Ten-year+roadmap+for+State%27s+civil+aviation&rft.date=2012-08-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailypioneer.com%2Fstate-editions%2Fbhubaneswar%2F85381-ten-year-roadmap-for-states-civil-aviation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141015115504/http://www.odishanow.in/story.aspx?s_id=5551">"10-year roadmap set up to boost Odisha civil aviation"</a>. <i>Odisha Now.in</i>. 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.odishanow.in/story.aspx?s_id=5551">the original</a> on 15 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2012</span>. <q>Odisha has 17 airstrips and 16 helipads.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Odisha+Now.in&rft.atitle=10-year+roadmap+set+up+to+boost+Odisha+civil+aviation&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.odishanow.in%2Fstory.aspx%3Fs_id%3D5551&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150113150837/http://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/India/20120803/2037069.html">"Odisha initiate steps for intra and inter state aviation facilities"</a>. <i>news.webindia123.com</i>. 3 August 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/India/20120803/2037069.html">the original</a> on 13 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2012</span>. <q>Odisha has 17 airstrips and 16 helipads</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news.webindia123.com&rft.atitle=Odisha+initiate+steps+for+intra+and+inter+state+aviation+facilities&rft.date=2012-08-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.webindia123.com%2Fnews%2FArticles%2FIndia%2F20120803%2F2037069.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TOI9-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TOI9_122-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSujit_Kumar_Bisoyi2018" class="citation news cs1">Sujit Kumar Bisoyi (13 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/adani-group-plans-airport-at-dhamra/articleshow/66603746.cms">"Adani Group plans airport at Dhamra"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Times_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Times of India">Times of India</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191206015656/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/adani-group-plans-airport-at-dhamra/articleshow/66603746.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 6 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Adani+Group+plans+airport+at+Dhamra&rft.date=2018-11-13&rft.au=Sujit+Kumar+Bisoyi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fbhubaneswar%2Fadani-group-plans-airport-at-dhamra%2Farticleshow%2F66603746.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Division_p._701-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Division_p._701_123-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDivision" class="citation book cs1">Division, P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8ZaSDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT701"><i>India 2019: A Reference Annual</i></a>. Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting. p. 701. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-230-3026-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-230-3026-5"><bdi>978-81-230-3026-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240328174246/https://books.google.com/books?id=8ZaSDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT701">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+2019%3A+A+Reference+Annual&rft.pages=701&rft.pub=Publications+Division+Ministry+of+Information+%26+Broadcasting&rft.isbn=978-81-230-3026-5&rft.aulast=Division&rft.aufirst=P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8ZaSDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT701&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-India._Parliament._Rajya_Sabha_2012_p.-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-India._Parliament._Rajya_Sabha_2012_p._124-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIndia._Parliament._Rajya_Sabha2012" class="citation book cs1">India. Parliament. Rajya Sabha (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UFyjP-0VEc8C"><i>Parliamentary Debates: Official Report</i></a>. Council of States Secretariat. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240328174112/https://books.google.com/books?id=UFyjP-0VEc8C">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Debates%3A+Official+Report&rft.pub=Council+of+States+Secretariat&rft.date=2012&rft.au=India.+Parliament.+Rajya+Sabha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUFyjP-0VEc8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html">"Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901"</a>. <i>censusindia.gov.in</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211010234955/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=censusindia.gov.in&rft.atitle=Decadal+Variation+In+Population+Since+1901&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2FPCA%2FA2_Data_Table.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-World_Bank_2016-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-World_Bank_2016_126-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/india/brief/india-states-briefs-odisha">"India States Briefs – Odisha"</a>. World Bank. 31 May 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190712104621/https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/india/brief/india-states-briefs-odisha">Archived</a> from the original on 12 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India+States+Briefs+%E2%80%93+Odisha&rft.pub=World+Bank&rft.date=2016-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldbank.org%2Fen%2Fcountry%2Findia%2Fbrief%2Findia-states-briefs-odisha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pragativadi:NITI_Aayog_report_2017-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pragativadi:NITI_Aayog_report_2017_127-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190712104623/http://www.pragativadi.com/niti-aayog-report-odisha-tops-poverty-reduction-rate-among-states/">"NITI Aayog report: Odisha tops in poverty reduction rate among other states"</a>. <i>Pragativadi: Leading Odia Dailly</i>. 30 July 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pragativadi.com/niti-aayog-report-odisha-tops-poverty-reduction-rate-among-states/">the original</a> on 12 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pragativadi%3A+Leading+Odia+Dailly&rft.atitle=NITI+Aayog+report%3A+Odisha+tops+in+poverty+reduction+rate+among+other+states&rft.date=2017-07-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pragativadi.com%2Fniti-aayog-report-odisha-tops-poverty-reduction-rate-among-states%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_128-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_128-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/IND/?levels=1+4&interpolation=0&extrapolation=0&nearest_real=0">"Sub-national HDI – Subnational HDI – Global Data Lab"</a>. <i>globaldatalab.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210426230954/https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/IND/?levels=1+4&interpolation=0&extrapolation=0&nearest_real=0">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=globaldatalab.org&rft.atitle=Sub-national+HDI+%E2%80%93+Subnational+HDI+%E2%80%93+Global+Data+Lab&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobaldatalab.org%2Fshdi%2Fshdi%2FIND%2F%3Flevels%3D1%2B4%26interpolation%3D0%26extrapolation%3D0%26nearest_real%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mohfw.gov.in/sites/default/files/NFHS-5_Phase-II_0.pdf">"NFHS-5, Phase-2"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_and_Family_Welfare" title="Ministry of Health and Family Welfare">Ministry of Health and Family Welfare</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Health+and+Family+Welfare&rft.atitle=NFHS-5%2C+Phase-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmohfw.gov.in%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FNFHS-5_Phase-II_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census2011-religion-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census2011-religion_130-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census2011-religion_130-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11387/download/14500/DDW21C-01%20MDDS.XLS">"Table C-01 Population by Religious Community: Odisha"</a>. <i>Census of India, 2011</i>. <a href="/wiki/Registrar_General_and_Census_Commissioner_of_India" title="Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India">Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220520044022/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11387/download/14500/DDW21C-01%20MDDS.XLS">Archived</a> from the original on 20 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census+of+India%2C+2011&rft.atitle=Table+C-01+Population+by+Religious+Community%3A+Odisha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2Fnada%2Findex.php%2Fcatalog%2F11387%2Fdownload%2F14500%2FDDW21C-01%2520MDDS.XLS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11398/download/14511/DDW00C-01%20Appendix%20MDDS.xlsx">"C-01 Appendix: Details of religious community shown under 'Other religions and persuasions' in main table C01 - 2011"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(XLS)</span>. <i>Census of India</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census+India&rft.atitle=C-01%3A+Population+by+religious+community+%282011%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2Fnada%2Findex.php%2Fcatalog%2F11387%2Fdownload%2F14500%2FDDW21C-01%2520MDDS.XLS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/21483/download/24615/PC01_C01_21.xls">"C-01: Population by religious community (2001)"</a>. <i>Census India</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Portrait+of+Population+-+Census+1981&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2Fnada%2Findex.php%2Fcatalog%2F31509%2Fdownload%2F34690%2F52213_1981_POR.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28452/download/31634/21487_1961_CEN.pdf">"Census Atlas, Vol-XII-Part IX-A, Orissa - Census 1961"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Census India</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census+of+India+2011&rft.atitle=Table+C-16+Population+by+Mother+Tongue%3A+Odisha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2Fnada%2Findex.php%2Fcatalog%2F10217%2Fdownload%2F13329%2FDDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2100.XLSX&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210302165024/http://lawodisha.gov.in/pages/viewYearActOrdinances/1954">":: Law Department (Government of Odisha) ::"</a>. <i>lawodisha.gov.in</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Atlas+of+languages+in+danger+%7C+United+Nations+Educational%2C+Scientific+and+Cultural+Organization&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Fnew%2Fen%2Fculture%2Fthemes%2Fendangered-languages%2Fatlas-of-languages-in-danger%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ova.gov.in/en">"Odia vartual academy"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191226111037/https://ova.gov.in/en/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biju+Patnaik+University+of+Technology&rft.pub=Bput.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bput.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AffairsAffairs1949-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AffairsAffairs1949_147-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Association_on_Indian_AffairsAmerican_Association_on_Indian_Affairs1949" class="citation book cs1">National Association on Indian Affairs; American Association on Indian Affairs (1949). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QcMVAQAAIAAJ"><i>Indian Affairs</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130606204607/http://books.google.com/books?id=QcMVAQAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 6 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Pustak Mahal. pp. 103–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-223-0951-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-223-0951-5"><bdi>978-81-223-0951-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130608212537/http://books.google.com/books?id=54MSg3a63WgC&pg=PA103">Archived</a> from the original on 8 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fairs+%26+Festivals+of+India&rft.pages=103-&rft.pub=Pustak+Mahal&rft.date=2006-10-03&rft.isbn=978-81-223-0951-5&rft.au=S.P.+Sharma&rft.au=Seema+Gupta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D54MSg3a63WgC%26pg%3DPA103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ToI_Bishwa_2015-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ToI_Bishwa_2015_149-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitra_Bishwabijoy2015" class="citation news cs1">Mitra Bishwabijoy (6 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/food/food-features/Who-invented-the-rasgulla/articleshow/47909754.cms">"Who invented the rasgulla?"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150709071914/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Life-Style/Food/Food-Features/Who-invented-the-rasgulla/articleshow/47909754.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Who+invented+the+rasgulla%3F&rft.date=2015-07-06&rft.au=Mitra+Bishwabijoy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Flife-style%2Ffood%2Ffood-features%2FWho-invented-the-rasgulla%2Farticleshow%2F47909754.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chenapodaorigin-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-chenapodaorigin_150-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.simplytadka.com/2012/04/chhena-poda-cottage-cheese-cake.html">"Chhenapoda"</a>. Simply TADKA. 15 April 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150109232431/http://www.simplytadka.com/2012/04/chhena-poda-cottage-cheese-cake.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chhenapoda&rft.pub=Simply+TADKA&rft.date=2012-04-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.simplytadka.com%2F2012%2F04%2Fchhena-poda-cottage-cheese-cake.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/trends/odisha-rasagola-receives-gi-tag-two-years-after-west-bengal/story/368775.html">"Odisha Rasagola receives geographical indication tag; here's what it means"</a>. <i>www.businesstoday.in</i>. 29 July 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201020192714/https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/trends/odisha-rasagola-receives-gi-tag-two-years-after-west-bengal/story/368775.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.businesstoday.in&rft.atitle=Odisha+Rasagola+receives+geographical+indication+tag%3B+here%27s+what+it+means&rft.date=2019-07-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businesstoday.in%2Flatest%2Ftrends%2Fodisha-rasagola-receives-gi-tag-two-years-after-west-bengal%2Fstory%2F368775.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://odissi.itgo.com/">"Odissi Kala Kendra"</a>. odissi.itgo.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110512041730/http://odissi.itgo.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Odissi+Kala+Kendra&rft.pub=odissi.itgo.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fodissi.itgo.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuffian2021" class="citation news cs1">Suffian, Mohammad (16 February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/hockey/story/odisha-cm-lays-foundation-of-india-s-largest-hockey-stadium-named-after-birsa-munda-in-rourkela-1769860-2021-02-16">"Odisha CM Lays Foundation of India's Largest Hockey Stadium named after 'Birsa Munda' In Rourkela"</a>. <i>India Today</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210603040034/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/hockey/story/odisha-cm-lays-foundation-of-india-s-largest-hockey-stadium-named-after-birsa-munda-in-rourkela-1769860-2021-02-16">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=India+Today&rft.atitle=Odisha+CM+Lays+Foundation+of+India%27s+Largest+Hockey+Stadium+named+after+%27Birsa+Munda%27+In+Rourkela&rft.date=2021-02-16&rft.aulast=Suffian&rft.aufirst=Mohammad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatoday.in%2Fsports%2Fhockey%2Fstory%2Fodisha-cm-lays-foundation-of-india-s-largest-hockey-stadium-named-after-birsa-munda-in-rourkela-1769860-2021-02-16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kalingatv.com/state/naval-tata-hockey-academy-inaugurated-in-odisha-capital/">"Naval Tata Hockey Academy Inaugurated In Odisha Capital"</a>. <i>Kalinga TV</i>. 13 August 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220921054009/https://kalingatv.com/state/naval-tata-hockey-academy-inaugurated-in-odisha-capital/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kalinga+TV&rft.atitle=Naval+Tata+Hockey+Academy+Inaugurated+In+Odisha+Capital&rft.date=2019-08-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkalingatv.com%2Fstate%2Fnaval-tata-hockey-academy-inaugurated-in-odisha-capital%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinati_Singha2017" class="citation web cs1">Minati Singha (15 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/odisha-sai-regional-badminton-academy-inaugurated-in-bhubaneswar/articleshow/58686446.cms">"Odisha-SAI Regional Badminton Academy inaugurated in Bhubaneswar"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210602225427/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/odisha-sai-regional-badminton-academy-inaugurated-in-bhubaneswar/articleshow/58686446.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Odisha-SAI+Regional+Badminton+Academy+inaugurated+in+Bhubaneswar&rft.date=2017-05-15&rft.au=Minati+Singha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fbhubaneswar%2Fodisha-sai-regional-badminton-academy-inaugurated-in-bhubaneswar%2Farticleshow%2F58686446.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210226021003/https://www.theudaan.net/">"Udaan Badminton Academy-HOME"</a>. <i>www.theudaan.net</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theudaan.net/">the original</a> on 26 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.theudaan.net&rft.atitle=Udaan+Badminton+Academy-HOME&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theudaan.net%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/odisha-aiff-high-performance-centre-big-boost/1cwe57j3pqvvu14c7f7q7a8r0d">"High Performance Centre deal a big boost for Odisha and AIFF | Goal.com"</a>. <i>www.goal.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210607034811/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/odisha-aiff-high-performance-centre-big-boost/1cwe57j3pqvvu14c7f7q7a8r0d">Archived</a> from the original on 7 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.goal.com&rft.atitle=High+Performance+Centre+deal+a+big+boost+for+Odisha+and+AIFF+%7C+Goal.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.goal.com%2Fen-in%2Fnews%2Fodisha-aiff-high-performance-centre-big-boost%2F1cwe57j3pqvvu14c7f7q7a8r0d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorenzayan2013" class="citation book cs1">Norenzayan, Ara (25 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2VMtfYiQCXEC&pg=PA55"><i>Big Gods: How Religion Transformed Cooperation and Conflict</i></a>. Princeton University Press. pp. 55–56. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-4832-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-4832-4"><bdi>978-1-4008-4832-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160208052058/https://books.google.com/books?id=2VMtfYiQCXEC&pg=PA55">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Big+Gods%3A+How+Religion+Transformed+Cooperation+and+Conflict&rft.pages=55-56&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2013-08-25&rft.isbn=978-1-4008-4832-4&rft.aulast=Norenzayan&rft.aufirst=Ara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2VMtfYiQCXEC%26pg%3DPA55&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seaturtle.org/mtn/archives/mtn82/mtn82p9b.shtml">"MTN 82:9–10 Olive ridley tagged in Odisha recovered in the coastal waters of eastern Sri Lanka"</a>. Seaturtle.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131207034709/http://www.seaturtle.org/mtn/archives/mtn82/mtn82p9b.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MTN+82%3A9%E2%80%9310+Olive+ridley+tagged+in+Odisha+recovered+in+the+coastal+waters+of+eastern+Sri+Lanka&rft.pub=Seaturtle.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seaturtle.org%2Fmtn%2Farchives%2Fmtn82%2Fmtn82p9b.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170215005858/http://www.odisha.gov.in/pc/Download/Economic_Survey_2014-15.pdf">"Odisha – Economic Survey 2014–15"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.odisha.gov.in/pc/Download/Economic_Survey_2014-15.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 15 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Odisha+%E2%80%93+Economic+Survey+2014%E2%80%9315&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.odisha.gov.in%2Fpc%2FDownload%2FEconomic_Survey_2014-15.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdisha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odisha&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Odisha</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Odisha" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Odisha">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Odisha" class="extiw" title="c:Odisha">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Odisha" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Odisha">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Odisha" class="extiw" title="q:Odisha">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Odisha" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Odisha">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Odisha" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Odisha">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Odisha" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Odisha">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Odisha" class="extiw" title="voy:Odisha">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <dl><dt>Government</dt></dl> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.odisha.gov.in">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22048#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://odishatourism.gov.in/content/tourism/en.html">Official tourism site</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>General information</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ucblibraries.summon.serialssolutions.com/#!/search?ho=t&l=en&q=Odisha">Odisha</a> web resources provided by GovPubs at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Colorado_Boulder_Libraries" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Colorado Boulder Libraries">University of Colorado Boulder Libraries</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/432692">Odisha</a> at the <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/16px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/24px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/32px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Odisha" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Odisha">Wikimedia Atlas of Odisha</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></span></span> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/1984022">Odisha</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_adjacent_to_Odisha" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Odisha" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Odisha</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Odisha</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a> & Bay of Bengal</td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="x16px&#124;Emblem_of_Odisha_State_of_Odisha" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Odisha" title="Template:Odisha"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Odisha" title="Template talk:Odisha"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Odisha" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Odisha"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="x16px&#124;Emblem_of_Odisha_State_of_Odisha" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Orissa_Flag(INDIA).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of Odisha"><img alt="Emblem of Odisha" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Orissa_Flag%28INDIA%29.png/24px-Orissa_Flag%28INDIA%29.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Orissa_Flag%28INDIA%29.png/36px-Orissa_Flag%28INDIA%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Orissa_Flag%28INDIA%29.png/48px-Orissa_Flag%28INDIA%29.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="454" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">State</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Odisha</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Capital: <b><a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar">Bhubaneswar</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_symbols" title="List of Indian state symbols">State symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_emblems" title="List of Indian state emblems">Emblem</a>: <a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Odisha" title="Emblem of Odisha">Emblem of Odisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_anthems" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian state anthems">Anthem</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bande_Utkala_Janani" title="Bande Utkala Janani">Bande Utkala Janani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_animals" title="List of Indian state animals">Animal</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sambar_deer" title="Sambar deer">Sambar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_birds" title="List of Indian state birds">Bird</a>: <a href="/wiki/Indian_roller" title="Indian roller">Indian roller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_flowers" title="List of Indian state flowers">Flower</a>: <a href="/wiki/Saraca_asoca" title="Saraca asoca">Ashoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_trees" title="List of Indian state trees">Tree</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ficus_religiosa" title="Ficus religiosa">Sacred fig</a></li> <li>Fish: <a href="/wiki/Tor_tor" title="Tor tor">Mahanadi mahseer</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Konark_Sun_Temple_Wheel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Konark_Sun_Temple_Wheel.jpg/100px-Konark_Sun_Temple_Wheel.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Konark_Sun_Temple_Wheel.jpg/150px-Konark_Sun_Temple_Wheel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Konark_Sun_Temple_Wheel.jpg/200px-Konark_Sun_Temple_Wheel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Odisha" title="Government of Odisha">Governance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Odisha" title="List of governors of Odisha">Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Odisha" title="List of chief ministers of Odisha">Chief ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha_Legislative_Assembly" title="Odisha Legislative Assembly">Legislative Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_constituencies_of_the_Odisha_Legislative_Assembly" title="List of constituencies of the Odisha Legislative Assembly">Constituencies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orissa_High_Court" title="Orissa High Court">High Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha_Police" title="Odisha Police">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Odisha" title="Elections in Odisha">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Odisha" title="Politics of Odisha">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha_Human_Rights_Commission" title="Odisha Human Rights Commission">Human Rights Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Odisha" title="History of Odisha">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_(historical_region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalinga (historical region)">Kalinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Odisha" title="List of rulers of Odisha">Rulers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahameghavahana_dynasty" title="Mahameghavahana dynasty">Mahameghavahana dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murunda_dynasty" title="Murunda dynasty">Murunda dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nala_dynasty" title="Nala dynasty">Nala dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathara_dynasty" title="Mathara dynasty">Mathara dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitrbhakta_dynasty" title="Pitrbhakta dynasty">Pitrbhakta dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shailodbhava_dynasty" title="Shailodbhava dynasty">Shailodbhava dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhauma-Kara_dynasty" title="Bhauma-Kara dynasty">Bhauma-Kara dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhanja_dynasty" title="Bhanja dynasty">Bhanja dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somavamshi_dynasty" title="Somavamshi dynasty">Somavamshi dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ganga_dynasty" title="Eastern Ganga dynasty">Eastern Ganga dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gajapati_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Gajapati Empire">Gajapati Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhoi_dynasty" title="Bhoi dynasty">Bhoi dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orissa_Tributary_States" title="Orissa Tributary States">Orissa Tributary States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utkal_Sammilani" title="Utkal Sammilani">Utkal Sammilani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_sites_in_Odisha" title="Historic sites in Odisha">Historic sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_history_of_Odisha" title="Maritime history of Odisha">Maritime history of Odisha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Odisha" title="Geography of Odisha">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flora_and_fauna_of_Odisha" title="Flora and fauna of Odisha">Flora and Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forests_in_Odisha" title="Forests in Odisha">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utkal_Plains" title="Utkal Plains">Utkal Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garhjat_Hills" title="Garhjat Hills">Garhjat Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilika_Lake" title="Chilika Lake">Chilika Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deomali_(mountain)" title="Deomali (mountain)">Deomali (Highest point)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Kalam_Island" title="Abdul Kalam Island">Abdul Kalam Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Odisha" title="List of districts of Odisha">Districts</a><br />by<br /><a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_Odisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Divisions of Odisha">division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angul_district" title="Angul district">Angul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balangir_district" title="Balangir district">Balangir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bargarh_district" title="Bargarh district">Bargarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debagarh_district" title="Debagarh district">Debagarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhenkanal_district" title="Dhenkanal district">Dhenkanal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharsuguda_district" title="Jharsuguda district">Jharsuguda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendujhar_district" title="Kendujhar district">Kendujhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambalpur_district" title="Sambalpur district">Sambalpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subarnapur_district" title="Subarnapur district">Subarnapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundergarh_district" title="Sundergarh district">Sundergarh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balasore_district" title="Balasore district">Balasore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhadrak_district" title="Bhadrak district">Bhadrak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuttack_district" title="Cuttack district">Cuttack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagatsinghpur_district" title="Jagatsinghpur district">Jagatsinghpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jajpur_district" title="Jajpur district">Jajpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendrapara_district" title="Kendrapara district">Kendrapara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khordha_district" title="Khordha district">Khordha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayurbhanj_district" title="Mayurbhanj district">Mayurbhanj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayagarh_district" title="Nayagarh district">Nayagarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puri_district" title="Puri district">Puri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boudh_district" title="Boudh district">Boudh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gajapati_district" title="Gajapati district">Gajapati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganjam_district" title="Ganjam district">Ganjam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalahandi_district" title="Kalahandi district">Kalahandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandhamal_district" title="Kandhamal district">Kandhamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koraput_district" title="Koraput district">Koraput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malkangiri_district" title="Malkangiri district">Malkangiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabarangpur_district" title="Nabarangpur district">Nabrangpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuapada_district" title="Nuapada district">Nuapada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayagada_district" title="Rayagada district">Rayagada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Odisha_by_population" title="List of cities in Odisha by population">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angul" title="Angul">Angul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balangir" title="Balangir">Balangir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balasore" title="Balasore">Balasore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbil" title="Barbil">Barbil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bargarh" title="Bargarh">Bargarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baripada" title="Baripada">Baripada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhadrak" title="Bhadrak">Bhadrak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhawanipatna" title="Bhawanipatna">Bhawanipatna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar">Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berhampur" title="Berhampur">Berhampur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuttack" title="Cuttack">Cuttack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhenkanal" title="Dhenkanal">Dhenkanal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jajpur" title="Jajpur">Jajpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharsuguda" title="Jharsuguda">Jharsuguda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeypore" title="Jeypore">Jeypore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joda" title="Joda">Joda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendrapara" title="Kendrapara">Kendrapara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendujhar" title="Kendujhar">Kendujhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khordha" title="Khordha">Khordha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradeep" title="Paradeep">Paradeep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puri" title="Puri">Puri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rourkela" title="Rourkela">Rourkela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambalpur" title="Sambalpur">Sambalpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talcher" title="Talcher">Talcher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geographical_indication" title="Geographical indication">GI products</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berhampur_Patta" title="Berhampur Patta">Berhampur Patta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomkai_sari" title="Bomkai sari">Bomkai sari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhalapathar_Parda_%26_Fabrics" title="Dhalapathar Parda & Fabrics">Dhalapathar Parda & Fabrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganjam_Kewda_Flower" title="Ganjam Kewda Flower">Ganjam Kewda Flower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganjam_Kewda_Rooh" title="Ganjam Kewda Rooh">Ganjam Kewda Rooh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopalpur_Tussar_Fabrics" title="Gopalpur Tussar Fabrics">Gopalpur Tussar Fabrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habaspuri_sari" title="Habaspuri sari">Habaspuri sari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khandua" title="Khandua">Khandua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konark_stone_carving" class="mw-redirect" title="Konark stone carving">Konark stone carving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotpad_Handloom_fabrics" title="Kotpad Handloom fabrics">Kotpad Handloom fabrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha_Ikat" title="Odisha Ikat">Odisha Ikat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattachitra" title="Pattachitra">Pattachitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipili_appliqu%C3%A9_work" title="Pipili appliqué work">Pipili appliqué work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasgulla" title="Rasgulla">Odisha Rasagola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambalpuri_sari" title="Sambalpuri sari">Sambalpuri sari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Odisha" title="Category:Odisha">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arts_of_Odisha" title="Arts of Odisha">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Odisha" title="Cinema of Odisha">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Odisha" title="Cuisine of Odisha">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Odisha" title="Culture of Odisha">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha_Day" title="Odisha Day">Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Odisha" title="Economy of Odisha">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Odisha" title="Education in Odisha">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festivals_of_Odisha" title="Festivals of Odisha">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Orissa_Official_Language_Act,_1954" title="The Orissa Official Language Act, 1954">Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_script" title="Odia script">Script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_literature" title="Odia literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_grammar" title="Odia grammar">Grammar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_people" title="Odia people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scheduled_Tribes_in_Odisha" title="List of Scheduled Tribes in Odisha">Tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Odisha" title="Sports in Odisha">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Odisha" title="Tourism in Odisha">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/48px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/64px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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<li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Autonomous administrative divisions of India">Autonomous administrative divisions of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_states_and_union_territories_of_India" title="Proposed states and union territories of India">Proposed states and union territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Historical_Indian_regions" title="Category:Historical Indian regions">Historical Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Presidencies_of_British_India" title="Category:Presidencies of British India">British Provinces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Odisha" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse 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4em">Languages of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Odisha</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarhi_language" title="Chhattisgarhi language">Chhattisgarhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_languages" title="Dravidian languages">Dravidian languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kui_language_(India)" title="Kui language (India)">Kui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuvi_language" title="Kuvi language">Kuvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurukh_language" title="Kurukh language">Kurux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_language" title="Gondi language">Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengo_language" title="Pengo language">Pengo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manda_language_(India)" title="Manda language (India)">Manda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ollari_language" title="Ollari language">Ollari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duruwa_language" title="Duruwa language">Duruwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koya_language" title="Koya language">Koya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Santali_language" title="Santali language">Santali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_language" title="Ho language">Ho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharia_language" title="Kharia language">Kharia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juang_language" title="Juang language">Juang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lodhi_language" title="Lodhi language">Lodhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juray_language" title="Juray language">Juray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sora_language" title="Sora language">Sora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutob_language" title="Gutob language">Gutob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gta%CA%BC_language" title="Gtaʼ language">Gtaʼ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorum_language" title="Gorum language">Gorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonda_language" title="Bonda language">Bonda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/235023660">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4043880-6">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2015031859">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11932900f">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11932900f">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Urísa (Indie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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