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view-asset-image-scale-300x-captioned-thickbox"><div class="view-content view-content-asset-image-scale-300x-captioned-thickbox"><div class="clear-block assets"><div class="asset first"><div class="view-field field-imagefile"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706074154/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/media/images/photographs/2011_haiti_reportcover_0.jpg" title="" class="thickbox" rel="gallery-image"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706074154im_/http://www.hrw.org/de/sites/default/files/imagecache/scale-300x/media/images/photographs/2011_haiti_reportcover_0.jpg" alt="2011_haiti_reportcover.jpg"/></a></div><div class="view-field field-image-caption"><p>Besucher einer Ausstellung über den Ex-Präsidenten Jean-Claude "Baby Doc" Duvalier in Port-au-Prince betrachten Fotos von Vermissten, 11. Februar 2011.</p> </div><div class="view-field field-copyright">© 2011 AP Photo</div></div> </div></div></div> </div></div></div></dd><dd><div class="clear-block field field-type-link field-field-news-link"><div class="field-label">More Coverage: </div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706074154/http://www.hrw.org/node/97891">Zum vollständigen Bericht auf Englisch</a></div><div class="field-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706074154/http://www.miamiherald.com/2011/01/27/2036343/his-victims-wont-forget.html">Kommentar aus dem Miami Herald: “Duvalier: His victims won't forget” (Englisch)</a></div></div></div></dd><dd><div class="pullquote"><div class="clear-block field field-type-text field-field-news-pullquote"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item"><p>„Der Duvalier-Prozess könnte zum wichtigsten Verfahren in der Geschichte Haitis werden. Die Durchführung eines fairen Verfahrens stellt die haitianische Justiz vor enorme Herausforderungen, die sie mit internationaler Unterstützung jedoch meistern kann.“</p> </div></div></div><div class="clear-block field field-type-text field-field-news-pullquote-author"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item">Reed Brody, Rechtsexperte bei Human Rights Watch</div></div></div></div></dd></dl></div> <div class="node-body"><p>(Port-au-Prince, 14. April 2011) – Die Strafverfolgung gegen Ex-Diktator Jean-Claude Duvalier bietet der haitianischen Justiz die historische Chance, die schrecklichsten Verbrechen der Geschichte Haitis aufzuarbeiten, so Human Rights Watch in einem heute veröffentlichten Bericht.</p> <p>Der 47-seitige Bericht „<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706074154/http://www.hrw.org/node/97891">Haiti’s Rendezvous With History: The Case of Jean-Claude Duvalier</a>“ untersucht rechtliche und praktische Aspekte des Falls Duvalier und kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass Haiti nach internationalem Recht verpflichtet ist, die schweren Menschenrechtsverletzungen unter Duvalier zu untersuchen und strafrechtlich zu verfolgen. Der Bericht beschäftigt sich auch mit der Frage, ob Haiti die technischen Voraussetzungen für ein Verfahren aufweist, mit Verjährungsfristen und der mutmaßlichen persönlichen Verwicklung Duvaliers in einzelne Straftaten.</p> <p>„Der Duvalier-Prozess könnte zum wichtigsten Verfahren in der Geschichte Haitis werden“, so Reed Brody, Rechtsexperte bei Human Rights Watch. „Die Durchführung eines fairen Verfahrens stellt die haitianische Justiz vor enorme Herausforderungen, die sie mit internationaler Unterstützung jedoch meistern kann.“</p> <p>Duvalier war am 16. Januar 2011 nach beinahe 25 Jahren im Exil nach Haiti zurückgekehrt und wurde wegen Finanzdelikten und Menschenrechtsverletzungen angeklagt. Die Ermittlungen sind derzeit im Gange.</p> <p>Unter Duvaliers Herrschaft, die von 1971 bis 1986 dauerte, kam es in Haiti zu systematischen Menschenrechtsverletzungen. Hunderte politische Gefangene, die in einem Netzwerk von Gefängnissen, dem sogenannten „Dreieck des Todes“, festgehalten wurden, starben infolge von Misshandlung oder wurden außergerichtlich hingerichtet. Duvaliers Regierung ließ wiederholt unabhängige Tageszeitungen und Radiosender schließen. Journalisten wurden geschlagen, gefoltert, verhaftet und zur Ausreise gezwungen.</p> <p>Nach haitianischem Recht kann Duvalier entweder als „Mittäter“ bei Straftaten seiner Untergebenen oder wegen Fehlverhaltens als Vorgesetzter angeklagt werden. Letzteres liegt vor, wenn ein Befehlshaber es versäumt, Straftaten unter seinem Kommando zu verhindern oder zu bestrafen. Beide möglichen Anklagewege wurden bereits bei der Strafverfolgung der Verantwortlichen des Massakers von Raboteau im April 1994 vor haitianischen Gerichten beschritten und führten zunächst zur Verurteilung mehrerer Befehlshaber, unter ihnen auch Raoul Cédras, dem Führer der von 1991 bis 1994 in Haiti herrschenden Militärjunta. Die Urteile wurden später jedoch aufgehoben.</p> <p>Bei den Recherchen für den Bericht untersuchte Human Rights Watch beispielsweise die Verhaftung von mehr als 100 haitianischen Journalisten und Aktivisten am 28. November 1980. Etliche von ihnen wurden gefoltert, viele weitere des Landes verwiesen. Der Polizeichef von Port-au-Prince erklärte später, Duvalier habe ihn angewiesen: „Tun Sie mit den Journalisten, was sie wollen!“. Duvalier selbst sagte gegenüber der New York Times, um ein Komplott gegen die Regierung zu vereiteln, „waren wir gezwungen zu handeln“.</p> <p>Nach Einschätzung von Human Rights Watch können die Ermittlungen gegen Duvalier nicht aufgrund von Verjährungsfristen eingestellt werden. Der Interamerikanische Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte, dessen Urteile für Haiti bindend sind, hat wiederholt entschieden, dass Verjährungsvorschriften im Zusammenhang mit schweren Menschenrechtsverletzungen in Sinne des internationalen Rechts nicht anwendbar sind. Die Vertragsstaaten der Amerikanischen Menschenrechtskonvention seien verpflichtet, schwere Verstöße zu untersuchen und strafrechtlich zu ahnden. In Fällen des sogenannten Verschwindenlassens beginnt die Verjährungsfrist ohnehin erst, wenn der Aufenthaltsort des Opfers bestimmt wurde.</p> <p>Ermittlungen und das Verfahren gegen einen ehemaligen Staatschef wegen massenhaft verübter Verbrechen, die 25 bis 40 Jahre zurückliegen, sind äußerst kompliziert, insbesondere wegen des schwachen Justizsystems in Haiti. Um die begrenzten Mittel optimal einzusetzen, soll die haitianische Regierung sich auf die Schlüsselereignisse aus der Duvalier-Zeit konzentrieren. Die internationale Gemeinschaft soll die Bemühungen der haitianischen Justiz auf fachlicher Ebene unterstützen.</p> <p>„Ein fairer Prozess gegen Duvalier könnte das Ende der Straflosigkeit bedeuten, die die Geschichte Haitis geprägt hat“, so Brody. „Internationale Unterstützung kann einen entscheidenden Beitrag zum Erfolg dieses Verfahrens leisten.“</p> </div><div class="node-translations"><span class="label">AUCH VEFÜGBAR AUF</span><ul class="links"><li class="first 0"><a href="/web/20110706074154/http://www.hrw.org/de/news/2011/04/14/haiti-duvalier-prosecution-rendezvous-history" class="0">English</a></li> <li class="1"><a href="/web/20110706074154/http://www.hrw.org/de/news/2011/04/14/hait-el-juicio-duvalier-es-un-reencuentro-con-la-historia" class="1">Español</a></li> <li class="2"><a href="/web/20110706074154/http://www.hrw.org/de/news/2011/04/14/ha-ti-les-poursuites-contre-duvalier-un-rendez-vous-avec-l-histoire" class="2">Français</a></li> <li class="3"><a 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