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Pozivamo vas da joj se priključite.\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\n\u003Clink rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r42423318\" /\u003E\u003Ctable class=\"plainlinks fmbox fmbox-system\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"border:1px solid #008100; width:100%; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-image\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File/Frameless\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Datoteka:Flag_of_the_Romani_people.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_the_Romani_people.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Romani_people.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"60\" height=\"40\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_the_Romani_people.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Romani_people.svg.png 1.5x\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-text\"\u003EU toku je \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedija:Ure%C4%91iva%C4%8Dki_maraton_povodom_Me%C4%91unarodnog_dana_Roma_2025.\" title=\"Wikipedija:Uređivački maraton povodom Međunarodnog dana Roma 2025.\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color:#008100;\"\u003EUređivački maraton povodom Međunarodnog dana Roma\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/a\u003E.\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sajt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sadržaj" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Odnos_sa_idejama_prosvijećenog_apsolutizma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Odnos_sa_idejama_prosvijećenog_apsolutizma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Odnos sa idejama prosvijećenog apsolutizma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Odnos_sa_idejama_prosvijećenog_apsolutizma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teorijski_izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teorijski_izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Teorijski izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teorijski_izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jozefinizam_u_praksi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jozefinizam_u_praksi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Jozefinizam u praksi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jozefinizam_u_praksi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Držanje_Katoličke_crkve" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Držanje_Katoličke_crkve"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Držanje Katoličke crkve</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Držanje_Katoličke_crkve-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nakon_Josipa_II." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nakon_Josipa_II."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Nakon Josipa II.</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nakon_Josipa_II.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Sadržaj" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jozefinizam</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Prijedi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupno je na 19 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="جوزيفينية — Arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جوزيفينية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Іосіфізм — Beloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Іосіфізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Beloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%81%D0%B7%D1%8D%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Ёзэфінізм — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ёзэфінізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefinismus" title="Josefinismus — Češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Josefinismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephinismus" title="Josephinismus — Nemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Josephinismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Nemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephinism" title="Josephinism — Engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Josephinism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9phisme" title="Joséphisme — Francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Joséphisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jozefinizam" title="Jozefinizam — Hrvatski" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jozefinizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jozefinizmus" title="Jozefinizmus — Mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jozefinizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppinismo" title="Giuseppinismo — Italijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Giuseppinismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BC%E3%83%95%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="ヨーゼフ主義 — Japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヨーゼフ主義" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iosephinismus" title="Iosephinismus — Latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iosephinismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jozefinisme" title="Jozefinisme — Holandski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jozefinisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Holandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefinisme" title="Josefinisme — Norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Josefinisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3zefinizm" title="Józefinizm — Poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Józefinizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefismo" title="Josefismo — Portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Josefismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Иосифизм — Ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Иосифизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Јозефинизам — Srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јозефинизам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefinism" title="Josefinism — Švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Josefinism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q667737#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredite jezičke veze" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi veze</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jozefinizam" title="Vidi stranicu sadržaja [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stranica</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Razgovor:Jozefinizam&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Razgovarajte o sadržini ove stranice (stranica ne postoji) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Promijeni jezičnu varijantu" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Latinica</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-sh-Latn mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jozefinizam&variant=sh-latn" lang="sh-Latn" hreflang="sh-Latn"><span>Latinica</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-sh-Cyrl mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jozefinizam&variant=sh-cyrl" lang="sh-Cyrl" hreflang="sh-Cyrl"><span>Ћирилица</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Teme"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jozefinizam"><span>Prikaži</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jozefinizam&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jozefinizam&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kod ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kod</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jozefinizam&action=history" title="Pogledajte prethodne verzije ove stranice [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Historija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alatke" > <label 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dir="ltr"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><p><b>Jozefinizam</b> je naziv za vjersku doktrinu o odnosima Crkve i države koja je razvijena na dvoru <a href="/wiki/Josip_II.,_car_Svetog_Rimskog_Carstva" class="mw-redirect" title="Josip II., car Svetog Rimskog Carstva">Cara Josipa II.</a>, koji je iz Beča vladao Njemačkom (Austrija je tada bila samo nadvojvodstvo), Češkom i Ugarskom 1780.-1790. godine (područje kojim je vladao obuhvaćala je i znatne dijelovima današnje Italije, Poljske, Rumunjske, Ukrajine, Nizozemske, Belgije i Francuske). </p><p>Termnin "jozefinizam" se također rabi za čitav spektar (nestrpljivih) reformi kojima je cilj bilo da se cjelokupni ustroj društava Srednje Europe što žurnije uredi prema "najsuvremenijim" idejama sa kraja 18. stoljeća. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Joseph_Hickel_(attr)_Joseph_II_als_Mitregent_seiner_Mutter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Joseph_Hickel_%28attr%29_Joseph_II_als_Mitregent_seiner_Mutter.jpg/220px-Joseph_Hickel_%28attr%29_Joseph_II_als_Mitregent_seiner_Mutter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Joseph_Hickel_%28attr%29_Joseph_II_als_Mitregent_seiner_Mutter.jpg/330px-Joseph_Hickel_%28attr%29_Joseph_II_als_Mitregent_seiner_Mutter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Joseph_Hickel_%28attr%29_Joseph_II_als_Mitregent_seiner_Mutter.jpg/440px-Joseph_Hickel_%28attr%29_Joseph_II_als_Mitregent_seiner_Mutter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3511" data-file-height="4625" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Josip_II.,_car_Svetog_Rimskog_Carstva" class="mw-redirect" title="Josip II., car Svetog Rimskog Carstva">Josip II., car Svetog Rimskog Carstva</a> je istaknuti predstavnik prosvijećenog apsolutizma: držao je da vladar treba usrećiti narod čak i onim zakonima i mjerama kojima se narod izrazito protivi</figcaption></figure> <p><br /> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Odnos_sa_idejama_prosvijećenog_apsolutizma"><span id="Odnos_sa_idejama_prosvije.C4.87enog_apsolutizma"></span>Odnos sa idejama prosvijećenog apsolutizma</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jozefinizam&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odjeljak Odnos sa idejama prosvijećenog apsolutizma" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jozefinizam&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Odnos sa idejama prosvijećenog apsolutizma"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Josip II. je bio istaknuti primjer <a href="/wiki/Prosvije%C4%87eni_apsolutizam" title="Prosvijećeni apsolutizam">prosvijećenog apsolutizma</a>, doktrine koja je državnoj vlasti davala znatno veći značaj nego što je bio običaj u Europi ranijih stoljeća, kada je vlast monarha bila uvelike ograničena utjecajem plemstva, gradova i crkvenih ustanova. Kao vladar koji je vladao također i luteranskim dijelovima Njemačke, bio je sklon da se utjecaj Katoličke crkve svede na onu mjeru koja je ranije već bila realizirana kod protestanata - gdje je naime i dalje postojala unija između Crkve i države, ali takva u kojem je knez bio poglavar vjerske zajednice, te je državna vlast u svakom pogledu bila nadređena Crkvi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teorijski_izvori">Teorijski izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jozefinizam&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odjeljak Teorijski izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jozefinizam&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Teorijski izvori"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>U mnogim stvarima - počev od poklonstva idejama <a href="/wiki/Apsolutna_monarhija" title="Apsolutna monarhija">aspolutne monarhije</a> - jozefinizam je ponavljao doktrine koji su odranije postojali u Francuskoj pod imenom <a href="/wiki/Galikanizam" title="Galikanizam">galikanizam</a>. </p><p>Na bečkom dvoru iznimno utjecajni knez Wenzel Anton Kaunitz - inače osobni <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaireov</a> prijatelj i poklonik misli francuskih <a href="/w/index.php?title=Enciklopedisti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enciklopedisti (stranica ne postoji)">enciklopedista</a> - se osobito zauzimao za viziju podređivanja vjere državnoj vlasti (rani <a href="/wiki/Liberalizam" title="Liberalizam">liberali</a> iz Voltaireovog doba su, doista, bili veliki entuzijasti državnog apsolutizma); te je orkestrirao grupicu intelektualaca koji su galikanističke ideje iz Francuske usavršili i doveli do krajnjih konzekvenci; takvih do kojih ih je mogao dovesti jedan čovjek nezgrapnog karaktera na mjestu apsolutnog vladara, što je približni opis Josipa II. </p><p>Oslanjajući se u velikoj mjeri na djelo Johanna Nikolausa von Hontheima (pomoćni biskup u Trieru), koji je pod pseudonimom "Justinus Febronius" 1763. godine objavio djelo "Justini Febronii Juris consulti de Stata Ecclesiæ et legitimâ potestate Romani Pontificis Liber singularis ad reuniendos dissidentes in religione christianos compositus"<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> - djelo osuđeno kao krivovjerno već 1764, godine, od strane djelo pape <a href="/wiki/Klement_XIII." title="Klement XIII.">Klementa XIII</a> - razvili su ti intelektualci okupljeni na bečkom dvoru i univerzitetu (spominju se osobito liječnik Van Swieten, te profesori Martini, Sonnenfels i Riegger) doktrinu prema kojoj je Crkva samo dio državnog resora što se bavi prosvjetom. </p><p>U samom podučavanju vjere naglasak je izrazito stavljan na moralne vrijednosti podučavane u duhu <a href="/wiki/Racionalizam" title="Racionalizam">racionalizma</a>, a potiskivani su emocionalni, mistični i drugi aspekti duhovnog života. Obzirom da je glavna zapreka postizanju sreće naroda zanemarivanje dužnosti i nedostatak uzajamne dobrohotnosti među ljudima, takvo stanje treba popravljati putem vjere, koja odgaja savjest naroda. Onaj dio vjerskog života koji nije rezonirao sa razmišljanjima racionalističkih intelektualaca sa kraja 18. stoljeća, bio je zanemaren i štoviše potiskivan kao "neprosvjećenost" i "iracionalnost". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jozefinizam_u_praksi">Jozefinizam u praksi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jozefinizam&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odjeljak Jozefinizam u praksi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jozefinizam&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Jozefinizam u praksi"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Provedene su brojne reforme koje su duboko dirale u vjerske običaje - primjerice je bilo propisano da se ne smije mrtve pokapati u lijesovima, nego umotane u platno, a pogrebne povorke nisu smjele do groba (gdje bi se pokojnike bacalo u grupne grobove), nego samo do ulaza u groblje, radikalno je smanjen broj svećenika i podržavljen vrlo veliki broj školskih, zdravstvenih i socijalnih ustanova koje je vodila Crkva. Ukinuti su cijeli crkveni redovi, poput <a href="/wiki/Pavlini" title="Pavlini">pavlina</a>. Obrazloženje silovitom raspuštanju samostana (većina samostana je bila raspuštena već do 1784. godine) i podržavljivanju njihovih dobara je bilo, da se ukidaju samostani kontemplativnog tipa, koji da nisu od vidljive koristi društvu. Međutim je tako ukinut i pavlinski samostan u Lepoglavi, koji je vodio sveučilište; raspušteni su čak i serviti - red koji se isključivo bavio vođenjem bolničkih ustanova<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Osnovano je svega šest velikih državnih škola koje su smjele obrazovati svećeničke kandidate; zahvaljujući utjecaju tih škola, ideje Jozefinizma su dugo ostale aktualne. Monarh je odlučivao o imenovanju biskupa, koji su sa Papom smjeli komunicirati samo preko carevog ureda. </p><p>Godine 1783., određeno je raspuštanje svih <a href="/wiki/Ceh" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceh">cehova</a> i drugih <a href="/wiki/Bratov%C5%A1tina" title="Bratovština">bratovština</a> (u Europi tadašnjeg vremena, sve su takve socijalne udruge bile pravno ustrojene kao osobe crkvenog prava, koje su bile upravljane od svojih članova i nadzirane od biskupa), te podržavljivanje njihove imovine. Obzirom na izrazitu razdrobljenost te imovine (poput seoskih pašnjaka ili mlinova, iznajmljivanjem kojih su bratovštine osiguravale prihode za uzdržavanje udovica i siročadi i slične potrebe), cijela stvar je na praktičnoj razini samo donijela gomilu komplikaciju općinskim vlastima, koje su se sada morale brinuti za razne socijalna pitanja o kojima su do tada manje ili više uspješno brigu vodile bratovštine. </p><p>Međutim je baš takav veći utjecaj državnih vlasti na socijalni život (gdje "<a href="/wiki/Dr%C5%BEava" title="Država">država</a>" istiskuje "<a href="/wiki/Dru%C5%A1tvo" title="Društvo">društvo</a>") i bila glavna ideja vodilja Josipa II. (i svih <a href="/wiki/Apsolutizam" title="Apsolutizam">apsolutista</a>, zapravo): pretvoriti podanike u mnoštvo što odvojenijih individua, kako bi državna vlast što efikasnije mogla uređivati život stanovništva. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Držanje_Katoličke_crkve"><span id="Dr.C5.BEanje_Katoli.C4.8Dke_crkve"></span>Držanje Katoličke crkve</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jozefinizam&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odjeljak Držanje Katoličke crkve" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jozefinizam&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Držanje Katoličke crkve"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prema ovim je politikama Sveta stolica iskazivala protivljenje, ali je ocijenila oportunim da izbjegne otvorenu konfrontaciju sa bečkim dvorom: često se "između redaka" govorilo o "febronianizmu", i ponavljalo osudu koju je idejama što su se provodile carskom vlašću desetljećima ranije bio izrekao <a href="/wiki/Klement_XIII." title="Klement XIII.">Klement XIII.</a>; također se nastojalo diplomatski djelovati na vojvode koji su ostvarivali nasljednu suverenu vlast u "federalnim jedinicama" od kojih se sastojalo Sveto Rimsko Carstvo, i ishoditi ublažavanja politike iz Beča. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nakon_Josipa_II.">Nakon Josipa II.</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jozefinizam&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odjeljak Nakon Josipa II." class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jozefinizam&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Nakon Josipa II."><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Makar je vladavina Josipa II. - koja je zbog nezgrapnog provođenja apsolutistički reformi u čitavoj monarhiji, te zbog provođenja germanizacije u nenjemačkim područjima bila izrazito nepopularna - trajala svega deset godina, a sam Josip II. je morao prije kraja vladavina ukinuti skoro sve svoje zakone, čijim je provođenjem bio ugrožen sam opstanak države, utjecaj jozefinizma u vjerskim stvarima je ostao aktualan još desetljećima<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: obilježio je dugačko razdoblje <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metternichovog_aspolutizma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metternichovog aspolutizma (stranica ne postoji)">Metternichovog aspolutizma</a>. Pravi početak odustanka od njegovih doktrina nastupa tek sredinom 19. stoljeća, zahvaljujući djelu koje je ostavio ministar bogoštovlja i prosvjete Leo von Thun und Hohenstein, u vrijeme nakon <a href="/wiki/Revolucija_1848.-1849." class="mw-redirect" title="Revolucija 1848.-1849.">Revolucionije 1848. - 1849. godine</a>: on se bio založio za uspostavljanje odnosa države i Katoličke crkve koji bi bili sukladni katoličkoj vjerskoj doktrini.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>U Švicarskoj, dio katoličkih kantona je 1834. godine bio prihvatio jozefinističku doktrinu o odnosu Crkve i države, približavajući se time stanju koje je već postojalo u protestantskim švicarskim kantonima ("Badenski članci").<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prema kraju XIX. stoljeća je utjecaj jozefinizma i sličnih ideja (zapravo su apsolutistički vladari širom katoličkog svijeta provodili slične politike) blijedio; međutim su mnogi živopisni detalji katoličke vjere koje i danas možemo vidjeti u rubnim područjima katoličanstva poput Sicilije gurani u sferu pučkih običaja i često nisu ni opstali. U područjima koja su bila izložena takvim politikama racionalističkih vladara, vjera je uvelike racionalizirana i prenošena novim generacijama kao mnoštvo dobrih savjeta, gubeći veliki dio katoličanstvu tradicionalne vedrine, milosrđa i emotivnosti<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jozefinizam&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odjeljak Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jozefinizam&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r42389381">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06023a.htm">[1]</a>"Catholic Encyclopedia", New York 1912. - 1914., članak "Febronianism"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://doktori.btk.elte.hu/hist/feketejozsef/thesis.pdf">[2]</a>"THE HISTORY OF THE SERVITE ORDER IN HUNGARY BETWEEN 1867 AND 1950", József Fekete, PhD thesis, Loránd Eötvös University Budapest, 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-07092010-111611/">[3]</a>"In the Shadow of Josephinism: Austria and the Catholic Church in the Restoration, 1815-1848", Berg M. Scott, University of North Texas, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14711c.htm">[4]</a>"Catholic Encyclopedia" 1912. - 1914. članak "Count Leo Thun-Hohenstein"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02351c.htm">[5]</a>"Catholic Encyclopedia", New York 1912. - 1914., članak "Gallus Jacob Baumgartner"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/pius_x/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-x_enc_04101903_e-supremi_en.html">[6]</a>"E supremi", enciklika pape Pija X, 1903., toč. 11.</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr">Izvor: <a dir="ltr" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jozefinizam&oldid=30293078">https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jozefinizam&oldid=30293078</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorije</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Habsbur%C5%A1ka_Monarhija" title="Kategorija:Habsburška Monarhija">Habsburška Monarhija</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Filozofija_religije" title="Kategorija:Filozofija religije">Filozofija religije</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ova stranica je posljednji put izmijenjena 6. jula 2016. u 10:56.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod licencom <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike</a>; mogu se primijeniti i dodatni uslovi. 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