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class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb" class=""><span>Doner</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Kuru" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk" class=""><span>Opprett konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Kuru" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk [o]" 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data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kuru</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 42 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuru_(sjukdom)" title="Kuru (sjukdom) – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kuru (sjukdom)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88" title="كورو – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كورو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81_(%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97)" title="কুরু (রোগ) – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কুরু (রোগ)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83_(%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0)" title="Куру (хвароба) – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Куру (хвароба)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83_(%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82)" title="Куру (болест) – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Куру (болест)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuru" title="Kuru – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kuru" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuru" title="Kuru – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kuru" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuru_(Krankheit)" title="Kuru (Krankheit) – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kuru (Krankheit)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuru_(haigus)" title="Kuru (haigus) – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kuru (haigus)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuru_(disease)" title="Kuru (disease) – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kuru (disease)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuru_(enfermedad)" title="Kuru (enfermedad) – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kuru (enfermedad)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuruo" title="Kuruo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kuruo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuru" title="Kuru – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kuru" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88" title="بیماری کورو – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بیماری کورو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuru_(maladie)" title="Kuru (maladie) – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kuru (maladie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuru" title="Kuru – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Kuru" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuru_(%C5%A9r%C5%A9aru)" title="Kuru (ũrũaru) – kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Kuru (ũrũaru)" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BF%A0%EB%A3%A8%EB%B3%91" title="쿠루병 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="쿠루병" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuru" title="Kuru – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kuru" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuru_(penyakit)" title="Kuru (penyakit) – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kuru (penyakit)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuru_(malattia)" title="Kuru (malattia) – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kuru (malattia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%95" title="מחלת קורו – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מחלת קורו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuru_(liga)" title="Kuru (liga) – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kuru (liga)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuru_(betegs%C3%A9g)" title="Kuru (betegség) – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kuru (betegség)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88" title="كورو – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كورو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuru_(ziekte)" title="Kuru (ziekte) – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kuru (ziekte)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E7%97%85" title="クールー病 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クールー病" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuru_kasalligi" title="Kuru kasalligi – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kuru kasalligi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuru" title="Kuru – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kuru" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuru" title="Kuru – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Kuru" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83_(%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8C)" title="Куру (болезнь) – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Куру (болезнь)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuru_(disease)" title="Kuru (disease) – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kuru (disease)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuru_(choroba)" title="Kuru (choroba) – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kuru (choroba)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuru" title="Kuru – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kuru" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83" title="Куру – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Куру" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuru" title="Kuru – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kuru" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuru_(tauti)" title="Kuru (tauti) – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kuru (tauti)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuru_(sakit)" title="Kuru (sakit) – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kuru (sakit)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9" title="โรคคูรู – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โรคคูรู" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuru_(hastal%C4%B1k)" title="Kuru (hastalık) – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kuru (hastalık)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83_(%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0)" title="Куру (хвороба) – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Куру (хвороба)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%93%E9%B2%81%E7%97%85" title="库鲁病 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="库鲁病" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q274615#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kuru" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskusjon:Kuru&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskusjon om innholdssiden (ikke skrevet ennå) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bytt språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk bokmål</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kuru"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuru&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuru&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuru&action=history" title="Tidligere sideversjoner av denne siden [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktøy" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktøy</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere alternativer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlinger </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kuru"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuru&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuru&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuru&action=history"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Lenker_hit/Kuru" title="Liste over alle wikisider som lenker hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lenker hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Relaterte_endringer/Kuru" rel="nofollow" title="Siste endringer i sider som blir lenket fra denne siden [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterte 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Fore_child_in_advanced_kuru_stage.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Fore_child_in_advanced_kuru_stage.png/250px-Fore_child_in_advanced_kuru_stage.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="358" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Fore_child_in_advanced_kuru_stage.png/375px-Fore_child_in_advanced_kuru_stage.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Fore_child_in_advanced_kuru_stage.png/500px-Fore_child_in_advanced_kuru_stage.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="733" /></a><figcaption>Pasient med kuru.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Kuru</b> er en sykdom som påvirker <a href="/wiki/Hjerne" title="Hjerne">hjernen</a>, en overførbar spongiform encefalopati (TSE) eller langsom ukonvensjonell <a href="/wiki/Virus" title="Virus">virussykdom</a>. På det lokale språket fore betyr <i>kuru</i> «å skjelve av kulde eller <a href="/wiki/Feber" title="Feber">feber</a>». Spredning av sykdommen skyldtes <a href="/wiki/Kannibalisme" title="Kannibalisme">kannibalisme</a>, og viste seg som en <a href="/wiki/Cerebellum" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerebellum">cerebellær</a> <a href="/wiki/Ataksi" title="Ataksi">ataksi</a> med 100% <a href="/wiki/D%C3%B8delighet" class="mw-redirect" title="Dødelighet">dødelighet</a>. Symptomene var ukontrollert skjelving, rykkende bevegelser og svelgvansker. Ved <a href="/wiki/Obduksjon" title="Obduksjon">obduksjoner</a> fremkom amyloid plakk.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kuru ble først beskrevet av <a href="/wiki/Carleton_Gaidusek" title="Carleton Gaidusek">Daniel Carleton Gajdusek</a> i <a href="/wiki/1950-%C3%A5rene" title="1950-årene">1950-årene</a>. For sitt arbeid med kuru delte han i 1976 <a href="/wiki/Nobelprisen_i_medisin" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobelprisen i medisin">Nobelprisen i medisin</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> med <a href="/wiki/Baruch_S._Blumberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Baruch S. Blumberg">Baruch S. Blumberg</a>. </p><p>Kuru angrep bare stammer i det østlige <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B8yland" title="Høyland">høylandet</a> på <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a>. <a href="/wiki/Epidemi" title="Epidemi">Epidemien</a> avtok i årene 1957-2005, fra flere enn 200 <a href="/wiki/D%C3%B8dsfall" class="mw-redirect" title="Dødsfall">dødsfall</a> årlig til ett eller ingen.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Etter 1977 har rundt 2 500 omkommet av kuru, men ingen etter 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hver eneste kjente pasient med kuru etter 1957 er registrert, noe som gjør kuru til den beste dokumenterte sykdom noen gang. Hele 145 av de 175 <a href="/wiki/Landsby" title="Landsby">landsbyene</a> i området opplevde tilfeller, og i noen landsbyer døde ti % av de voksne kvinnene av kuru i løpet av ett år.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I likhet med <a href="/wiki/Skrapesyke" title="Skrapesyke">skrapesyke</a> og <a href="/wiki/Creutzfeldt-Jakobs_sykdom" title="Creutzfeldt-Jakobs sykdom">Creutzfeldt-Jakobs sykdom</a> forårsaker kuru svampaktige skader på hjernen. <a href="/wiki/Stanley_B._Prusiner" title="Stanley B. Prusiner">Stanley B. Prusiner</a> tok opp spørsmålet om hva slags smitte som forårsaker disse sykdommene. Det kunne ikke være noe levende, for kuru-infisert vev var fortsatt smittsomt, selv etter å ha vært dyppet i <a href="/wiki/Kjemikalie" class="mw-redirect" title="Kjemikalie">kjemikalier</a>, stekt i ovn og <a href="/wiki/UV-str%C3%A5ling" class="mw-redirect" title="UV-stråling">UV-stråling</a>, og utsatt for <a href="/wiki/Radioaktivitet" title="Radioaktivitet">radioaktiv stråling</a>. Ingen former for liv kan overleve noe sånt, så Prusiner kom frem til at smitten måtte være en slags <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">proteiner</a> som han kalte «<a href="/wiki/Prioner" title="Prioner">prioner</a>».<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Han fikk i 1997 Nobelprisen i medisin for sitt arbeid med dette.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historie">Historie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuru&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Historie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuru&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Historie"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tradisjonen med rituell kannibalisme var ikke gammel, den kom til høylenderne i løpet av 1890-tallet.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stammens voksne kvinner ville legge den avdøde på en båre, smøre seg inn med grisefett mot nattekulden og <a href="/wiki/Insekt" class="mw-redirect" title="Insekt">insektbitt</a>, bære den døde til en lund og foreta parteringen. Knoklene ble støtt til pulver og stekt med kjøttet; bare den bitre <a href="/wiki/Gallebl%C3%A6re" title="Galleblære">galleblæren</a> ble vraket.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hjernen fikk bare voksne kvinner spise, siden barn ble antatt å ville stoppe i veksten om de spiste hjernen.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:OkapaFore.large.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/OkapaFore.large.jpg/250px-OkapaFore.large.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/OkapaFore.large.jpg/375px-OkapaFore.large.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/OkapaFore.large.jpg/500px-OkapaFore.large.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>De østlige høylandsområdene i <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a> der blant andre fore-stammen er bosatt.</figcaption></figure> <p>Utover 1900-tallet ble et økende antall voksne høylenderkvinner angrepet av ustø gange og ukontrollert skjelving, og alle omkom. Blant voksne menn var denne sykdommen nesten ukjent; men forvirrende nok ble en del barn av begge kjønn syke. Hele samfunnsordenen vaklet, for mangelen på voksne kvinner førte til <a href="/wiki/Bruderov" title="Bruderov">kvinnerov</a> som ofte nok førte til stammekriger i høylandet, og denne situasjonen forverret seg nå. I tillegg var det fare for at hele den oppvoksende slekt - av begge kjønn - kom til å dø før de rakk å forplante seg. Dette satte <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> i knipe. Landet hadde tilegnet seg høylandet etter <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B8rste_verdenskrig" title="Første verdenskrig">første verdenskrig</a> som sin sjanse til å bli en <a href="/wiki/Kolonimakt" title="Kolonimakt">kolonimakt</a>. Målet var å vinne befolkningen der for den vestlige sivilisasjon, og tjene penger på kjøpet. På 1950-tallet hadde høylenderne i stort antall forlatt sine skrinne jorder for å arbeide i <a href="/wiki/Gruve" title="Gruve">gruver</a> og på <a href="/wiki/Kaffe" title="Kaffe">kaffeplantasjer</a>. De hvite hadde hjulpet dem å utrydde <a href="/wiki/Lepra" class="mw-redirect" title="Lepra">lepra</a> og frambøsi<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> - men til gjengjeld var kuru i kraftig fremvekst, og ingen forstod hvorfor. Australske myndigheter forsøkte å dysse ned saken, og da Carleton Gajdusek gikk inn i saken, ble han til og med beskyldt for å spre smitten fordi han reiste fra landsby til landsby for å undersøke de syke. Australia gikk så langt som å anmode <i><a href="/wiki/US_State_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="US State Department">US State Department</a></i> om å forby dr. Gajdusek å reise rundt i høylandet.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gajdusek ankom New Guinea tidlig i 1957, og hørte snart om kuru. Straks satte han kursen mot høylandet, og alt i løpet av den første uken hadde han møtt flere enn tyve kuru-syke. Han tok seg over <a href="/wiki/Jordskred" title="Jordskred">jordskred</a> og livsfarlige, dinglende broer ved hjelp av 10-13-år gamle <i>dokta bois</i> («doktorgutter») som bar mat og medisiner, og risikerte livet når de passerte området til fiendtlige stammer. Guttene oppsporet de syke, og når disse ga sin tillatelse, samlet Gajdusek inn prøver av blod og urin. Han var forferdet over sykdommens utbredelse, for 200 dødsfall i året blant høylenderne tilsvarte halvannen million årlige dødsfall i USA.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ved å bestikke lokalbefolkningen med <a href="/wiki/Salt" class="mw-redirect" title="Salt">salt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tobakk" title="Tobakk">tobakk</a>, kniver og tepper klarte han å overtale en del til å gå med på <a href="/wiki/Obduksjon" title="Obduksjon">obduksjon</a>. Et stort problem for ham var det at de var overbevist om at kuru skyldtes <a href="/wiki/Trolldom" title="Trolldom">trolldom</a>. De fryktet at en trollmann - som f.eks dr Gajdusek - skulle få makt over dem ved å skaffe seg noe av deres negleklipp, hår eller <a href="/wiki/Avf%C3%B8ring" title="Avføring">avføring</a>. Frykten var så stor at høylendere grov den dypeste <a href="/wiki/Latrine" title="Latrine">latrinen</a> som finnes noe sted i verden, og måtte de likevel gjøre fra seg ute i <a href="/wiki/Villmark" title="Villmark">villmarken</a>, fraktet de gjerne avføringen med seg hjem for å skaffe seg av med den under trygge omstendigheter, f.eks ved å brenne den. Kuru ble behandlet av en type avverge-trollmenn, som prøvde å nøytralisere den skadelige trolldommen ved kurer som kunne gå ut på å avstå fra å drikke eller fra salt. Gajdusek søkte å skape trygghet ved å anskaffe en diger <a href="/wiki/Hengel%C3%A5s" title="Hengelås">hengelås</a> til skrinet der han oppbevarte prøvene som ble tatt.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I 1963 injiserte Gajdusek og <a href="/wiki/Virolog" class="mw-redirect" title="Virolog">virologen</a> C.J. Gibbs smittestoff i hjernen til to hunn<a href="/wiki/Sjimpanse" title="Sjimpanse">sjimpanser</a> som begge holdt seg friske i noen år - så fikk de kuru-symptomer. Dette forklarte at det fortsatt fantes kuru-syke personer så sent som på 1970-tallet, selv om kannibalisme var avskaffet på 1950-tallet - det skyldtes virusets lange <a href="/wiki/Latens" title="Latens">latenstid</a>. Gibbs tok senere avstand fra medisinske forsøk med sjimpanser.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuru&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuru&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22411241/">Paweł P. Liberski, Beata Sikorska, Paul Brown: <i>Kuru, the first prion disease</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1976/gajdusek/facts/">«Gajdusek», <i>Nobelprisen i medisin</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19354007/">Michael Alpers: <i>A history of kuru</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://samkean.com/samkean.php">Sam Kean: <i>The tale of the duelling neurosurgeons</i> (s. 212), 2014, ISBN 9781784161033</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://samkean.com/samkean.php">Sam Kean: <i>The tale of the duelling neurosurgeons</i> (s. 200)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://samkean.com/samkean.php">Sam Kean: <i>The tale of the duelling neurosurgeons</i> (s. 205)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1997/prusiner/facts/">«Prusiner», <i>Nobelprisen i medisin</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://samkean.com/books/the-tale-of-the-dueling-neurosurgeons/">Sam Kean: <i>The tale of the duelling neurosurgeons</i> (s. 203)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://samkean.com/books/the-tale-of-the-dueling-neurosurgeons/">Sam Kean: <i>The tale of the duelling neurosurgeons</i> (s. 183)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://samkean.com/books/the-tale-of-the-dueling-neurosurgeons/">Sam Kean: <i>The tale of the duelling neurosurgeons</i> (s. 199)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Myrvang, Bjørn: «frambøsi» i <i>Store medisinske leksikon</i> på snl.no. Hentet 15. april 2024 fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://sml.snl.no/framb%C3%B8si">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://samkean.com/books/the-tale-of-the-dueling-neurosurgeons/">Sam Kean: <i>The tale of the duelling neurosurgeons</i> (s. 190)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://samkean.com/books/the-tale-of-the-dueling-neurosurgeons/">Sam Kean: <i>The tale of the duelling neurosurgeons</i> (s. 188-89)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://samkean.com/books/the-tale-of-the-dueling-neurosurgeons/">Sam Kean: <i>The tale of the duelling neurosurgeons</i> (s. 191-92)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://releasechimps.org/research/history/fatal-infections">Kuru-forsøkene, <i>releasechimps.org</i></a></span> </li> </ol></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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