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.ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style> <p>The <b>Münster rebellion</b> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/German_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Täuferreich von Münster</i>, "Anabaptist dominion of Münster") was an attempt by radical <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anabaptist?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Anabaptist">Anabaptists</a> to establish a communal sectarian government in the German city of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BCnster?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Münster">Münster</a> – then under the large <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_M%C3%BCnster?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prince-Bishopric of Münster">Prince-Bishopric of Münster</a> in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>.</p> <table class="infobox ib-country vcard"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"> <div class="fn org country-name"> Anabaptist Dominion of Münster </div> <div class="ib-country-names"> Täuferreich von Münster </div></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1534–1535</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:MuensterUnderSiege1534.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="The city of Münster under siege by prince bishop Franz von Waldeck in 1534. The picture shows the first attack at Pentecost."><img alt="The city of Münster under siege by Prince-Bishop Franz von Waldeck in 1534. The picture shows the first attack at Pentecost." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/MuensterUnderSiege1534.jpg/250px-MuensterUnderSiege1534.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/MuensterUnderSiege1534.jpg/375px-MuensterUnderSiege1534.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/MuensterUnderSiege1534.jpg/500px-MuensterUnderSiege1534.jpg 2x" data-file-width="686" data-file-height="366"></a></span> <div class="ib-country-map-caption"> The city of Münster under siege by prince bishop <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franz_von_Waldeck?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Franz von Waldeck">Franz von Waldeck</a> in 1534. The picture shows the first attack at Pentecost. </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BCnster?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Münster">Münster</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anabaptism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptism</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th> <td class="infobox-data">Communal <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Theocracy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Theocracy">theocratic</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monarchy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monarchy">monarchy</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">King</th> <td class="infobox-data"> </td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> • 1534-1535 </div></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_of_Leiden?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John of Leiden">John of Leiden</a></td> </tr> <tr style="display:none"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Protestant_Reformation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> • Established </div></th> <td class="infobox-data">February 1534</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> • Disestablished </div></th> <td class="infobox-data">June 24, 1535</td> </tr> <tr style="display:none"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"> <div id="before-after"></div><b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Wappen_Bistum_M%C3%BCnster.png/20px-Wappen_Bistum_M%C3%BCnster.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Wappen_Bistum_M%25C3%25BCnster.png/30px-Wappen_Bistum_M%25C3%25BCnster.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Wappen_Bistum_M%25C3%25BCnster.png/40px-Wappen_Bistum_M%25C3%25BCnster.png 2x" data-file-width="343" data-file-height="448"></span></span></td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_M%C3%BCnster?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prince-Bishopric of Münster">Prince-Bishopric of Münster</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_M%C3%BCnster?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prince-Bishopric of Münster">Prince-Bishopric of Münster</a></td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Wappen_Bistum_M%C3%BCnster.png/20px-Wappen_Bistum_M%C3%BCnster.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Wappen_Bistum_M%25C3%25BCnster.png/30px-Wappen_Bistum_M%25C3%25BCnster.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Wappen_Bistum_M%25C3%25BCnster.png/40px-Wappen_Bistum_M%25C3%25BCnster.png 2x" data-file-width="343" data-file-height="448"></span></span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BCnster?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Münster">Münster</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germany?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Captured_Citizens_Brought_Before_an_Anabaptist_Leader.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Captured_Citizens_Brought_Before_an_Anabaptist_Leader.jpg/220px-Captured_Citizens_Brought_Before_an_Anabaptist_Leader.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Captured_Citizens_Brought_Before_an_Anabaptist_Leader.jpg/330px-Captured_Citizens_Brought_Before_an_Anabaptist_Leader.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Captured_Citizens_Brought_Before_an_Anabaptist_Leader.jpg/440px-Captured_Citizens_Brought_Before_an_Anabaptist_Leader.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1051" data-file-height="868"></a> <figcaption> Captured citizens brought before an Anabaptist leader during the Münster rebellion. </figcaption> </figure> <p>The city was under Anabaptist rule from February 1534, when the city hall was seized and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bernhard_Knipperdolling?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bernhard Knipperdolling">Bernhard Knipperdolling</a> installed as mayor, until its fall in June 1535. It was <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Melchior_Hoffman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Melchior Hoffman">Melchior Hoffman</a>, who initiated <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Adult_baptism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Adult baptism">adult baptism</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Strasbourg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a> in 1530, and his line of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eschatology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eschatology">eschatological</a> Anabaptism, that helped lay the foundations for the events of 1534–35 in Münster.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_rebellion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Rebellion"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Rebellion</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_rebellion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Siege"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Siege</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_rebellion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Aftermath"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Aftermath</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_rebellion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Works_of_fiction"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Works of fiction</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_rebellion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_rebellion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Works_cited"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Works cited</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_rebellion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_rebellion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Rebellion">Rebellion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster_rebellion&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Rebellion" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:MuensterHinrichtungTaeufer.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/MuensterHinrichtungTaeufer.jpg/170px-MuensterHinrichtungTaeufer.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="453" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1602" data-file-height="4266"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 453px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/MuensterHinrichtungTaeufer.jpg/170px-MuensterHinrichtungTaeufer.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="453" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/MuensterHinrichtungTaeufer.jpg/255px-MuensterHinrichtungTaeufer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/MuensterHinrichtungTaeufer.jpg/340px-MuensterHinrichtungTaeufer.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Historical drawing of the execution of the leaders of the rebellion. In the background the cages are already in place at the old steeple of St. Lambert's Church. </figcaption> </figure> <p>After the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/German_Peasants%27_War?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="German Peasants' War">German Peasants' War</a> (1524–1525), a forceful attempt to establish theocracy was made at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BCnster?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Münster">Münster</a>, in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Westphalia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Westphalia">Westphalia</a> (1532–1535). Here the Anabaptists had gained considerable influence, through the adhesion of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bernhard_Rothmann?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bernhard Rothmann">Bernhard Rothmann</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lutheran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a> pastor, and several prominent citizens and leaders, including <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jan_Matthys?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jan Matthys">Jan Matthys</a> (also spelled Matthijs, Mathijsz, Matthyssen, Mathyszoon), a baker from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haarlem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haarlem">Haarlem</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_of_Leiden?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John of Leiden">Jan Bockelson</a> (or Beukelszoon), a tailor from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leiden?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leiden">Leiden</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bernhard_Rothmann?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bernhard Rothmann">Bernhard Rothmann</a> was a tireless and vitriolic opponent of Catholicism and a writer of pamphlets that were published by his ally, the wealthy wool merchant <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bernhard_Knipperdolling?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bernhard Knipperdolling">Bernhard Knipperdolling</a>. The pamphlets at first denounced Catholicism from a radical Lutheran perspective, but soon started to proclaim that the Bible called for the absolute equality of man in all matters, including the distribution of wealth. The pamphlets, which were distributed throughout northern Germany, called upon the poor of the region to join the citizens of Münster to share the wealth of the town and benefit spiritually from being <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_elect?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="The elect">the elect</a> of Heaven.</p> <p>With so many Anabaptist adherents in the town, Rothmann and his allies had little difficulty obtaining possession of it at the elections for the magistracy and placing Bernhard Knipperdolling as the mayor, after deposing the mainly Lutheran magistrates, who, until then, had seen him as an ally in their own distrust of, and dislike for, Catholics. Matthys was a follower of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Melchior_Hoffman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Melchior Hoffman">Melchior Hoffman</a>, and after Hoffman's imprisonment at Strasbourg Matthys obtained a considerable following in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Low_Countries?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Low Countries">Low Countries</a>, including Bockelson, who became known as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_of_Leiden?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John of Leiden">John of Leiden</a>. John of Leiden and Gerrit Boekbinder<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_rebellion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had visited Münster, and returned with a report that Bernhard Rothmann was in Münster teaching doctrines similar to their own. Matthys identified Münster as the "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Jerusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Jerusalem">New Jerusalem</a>", and on January 5, 1534, a number of his disciples entered the city and introduced <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Adult_baptism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Adult baptism">adult baptism</a>. Rothmann apparently accepted "<em>re</em>baptism" that day, and well over 1000 adults were soon baptised. Vigorous preparations were made not only to hold what had been gained but to spread their beliefs to other areas. The many Lutherans who left were outnumbered by the arriving Anabaptists. There was an orgy of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iconoclasm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Iconoclasm">iconoclasm</a> in cathedrals and monasteries, and rebaptism became compulsory. The property of emigrants was shared out with the poor, and soon a proclamation was issued that all property was to be held in common.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohn1970262–264_2-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_rebellion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTECohn1970262%E2%80%93264-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Siege">Siege</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster_rebellion&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Siege" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>The city was besieged by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franz_von_Waldeck?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Franz von Waldeck">Franz von Waldeck</a>, its expelled bishop. In April 1534, on <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Easter_Sunday?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Easter Sunday">Easter Sunday</a>, Matthys, who had prophesied God's judgment to come on the wicked on that day, led a procession from the city with twelve followers, as he <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Typology_(theology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Typology (theology)">believed himself</a> the second <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gideon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gideon">Gideon</a>. He and his followers were cut off and taken. Matthys was killed, his head placed on a pole for all in the city to see, and his genitals nailed to the city gate.</p> <p>The 25-year-old John of Leiden was subsequently recognized as Matthys' religious and political successor, justifying his authority and actions by claiming visions from heaven. His authority grew until eventually he proclaimed himself the successor of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/David?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="David">David</a> and adopted royal regalia, honors, and absolute power in the new "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zion">Zion</a>". There were now in the town at least three times as many women of marriageable age as men, so he made <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polygamy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polygamy">polygamy</a> compulsory,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_rebellion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and he himself took sixteen wives. (John is said to have beheaded <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elisabeth_Wandscherer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elisabeth Wandscherer">Elisabeth Wandscherer</a> in the marketplace for refusing to marry him, though this act might have been falsely attributed to him after his death.) Meanwhile, most of the residents of Münster were starving as a result of the year-long siege.</p> <p>After lengthy resistance, the city was taken by the besiegers on June 24, 1535, and John of Leiden and several other prominent Anabaptist leaders were captured and imprisoned. In January 1536, John of Leiden, Bernhard Knipperdolling and one more prominent follower, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bernhard_Krechting?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bernhard Krechting">Bernhard Krechting</a>, were tortured and executed in the marketplace of Münster. Their bodies were exhibited in cages which hung from the steeple of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/St_Lambert%27s_Church,_M%C3%BCnster?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="St Lambert's Church, Münster">St. Lambert's Church</a>. The bones were removed later, but the cages hang there still.</p> <p>According to a contemporary source, about 3,000 people died during the siege.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_rebellion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster_rebellion&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Aftermath" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Muenster_Lamberti_Koerbe_6428.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Muenster_Lamberti_Koerbe_6428.jpg/170px-Muenster_Lamberti_Koerbe_6428.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="3072"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 255px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Muenster_Lamberti_Koerbe_6428.jpg/170px-Muenster_Lamberti_Koerbe_6428.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="255" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Muenster_Lamberti_Koerbe_6428.jpg/255px-Muenster_Lamberti_Koerbe_6428.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Muenster_Lamberti_Koerbe_6428.jpg/340px-Muenster_Lamberti_Koerbe_6428.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Cages of the leaders of the Münster Rebellion at the steeple of St. Lambert's Church. </figcaption> </figure> <p>The Münster Rebellion was a turning point for the Anabaptist movement. It never again had the opportunity of assuming political importance, as both Catholic and Lutheran civil powers adopted stringent measures to counter this. It is difficult to trace the subsequent history of the group as a religious body, through changes in the names used and beliefs held.</p> <p>The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Batenburgers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Batenburgers">Batenburgers</a> under Jan van Batenburg preserved the violent <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Millennialism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Millennialism">millennialist</a> stream of Anabaptism seen at Münster. They were polygamous and believed force was justified against anyone not in their sect. Their movement went underground after the suppression of the Münster Rebellion, with members posing as Catholics or Lutherans as necessary. Some <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nonresistance?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nonresistance">nonresistant</a> Anabaptists found leaders in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Menno_Simons?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Menno Simons">Menno Simons</a> and the brothers <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Obbe_Philips?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Obbe Philips">Obbe</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dirk_Philips?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dirk Philips">Dirk Philips</a>, Dutch Anabaptist leaders who repudiated the distinctive doctrines of the Münster Anabaptists. This group eventually became known as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mennonites?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mennonites">Mennonites</a> after Simons. They rejected any use of violence and preached a faith based on compassion and love of enemy.</p> <p>In August 1536, the leaders of Anabaptist groups influenced by Melchior Hoffman met in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bocholt,_Germany?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bocholt, Germany">Bocholt</a> in an attempt to maintain unity. The meeting included followers of Batenburg, survivors of Münster, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/David_Joris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="David Joris">David Joris</a> and his sympathisers, and the nonresistant Anabaptists.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams1992582_5-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_rebellion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams1992582-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this meeting, the major areas of dispute between the sects were polygamous marriage and the use of force against non-believers. Joris proposed compromise by declaring the time had not yet come to fight against the authorities, and that it would be unwise to kill any non-Anabaptists. The gathered Anabaptists agreed to the compromise of no more force,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams1992583_6-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_rebellion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams1992583-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the meeting did not prevent the fragmentation of Anabaptism.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Works_of_fiction">Works of fiction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster_rebellion&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Works of fiction" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Poster_for_The_Golden_City.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Poster_for_The_Golden_City.jpg/220px-Poster_for_The_Golden_City.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3547" data-file-height="4975"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 309px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Poster_for_The_Golden_City.jpg/220px-Poster_for_The_Golden_City.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="309" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Poster_for_The_Golden_City.jpg/330px-Poster_for_The_Golden_City.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Poster_for_The_Golden_City.jpg/440px-Poster_for_The_Golden_City.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure> <ul> <li><i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Unfortunate_Traveller?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Unfortunate Traveller">The Unfortunate Traveller</a></i> (1594), first English picaresque novel by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thomas_Nashe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thomas Nashe">Thomas Nashe</a>, reflects the cruelty issued by the Emperor and the Duke of Saxony</li> <li><i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A_Tale_of_a_Tub?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="A Tale of a Tub">A Tale of a Tub</a></i> (1704) by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jonathan_Swift?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jonathan Swift">Jonathan Swift</a>. His first major work, brother "Jack" is based on "Jack of Leyden".</li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_proph%C3%A8te?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le prophète">Le prophète</a></i></span> (1849), opera by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giacomo_Meyerbeer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Giacomo Meyerbeer">Giacomo Meyerbeer</a> that highly fictionalizes the rebellion</li> <li><i>The Friends of God</i> (1963) by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peter_Vansittart?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peter Vansittart">Peter Vansittart</a></li> <li><i>The Abyss</i> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/French_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%27%C5%92uvre_au_noir?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="L'Œuvre au noir">L'Œuvre au noir</a></i>) (1968) by Marguerite Yourcenar</li> <li><i>The Golden City</i> (1974), immersive drama written and performed by Strathclyde Theatre Group in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Glasgow_Cathedral?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Glasgow Cathedral">Glasgow Cathedral</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Cathedral,_Edinburgh_(Episcopal)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="St Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh (Episcopal)">St Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh (Episcopal)</a> during the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe">Edinburgh Festival Fringe</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="No article, needs verifying that it exists and that it's about the Münster rebellion (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rules_For_a_Film_about_Anabaptists?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rules For a Film about Anabaptists">Rules For a Film about Anabaptists</a></i> (1976),<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_rebellion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> film by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Georg_Brintrup?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Georg Brintrup">Georg Brintrup</a></li> <li><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Die Wiedertäufer</i></span> (<i>The Anabaptists</i>) (1980), play by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Friedrich_D%C3%BCrrenmatt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Friedrich Dürrenmatt">Friedrich Dürrenmatt</a>, translated by Lauren Friesen as <i>The Anabaptists</i> (unpublished manuscripts in various libraries, including the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Graduate_Theological_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Graduate Theological Union">Graduate Theological Union</a>)</li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">König der letzten Tage</i></span> (<i>King of the Last Days</i>) (1993),<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_rebellion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="IMDb is not a reliable source (May 2024)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> German historical mini-series that portrays the events of the Münster Rebellion</li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/In_Nomine_Dei?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="In Nomine Dei">In Nomine Dei</a></i></span> (<i>In God's Name</i>) (1993), play by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Saramago?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="José Saramago">José Saramago</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Divara_%E2%80%93_Wasser_und_Blut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Divara – Wasser und Blut">Divara – Wasser und Blut</a></i></span> (<i>Divara, Water and Blood</i>) (1993), German-language opera by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Azio_Corghi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Azio Corghi">Azio Corghi</a> to a libretto by the composer after the play by Saramago</li> <li><i>The Garden of Earthly Delights</i> (1994) by Nicholas Salaman, named after <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Garden_of_Earthly_Delights?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Garden of Earthly Delights">the painting by Hieronymus Bosch</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_rebellion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Q_(novel)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Q (novel)">Q</a></i> (1999) by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luther_Blissett_(nom_de_plume)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Luther Blissett (nom de plume)">Luther Blissett</a></li> <li><i>Speak to Her Kindly: A Novel of the Anabaptists</i> (2003) by Jonathan Rainbow<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_rebellion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Perfection</i> (2003) by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anita_Mason?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anita Mason">Anita Mason</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orfeo_(novel)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orfeo (novel)">Orfeo</a></i> (2014), novel by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Richard_Powers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Richard Powers">Richard Powers</a>, whose main character composes an opera retelling the story</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bachvereniging.nl/en/j-s-bach-the-apocalypse">J.S. Bach — Die Apokalypse</a></i> (premiere 2022), the opera that Bach never wrote. An opera using the music of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Johann Sebastian Bach">Johann Sebastian Bach</a> and libretto by Thomas Höst about the Münster rebellion</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster_rebellion&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_rebellion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKlötzer2007" class="citation book cs1">Klötzer, Ralf (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DsYi50ItImHAC%26pg%3DPA222">"Chapter 6: The Melchoirites and Münster"</a>. In Roth, John; Stayer, James (eds.). <i>A Companion to Anabaptism and Spiritualism, 1521–1700</i>. Leiden, The Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV. p. 222. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-15402-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-15402-5"><bdi>978-90-04-15402-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+6%3A+The+Melchoirites+and+M%C3%BCnster&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+Anabaptism+and+Spiritualism%2C+1521%E2%80%931700&rft.place=Leiden%2C+The+Netherlands&rft.pages=222&rft.pub=Koninklijke+Brill+NV&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-90-04-15402-5&rft.aulast=Kl%C3%B6tzer&rft.aufirst=Ralf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsYi50ItImHAC%26pg%3DPA222&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster+rebellion" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECohn1970262–264-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_rebellion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohn1970262%E2%80%93264_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_rebellion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFCohn1970">Cohn 1970</a>, pp. 262–264.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_rebellion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshall2017" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Marshall, Peter (2017). <i>Reformaatio</i> [<i>The Reformation: A Very Short Introduction</i>] (in Finnish). Translated by Kilpeläinen, Tapani. Tampere: niin & näin. p. 123. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-952-7189-11-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-952-7189-11-5"><bdi>978-952-7189-11-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reformaatio&rft.place=Tampere&rft.pages=123&rft.pub=niin+%26+n%C3%A4in&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-952-7189-11-5&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster+rebellion" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_rebellion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stiff, Ursula. 1990. <i>The Anabaptists in Münster.</i> Slide 07, p. 28f. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.westfaelische-geschichte.de/lit308">http://www.westfaelische-geschichte.de/lit308</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams1992582-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_rebellion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams1992582_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_rebellion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFWilliams1992">Williams 1992</a>, p. 582.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams1992583-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_rebellion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams1992583_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_rebellion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFWilliams1992">Williams 1992</a>, p. 583.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_rebellion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708093849/http://www.brintrup.com/PAGES/FILME.PAGES.HTML/08.STEP%2520SPIELREGEL/SPIELREGEL.E.html">"Spielregel für einen Wiedertäuferfilm"</a> [Playing rule for an Anabaptist film] (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.brintrup.com/PAGES/FILME.PAGES.HTML/08.STEP%2520SPIELREGEL/SPIELREGEL.E.html">the original</a> on July 8, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Spielregel+f%C3%BCr+einen+Wiedert%C3%A4uferfilm&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brintrup.com%2FPAGES%2FFILME.PAGES.HTML%2F08.STEP%2520SPIELREGEL%2FSPIELREGEL.E.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster+rebellion" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_rebellion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Toelle, Tom (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0106051/"><i>König der letzten Tage</i></a> [<i>King of the Last Days</i>] (TV-series) (in German). Germany.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=K%C3%B6nig+der+letzten+Tage&rft.place=Germany&rft.date=1993&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0106051%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster+rebellion" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_rebellion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlake1994" class="citation news cs1">Blake, Robin (August 6, 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/book-review-paperbacks-the-garden-of-earthly-delights-by-nicholas-salaman-flamingo-pounds-6-99-1382042.html">"BOOK REVIEW / Paperbacks: The Garden of Earthly Delights by Nicholas Salaman, Flamingo pounds 6.99"</a>. <i>The Independent</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 30,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=BOOK+REVIEW+%2F+Paperbacks%3A+The+Garden+of+Earthly+Delights+by+Nicholas+Salaman%2C+Flamingo+pounds+6.99&rft.date=1994-08-06&rft.aulast=Blake&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Farts-entertainment%2Fbook-review-paperbacks-the-garden-of-earthly-delights-by-nicholas-salaman-flamingo-pounds-6-99-1382042.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster+rebellion" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_rebellion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRainbow2003" class="citation book cs1">Rainbow, Jonathan (2003). <i>Speak to Her Kindly: A Novel of the Anabaptists</i>. Pleasant Word. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57921-590-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/1-57921-590-4"><bdi>1-57921-590-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Speak+to+Her+Kindly%3A+A+Novel+of+the+Anabaptists&rft.pub=Pleasant+Word&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-57921-590-4&rft.aulast=Rainbow&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster+rebellion" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster_rebellion&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Works cited" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style> <div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohn1970" class="citation book cs1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Norman_Cohn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Norman Cohn">Cohn, Norman</a> (1970). <i>The Pursuit of the Millennium</i>. London: Temple Smith (& Paladin).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pursuit+of+the+Millennium&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Temple+Smith+%28%26+Paladin%29&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Cohn&rft.aufirst=Norman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster+rebellion" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1992" class="citation book cs1">Williams, George Hunston (1992). <i>The Radical Reformation</i>. Sixteenth Century Journal Publishers. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-940474-15-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-940474-15-8"><bdi>0-940474-15-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Radical+Reformation&rft.pub=Sixteenth+Century+Journal+Publishers&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-940474-15-8&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=George+Hunston&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster+rebellion" class="Z3988"></span></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster_rebellion&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"> <div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1897/europe/index.htm">Communism in Central Europe in the Time of the Reformation</a></i>, by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karl_Kautsky?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karl Kautsky">Karl Kautsky</a></li> <li><i>The Friends of God</i> (<i>The Siege</i> in the US), by Peter Vansittart</li> <li><i>The Tailor King: The Rise and Fall of the Anabaptist Kingdom of Munster</i>, by Anthony Arthur, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0312205155?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0312205155">0312205155</a></li> <li><i>Bockelson</i>, by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fritz_Reck-Malleczewen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Fritz Reck-Malleczewen">Fritz Reck-Malleczewen</a></li> <li><i>Freaks of Fanaticism and Other Strange Events</i>, by Sabine Baring-Gould, Gutenberg, 1891</li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHam2018" class="citation book cs1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paul_Ham?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paul Ham">Ham, Paul</a> (2018). <i>New Jerusalem: The short life and terrible death of Christendom's most defiant sect</i>. Sydney: Random House Australia. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0143781332?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0143781332"><bdi>978-0143781332</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Jerusalem%3A+The+short+life+and+terrible+death+of+Christendom%27s+most+defiant+sect.&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pub=Random+House+Australia&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0143781332&rft.aulast=Ham&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster+rebellion" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i>Narrative of the Anabaptist Madness: The Overthrow of Münster, the Famous Metropolis of Westphalia (Studies in the History of Christian Traditions; 132)</i>, by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hermann_von_Kerssenbroch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hermann von Kerssenbroch">Hermann von Kerssenbroch</a>. Translated with introduction and notes by Christopher S. Mackay. Brill Academic Publishers, 2007; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004157217?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004157217">978-9004157217</a>.</li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaude2000" class="citation book cs1">Haude, Sigrun (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DwV1OPRm-gmAC"><i>In the Shadow of "Savage Wolves": Anabaptist Münster and the German Reformation During the 1530s (Studies in Central European Histories)</i></a>. Boston: Humanities Press. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0391041002?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0391041002"><bdi>0391041002</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+the+Shadow+of+%22Savage+Wolves%22%3A+Anabaptist+M%C3%BCnster+and+the+German+Reformation+During+the+1530s+%28Studies+in+Central+European+Histories%29&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Humanities+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0391041002&rft.aulast=Haude&rft.aufirst=Sigrun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwV1OPRm-gmAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster+rebellion" class="Z3988"></span></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster_rebellion&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"> Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:M%25C3%25BCnster_Rebellion" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Münster Rebellion">Münster Rebellion</a></span>. </div> </div> </div> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.anabaptistnetwork.com/article/zurich-seedbed-of-radical-change/">Zürich: Seedbed of Radical Change</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320165905/http://www.anabaptistnetwork.com/article/zurich-seedbed-of-radical-change/">Archived</a> 2018-03-20 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> offers a more in depth look at attempts to rehabilitate the Anabaptist label after Münster</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.lwl.org/westfaelische-geschichte/portal/Internet/ku.php?tab%3Dque%26ID%3D1363">"Der wedderdoeper eidt" / oath of the Münster Anabaptists</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/M850.html">Münster Anabaptists</a> in the Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.twofistedhistory.com/blog/post/german-zion-the-anabaptist-rebellion-at-munster">"German Zion: The Anabaptist Rebellion at Munster"</a>, Historical article about the Revolt.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00nkqrv">BBC Radio 4. In Our Time: The Siege of Münster.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.dancarlin.com/product/hardcore-history-48-prophets-of-doom/">"Hardcore History 48"</a> Dan Carlin's podcast which addresses the subject of The Münster Rebellion.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.abc.net.au/radio/programs/conversations/paul-ham-2018/10490602">Conversations – ABC Radio: The blood-soaked history of the Münster Anabaptists</a></li> </ul> <div class="navbox-styles"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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</div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D1%258E%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC%25D1%2583%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0" title="Мюнстерска комуна – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мюнстерска комуна" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolta_de_M%25C3%25BCnster" title="Revolta de Münster – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Revolta de Münster" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obsazen%25C3%25AD_M%25C3%25BCnsteru" title="Obsazení Münsteru – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Obsazení Münsteru" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%25C3%25BCnster-opr%25C3%25B8ret" title="Münster-oprøret – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Münster-oprøret" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C3%25A4uferreich_von_M%25C3%25BCnster" title="Täuferreich von Münster – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Täuferreich von Münster" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebeli%25C3%25B3n_de_M%25C3%25BCnster" title="Rebelión de Münster – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rebelión de Münster" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%25C3%25BCnsterreko_matxinada" title="Münsterreko matxinada – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Münsterreko matxinada" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%25C3%25A9volte_de_M%25C3%25BCnster" title="Révolte de Münster – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Révolte de Münster" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EB%25AE%258C%25EC%258A%25A4%25ED%2584%25B0_%25EB%25B0%2598%25EB%259E%2580" title="뮌스터 반란 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="뮌스터 반란" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2584%25D5%25B5%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25B6%25D5%25BD%25D5%25BF%25D5%25A5%25D6%2580%25D5%25B5%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6_%25D5%25AF%25D5%25B8%25D5%25B4%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25B6%25D5%25A1" title="Մյունստերյան կոմունա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մյունստերյան կոմունա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemberontakan_M%25C3%25BCnster" title="Pemberontakan Münster – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pemberontakan Münster" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D1%258E%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580_%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BC%25D1%2583%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%258B" title="Мюнстер коммунасы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мюнстер коммунасы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miunsterio_sukilimas" title="Miunsterio sukilimas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Miunsterio sukilimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabaptistische_opstand_in_M%25C3%25BCnster" title="Anabaptistische opstand in Münster – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Anabaptistische opstand in Münster" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2583%259F%25E3%2583%25A5%25E3%2583%25B3%25E3%2582%25B9%25E3%2582%25BF%25E3%2583%25BC%25E3%2581%25AE%25E5%258F%258D%25E4%25B9%25B1" title="ミュンスターの反乱 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ミュンスターの反乱" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komuna_anabaptyst%25C3%25B3w_w_M%25C3%25BCnsterze" title="Komuna anabaptystów w Münsterze – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Komuna anabaptystów w Münsterze" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebeli%25C3%25A3o_de_M%25C3%25BCnster" title="Rebelião de Münster – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rebelião de Münster" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolta_din_M%25C3%25BCnster" title="Revolta din Münster – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Revolta din Münster" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D1%258E%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BC%25D1%2583%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0" title="Мюнстерская коммуна – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мюнстерская коммуна" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%25C3%25BCnster_Ayaklanmas%25C4%25B1" title="Münster Ayaklanması – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Münster Ayaklanması" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%2598%258E%25E6%2596%25AF%25E7%2589%25B9%25E5%2585%25AC%25E7%25A4%25BE" title="明斯特公社 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="明斯特公社" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">This page was last edited on 31 October 2024, at 23:06<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 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