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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Former security agency in Egypt</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size: 125%;">State Security Investigations Service (SSIS)</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><b><span title="Egyptian Arabic-language text"><span lang="arz" dir="rtl">مباحث أمن الدولة</span></span></b></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Agency overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">1913<br />1954</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dissolved</th><td class="infobox-data">2011</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Superseding agency</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Homeland_Security_(Egypt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeland Security (Egypt)">Homeland Security (Egypt)</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jurisdiction</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Egypt">Government of Egypt</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Agency executive</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;">Hisham Abdel Fattah Mahmoud Ghida, director</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent agency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Interior_(Egypt)" title="Ministry of Interior (Egypt)">Ministry of Interior</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>State Security Investigations Service</b> (<a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian Arabic language">Egyptian Arabic</a>: <span lang="arz" dir="rtl">مباحث أمن الدولة</span> <span title="Egyptian Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="arz-Latn"><i>Mabahith Amn El Dawla</i></i></span>) was the highest national internal security authority in <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>. Estimated to employ 100,000 personnel, the SSI was the main security and intelligence apparatus of Egypt's <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Interior_(Egypt)" title="Ministry of Interior (Egypt)">Ministry of Interior</a>. The SSIS focused on monitoring underground networks of radical Islamists and probably planted agents in those organizations<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and had the role of controlling opposition groups, both armed groups and those engaged in peaceful opposition to the government.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been described as "detested"<sup id="cite_ref-WALSH-nyt-8-17_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WALSH-nyt-8-17-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "widely hated".<sup id="cite_ref-Washingtonpost_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Washingtonpost-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/2011_Egyptian_revolution" title="2011 Egyptian revolution">2011 Egyptian revolution</a>, the head of the SSI was arrested under suspicion of ordering the killings of demonstrators. On March 15, 2011, the Ministry of the Interior announced the dissolution of the agency. The service was replaced by (or renamed) the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Homeland_Security" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian Homeland Security">Egyptian Homeland Security</a> after the <a href="/wiki/2013_Egyptian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2013 Egyptian coup d'état">2013 Egyptian coup d'état</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WALSH-nyt-8-17_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WALSH-nyt-8-17-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Security_Investigations_Service&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Originally formed during the colonial era in 1913 as the Intelligence wing of the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_National_Police" title="Egyptian National Police">National Police</a>, the service was reformed and reorganized following the 1952 <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_revolution_of_1952" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian revolution of 1952">coup d'état </a> to suit the security concerns of the new socialist regime. The State Security apparatus was made a separate branch of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Interior_(Egypt)" title="Ministry of Interior (Egypt)">Interior Ministry</a>, separate from the regular Police command, and was focused intensively on political threats to the State's security, particularly those emanating from communist, socialist, and Islamist opposition sources. The State Security was made independent of the Police Command and given legal powers of arrest, detention, and prosecution. Separate State Security Courts were set up to prosecute detainees arrested by the SSIS, separately from the regular prosecution judiciary. The first Chief of the SSIS was the Police <a href="/wiki/Brigadier" title="Brigadier">Brigadier</a> Ayman Mahfoud, an ex-Army officer who had become a Police officer and a part of the <a href="/wiki/Free_Officers_Movement_(Egypt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Officers Movement (Egypt)">Free Officers' Movement</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a>. </p><p>After 1954–55, when relations between <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> drastically improved, the SSIS was intensively trained by the <a href="/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">Soviet State Security apparatus</a> on political suppression, infiltration, public surveillance, public intimidation, and <a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">coercive interrogation</a>. These newly learned techniques were often used against suspects of the <a href="/wiki/Lavon_Affair" title="Lavon Affair">Lavon Affair</a>. State Security officers were sent to the Soviet Union to undergo training under the <a href="/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a>. During the Nasser era, the State Security apparatus often harassed <a href="/wiki/Jews_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Jews of Egypt">Egypt's Jewish community</a>. Jewish properties were infiltrated by State Security agents during mid-night and thousands of Jews in Egypt were arrested and tortured by the agency, many were also subjected to sexual abuse and some Jewish women were raped. Jewish neighborhoods across Egypt were also under mass surveillance from the State Security. The State Security was at times successful in catching Egyptian and Israeli Jews whom were spies for Israel and the agency managed to interrogate them using methods of torture to gather important information that helped decrease cases of spying. After 1963, Egyptian State Security officers were sent to <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baathist_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Baathist Iraq">Iraq</a> to train the newly formed state security agencies of the Baathist and nationalist regimes of those countries. In the 1960s, the SSIS forged new ties with the <a href="/wiki/Stasi" title="Stasi">State Security apparatus of East Germany</a>, which took SSIS competence against political subversion to an extremely competent level. Recruits were carefully screened and selected on the basis of political reliability, and practicing Muslims were virtually barred during the Nasser era. Officers were mostly recruited from the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Armed_Forces" title="Egyptian Armed Forces">military</a> and the regular <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Egypt">Police</a>, who had proven their political reliability. Candidates had to be recommended by loyal Police officers and serving State Security officers. During the <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat">Sadat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak" title="Hosni Mubarak">Mubarak</a> eras, the agency continued its focus on radical Islamists but eased up on the suppression of the <a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Egypt" title="Liberalism in Egypt">Liberal</a> opposition. The SSIS excelled in planting moles and infiltrators within Islamist groups, a practice that would later be carried out with ruthless efficiency by the agency's trainees in Algeria and Syria. <a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">Torture</a> was rampantly used during interrogation. Detainees were regularly beaten to death, and sexual penetration was used as a form of torture against Islamist detainees. The agency came to be regarded as professionally competent and capable by Western counter-terror agencies.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Torture">Torture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Security_Investigations_Service&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Torture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a report in 2002, the United Nations Committee against Torture expressed "particular concern at the widespread evidence of torture and ill-treatment in administrative premises under the control of the State Security Investigation Department, the infliction of which is reported to be facilitated by the lack of any mandatory inspection by an independent body of such premises."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> reported that "Egyptian authorities have a longstanding and well-documented record of engaging in arbitrary arrests, incommunicado detention, and torture and other ill-treatment of detainees," and that the SSI has in particular committed acts of torture and denied detainees fundamental human rights.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A US diplomatic cable reported that <a href="/wiki/Police_brutality" title="Police brutality">police brutality</a> and torture are "routine and pervasive". The cable also reported that the security services functioned as "instruments of power that serve and protect the regime".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Both Egyptian and international human rights groups, as well as the United Nations Committee Against Torture, have documented widespread use of torture by the SSI, with Human Rights Watch singling out the SSI in what it called a "pervasive culture of impunity" with regard to torture. It's been alleged that during the War on Terror, the United States used to send terrorists to the State Security in Egypt for interrogation that included methods of torture. It's also been alleged that several Egyptian State Security agents have travelled to Cuba during the Mubarak era to torture detainees at the Guantanamo Bay and trained U.S. soldiers on torturing techniques against detainees.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Involvement_in_extraordinary_rendition">Involvement in extraordinary rendition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Security_Investigations_Service&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Involvement in extraordinary rendition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Italian authorities investigating the <a href="/wiki/Extraordinary_rendition" title="Extraordinary rendition">illegal abduction</a> of Egyptian-born <a href="/wiki/Imam_Rapito_affair" class="mw-redirect" title="Imam Rapito affair">cleric</a> <a href="/wiki/Hassan_Mustafa_Osama_Nasr" title="Hassan Mustafa Osama Nasr">Hassan Mustafa Osama Nasr</a>, also known as Abu Omar, from the streets of <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a> on February 17, 2003 have said that his final disposition, after a flight from Aviano to Ramstein and then from Ramstein to Alexandria, was into the hands of the SSI. At least one of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a> officials named in the indictment, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Seldon_Lady" title="Robert Seldon Lady">Robert Seldon Lady</a>, is said to have accompanied Omar to Egypt, and to have spent two weeks in Cairo assisting in Omar's interrogation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2011_revolution_and_after">2011 revolution and after</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Security_Investigations_Service&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 2011 revolution and after"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_-_Storming_State_Security_-_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_-_Storming_State_Security_-_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9.jpg/220px-%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_-_Storming_State_Security_-_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_-_Storming_State_Security_-_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9.jpg/330px-%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_-_Storming_State_Security_-_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_-_Storming_State_Security_-_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9.jpg/440px-%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_-_Storming_State_Security_-_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Storming State Security building, 2011</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shreaded_paper_in_Egypt%27s_SS_HQ.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Shreaded_paper_in_Egypt%27s_SS_HQ.jpg/220px-Shreaded_paper_in_Egypt%27s_SS_HQ.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Shreaded_paper_in_Egypt%27s_SS_HQ.jpg/330px-Shreaded_paper_in_Egypt%27s_SS_HQ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Shreaded_paper_in_Egypt%27s_SS_HQ.jpg/440px-Shreaded_paper_in_Egypt%27s_SS_HQ.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Shredded documents found inside State Security Investigations Service</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2011_Egyptian_revolution" title="2011 Egyptian revolution">2011 Egyptian revolution</a></div> <p>One of the major demands of protesters during the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Revolution_of_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian Revolution of 2011">Egyptian revolution</a> was the abolition of the State Security Investigations.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the 25th of January 2011 Revolution, on the 4th & 5 March 2011, several SSI buildings were raided across Egypt by protesters. Protesters state they raided in the buildings to secure documents they believed to show various crimes committed by the SSI against the people of Egypt during Mubarak's rule.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the night of 5 March in Cairo, "the sight of a dump truck emerging from the Cairo compound laden with shredded paper sent protesters into a fury, creating the momentum that drove the crowd past the army soldiers outside and into the hastily abandoned main building."<sup id="cite_ref-NYT01_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT01-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most notably at the <a href="/wiki/Nasr_City" title="Nasr City">Nasr City</a> HQ in Cairo were many acquired documents which seemed to prove <a href="/wiki/Mass_surveillance" title="Mass surveillance">mass surveillance</a> of citizens as well as torturing tools and secret cells. Protesters broke into the building in <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a> on March 4, after clashing with security forces, and on March 5 others entered the headquarters in the central city of <a href="/wiki/Assiut" class="mw-redirect" title="Assiut">Assiut</a>. In Cairo, another building breached was in <a href="/wiki/6th_of_October_City" class="mw-redirect" title="6th of October City">6th of October City</a>, where "some of the most incriminating documents have already been destroyed."<sup id="cite_ref-AlJ01_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AlJ01-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/McClatchy_Newspapers" class="mw-redirect" title="McClatchy Newspapers">McClatchy Newspapers</a> reported that, when there was much uncertainty about the validity of documents which emerged, "[p]erhaps the most controversial document to ricochet around Internet message boards was one that purport[ed] to lay out State Security's involvement in [the] <a href="/wiki/2011_Alexandria_bombing" title="2011 Alexandria bombing">deadly church bombing</a> on New Year's Day in the port city of Alexandria. ... The legitimacy of the document hasn't been determined, but its distribution touched off protests Sunday in Cairo by hundreds of Coptic Christians."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other documents uncovered included names of judges involved in fixing elections and those of a small number of Egyptians who were informants. The publishing of these names posed a moral dilemma for some of the protesters, balancing the danger the informants would be put under against anger at having been spied on.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT01_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT01-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 15 March 2011, SSIS was dissolved by Interior Minister <a href="/wiki/Mansour_el-Essawy" title="Mansour el-Essawy">Mansour el-Essawy</a> in response to the revelations of the previous weeks. He also announced plans for the establishment of a new "National Security Sector" to take over SSIS's counter-terrorism and other domestic-security responsibilities.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCdissolution_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCdissolution-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Officials from the service complained that during Mohamed Morsi's year in office, the Muslim Brotherhood had access to its files and created security breaches. Due to its efforts of bringing back the security during the Islamist unrest, the agency has gained much of the previous agency's lost respect in <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> according to Sarah El Deeb of the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Washingtonpost_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Washingtonpost-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Security_Investigations_Service&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Underground_prison_cell_in_Egyptian_SS_HQ.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Underground_prison_cell_in_Egyptian_SS_HQ.jpg/220px-Underground_prison_cell_in_Egyptian_SS_HQ.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Underground_prison_cell_in_Egyptian_SS_HQ.jpg/330px-Underground_prison_cell_in_Egyptian_SS_HQ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Underground_prison_cell_in_Egyptian_SS_HQ.jpg/440px-Underground_prison_cell_in_Egyptian_SS_HQ.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>An underground cell in State Security Investigations Service</figcaption></figure> <p>The SSI was a branch of the Interior Ministry in Egypt with an official aim of protecting the security of Egypt. The SSI had many official bureaus that provide its public face: an "Investigative Bureau" in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lazoghli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lazoghli (page does not exist)">Lazoghli</a> section of <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a "Supreme State Security Court" in <a href="/wiki/Giza" title="Giza">Giza</a>, a "Supreme State Security Prosecution" (<i>Niyabat Amn al-Dawl a al-'Ulya</i>), etc. A diplomatic cable sent in 2007 published by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i> as part of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_diplomatic_cables_leak" title="United States diplomatic cables leak">leak of classified US diplomatic cables</a> discussed what the then SSI head called the "excellent and strong" cooperation between the SSI and the United States <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</a>. The cable also discussed the benefit the SSI derived from training opportunities at the FBI's Quantico, Virginia headquarters.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_personnel">Notable personnel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Security_Investigations_Service&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notable personnel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Major General Ra'uf Khayrat, an assistant director of SSI. 9 April 1994 he was killed in front of his home by a <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a> terrorist group. A former leader of <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a> <a href="/wiki/Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Ayman al-Zawahiri">Ayman al-Zawahiri</a> mentioned this killing: "Ra'uf Khayrat was one of the most dangerous officers in the State Security Intelligence Department who fought the fundamentalists. He adopted several strict security precautions, such as changing his residence every few months, keeping his home unguarded, and driving his car personally to look like he was an ordinary person with no connection to the authority. However, the Islamic Group colleagues managed to reach him. As he was emerging from his home and about to get into his car, one of the brother mujahidin approached him and threw a bomb inside his car, and he was killed instantly".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A trial about the case of the <a href="/wiki/Returnees_from_Albania" title="Returnees from Albania">Returnees from Albania</a> in 1999 became the largest one since the assassination of <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat">Anwar Sadat</a>. </p><p>On November 23, 1985, <a href="/wiki/EgyptAir_Flight_648" title="EgyptAir Flight 648">EgyptAir Flight 648</a> was hijacked by three <a href="/wiki/Abu_Nidal" title="Abu Nidal">Abu Nidal</a> terrorists. When the hijackers started collecting passports, agent Methad Mustafa Kamal opened fire, killing one hijacker instantly and engaging in a gun battle with the second hijacker. Kamal was wounded by the third and lead hijacker, <a href="/wiki/Omar_Rezaq" title="Omar Rezaq">Omar Rezaq</a>, who came out of the cockpit, Kamal was later taken off the plane, he survived the encounter.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Security_Investigations_Service&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/32px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/48px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/64px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Egypt" title="Portal:Egypt">Egypt portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saad_Eddin_Ibrahim" title="Saad Eddin Ibrahim">Saad Eddin Ibrahim</a>, academic subject to SSI investigation</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Security_Investigations_Service&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon 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.citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/irp/world/egypt/index.html">"Egypt - Intelligence"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Egypt+-+Intelligence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Firp%2Fworld%2Fegypt%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+Security+Investigations+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMagnarella1999">Magnarella 1999</a>, p. 108</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSifton2007">Sifton 2007</a>, p. 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WALSH-nyt-8-17-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WALSH-nyt-8-17_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WALSH-nyt-8-17_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWALSH2017" class="citation news cs1">WALSH, DECLAN (15 August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/15/magazine/giulio-regeni-italian-graduate-student-tortured-murdered-egypt.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fworld&action=click&contentCollection=world&region=rank&module=package&version=highlights&contentPlacement=7&pgtype=sectionfront">"Why Was an Italian Graduate Student Tortured and Murdered in Egypt?"</a>. New York Times<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Associated Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hotline+marks+return+of+Egypt%27s+security+agency&rft.date=2014-01-06&rft.aulast=El+Deeb&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Farticles%2F2014%2F01%2F06%2Fhotlines-mark-return-of-egypts-security-agencies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+Security+Investigations+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/%28Symbol%29/CAT.C.CR.29.4.En?Opendocument">Conclusions and recommendations of the Committee against Torture : Egypt</a> United Nations Committee against Torture. 23 December 2002</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSifton2007">Sifton 2007</a>, pp. 12–13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/us-embassy-cables-documents/187359">US embassy cables: Police brutality in Egypt</a> <i>The Guardian</i>. 28 January 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKelloggel-Hamalawy2005">Kellogg & el-Hamalawy 2005</a>, p. 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHassa,_Amro2011" class="citation web cs1">Hassa, Amro (5 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/babylonbeyond/2011/03/egypt-thousands-of-protesters-storm-into-state-security-headquarters.html">"EGYPT: Thousands of protesters storm into state security headquarters"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Middle_East_Center_(CMEC)" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnegie Middle East Center (CMEC)">Carnegie Middle East Center</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Al Jazeera.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+first+step+towards+prosecutions%3F&rft.date=2011-03-06&rft.aulast=Carlstrom&rft.aufirst=Gregg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.aljazeera.net%2Findepth%2Fspotlight%2Fanger-in-egypt%2F2011%2F03%2F2011368410372200.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+Security+Investigations+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllam,_HannahMohannad_Sabry2011" class="citation web cs1">Allam, Hannah & Mohannad Sabry (7 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2011/03/07/109966/egypt-faces-new-turmoil-looted.html#ixzz1GB3V4KOB">"Egypt faces new turmoil: Looted state security files"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Egypt%3A+Whereabouts+of+17+prisoners+leaked+by+released+prisoners&rft.pub=Alkarama+for+Human+Rights&rft.date=2009-05-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.alkarama.org%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26catid%3D22%3Acommuniqu%26id%3D234%3Aegypt-whereabouts-of-17-people-held-incommunicado-between-1992-and-1997-leaked-by-released&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+Security+Investigations+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/wikileaks-files/8314530/FBI-DEPUTY-DIRECTOR-MEETS-WITH-HEAD-OF-STATE-SECURITY.html">FBI DEPUTY DIRECTOR MEETS WITH HEAD OF STATE SECURITY</a> <i>The Telegraph</i>, 9 February 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ayman Al-Zawahiri Knights under the Prophet's Banner. London. Al-Sharq al-Awsat</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.newdominion.com/2012/03/03/interpol-investigates-terror-in-the-skies.html">http://www.newdominion.com/2012/03/03/interpol-investigates-terror-in-the-skies.html</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160504033841/http://www.newdominion.com/2012/03/03/interpol-investigates-terror-in-the-skies.html">Archived</a> 2016-05-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Interpol Investigates - Terror in the Skies</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Security_Investigations_Service&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelloggel-Hamalawy2005" class="citation cs2">Kellogg, Tom; el-Hamalawy, Hossam (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/egypt0505.pdf"><i>Black Hole: The Fate of Islamists Rendered to Egypt</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Black+Hole%3A+The+Fate+of+Islamists+Rendered+to+Egypt&rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Kellogg&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft.au=el-Hamalawy%2C+Hossam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Freports%2Fegypt0505.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+Security+Investigations+Service" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagnarella1999" class="citation cs2">Magnarella, Paul, ed. (1999), <i>Middle East and North Africa: governance, democratization, human rights; Contemporary perspectives on developing societies</i>, Ashgate, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84014-913-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84014-913-5"><bdi>978-1-84014-913-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Middle+East+and+North+Africa%3A+governance%2C+democratization%2C+human+rights%3B+Contemporary+perspectives+on+developing+societies&rft.pub=Ashgate&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-84014-913-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+Security+Investigations+Service" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSifton2007" class="citation cs2">Sifton, John (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/egypt1207web.pdf"><i>Anatomy of a State Security Case: The "Victorious Sect" Arrests</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, Human Rights Watch</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anatomy+of+a+State+Security+Case%3A+The+%22Victorious+Sect%22+Arrests&rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Sifton&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Freports%2Fegypt1207web.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+Security+Investigations+Service" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Security_Investigations_Service&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://diplomatictraffic.com/opinions_archives.asp?ID=113">http://diplomatictraffic.com/opinions_archives.asp?ID=113</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://25leaks.com/documents">State Security Investigations Service leaks</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://web.amnesty.org/report2003/egy-summary-eng">http://web.amnesty.org/report2003/egy-summary-eng</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://web2.amnesty.org/library/Index/engMDE120111997">http://web2.amnesty.org/library/Index/engMDE120111997</a></li> <li>Fausto Giudice, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tlaxcala.es/pp.asp?lg=fr&reference=238">«Extraordinary Rendition» - À la recherche de Mister Bob et des 18 salopards</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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