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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Galician-Portuguese lyric</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADrica_galaicoportuguesa" title="Lírica galaicoportuguesa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lírica galaicoportuguesa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galeg-portugala_liriko" title="Galeg-portugala liriko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Galeg-portugala liriko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trobadorismo" title="Trobadorismo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Trobadorismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lirica_galiziano-portoghese" title="Lirica galiziano-portoghese – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lirica galiziano-portoghese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galisisk-portugisisk_poesi" title="Galisisk-portugisisk poesi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Galisisk-portugisisk poesi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trovadorismo" title="Trovadorismo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Trovadorismo" data-language-autonym="Português" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">list of references</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Further_reading" title="Wikipedia:Further reading">related reading</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a>, <b>but its sources remain unclear because it lacks <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fact_and_Reference_Check" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Lyric and poetic movement</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Symphonia_Cantigas_Sta_Mar%C3%ADa_160.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Symphonia_Cantigas_Sta_Mar%C3%ADa_160.jpg/220px-Symphonia_Cantigas_Sta_Mar%C3%ADa_160.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Symphonia_Cantigas_Sta_Mar%C3%ADa_160.jpg/330px-Symphonia_Cantigas_Sta_Mar%C3%ADa_160.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Symphonia_Cantigas_Sta_Mar%C3%ADa_160.jpg/440px-Symphonia_Cantigas_Sta_Mar%C3%ADa_160.jpg 2x" data-file-width="820" data-file-height="932" /></a><figcaption>Symphonia de Cantiga from the <i>Cantigas de Santa Maria</i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Martim_Codax_Cantigas_de_Amigo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Martim_Codax_Cantigas_de_Amigo.jpg/220px-Martim_Codax_Cantigas_de_Amigo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Martim_Codax_Cantigas_de_Amigo.jpg/330px-Martim_Codax_Cantigas_de_Amigo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Martim_Codax_Cantigas_de_Amigo.jpg/440px-Martim_Codax_Cantigas_de_Amigo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1559" data-file-height="1130" /></a><figcaption>A song of <a href="/wiki/Martim_Codax" class="mw-redirect" title="Martim Codax">Martim Codax</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Pergaminho_Vindel" class="mw-redirect" title="Pergaminho Vindel">Pergaminho Vindel</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, the <b>Galician-Portuguese lyric</b>, also known as <i><b>trovadorismo</b></i> in <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> and <i><b>trobadorismo</b></i> in <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a>, was a <a href="/wiki/Lyric_poetry" title="Lyric poetry">lyric poetic</a> school or movement. All told, there are around 1680 texts in the so-called secular lyric or <i>lírica profana</i> (see <a href="/wiki/Cantigas_de_Santa_Maria" title="Cantigas de Santa Maria">Cantigas de Santa Maria</a> for the religious lyric). At the time <a href="/wiki/Galician-Portuguese" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician-Portuguese">Galician-Portuguese</a> was the language used in nearly all of <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberia</a> for lyric (as opposed to epic) poetry. From this language derives both modern <a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>. The school, which was influenced to some extent (mainly in certain formal aspects) by the <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a> <a href="/wiki/Troubadour" title="Troubadour">troubadours</a>, is first documented at the end of the twelfth century and lasted until the middle of the fourteenth, with its zenith coming in the middle of the thirteenth century, centered on the person of <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfonso X">Alfonso X</a>, <i>The Wise King</i>. It is the earliest known poetic movement in Galicia or Portugal and represents not only the beginnings of but one of the high points of poetic history in both countries and in Medieval Europe. Modern Galicia has seen a revival movement called <i>neotrobadorismo</i>. </p><p>The earliest extant composition in this school is usually agreed to be <i>Ora faz ost' o senhor de Navarra</i> by <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Soares_de_Paiva" title="João Soares de Paiva">João Soares de Paiva</a>, usually dated just before or after 1200. Traditionally, the end of the period of active <i>trovadorismo</i> is given as 1350, the date of the testament of D. Pedro, <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Barcelos" title="Count of Barcelos">Count of Barcelos</a> (natural son of <a href="/wiki/King_Dinis_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="King Dinis of Portugal">King Dinis of Portugal</a>), who left a <i>Livro de Cantigas</i> (songbook) to his nephew, <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XI_of_Castile" title="Alfonso XI of Castile">Alfonso XI of Castile</a>. </p><p>The troubadours of the movement, not to be confused with the Occitan troubadours (who frequented courts in nearby <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Kingdom of León">León</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Kingdom of Castile">Castile</a>), wrote almost entirely <i><a href="/wiki/Cantiga" title="Cantiga">cantigas</a></i> (although there were several kinds of <i>cantiga</i>) with, apparently, <a href="/wiki/Monophony" title="Monophony">monophonic</a> melodies (only fourteen melodies have survived, in the <i><a href="/wiki/Pergaminho_Vindel" class="mw-redirect" title="Pergaminho Vindel">Pergaminho Vindel</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Pergaminho_Sharrer" title="Pergaminho Sharrer">Pergaminho Sharrer</a></i>, the latter badly damaged during restoration by Portuguese authorities). Their poetry was meant to be sung, but they emphatically distinguished themselves from the <i><a href="/wiki/Jongleur" class="mw-redirect" title="Jongleur">jograes</a></i> who in principle sang, but did not compose (though there is much evidence to contradict this). It is not clear if troubadours performed their own work. </p><p>Beginning probably around the middle of the thirteenth century, the songs, known as <i>cantares</i>, <i>cantigas</i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Trova" title="Trova">trovas</a></i>, began to be compiled in collections known as <i>cancioneiros</i> (songbooks). Three such anthologies are known: the <i><a href="/wiki/Cancioneiro_da_Ajuda" title="Cancioneiro da Ajuda">Cancioneiro da Ajuda</a></i>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Cancioneiro_Colocci-Brancuti" class="mw-redirect" title="Cancioneiro Colocci-Brancuti">Cancioneiro Colocci-Brancuti</a></i> (or <i>Cancioneiro da Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa</i>), and the <i><a href="/wiki/Cancioneiro_da_Vaticana" title="Cancioneiro da Vaticana">Cancioneiro da Vaticana</a></i>. In addition to these there is the priceless collection of over 400 Galician-Portuguese <i>cantigas</i> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Cantigas_de_Santa_Maria" title="Cantigas de Santa Maria">Cantigas de Santa Maria</a></i>, which tradition attributes to Alfonso X, in whose court (as nearly everywhere in the Peninsula) Galician-Portuguese was the <i>only</i> language for lyric poetry (except for visiting Occitan poets). </p><p>The Galician-Portuguese cantigas can be divided into three basic genres: male-voiced love poetry, called <i><a href="/wiki/Cantiga_de_amor" title="Cantiga de amor">cantigas de amor</a></i> (or <i>cantigas d'amor</i>) female-voiced love poetry, called <i><a href="/wiki/Cantiga_de_amigo" title="Cantiga de amigo">cantigas de amigo</a></i> (<i>cantigas d'amigo</i>); and poetry of insult and mockery called <a href="/wiki/Cantigas_de_esc%C3%A1rnio_e_maldizer" title="Cantigas de escárnio e maldizer"><i>cantigas d'escarnho e de mal dizer</i></a>. All three are lyric genres in the technical sense that they were strophic songs with either musical accompaniment or introduction on a stringed instrument. But all three genres also have dramatic elements, leading early scholars to characterize them as lyric-dramatic. </p><p>The origins of the <i>cantigas d'amor</i> are usually traced to Provençal and Old French lyric poetry, but formally and rhetorically they are quite different. The <i>cantigas d'amigo</i> are probably rooted in a native song tradition (Lang, 1894, Michaëlis 1904), though this view has been contested. The <i>cantigas d'escarnho e maldizer</i> may also (according to Lang) have deep local roots. The latter two genres (totalling around 900 texts) make the Galician-Portuguese lyric unique in the entire panorama of medieval Romance poetry. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Main_manuscripts_of_the_secular_Galician-Portuguese_lyric">Main manuscripts of the secular Galician-Portuguese lyric</h3></div> <ul><li>A = "Cancioneiro da Ajuda", Biblioteca do Palácio Real da Ajuda (Lisbon).</li> <li>B = Biblioteca Nacional (Lisbon), cod. 10991.</li> <li>N = Pierpont Morgan Library (New York), MS 979 (= PV).</li> <li>S = Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo, Capa do Cart. Not. de Lisboa, N.º 7-A, Caixa 1, Maço 1, Livro 3 (see Sharrer 1991).</li> <li>V = Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, cod. lat. 4803.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basic_bibliography">Basic bibliography</h3></div> <ul><li>Asensio, Eugenio. 1970. <i>Poética e realidad en el cancionero peninsular de la Edad Media</i>. 2nd ed. Madrid: Gredos.</li> <li>Cohen, Rip. 2003. <i>500 Cantigas d’Amigo,</i> edição crítica/critical edition. Porto: Campo das Letras. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://jscholarship.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/33843">https://jscholarship.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/33843</a></li> <li>Ferreira, Manuel Pedro. 1986. <i>O Som de Martin Codax. Sobre a dimensão musical da lírica galego-portuguesa (séculos XII-XIV</i>). Lisbon: UNISYS/ Imprensa Nacional - Casa de Moeda.</li> <li>Ferreira, Manuel Pedro. 2005. <i>Cantus Coronatus: 7 Cantigas d’El Rei Dom Dinis</i>. Kassel: Reichenberger.</li> <li>Lanciani, Giulia and Giuseppe Tavani (edd.). 1993. <i>Dicionário da Literatura Medieval Galega e Portuguesa</i>. Lisbon: Caminho.</li> <li>Lanciani, Giulia, and Giuseppe Tavani. 1998. <i>A cantiga de escarnho e maldizer</i>, tr. Manuel G. Simões. Lisbon: Edições Colibri.</li> <li>Lang, Henry R. 1894. <i>Das Liederbuch des Königs Denis von Portugal</i>, zum ersten mal vollständig herausgegeben und mit Einleitung, Anmerkungen und Glossar versehen. Halle a.S.: Max Niemeyer (rpt. Hildesheim - New York: Georg Olms Verlag, 1972).</li> <li>Lang, Henry R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2918189">"The Relations of the Earliest Portuguese Lyric School with the Troubadours and Trouvères."</a> <i>Modern Language Notes</i>, Vol. 10, No. 4. (Apr., 1895), pp. 104–116.</li> <li>Lapa, Manuel Rodrigues. 1970. <i>Cantigas d’escarnho e de mal dizer dos cancioneiros medievais galego-portugueses</i>, edição crítica. 2nd ed. Vigo: Editorial Galaxia.</li> <li>Mettmann, Walter. 1959-72. <i>Afonso X, o Sabio. Cantigas de Santa Maria</i>. 4 vols. Coimbra: Por ordem da Universidade (rpt. Vigo: Ediçóns Xerais de Galicia, 1981).</li> <li>Michaëlis de Vasconcellos, Carolina. 1904. <i>Cancioneiro da Ajuda</i>, edição critica e commentada. 2 vols. Halle a.S.: Max Niemeyer (rpt. with Michaëlis 1920, Lisboa: Imprensa Nacional - Casa de Moeda, 1990).</li> <li>Michaëlis de Vasconcellos, Carolina. 1920. "Glossário do Cancioneiro da Ajuda". <i>Revista Lusitana</i> 23: 1-95.</li> <li>Nobiling, Oskar. 1907a. <i>As Cantigas de D. Joan Garcia de Guilhade, Trovador do Seculo XIII</i>, edição critica, com notas e introdução. Erlangen: Junge & Sohn (= <i>Romanische Forschungen</i> 25 [1908]: 641-719).</li> <li>Nunes, José Joaquim. 1926-28. <i>Cantigas d’amigo dos trovadores galego-portugueses</i>, edição crítica acompanhada de introdução, comentário, variantes, e glossário. 3 vols. Coimbra: Imprensa da Universidade (rpt. Lisbon: Centro do Livro Brasileiro, 1973).</li> <li>Nunes, José Joaquim . 1932. <i>Cantigas d’amor dos trovadores galego-portugueses</i>. Edição crítica acompanhada de introdução, comentário, variantes, e glossário. Coimbra: Imprensa da Universidade (rpt. Lisbon: Centro do Livro Brasileiro, 1972).</li> <li>Oliveira, António Resende de. 1994. <i>Depois do Espectáculo Trovadoresco, a estrutura dos cancioneiros peninsulares e as recolhas dos séculos XIII e XIV</i>. Lisbon: Edições Colibri.</li> <li>Pena, Xosé Ramón. 2002. "Historia da literatura medieval galego-portuguesa". Vigo: Edicións Xerais.</li> <li>Sharrer, Harvey L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/344862">"The Discovery of Seven <i>cantigas d'amor</i> by Dom Dinis with Musical Notation."</a> <i>Hispania</i>, Vol. 74, No. 2. (May, 1991), pp. 459–461.</li> <li>Stegagno Picchio, Luciana. 1982. <i>La Méthode philologique. Écrits sur la littérature portugaise</i>. 2 vols. Paris: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Centro Cultural Português.</li> <li>Tavani, Giuseppe. 2002. <i>Trovadores e Jograis: Introdução à poesia medieval galego-portuguesa</i>. Lisbon: Caminho.</li></ul> <p>For further bibliography see <b><a href="/wiki/Galician-Portuguese" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician-Portuguese">Galician-Portuguese</a></b>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_references_used">Other references used</h3></div> <ul><li>Barton, Simon. <i>The Aristocracy in Twelfth-Century León and Castile</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. <small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-49727-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-49727-2">0-521-49727-2</a>.</small></li> <li>Rodrigues, Linda M. A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3513356">"On Originality, Courtly Love, and the Portuguese <i>Cantigas</i>."</a> <i>Luso-Brazilian Review</i>, Vol. 27, No. 2. (Winter, 1990), pp. 95–107.</li> <li>Tolman, Earl Dennis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3513048">"Critical Analysis of a Cantiga d'Escarnho."</a> <i>Luso-Brazilian Review</i>, Vol. 8, No. 2. (Winter, 1971), pp. 54–70.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Galician-Portuguese_troubadours" title="List of Galician-Portuguese troubadours">List of Galician-Portuguese troubadours</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cantiga_de_amigo" title="Cantiga de amigo">Cantiga de amigo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cantiga_de_amor" title="Cantiga de amor">Cantiga de amor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cantigas_de_esc%C3%A1rnio_e_maldizer" title="Cantigas de escárnio e maldizer">Cantigas de escárnio e maldizer</a></i></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/pt:Categoria:Trovadorismo" class="extiw" title="wikisource:pt:Categoria:Trovadorismo">Trovadorismo</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cantigas.fcsh.unl.pt/manuscritos.asp">Cantigas Medievais Galego-Portuguesas - FCSH compilation of Galician-Portuguese medieval lyric</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cantigasdesantamaria.com/">Cantigas de Santa Maria for singers</a> - <i>A complete compilation of the Cantigas de Santa Maria</i></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Medieval_music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="color:black;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Medieval_music" title="Template:Medieval music"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Medieval_music" title="Template talk:Medieval music"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Medieval_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Medieval music"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Medieval_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_music" title="Medieval music">Medieval music</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_composers" title="List of medieval composers">List of composers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_music_theorists" title="List of medieval music theorists">List of music theorists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_musical_instruments" class="mw-redirect" title="List of medieval musical instruments">List of musical instruments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_music#Early_medieval_music_(500–1000)" title="Medieval music">Early (before 1150)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Saint_Gall" title="Abbey of Saint Gall">Abbey of Saint Gall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Notker_the_Stammerer" title="Notker the Stammerer">Notker the Stammerer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuotilo" title="Tuotilo">Tuotilo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_of_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Stephen of Liège">Stephen of Liège</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: #EEF;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Hucbald" title="Hucbald">Hucbald</a>*</span></li> <li><span style="background-color: #EEF;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Odo_of_Cluny" title="Odo of Cluny">Odo of Cluny</a>*</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulbert_of_Chartres" title="Fulbert of Chartres">Fulbert of Chartres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heriger_of_Lobbes" title="Heriger of Lobbes">Heriger of Lobbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Martial_school" title="Saint Martial school">Saint Martial school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9mar_de_Chabannes" title="Adémar de Chabannes">Adémar de Chabannes</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="background-color: #EEF;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Odo_of_Arezzo" title="Odo of Arezzo">Odo of Arezzo</a>*</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notker_Physicus" title="Notker Physicus">Notker Physicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godric_of_Finchale" title="Godric of Finchale">St. Godric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Abelard" title="Peter Abelard">Peter Abelard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildegard_of_Bingen" title="Hildegard of Bingen">Hildegard of Bingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_of_Saint_Victor" title="Adam of Saint Victor">Adam of Saint Victor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfstan_the_Cantor" title="Wulfstan the Cantor">Wulfstan the Cantor</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wipo_of_Burgundy" title="Wipo of Burgundy">Wipo of Burgundy</a>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_music#High_medieval_music_(1000–1300)" title="Medieval music">High (1150–1300)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ars_antiqua" title="Ars antiqua">Ars antiqua</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_school" title="Notre-Dame school">Notre-Dame school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albertus_Parisiensis" title="Albertus Parisiensis">Albertus Parisiensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9onin" title="Léonin">Léonin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9rotin" title="Pérotin">Pérotin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Chancellor" title="Philip the Chancellor">Philippe le Chancelier</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="background-color: #EEF;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Petrus_de_Cruce" title="Petrus de Cruce">Petrus de Cruce</a>*</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Troubadour" title="Troubadour">Troubadour</a><br />& <a href="/wiki/Trobairitz" title="Trobairitz">Trobairitz</a>*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aimeric_de_Peguilhan" title="Aimeric de Peguilhan">Aimeric de Peguilhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaut_Daniel" title="Arnaut Daniel">Arnaut Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaut_de_Mareuil" title="Arnaut de Mareuil">Arnaut de Mareuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernart_de_Ventadorn" title="Bernart de Ventadorn">Bernart de Ventadorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertran_de_Born" title="Bertran de Born">Bertran de Born</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castelloza" title="Castelloza">Castelloza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerver%C3%AD_de_Girona" title="Cerverí de Girona">Cerverí de Girona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comtessa_de_Dia" title="Comtessa de Dia">Comtessa de Dia</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folquet_de_Marselha" title="Folquet de Marselha">Folquet de Marselha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaucelm_Faidit" title="Gaucelm Faidit">Gaucelm Faidit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giraut_de_Bornelh" title="Giraut de Bornelh">Giraut de Bornelh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiraut_Riquier" title="Guiraut Riquier">Guiraut Riquier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaufre_Rudel" title="Jaufre Rudel">Jaufre Rudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcabru" title="Marcabru">Marcabru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peire_d%27Alvernha" class="mw-redirect" title="Peire d'Alvernha">Peire d'Alvernha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peire_Cardenal" title="Peire Cardenal">Peire Cardenal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peire_Vidal" title="Peire Vidal">Peire Vidal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peirol" title="Peirol">Peirol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perdigon" title="Perdigon">Perdigon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raimbaut_d%27Aurenga" title="Raimbaut d'Aurenga">Raimbaut d'Aurenga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raimbaut_de_Vaqueiras" title="Raimbaut de Vaqueiras">Raimbaut de Vaqueiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raimon_de_Miravalh" class="mw-redirect" title="Raimon de Miravalh">Raimon de Miravalh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sordello" title="Sordello">Sordello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_IX,_Duke_of_Aquitaine" title="William IX, Duke of Aquitaine">William IX, Duke of Aquitaine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_troubadours_and_trobairitz" title="List of troubadours and trobairitz">Other troubadours and trobairitz...</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trouv%C3%A8re" title="Trouvère">Trouvère</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_de_la_Halle" title="Adam de la Halle">Adam de la Halle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrieu_Contredit_d%27Arras" title="Andrieu Contredit d'Arras">Andrieu Contredit d'Arras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audefroi_le_Bastart" title="Audefroi le Bastart">Audefroi le Bastart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blondel_de_Nesle" title="Blondel de Nesle">Blondel de Nesle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Chastelain_de_Couci" title="Le Chastelain de Couci">Le Chastelain de Couci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chr%C3%A9tien_de_Troyes" title="Chrétien de Troyes">Chrétien de Troyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Muset" title="Colin Muset">Colin Muset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conon_de_B%C3%A9thune" title="Conon de Béthune">Conon de Béthune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gace_Brul%C3%A9" title="Gace Brulé">Gace Brulé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautier_de_Coincy" title="Gautier de Coincy">Gautier de Coincy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautier_de_Dargies" title="Gautier de Dargies">Gautier de Dargies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautier_d%27Espinal" title="Gautier d'Espinal">Gautier d'Espinal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillebert_de_Berneville" title="Gillebert de Berneville">Gillebert de Berneville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gontier_de_Soignies" title="Gontier de Soignies">Gontier de Soignies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_le_Vinier" title="Guillaume le Vinier">Guillaume le Vinier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiot_de_Dijon" title="Guiot de Dijon">Guiot de Dijon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehan_Bretel" title="Jehan Bretel">Jehan Bretel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehan_Erart" title="Jehan Erart">Jehan Erart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehan_le_Cuvelier_d%27Arras" title="Jehan le Cuvelier d'Arras">Jehan le Cuvelier d'Arras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moniot_d%27Arras" title="Moniot d'Arras">Moniot d'Arras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perrin_d%27Angicourt" title="Perrin d'Angicourt">Perrin d'Angicourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_de_R%C3%A9mi_(died_1265)" title="Philippe de Rémi (died 1265)">Philippe de Rémi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_de_Soissons" title="Raoul de Soissons">Raoul de Soissons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trouv%C3%A8re#List_of_trouvères" title="Trouvère">Other trouvères...</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casella_(Divine_Comedy)" title="Casella (Divine Comedy)">Casella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goliard" class="mw-redirect" title="Goliard">Goliards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesang" title="Minnesang">Minnesang</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Galician-Portuguese lyric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Galician-Portuguese_troubadours" title="List of Galician-Portuguese troubadours">List of Galician-Portuguese troubadours</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_music#Late_medieval_music_(1300–1400)" title="Medieval music">Late (1300–1400)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ars_nova" title="Ars nova">Ars nova</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/F._Andrieu" title="F. Andrieu">F. Andrieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Le_Grant" title="Denis Le Grant">Denis Le Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magister_Franciscus" title="Magister Franciscus">Magister Franciscus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimace_(composer)" title="Grimace (composer)">Grimace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehan_de_Lescurel" title="Jehan de Lescurel">Jehan de Lescurel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_de_Machaut" title="Guillaume de Machaut">Guillaume de Machaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._des_Molins" title="P. des Molins">P. des Molins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehan_Vaillant" title="Jehan Vaillant">Jehan Vaillant</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: #EEF;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Philippe_de_Vitry" title="Philippe de Vitry">Philippe de Vitry</a>*</span></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Trecento" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Trecento" title="Music of the Trecento">Trecento</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Predecessors" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Predecessors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marchetto_da_Padova" title="Marchetto da Padova">Marchetto da Padova</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_da_Cascia" title="Giovanni da Cascia">Giovanni da Cascia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacopo_da_Bologna" title="Jacopo da Bologna">Jacopo da Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maestro_Piero" title="Maestro Piero">Maestro Piero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_da_Rimini" title="Vincenzo da Rimini">Vincenzo da Rimini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_de_Florentia" title="Andreas de Florentia">Andreas de Florentia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donato_da_Cascia" title="Donato da Cascia">Donato da Cascia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Landini" title="Francesco Landini">Francesco Landini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gherardello_da_Firenze" title="Gherardello da Firenze">Gherardello da Firenze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_da_Firenze" title="Lorenzo da Firenze">Lorenzo da Firenze</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_da_Firenze" title="Paolo da Firenze">Paolo da Firenze</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bartolino_da_Padova" title="Bartolino da Padova">Bartolino da Padova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonello_da_Caserta" title="Antonello da Caserta">Antonello da Caserta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Ciconia" title="Johannes Ciconia">Johannes Ciconia</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matteo_da_Perugia" title="Matteo da Perugia">Matteo da Perugia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Mazzuoli" title="Giovanni Mazzuoli">Giovanni Mazzuoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grazioso_da_Padova" title="Grazioso da Padova">Grazioso da Padova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_da_Perugia" title="Niccolò da Perugia">Niccolò da Perugia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippus_de_Caserta" title="Philippus de Caserta">Philippus de Caserta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant_Omer" title="Sant Omer">Sant Omer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacara_da_Teramo" title="Zacara da Teramo">Zacara da Teramo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ars_subtilior" title="Ars subtilior">Ars subtilior</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borlet" title="Borlet">Borlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippus_de_Caserta" title="Philippus de Caserta">Philippus de Caserta</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: #EEF;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Ciconia" title="Johannes Ciconia">Johannes Ciconia</a>*</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conradus_de_Pistoria" title="Conradus de Pistoria">Conradus de Pistoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baude_Cordier" title="Baude Cordier">Baude Cordier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Cuvelier" title="Johannes Cuvelier">Johannes Cuvelier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egardus" title="Egardus">Egardus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egidius_(Chantilly_Codex_composer)" title="Egidius (Chantilly Codex composer)">Egidius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinus_Fabri" title="Martinus Fabri">Martinus Fabri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrus_de_Goscalch" title="Petrus de Goscalch">Petrus de Goscalch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Symonis_Hasprois" title="Johannes Symonis Hasprois">Johannes Symonis Hasprois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matheus_de_Sancto_Johanne" title="Matheus de Sancto Johanne">Matheus de Sancto Johanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gacian_Reyneau" title="Gacian Reyneau">Gacian Reyneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S_Uciredor" title="S Uciredor">Rodericus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Senleches" title="Jacob Senleches">Jacob Senleches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solage" title="Solage">Solage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Susay" title="Johannes Susay">Johannes Susay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacara_da_Teramo" title="Zacara da Teramo">Antonio Zacara da Teramo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trebor_(composer)" title="Trebor (composer)">Trebor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Alanus" title="Johannes Alanus">Johannes Alanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dunstaple" title="John Dunstaple">John Dunstaple</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Contenance_angloise" title="Contenance angloise">Contenance angloise</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fabri" title="Thomas Fabri">Thomas Fabri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Henry" title="Roy Henry">Roy Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_de_Lantins" title="Arnold de Lantins">Arnold de Lantins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonel_Power" title="Leonel Power">Leonel Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._de_Wycombe" title="W. de Wycombe">W. de Wycombe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theorists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_IV" title="Anonymous IV">Anonymous IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_of_Arezzo" title="Guido of Arezzo">Guido of Arezzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_of_Cologne" title="Franco of Cologne">Franco of Cologne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Cotto" title="Johannes Cotto">Johannes Cotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_de_Garlandia_(music_theorist)" title="Johannes de Garlandia (music theorist)">Johannes de Garlandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_de_Grocheio" title="Johannes de Grocheio">Johannes de Grocheio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iacobus_de_Ispania" class="mw-redirect" title="Iacobus de Ispania">Iacobus de Ispania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notker_Labeo" title="Notker Labeo">Notker Labeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_de_Muris" title="Johannes de Muris">Johannes de Muris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Odington" title="Walter Odington">Walter Odington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berno_of_Reichenau" title="Berno of Reichenau">Berno of Reichenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurelian_of_R%C3%A9%C3%B4me" title="Aurelian of Réôme">Aurelian of Réôme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musical forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiphon" title="Antiphon">Antiphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canso_(song)" title="Canso (song)">Canso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_(music)" title="Carol (music)">Carol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanson" title="Chanson">Chanson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chansonnier" title="Chansonnier">Chansonnier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chant" title="Chant">Chant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conductus" title="Conductus">Conductus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estampie" title="Estampie">Estampie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formes_fixes" title="Formes fixes">Formes fixes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballade_(forme_fixe)" title="Ballade (forme fixe)">Ballade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rondeau_(forme_fixe)" title="Rondeau (forme fixe)">Rondeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virelai" title="Virelai">Virelai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geisslerlieder" title="Geisslerlieder">Geisslerlied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_chant" title="Gregorian chant">Gregorian chant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Pope Gregory I</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_(poetic_form)" title="Lai (poetic form)">Lai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tydorel" title="Tydorel">Tydorel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_drama" title="Liturgical drama">Liturgical drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrigal_(Trecento)" title="Madrigal (Trecento)">Madrigal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motet" title="Motet">Motet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organum" title="Organum">Organum</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Planctus" title="Planctus">Planctus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_music_of_the_British_Isles" title="Early music of the British Isles">British Isles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_in_Medieval_England" title="Music in Medieval England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_in_Medieval_Scotland" title="Music in Medieval Scotland">Scotland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cyprus#Medieval_music" title="Music of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_history_of_France#Medieval_Period" title="Music history of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Germany#Minnesingers_and_Meistersingers" title="Music of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_classical_music#Medieval_music" title="Italian classical music">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Lithuania" title="Music of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_history_of_Portugal#Medieval_music" title="Music history of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Spain#Medieval_period" title="Music of Spain">Spain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Derivations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bardcore" title="Bardcore">Bardcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_folk_rock" title="Medieval folk rock">Medieval folk rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_metal" title="Medieval metal">Medieval metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Medieval_music" title="Neo-Medieval music">Neo-Medieval music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_music" title="Early music">Early music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_art" title="Medieval art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_architecture" title="Medieval architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_poetry" title="Medieval poetry">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_literature" title="Medieval literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_philosophy" title="Medieval philosophy">Philosophy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div style="position:relative;"> <ul><li>Also music theorist*</li></ul> <div style="position:absolute;right:0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Template:Renaissance_music" title="Template:Renaissance music">Renaissance music</a></b> →</div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Medieval_music" title="Category:Medieval music">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Classical_music" title="Portal:Classical music">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="19px19px_Galician-Portuguese_cancioneiros" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Portuguese_cancioneiros" title="Template:Portuguese cancioneiros"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Portuguese_cancioneiros" title="Template talk:Portuguese cancioneiros"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Portuguese_cancioneiros" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Portuguese cancioneiros"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="19px19px_Galician-Portuguese_cancioneiros" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Galicia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/19px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/29px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/38px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Portugal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/19px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/29px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/38px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Galician-Portuguese" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician-Portuguese">Galician-Portuguese</a> <a href="/wiki/Chansonnier" title="Chansonnier">cancioneiros</a></b></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mediæval:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: center; padding-right: 10em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cancioneiro_da_Ajuda" title="Cancioneiro da Ajuda">Cancioneiro da Ajuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancioneiro_da_Biblioteca_Nacional" title="Cancioneiro da Biblioteca Nacional">Cancioneiro da Biblioteca Nacional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancioneiro_da_Vaticana" title="Cancioneiro da Vaticana">Cancioneiro da Vaticana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Renaissance:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: center; padding-right: 10em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cancioneiro_de_Bel%C3%A9m" title="Cancioneiro de Belém">Cancioneiro de Belém</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancioneiro_de_Elvas" title="Cancioneiro de Elvas">Cancioneiro de Elvas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancioneiro_de_Lisboa" title="Cancioneiro de Lisboa">Cancioneiro de Lisboa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancioneiro_de_Paris" title="Cancioneiro de Paris">Cancioneiro de Paris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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