CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '914d6b4bdc58cdfa',cH: '1C3JiG6Kkcd_qka66zq9mM2cfgD2lzuJ_xR63HqLBY8-1740043209-1.2.1.1-oHt2MycZ0i1yWDY.9u9rpwuNafwbA.bCwsdo4TH8.tOdvbuahTSYdXIi2EIj2oII',cUPMDTk: "\/9998716\/apa?__cf_chl_tk=raANNdpirJwsjzov_37aLHchZ_SCaVBmnhIbJWsWJ0o-1740043209-1.0.1.1-dqCWWWVDFGkAGIqUDBCQrlT.4wj3Ed4oOy9Iplt_Ygo",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1740043209',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "unsupported-browser",fa: "\/9998716\/apa?__cf_chl_f_tk=raANNdpirJwsjzov_37aLHchZ_SCaVBmnhIbJWsWJ0o-1740043209-1.0.1.1-dqCWWWVDFGkAGIqUDBCQrlT.4wj3Ed4oOy9Iplt_Ygo",md: "A9qJ2M3ujc6SggxaqCBDoBJ1V7uXsWWWAnv2HffHEGo-1740043209-1.2.1.1-J3_iuD_nAdnnYhrT0d7sHc3vOJw2sx53Q2mF8FEIWrAvUW5Qm0knZIaLefQg5SfFi2VJU.RUS3brV876NgIEUB5k06twKkphpaoE7ONqin5v9IsOT.3.5w7tAB1_EYiHasOh_8lkh7Of6dDKfK3mQforXIl9sy5iB2m5J7oo3GNqCpLsDZwttBPzCheSFV0mYs_QbGx4IAiMl1yV_68oBWQTm_XOZbppWx2cxokPas6rsOpYqyio8WiC8bfdt6iueE8n3CuWiX3q_q.MPPP8FXPyhZFF4j1G.nrhkUVZ1.Kdkp8nAaSNK5xox2BbAAryGNRdudJvLaexMwUzeQ8iUHRifwl6rnxk0s9.stvRKYMLr8deM8vUCTWoLeqW9XAS3Xbso7QCXujW80MczMHBnJodD2OBHXP1vs1sUz6LMKubsmLmd3bJyTouvxmnVXkTcNh.bmU.i3lHVAJ_OMOYaYF9dHVD80g7PMQKicc3TcrGIUzOBV1W_yCHFF.YMWtaZo1N9hZNkhpc6h6vby2WpiXcDzSliJqrCjQ.PLwVD07nw3LpmkEEK1MxNeNo7SGxnWWf9tCe34hmOgxdBqjy.tUOkrNnsGijamHzG.mDRsbsLSI0r4EaWsv99Yndj7xV9.dD9pvVTLrq12u.RT.T4RtJMT1bNl2VIDQR.gc.G3VDiCu7CSi8wsqm9OsmhctG8IDzXZprchCJqY2E7cYVFGg3FR_E66FezllL_PkvzrjWE8xbmtHLND1AHnRZa079Crhol7yd8zB34qRFXGWY44Y7t_3kw.92_1afX__R.Ks2QRFGZjQYxVai1GKljSv8O6c6PH2F312v0Q_RFxNbW_9ace0cZQqjlR3tLJ4s2m8C_M0DTWXihXSn2A6eq5fs0KhZmjY.vv3XlHiKNPx5esls6Y9DL1cJrgyySsA7rF2Rw9k18UiQz8gcdOlcfduXmfvOwQE662oGa97zUMONHyGpo7RWRB6rpGxKRtT7sSVJgshdE1DVFC16fneagiW4stJleBFRVh6Oopv7By8617SB8sAbdUQO3.jmzdJX9Z1_5PeSkA4INl4GGVcv2yXh2D1NFk9ADz8HdX4Fr.7.3EUoWXN4.wzxndLEtWsENtHSmgkX9cNyHjIN6DMt8mR4Y0Zy7ktjjGLEJIAefy8CTZ1yWMMyZ5SrltMI65CEAfeQtPzNbxddsAUGZDrAIp62IIBhNxiviilJaWD4frY9mEqdJjuGSV4h75jdYzf67KTi7GiBpYfRzu1S9bVIWOXtMWJabhzU8n09wpUB3JONDfd1eeNR.23.j1NnyrmT4B1VdgVNVV3Yb2buAE0i_.bHsiDLav35afCc1sqpaVtMJCLHGcYzLk.SYWQ7caB66BPuN596kFlMHMn14GETL4t9AXkPF0O9qJ1GMFZI6EzcJbIBAqNpNY6liymwhmcDbzazJfcRrsbafes9wdEmtxQupdTWnro5SvbjoVAK_8CE.fiZOhNgrACUqXZXeG0OIDzPJZpX12yz2x4Wt7WGc378FhLh34WuE4vYfpvRCPqd5g4.4vTCBDUzpSkku2.Qg.4MtqNessbT9uEbJpzf2pD1zJcTIXvviPZpRuqiadq4xmLSUMF0vI0OxInCJ0pXedNv.UWCYjkU38Uk1SjKxmbH8YCd5JzmZGoOKOJsAudtIiHekIXJS8Fry6jnoDugs2k4kYGG9owHvYJ3L4veK.dBP5kfzFZzDS7qi2xiHgxSbIbpvB.g5966y32JeCKKF7OuhyvKdFxhofG8j5Z7wE8tUvRKA99w00Te.vw0ogY_Pq_as02ooY9zmg0KPwYmdI_NNqym6IthR_HvcpoXmEUQeFNnh7h50Wblr01ylhNjCJHtyifIkwW0ucqgqSyCt9A",mdrd: "HR1bV6PM5QOFTHQUaVhH.RrErgA_r9nlxWPLBwoZRYo-1740043209-1.2.1.1-JB9_urmm8N6biBRTum5V6lv8djWDyhgs_N8Q7eDiWm8Fmp7nRCdhCVLGHHgCN7DGEPlXzmQKtmDBB_a3nb97zd_sDPUzTVliUPYJ8iB.U5seL.60JEH8g1YobsZPvVhuT4l0lgz1x6UU5BWkuzEaCQo58vPf2rc4fp_enlf_E3viMYp62haQYnvpRO0wiGYOfaVcZWLxF.eySxgirf1W5JK.o1in_kFZUTr0wdo9Hok4FD9FapLkRIGVkC0Q0Q6isLr6hQ4TZksXI1W7PwpsSl_de2iTIshVxIfKd1c6taEiHeR2KYOHVY0v0f26CJFbU1u6.4WGstQpe8sgDMWFyvoxUMTgGEU5AQ0bmW5QZcdzNOKP.1Z4d6PP1.o25IlC19C91aZ8yzTLWqrvaAiAhwU4E6ysy1sR0r5sCM_5brp9B0SAZZXXeCXYU_jOeUQYjhgMzyxpwa0oEUjb4V7E0iNGAXFkb7Qwm2cei93ciizpf2pnhoEviAe4nabNP0Cw6ltZvrtbuu9fWoYa78c2gFDI2PGb6Ohy2hYjEME1_9aA1Vh0mM4uvp8CegmmjNsn9ntd5O.uSQ6zGKiY_yRQAudQ0ualy3xlLzmYOXuvrLlipTzkoLxL_VZq7ssX0ujCZD3S6.KJ9rpEASDXdgIvHQNElvK7oKalqR2tMIt8BL4edCTXUMzIsjSSgc8S5HXPWHAAB3VsNyA2Qcxb0_UD5XBg9SK4XCuxMM3JMFUg4H7GAERZ7LU8B1xA7MNIx6_7aR5fuOq5gI7uf_UukMA0jlHKyU5ntHwOtiCZ1Xjkt139md6DZ2FbeHaoXwJwClf8ZP_YYohCDrezWCirWMCRzimFNKVmlenZLplIMz0z5Ln410_XvVaEg4_2y6NsGQTqZLwVb4nkowSI1K.Ya3bvbkuJI7uHWkbNKCXoev2AIBlamHzs1tnh3agVPBaWGCOPbHAQKC_2U3wo8_vugHQ9EzSKCD2nOlYbvI0knr33i3is1ee1M4evyLqVk7Nw3zQPVqnq2vG9Xce1qWxMYpnx8CAAJHhJQnWcdyuaLilwY0nTKD4qboznK_MIrg7m1YO0kdXAPhxUbZz8BLe3z6vGVPiZMPt3OWWoxTkfiaPFqA4GnUtVl8pkFtBQZDKIJYY0xqH0Z7WCjLqbhfcyBbPJUPX_3dZ6XacPwwFEKA0df4XEQKvIV.xTGvtbfwzaIY.AiW6H_PAFZ3uqx0tAUDHGoN58Lbi6HZ.iJfDBRow_LsdoalurXa8a8tjwe1F83vW2nMsJvIqPIh3gdCy8.gd2SJ2yvtpM4pJAGjF9BY2thNZBHgerwMm18kqWKAw_igOmuohkRL0Wj5z1EGklewzTDdM88kOcTW9jH_x0qhR5ctcaPn14TSfdCLij.mCLxeR55LaC3mH1jlaZQRhwjJMtWQPZYQp3yANN6exhnKASkoOKb55Kz2R_EF3z5GnM6QGaQj1EWNIaiuFzpDfyJcJ9PmoOvNEbUKVZtoNkUQCtuynOfPK3giLHRD9T9L1Mmt939zijp7vF49.CoPCIb739.XV1zDX4OwSE8zZFFAFKvY1SlJaQhk4q17GnOMD6HnsIQGNakBTqJmEBd03M7TtelLgliDBcIuRjMr3toRQAVjzSMbt18IQht7ctmeYXupgTE0ndpYgQZ_LzwMK.3ZOBxha.AdyZwLQalVEp1_pBUq4X3Aa5vI8WJWR12R10FrnkeHSUwruSkt_b88VdFxDXGIZjgLkBkRNTTH0XOCpe6tketxhVMcd0EPufNJ3xBueQTNNG6CLadpo8.u0w.XC2jkQJi8BBWnxUyHs.4uyz1BZkxJoWHGaXgmSsgIjibMLKp88he42LULQ4kWOb43bdddPndnnMDWKDqmjSX_IrunUeCjOJtsxNU1v9urnppoh6O98lLNIBlxte6rb8bsZeR0FHVVzfphJ2.FZdonkF5AOcT2O5js3sKE.X6qgS951fj4OfQmlXDgD_vrkdwyM8.Q"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=914d6b4bdc58cdfa';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/9998716\/apa?__cf_chl_rt_tk=raANNdpirJwsjzov_37aLHchZ_SCaVBmnhIbJWsWJ0o-1740043209-1.0.1.1-dqCWWWVDFGkAGIqUDBCQrlT.4wj3Ed4oOy9Iplt_Ygo" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>