CINXE.COM
Early works to 1800 | Open Library
<!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en"> <head> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <meta name="title" content="" /> <meta name="keywords" content="free books, books to read, free ebooks, audio books, read books for free, read books online, online library"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta name="author" content="OpenLibrary.org" /> <meta name="creator" content="OpenLibrary.org" /> <meta name="copyright" content="Original content copyright; 2007-2015" /> <meta name="distribution" content="Global" /> <meta name="theme-color" content="#e2dcc5"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://openlibrary.org/subjects/early_works_to_1800" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://athena.archive.org"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Open Library" href="/static/opensearch.xml"> <link rel="manifest" href="/static/manifest.json"> <link href="/static/images/openlibrary-128x128.png" rel="apple-touch-icon" /> <link href="/static/images/openlibrary-152x152.png" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" /> <link href="/static/images/openlibrary-167x167.png" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="167x167" /> <link href="/static/images/openlibrary-180x180.png" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" /> <link href="/static/images/openlibrary-192x192.png" rel="icon" sizes="192x192" /> <link href="/static/images/openlibrary-128x128.png" rel="icon" sizes="128x128" /> <link href="/static/build/page-subject.css?v=713b50e9f33c78464054310043b4ba8c" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <noscript> <style> /* Don't hide content with clamp if no js to show more/less */ .clamp { -webkit-line-clamp: unset !important; } /* Don't show read-more sections collapsed */ .read-more__content { max-height: unset !important; } /* Don't show read-more toggle buttons */ .read-more__toggle { display: none !important; } /* @width-breakpoint-tablet media query: */ @media only screen and (min-width: 768px) { /* Sticky navbar to top of screen if compact title cannot be stickied */ .work-menu { top: 0 !important; } } </style> </noscript> <script> /* @licstart The following is the entire license notice for the * JavaScript code in this page. * * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or * (at your option) any later version. * * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the * GNU Affero General Public License for more details. * * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. * * @licend The above is the entire license notice * for the JavaScript code in this page. */ </script> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="KrqcZD4l5BLNVyjzSi2sjZBiwgmkJ1W7n6w7ThD7A74" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="vtXGm8q3UgP-f6qXTvQBo85uh3nmIYIotVqqdJDpyz4" /> <!-- Drini, Google Search Console --> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="XYOJ9Uj0MBr6wk7kj1IkttXrqY-bbRstFMADTfEt354" /> <!-- Drini, Bing Webmaster Tools --> <meta name="msvalidate.01" content="8BEBECBEF537077737975A49D55B857D" /> <meta name="description" content="Open Library is an open, editable library catalog, building towards a web page for every book ever published. Read, borrow, and discover more than 3M books for free." /> <title>Early works to 1800 | Open Library</title> <link rel="preload" href="/static/css/fonts/slick.woff" as="font" type="font/woff" crossorigin> </head> <body class="" > <script> // Provide a signal that JS will load document.body.className += ' client-js'; </script> <span id="top"></span> <div id="offline-info">It looks like you're offline.</div> <div id="donato"></div> <script src="/cdn/archive.org/donate.js" data-platform="ol"></script> <div id="topNotice"> <div class="page-banner page-banner-black page-banner-center"> <div class="iaBar"> <a class="iaLogo" href="https://archive.org"><img alt="Internet Archive logo" src="/static/images/ia-logo.svg" width="160"></a> <a class="ghost-btn iabar-mobile" href="https://archive.org/donate/?platform=ol&origin=olwww-TopNavDonateButton" data-ol-link-track="IABar|DonateButton">Donate <span class="heart" aria-hidden="true">♥</span></a> <div class="language-component header-dropdown iabar-mobile"> <details> <summary> <span>English (en)</span> <img class="translate-icon" src="/static/images/language-icon.svg" title="Change Website Language" alt="Change Website Language"/> </summary> <div class="language-dropdown-component"> <ul class="locale-options dropdown-menu"> <li><a href="#" lang="cs" data-lang-id="cs" title="Czech">Čeština (cs)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="de" data-lang-id="de" title="German">Deutsch (de)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="en" data-lang-id="en" title="English">English (en)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="es" data-lang-id="es" title="Spanish">Español (es)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="fr" data-lang-id="fr" title="French">Français (fr)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="hr" data-lang-id="hr" title="Croatian">Hrvatski (hr)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="it" data-lang-id="it" title="Italian">Italiano (it)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="pt" data-lang-id="pt" title="Portuguese">Português (pt)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="hi" data-lang-id="hi" title="Hindi">हिंदी (hi)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="sc" data-lang-id="sc" title="Sardinian">Sardu (sc)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="te" data-lang-id="te" title="Telugu">తెలుగు (te)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="uk" data-lang-id="uk" title="Ukrainian">Українська (uk)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="zh" data-lang-id="zh" title="Chinese">中文 (zh)</a></li> </ul> </div> </details> </div> </div> </div> </div> <header id="header-bar" class="header-bar"> <div class="logo-component"> <a href="/" title="The Internet Archive's Open Library: One page for every book"> <div class="logo-txt"> <img class="logo-icon" src="/static/images/openlibrary-logo-tighter.svg" width="189" height="47" alt="Open Library logo"/> </div> </a> </div> <ul class="navigation-component"> <li> <div class="mybooks-component header-dropdown"> <a href="/account/books" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|MyBooks>My Books</a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="browse-component header-dropdown"> <details> <summary > Browse <span class="shift">Menu</span> <img class="down-arrow" aria-hidden="true" src="/static/images/down-arrow.png" alt="" role="presentation" width="7" height="4"> </summary> <div class="browse-dropdown-component navigation-dropdown-component" > <ul class="dropdown-menu browse-dropdown-menu"> <li> <a href="/subjects" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|Subjects> Subjects </a> </li> <li> <a href="/trending" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|Trending> Trending </a> </li> <li> <a href="/explore" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|Explore> Library Explorer </a> </li> <li> <a href="/lists" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|Lists> Lists </a> </li> <li> <a href="/collections" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|Collections> Collections </a> </li> <li> <a href="/k-12" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|K12Library> K-12 Student Library </a> </li> <li> <a href="/booktalks" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|BookTalks> Book Talks </a> </li> <li> <a href="/random" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|RandomBook> Random Book </a> </li> <li> <a href="/advancedsearch" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|AdvancedSearch> Advanced Search </a> </li> </ul> </div> </details> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="search-component"> <div class="search-bar-component"> <div class="search-bar"> <div class="search-facet"> <label class="search-facet-selector"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="search-facet-value">All</span> <select aria-label="Search by"> <option value="all">All</option> <option value="title">Title</option> <option value="author">Author</option> <option value="text">Text</option> <option value="subject">Subject</option> <option value="lists">Lists</option> <option value="advanced">Advanced</option> </select> </label> </div> <form class="search-bar-input" action="/search" method="get"> <input type="text" name="q" placeholder="Search" aria-label="Search" autocomplete="off"> <input name="mode" type="checkbox" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Search checkbox" checked="checked" value="" id="ftokenstop" class="hidden instantsearch-mode"> <input type="submit" value="" class="search-bar-submit" aria-label="Search submit"> <div class="vertical-separator"></div> <a id="barcode_scanner_link" class="search-by-barcode-submit" aria-label="Search by barcode" title="Search by barcode" href="/barcodescanner?returnTo=/isbn/$$$" > </a> </form> </div> <div class="search-dropdown"> <ul class="search-results"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="auth-component"> <li class="hide-me"> <a class="btn" href="/account/login">Log In</a></li> <li><a class="btn primary" href="/account/create">Sign Up</a></li> </ul> <div class="hamburger-component header-dropdown"> <details> <summary data-ol-link-track="HeaderBar|Hamburger"> <img class="hamburger__icon" src="/static/images/hamburger-icon.svg" alt="additional options menu"/> <img class="down-arrow" aria-hidden="true" src="/static/images/down-arrow.png" alt="" role="presentation" width="7" height="4"> </summary> <div class="mask-menu"></div> <div class="app-drawer" > <ul class="dropdown-menu hamburger-dropdown-menu"> <li class="subsection"> My Open Library </li> <li class="login-links"> <a class="login-links__secondary" href="/account/login">Log In</a> <a class="login-links__primary" href="/account/create">Sign Up</a> </li> <li class="subsection"> Browse </li> <li> <a href="/subjects" data-ol-link-track=Hamburger|Subjects> Subjects </a> </li> <li> <a href="/trending" data-ol-link-track=Hamburger|Trending> Trending </a> </li> <li> <a href="/explore" data-ol-link-track=Hamburger|Explore> Library Explorer </a> </li> <li> <a href="/lists" data-ol-link-track=Hamburger|Lists> Lists </a> </li> <li> <a href="/collections" data-ol-link-track=Hamburger|Collections> Collections </a> </li> <li> <a href="/k-12" data-ol-link-track=Hamburger|K12Library> K-12 Student Library </a> </li> <li> <a href="/booktalks" data-ol-link-track=Hamburger|BookTalks> Book Talks </a> </li> <li> <a href="/random" data-ol-link-track=Hamburger|RandomBook> Random Book </a> </li> <li> <a href="/advancedsearch" data-ol-link-track=Hamburger|AdvancedSearch> Advanced Search </a> </li> <li class="subsection"> Contribute </li> <li> <a href="/books/add" data-ol-link-track=Hamburger|AddBook> Add a Book </a> </li> <li> <a href="/recentchanges" data-ol-link-track=Hamburger|RecentEdits> Recent Community Edits </a> </li> <li class="subsection"> Resources </li> <li> <a href="/help" data-ol-link-track=Hamburger|Help> Help & Support </a> </li> <li> <a href="/developers" data-ol-link-track=Hamburger|DevelopersHelp> Developer Center </a> </li> <li> <a href="/librarians" data-ol-link-track=Hamburger|LibrariansHelp> Librarians Portal </a> </li> </ul> </div> </details> </div> </header> <header class="header-bar mobile"> <ul class="navigation-component mobile"> <li> <div class="mybooks-component header-dropdown"> <a href="/account/books" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|MyBooks>My Books</a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="browse-component header-dropdown"> <details> <summary > Browse <span class="shift">Menu</span> <img class="down-arrow" aria-hidden="true" src="/static/images/down-arrow.png" alt="" role="presentation" width="7" height="4"> </summary> <div class="browse-dropdown-component navigation-dropdown-component" > <ul class="dropdown-menu browse-dropdown-menu"> <li> <a href="/subjects" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|Subjects> Subjects </a> </li> <li> <a href="/trending" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|Trending> Trending </a> </li> <li> <a href="/explore" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|Explore> Library Explorer </a> </li> <li> <a href="/lists" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|Lists> Lists </a> </li> <li> <a href="/collections" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|Collections> Collections </a> </li> <li> <a href="/k-12" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|K12Library> K-12 Student Library </a> </li> <li> <a href="/booktalks" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|BookTalks> Book Talks </a> </li> <li> <a href="/random" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|RandomBook> Random Book </a> </li> <li> <a href="/advancedsearch" data-ol-link-track=MainNav|AdvancedSearch> Advanced Search </a> </li> </ul> </div> </details> </div> </li> </ul> </header> <div id="test-body-mobile"> <div class="flash-messages"> </div> <div id="scrollHere"></div> <div class="page-heading-search-box"> <h1 class="inline"> Early works to 1800 </h1> <span class="heading"> <span class="count" id="coversCount"> <strong><span><a href="/search?subject=Early works to 1800" title="See all works">172763 works</a></span></strong> </span> </span> <a href="#search" class="shift">Search for books with subject Early works to 1800.</a> <form action="/search" class="olform pagesearchbox"> <div class="searchbox"> <input type="text" class="searchbox__input" name="q" size="100" placeholder="Search" aria-label="Search" value=""> <div> <input type="submit" value="" class="searchbox__btn-icon" aria-label="Search"> </div> </div> <input type="hidden" name="subject_facet" value="Early works to 1800"/> </form> </div> <div class="contentBody"> <input type="hidden" name="carousel-i18n-strings" value="{"open": "Read", "borrow_available": "Borrow", "borrow_unavailable": "Join Waitlist", "error": "Not in Library", "loading": "Loading..."}"> <div class="carousel-section"> <div class="carousel-container carousel-container-decorated"> <div class="carousel carousel--progressively-enhanced" data-config="{"booksPerBreakpoint": [6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1], "analyticsCategory": "BookCarousel", "carouselKey": "", "loadMore": {"url": "/subjects/early_works_to_1800.json", "pageMode": "offset", "limit": 12}}"> <div class="book carousel__item"> <div class="book-cover"> <a href="/works/OL244537W" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CoverClick|"> <img class="bookcover" loading="lazy" title="The Art of War by Sun Tzu" alt="The Art of War by Sun Tzu" src="//covers.openlibrary.org/b/id/4849549-M.jpg"/> </a> </div> <div class="book-cta"> <div class="cta-button-group"> <a href="/borrow/ia/artofwaroldestmi00suntuoft?ref=ol" title="Read ebook from Internet Archive" class="cta-btn cta-btn--ia cta-btn--available cta-btn--read" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CTAClick|" >Read</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="book carousel__item"> <div class="book-cover"> <a href="/works/OL1317211W" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CoverClick|"> <img class="bookcover" loading="lazy" title="Meditations by Marcus Aurelius" alt="Meditations by Marcus Aurelius" src="//covers.openlibrary.org/b/id/211529-M.jpg"/> </a> </div> <div class="book-cta"> <div class="cta-button-group"> <a href="/borrow/ia/marcusaureliusan00marcrich?ref=ol" title="Read ebook from Internet Archive" class="cta-btn cta-btn--ia cta-btn--available cta-btn--read" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CTAClick|" >Read</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="book carousel__item"> <div class="book-cover"> <a href="/works/OL17732W" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CoverClick|"> <img class="bookcover" loading="lazy" title="Bible by Bible" alt="Bible by Bible" src="//covers.openlibrary.org/b/id/12707846-M.jpg"/> </a> </div> <div class="book-cta"> <div class="cta-button-group"> <a href="/borrow/ia/diebibeloderdie00luth?ref=ol" title="Read ebook from Internet Archive" class="cta-btn cta-btn--ia cta-btn--available cta-btn--read" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CTAClick|" >Read</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="book carousel__item"> <div class="book-cover"> <a href="/works/OL239940W" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CoverClick|"> <img class="bookcover" loading="lazy" title="कामसूत्र by Mallanaga Vātsyāyana" alt="कामसूत्र by Mallanaga Vātsyāyana" src="//covers.openlibrary.org/b/id/8003766-M.jpg"/> </a> </div> <div class="book-cta"> <div class="cta-button-group"> <a href="/borrow/ia/lekamasoutraregl00vats?ref=ol" title="Read ebook from Internet Archive" class="cta-btn cta-btn--ia cta-btn--available cta-btn--read" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CTAClick|" >Read</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="book carousel__item"> <div class="book-cover"> <a href="/works/OL1089297W" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CoverClick|"> <img class="bookcover" loading="lazy" title="The Prince by Niccolò Machiavelli" alt="The Prince by Niccolò Machiavelli" src="//covers.openlibrary.org/b/id/12726168-M.jpg"/> </a> </div> <div class="book-cta"> <div class="cta-button-group"> <a href="/borrow/ia/machiavelli00machuoft?ref=ol" title="Read ebook from Internet Archive" class="cta-btn cta-btn--ia cta-btn--available cta-btn--read" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CTAClick|" >Read</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="book carousel__item"> <div class="book-cover"> <a href="/works/OL695408W" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CoverClick|"> <img class="bookcover" loading="lazy" title="Leonardo by Leonardo da Vinci, Kunster, Erfinder, Wissenschaftler, Michael Desmond, Carlo Pedretti" alt="Leonardo by Leonardo da Vinci, Kunster, Erfinder, Wissenschaftler, Michael Desmond, Carlo Pedretti" src="//covers.openlibrary.org/b/id/919361-M.jpg"/> </a> </div> <div class="book-cta"> <div class="cta-button-group"> <a href="/borrow/ia/leonardounuomoun0000leon?ref=ol" title="Borrow ebook from Internet Archive" class="cta-btn cta-btn--ia cta-btn--available cta-btn--borrow" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CTAClick|" >Borrow</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="book carousel__item"> <div class="book-cover"> <a href="/works/OL61982W" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CoverClick|"> <img class="bookcover" loading="lazy" title="Ὀδύσσεια by Όμηρος" alt="Ὀδύσσεια by Όμηρος" data-lazy="//covers.openlibrary.org/b/id/9045853-M.jpg" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII="/> </a> </div> <div class="book-cta"> <div class="cta-button-group"> <a href="/borrow/ia/lodysse02hom?ref=ol" title="Read ebook from Internet Archive" class="cta-btn cta-btn--ia cta-btn--available cta-btn--read" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CTAClick|" >Read</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="book carousel__item"> <div class="book-cover"> <a href="/works/OL20600W" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CoverClick|"> <img class="bookcover" loading="lazy" title="Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift" alt="Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift" data-lazy="//covers.openlibrary.org/b/id/12717083-M.jpg" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII="/> </a> </div> <div class="book-cta"> <div class="cta-button-group"> <a href="/borrow/ia/voyagesdegullive00swif?ref=ol" title="Read ebook from Internet Archive" class="cta-btn cta-btn--ia cta-btn--available cta-btn--read" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CTAClick|" >Read</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="book carousel__item"> <div class="book-cover"> <a href="/works/OL61981W" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CoverClick|"> <img class="bookcover" loading="lazy" title="Ἰλιάς by Όμηρος" alt="Ἰλιάς by Όμηρος" data-lazy="//covers.openlibrary.org/b/id/7083790-M.jpg" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII="/> </a> </div> <div class="book-cta"> <div class="cta-button-group"> <span class="cta-btn cta-btn--no-pointer">Not in Library</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="book carousel__item"> <div class="book-cover"> <a href="/works/OL628450W" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CoverClick|"> <img class="bookcover" loading="lazy" title="Das Kapital by Karl Marx" alt="Das Kapital by Karl Marx" data-lazy="//covers.openlibrary.org/b/id/10995820-M.jpg" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII="/> </a> </div> <div class="book-cta"> <div class="cta-button-group"> <a href="/borrow/ia/peoplesmarxabrid00marxuoft?ref=ol" title="Read ebook from Internet Archive" class="cta-btn cta-btn--ia cta-btn--available cta-btn--read" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CTAClick|" >Read</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="book carousel__item"> <div class="book-cover"> <a href="/works/OL503666W" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CoverClick|"> <img class="bookcover" loading="lazy" title="Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Michael J. Marshall, John Ormsby, Anonymous" alt="Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Michael J. Marshall, John Ormsby, Anonymous" data-lazy="//covers.openlibrary.org/b/id/14428305-M.jpg" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII="/> </a> </div> <div class="book-cta"> <div class="cta-button-group"> <a href="/borrow/ia/elingeniosohidal00cervrs?ref=ol" title="Read ebook from Internet Archive" class="cta-btn cta-btn--ia cta-btn--available cta-btn--read" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CTAClick|" >Read</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="book carousel__item"> <div class="book-cover"> <a href="/works/OL3946622W" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CoverClick|"> <img class="bookcover" loading="lazy" title="Gorin no sho by Miyamoto Musashi, William Scott Wilson, Kenji Tokitsu, Brian Nishii, jose manquel, Karlo Toreles" alt="Gorin no sho by Miyamoto Musashi, William Scott Wilson, Kenji Tokitsu, Brian Nishii, jose manquel, Karlo Toreles" data-lazy="//covers.openlibrary.org/b/id/6621293-M.jpg" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII="/> </a> </div> <div class="book-cta"> <div class="cta-button-group"> <a class="cta-btn cta-btn--preview" data-iframe-src="https://archive.org/details/completebookoffi00miya?view=theater&wrapper=false" data-iframe-link="https://archive.org/details/completebookoffi00miya" data-ol-link-track="BookCarousel|CTAClick|" href="#bookPreview">Preview Only</a> </div> <div class="hidden"> <div id="bookPreview"> <div class="book-preview"> <div class="floaterHead"> <h2>Preview Book</h2> <a class="dialog--close" data-key="book_preview">×<span class="shift">Close</span></a> </div> <div> <iframe style="width:100%; height:515px"></iframe> <p class="learn-more"> <a data-key="book_preview_learn_more" data-ol-link-track="book_preview_learn_more"> </a> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="head"> <h2 class="inline"> Publishing History </h2> <span class="shift">This is a chart to show the publishing history of editions of works about this subject. Along the X axis is time, and on the y axis is the count of editions published. <a href="#subjectRelated">Click here to skip the chart</a>.</span> <span class="count hidden chartZoom"> <a href="javascript:;" class="resetSelection small">Reset chart</a> or continue zooming in.</span> <span class="count chartUnzoom"> This graph charts editions published on this subject.</span> </div> <script type="text/json+graph" id="graph-json-chartPubHistory">[[1141, 1], [1200, 8], [1260, 1], [1265, 1], [1270, 1], [1290, 1], [1299, 1], [1300, 3], [1307, 1], [1318, 1], [1340, 1], [1348, 1], [1366, 1], [1367, 1], [1370, 1], [1374, 1], [1378, 1], [1380, 1], [1389, 1], [1393, 1], [1400, 17], [1401, 2], [1407, 1], [1410, 1], [1417, 1], [1420, 1], [1423, 1], [1425, 1], [1430, 1], [1431, 2], [1440, 1], [1443, 1], [1450, 4], [1451, 1], [1454, 1], [1455, 2], [1458, 2], [1459, 2], [1460, 6], [1461, 2], [1462, 1], [1463, 3], [1465, 3], [1466, 4], [1467, 2], [1468, 8], [1469, 7], [1470, 39], [1471, 30], [1472, 58], [1473, 63], [1474, 64], [1475, 105], [1476, 76], [1477, 98], [1478, 95], [1479, 51], [1480, 90], [1481, 96], [1482, 81], [1483, 82], [1484, 79], [1485, 117], [1486, 74], [1487, 83], [1488, 89], [1489, 81], [1490, 133], [1491, 102], [1492, 96], [1493, 138], [1494, 130], [1495, 168], [1496, 123], [1497, 138], [1498, 104], [1499, 126], [1500, 165], [1501, 47], [1502, 55], [1503, 52], [1504, 44], [1505, 74], [1506, 37], [1507, 47], [1508, 58], [1509, 47], [1510, 62], [1511, 58], [1512, 51], [1513, 66], [1514, 72], [1515, 77], [1516, 88], [1517, 76], [1518, 84], [1519, 99], [1520, 136], [1521, 105], [1522, 110], [1523, 160], [1524, 113], [1525, 108], [1526, 88], [1527, 93], [1528, 100], [1529, 97], [1530, 114], [1531, 131], [1532, 108], [1533, 136], [1534, 136], [1535, 130], [1536, 126], [1537, 130], [1538, 156], [1539, 123], [1540, 146], [1541, 121], [1542, 146], [1543, 158], [1544, 164], [1545, 188], [1546, 166], [1547, 142], [1548, 213], [1549, 198], [1550, 240], [1551, 226], [1552, 180], [1553, 194], [1554, 205], [1555, 202], [1556, 227], [1557, 192], [1558, 182], [1559, 193], [1560, 231], [1561, 187], [1562, 207], [1563, 172], [1564, 164], [1565, 204], [1566, 189], [1567, 160], [1568, 156], [1569, 155], [1570, 184], [1571, 152], [1572, 199], [1573, 191], [1574, 219], [1575, 229], [1576, 167], [1577, 169], [1578, 219], [1579, 181], [1580, 246], [1581, 203], [1582, 197], [1583, 191], [1584, 222], [1585, 238], [1586, 211], [1587, 219], [1588, 230], [1589, 229], [1590, 239], [1591, 217], [1592, 239], [1593, 198], [1594, 177], [1595, 224], [1596, 232], [1597, 225], [1598, 271], [1599, 255], [1600, 365], [1601, 213], [1602, 231], [1603, 267], [1604, 270], [1605, 285], [1606, 276], [1607, 278], [1608, 263], [1609, 299], [1610, 288], [1611, 272], [1612, 287], [1613, 319], [1614, 260], [1615, 328], [1616, 281], [1617, 290], [1618, 353], [1619, 328], [1620, 331], [1621, 287], [1622, 306], [1623, 270], [1624, 327], [1625, 320], [1626, 276], [1627, 277], [1628, 288], [1629, 268], [1630, 323], [1631, 340], [1632, 277], [1633, 326], [1634, 304], [1635, 321], [1636, 268], [1637, 246], [1638, 299], [1639, 293], [1640, 359], [1641, 517], [1642, 508], [1643, 367], [1644, 349], [1645, 296], [1646, 291], [1647, 365], [1648, 406], [1649, 484], [1650, 574], [1651, 466], [1652, 411], [1653, 468], [1654, 481], [1655, 446], [1656, 412], [1657, 485], [1658, 514], [1659, 553], [1660, 658], [1661, 556], [1662, 505], [1663, 383], [1664, 464], [1665, 434], [1666, 324], [1667, 328], [1668, 447], [1669, 435], [1670, 524], [1671, 454], [1672, 512], [1673, 465], [1674, 505], [1675, 534], [1676, 499], [1677, 472], [1678, 529], [1679, 561], [1680, 647], [1681, 570], [1682, 555], [1683, 581], [1684, 600], [1685, 608], [1686, 435], [1687, 516], [1688, 599], [1689, 574], [1690, 598], [1691, 542], [1692, 532], [1693, 580], [1694, 547], [1695, 632], [1696, 661], [1697, 589], [1698, 579], [1699, 593], [1700, 922], [1701, 286], [1702, 328], [1703, 279], [1704, 264], [1705, 335], [1706, 265], [1707, 358], [1708, 301], [1709, 319], [1710, 314], [1711, 296], [1712, 305], [1713, 347], [1714, 370], [1715, 326], [1716, 295], [1717, 309], [1718, 306], [1719, 339], [1720, 382], [1721, 327], [1722, 318], [1723, 364], [1724, 296], [1725, 340], [1726, 352], [1727, 348], [1728, 333], [1729, 352], [1730, 375], [1731, 334], [1732, 310], [1733, 375], [1734, 306], [1735, 339], [1736, 320], [1737, 338], [1738, 391], [1739, 409], [1740, 449], [1741, 375], [1742, 376], [1743, 352], [1744, 369], [1745, 377], [1746, 313], [1747, 362], [1748, 388], [1749, 378], [1750, 539], [1751, 400], [1752, 395], [1753, 480], [1754, 418], [1755, 480], [1756, 463], [1757, 378], [1758, 405], [1759, 472], [1760, 437], [1761, 419], [1762, 433], [1763, 460], [1764, 464], [1765, 458], [1766, 437], [1767, 526], [1768, 504], [1769, 492], [1770, 636], [1771, 558], [1772, 561], [1773, 494], [1774, 551], [1775, 609], [1776, 636], [1777, 590], [1778, 576], [1779, 545], [1780, 569], [1781, 577], [1782, 538], [1783, 623], [1784, 666], [1785, 682], [1786, 681], [1787, 954], [1788, 1149], [1789, 2353], [1790, 2959], [1791, 3114], [1792, 2745], [1793, 2766], [1794, 2030], [1795, 2274], [1796, 1781], [1797, 1915], [1798, 2259], [1799, 2375], [1800, 797], [1801, 218], [1802, 233], [1803, 219], [1804, 179], [1805, 190], [1806, 183], [1807, 215], [1808, 203], [1809, 178], [1810, 195], [1811, 170], [1812, 161], [1813, 164], [1814, 159], [1815, 179], [1816, 155], [1817, 163], [1818, 208], [1819, 165], [1820, 126], [1821, 135], [1822, 159], [1823, 130], [1824, 131], [1825, 143], [1826, 115], [1827, 94], [1828, 130], [1829, 123], [1830, 119], [1831, 107], [1832, 99], [1833, 100], [1834, 95], [1835, 116], [1836, 113], [1837, 116], [1838, 105], [1839, 135], [1840, 143], [1841, 129], [1842, 133], [1843, 169], [1844, 139], [1845, 143], [1846, 128], [1847, 145], [1848, 120], [1849, 117], [1850, 207], [1851, 118], [1852, 154], [1853, 178], [1854, 198], [1855, 174], [1856, 178], [1857, 183], [1858, 154], [1859, 179], [1860, 231], [1861, 150], [1862, 177], [1863, 191], [1864, 187], [1865, 182], [1866, 174], [1867, 202], [1868, 243], [1869, 228], [1870, 158], [1871, 132], [1872, 121], [1873, 102], [1874, 115], [1875, 159], [1876, 145], [1877, 134], [1878, 144], [1879, 150], [1880, 191], [1881, 133], [1882, 149], [1883, 178], [1884, 151], [1885, 178], [1886, 158], [1887, 163], [1888, 190], [1889, 194], [1890, 208], [1891, 179], [1892, 175], [1893, 187], [1894, 156], [1895, 166], [1896, 164], [1897, 160], [1898, 176], [1899, 186], [1900, 655], [1901, 161], [1902, 194], [1903, 206], [1904, 173], [1905, 194], [1906, 189], [1907, 202], [1908, 194], [1909, 189], [1910, 220], [1911, 185], [1912, 227], [1913, 178], [1914, 184], [1915, 142], [1916, 128], [1917, 90], [1918, 80], [1919, 103], [1920, 158], [1921, 151], [1922, 186], [1923, 193], [1924, 194], [1925, 206], [1926, 187], [1927, 239], [1928, 276], [1929, 239], [1930, 276], [1931, 242], [1932, 181], [1933, 209], [1934, 208], [1935, 218], [1936, 212], [1937, 230], [1938, 204], [1939, 191], [1940, 195], [1941, 144], [1942, 177], [1943, 156], [1944, 170], [1945, 168], [1946, 201], [1947, 217], [1948, 263], [1949, 261], [1950, 357], [1951, 308], [1952, 321], [1953, 300], [1954, 296], [1955, 390], [1956, 427], [1957, 335], [1958, 370], [1959, 434], [1960, 535], [1961, 487], [1962, 526], [1963, 606], [1964, 746], [1965, 741], [1966, 931], [1967, 993], [1968, 1067], [1969, 1192], [1970, 1450], [1971, 1088], [1972, 1100], [1973, 1129], [1974, 863], [1975, 851], [1976, 949], [1977, 1036], [1978, 1040], [1979, 1157], [1980, 1403], [1981, 1099], [1982, 1359], [1983, 1705], [1984, 1775], [1985, 1867], [1986, 1467], [1987, 1544], [1988, 1524], [1989, 1327], [1990, 1421], [1991, 1430], [1992, 1490], [1993, 1411], [1994, 1403], [1995, 1464], [1996, 1569], [1997, 1617], [1998, 1682], [1999, 1732], [2000, 1840], [2001, 1822], [2002, 1884], [2003, 2001], [2004, 2222], [2005, 1993], [2006, 2032], [2007, 2175], [2008, 1932], [2009, 2163], [2010, 1860], [2011, 1620], [2012, 1556], [2013, 1393], [2014, 1097], [2015, 821], [2016, 744], [2017, 790], [2018, 1099], [2019, 758], [2020, 735], [2021, 690], [2022, 426], [2023, 170], [2024, 30], [2025, 5]]</script> <div class="chart"> <div class="chartYaxis">Editions Published</div> <div id="chartPubHistory" class="thisChart"> <noscript>You need to have JavaScript turned on to see the nifty chart!</noscript> </div> <div class="chartXaxis">Year of Publication</div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="head" id="subjectRelated"> <h2>Related...</h2> </div> <div class="contentQuarter link-box link-box--with-header"> <h3 class="black collapse uppercase">Subjects</h3> <span class="subject"> <a href="/subjects/history">History</a>, <a href="/subjects/sources">Sources</a>, <a href="/subjects/politics_and_government">Politics and government</a>, <a href="/subjects/description_and_travel">Description and travel</a>, <a href="/subjects/doctrines">Doctrines</a>, <a href="/subjects/catholic_church">Catholic Church</a>, <a href="/subjects/bible">Bible</a>, <a href="/subjects/biography">Biography</a>, <a href="/subjects/islam">Islam</a>, <a href="/subjects/commentaries">Commentaries</a>, <a href="/subjects/france">France</a>, <a href="/subjects/medicine">Medicine</a>, <a href="/subjects/controversial_literature">Controversial literature</a>, <a href="/subjects/sermons">Sermons</a>, <a href="/subjects/economic_aspects">Economic aspects</a>, <a href="/subjects/theology">Theology</a>, <a href="/subjects/conduct_of_life">Conduct of life</a>, <a href="/subjects/law_and_legislation">Law and legislation</a>, <a href="/subjects/hadith">Hadith</a>, <a href="/subjects/christian_life">Christian life</a> </span> </div> <div class="contentQuarter link-box link-box--with-header"> <h3 class="black collapse uppercase">Places</h3> <span class="subject"> <a href="/subjects/place:france">France</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:great_britain">Great Britain</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:england">England</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:china">China</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:united_states">United States</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:spain">Spain</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:europe">Europe</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:scotland">Scotland</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:america">America</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:india">India</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:islamic_empire">Islamic Empire</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:ireland">Ireland</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:london">London</a>, <a href="/subjects/place:paris_(france)">Paris (France)</a> </span> </div> <div class="contentQuarter link-box link-box--with-header"> <h3 class="black collapse uppercase">People</h3> <span class="subject"> <a href="/subjects/person:jesus_christ">Jesus Christ</a>, <a href="/subjects/person:aristotle">Aristotle</a>, <a href="/subjects/person:louis_xvi_king_of_france_(1754-1793)">Louis XVI King of France (1754-1793)</a>, <a href="/subjects/person:mary_blessed_virgin_saint">Mary Blessed Virgin, Saint</a>, <a href="/subjects/person:muḥammad_prophet_(-632)">Muḥammad Prophet (-632)</a>, <a href="/subjects/person:muḥammad_prophet_(d._632)">Muḥammad Prophet (d. 632)</a>, <a href="/subjects/person:charles_i_king_of_england_(1600-1649)">Charles I King of England (1600-1649)</a>, <a href="/subjects/person:thomas_aquinas_saint_(1225-1274)">Thomas Aquinas, Saint (1225?-1274)</a>, <a href="/subjects/person:martin_luther_(1483-1546)">Martin Luther (1483-1546)</a>, <a href="/subjects/person:plato">Plato</a> </span> </div> <div class="contentQuarter link-box link-box--with-header"> <h3 class="black collapse uppercase">Times</h3> <span class="subject"> <a href="/subjects/time:revolution_1789-1799">Revolution, 1789-1799</a>, <a href="/subjects/time:18th_century">18th century</a>, <a href="/subjects/time:17th_century">17th century</a>, <a href="/subjects/time:1789-1799">1789-1799</a>, <a href="/subjects/time:directory_1795-1799">Directory, 1795-1799</a>, <a href="/subjects/time:16th_century">16th century</a>, <a href="/subjects/time:early_works_to_1800">Early works to 1800</a>, <a href="/subjects/time:early_church_ca._30-600">Early church, ca. 30-600</a>, <a href="/subjects/time:reign_of_terror_1793-1794">Reign of Terror, 1793-1794</a>, <a href="/subjects/time:middle_ages_600-1500">Middle Ages, 600-1500</a> </span> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div id="resultsAuthors" class="widget-box"> <div class="head"> <h3>Prolific Authors</h3> <div class="smallest lightgreen sansserif">who have written the most books on this subject</div> </div> <div class="unordered"> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL7361733A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">France. Convention nationale</a>, </span> <span class="count">1071 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL1422878A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">France. Sovereign (1774-1792 : Louis XVI)</a>, </span> <span class="count">960 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL66601A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Martin Luther</a>, </span> <span class="count">536 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL4768277A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">England and Wales</a>, </span> <span class="count">532 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL22060A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Augustine of Hippo</a>, </span> <span class="count">427 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL38373A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">France</a>, </span> <span class="count">408 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL38887A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Thomas Aquinas</a>, </span> <span class="count">354 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL1422556A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">France. Directoire exécutif.</a>, </span> <span class="count">342 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL7447A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Catholic Church</a>, </span> <span class="count">325 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL4104A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Suyūṭī</a>, </span> <span class="count">297 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL1471A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">al-Ghazzālī</a>, </span> <span class="count">268 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL28743A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Cicero</a>, </span> <span class="count">267 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL256764A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">France. Conseil d'Etat</a>, </span> <span class="count">264 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL63387A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Church of England</a>, </span> <span class="count">233 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL45280A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Moses Maimonides</a>, </span> <span class="count">201 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL22105A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Aristotle</a>, </span> <span class="count">194 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL58120A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Plutarch</a>, </span> <span class="count">188 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL80252A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Euclid</a>, </span> <span class="count">185 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL7192873A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">England and Wales. Parliament</a>, </span> <span class="count">181 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL16461A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Avicenna</a>, </span> <span class="count">176 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL4712881A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Great Britain</a>, </span> <span class="count">171 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL53336A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Desiderius Erasmus</a>, </span> <span class="count">171 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL5991199A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Miscellaneous Pamphlet Collection (Library of Congress)</a>, </span> <span class="count">168 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL1287184A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Galileo Galilei</a>, </span> <span class="count">159 books</span> <br/> <span class="tag"> <a href="/authors/OL3845A" title="See more books by, and learn about, this author">Ibn Taymiyyah</a>, </span> <span class="count">158 books</span> <br/> </div> </div> <div class="spacer"></div> <div class="section clearfix"></div> </div> </div> <!--For analytics--> <div class="clearfix"></div> <footer> <div id="footer-content" > <div id="footer-links"> <div> <h2>Open Library</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/about/vision">Vision</a></li> <li><a href="/volunteer">Volunteer</a></li> <li><a href="/partner-with-us">Partner With Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://archive.org/about/jobs.php" title="Jobs">Careers</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.openlibrary.org/">Blog</a></li> <li><a href="https://archive.org/about/terms.php">Terms of Service</a></li> <li><a href="https://archive.org/donate/?platform=ol&origin=olwww-TopNavDonateButton">Donate</a></li> </ul> </div> <div> <h2>Discover</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/" title="Go home">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/search" title="Explore Books">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/search/authors" title="Explore authors">Authors</a></li> <li><a href="/subjects" title="Explore subjects">Subjects</a></li> <li><a href="/collections" title="Explore collections">Collections</a></li> <li><a href="/advancedsearch" title="Advanced Search">Advanced Search</a></li> <li><a href="#top" title="Navigate to top of this page">Return to Top</a></li> </ul> </div> <div> <h2>Develop</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/developers" title="Explore Open Library Developer Center">Developer Center</a></li> <li><a href="/developers/api" title="Explore Open Library APIs">API Documentation</a></li> <li><a href="/developers/dumps" title="Bulk Open Library data">Bulk Data Dumps</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/internetarchive/openlibrary/wiki/Writing-Bots" title="Write a bot">Writing Bots</a></li> </ul> </div> <div> <h2>Help</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/help">Help Center</a></li> <li><a href="mailto:openlibrary@archive.org?subject=Support Case" title="Contact">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="/help/faq/editing" title="Suggest Edits">Suggesting Edits</a></li> <li><a href="/books/add" title="Add a new book to Open Library">Add a Book</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/internetarchive/openlibrary/releases" title="Release Notes">Release Notes</a></li> </ul> <aside> <a class="footer-icon" title="Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/OpenLibrary"><img src="/static/images/tweet.svg" alt="" loading="lazy"></a> <a class="footer-icon" title="GitHub" href="https://github.com/internetarchive/openlibrary"><img src="/static/images/github.svg" alt="" loading="lazy"></a> </aside> </div> <div> <h2>Change Website Language</h2> <ul class="locale-options "> <li><a href="#" lang="cs" data-lang-id="cs" title="Czech">Čeština (cs)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="de" data-lang-id="de" title="German">Deutsch (de)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="en" data-lang-id="en" title="English">English (en)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="es" data-lang-id="es" title="Spanish">Español (es)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="fr" data-lang-id="fr" title="French">Français (fr)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="hr" data-lang-id="hr" title="Croatian">Hrvatski (hr)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="it" data-lang-id="it" title="Italian">Italiano (it)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="pt" data-lang-id="pt" title="Portuguese">Português (pt)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="hi" data-lang-id="hi" title="Hindi">हिंदी (hi)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="sc" data-lang-id="sc" title="Sardinian">Sardu (sc)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="te" data-lang-id="te" title="Telugu">తెలుగు (te)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="uk" data-lang-id="uk" title="Ukrainian">Українська (uk)</a></li> <li><a href="#" lang="zh" data-lang-id="zh" title="Chinese">中文 (zh)</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <hr> <div id="footer-details"> <img id="archive-logo" src="/static/images/pantheon.png" alt="Open Library logo" loading="lazy"> <div id="legal-details" > <span>Open Library is an initiative of the <a href="//archive.org/">Internet Archive</a>, a 501(c)(3) non-profit, building a digital library of Internet sites and other cultural artifacts in digital form. Other <a href="//archive.org/projects/">projects</a> include the <a href="//archive.org/web/">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="//archive.org/">archive.org</a> and <a href="//archive-it.org">archive-it.org</a></span> </div> <div id="version-details"> <span class="version">version <a href="https://github.com/internetarchive/openlibrary/commit/45a0122">45a0122</a></span> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <script src="/cdn/archive.org/analytics.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/static/build/all.js?v=a73cfa9d42a0f061e2777a2207e24a8c" type="text/javascript"></script> <!-- Passes total_time for analytics to ol.analytics.js --> <div class="analytics-stats-time-calculator" data-time="1010.1990699768066"></div> </body> </html>