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<button aria-controls="toc-Ideology_and_platform-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ideology and platform subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ideology_and_platform-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leadership_and_president" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leadership_and_president"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Leadership and president</span> </div> </a> <button 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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Electoral results</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Electoral_results-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Electoral results subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Electoral_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dáil_Éireann" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dáil_Éireann"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Dáil Éireann</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dáil_Éireann-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidential_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidential_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Presidential elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidential_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>European Parliament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Front_bench" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Front_bench"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Front bench</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Front_bench-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ógra_Fianna_Fáil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ógra_Fianna_Fáil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Ógra Fianna Fáil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ógra_Fianna_Fáil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fianna_Fáil_and_Northern_Ireland_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fianna_Fáil_and_Northern_Ireland_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Fianna Fáil and Northern Ireland politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fianna_Fáil_and_Northern_Ireland_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Representation_in_European_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Representation_in_European_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Representation in European institutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Representation_in_European_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fianna Fáil</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 48 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7_%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%84" title="فيانا فايل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيانا فايل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB" title="Фиана Файл – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фиана Файл" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Fianna Fáil" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fianna Fáil" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fianna Fáil" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Fianna Fáil" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fianna Fáil" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fianna Fáil" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Fianna Fáil" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%AF%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1_%CE%A6%CE%B1%CE%BB" title="Φίανα Φαλ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φίανα Φαλ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fianna Fáil" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soldatoj_de_Irlando" title="Soldatoj de Irlando – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Soldatoj de Irlando" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fianna Fáil" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7_%D9%81%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84" title="فیانا فایل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فیانا فایل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fianna Fáil" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fianna Fáil" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Fianna Fáil" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Fianna Fáil" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Fianna Fáil" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%BC%EC%96%B4%EB%84%88_%ED%8C%94" title="피어너 팔 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="피어너 팔" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Fianna Fáil" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Fianna Fáil" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fianna Fáil" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fianna Fáil" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C" title="פיאנה פול – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פיאנה פול" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fianna Fáil" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7_%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%84" title="فيانا فايل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيانا فايل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Fianna Fáil" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fianna Fáil" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%85%9A_(%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89)" title="共和党 (アイルランド) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="共和党 (アイルランド)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fianna Fáil" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fianna Fáil" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fianna Fáil" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fianna Fáil" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB" title="Фианна Файл – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фианна Файл" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Fianna Fáil" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Fianna Fáil" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Fianna Fáil" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Fianna Fáil" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Фијана Фол – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Фијана Фол" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Fianna Fáil" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Fianna Fáil" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fianna Fáil" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB" title="Фианна Файл – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Фианна Файл" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fianna Fáil" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB" title="Фіанна Файл – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фіанна Файл" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84" title="فیئینا فائل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فیئینا فائل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E9%BB%A8_(%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E8%98%AD)" title="共和黨 (愛爾蘭) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="共和黨 (愛爾蘭)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Irish political party</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #66BB66; border-bottom:2px solid #66BB66; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Fianna Fáil – The Republican Party</div> <div style="font-size: 0.8em; padding-top:0.3em;" class="nickname" lang="ga">Fianna Fáil – An Páirtí Poblachtánach</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_Fianna_F%C3%A1il.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/46/Logo_of_the_Fianna_F%C3%A1il.svg/250px-Logo_of_the_Fianna_F%C3%A1il.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/46/Logo_of_the_Fianna_F%C3%A1il.svg/375px-Logo_of_the_Fianna_F%C3%A1il.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/46/Logo_of_the_Fianna_F%C3%A1il.svg/500px-Logo_of_the_Fianna_F%C3%A1il.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="509" data-file-height="90" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Leader of Fianna Fáil">Leader</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Miche%C3%A1l_Martin" title="Micheál Martin">Micheál Martin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Deputy leader</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Chambers_(politician)" title="Jack Chambers (politician)">Jack Chambers</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">General Secretary</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Dorgan" title="Seán Dorgan">Seán Dorgan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Chairperson</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Smith_(politician)" title="Brendan Smith (politician)">Brendan Smith</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Seanad leader</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Chambers" title="Lisa Chambers">Lisa Chambers</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera">Éamon de Valera</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">16 May 1926<span class="noprint">; 98 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1926-05-16</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Split from</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;">65–66 <a href="/wiki/Mount_Street_Lower" title="Mount Street Lower">Mount Street Lower</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, Ireland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Youth_wing" title="Youth wing">Youth wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%93gra_Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Ógra Fianna Fáil">Ógra Fianna Fáil</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">LGBT wing</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Fianna Fáil LGBTQI+ Network<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Membership <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2024)</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>15,000<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a><sup id="cite_ref-Budge_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Budge-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_republicanism" title="Irish republicanism">Irish republicanism</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">Centre</a> to <a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">centre-right</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/European_political_party" title="European political party">European affiliation</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party">Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe</a><sup id="ref_a" class="reference"><a href="#cnote_a">[a]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Political groups of the European Parliament">European Parliament group</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Renew_Europe" title="Renew Europe">Renew Europe</a><sup id="ref_b" class="reference"><a href="#cnote_b">[b]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">International affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_International" title="Liberal International">Liberal International</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colours</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#029439; color:black;"> </span> Green (official)</li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#66BB66; color:black;"> </span> Light green (customary)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Anthem</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align: center;">"We'll Be There"<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="140" style="width:140px;" data-durationhint="64" data-mwtitle="We'll_Be_There.ogg" data-mwprovider="local"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/48/We%27ll_Be_There.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/transcoded/4/48/We%27ll_Be_There.ogg/We%27ll_Be_There.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann">Dáil Éireann</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">35 / 160</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #66BB66; width: 22%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Seanad Éireann">Seanad Éireann</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">20 / 60</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #66BB66; width: 33%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 14</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #66BB66; width: 29%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Local government in the Republic of Ireland">Local government</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">246 / 949</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #66BB66; width: 26%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fiannafail.ie/">www<wbr />.fiannafail<wbr />.ie</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216517#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #66BB66;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Politics of the Republic of Ireland">Politics of the Republic of Ireland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="List of political parties in the Republic of Ireland">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Elections in the Republic of Ireland">Elections</a></li></ul></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; margin-top:0.2em; padding-top:0.2em; border-top: 1px solid #aaa;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Politics of Northern Ireland">Politics of Northern Ireland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Northern_Ireland" title="List of political parties in Northern Ireland">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Elections in Northern Ireland">Elections</a></li></ul></div><hr /><span id="cnote_a"><b><a href="#ref_a">^</a></b></span> <b>a:</b> previously a member of the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Europe_of_the_Nations" title="Alliance for Europe of the Nations">Alliance for Europe of the Nations</a> (2002–09)<br /><span id="cnote_b"><b><a href="#ref_b">^</a></b></span> <b>b:</b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/European_Progressive_Democrats" title="European Progressive Democrats">EPD group</a> from 1973 to 1984, the <a href="/wiki/European_Democratic_Alliance" title="European Democratic Alliance">EDA group</a> from 1984 to 1995, the <a href="/wiki/Union_for_Europe" title="Union for Europe">UfE group</a> from 1995 to 1999, the <a href="/wiki/Union_for_Europe_of_the_Nations" title="Union for Europe of the Nations">UEN group</a> from 1999 to 2009, and the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_group" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe group">ALDE group</a> from 2009 to 2014.<br /></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Fianna Fáil</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span></span>(<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>)<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/ɔɪ/: 'oi' in 'choice'">ɔɪ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span>-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/ɔː/: 'au' in 'fraud'">ɔː</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/79\/Ga-Fianna_F%C3%A1il.ogg\/Ga-Fianna_F%C3%A1il.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Ga-Fianna F\u00e1il.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/79/Ga-Fianna_F%C3%A1il.ogg/Ga-Fianna_F%C3%A1il.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Ga-Fianna_F%C3%A1il.ogg" title="File:Ga-Fianna Fáil.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">FEE</span>-(ə-)nə <span style="font-size:90%">FOYL</span>, -⁠<span style="font-size:90%">FAWL</span></i></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Irish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ga-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Irish" title="Help:IPA/Irish">[ˌfʲiən̪ˠə<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈfˠaːlʲ]</a></span>; meaning "Soldiers of Destiny" or "Warriors of <a href="/wiki/Inis_F%C3%A1il" class="mw-redirect" title="Inis Fáil">Fál</a>"),<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> officially <b>Fianna Fáil – The Republican Party</b><sup id="cite_ref-BudgeRobertson1987_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BudgeRobertson1987-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>: <i lang="ga">Fianna Fáil – An Páirtí Poblachtánach</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-Banchoff1999_127_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Banchoff1999_127-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">centre</a> to <a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">centre-right</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="List of political parties in the Republic of Ireland">political party</a> in <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>. Ideological classifications of the party vary; the party is commonly referred to as <a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">conservative</a>, though it has also been described as <a href="/wiki/Christian_democratic" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian democratic">Christian democratic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberal</a> or ideologically ambiguous. </p><p>The party was founded as a <a href="/wiki/Irish_republicanism" title="Irish republicanism">republican</a> party in 1926 by <a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera">Éamon de Valera</a> and his supporters after they split from <a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a> in order to take seats in the <a href="/wiki/Oireachtas_(Irish_Free_State)" title="Oireachtas (Irish Free State)">Oireachtas</a>, which Sinn Féin refused to recognise.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 1927, Fianna Fáil has been one of Ireland's two major parties, along with <a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">Fine Gael</a> since 1933; both are seen as centre-right parties, to the right of the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Labour Party (Ireland)">Labour Party</a> and Sinn Féin. The party dominated Irish political life for most of the 20th century, and, since its foundation, either it or Fine Gael has led every government. Between 1932 and 2011, it was the largest party in <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann">Dáil Éireann</a>, but latterly with a decline in its vote share; from 1989 onwards, its periods of government were in coalition with parties of either the left or the right. </p><p>Fianna Fáil's vote collapsed in the <a href="/wiki/2011_Irish_general_election" title="2011 Irish general election">2011 general election</a>; it emerged in third place, in what was widely seen as a political realignment in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Post-2008_Irish_economic_downturn" title="Post-2008 Irish economic downturn">post-2008 Irish economic downturn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2016, it had recovered enough to become the largest opposition party,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it entered a <a href="/wiki/Confidence_and_supply" title="Confidence and supply">confidence and supply</a> <a href="/wiki/2016_Irish_government_formation" title="2016 Irish government formation">arrangement</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_32nd_D%C3%A1il" title="Government of the 32nd Dáil">Fine Gael–led minority government</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020, after a number of months of political stalemate following the <a href="/wiki/2020_Irish_general_election" title="2020 Irish general election">general election</a>, Fianna Fáil agreed with Fine Gael and the <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Ireland)" title="Green Party (Ireland)">Green Party</a> to enter into an unprecedented coalition, with the leaders of Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael rotating between the roles of <a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">Taoiseach</a> and <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1naiste" title="Tánaiste">Tánaiste</a>. </p><p>Fianna Fáil is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party">Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and of <a href="/wiki/Liberal_International" title="Liberal International">Liberal International</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From February 2019 to September 2022, Fianna Fáil was in partnership with the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_and_Labour_Party" title="Social Democratic and Labour Party">Social Democratic and Labour Party</a> in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-end_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-end-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fianna_F%C3%A1il&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="History of Fianna Fáil">History of Fianna Fáil</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_De_Valera_and_his_Cabinet_(Poster).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/President_De_Valera_and_his_Cabinet_%28Poster%29.jpg/220px-President_De_Valera_and_his_Cabinet_%28Poster%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/President_De_Valera_and_his_Cabinet_%28Poster%29.jpg/330px-President_De_Valera_and_his_Cabinet_%28Poster%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/President_De_Valera_and_his_Cabinet_%28Poster%29.jpg/440px-President_De_Valera_and_his_Cabinet_%28Poster%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2198" /></a><figcaption>1932 Fianna Fáil poster featuring many of the founding members of the party such as <a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera">de Valera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Lemass" title="Seán Lemass">Lemass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Aiken" title="Frank Aiken">Aiken</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Boland" title="Gerald Boland">Boland</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fianna_F%C3%A1il_logo_circa_1970s,_1980s.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Fianna_F%C3%A1il_logo_circa_1970s%2C_1980s.png/220px-Fianna_F%C3%A1il_logo_circa_1970s%2C_1980s.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Fianna_F%C3%A1il_logo_circa_1970s%2C_1980s.png/330px-Fianna_F%C3%A1il_logo_circa_1970s%2C_1980s.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Fianna_F%C3%A1il_logo_circa_1970s%2C_1980s.png/440px-Fianna_F%C3%A1il_logo_circa_1970s%2C_1980s.png 2x" data-file-width="1007" data-file-height="1016" /></a><figcaption>Logo of Fianna Fáil in the 1970s and 1980s</figcaption></figure> <p>Fianna Fáil was founded by <a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera">Éamon de Valera</a>, a former leader of <a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The previous year, de Valera proposed a motion calling for elected members to be allowed to take their seats in <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann">Dáil Éireann</a> if and when the controversial <a href="/wiki/Oath_of_Allegiance_(Ireland)" title="Oath of Allegiance (Ireland)">Oath of Allegiance</a> was removed. It failed to pass at the Sinn Féin <a href="/wiki/Ardfheis" title="Ardfheis">Ard Fheis</a>, leading de Valera and a number of other members, including most of Sinn Féin's parliamentary talent, to split from Sinn Féin.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His new party adopted its name on 2 April of the same year. While it was also opposed to the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish_Treaty" title="Anglo-Irish Treaty">Treaty settlement</a>, it rejected abstentionism, instead aiming to republicanise the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a> from within. Fianna Fáil's platform of economic <a href="/wiki/Autarky" title="Autarky">autarky</a> had appeal among the farmers, working-class people and the poor, while alienating more affluent classes.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It largely pre-empted voters of the aforementioned groups from the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Labour Party (Ireland)">Labour Party</a> (with its almost identical economic and social policy) following its entry into the Dáil in 1927.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fianna Fáil would go on to style themselves for several decades as "the real Labour Party."<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cumann na nGaedheal sought to exploit the notion that Fianna Fáil was a party in thrall to communists. During the 1932 general election campaign, Cumann na nGaedheal declared in a newspaper advert that "the gunmen and Communists are voting for Fianna Fáil today – vote for the Government party." However, Fianna Fáil won the election,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> forming its first government on 9 March 1932. It was in power for 61 of the 79 years between then and the election of 2011. Its longest continuous period in office was its first, 15 years and 11 months (March 1932 – February 1948). Its longest single period out of office in the 20th century was four years and four months (March 1973 – July 1977). All of the party's leaders have served as <a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">Taoiseach</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The party's most dominant era was the 41-year period between 1932 and 1973, when party leaders Éamon de Valera, <a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Lemass" title="Seán Lemass">Seán Lemass</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jack_Lynch" title="Jack Lynch">Jack Lynch</a> served as Taoiseach in an almost unbroken chain save for two three-year stints by <a href="/wiki/John_A._Costello" title="John A. Costello">John A. Costello</a>. De Valera's reign is acknowledged for having successfully guided Ireland through World War II unscathed but is criticised for leaving Ireland in economic and cultural stagnation.<sup id="cite_ref-Ferriter,_2007_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ferriter,_2007-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His successors such as Lemass however were able to turn around Ireland's economic fortunes as well as primed the country for entry into the <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">European Economic Community</a>, later the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Haughey,_1990.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Charles_Haughey%2C_1990.jpg/220px-Charles_Haughey%2C_1990.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Charles_Haughey%2C_1990.jpg/330px-Charles_Haughey%2C_1990.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Charles_Haughey%2C_1990.jpg/440px-Charles_Haughey%2C_1990.jpg 2x" data-file-width="457" data-file-height="611" /></a><figcaption>Charles Haughey led the party from 1979 to 1992 and is posthumously regarded as a controversial figure.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Fianna Fáil's fortunes began to falter in the 1970s and 1980s. In 1970 the <a href="/wiki/Arms_Crisis" title="Arms Crisis">Arms Crisis</a> threatened to split the entire party in two when Fianna Fáil cabinet ministers <a href="/wiki/Charles_Haughey" title="Charles Haughey">Charles Haughey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neil_Blaney" title="Neil Blaney">Neil Blaney</a> were dismissed by Jack Lynch after being accused of seeking to provide arms to the newly emergent <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Provisional Irish Republican Army">Provisional Irish Republican Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Factional infighting over Northern Ireland, economics and the "moral issues" such as the legalization of divorce, abortion, and contraception plagued the party in this era and grew particularly intense when Charles Haughey later became party leader.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under Haughey, Fianna Fáil lost both the <a href="/wiki/1981_Irish_general_election" title="1981 Irish general election">1981 general election</a> and <a href="/wiki/November_1982_Irish_general_election" title="November 1982 Irish general election">November 1982 general election</a> to <a href="/wiki/Garret_FitzGerald" title="Garret FitzGerald">Garret FitzGerald</a>'s Fine Gael during a particularly chaotic time in Ireland's political and economic history. Numerous failed internal attempts to oust Haughey as leader of the party culminated in the most significant split in the party's history when a large portion of the membership walked out to create the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Democrats_(Ireland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Democrats (Ireland)">Progressive Democrats</a> in 1985, under the leadership of Haughey archrival <a href="/wiki/Desmond_O%27Malley" title="Desmond O'Malley">Desmond O'Malley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_34-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Haughey was forced to resign as Taoiseach and party leader in 1992 following revelations about his role in <a href="/wiki/Irish_phone_tapping_scandal" title="Irish phone tapping scandal">a phone tapping scandal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the two parties had seemed poised to be bitter enemies owing to the personal conflicts between the memberships, from 1989 onwards Fianna Fáil and the Progressive Democrats served repeatedly in coalition governments together, helping to stabilise Fianna Fáil. In 1994 Fianna Fáil came under the new leadership of Haughey protégé <a href="/wiki/Bertie_Ahern" title="Bertie Ahern">Bertie Ahern</a>, who also became Taoiseach in 1997. Under Ahern, Fianna Fáil was able to claim credit for helping to broker the <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_Agreement" title="Good Friday Agreement">Good Friday Agreement</a> in 1998 which began the peace process in Northern Ireland, as well the economic upswing caused by the <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Tiger" title="Celtic Tiger">Celtic Tiger</a> which saw Ireland's economy boom during the 2000s.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_34-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this momentum came to a sharp and sudden halt following two events. Firstly, Ahern was forced to resign as Taoiseach and left the party in 2008 following revelations made in the <a href="/wiki/Mahon_Tribunal" title="Mahon Tribunal">Mahon Tribunal</a> that Ahern had accepted money from property developers.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_34-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Secondly, the party, which was still in government under a new leader and Taoiseach <a href="/wiki/Brian_Cowen" title="Brian Cowen">Brian Cowen</a>, was held responsible for the effects of the <a href="/wiki/Post-2008_Irish_economic_downturn" title="Post-2008 Irish economic downturn">post-2008 Irish economic downturn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-liquidate_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-liquidate-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party's popularity crashed: an opinion poll on 27 February 2009 indicated that only 10% of voters were satisfied with the Government's performance.<sup id="cite_ref-10%_satisfied_with_Govt_performance_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10%_satisfied_with_Govt_performance-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2011_Irish_general_election" title="2011 Irish general election">2011 general election</a>, it suffered the worst defeat of a sitting government in the history of the Irish state.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_National_UAE_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_National_UAE-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This loss was described as "historic" in its proportions<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "unthinkable".<sup id="cite_ref-liquidate_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-liquidate-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party sank from being the largest in the Dáil to the third-largest,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> losing 58 of its 78 seats.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This broke 79 consecutive years of Fianna Fáil being the largest single party in the Dáil. That election took place with <a href="/wiki/Miche%C3%A1l_Martin" title="Micheál Martin">Micheál Martin</a> as leader, as Cowen had resigned as party leader in January 2011, although retained his role as Taoiseach until the election.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cowen's premiership was sharply criticised in the media, with <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Times" title="The Sunday Times">The Sunday Times</a></i> describing Cowen's tenure as Taoiseach as "a dismal failure"<sup id="cite_ref-stepaside_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stepaside-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 2011 the <i><a href="/wiki/Irish_Independent" title="Irish Independent">Irish Independent</a></i> calling Cowen the "worst Taoiseach in the history of the State."<sup id="cite_ref-worstweek_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-worstweek-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recent_history">Recent history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fianna_F%C3%A1il&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Recent history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Martin continued to lead Fianna Fáil past 2011; In the <a href="/wiki/2016_Irish_general_election" title="2016 Irish general election">2016 general election</a> Martin's Fianna Fáil made a moderate recovery while Fine Gael retained control of the government as a <a href="/wiki/Minority_government" title="Minority government">minority government</a>, made possible by a <a href="/wiki/Confidence_and_supply" title="Confidence and supply">confidence and supply</a> agreement with Fianna Fáíl.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018 the party was divided internally over how the party would handle that year's <a href="/wiki/Thirty-sixth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_Ireland" title="Thirty-sixth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland">referendum on the Eighth Amendment</a>, the provision in the Irish constitution which forbade <a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">abortion</a>, with a significant portion of both the parliamentary party and the ordinary membership in favour of a No vote. Leader Micheál Martin signalled his own desire for a Yes vote,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but was unable to bring the party under one stance, and ultimately more than half of Fianna Fáil's TDs campaigned for a No vote.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-l294_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-l294-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On polling day the Yes side won, 66% to 33%. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/2020_Irish_general_election" title="2020 Irish general election">2020 general election</a>, for the first time in history, Fianna Fáil entered into a coalition government with its traditional rival Fine Gael, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Ireland)" title="Green Party (Ireland)">Green Party</a>, ending its longest period out of government since its formation. Under the agreement, Fianna Fáil leader Micheál Martin served as <a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">Taoiseach</a> for the first half of the parliamentary term.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same year a number of Fianna Fáil members were involved in the "<a href="/wiki/Golfgate" class="mw-redirect" title="Golfgate">Golfgate</a>" scandal, an event that ultimately led to the resignation of Fianna Fáil deputy leader <a href="/wiki/Dara_Calleary" title="Dara Calleary">Dara Calleary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2021 Fianna Fáil suffered what a number of sources suggested might have been the single worst result in its history when the party polled extremely poorly in the <a href="/wiki/2021_Dublin_Bay_South_by-election" title="2021 Dublin Bay South by-election">2021 Dublin Bay South by-election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Taoiseach_not_concerned_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taoiseach_not_concerned-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Politico_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Politico-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The result prompted <a href="/wiki/Jim_O%27Callaghan" title="Jim O'Callaghan">Jim O'Callaghan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cathal_Crowe" title="Cathal Crowe">Cathal Crowe</a> to question whether Martin should lead the party into its next general election.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RTE_Cowen_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RTE_Cowen-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2023, former leader Bertie Ahern rejoined the party, having left in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the course of 2024, several sitting Fianna Fáil councillors and former party members left to join the right-wing <a href="/wiki/Independent_Ireland" title="Independent Ireland">Independent Ireland</a> party.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisation_and_structure">Organisation and structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fianna_F%C3%A1il&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Organisation and structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fianna Fáil uses a structure called a cumann system. The basic unit was the <i><a href="/wiki/Cumann" title="Cumann">cumann</a></i> (branch); these were grouped into <i>comhairlí ceantair</i> (district branches) and a <i>comhairle dáil ceantair</i> (constituency branch) in every constituency.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party claimed that in 2005 they had 50,000 registered names, but only an estimated 10,000–15,000 members were considered active.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, from the early 1990s onward, the <i>cumann</i> structure was weakened. Every <i>cumann</i> was entitled to three votes to selection conventions irrespective of its size; hence, a large number of <i>cumainn</i> had become in effect "paper <i>cumainn</i>", the only use of which was to ensure an aspiring or sitting candidate got enough votes.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although this phenomenon was nothing new (the most famous example being <a href="/wiki/Neil_Blaney" title="Neil Blaney">Neil Blaney</a>'s "Donegal Mafia").<sup id="cite_ref-komito_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-komito-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the 2007 election, the party's structure has significantly weakened. This was in part exacerbated by significant infighting between candidates in the run-up to the 2011 general election.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>The Irish Times</i> estimated that half of its 3,000 <i>cumainn</i> were effectively moribund. This fraction rose in <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> with the exception of <a href="/wiki/Dublin_West_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Dublin West (Dáil constituency)">Dublin West</a>, the former seat of both <a href="/wiki/Brian_Lenihan_Snr" title="Brian Lenihan Snr">Brian Lenihan Snr</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brian_Lenihan_Jnr" title="Brian Lenihan Jnr">Brian Lenihan Jnr</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ideology_and_platform">Ideology and platform</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fianna_F%C3%A1il&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ideology and platform"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#169B62; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:150%; font-weight:bold; color:black; line-height:1em;"><a href="/wiki/Irish_republicanism" title="Irish republicanism"><span style="color:white;">Irish republicanism</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Irish_Republic_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Irish_Republic_Flag.svg/122px-Irish_Republic_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="122" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Irish_Republic_Flag.svg/183px-Irish_Republic_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Irish_Republic_Flag.svg/244px-Irish_Republic_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstentionism" title="Abstentionism">Abstentionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armalite_and_ballot_box_strategy" title="Armalite and ballot box strategy">Armalite and ballot box strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissident_republican" title="Dissident republican">Dissident republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ire_Nua" title="Éire Nua">Éire Nua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalism" title="Irish nationalism">Irish nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_republican_legitimism" title="Irish republican legitimism">Irish republican legitimism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Departure_(Ireland)" title="New Departure (Ireland)">New Departure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_radicalism" title="Classical radicalism">Radicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Ireland" title="United Ireland">United Ireland</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1798" title="Irish Rebellion of 1798">Irish Rebellion of 1798</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1800" title="Acts of Union 1800">Acts of Union 1800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_rebellion_of_1803" title="Irish rebellion of 1803">Irish rebellion of 1803</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Ireland_rebellion" title="Young Ireland rebellion">Young Ireland rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenian_Rising" title="Fenian Rising">Fenian Rising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenian_raids" title="Fenian raids">Fenian raids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenian_dynamite_campaign" title="Fenian dynamite campaign">Fenian dynamite campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Rising" title="Easter Rising">Easter Rising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Ireland" title="1918 United Kingdom general election in Ireland">1918 general election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_revolutionary_period" title="Irish revolutionary period">Irish revolutionary period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence" title="Irish War of Independence">Irish War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Civil_War" title="Irish Civil War">Irish Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Irish_general_election" title="1932 Irish general election">1932 general election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-Plan" title="S-Plan">S-Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_campaign_(Irish_Republican_Army)" title="Border campaign (Irish Republican Army)">Border Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Troubles" title="The Troubles">The Troubles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arms_Crisis" title="Arms Crisis">Arms Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Irish_hunger_strike" title="1981 Irish hunger strike">1981 Irish hunger strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_Agreement" title="Good Friday Agreement">Good Friday Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissident_Irish_republican_campaign" title="Dissident Irish republican campaign">Dissident Irish republican campaign</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Adams" title="Gerry Adams">Gerry Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathal_Brugha" title="Cathal Brugha">Cathal Brugha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Blaney" title="Neil Blaney">Neil Blaney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Clarke_(Irish_republican)" title="Tom Clarke (Irish republican)">Tom Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Connolly" title="James Connolly">James Connolly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seamus_Costello" title="Seamus Costello">Seamus Costello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera">Éamon de Valera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Emmet" title="Robert Emmet">Robert Emmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathal_Goulding" title="Cathal Goulding">Cathal Goulding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Kelly_(Irish_nationalist)" title="Thomas J. Kelly (Irish nationalist)">Thomas J. Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Mac_St%C3%ADof%C3%A1in" title="Seán Mac Stíofáin">Seán Mac Stíofáin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_MacBride" title="Seán MacBride">Seán MacBride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terence_MacSwiney" title="Terence MacSwiney">Terence MacSwiney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_Markievicz" title="Constance Markievicz">Constance Markievicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Devlin_McAliskey" title="Bernadette Devlin McAliskey">Bernadette Devlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_McGuinness" title="Martin McGuinness">Martin McGuinness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruair%C3%AD_%C3%93_Br%C3%A1daigh" title="Ruairí Ó Brádaigh">Ruairí Ó Brádaigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1ith%C3%AD_%C3%93_Conaill" title="Dáithí Ó Conaill">Dáithí Ó Conaill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peadar_O%27Donnell" title="Peadar O'Donnell">Peadar O'Donnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_O%27Mahony" title="John O'Mahony">John O'Mahony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Pearse" title="Patrick Pearse">Patrick Pearse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Russell" title="Seán Russell">Seán Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Sands" title="Bobby Sands">Bobby Sands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Stephens_(Fenian)" title="James Stephens (Fenian)">James Stephens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfe_Tone" title="Wolfe Tone">Wolfe Tone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moss_Twomey" title="Moss Twomey">Moss Twomey</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Active parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aont%C3%BA" title="Aontú">Aontú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ir%C3%ADg%C3%AD" title="Éirígí">Éirígí</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fianna Fáil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Socialist_Party" title="Irish Republican Socialist Party">Irish Republican Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Network_for_Unity" title="Republican Network for Unity">Republican Network for Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Republican Sinn Féin">Republican Sinn Féin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saoradh" title="Saoradh">Saoradh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Defunct parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Ireland_Anti-Partition_League" title="All Ireland Anti-Partition League">All Ireland Anti-Partition League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti_H-Block" title="Anti H-Block">Anti H-Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aontacht_%C3%89ireann" title="Aontacht Éireann">Aontacht Éireann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clann_na_Poblachta" title="Clann na Poblachta">Clann na Poblachta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clann_%C3%89ireann" title="Clann Éireann">Clann Éireann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Ireland_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Communist Party of Ireland (Marxist–Leninist)">Communist Party of Ireland (Marxist–Leninist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3ras_na_Poblachta" title="Córas na Poblachta">Córas na Poblachta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumann_na_Poblachta" title="Cumann na Poblachta">Cumann na Poblachta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumann_Poblachta_na_h%C3%89ireann" title="Cumann Poblachta na hÉireann">Cumann Poblachta na hÉireann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fianna_Uladh" title="Fianna Uladh">Fianna Uladh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Independent Fianna Fáil">Independent Fianna Fáil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Anti-Partition_League" title="Irish Anti-Partition League">Irish Anti-Partition League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Independence_Party" title="Irish Independence Party">Irish Independence Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Socialist_Republican_Party" title="Irish Socialist Republican Party">Irish Socialist Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Workers%27_Group_(1976)" title="Irish Workers' Group (1976)">Irish Workers' Group <small>(1976)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Corporate_Party" title="National Corporate Party">National Corporate Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Council_for_Unity" title="Northern Council for Unity">Northern Council for Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Congress" title="Republican Congress">Republican Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Labour_Party" title="Republican Labour Party">Republican Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Socialist_Collective" title="Republican Socialist Collective">Republican Socialist Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saor_%C3%89ire" title="Saor Éire">Saor Éire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sligo%E2%80%93Leitrim_Independent_Socialist_Organisation" title="Sligo–Leitrim Independent Socialist Organisation">SLISO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republican_Party_(Ireland)" title="Socialist Republican Party (Ireland)">Socialist Republican Party</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Militant groups</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b>Active</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arm_na_Poblachta" title="Arm na Poblachta">Arm na Poblachta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuity_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Continuity Irish Republican Army">Continuity IRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumann_na_mBan" title="Cumann na mBan">Cumann na mBan‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fianna_%C3%89ireann" title="Fianna Éireann">Fianna Éireann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Liberation_Army" title="Irish Republican Liberation Army">Irish Republican Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Republican Movement">Irish Republican Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Irish_Republican_Army" title="New Irish Republican Army">New IRA</a></li></ul> <p><b>Inactive</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_National_Liberation_Army" title="Irish National Liberation Army">Irish National Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93glaigh_na_h%C3%89ireann_(Real_IRA_splinter_group)" title="Óglaigh na hÉireann (Real IRA splinter group)">Óglaigh na hÉireann <small>(Real IRA splinter group)</small></a></li></ul> <p><b>Defunct</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Connolly_Column" title="Connolly Column">Connolly Column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Brigade_(World_War_I)" title="Irish Brigade (World War I)">Irish Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Citizen_Army" title="Irish Citizen Army">Irish Citizen Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_National_Invincibles" title="Irish National Invincibles">Irish National Invincibles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_People%27s_Liberation_Organisation" title="Irish People's Liberation Organisation">Irish People's Liberation Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Irish Republican Army (1919–1922)">Irish Republican Army <small>(1919–1922)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army_(1922%E2%80%931969)" title="Irish Republican Army (1922–1969)">Irish Republican Army <small>(1922–1969)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Brotherhood" title="Irish Republican Brotherhood">Irish Republican Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Revolutionary_Forces" title="Irish Revolutionary Forces">Irish Revolutionary Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Volunteers" title="Irish Volunteers">Irish Volunteers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Official Irish Republican Army">Official IRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Provisional Irish Republican Army">Provisional IRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Real Irish Republican Army">Real IRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Action_Against_Drugs" title="Republican Action Against Drugs">Republican Action Against Drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Defence_Army" title="Republican Defence Army">Republican Defence Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saor_%C3%89ire_(1967%E2%80%931975)" title="Saor Éire (1967–1975)">Saor Éire <small>(1967–1975)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saor_Uladh" title="Saor Uladh">Saor Uladh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_United_Irishmen" title="Society of United Irishmen">Society of United Irishmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Armagh_Republican_Action_Force" title="South Armagh Republican Action Force">South Armagh Republican Action Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Ireland" title="Young Ireland">Young Ireland</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Active Organisations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/32_County_Sovereignty_Movement" title="32 County Sovereignty Movement">32 County Sovereignty Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Imperialist_Action_Ireland" title="Anti-Imperialist Action Ireland">Anti-Imperialist Action Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabhair" title="Cabhair">Cabhair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connolly_Association" title="Connolly Association">Connolly Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connolly_Youth_Movement" title="Connolly Youth Movement">Connolly Youth Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRPWA" title="IRPWA">IRPWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_National_Congress" title="Irish National Congress">Irish National Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Socialist_Committees_of_North_America" title="Irish Republican Socialist Committees of North America">IRSCNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NORAID" title="NORAID">NORAID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Graves_Association,_Belfast" title="National Graves Association, Belfast">National Graves Association, Belfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Graves_Association" title="National Graves Association">National Graves Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Housing_League" title="Revolutionary Housing League">Revolutionary Housing League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfe_Tone_Societies" title="Wolfe Tone Societies">Wolfe Tone Societies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93gra_Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Ógra Fianna Fáil">Ógra Fianna Fáil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93gra_Shinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Ógra Shinn Féin">Ógra Shinn Féin</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Defunct Organisations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clan_na_Gael" title="Clan na Gael">Clan na Gael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clann_na_h%C3%89ireann" title="Clann na hÉireann">Clann na hÉireann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comhairle_na_Poblachta" title="Comhairle na Poblachta">Comhairle na Poblachta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungannon_Clubs" title="Dungannon Clubs">Dungannon Clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmet_Monument_Association" title="Emmet Monument Association">Emmet Monument Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenian_Brotherhood" title="Fenian Brotherhood">Fenian Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_Irish_Freedom" title="Friends of Irish Freedom">Friends of Irish Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Voice" title="Irish Republican Voice">Irish Republican Voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Socialist_Federation" title="Irish Socialist Federation">Irish Socialist Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Communist_Republicans" title="League of Communist Republicans">League of Communist Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Resistance_Movement" title="Northern Resistance Movement">Northern Resistance Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Democracy_(Ireland)" title="People's Democracy (Ireland)">People's Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_National_and_Literary_Society" title="Phoenix National and Literary Society">Phoenix National and Literary Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troops_Out_Movement" title="Troops Out Movement">Troops Out Movement</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="font-style:italic;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/An_Phoblacht" title="An Phoblacht">An Phoblacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evening_Press" title="Evening Press">Evening Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_Days_in_Ireland" title="Guerrilla Days in Ireland">Guerrilla Days in Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRIS_Magazine" title="IRIS Magazine">IRIS Magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Freedom" title="Irish Freedom">Irish Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_News" title="Republican News">Republican News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saoirse_Irish_Freedom" title="Saoirse Irish Freedom">Saoirse Irish Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in_(newspaper)" title="Sinn Féin (newspaper)">Sinn Féin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gaelic_American" title="The Gaelic American">The Gaelic American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hibernia_Magazine" title="The Hibernia Magazine">The Hibernia Magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Felon" title="The Irish Felon">The Irish Felon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Irish_People_(1863_newspaper)" title="The Irish People (1863 newspaper)">The Irish People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Press" title="The Irish Press">The Irish Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nation_(Irish_newspaper)" title="The Nation (Irish newspaper)">The Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Phoenix_(magazine)" title="The Phoenix (magazine)">The Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Starry_Plough_(magazine)" title="The Starry Plough (magazine)">The Starry Plough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Press" title="The Sunday Press">The Sunday Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Irishman_(1848_newspaper)" title="United Irishman (1848 newspaper)">United Irishman <small>(1848 newspaper)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Irishman_(1948_newspaper)" title="United Irishman (1948 newspaper)">United Irishman <small>(1948 newspaper)</small></a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Culture</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christy_Moore" title="Christy Moore">Christy Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dubliners" title="The Dubliners">The Dubliners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_rebel_song" title="Irish rebel song">Irish rebel songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneecap_(band)" title="Kneecap (band)">Kneecap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wolfe_Tones" title="The Wolfe Tones">The Wolfe Tones</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Four_Provinces_Flag.svg/16px-Four_Provinces_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Four_Provinces_Flag.svg/24px-Four_Provinces_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Four_Provinces_Flag.svg/32px-Four_Provinces_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1320" data-file-height="680" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ireland" title="Portal:Ireland">Ireland portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Irish_republicanism" title="Template:Irish republicanism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Irish_republicanism" title="Template talk:Irish republicanism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Irish_republicanism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Irish republicanism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Fianna Fáil is primarily cited as being on the <a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">centre</a><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">centre-right</a><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the <a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">political spectrum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fianna Fáil's ideology has been characterised both as <a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">conservative</a><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and ambiguous or malleable.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party has also been ideologically described as <a href="/wiki/Centrist" class="mw-redirect" title="Centrist">centrist</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian-democratic</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_conservatism" title="Liberal conservatism">liberal-conservative</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-o882_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-o882-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MaginVigen2021_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MaginVigen2021-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">populist</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Maguire1986_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maguire1986-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dunphy2016B_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dunphy2016B-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Conservative_liberalism" title="Conservative liberalism">conservative-liberal</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-oscillates_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oscillates-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VanHauteClose2019_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VanHauteClose2019-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">socially conservative</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Kiersey2018_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kiersey2018-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-h763_113-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h763-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberal</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/National_liberalism" title="National liberalism">national-liberal</a><sup id="cite_ref-s584_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s584-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/National_conservatism" title="National conservatism">national-conservative</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-i017_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-i017-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MarksWilson2005_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MarksWilson2005-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, academics Eoin O'Malley and Sean McGraw wrote that Fianna Fáil "appears centrist, conservative, and attached to the state", but that there was "deep ambiguity concerning what type of party Fianna Fáil really is".<sup id="cite_ref-w803_111-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-w803-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fianna_F%C3%A1il_Election_Poster_1948_(Workers!).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Fianna_F%C3%A1il_Election_Poster_1948_%28Workers%21%29.jpg/200px-Fianna_F%C3%A1il_Election_Poster_1948_%28Workers%21%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Fianna_F%C3%A1il_Election_Poster_1948_%28Workers%21%29.jpg/300px-Fianna_F%C3%A1il_Election_Poster_1948_%28Workers%21%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Fianna_F%C3%A1il_Election_Poster_1948_%28Workers%21%29.jpg/400px-Fianna_F%C3%A1il_Election_Poster_1948_%28Workers%21%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="523" data-file-height="798" /></a><figcaption>Fianna Fáil poster from the 1948 general election</figcaption></figure> <p>In the modern era, Fianna Fáil is seen as a typical <a href="/wiki/Catch-all_party" class="mw-redirect" title="Catch-all party">catch-all party</a> and has defined itself as such.<sup id="cite_ref-f030_112-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f030-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-z674_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-z674-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has presented itself as a "<a href="/wiki/Big_tent" title="Big tent">broad church</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-Garvin_141-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garvin-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and attracted support from across disparate <a href="/wiki/Social_class" title="Social class">social classes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-martin_142-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-martin-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cowen_143-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cowen-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1980s, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Lenihan_Snr" title="Brian Lenihan Snr">Brian Lenihan Snr</a> declared "there are no isms or [ide]ologies in my party"; further, in the early 2000s, Fianna Fáil leader Bertie Ahern affirmed the party's catch-all stance by defining Fianna Fáil as a party that "looks out for the small ranking guy, the middle-ranking guy and assists the big guy".<sup id="cite_ref-Ferriter_Jan_2022_144-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ferriter_Jan_2022-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2023, party leader Micheál Martin described Fianna Fáil as "a progressive <a href="/wiki/Irish_republicanism" title="Irish republicanism">republican</a> party which rejects the failed and destructive idea that you must conform to the traditional left/right ideology".<sup id="cite_ref-b175_145-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b175-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1989 and 2011, Fianna Fáil led coalition governments with parties of both the left and the right. Fianna Fáil's platform contains a number of enduring commitments: to <a href="/wiki/Irish_unity" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish unity">Irish unity</a>; to the promotion and protection of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish language</a>; and to maintaining <a href="/wiki/Irish_neutrality" title="Irish neutrality">Ireland's tradition of military neutrality</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party's name and logo incorporates the words 'The Republican Party'.<sup id="cite_ref-BudgeRobertson1987_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BudgeRobertson1987-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Fianna Fáil, "Republican here stands both for the unity of the island and a commitment to the historic principles of European <a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">republican philosophy</a>, namely <a href="/wiki/Liberty,_equality_and_fraternity" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberty, equality and fraternity">liberty, equality and fraternity</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party's main goal at its beginning was to reunite the North and the South.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fianna Fáil is <a href="/wiki/Pro-Europeanism" title="Pro-Europeanism">supportive of the European Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although part of the liberal <a href="/wiki/Renew_Europe" title="Renew Europe">Renew</a> group in the European Parliament, its <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberal</a> nature has been disputed.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2009, Fianna Fáil did not always support Renew's positions on <a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">civil liberties</a><sup id="cite_ref-votewatch_154-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-votewatch-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though the party did <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Same-sex marriage in the Republic of Ireland">legalize same-sex civil partnerships</a> in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, Fianna Fáil expelled <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">MEP</a> <a href="/wiki/Brian_Crowley" title="Brian Crowley">Brian Crowley</a> for joining the right-wing <a href="/wiki/European_Conservatives_and_Reformists_Group" title="European Conservatives and Reformists Group">European Conservatives and Reformists Group</a>, with the party stating that "the ideas and principles of the ECR group and its component parties are totally incompatible with the core principles of Fianna Fáil".<sup id="cite_ref-o102_156-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-o102-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In recent years, Fianna Fáil has increasingly been seen as divided on social issues,<sup id="cite_ref-v772_157-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-v772-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-k333_158-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-k333-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as moving towards a more <a href="/wiki/Social_liberal" class="mw-redirect" title="Social liberal">social liberal</a> profile.<sup id="cite_ref-VanHauteClose2019_131-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VanHauteClose2019-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fianna Fáil supported the unsuccessful <a href="/wiki/2024_Irish_constitutional_referendums" title="2024 Irish constitutional referendums">2024 Irish constitutional referendums</a>, which would have deleted a reference to women’s domestic duties and broadened the definition of the family.<sup id="cite_ref-k318_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-k318-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Evidence from expert surveys, opinion polls and candidate surveys have failed to identify strong distinctions between Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael.<sup id="cite_ref-c721_114-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c721-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-benoitlaver1_159-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-benoitlaver1-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-benoitlaver2_160-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-benoitlaver2-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-benoitlaver3_161-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-benoitlaver3-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-glutz_162-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-glutz-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fianna Fáil is generally considered more <a href="/wiki/Populist" class="mw-redirect" title="Populist">populist</a><sup id="cite_ref-Whelan_163-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whelan-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Economic_interventionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic interventionism">economically interventionist</a><sup id="cite_ref-r679_165-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r679-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> than its rival.<sup id="cite_ref-p441_88-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p441-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/University_College_Dublin" title="University College Dublin">University College Dublin</a> professor Thomas Däubler wrote that Fianna Fáil had "made a move to the centre" in the <a href="/wiki/2016_Irish_general_election" title="2016 Irish general election">2016 election</a>, which resulted in Fine Gael being placed "considerably to the right" of Fianna Fáil.<sup id="cite_ref-r308_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r308-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020, <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> magazine described Fianna Fáil as "slightly more socially conservative and further to the left on the economy" than Fine Gael.<sup id="cite_ref-l880_167-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-l880-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fianna Fáil has been described in modern times as struggling with its identity as a party.<sup id="cite_ref-g236_89-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g236-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-f030_112-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f030-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-h763_113-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h763-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-z870_168-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-z870-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2023, Jack Sheehan of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Times" title="The Irish Times">The Irish Times</a></i> wrote that "for a decade now, a socially conservative, supposedly republican party has been led by a centrist social liberal with a more cautious position on Irish unification than even <a href="/wiki/Leo_Varadkar" title="Leo Varadkar">Leo Varadkar</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-h763_113-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h763-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fianna_F%C3%A1il&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the early 20th century, Fianna Fáil had a more explicitly working-class orientation. In 1926, Seán Lemass described the party as "a progressive republican party based on the actual conditions of the moment"<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Puirséil_FF_Evolution_170-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Puirséil_FF_Evolution-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while upon winning the <a href="/wiki/1932_Irish_general_election" title="1932 Irish general election">1932 Irish general election</a>, newly elected Fianna Fáil TD <a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Moylan" title="Seán Moylan">Seán Moylan</a> proclaimed that Fianna Fáil's win meant a victory of "the owners of the donkey and cart over the pony and trap class".<sup id="cite_ref-Ferriter_Jan_2022_144-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ferriter_Jan_2022-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Fianna Fáil party of the 1930s has been described as an economically <a href="/wiki/Social_democratic" class="mw-redirect" title="Social democratic">social democratic</a> one that sought to create an economically independent state (<a href="/wiki/Autarky" title="Autarky">autarky</a>) via protectionist policies, based on its <a href="/wiki/Cultural_nationalism" title="Cultural nationalism">culturally nationalist</a> thinking.<sup id="cite_ref-Puirséil_FF_Evolution_170-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Puirséil_FF_Evolution-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the leadership of Seán Lemass in the 1960s, Fianna Fáil began to utilise some <a href="/wiki/Corporatism" title="Corporatism">corporatist</a> policies (embracing the concept of '<a href="/wiki/Social_Partnership" title="Social Partnership">social partnership</a>'), taking some influence from the Roman Catholic Church.<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also during Lemass' time that the party shifted heavily away from autarkic thinking and towards a firm belief in <a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">free trade</a> and <a href="/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment" title="Foreign direct investment">foreign direct investment</a> in Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-Puirséil_FF_Evolution_170-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Puirséil_FF_Evolution-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1967, Jack Lynch described the party as "left of centre" while suggesting it was to the left of Fine Gael and Labour. However, during the <a href="/wiki/1969_Irish_general_election" title="1969 Irish general election">1969 Irish general election</a>, the party ran <a href="/wiki/Red_scare" class="mw-redirect" title="Red scare">red scare</a> tactics against Labour after it began using the slogan "the seventies will be socialist!". As Fine Gael became more and more socially liberal in the 1970s under <a href="/wiki/Garret_FitzGerald" title="Garret FitzGerald">Garret FitzGerald</a>, the party reacted by embracing social conservatism and populism.<sup id="cite_ref-Budge_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Budge-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Puirséil_FF_Evolution_170-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Puirséil_FF_Evolution-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same time period, the emergence of <a href="/wiki/The_Troubles" title="The Troubles">the Troubles</a> and the Arms Crisis of 1971 tested the party's nationalism, but despite these events, Fianna Fáil maintained their moderate culturally nationalist stance.<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1983, R. Ken Carty wrote of Fianna Fáil and <a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">Fine Gael</a> that they were "heterogeneous in their bases of support, relatively undifferentiated in terms of policy or programme, and remarkably stable in their support levels".<sup id="cite_ref-x538_176-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-x538-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1990s, Fianna Fáil was described as a <a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">conservative</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalism" title="Irish nationalism">nationalist</a> party.<sup id="cite_ref-Banchoff1999_107-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Banchoff1999-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KourvetarisMoschonas1996_108-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KourvetarisMoschonas1996-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leadership_and_president">Leadership and president</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fianna_F%C3%A1il&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Leadership and president"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Leader of Fianna Fáil">Leader of Fianna Fáil</a></div> <p>The following are the terms of office as party leader and as Taoiseach: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Leader </th> <th>Portrait </th> <th>Period </th> <th>Constituency </th> <th>Years as Taoiseach </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera">Éamon de Valera</a></span> </td> <td><div class=""> <div style="width: 60px; height: 80px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -5px; width: 70px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Éamon de Valera.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg/70px-%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg/105px-%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg/140px-%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1328" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td>1926–1959 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Clare_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Clare (Dáil constituency)">Clare</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1932_Irish_general_election" title="1932 Irish general election">1932</a>–<a href="/wiki/1933_Irish_general_election" title="1933 Irish general election">1933</a>–<a href="/wiki/1937_Irish_general_election" title="1937 Irish general election">1937</a>–<a href="/wiki/1938_Irish_general_election" title="1938 Irish general election">1938</a>–<a href="/wiki/1943_Irish_general_election" title="1943 Irish general election">1943</a>–<a href="/wiki/1944_Irish_general_election" title="1944 Irish general election">1944</a>–<a href="/wiki/1948_Irish_general_election" title="1948 Irish general election">1948</a>; <a href="/wiki/1951_Irish_general_election" title="1951 Irish general election">1951</a>–<a href="/wiki/1954_Irish_general_election" title="1954 Irish general election">1954</a>; <a href="/wiki/1957_Irish_general_election" title="1957 Irish general election">1957</a>–1959<br />(<a href="/wiki/6th_Executive_Council_of_the_Irish_Free_State" class="mw-redirect" title="6th Executive Council of the Irish Free State">6th</a>, <a href="/wiki/7th_Executive_Council_of_the_Irish_Free_State" class="mw-redirect" title="7th Executive Council of the Irish Free State">7th</a>, and <a href="/wiki/8th_Executive_Council_of_the_Irish_Free_State" class="mw-redirect" title="8th Executive Council of the Irish Free State">8th Executive Council of the Irish Free State</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/1st_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Government of Ireland">1st</a>, <a href="/wiki/2nd_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Government of Ireland">2nd</a>, <a href="/wiki/3rd_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd Government of Ireland">3rd</a>, <a href="/wiki/4th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="4th Government of Ireland">4th</a>, <a href="/wiki/6th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="6th Government of Ireland">6th</a> and <a href="/wiki/8th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="8th Government of Ireland">8th Government of Ireland</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Lemass" title="Seán Lemass">Seán Lemass</a> </td> <td><div class=""> <div style="width: 60px; height: 80px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 60px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Se%C3%A1n_Lemass,_1966.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Seán Lemass, 1966.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Se%C3%A1n_Lemass%2C_1966.jpg/60px-Se%C3%A1n_Lemass%2C_1966.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Se%C3%A1n_Lemass%2C_1966.jpg/90px-Se%C3%A1n_Lemass%2C_1966.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Se%C3%A1n_Lemass%2C_1966.jpg/120px-Se%C3%A1n_Lemass%2C_1966.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1282" data-file-height="1709" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td>1959–1966 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dublin_South-Central_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Dublin South-Central (Dáil constituency)">Dublin South-Central</a> </td> <td>1959–<a href="/wiki/1961_Irish_general_election" title="1961 Irish general election">1961</a>–<a href="/wiki/1965_Irish_general_election" title="1965 Irish general election">1965</a>–1966<br />(<a href="/wiki/9th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="9th Government of Ireland">9th</a>, <a href="/wiki/10th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="10th Government of Ireland">10th</a> and <a href="/wiki/11th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="11th Government of Ireland">11th Government of Ireland</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lynch" title="Jack Lynch">Jack Lynch</a> </td> <td><div class=""> <div style="width: 60px; height: 80px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 60px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jack_Lynch_1979_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Jack Lynch 1979 (cropped).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Jack_Lynch_1979_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-Jack_Lynch_1979_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Jack_Lynch_1979_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Jack_Lynch_1979_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Jack_Lynch_1979_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Jack_Lynch_1979_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td>1966–1979 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cork_Borough_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Cork Borough (Dáil constituency)">Cork Borough</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1948–1969)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Cork_City_North-West_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Cork City North-West (Dáil constituency)">Cork City North-West</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1969–1977)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Cork_City_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Cork City (Dáil constituency)">Cork City</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1977–1981)</span> </td> <td>1966–<a href="/wiki/1969_Irish_general_election" title="1969 Irish general election">1969</a>–<a href="/wiki/1973_Irish_general_election" title="1973 Irish general election">1973</a>; <a href="/wiki/1977_Irish_general_election" title="1977 Irish general election">1977</a>–1979<br />(<a href="/wiki/12th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="12th Government of Ireland">12th</a>, <a href="/wiki/13th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="13th Government of Ireland">13th</a> and <a href="/wiki/15th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="15th Government of Ireland">15th Government of Ireland</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_Haughey" title="Charles Haughey">Charles Haughey</a> </td> <td><div class=""> <div style="width: 60px; height: 80px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 60px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Haughey_1989_(headshot).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Charles Haughey 1989 (headshot).png" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Charles_Haughey_1989_%28headshot%29.png/60px-Charles_Haughey_1989_%28headshot%29.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Charles_Haughey_1989_%28headshot%29.png/90px-Charles_Haughey_1989_%28headshot%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Charles_Haughey_1989_%28headshot%29.png/120px-Charles_Haughey_1989_%28headshot%29.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="840" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td>1979–1992 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dublin_North-East_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Dublin North-East (Dáil constituency)">Dublin North-East</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1957–1977)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Artane_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Dublin Artane (Dáil constituency)">Dublin Artane</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1977–1981)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Dublin_North-Central_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Dublin North-Central (Dáil constituency)">Dublin North-Central</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1981–1992)</span> </td> <td>1979–<a href="/wiki/1981_Irish_general_election" title="1981 Irish general election">1981</a>; <a href="/wiki/February_1982_Irish_general_election" title="February 1982 Irish general election">Feb 1982</a> – <a href="/wiki/November_1982_Irish_general_election" title="November 1982 Irish general election">Nov 1982</a>; <a href="/wiki/1987_Irish_general_election" title="1987 Irish general election">1987</a>–<a href="/wiki/1989_Irish_general_election" title="1989 Irish general election">1989</a>–1992<br />(<a href="/wiki/16th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="16th Government of Ireland">16th</a>, <a href="/wiki/18th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="18th Government of Ireland">18th</a>, <a href="/wiki/20th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Government of Ireland">20th</a> and <a href="/wiki/21st_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="21st Government of Ireland">21st Government of Ireland</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Albert_Reynolds" title="Albert Reynolds">Albert Reynolds</a> </td> <td><div class=""> <div style="width: 60px; height: 80px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 60px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_Reynolds_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Albert Reynolds (cropped).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Albert_Reynolds_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-Albert_Reynolds_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Albert_Reynolds_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Albert_Reynolds_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Albert_Reynolds_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Albert_Reynolds_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1296" data-file-height="1853" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td>1992–1994 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Longford%E2%80%93Roscommon_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Longford–Roscommon (Dáil constituency)">Longford–Roscommon</a> </td> <td>1992–<a href="/wiki/1992_Irish_general_election" title="1992 Irish general election">1992</a>–1994<br />(<a href="/wiki/22nd_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="22nd Government of Ireland">22nd</a> and <a href="/wiki/23rd_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="23rd Government of Ireland">23rd Government of Ireland</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bertie_Ahern" title="Bertie Ahern">Bertie Ahern</a> </td> <td><div class=""> <div style="width: 60px; height: 80px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 60px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bertie_Ahern_2006_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Bertie Ahern 2006 (cropped).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Bertie_Ahern_2006_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-Bertie_Ahern_2006_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Bertie_Ahern_2006_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Bertie_Ahern_2006_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Bertie_Ahern_2006_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Bertie_Ahern_2006_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="853" data-file-height="1279" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td>1994–2008 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Central_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Dublin Central (Dáil constituency)">Dublin Central</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1997_Irish_general_election" title="1997 Irish general election">1997</a>–<a href="/wiki/2002_Irish_general_election" title="2002 Irish general election">2002</a>–<a href="/wiki/2007_Irish_general_election" title="2007 Irish general election">2007</a>–2008<br />(<a href="/wiki/25th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="25th Government of Ireland">25th</a>, <a href="/wiki/26th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="26th Government of Ireland">26th</a> and <a href="/wiki/27th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="27th Government of Ireland">27th Government of Ireland</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brian_Cowen" title="Brian Cowen">Brian Cowen</a> </td> <td><div class=""> <div style="width: 60px; height: 80px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 60px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brian_Cowen,_June_2010_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Brian Cowen, June 2010 (cropped).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Brian_Cowen%2C_June_2010_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-Brian_Cowen%2C_June_2010_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Brian_Cowen%2C_June_2010_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Brian_Cowen%2C_June_2010_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Brian_Cowen%2C_June_2010_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Brian_Cowen%2C_June_2010_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="792" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td>2008–2011 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Laois%E2%80%93Offaly_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Laois–Offaly (Dáil constituency)">Laois–Offaly</a> </td> <td>2008–<a href="/wiki/2011_Irish_general_election" title="2011 Irish general election">2011</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/28th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="28th Government of Ireland">28th Government of Ireland</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Miche%C3%A1l_Martin" title="Micheál Martin">Micheál Martin</a> </td> <td><div class=""> <div style="width: 60px; height: 80px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 60px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Miche%C3%A1l_Martin_TD_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Micheál Martin TD (cropped).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Miche%C3%A1l_Martin_TD_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-Miche%C3%A1l_Martin_TD_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Miche%C3%A1l_Martin_TD_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Miche%C3%A1l_Martin_TD_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Miche%C3%A1l_Martin_TD_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Miche%C3%A1l_Martin_TD_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1410" data-file-height="1963" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">2011–present</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cork_South-Central_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Cork South-Central (Dáil constituency)">Cork South-Central</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2020_Irish_general_election" title="2020 Irish general election">2020</a>–2022 <br />(<a href="/wiki/32nd_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="32nd Government of Ireland">32nd Government of Ireland</a>) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deputy_leader">Deputy leader</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fianna_F%C3%A1il&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Deputy leader"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Period </th> <th>Constituency </th> <th>Leader </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Brennan_(Fianna_F%C3%A1il_politician)" title="Joseph Brennan (Fianna Fáil politician)">Joseph Brennan</a> </td> <td>1973–1977 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Donegal%E2%80%93Leitrim_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Donegal–Leitrim (Dáil constituency)">Donegal–Leitrim</a> </td> <td>Jack Lynch </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/George_Colley" title="George Colley">George Colley</a> </td> <td>1977–1982 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Central_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Dublin Central (Dáil constituency)">Dublin Central</a> </td> <td>Jack Lynch <p>Charles Haughey </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ray_MacSharry" title="Ray MacSharry">Ray MacSharry</a> </td> <td>1982–1983 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sligo%E2%80%93Leitrim_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Sligo–Leitrim (Dáil constituency)">Sligo–Leitrim</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">Charles Haughey </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brian_Lenihan_Snr" title="Brian Lenihan Snr">Brian Lenihan Snr</a> </td> <td>1983–1990 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dublin_West_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Dublin West (Dáil constituency)">Dublin West</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Wilson_(Irish_politician)" title="John Wilson (Irish politician)">John Wilson</a> </td> <td>1990–1992 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cavan%E2%80%93Monaghan_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Cavan–Monaghan (Dáil constituency)">Cavan–Monaghan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bertie_Ahern" title="Bertie Ahern">Bertie Ahern</a> </td> <td>1992–1994 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Central_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Dublin Central (Dáil constituency)">Dublin Central</a> </td> <td>Albert Reynolds </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mary_O%27Rourke" title="Mary O'Rourke">Mary O'Rourke</a> </td> <td>1995–2002 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Longford%E2%80%93Westmeath_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Longford–Westmeath (Dáil constituency)">Longford–Westmeath</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Bertie Ahern </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brian_Cowen" title="Brian Cowen">Brian Cowen</a> </td> <td>2002–2008 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Laois%E2%80%93Offaly_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Laois–Offaly (Dáil constituency)">Laois–Offaly</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mary_Coughlan_(politician)" title="Mary Coughlan (politician)">Mary Coughlan</a> </td> <td>2008–2011 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Donegal_South-West_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Donegal South-West (Dáil constituency)">Donegal South-West</a> </td> <td>Brian Cowen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mary_Hanafin" title="Mary Hanafin">Mary Hanafin</a> </td> <td>2011 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BAn_Laoghaire_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Dún Laoghaire (Dáil constituency)">Dún Laoghaire</a> </td> <td rowspan="5">Micheál Martin </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brian_Lenihan_Jnr" title="Brian Lenihan Jnr">Brian Lenihan Jnr</a> </td> <td>2011 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dublin_West_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Dublin West (Dáil constituency)">Dublin West</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_%C3%93_Cu%C3%ADv" title="Éamon Ó Cuív">Éamon Ó Cuív</a> </td> <td>2011–2012 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Galway_West_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Galway West (Dáil constituency)">Galway West</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dara_Calleary" title="Dara Calleary">Dara Calleary</a> </td> <td>2018–2020 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mayo_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Mayo (Dáil constituency)">Mayo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jack_Chambers_(politician)" title="Jack Chambers (politician)">Jack Chambers</a> </td> <td>2024–present </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dublin_West_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Dublin West (Dáil constituency)">Dublin West</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seanad_leader">Seanad leader</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fianna_F%C3%A1il&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Seanad leader"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Period </th> <th>Panel </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eoin_Ryan_Snr" title="Eoin Ryan Snr">Eoin Ryan Snr</a> </td> <td>1977–1982 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Industrial_and_Commercial_Panel" title="Industrial and Commercial Panel">Industrial and Commercial Panel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mick_Lanigan" title="Mick Lanigan">Mick Lanigan</a> </td> <td>1982–1990 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Industrial_and_Commercial_Panel" title="Industrial and Commercial Panel">Industrial and Commercial Panel</a><small> (1982–89)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Nominated_members_of_Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Nominated members of Seanad Éireann">Nominated member of Seanad Éireann</a> <small>(1989–90)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Fallon_(politician)" title="Seán Fallon (politician)">Seán Fallon</a> </td> <td>1990–1992 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Industrial_and_Commercial_Panel" title="Industrial and Commercial Panel">Industrial and Commercial Panel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/G._V._Wright" title="G. V. Wright">G. V. Wright</a> </td> <td>1992–1997 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nominated_members_of_Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Nominated members of Seanad Éireann">Nominated member of Seanad Éireann</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Donie_Cassidy" title="Donie Cassidy">Donie Cassidy</a> </td> <td>1997–2002 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Labour_Panel" title="Labour Panel">Labour Panel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mary_O%27Rourke" title="Mary O'Rourke">Mary O'Rourke</a> </td> <td>2002–2007 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nominated_members_of_Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Nominated members of Seanad Éireann">Nominated member of Seanad Éireann</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Donie_Cassidy" title="Donie Cassidy">Donie Cassidy</a> </td> <td>2007–2011 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Labour_Panel" title="Labour Panel">Labour Panel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Darragh_O%27Brien" title="Darragh O'Brien">Darragh O'Brien</a> </td> <td>2011–2016 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Labour_Panel" title="Labour Panel">Labour Panel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Ardagh" title="Catherine Ardagh">Catherine Ardagh</a> </td> <td>2016–2020 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Industrial_and_Commercial_Panel" title="Industrial and Commercial Panel">Industrial and Commercial Panel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Chambers" title="Lisa Chambers">Lisa Chambers</a> </td> <td>2020–present </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cultural_and_Educational_Panel" title="Cultural and Educational Panel">Cultural and Educational Panel</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_results">Electoral results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fianna_F%C3%A1il&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Electoral results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fianna Fáil was the most electorally successful party in 20th-century <a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_Europe" title="Democracy in Europe">democratic Europe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-v040_177-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-v040-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dáil_Éireann"><span id="D.C3.A1il_.C3.89ireann"></span>Dáil Éireann</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fianna_F%C3%A1il&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Dáil Éireann"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:97%; text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Leader </th> <th>1st pref<br />votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>± </th> <th>Government </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/June_1927_Irish_general_election" title="June 1927 Irish general election">Jun 1927</a> </th> <td rowspan="12" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera">Éamon de Valera</a> </td> <td>299,486 </td> <td>26.2 (#2) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">44 / 153</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #66BB66; width: 29%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 44 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/September_1927_Irish_general_election" title="September 1927 Irish general election">Sep 1927</a> </th> <td>411,777 </td> <td>35.2 (#2) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">57 / 153</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #66BB66; width: 37%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 13 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1932_Irish_general_election" title="1932 Irish general election">1932</a> </th> <td>566,498 </td> <td>44.5 (#1) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">72 / 153</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #66BB66; width: 47%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 15 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">FF minority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1933_Irish_general_election" title="1933 Irish general election">1933</a> </th> <td>689,054 </td> <td>49.7 (#1) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">77 / 153</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #66BB66; width: 50%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">FF minority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1937_Irish_general_election" title="1937 Irish general election">1937</a> </th> <td>599,040 </td> <td>45.2 (#1) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">69 / 138</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #66BB66; width: 50%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">FF minority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1938_Irish_general_election" title="1938 Irish general election">1938</a> </th> <td>667,996 </td> <td>51.9 (#1) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">77 / 138</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #66BB66; width: 56%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">FF majority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1943_Irish_general_election" title="1943 Irish general election">1943</a> </th> <td>557,525 </td> <td>41.9 (#1) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">67 / 138</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #66BB66; width: 49%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 10 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">FF minority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1944_Irish_general_election" title="1944 Irish general election">1944</a> </th> <td>595,259 </td> <td>48.9 (#1) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">76 / 138</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #66BB66; width: 55%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 9 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">FF majority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1948_Irish_general_election" title="1948 Irish general election">1948</a> </th> <td>553,914 </td> <td>41.9 (#1) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">68 / 147</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #66BB66; width: 46%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1951_Irish_general_election" title="1951 Irish general election">1951</a> </th> <td>616,212 </td> <td>46.3 (#1) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">69 / 147</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #66BB66; width: 47%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">FF minority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1954_Irish_general_election" title="1954 Irish general election">1954</a> </th> <td>578,960 </td> <td>43.4 (#1) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">65 / 147</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #66BB66; width: 44%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1957_Irish_general_election" title="1957 Irish general election">1957</a> </th> <td>592,994 </td> <td>48.3 (#1) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">78 / 147</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #66BB66; width: 53%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 13 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">FF majority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1961_Irish_general_election" title="1961 Irish general election">1961</a> </th> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Lemass" title="Seán Lemass">Seán Lemass</a> </td> <td>512,073 </td> <td>43.8 (#1) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">70 / 144</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #66BB66; width: 49%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">FF minority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1965_Irish_general_election" title="1965 Irish general election">1965</a> </th> <td>597,414 </td> <td>47.7 (#1) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">72 / 144</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #66BB66; width: 50%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">FF majority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1969_Irish_general_election" title="1969 Irish general election">1969</a> </th> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lynch" title="Jack Lynch">Jack Lynch</a> </td> <td>602,234 </td> <td>45.7 (#1) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">75 / 144</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #66BB66; width: 52%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">FF majority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1973_Irish_general_election" title="1973 Irish general election">1973</a> </th> <td>624,528 </td> <td>46.2 (#1) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">69 / 144</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #66BB66; width: 48%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1977_Irish_general_election" title="1977 Irish general election">1977</a> </th> <td>811,615 </td> <td>50.6 (#1) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">84 / 148</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #66BB66; width: 57%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 15 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">FF majority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1981_Irish_general_election" title="1981 Irish general election">1981</a> </th> <td rowspan="5" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Haughey" title="Charles Haughey">Charles Haughey</a> </td> <td>777,616 </td> <td>45.3 (#1) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">78 / 166</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #66BB66; width: 47%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/February_1982_Irish_general_election" title="February 1982 Irish general election">Feb 1982</a> </th> <td>786,951 </td> <td>47.3 (#1) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">81 / 166</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #66BB66; width: 49%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">FF minority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/November_1982_Irish_general_election" title="November 1982 Irish general election">Nov 1982</a> </th> <td>763,313 </td> <td>45.2 (#1) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">75 / 166</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #66BB66; width: 45%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1987_Irish_general_election" title="1987 Irish general election">1987</a> </th> <td>784,547 </td> <td>44.1 (#1) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">81 / 166</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #66BB66; width: 49%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">FF minority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1989_Irish_general_election" title="1989 Irish general election">1989</a> </th> <td>731,472 </td> <td>44.1 (#1) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">77 / 166</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #66BB66; width: 46%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">FF–<a href="/wiki/Progressive_Democrats" title="Progressive Democrats">PD</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/1992_Irish_general_election" title="1992 Irish general election">1992</a> </th> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Reynolds" title="Albert Reynolds">Albert Reynolds</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">674,650 </td> <td rowspan="2">39.1 (#1) </td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">68 / 166</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #66BB66; width: 41%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 9 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">FF–<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Labour Party (Ireland)">LP</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1992–1994)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition <span style="font-size:85%;">(1994–1997)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1997_Irish_general_election" title="1997 Irish general election">1997</a> </th> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bertie_Ahern" title="Bertie Ahern">Bertie Ahern</a> </td> <td>703,682 </td> <td>39.3 (#1) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">77 / 166</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #66BB66; width: 46%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 9 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">FF–PD </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2002_Irish_general_election" title="2002 Irish general election">2002</a> </th> <td>770,748 </td> <td>41.5 (#1) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">81 / 166</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #66BB66; width: 49%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">FF–PD </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2007_Irish_general_election" title="2007 Irish general election">2007</a> </th> <td>858,565 </td> <td>41.6 (#1) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">77 / 166</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #66BB66; width: 46%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">FF–<a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Ireland)" title="Green Party (Ireland)">GP</a>–PD </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2011_Irish_general_election" title="2011 Irish general election">2011</a> </th> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Miche%C3%A1l_Martin" title="Micheál Martin">Micheál Martin</a> </td> <td>387,358 </td> <td>17.5 (#3) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">20 / 166</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #66BB66; width: 12%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 57 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2016_Irish_general_election" title="2016 Irish general election">2016</a> </th> <td>519,356 </td> <td>24.3 (#2) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">44 / 158</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #66BB66; width: 28%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 23 </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">Confidence and supply </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2020_Irish_general_election" title="2020 Irish general election">2020</a><sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>484,315 </td> <td>22.2 (#2) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">38 / 160</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #66BB66; width: 24%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">FF–<a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">FG</a>–<a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Ireland)" title="Green Party (Ireland)">GP</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidential_elections">Presidential elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fianna_F%C3%A1il&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Presidential elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:97%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Candidate </th> <th>1st pref.<br />votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>+/– </th> <th>Position </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/1938_Irish_general_election" title="1938 Irish general election">1938</a> </td> <td align="center" colspan="5">Supported <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hyde" title="Douglas Hyde">Douglas Hyde</a> as an independent </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/1945_Irish_presidential_election" title="1945 Irish presidential election">1945</a> </td> <td align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_T._O%27Kelly" title="Seán T. O'Kelly">Seán T. O'Kelly</a></b> </td> <td align="center"><b>537,965</b> </td> <td align="center"><b>49.5%</b> </td> <td align="center">— </td> <td align="center">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/1952_Irish_presidential_election" title="1952 Irish presidential election">1952</a> </td> <td align="center" colspan="5">Supported Seán T. O'Kelly as an independent </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/1959_Irish_presidential_election" title="1959 Irish presidential election">1959</a> </td> <td align="center" rowspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera">Éamon de Valera</a></b> </td> <td align="center"><b>538,003</b> </td> <td align="center"><b>56.3%</b> </td> <td align="center">— </td> <td align="center">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/1966_Irish_presidential_election" title="1966 Irish presidential election">1966</a> </td> <td align="center"><b>558,861</b> </td> <td align="center"><b>50.5%</b> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5.8 </td> <td align="center">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/1973_Irish_presidential_election" title="1973 Irish presidential election">1973</a> </td> <td align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Erskine_Hamilton_Childers" title="Erskine Hamilton Childers">Erskine H. Childers</a></b> </td> <td align="center"><b>635,867</b> </td> <td align="center"><b>52%</b> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1.5 </td> <td align="center">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/1974_Irish_presidential_election" title="1974 Irish presidential election">1974</a> </td> <td align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Cearbhall_%C3%93_D%C3%A1laigh" title="Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh">Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh</a></b> </td> <td align="center">Unopposed </td> <td align="center">N/A </td> <td align="center">N/A </td> <td align="center">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/1976_Irish_presidential_election" title="1976 Irish presidential election">1976</a> </td> <td align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Hillery" title="Patrick Hillery">Patrick Hillery</a></b> </td> <td align="center">Unopposed </td> <td align="center">N/A </td> <td align="center">N/A </td> <td align="center">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/1983_Irish_presidential_election" title="1983 Irish presidential election">1983</a> </td> <td align="center" colspan="5">Supported Patrick Hillery as an independent </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/1990_Irish_presidential_election" title="1990 Irish presidential election">1990</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Lenihan_Snr" title="Brian Lenihan Snr">Brian Lenihan</a> </td> <td align="center">694,484 </td> <td align="center">44.1% </td> <td align="center">— </td> <td align="center">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/1997_Irish_presidential_election" title="1997 Irish presidential election">1997</a> </td> <td align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Mary_McAleese" title="Mary McAleese">Mary McAleese</a></b> </td> <td align="center"><b>574,424</b> </td> <td align="center"><b>45.2%</b> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1.1 </td> <td align="center">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/2004_Irish_presidential_election" title="2004 Irish presidential election">2004</a> </td> <td align="center" colspan="5">Supported Mary McAleese as an independent </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/2018_Irish_presidential_election" title="2018 Irish presidential election">2018</a> </td> <td align="center" colspan="5">Supported <a href="/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins">Michael D. Higgins</a> as an independent </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_Parliament">European Parliament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fianna_F%C3%A1il&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: European Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:97%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Leader </th> <th>1st pref<br />Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/− </th> <th>EP Group </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="1979 European Parliament election in Ireland">1979</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lynch" title="Jack Lynch">Jack Lynch</a> </td> <td>464,451 </td> <td>34.68 (#1) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">5 / 15</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #66BB66; width: 33%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>New </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_Progressive_Democrats" title="European Progressive Democrats">EPD</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="1984 European Parliament election in Ireland">1984</a> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Haughey" title="Charles Haughey">Charles Haughey</a> </td> <td>438,946 </td> <td>39.18 (#1) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">8 / 15</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #66BB66; width: 53%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/European_Democratic_Alliance" title="European Democratic Alliance">EDA</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="1989 European Parliament election in Ireland">1989</a> </th> <td>514,537 </td> <td>31.51 (#1) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">6 / 15</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #66BB66; width: 40%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="1994 European Parliament election in Ireland">1994</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Albert_Reynolds" title="Albert Reynolds">Albert Reynolds</a> </td> <td>398,066 </td> <td>35.00 (#1) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">7 / 15</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #66BB66; width: 47%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Union_for_Europe" title="Union for Europe">UFE</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="1999 European Parliament election in Ireland">1999</a> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bertie_Ahern" title="Bertie Ahern">Bertie Ahern</a> </td> <td>537,757 </td> <td>38.64 (#1) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">6 / 15</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #66BB66; width: 40%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Union_for_Europe_of_the_Nations" title="Union for Europe of the Nations">UEN</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="2004 European Parliament election in Ireland">2004</a> </th> <td>524,504 </td> <td>29.45 (#2) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 13</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #66BB66; width: 31%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="2009 European Parliament election in Ireland">2009</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Brian_Cowen" title="Brian Cowen">Brian Cowen</a> </td> <td>440,562 </td> <td>24.08 (#2) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">3 / 12</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #66BB66; width: 25%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_group" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe group">ALDE</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="2014 European Parliament election in Ireland">2014</a> </th> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Miche%C3%A1l_Martin" title="Micheál Martin">Micheál Martin</a> </td> <td>369,545 </td> <td>22.31 (#1) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 11</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #66BB66; width: 9%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="2019 European Parliament election in Ireland">2019</a> </th> <td>277,705 </td> <td>16.55 (#2) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 13</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #66BB66; width: 15%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Renew_Europe" title="Renew Europe">RE</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="2024 European Parliament election in Ireland">2024</a> </th> <td>356,794 </td> <td>20.44 (#2) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 14</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #66BB66; width: 29%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Front_bench">Front bench</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fianna_F%C3%A1il&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Front bench"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il_Front_Bench" title="Fianna Fáil Front Bench">Fianna Fáil Front Bench</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ógra_Fianna_Fáil"><span id=".C3.93gra_Fianna_F.C3.A1il"></span>Ógra Fianna Fáil</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fianna_F%C3%A1il&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Ógra Fianna Fáil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/%C3%93gra_Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Ógra Fianna Fáil">Ógra Fianna Fáil</a></div> <p>Ógra Fianna Fáil serves as the party's official youth wing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fianna_Fáil_and_Northern_Ireland_politics"><span id="Fianna_F.C3.A1il_and_Northern_Ireland_politics"></span>Fianna Fáil and Northern Ireland politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fianna_F%C3%A1il&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Fianna Fáil and Northern Ireland politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 17 September 2007, Fianna Fáil announced that the party would for the first time organise in Northern Ireland. The then Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Dermot_Ahern" title="Dermot Ahern">Dermot Ahern</a> was asked to chair a committee on the matter: "In the period ahead Dermot Ahern will lead efforts to develop that strategy for carrying through this policy, examining timescales and structures. We will act gradually and strategically. We are under no illusions. It will not be easy. It will challenge us all. But I am confident we will succeed".<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The party embarked on its first ever recruitment drive north of the border in September 2007 in northern universities, and established two 'Political Societies', the <a href="/wiki/William_Drennan" title="William Drennan">William Drennan</a> <a href="/wiki/Cumann" title="Cumann">Cumann</a> in Queens University, Belfast, and the Watty Graham Cumann in UU Magee, Derry, which subsequently became official units of Fianna Fáil's youth wing, attaining full membership and voting rights, and attained official voting delegates at the 2012 Ard Fheis. On 23 February 2008, it was announced that a former <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Unionist Party">Ulster Unionist Party</a> (UUP) councillor, Colonel <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Bicker" title="Harvey Bicker">Harvey Bicker</a>, had joined Fianna Fáil.<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bertie Ahern announced on 7 December 2007 that Fianna Fáil had been registered in Northern Ireland by the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_Commission_(United_Kingdom)" title="Electoral Commission (United Kingdom)">UK Electoral Commission</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rte-ukelcomm_181-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rte-ukelcomm-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party's Ard Fheis in 2009 unanimously passed a motion to organise in Northern Ireland by establishing forums, rather than cumainn, in each of its six counties. In December 2009, Fianna Fáil secured its first Northern Ireland Assembly MLA when <a href="/wiki/Gerry_McHugh" title="Gerry McHugh">Gerry McHugh</a>, an independent MLA, announced he had joined the party.<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mr. McHugh confirmed that although he had joined the party, he would continue to sit as an independent MLA. In June 2010, Fianna Fáil opened its first official office in Northern Ireland, in Crossmaglen, County Armagh. The then Taoiseach Brian Cowen officially opened the office, accompanied by Ministers Éamon Ó Cuív and Dermot Ahern and Deputies Rory O’Hanlon and Margaret Conlon. Discussing the party's slow development towards all-Ireland politics, Mr. Cowen observed: "We have a very open and pragmatic approach. We are a constitutional republican party and we make no secret of the aspirations on which this party was founded. It has always been very clear in our mind what it is we are seeking to achieve, that is to reconcile this country and not being prisoners of our past history. To be part of a generation that will build a new Ireland, an Ireland of which we can all be proud".<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fianna Fáil has not contested any elections in Northern Ireland since its registration and recognition there in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the party's 2014 Ard Fheis, a motion was passed without debate to stand candidates for election north of the border for the first time in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 24 January 2019, the party have been in partnership with the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_and_Labour_Party" title="Social Democratic and Labour Party">Social Democratic and Labour Party</a> (SDLP)<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> formerly the main <a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalism" title="Irish nationalism">Irish nationalist</a> party in Northern Ireland, but now smaller than <a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a>. There had long been speculation about the eventual partnership for several years prior. This was initially met with a negative reaction from <a href="/wiki/Seamus_Mallon" title="Seamus Mallon">Seamus Mallon</a>, former Deputy Leader of the SDLP, who stated he would be opposed to any such merger. Former leader of the SDLP <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Ritchie_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Margaret Ritchie (politician)">Margaret Ritchie</a> originally stated publicly that she opposed any merger, announcing to the Labour Party Conference that such a merger would not happen on her "watch". On 10 January 2019, Richie stated that she now supported a new partnership with Fianna Fáil.<sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Both Fianna Fáil and the SDLP currently have shared policies on key areas including addressing the current political situation in Northern Ireland, improving public services in both jurisdictions of Ireland, such as healthcare, housing, education, and governmental reform, and bringing about the further unity and cooperation of the people on the island and arrangements for a future poll on <a href="/wiki/Irish_reunification" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish reunification">Irish reunification</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2022, SDLP party leader <a href="/wiki/Colum_Eastwood" title="Colum Eastwood">Colum Eastwood</a> announced the end of its partnership with Fianna Fáil, saying that the SDLP needed to move forward by "standing on its own two feet".<sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Representation_in_European_institutions">Representation in European institutions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fianna_F%C3%A1il&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Representation in European institutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fianna Fáil joined the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party">Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe</a> (ALDE) party on 16 April 2009, and the party's <a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_European_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Members of the European Parliament">Members of the European Parliament</a> (MEPs) sat in the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Group">ALDE Group</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Seventh_European_Parliament" title="Seventh European Parliament">7th European Parliament</a> term from June 2009 to 1 July 2014. The party is a full member of the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_International" title="Liberal International">Liberal International</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to this, the party was part of the Eurosceptic <a href="/wiki/Union_for_Europe_of_the_Nations" title="Union for Europe of the Nations">Union for Europe of the Nations</a> parliamentary group between 1999 and 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-Gillissen_193-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gillissen-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Party headquarters, over the objections of some MEPs, had made several attempts to sever the party's links to the European right, including an aborted 2004 agreement to join the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party">European Liberal Democrat and Reform</a> (ELDR) Party, with whom it already sat in the <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_in_the_Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe">Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe</a> (ALDE) banner. On 27 February 2009, Taoiseach Brian Cowen announced that Fianna Fáil proposed to join the ELDR Party and intended to sit with them in the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Group">Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe</a> (ALDE) Group in the European Parliament after the <a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election" title="2009 European Parliament election">2009 European elections</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FFfull-text-taoiseach-brian-cowen-at-the-official-opening-of-72nd-fianna-fail_194-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FFfull-text-taoiseach-brian-cowen-at-the-official-opening-of-72nd-fianna-fail-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2009, it was reported that Fianna Fáil had irritated its new Liberal colleagues by failing to vote for the motion on press freedom in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> (resulting in its defeat by a majority of one in the Parliament) and by trying to scupper their party colleagues' initiative for <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights by country or territory">gay rights</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2010, a report by academic experts writing for the votewatch.eu site found that FF "do not seem to toe the political line" of the ALDE Group "when it comes to budget and civil liberties" issues.<sup id="cite_ref-votewatch_154-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-votewatch-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="2014 European Parliament election in Ireland">2014 European elections</a>, Fianna Fáil received 22.3% of first-preference votes but only returned a single <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">MEP</a>, a reduction in representation of two MEPs from the previous term. This was due to a combination of the party's vote further dropping in Dublin and a two candidate strategy in the Midlands North West constituency, which backfired, resulting in sitting MEP <a href="/wiki/Pat_%22the_Cope%22_Gallagher" title="Pat "the Cope" Gallagher">Pat "the Cope" Gallagher</a> losing his seat.<sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 23 June 2014, returning MEP <a href="/wiki/Brian_Crowley" title="Brian Crowley">Brian Crowley</a> announced that he intended to sit with the <a href="/wiki/European_Conservatives_and_Reformists_Group" title="European Conservatives and Reformists Group">European Conservatives and Reformists</a> (ECR) rather than the ALDE group during the upcoming 8th term of the European parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following day on 24 June 2014 Crowley had the Fianna Fáil party whip withdrawn. <sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has since been re-added to Fianna Fáil's website.<sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/European_Committee_of_the_Regions" title="European Committee of the Regions">European Committee of the Regions</a>, Fianna Fáil sits in the <a href="/wiki/Renew_Europe_in_the_European_Committee_of_the_Regions" title="Renew Europe in the European Committee of the Regions">Renew Europe</a> CoR group, with two full and two alternate members for the 2020–2025 mandate.<sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kate Feeney is third vice-president of the Group.<sup id="cite_ref-204" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fianna_F%C3%A1il&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fianna_F%C3%A1il_politicians" title="Category:Fianna Fáil politicians">Fianna Fáil politicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Northern_Ireland" title="List of political parties in Northern Ireland">List of political parties in Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="List of political parties in the Republic of Ireland">List of political parties in the Republic of Ireland</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fianna_F%C3%A1il&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The party has been described as anywhere from <a href="/wiki/Centre-left_politics" title="Centre-left politics">centre-left</a><sup id="cite_ref-p806_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p806-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-y469_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-y469-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">right-wing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Allen2020_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allen2020-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fianna_F%C3%A1il&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030910083611/http://www.ucd.ie/archives/html/collections/fiannafail.htm">"Fianna Fail"</a>. <i>UCD Archives</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucd.ie/archives/html/collections/fiannafail.htm">the original</a> on 10 September 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UCD+Archives&rft.atitle=Fianna+Fail&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucd.ie%2Farchives%2Fhtml%2Fcollections%2Ffiannafail.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fiannafail.ie/lgbtqi">"LGBTQI+ Network"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=LGBTQI%2B+Network&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fiannafail.ie%2Flgbtqi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fiannafail.ie/join-fianna-fail/join-with-full-party-membership">"Join Fianna Fáil"</a>. <i>FiannaFail.ie</i>. 26 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FiannaFail.ie&rft.atitle=Join+Fianna+F%C3%A1il&rft.date=2024-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fiannafail.ie%2Fjoin-fianna-fail%2Fjoin-with-full-party-membership&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Budge-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Budge_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Budge_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Budge_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBudge2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ian_Budge" title="Ian Budge">Budge, Ian</a> (25 July 2008). "Great Britain and Ireland: Variations in Party Government". In <a href="/wiki/Josep_Colomer" title="Josep Colomer">Colomer, Josep M.</a> (ed.). <i>Comparative European Politics</i> (3rd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TZF8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA31">31</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-07354-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-07354-2"><bdi>978-1-134-07354-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Great+Britain+and+Ireland%3A+Variations+in+Party+Government&rft.btitle=Comparative+European+Politics&rft.pages=31&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2008-07-25&rft.isbn=978-1-134-07354-2&rft.aulast=Budge&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunphy2015" class="citation book cs1">Dunphy, Richard (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7stgCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA247">"Ireland"</a>. In Donatella M. Viola (ed.). <i>Routledge Handbook of European Elections</i>. Routledge. p. 247. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-50363-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-50363-7"><bdi>978-1-317-50363-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226015850/https://books.google.com/books?id=7stgCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA247">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ireland&rft.btitle=Routledge+Handbook+of+European+Elections&rft.pages=247&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-317-50363-7&rft.aulast=Dunphy&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7stgCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA247&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhelan2011" class="citation book cs1">Whelan, Noel (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ud_4AwAAQBAJ"><i>A History of Fianna Fáil: The outstanding biography of the party</i></a>. Gill & Macmillan Ltd. p. 219. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0717147618" title="Special:BookSources/978-0717147618"><bdi>978-0717147618</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191222013610/https://books.google.com/books?id=ud_4AwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Fianna+F%C3%A1il%3A+The+outstanding+biography+of+the+party&rft.pages=219&rft.pub=Gill+%26+Macmillan+Ltd&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0717147618&rft.aulast=Whelan&rft.aufirst=Noel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dud_4AwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/members/tds/?tab=party&term=%2Fie%2Foireachtas%2Fhouse%2Fdail%2F33&party=%2Fie%2Foireachtas%2Fparty%2Fdail%2F33%2FFianna_F%C3%A1il">"Find a TD – Houses of the Oireachtas"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220107035332/https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/members/tds/?tab=party&term=%2Fie%2Foireachtas%2Fhouse%2Fdail%2F33&party=%2Fie%2Foireachtas%2Fparty%2Fdail%2F33%2FFianna_F%C3%A1il">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Find+a+TD+%E2%80%93+Houses+of+the+Oireachtas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oireachtas.ie%2Fen%2Fmembers%2Ftds%2F%3Ftab%3Dparty%26term%3D%252Fie%252Foireachtas%252Fhouse%252Fdail%252F33%26party%3D%252Fie%252Foireachtas%252Fparty%252Fdail%252F33%252FFianna_F%25C3%25A1il&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/members/senators/?tab=party&term=%2Fie%2Foireachtas%2Fhouse%2Fseanad%2F26&party=%2Fie%2Foireachtas%2Fparty%2Fseanad%2F26%2FFianna_F%C3%A1il">"Find a Senator – Houses of the Oireachtas"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220107035328/https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/members/senators/?tab=party&term=%2Fie%2Foireachtas%2Fhouse%2Fseanad%2F26&party=%2Fie%2Foireachtas%2Fparty%2Fseanad%2F26%2FFianna_F%C3%A1il">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Find+a+Senator+%E2%80%93+Houses+of+the+Oireachtas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oireachtas.ie%2Fen%2Fmembers%2Fsenators%2F%3Ftab%3Dparty%26term%3D%252Fie%252Foireachtas%252Fhouse%252Fseanad%252F26%26party%3D%252Fie%252Foireachtas%252Fparty%252Fseanad%252F26%252FFianna_F%25C3%25A1il&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/full-list/all">"Full list | MEPs | European Parliament"</a>. Europarl.europa.eu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211028171306/https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/full-list/all">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Full+list+%26%23124%3B+MEPs+%26%23124%3B+European+Parliament&rft.pub=Europarl.europa.eu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2Fmeps%2Fen%2Ffull-list%2Fall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://electionsireland.org/results/local/2019local.cfm">"2019 Local Elections"</a>. <i>electionsireland.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220105193332/https://electionsireland.org/results/local/2019local.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=electionsireland.org&rft.atitle=2019+Local+Elections&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felectionsireland.org%2Fresults%2Flocal%2F2019local.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/dictionary/fianna-fail_n?tl=true">"Fianna Fáil"</a>. <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Fianna+F%C3%A1il&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fdictionary%2Ffianna-fail_n%3Ftl%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/fianna-fail">"Fianna Fáil"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Longman_Dictionary_of_Contemporary_English" title="Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English">Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Longman" title="Longman">Longman</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190814183823/https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/fianna-fail">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Longman+Dictionary+of+Contemporary+English&rft.atitle=Fianna+F%C3%A1il&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ldoceonline.com%2Fdictionary%2Ffianna-fail&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÓ_Dónaill1977" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977). (advisory ed. Tomás de Bhaldraithe) (ed.). <i>Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla</i> (in Irish). Dublin: <a href="/wiki/An_G%C3%BAm" title="An Gúm">An Gúm</a>. pp. 512, 540. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85791-037-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85791-037-7"><bdi>978-1-85791-037-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Focl%C3%B3ir+Gaeilge-B%C3%A9arla&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pages=512%2C+540&rft.pub=An+G%C3%BAm&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-1-85791-037-7&rft.aulast=%C3%93+D%C3%B3naill&rft.aufirst=Niall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BudgeRobertson1987-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BudgeRobertson1987_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BudgeRobertson1987_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBudgeRobertsonHearl1987" class="citation book cs1">Budge, Ian; Robertson, David; Hearl, Derek (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I63z5nm0f94C&pg=PA137"><i>Ideology, Strategy and Party Change: Spatial Analyses of Post-War Election Programmes in 19 Democracies</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. 137. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-30648-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-30648-5"><bdi>978-0-521-30648-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131009074627/http://books.google.com/books?id=I63z5nm0f94C&pg=PA137">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ideology%2C+Strategy+and+Party+Change%3A+Spatial+Analyses+of+Post-War+Election+Programmes+in+19+Democracies&rft.pages=137&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-521-30648-5&rft.aulast=Budge&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft.au=Robertson%2C+David&rft.au=Hearl%2C+Derek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DI63z5nm0f94C%26pg%3DPA137&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171114050821/https://www.fiannafail.ie/about-fianna-fail/">"About Fianna Fáil"</a>. Fianna Fáil. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fiannafail.ie/about-fianna-fail/">the original</a> on 14 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2016</span>. <q>The party's name incorporates the words 'The Republican Party' in its title.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Fianna+F%C3%A1il&rft.pub=Fianna+F%C3%A1il&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fiannafail.ie%2Fabout-fianna-fail%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Banchoff1999_127-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Banchoff1999_127_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFT._Banchoff1999" class="citation book cs1">T. Banchoff (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GgvLEFPY8l4C&pg=PA127"><i>Legitimacy and the European Union</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 127. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-18188-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-18188-4"><bdi>978-0-415-18188-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160313070914/https://books.google.com/books?id=GgvLEFPY8l4C">Archived</a> from the original on 13 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Legitimacy+and+the+European+Union&rft.pages=127&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-415-18188-4&rft.au=T.+Banchoff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGgvLEFPY8l4C%26pg%3DPA127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304203312/https://www.fiannafail.ie/about-fianna-fail/history-of-fianna-fail//">"History of Fianna Fáil"</a>. fiannafail.ie. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fiannafail.ie/about-fianna-fail/history-of-fianna-fail/">the original</a> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Fianna+F%C3%A1il&rft.pub=fiannafail.ie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fiannafail.ie%2Fabout-fianna-fail%2Fhistory-of-fianna-fail%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/feb/26/fianna-fail-irish-general-election">"Fianna Fáil trounced as Fine Gael and Labour set to form coalition"</a>. <i>the Guardian</i>. 26 February 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210623223305/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/feb/26/fianna-fail-irish-general-election">Archived</a> from the original on 23 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=Fianna+F%C3%A1il+trounced+as+Fine+Gael+and+Labour+set+to+form+coalition&rft.date=2011-02-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2011%2Ffeb%2F26%2Ffianna-fail-irish-general-election&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoland2016" class="citation news cs1">Boland, Vincent (7 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/be75a5bf-bd82-3b77-9b14-0ac31997301e">"Ireland's main opposition party rejects coalition deal"</a>. <i>Financial Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170802205051/https://www.ft.com/content/be75a5bf-bd82-3b77-9b14-0ac31997301e">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Ireland%27s+main+opposition+party+rejects+coalition+deal&rft.date=2016-04-07&rft.aulast=Boland&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2Fbe75a5bf-bd82-3b77-9b14-0ac31997301e&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDonald2016" class="citation news cs1">McDonald, Harry (28 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/feb/28/fianna-fail-ceasefire-will-allow-kenny-to-continue-as-taoiseach">"Fianna Fáil truce will allow Kenny to continue as taoiseach"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170802212020/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/feb/28/fianna-fail-ceasefire-will-allow-kenny-to-continue-as-taoiseach">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Fianna+F%C3%A1il+truce+will+allow+Kenny+to+continue+as+taoiseach&rft.date=2016-02-28&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2016%2Ffeb%2F28%2Ffianna-fail-ceasefire-will-allow-kenny-to-continue-as-taoiseach&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aldeparty.eu/members/political-parties">"ALDE Party Members"</a>. Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ALDE+Party+Members&rft.pub=Alliance+of+Liberals+and+Democrats+for+Europe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aldeparty.eu%2Fmembers%2Fpolitical-parties&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2021">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140525043836/http://www.liberal-international.org/site/Full_Members.html">"Full Members of Liberal International"</a>. Liberal International. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liberal-international.org/site/Full_Members.html">the original</a> on 25 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Full+Members+of+Liberal+International&rft.pub=Liberal+International&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liberal-international.org%2Fsite%2FFull_Members.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fiannafail.ie/speech-of-fianna-fail-leader-micheal-martin-td-at-the-announcement-of-fianna-fail-sdlp-partnership-initiative/">"Speech of Fianna Fáil Leader Micheál Martin TD at the announcement of Fianna Fáil/SDLP Partnership Initiative"</a>. 24 January 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200218180435/https://www.fiannafail.ie/speech-of-fianna-fail-leader-micheal-martin-td-at-the-announcement-of-fianna-fail-sdlp-partnership-initiative/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Speech+of+Fianna+F%C3%A1il+Leader+Miche%C3%A1l+Martin+TD+at+the+announcement+of+Fianna+F%C3%A1il%2FSDLP+Partnership+Initiative&rft.date=2019-01-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fiannafail.ie%2Fspeech-of-fianna-fail-leader-micheal-martin-td-at-the-announcement-of-fianna-fail-sdlp-partnership-initiative%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-end-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-end_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBreen2022" class="citation news cs1">Breen, Suzanne (28 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/northern-ireland/sdlp-ends-three-year-partnership-with-fianna-fail-as-party-examines-poor-assembly-election-results-42025139.html">"SDLP ends three-year partnership with Fianna Fail as party examines poor Assembly election results"</a>. <i>Belfast Telegraph</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Belfast+Telegraph&rft.atitle=SDLP+ends+three-year+partnership+with+Fianna+Fail+as+party+examines+poor+Assembly+election+results&rft.date=2022-09-28&rft.aulast=Breen&rft.aufirst=Suzanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.belfasttelegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fnorthern-ireland%2Fsdlp-ends-three-year-partnership-with-fianna-fail-as-party-examines-poor-assembly-election-results-42025139.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040208005923/http://www.nyc.gov/html/records/html/features/devalera.shtml">"Notable New Yorkers – Éamon de Valera"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyc.gov/html/records/html/features/devalera.shtml">the original</a> on 8 February 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Notable+New+Yorkers+%E2%80%93+%C3%89amon+de+Valera&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyc.gov%2Fhtml%2Frecords%2Fhtml%2Ffeatures%2Fdevalera.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>, Irish Republican Split. Search For Basis of Cooperation 13 March 1926</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Mair" title="Peter Mair">Peter Mair</a> and Liam Weeks, "The Party System," in <i>Politics in the Republic of Ireland</i>, ed. John Coakley and Michael Gallagher, 4th ed. (New York: Routledge, 2004), p. 140</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen1997" class="citation book cs1">Allen, Kieran (1997). <i>Fianna Fáil and Irish Labour: 1926 to the Present</i>. Pluto Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7453-0865-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7453-0865-4"><bdi>978-0-7453-0865-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fianna+F%C3%A1il+and+Irish+Labour%3A+1926+to+the+Present&rft.pub=Pluto+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-7453-0865-4&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Kieran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRouseDalyO'Brien2012" class="citation book cs1">Rouse, Paul; Daly, Paul; O'Brien, Ronan (30 April 2012). <i>Making the Difference?: The Irish Labour Party 1912–2012</i>. Gill & Macmillan Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84889-970-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84889-970-4"><bdi>978-1-84889-970-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+the+Difference%3F%3A+The+Irish+Labour+Party+1912%E2%80%932012&rft.pub=Gill+%26+Macmillan+Ltd&rft.date=2012-04-30&rft.isbn=978-1-84889-970-4&rft.aulast=Rouse&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Daly%2C+Paul&rft.au=O%27Brien%2C+Ronan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDowney1998" class="citation book cs1">Downey, James (1998). <i>Lenihan: His Life and Loyalties</i>. Ireland: New Island Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-874597-34-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-874597-34-6"><bdi>978-1-874597-34-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lenihan%3A+His+Life+and+Loyalties&rft.place=Ireland&rft.pub=New+Island+Books&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-874597-34-6&rft.aulast=Downey&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen1993" class="citation book cs1">Allen, Kieran (1993). <i>Fianna Fail and the Irish Labour Movement 1926–1982: From Populism to Corporatism</i>. Trinity College Dublin.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fianna+Fail+and+the+Irish+Labour+Movement+1926%E2%80%931982%3A+From+Populism+to+Corporatism&rft.pub=Trinity+College+Dublin&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Kieran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGreevy" class="citation news cs1">McGreevy, Ronan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/class-warfare-and-shadowy-gunmen-how-the-2020-election-echoes-1932-1.4163679">"Class warfare and shadowy gunmen: How the 2020 election echoes 1932"</a>. <i>The Irish Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210518122141/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/class-warfare-and-shadowy-gunmen-how-the-2020-election-echoes-1932-1.4163679">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Class+warfare+and+shadowy+gunmen%3A+How+the+2020+election+echoes+1932&rft.aulast=McGreevy&rft.aufirst=Ronan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fclass-warfare-and-shadowy-gunmen-how-the-2020-election-echoes-1932-1.4163679&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theirishstory.com/2020/02/12/the-state-will-perish-comparing-the-elections-of-1932-and-2020/#.YZ1-6i2l2Rs">"The 'State will Perish': Comparing the Elections of 1932 and 2020 – The Irish Story"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211123235812/https://www.theirishstory.com/2020/02/12/the-state-will-perish-comparing-the-elections-of-1932-and-2020/#.YZ1-6i2l2Rs">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+%27State+will+Perish%27%3A+Comparing+the+Elections+of+1932+and+2020+%E2%80%93+The+Irish+Story&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theirishstory.com%2F2020%2F02%2F12%2Fthe-state-will-perish-comparing-the-elections-of-1932-and-2020%2F%23.YZ1-6i2l2Rs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_34-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_34-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_34-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Leaders-of-Ireland-1935162">"Leaders of Ireland"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200731050515/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Leaders-of-Ireland-1935162">Archived</a> from the original on 31 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Leaders+of+Ireland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FLeaders-of-Ireland-1935162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ferriter,_2007-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ferriter,_2007_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ferriter, <i>Judging Dev: A Reassessment of the Life and Legacy of Éamon de Valera</i> (2007), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-904890-28-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-904890-28-8">1-904890-28-8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphy2021" class="citation book cs1">Murphy, Gary (2021). <i>Haughey</i>. Gill Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7171-9364-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7171-9364-6"><bdi>978-0-7171-9364-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Haughey&rft.pub=Gill+Books&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-0-7171-9364-6&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Gary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rte.ie/brainstorm/2020/0505/1136524-arms-crisis-debacle-1970-haughey-blaney-lynch/">"All you need to know about the 1970 Arms Crisis"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210318054518/https://www.rte.ie/brainstorm/2020/0505/1136524-arms-crisis-debacle-1970-haughey-blaney-lynch/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=All+you+need+to+know+about+the+1970+Arms+Crisis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rte.ie%2Fbrainstorm%2F2020%2F0505%2F1136524-arms-crisis-debacle-1970-haughey-blaney-lynch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rte.ie/archives/2017/0126/847880-taoiseach-charles-haughey-to-resign/">"PDs Force Taoiseach's Resignation 1992"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89" title="RTÉ">RTÉ</a></i>. 30 January 1992. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210413070205/https://www.rte.ie/archives/2017/0126/847880-taoiseach-charles-haughey-to-resign/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RT%C3%89&rft.atitle=PDs+Force+Taoiseach%27s+Resignation+1992&rft.date=1992-01-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rte.ie%2Farchives%2F2017%2F0126%2F847880-taoiseach-charles-haughey-to-resign%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeild2008" class="citation news cs1">Neild, Barry (2 April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/mar/24/bertie-ahern-resigns-fianna-fail">"Bertie Ahern resigns from Fianna Fáil"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201113171011/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/mar/24/bertie-ahern-resigns-fianna-fail">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Bertie+Ahern+resigns+from+Fianna+F%C3%A1il&rft.date=2008-04-02&rft.aulast=Neild&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2012%2Fmar%2F24%2Fbertie-ahern-resigns-fianna-fail&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-liquidate-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-liquidate_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-liquidate_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishtimes.com/news/angry-electorate-coldly-voted-to-liquidate-fianna-f%C3%A1il-1.583810">"Angry electorate coldly voted to liquidate Fianna Fáil"</a>. <i>The Irish Times</i>. 28 February 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151005222741/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/angry-electorate-coldly-voted-to-liquidate-fianna-f%C3%A1il-1.583810">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Angry+electorate+coldly+voted+to+liquidate+Fianna+F%C3%A1il&rft.date=2011-02-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fangry-electorate-coldly-voted-to-liquidate-fianna-f%25C3%25A1il-1.583810&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10%_satisfied_with_Govt_performance-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10%_satisfied_with_Govt_performance_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rte.ie/news/2009/0226/poll.html">"10% satisfied with Govt performance"</a>. <a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89" title="RTÉ">RTÉ</a>. 26 February 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090228055803/http://www.rte.ie/news/2009/0226/poll.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=10%25+satisfied+with+Govt+performance&rft.date=2009-02-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rte.ie%2Fnews%2F2009%2F0226%2Fpoll.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/recapturing-relevance-a-huge-challenge-for-ff-1.560434">"Recapturing relevance a huge challenge for FF"</a>. <i>The Irish Times</i>. 1 May 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151005055455/http://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/recapturing-relevance-a-huge-challenge-for-ff-1.560434">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Recapturing+relevance+a+huge+challenge+for+FF&rft.date=2011-05-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fopinion%2Frecapturing-relevance-a-huge-challenge-for-ff-1.560434&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_National_UAE-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_National_UAE_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaughey2010" class="citation news cs1">Haughey, Nuala (23 November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenational.ae/news/world/europe/irish-government-teeters-on-the-brink">"Irish government teeters on the brink"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_National_(Abu_Dhabi)" title="The National (Abu Dhabi)">The National</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170106102622/http://www.thenational.ae/news/world/europe/irish-government-teeters-on-the-brink">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+National&rft.atitle=Irish+government+teeters+on+the+brink&rft.date=2010-11-23&rft.aulast=Haughey&rft.aufirst=Nuala&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenational.ae%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Firish-government-teeters-on-the-brink&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/opinion/2011/0301/1224291075967.html">"Recapturing relevance a huge challenge for FF"</a>. <i>The Irish Times</i>. 1 May 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110303053110/http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/opinion/2011/0301/1224291075967.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Recapturing+relevance+a+huge+challenge+for+FF&rft.date=2011-05-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnewspaper%2Fopinion%2F2011%2F0301%2F1224291075967.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFD.)FarrellMcElroy2017" class="citation book cs1">D.), Michael Marsh (Ph; Farrell, David M.; McElroy, Gail (6 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=doEjDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA209"><i>A Conservative Revolution?: Electoral Change in Twenty-first-century Ireland</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198744030" title="Special:BookSources/9780198744030"><bdi>9780198744030</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210521091306/https://books.google.com/books?id=doEjDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA209">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2019</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Conservative+Revolution%3F%3A+Electoral+Change+in+Twenty-first-century+Ireland&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2017-09-06&rft.isbn=9780198744030&rft.aulast=D.%29&rft.aufirst=Michael+Marsh+%28Ph&rft.au=Farrell%2C+David+M.&rft.au=McElroy%2C+Gail&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdoEjDgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA209&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson2015" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, Wayne C. (13 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-apcCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA87"><i>Western Europe 2015–2016</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781475818857" title="Special:BookSources/9781475818857"><bdi>9781475818857</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210521091210/https://books.google.com/books?id=-apcCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA87">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2019</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Western+Europe+2015%E2%80%932016&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2015-08-13&rft.isbn=9781475818857&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Wayne+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-apcCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGee2011" class="citation news cs1">McGee, Harry (22 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/cowen-resigns-as-ff-leader-but-to-remain-as-taoiseach-1.870518">"Cowen resigns as FF leader, but to remain as Taoiseach"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Times" title="The Irish Times">The Irish Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210314184228/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/cowen-resigns-as-ff-leader-but-to-remain-as-taoiseach-1.870518">Archived</a> from the original on 14 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Cowen+resigns+as+FF+leader%2C+but+to+remain+as+Taoiseach&rft.date=2011-01-22&rft.aulast=McGee&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fcowen-resigns-as-ff-leader-but-to-remain-as-taoiseach-1.870518&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stepaside-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stepaside_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHawkins2009" class="citation news cs1">Hawkins, Ed (18 January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220226124713/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/">"Take control or step aside, Mr. Cowen"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Times" title="The Sunday Times">The Sunday Times</a></i>. London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/ireland/article5537732.ece">the original</a> on 26 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sunday+Times&rft.atitle=Take+control+or+step+aside%2C+Mr.+Cowen&rft.date=2009-01-18&rft.aulast=Hawkins&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fireland%2Farticle5537732.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-worstweek-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-worstweek_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.ie/national-news/the-worst-week-for-the-worst-taoiseach-in-the-states-history-2507517.html">"The worst week for the worst Taoiseach in the State's history"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Irish_Independent" title="Irish Independent">Irish Independent</a></i>. 23 January 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120801215500/http://www.independent.ie/national-news/the-worst-week-for-the-worst-taoiseach-in-the-states-history-2507517.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Independent&rft.atitle=The+worst+week+for+the+worst+Taoiseach+in+the+State%27s+history&rft.date=2011-01-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.ie%2Fnational-news%2Fthe-worst-week-for-the-worst-taoiseach-in-the-states-history-2507517.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDonald2016" class="citation news cs1">McDonald, Henry (3 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/may/03/ireland-to-have-minority-fine-gael-government-after-deal-agreed">"Ireland to have minority Fine Gael government after deal agreed"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210323200610/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/may/03/ireland-to-have-minority-fine-gael-government-after-deal-agreed">Archived</a> from the original on 23 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Ireland+to+have+minority+Fine+Gael+government+after+deal+agreed&rft.date=2016-05-03&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2016%2Fmay%2F03%2Fireland-to-have-minority-fine-gael-government-after-deal-agreed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinn2018" class="citation news cs1">Finn, Christina (15 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejournal.ie/fianna-fail-abortion-referendum-2-4236367-Sep2018/">"One year on: Advice given to FF on their abortion referendum position was ignored – but will they learn from it?"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210321001439/https://www.thejournal.ie/fianna-fail-abortion-referendum-2-4236367-Sep2018/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=One+year+on%3A+Advice+given+to+FF+on+their+abortion+referendum+position+was+ignored+%E2%80%93+but+will+they+learn+from+it%3F&rft.date=2018-09-15&rft.aulast=Finn&rft.aufirst=Christina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejournal.ie%2Ffianna-fail-abortion-referendum-2-4236367-Sep2018%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/arid-30840832.html">"Majority of Fianna Fail TDs gather to call on voters to say 'No' to repeal of 8th"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Irish_Examiner" title="Irish Examiner">Irish Examiner</a></i>. 3 May 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200813003724/https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/arid-30840832.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Examiner&rft.atitle=Majority+of+Fianna+Fail+TDs+gather+to+call+on+voters+to+say+%27No%27+to+repeal+of+8th&rft.date=2018-05-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishexaminer.com%2Fnews%2Farid-30840832.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-l294-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-l294_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBardon2018" class="citation news cs1">Bardon, Sarah (3 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/photo-shows-extent-of-fianna-fail-party-backing-for-no-vote-1.3482017">"Photo shows extent of Fianna Fáil party backing for No vote"</a>. <i>The Irish Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Photo+shows+extent+of+Fianna+F%C3%A1il+party+backing+for+No+vote&rft.date=2018-05-03&rft.aulast=Bardon&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fphoto-shows-extent-of-fianna-fail-party-backing-for-no-vote-1.3482017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarroll2020" class="citation news cs1">Carroll, Rory (15 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/15/fine-gael-fianna-fail-and-greens-agree-deal-to-form-irish-coalition">"Fine Gael, Fianna Fáil and Greens agree deal to form Irish coalition"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210203032423/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/15/fine-gael-fianna-fail-and-greens-agree-deal-to-form-irish-coalition">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Fine+Gael%2C+Fianna+F%C3%A1il+and+Greens+agree+deal+to+form+Irish+coalition&rft.date=2020-06-15&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=Rory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2020%2Fjun%2F15%2Ffine-gael-fianna-fail-and-greens-agree-deal-to-form-irish-coalition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/arid-40036886.html">"Dara Calleary resigns as deputy leader of Fianna Fáíl"</a>. <i>Irish Examiner</i>. 24 August 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200824095159/https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/arid-40036886.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Examiner&rft.atitle=Dara+Calleary+resigns+as+deputy+leader+of+Fianna+F%C3%A1%C3%ADl&rft.date=2020-08-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishexaminer.com%2Fnews%2Farid-40036886.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToghannEire2021" class="citation web cs1">@ToghannEire (9 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/ToghannEire/status/1413496729484206084">"We believe this *could* be Fianna Fáil's worst election result since their first election in 1927"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>) – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=We+believe+this+%2Acould%2A+be+Fianna+F%C3%A1il%27s+worst+election+result+since+their+first+election+in+1927.&rft.date=2021-07-09&rft.au=ToghannEire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FToghannEire%2Fstatus%2F1413496729484206084&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Taoiseach_not_concerned-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Taoiseach_not_concerned_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGee2021" class="citation news cs1">McGee, Harry (9 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/taoiseach-not-concerned-for-his-leadership-after-ff-byelection-performance-1.4616259">"Taoiseach 'not concerned' for his leadership after FF byelection performance"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Times" title="The Irish Times">The Irish Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210709183605/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/taoiseach-not-concerned-for-his-leadership-after-ff-byelection-performance-1.4616259">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2021</span>. <q>Fianna Fáil's worst-ever electoral performance has raised serious questions about the future leadership of Mr Martin, a number of its TDs have said..."I do believe we need to ask the real, tough questions and that includes the leadership", said one TD. "It is an appropriate question to ask now in the light of the worst election in the party's history."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Taoiseach+%27not+concerned%27+for+his+leadership+after+FF+byelection+performance&rft.date=2021-07-09&rft.aulast=McGee&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Ftaoiseach-not-concerned-for-his-leadership-after-ff-byelection-performance-1.4616259&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.corkbeo.ie/news/local-news/taoiseach-not-worried-party-leadership-21017003">"Taoiseach is "not worried" about party leadership after Fianna Fail suffer worst ever election result"</a>. 9 July 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210709170857/https://www.corkbeo.ie/news/local-news/taoiseach-not-worried-party-leadership-21017003">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Taoiseach+is+%22not+worried%22+about+party+leadership+after+Fianna+Fail+suffer+worst+ever+election+result&rft.date=2021-07-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.corkbeo.ie%2Fnews%2Flocal-news%2Ftaoiseach-not-worried-party-leadership-21017003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Politico-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Politico_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPogatchnik2021" class="citation news cs1">Pogatchnik, Shawn (9 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.eu/article/ireland-bacik-dublin-bay-south-varadkar-fine-gael-fianna-fail-labour/">"Housing crisis spurs opposition win in Irish by-election"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Politico.eu" class="mw-redirect" title="Politico.eu">politico.eu</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210711131238/https://www.politico.eu/article/ireland-bacik-dublin-bay-south-varadkar-fine-gael-fianna-fail-labour/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=politico.eu&rft.atitle=Housing+crisis+spurs+opposition+win+in+Irish+by-election&rft.date=2021-07-09&rft.aulast=Pogatchnik&rft.aufirst=Shawn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2Fireland-bacik-dublin-bay-south-varadkar-fine-gael-fianna-fail-labour%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuffy2021" class="citation news cs1">Duffy, Rónán (9 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejournal.ie/dublin-bay-south-ivana-bacik-5490843-Jul2021/">"Ivana Bacik promises to be 'strong, progressive, woman's voice' as she's elected to the Dáil"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210709210301/https://www.thejournal.ie/dublin-bay-south-ivana-bacik-5490843-Jul2021/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ivana+Bacik+promises+to+be+%27strong%2C+progressive%2C+woman%27s+voice%27+as+she%27s+elected+to+the+D%C3%A1il&rft.date=2021-07-09&rft.aulast=Duffy&rft.aufirst=R%C3%B3n%C3%A1n&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejournal.ie%2Fdublin-bay-south-ivana-bacik-5490843-Jul2021%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RTE_Cowen-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RTE_Cowen_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rte.ie/news/politics/2021/0710/1234305-fianna-fail/">"Cowen calls for FF party meeting to discuss by-election result"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_News" title="RTÉ News">RTÉ News</a></i>. 10 July 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210711025357/https://www.rte.ie/news/politics/2021/0710/1234305-fianna-fail/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RT%C3%89+News&rft.atitle=Cowen+calls+for+FF+party+meeting+to+discuss+by-election+result&rft.date=2021-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rte.ie%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F2021%2F0710%2F1234305-fianna-fail%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Connell2023" class="citation news cs1">O'Connell, Hugh (8 February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/politics/former-taoiseach-bertie-ahern-rejoins-fianna-fail-more-than-10-years-after-quitting-the-party-42333638.html">"Former Taoiseach Bertie Ahern rejoins Fianna Fáil more than 10 years after quitting the party"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Irish_Independent" title="Irish Independent">Irish Independent</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Independent&rft.atitle=Former+Taoiseach+Bertie+Ahern+rejoins+Fianna+F%C3%A1il+more+than+10+years+after+quitting+the+party&rft.date=2023-02-08&rft.aulast=O%27Connell&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.ie%2Firish-news%2Fpolitics%2Fformer-taoiseach-bertie-ahern-rejoins-fianna-fail-more-than-10-years-after-quitting-the-party-42333638.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoughlanMcCarronMcDonald2024" class="citation news cs1">Coughlan, Jack; McCarron, Mark; McDonald, Kate (1 June 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rte.ie/news/primetime/2024/0615/1454850-beyond-the-banner-who-was-elected-for-independent-ireland/">"Beyond the banner: who was elected for Independent Ireland?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_News" title="RTÉ News">RTÉ News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RT%C3%89+News&rft.atitle=Beyond+the+banner%3A+who+was+elected+for+Independent+Ireland%3F&rft.date=2024-06-01&rft.aulast=Coughlan&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft.au=McCarron%2C+Mark&rft.au=McDonald%2C+Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rte.ie%2Fnews%2Fprimetime%2F2024%2F0615%2F1454850-beyond-the-banner-who-was-elected-for-independent-ireland%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Fianna-Fail">"Fianna Fail | History, Policies, & Facts"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170720194559/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Fianna-Fail">Archived</a> from the original on 20 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Fianna+Fail+%7C+History%2C+Policies%2C+%26+Facts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FFianna-Fail&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/fianna-fail-faces-crisis-in-party-s-structure-says-report-1.440237">"Fianna Fail faces crisis in party's structure, says report"</a>. <i>The Irish Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200529205655/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/fianna-fail-faces-crisis-in-party-s-structure-says-report-1.440237">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Fianna+Fail+faces+crisis+in+party%27s+structure%2C+says+report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Ffianna-fail-faces-crisis-in-party-s-structure-says-report-1.440237&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/fianna-fail-s-decline-1.441081">"Fianna Fail's decline"</a>. <i>The Irish Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201128174418/https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/fianna-fail-s-decline-1.441081">Archived</a> from the original on 28 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Fianna+Fail%27s+decline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fopinion%2Ffianna-fail-s-decline-1.441081&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-komito-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-komito_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKomito1985" class="citation thesis cs1">Komito, Lee (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucd.ie/lis/staff/komito/thesis.htm"><i>Politics and Clientelism in Urban Ireland: Information, reputation, and brokerage</i></a> (PhD). Ann Arbor, Michigan: University Microfilms International. 8603660. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222033654/http://www.ucd.ie/lis/staff/komito/thesis.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2013</span>. <q>The only exception was Neil Blaney in Donegal. Blaney had a very strong personal following in Donegal and, perhaps most importantly, was able to claim that it was everyone who remained in Fianna Fáil that had actually departed from party ideals. In nationalist Donegal, the claim that he represented the true Fianna Fáil seemed effective.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Politics+and+Clientelism+in+Urban+Ireland%3A+Information%2C+reputation%2C+and+brokerage&rft.inst=University+Microfilms+International&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Komito&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucd.ie%2Flis%2Fstaff%2Fkomito%2Fthesis.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite2011" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_White_(journalist)" title="Michael White (journalist)">White, Michael</a> (25 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/feb/25/irish-general-election-parties-divided">"Irish general election turns into slanging match with parties divided"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921065508/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/feb/25/irish-general-election-parties-divided">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Irish+general+election+turns+into+slanging+match+with+parties+divided&rft.date=2011-02-25&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2011%2Ffeb%2F25%2Firish-general-election-parties-divided&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/weekend/2011/0827/1224303046802.html">"Fianna Fáil has lost the local knowledge. The grassroots are not being listened to"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Times" title="The Irish Times">The Irish Times</a></i>. 27 August 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110830101724/http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/weekend/2011/0827/1224303046802.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Fianna+F%C3%A1il+has+lost+the+local+knowledge.+The+grassroots+are+not+being+listened+to&rft.date=2011-08-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnewspaper%2Fweekend%2F2011%2F0827%2F1224303046802.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-k318-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-k318_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-k318_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawless2024" class="citation web cs1">Lawless, Jill (8 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/voters-are-being-asked-to-change-irelands-constitution-which-says-a-womans-place-is-in-the-home">"Voters are being asked to change Ireland's Constitution which says a woman's place is in the home"</a>. <i>PBS News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2024</span>. <q>...including centrist government coalition partners Fianna Fail and Fine Gael...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PBS+News&rft.atitle=Voters+are+being+asked+to+change+Ireland%27s+Constitution+which+says+a+woman%27s+place+is+in+the+home&rft.date=2024-03-08&rft.aulast=Lawless&rft.aufirst=Jill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fnewshour%2Fworld%2Fvoters-are-being-asked-to-change-irelands-constitution-which-says-a-womans-place-is-in-the-home&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-t556-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-t556_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cyxx9rrwgzvo">"Irish elections: Fine Gael, Fianna Fáil lead as count continues"</a>. <i>BBC Home</i>. 10 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2024</span>. <q>Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael, both centrist parties, are likely to be the first announced MEPs to return to Brussels.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+Home&rft.atitle=Irish+elections%3A+Fine+Gael%2C+Fianna+F%C3%A1il+lead+as+count+continues&rft.date=2024-06-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Fcyxx9rrwgzvo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-i288-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-i288_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrayer2024" class="citation web cs1">Frayer, Lauren (15 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2024/03/15/1238876771/how-sinn-fein-has-made-themselves-over">"How Sinn Fein has made themselves over"</a>. <i>NPR</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2024</span>. <q>For them, Sinn Fein is a left-wing alternative to the two centrist parties, Fine Gael and Fianna Fail, who've dominated Irish politics since just after independence from Britain in 1921.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=How+Sinn+Fein+has+made+themselves+over&rft.date=2024-03-15&rft.aulast=Frayer&rft.aufirst=Lauren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2024%2F03%2F15%2F1238876771%2Fhow-sinn-fein-has-made-themselves-over&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-w947-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-w947_73-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-w947_73-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarke2020" class="citation web cs1">Clarke, Seán (11 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/feb/10/ireland-election-latest-results-live-sinn-fein-fine-gael-fianna-fail">"Irish general election: full results"</a>. <i>the Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2024</span>. <q>A centrist, ideologically malleable party</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=Irish+general+election%3A+full+results&rft.date=2020-02-11&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=Se%C3%A1n&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2020%2Ffeb%2F10%2Fireland-election-latest-results-live-sinn-fein-fine-gael-fianna-fail&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-h933-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-h933_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Leary2020" class="citation web cs1">O'Leary, Naomi (3 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.eu/article/why-sinn-fein-is-surging-in-the-irish-election/">"Why Sinn Féin is surging in the Irish election"</a>. <i>POLITICO</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2024</span>. <q>POLITICO's poll of polls shows liberal-conservative Fine Gael and Sinn Féin both polling at 21 percent, behind the centrist Fianna Fáil at 25 percent — with some individual polls putting Sinn Féin firmly in second place.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=POLITICO&rft.atitle=Why+Sinn+F%C3%A9in+is+surging+in+the+Irish+election&rft.date=2020-02-03&rft.aulast=O%27Leary&rft.aufirst=Naomi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2Fwhy-sinn-fein-is-surging-in-the-irish-election%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-c553-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-c553_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelpie2020" class="citation web cs1">Kelpie, Colm (6 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-51386410">"Irish general election: Profile of Irish political parties"</a>. <i>BBC Home</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2024</span>. <q>Fianna Fáil, the centrist party, historically appealed across all social divides.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+Home&rft.atitle=Irish+general+election%3A+Profile+of+Irish+political+parties&rft.date=2020-02-06&rft.aulast=Kelpie&rft.aufirst=Colm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-51386410&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-q657-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-q657_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedberg2020" class="citation journal cs1">Friedberg, James J. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bolognalawreview.unibo.it/article/view/11381">"Brexit, the Misrepresentation of Democracy, and the Rock of Gibraltar"</a>. <i>University of Bologna Law Review</i>. <b>5</b>: No 1 (2020). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.6092%2FISSN.2531-6133%2F11381">10.6092/ISSN.2531-6133/11381</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2024</span>. <q>First, the recent unprecedented plurality victory of Sinn Fein in Irish elections gives power to a party ... which is likely to be more demanding of immediate reunification of Ireland than have been the duopolist Fine Gael and Fianna Fail centrist parties.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=University+of+Bologna+Law+Review&rft.atitle=Brexit%2C+the+Misrepresentation+of+Democracy%2C+and+the+Rock+of+Gibraltar&rft.volume=5&rft.pages=No+1+%282020%29&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.6092%2FISSN.2531-6133%2F11381&rft.aulast=Friedberg&rft.aufirst=James+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbolognalawreview.unibo.it%2Farticle%2Fview%2F11381&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/politics/fianna-fail-on-election-footing-now-says-martin-30874717.html">Fianna Fail on election footing now, says Martin</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170830160659/http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/politics/fianna-fail-on-election-footing-now-says-martin-30874717.html">Archived</a> 30 August 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Irish Independent</i>. Author – Daniel McConnell. Published 1 January 2015. Retrieved 18 July 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-b268-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-b268_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voanews.com/a/europe_irelands-martin-lead-historic-government-coalition/6191868.html">"Ireland's Martin to Lead Historic Government Coalition"</a>. <i>Associated Press (Voice of America)</i>. 28 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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This move also implies that, unlike in the elections between 2002 and 2011, Fine Gael is now placed considerably to the right of Fianna Fáil.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+College+Dublin&rft.atitle=The+substance+of+the+left-right+dimension+in+Ireland&rft.date=2021-09-21&rft.aulast=D%C3%A4ubler&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucd.ie%2Fconnected_politics%2Fblog%2Fthesubstanceoftheleft-rightdimensioninireland%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-v196-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-v196_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReilly2020" class="citation web cs1">Reilly, Gavan (7 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/irish-election-a-united-ireland-a-disunited-kingdom/a-52289023">"A United Ireland, a Disunited Kingdom? – DW – 02/07/2020"</a>. <i>dw.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2024</span>. <q>The 2011 election saw the near-wipeout of the centrist Fianna Fail rulers, who had been the largest party in every Irish parliament since the 1930s.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dw.com&rft.atitle=A+United+Ireland%2C+a+Disunited+Kingdom%3F+%E2%80%93+DW+%E2%80%93+02%2F07%2F2020&rft.date=2020-02-07&rft.aulast=Reilly&rft.aufirst=Gavan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Firish-election-a-united-ireland-a-disunited-kingdom%2Fa-52289023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><sup id="cite_ref-k318_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-k318-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-t556_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-t556-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-i288_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-i288-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-w947_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-w947-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-h933_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h933-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-c553_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c553-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-q657_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-q657-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-b268_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b268-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-t804_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-t804-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-r308_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r308-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-v196_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-v196-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Devitt2021-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Devitt2021_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCamilla_Devitt2021" class="citation book cs1">Camilla Devitt (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aPAxEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA90">"Ireland"</a>. In y Ellen M. Immergut; Karen M. Anderson; Camilla Devitt; Tamara Popic (eds.). <i>Health Politics in Europe: A Handbook</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780192604248" title="Special:BookSources/9780192604248"><bdi>9780192604248</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ireland&rft.btitle=Health+Politics+in+Europe%3A+A+Handbook&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9780192604248&rft.au=Camilla+Devitt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaPAxEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA90&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NorrisInglehart2019-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NorrisInglehart2019_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPippa_NorrisRonald_Inglehart2019" class="citation book cs1">Pippa Norris; Ronald Inglehart (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X96CDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA245"><i>Cultural Backlash and the Rise of Populism: Trump, Brexit, and Authoritarian Populism</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 245. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781108426077" title="Special:BookSources/9781108426077"><bdi>9781108426077</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cultural+Backlash+and+the+Rise+of+Populism%3A+Trump%2C+Brexit%2C+and+Authoritarian+Populism&rft.pages=245&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9781108426077&rft.au=Pippa+Norris&rft.au=Ronald+Inglehart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX96CDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA245&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dunphy2016A-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dunphy2016A_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_Dunphy2016" class="citation book cs1">Richard Dunphy (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7stgCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA246">"Ireland"</a>. In Donatella M. Viola (ed.). <i>Routledge Handbook of European Elections</i>. Routledge. p. 246. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317503637" title="Special:BookSources/9781317503637"><bdi>9781317503637</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ireland&rft.btitle=Routledge+Handbook+of+European+Elections&rft.pages=246&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781317503637&rft.au=Richard+Dunphy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7stgCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA246&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p441-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-p441_88-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p441_88-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p441_88-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPuirséil2016" class="citation journal cs1">Puirséil, Niamh (29 December 2016). "Fianna Fáil and the evolution of an ambiguous ideology". <i>Irish Political Studies</i>. <b>32</b> (1). Informa UK Limited: 49–71. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F07907184.2016.1269755">10.1080/07907184.2016.1269755</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0790-7184">0790-7184</a>. <q>Note: In Ireland, both Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael can be categorised as centre-right parties, although the former has a more populist outlook, favours more economic interventionism and some of its leaders have sometimes referred to the party's fuzzy ideology as 'left of centre'.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Political+Studies&rft.atitle=Fianna+F%C3%A1il+and+the+evolution+of+an+ambiguous+ideology&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=49-71&rft.date=2016-12-29&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F07907184.2016.1269755&rft.issn=0790-7184&rft.aulast=Puirs%C3%A9il&rft.aufirst=Niamh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-g236-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-g236_89-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-g236_89-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMüllerRegan2021" class="citation journal cs1">Müller, Stefan; Regan, Aidan (8 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/bitstream/document/88966/1/ssoar-irpolstu-2021-4-muller_et_al-Are_Irish_voters_moving_to.pdf">"Are Irish voters moving to the left?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Irish Political Studies</i>. <b>36</b> (4). Informa UK Limited: 535–555. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F07907184.2021.1973737">10.1080/07907184.2021.1973737</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0790-7184">0790-7184</a>. <q>At the ballot box, the two dominant centrist and centre-right parties – Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael – have seen their vote share decline to less than 45 per cent ... Today, both parties cluster in the European liberal-centre, with Fianna Fail perhaps struggling the most in terms of party identity.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Political+Studies&rft.atitle=Are+Irish+voters+moving+to+the+left%3F&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=535-555&rft.date=2021-09-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F07907184.2021.1973737&rft.issn=0790-7184&rft.aulast=M%C3%BCller&rft.aufirst=Stefan&rft.au=Regan%2C+Aidan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ssoar.info%2Fssoar%2Fbitstream%2Fdocument%2F88966%2F1%2Fssoar-irpolstu-2021-4-muller_et_al-Are_Irish_voters_moving_to.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hearne_2020-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hearne_2020_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRory_Hearne2020" class="citation book cs1">Rory Hearne (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0gfpDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA112PAGES=111-112"><i>Housing Shock: The Irish Housing Crisis and How to Solve It</i></a>. Policy Press, University of Bristol. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781447353898" title="Special:BookSources/9781447353898"><bdi>9781447353898</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Housing+Shock%3A+The+Irish+Housing+Crisis+and+How+to+Solve+It&rft.pub=Policy+Press%2C+University+of+Bristol&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9781447353898&rft.au=Rory+Hearne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0gfpDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA112PAGES%3D111-112&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-g024-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-g024_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFahy2020" class="citation web cs1">Fahy, Graham (25 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/world/irelands-dominant-centre-right-parties-to-continue-post-election-talks-idUSKBN20J2G9/">"Ireland's dominant centre-right parties to continue post-election talks"</a>. <i>Reuters</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2024</span>. <q>The leaders of Ireland's two largest centre-right parties, Fine Gael and Fianna Fail...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Ireland%27s+dominant+centre-right+parties+to+continue+post-election+talks&rft.date=2020-02-25&rft.aulast=Fahy&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fworld%2Firelands-dominant-centre-right-parties-to-continue-post-election-talks-idUSKBN20J2G9%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TaylorFlynn2008-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TaylorFlynn2008_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylorFlynn2008" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, George; Flynn, Brendan (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BJmqUTBiZ3EC&pg=PA97">"The Irish Greens"</a>. In E. Gene Frankland; Paul Lucardie; Benoît Rihoux (eds.). <i>Green Parties in Transition: The End of Grass-roots Democracy?</i>. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 97. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-7429-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-7429-0"><bdi>978-0-7546-7429-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226015057/https://books.google.com/books?id=BJmqUTBiZ3EC&pg=PA97">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Irish+Greens&rft.btitle=Green+Parties+in+Transition%3A+The+End+of+Grass-roots+Democracy%3F&rft.pages=97&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7546-7429-0&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=George&rft.au=Flynn%2C+Brendan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBJmqUTBiZ3EC%26pg%3DPA97&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FarnhamHondeghem2016-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FarnhamHondeghem2016_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarlowFarnhamHortonRidley2016" class="citation book cs1">Barlow, John; Farnham, David; Horton, Sylvia; Ridley, F.F. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UJu-DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA19">"Comparing Public Managers"</a>. In David Farnham; Annie Hondeghem; Sylvia Horton; John Barlow (eds.). <i>New Public Managers in Europe: Public Servants in Transition</i>. Springer. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-13947-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-13947-7"><bdi>978-1-349-13947-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226015059/https://books.google.com/books?id=UJu-DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA19">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Comparing+Public+Managers&rft.btitle=New+Public+Managers+in+Europe%3A+Public+Servants+in+Transition&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-349-13947-7&rft.aulast=Barlow&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Farnham%2C+David&rft.au=Horton%2C+Sylvia&rft.au=Ridley%2C+F.F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUJu-DAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardiantitley-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-guardiantitley_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTitley2011" class="citation news cs1">Titley, Gavan (24 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/feb/24/fine-gael-fianna-fail-ireland">"Beyond the yin and yang of Fine Gael and Fianna Fáil"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Beyond+the+yin+and+yang+of+Fine+Gael+and+Fianna+F%C3%A1il&rft.date=2011-02-24&rft.aulast=Titley&rft.aufirst=Gavan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2011%2Ffeb%2F24%2Ffine-gael-fianna-fail-ireland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><sup id="cite_ref-Devitt2021_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Devitt2021-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NorrisInglehart2019_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NorrisInglehart2019-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dunphy2016A_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dunphy2016A-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-p441_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p441-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-g236_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g236-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hearne_2020_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hearne_2020-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-g024_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g024-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TaylorFlynn2008_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TaylorFlynn2008-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FarnhamHondeghem2016_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FarnhamHondeghem2016-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-guardiantitley_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardiantitley-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p806-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-p806_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHumphriesHalpin2016" class="citation web cs1">Humphries, Conor; Halpin, Padraic (3 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/world/irish-pm-calls-election-as-economy-takes-centre-stage-idUSKCN0VC0Z9/">"Irish PM calls election as economy takes centre stage"</a>. <i>Reuters</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Irish+PM+calls+election+as+economy+takes+centre+stage&rft.date=2016-02-03&rft.aulast=Humphries&rft.aufirst=Conor&rft.au=Halpin%2C+Padraic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fworld%2Firish-pm-calls-election-as-economy-takes-centre-stage-idUSKCN0VC0Z9%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-y469-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-y469_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollinsRaineyStrohmayer2024" class="citation journal cs1">Collins, Patrick; Rainey, Mark Justin; Strohmayer, Ulf (24 January 2024). "It's less the destination and more the getting there: urban development, emergence and co-production in Galway, Ireland". <i>Town Planning Review</i>. <b>95</b> (1). Liverpool University Press: 89–107. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3828%2Ftpr.2023.23">10.3828/tpr.2023.23</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0041-0020">0041-0020</a>. <q>Irish elections have been dominated by the two largest political parties in the state – centre-left leaning Fianna Fail, and notionally centre-right leaning Fine Gael.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Town+Planning+Review&rft.atitle=It%27s+less+the+destination+and+more+the+getting+there%3A+urban+development%2C+emergence+and+co-production+in+Galway%2C+Ireland&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=89-107&rft.date=2024-01-24&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3828%2Ftpr.2023.23&rft.issn=0041-0020&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft.au=Rainey%2C+Mark+Justin&rft.au=Strohmayer%2C+Ulf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Allen2020-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Allen2020_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKieran_Allen2020" class="citation book cs1">Kieran Allen (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AiMGEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA180">"Fianna Fáil and Irish Labour: A New Hegemony?"</a>. In Olivier Coquelin; Patrick Galliou; Thierry Robin (eds.). <i>Political Ideology in Ireland: From the Enlightenment to the Present</i>. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 180. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781527561335" title="Special:BookSources/9781527561335"><bdi>9781527561335</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fianna+F%C3%A1il+and+Irish+Labour%3A+A+New+Hegemony%3F&rft.btitle=Political+Ideology+in+Ireland%3A+From+the+Enlightenment+to+the+Present&rft.pages=180&rft.pub=Cambridge+Scholars+Publishing&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9781527561335&rft.au=Kieran+Allen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAiMGEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA180&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-v288-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-v288_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/simon-harris-to-become-irelands-prime-minister/a-68657280">"Simon Harris to become Ireland's prime minister – DW – 03/25/2024"</a>. <i>dw.com</i>. 25 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dw.com&rft.atitle=Simon+Harris+to+become+Ireland%27s+prime+minister+%E2%80%93+DW+%E2%80%93+03%2F25%2F2024&rft.date=2024-03-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fsimon-harris-to-become-irelands-prime-minister%2Fa-68657280&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-z353-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-z353_101-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStone2020" class="citation web cs1">Stone, Jon (21 January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/sinn-fein-ireland-election-polls-varadkar-latest-a9295366.html">"Sinn Fein surge in polls ahead of Ireland election as Leo Varadkar's party suffers"</a>. <i>The Independent</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Sinn+Fein+surge+in+polls+ahead+of+Ireland+election+as+Leo+Varadkar%27s+party+suffers&rft.date=2020-01-21&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fsinn-fein-ireland-election-polls-varadkar-latest-a9295366.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-c316-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-c316_102-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrispSmallcombe2024" class="citation web cs1">Crisp, James; Smallcombe, Mike (20 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2024/03/20/leo-varadkar-step-down-irish-prime-minister/">"Sinn Fein calls for elections after Leo Varadkar's surprise resignation"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Sinn+Fein+calls+for+elections+after+Leo+Varadkar%27s+surprise+resignation&rft.date=2024-03-20&rft.aulast=Crisp&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Smallcombe%2C+Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fworld-news%2F2024%2F03%2F20%2Fleo-varadkar-step-down-irish-prime-minister%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Knutsen2018-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Knutsen2018_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOddbjørn_Knutsen2018" class="citation book cs1">Oddbjørn Knutsen (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JxsuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA130"><i>Social Structure, Value Orientations and Party Choice in Western Europe</i></a>. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 130. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783319521237" title="Special:BookSources/9783319521237"><bdi>9783319521237</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Social+Structure%2C+Value+Orientations+and+Party+Choice+in+Western+Europe&rft.pages=130&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9783319521237&rft.au=Oddbj%C3%B8rn+Knutsen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJxsuDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA130&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alexiadou2016-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Alexiadou2016_104-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDespina_Alexiadou2016" class="citation book cs1">Despina Alexiadou (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bXznCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA153">"Ireland"</a>. <i>Ideologues, Partisans, and Loyalists: Ministers and Policymaking in Parliamentary Cabinets</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 153. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198755715" title="Special:BookSources/9780198755715"><bdi>9780198755715</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ireland&rft.btitle=Ideologues%2C+Partisans%2C+and+Loyalists%3A+Ministers+and+Policymaking+in+Parliamentary+Cabinets&rft.pages=153&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9780198755715&rft.au=Despina+Alexiadou&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbXznCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA153&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KopecekHloušek2010-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KopecekHloušek2010_105-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKopecekHloušek2010" class="citation book cs1">Kopecek, Lubomír; Hloušek, Vít (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=W3wHffNQ7owC&pg=PA157"><i>Origin, Ideology and Transformation of Political Parties: East-Central and Western Europe Compared</i></a>. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 157. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4094-9977-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4094-9977-0"><bdi>978-1-4094-9977-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191220131032/https://books.google.com/books?id=W3wHffNQ7owC&pg=PA157">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Origin%2C+Ideology+and+Transformation+of+Political+Parties%3A+East-Central+and+Western+Europe+Compared&rft.pages=157&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4094-9977-0&rft.aulast=Kopecek&rft.aufirst=Lubom%C3%ADr&rft.au=Hlou%C5%A1ek%2C+V%C3%ADt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DW3wHffNQ7owC%26pg%3DPA157&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Knutsen2006-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Knutsen2006_106-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnutsen2006" class="citation book cs1">Knutsen, Oddbjørn (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Jx0H8T1LaM8C&pg=PA39"><i>Class Voting in Western Europe: A Comparative Longitudinal Study</i></a>. Lexington Books. p. 39. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-1095-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-1095-9"><bdi>978-0-7391-1095-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221150434/https://books.google.com/books?id=Jx0H8T1LaM8C&pg=PA39">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Class+Voting+in+Western+Europe%3A+A+Comparative+Longitudinal+Study&rft.pages=39&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7391-1095-9&rft.aulast=Knutsen&rft.aufirst=Oddbj%C3%B8rn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJx0H8T1LaM8C%26pg%3DPA39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Banchoff1999-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Banchoff1999_107-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Banchoff1999_107-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFT._Banchoff1999" class="citation book cs1">T. Banchoff (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oX29JQSj_oUC&pg=PA130"><i>Legitimacy and the European Union</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 130. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-18188-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-18188-4"><bdi>978-0-415-18188-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226015059/https://books.google.com/books?id=oX29JQSj_oUC&pg=PA130">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Legitimacy+and+the+European+Union&rft.pages=130&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-415-18188-4&rft.au=T.+Banchoff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoX29JQSj_oUC%26pg%3DPA130&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KourvetarisMoschonas1996-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KourvetarisMoschonas1996_108-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KourvetarisMoschonas1996_108-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKourvetarisMoschonas1996" class="citation book cs1">Kourvetaris, George A.; Moschonas, Andreas (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8JXZzr5TJn4C&pg=PA208"><i>The Impact of European Integration: Political, Sociological, and Economic Changes</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 208. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-95356-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-95356-0"><bdi>978-0-275-95356-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131009074619/http://books.google.com/books?id=8JXZzr5TJn4C&pg=PA208">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Impact+of+European+Integration%3A+Political%2C+Sociological%2C+and+Economic+Changes&rft.pages=208&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-275-95356-0&rft.aulast=Kourvetaris&rft.aufirst=George+A.&rft.au=Moschonas%2C+Andreas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8JXZzr5TJn4C%26pg%3DPA208&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBudgeBudgeDerekRobertson1987" class="citation book cs1">Budge, Professor of Government Ian; Budge, Ian; Derek, Hearl; Robertson, David; Hearl, Derek; Press, Cambridge University (9 July 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I63z5nm0f94C&pg=PA137"><i>Ideology, Strategy and Party Change: Spatial Analyses of Post-War Election Programmes in 19 Democracies</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-30648-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-30648-5"><bdi>978-0-521-30648-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170129083530/https://books.google.com/books?id=I63z5nm0f94C&pg=PA137">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ideology%2C+Strategy+and+Party+Change%3A+Spatial+Analyses+of+Post-War+Election+Programmes+in+19+Democracies&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1987-07-09&rft.isbn=978-0-521-30648-5&rft.aulast=Budge&rft.aufirst=Professor+of+Government+Ian&rft.au=Budge%2C+Ian&rft.au=Derek%2C+Hearl&rft.au=Robertson%2C+David&rft.au=Hearl%2C+Derek&rft.au=Press%2C+Cambridge+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DI63z5nm0f94C%26pg%3DPA137&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><sup id="cite_ref-v288_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-v288-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-z353_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-z353-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-c316_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c316-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Knutsen2018_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Knutsen2018-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Alexiadou2016_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alexiadou2016-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KopecekHloušek2010_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KopecekHloušek2010-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Knutsen2006_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Knutsen2006-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Banchoff1999_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Banchoff1999-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KourvetarisMoschonas1996_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KourvetarisMoschonas1996-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-w803-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-w803_111-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-w803_111-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO’MalleyMcGraw2017" class="citation journal cs1">O’Malley, Eoin; McGraw, Sean (2 January 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/79664919">"Fianna Fáil: the glue of ambiguity"</a>. <i>Irish Political Studies</i>. <b>32</b> (1). Informa UK Limited: 1–29. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F07907184.2016.1271329">10.1080/07907184.2016.1271329</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0790-7184">0790-7184</a>. <q>Ideologically the party is ambiguous. It appears centrist, conservative, and attached to the state ... but it has also been regarded as radical, socialist, anti-Catholic and even a threat to the state ... Despite these apparent contradictions and deep ambiguity concerning what type of party Fianna Fáil really is, the party has been one of the most successful political organisations in twentieth-century Europe...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Political+Studies&rft.atitle=Fianna+F%C3%A1il%3A+the+glue+of+ambiguity&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-29&rft.date=2017-01-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F07907184.2016.1271329&rft.issn=0790-7184&rft.aulast=O%E2%80%99Malley&rft.aufirst=Eoin&rft.au=McGraw%2C+Sean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F79664919&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-f030-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-f030_112-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-f030_112-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-f030_112-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMahon2020" class="citation web cs1">Mahon, Brian (19 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.com/uk/politics/article/talks-deepen-fianna-fail-identity-crisis-h99xcb5sf">"Talks deepen Fianna Fáil identity crisis"</a>. <i>The Times & The Sunday Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2024</span>. <q>Fianna Fáil, less so. It retains many of the characteristics of a catch-all party. During the election Micheál Martin tried to position it as a social democratic left of centre alternative to Fine Gael.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+%26+The+Sunday+Times&rft.atitle=Talks+deepen+Fianna+F%C3%A1il+identity+crisis&rft.date=2020-02-19&rft.aulast=Mahon&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.com%2Fuk%2Fpolitics%2Farticle%2Ftalks-deepen-fianna-fail-identity-crisis-h99xcb5sf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-h763-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-h763_113-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-h763_113-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-h763_113-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-h763_113-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheehan2023" class="citation news cs1">Sheehan, Jack (17 June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/2023/06/17/who-is-fianna-fail-for-a-dwindling-increasingly-regionalised-demographic/">"Who is Fianna Fáil for? A dwindling, increasingly regionalised demographic"</a>. <i>The Irish Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2024</span>. <q>Unlike Fine Gael, which functions as a standard European Christian Democratic or Liberal-Conservative party, Fianna Fáil has never been comfortable with the label of right-wing, or with having a discernible ideology at all ... For a decade now, a socially conservative, supposedly republican party has been led by a centrist social liberal with a more cautious position on Irish unification than even Leo Varadkar.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Who+is+Fianna+F%C3%A1il+for%3F+A+dwindling%2C+increasingly+regionalised+demographic&rft.date=2023-06-17&rft.aulast=Sheehan&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fopinion%2F2023%2F06%2F17%2Fwho-is-fianna-fail-for-a-dwindling-increasingly-regionalised-demographic%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-c721-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-c721_114-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-c721_114-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCostello2021" class="citation journal cs1">Costello, Rory (6 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F07907184.2021.1973318">"Issue congruence between voters and parties: examining the democratic party mandate in Ireland"</a>. <i>Irish Political Studies</i>. <b>36</b> (4). Informa UK Limited: 581–605. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F07907184.2021.1973318">10.1080/07907184.2021.1973318</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10344%2F10567">10344/10567</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0790-7184">0790-7184</a>. <q>Both parties are commonly categorised as 'catch-all' parties ... Mainwaring and McGraw (2019) find that these parties are more centrist and more flexible in terms of the policy compared to other parties in Ireland, and also display internal divergence among elected representatives across a range of policy issues. Many observers have emphasised the lack of clear policy or ideological difference between Fine Gael and Fianna Fáil (e.g. Garry, 2018, p. 63; Weeks, 2018, p. 113) and competition between them often focuses on other aspects such as track-record, candidates, and leadership credentials</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Political+Studies&rft.atitle=Issue+congruence+between+voters+and+parties%3A+examining+the+democratic+party+mandate+in+Ireland&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=581-605&rft.date=2021-09-06&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10344%2F10567&rft.issn=0790-7184&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F07907184.2021.1973318&rft.aulast=Costello&rft.aufirst=Rory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F07907184.2021.1973318&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><sup id="cite_ref-w947_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-w947-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-p441_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p441-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-w803_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-w803-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-f030_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f030-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-h763_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h763-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-c721_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c721-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-n474-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-n474_116-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-n474_116-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartínez-Lirola2023" class="citation journal cs1">Martínez-Lirola, María (17 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.24162%2Fei2023-11447">"A Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis of a Sample of Posters Used in the 2016 and 2020 Election Campaigns in Ireland"</a>. <i>Estudios Irlandeses</i> (18): 37–53. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.24162%2Fei2023-11447">10.24162/ei2023-11447</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10045%2F132888">10045/132888</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1699-311X">1699-311X</a>. <q>Its political ideology is characterized as Irish Nationalist and Irish Republican; it can be considered a liberal party with a centrist ideology.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estudios+Irlandeses&rft.atitle=A+Multimodal+Critical+Discourse+Analysis+of+a+Sample+of+Posters+Used+in+the+2016+and+2020+Election+Campaigns+in+Ireland&rft.issue=18&rft.pages=37-53&rft.date=2023-03-17&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10045%2F132888&rft.issn=1699-311X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.24162%2Fei2023-11447&rft.aulast=Mart%C3%ADnez-Lirola&rft.aufirst=Mar%C3%ADa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.24162%252Fei2023-11447&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-e177-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-e177_117-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEuropean_University_Institute._Robert_Schuman_Centre_for_Advanced_Studies.2019" class="citation book cs1">European University Institute. Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/61144/2018_Ireland.pdf?sequence=3"><i>Monitoring media pluralism in Europe: application of the media pluralism monitor 2017 in the European Union, FYROM, Serbia & Turkey : country report : Ireland</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Center for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom (European University Institute). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2870%2F087944">10.2870/087944</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-9084-688-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-9084-688-8"><bdi>978-92-9084-688-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2024</span>. <q>From 1932 on, the Fianna Fail party consistently held the most parliamentary seats until the economic crash of 2008 but at the 2011 election the Fine Gael party moved into the ascendancy. Both parties are ideologically centrist: their main distinctions being positions adopted in 1922 regarding the nature of Irish independence.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Monitoring+media+pluralism+in+Europe%3A+application+of+the+media+pluralism+monitor+2017+in+the+European+Union%2C+FYROM%2C+Serbia+%26+Turkey+%3A+country+report+%3A+Ireland.&rft.pub=Center+for+Media+Pluralism+and+Media+Freedom+%28European+University+Institute%29&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2870%2F087944&rft.isbn=978-92-9084-688-8&rft.au=European+University+Institute.+Robert+Schuman+Centre+for+Advanced+Studies.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcadmus.eui.eu%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F1814%2F61144%2F2018_Ireland.pdf%3Fsequence%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-b573-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-b573_118-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNordsieck" class="citation web cs1">Nordsieck, Wolfram. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://parties-and-elections.eu/ireland.html">"Parties and Elections in Europe"</a>. <i>Parties and Elections in Europe</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parties+and+Elections+in+Europe&rft.atitle=Parties+and+Elections+in+Europe&rft.aulast=Nordsieck&rft.aufirst=Wolfram&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fparties-and-elections.eu%2Fireland.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p488-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-p488_119-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarty2016" class="citation journal cs1">Carty, R. Kenneth (29 December 2016). "A natural governing party: Fianna Fáil in comparative perspective". <i>Irish Political Studies</i>. <b>32</b> (1). Informa UK Limited: 30–48. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F07907184.2016.1271331">10.1080/07907184.2016.1271331</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0790-7184">0790-7184</a>. <q>Fianna Fáil's identity claims, centrist orientation, long 'principled' rejection of coalition politics, relatively easy dominance of electoral competition and complex internal centre–periphery organisational relationships all reflected its position as the country's natural governing party in a system where it faced both catch-all (Fine Gael) and interest-based (Labour) opponents.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Political+Studies&rft.atitle=A+natural+governing+party%3A+Fianna+F%C3%A1il+in+comparative+perspective&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=30-48&rft.date=2016-12-29&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F07907184.2016.1271331&rft.issn=0790-7184&rft.aulast=Carty&rft.aufirst=R.+Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><sup id="cite_ref-n474_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n474-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-e177_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e177-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-b573_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b573-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-p488_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p488-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thompson2024-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Thompson2024_121-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWayne_C._Thompson2024" class="citation book cs1">Wayne C. Thompson, ed. (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XuYPEQAAQBAJ&pg=PA86"><i>The World Today Series: Western Europe 2024–2025</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781538185957" title="Special:BookSources/9781538185957"><bdi>9781538185957</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+Today+Series%3A+Western+Europe+2024%E2%80%932025&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=9781538185957&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXuYPEQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA86&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeagueDonaghey" class="citation web cs1">Teague, Paul; Donaghey, Jimmy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilera-directory.org/15thworldcongress/files/papers/Track_4/Thur_W4_DONAGHEY.pdf">"Social Partnership and Democratic Legitimacy in Ireland"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. International Labour and Employment Relations Association. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201020004225/http://www.ilera-directory.org/15thworldcongress/files/papers/Track_4/Thur_W4_DONAGHEY.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 20 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Social+Partnership+and+Democratic+Legitimacy+in+Ireland&rft.pub=International+Labour+and+Employment+Relations+Association&rft.aulast=Teague&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Donaghey%2C+Jimmy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilera-directory.org%2F15thworldcongress%2Ffiles%2Fpapers%2FTrack_4%2FThur_W4_DONAGHEY.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuinnJohnston2016" class="citation news cs1">Quinn, Ben; Johnston, Chris (27 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2016/feb/27/ireland-general-election-exit-poll-coalition-fine-gael?page=with:block-56d15d3fe4b0bd5a0524cda5#block-56d15d3fe4b0bd5a0524cda5">"Ireland general election: Irish PM admits his coalition has been rejected – live"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200713055754/https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2016/feb/27/ireland-general-election-exit-poll-coalition-fine-gael?page=with:block-56d15d3fe4b0bd5a0524cda5#block-56d15d3fe4b0bd5a0524cda5">Archived</a> from the original on 13 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2020</span>. <q>...the possibility of a grand coalition between Ireland's two centrist, sometimes right-of-centre, Christian democratic parties: Fine Gael and Fianna Fáil.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Ireland+general+election%3A+Irish+PM+admits+his+coalition+has+been+rejected+%E2%80%93+live&rft.date=2016-02-27&rft.aulast=Quinn&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft.au=Johnston%2C+Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2Flive%2F2016%2Ffeb%2F27%2Fireland-general-election-exit-poll-coalition-fine-gael%3Fpage%3Dwith%3Ablock-56d15d3fe4b0bd5a0524cda5%23block-56d15d3fe4b0bd5a0524cda5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColomer2008" class="citation book cs1">Colomer, Josep M. (25 July 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TZF8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA31"><i>Comparative European Politics</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-07354-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-07354-2"><bdi>978-1-134-07354-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801132249/https://books.google.com/books?id=TZF8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA31">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Comparative+European+Politics&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2008-07-25&rft.isbn=978-1-134-07354-2&rft.aulast=Colomer&rft.aufirst=Josep+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTZF8AgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><sup id="cite_ref-Thompson2024_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson2024-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Budge_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Budge-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-o882-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-o882_126-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csis.org/programs/europe-russia-and-eurasia-program/projects/european-election-watch/2020-elections/ireland">"2020 Elections"</a>. <i>CSIS</i>. 7 October 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2024</span>. <q>Fianna Fail (FF): center to center-right; liberal conservatism; ideologically similar to FG but different historical roots</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CSIS&rft.atitle=2020+Elections&rft.date=2024-10-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csis.org%2Fprograms%2Feurope-russia-and-eurasia-program%2Fprojects%2Feuropean-election-watch%2F2020-elections%2Fireland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MaginVigen2021-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MaginVigen2021_127-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMelanie_MaginMarius_G._Vigen2021" class="citation book cs1">Melanie Magin; Marius G. Vigen (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7Xs9EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA137">"When Nothing Happened, but Much Changed: How Political Parties in Ireland Used Facebook in the 2019 European Parliament Election Campaign"</a>. In Jörg Haßler; Melanie Magin; Uta Russmann; Vicente Fenoll (eds.). <i>Campaigning on Facebook in the 2019 European Parliament Election: Informing, Interacting with, and Mobilising Voters</i>. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 137. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783030738518" title="Special:BookSources/9783030738518"><bdi>9783030738518</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=When+Nothing+Happened%2C+but+Much+Changed%3A+How+Political+Parties+in+Ireland+Used+Facebook+in+the+2019+European+Parliament+Election+Campaign&rft.btitle=Campaigning+on+Facebook+in+the+2019+European+Parliament+Election%3A+Informing%2C+Interacting+with%2C+and+Mobilising+Voters&rft.pages=137&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9783030738518&rft.au=Melanie+Magin&rft.au=Marius+G.+Vigen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7Xs9EAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA137&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maguire1986-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Maguire1986_128-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaria_Maguire1986" class="citation book cs1">Maria Maguire (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GaWtd5zJfB8C&pg=PA333">"Ireland"</a>. In Peter Flora (ed.). <i>Growth to Limits: The Western European Welfare States Since World War II Volume 2</i>. Walter de Gruyter. p. 333. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783110111316" title="Special:BookSources/9783110111316"><bdi>9783110111316</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ireland&rft.btitle=Growth+to+Limits%3A+The+Western+European+Welfare+States+Since+World+War+II+Volume+2&rft.pages=333&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=9783110111316&rft.au=Maria+Maguire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGaWtd5zJfB8C%26pg%3DPA333&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dunphy2016B-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dunphy2016B_129-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_Dunphy2016" class="citation book cs1">Richard Dunphy (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7stgCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA247">"Ireland"</a>. In Donatella M. Viola (ed.). <i>Routledge Handbook of European Elections</i>. Routledge. p. 247. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317503637" title="Special:BookSources/9781317503637"><bdi>9781317503637</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ireland&rft.btitle=Routledge+Handbook+of+European+Elections&rft.pages=247&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781317503637&rft.au=Richard+Dunphy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7stgCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA247&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oscillates-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-oscillates_130-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClose2019" class="citation book cs1">Close, Caroline (2019). "The liberal family ideology". In Close, Caroline; van Haute, Emilie (eds.). <i>Liberal Parties in Europe</i>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 326–347. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781351245487" title="Special:BookSources/9781351245487"><bdi>9781351245487</bdi></a>. <q>Interestingly, other parties classified as Conservative Liberals in previous decades have oscillated between Conservative and Social liberalism since the 1990s: This is the case of the Portuguese Social Democratic Party (PSD), the Irish Fianna Fail</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+liberal+family+ideology&rft.btitle=Liberal+Parties+in+Europe&rft.pages=326-347&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9781351245487&rft.aulast=Close&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VanHauteClose2019-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-VanHauteClose2019_131-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VanHauteClose2019_131-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmilie_van_HauteCaroline_Close2019" class="citation book cs1">Emilie van Haute; Caroline Close, eds. (2019). <i>Liberal parties in Europe</i>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. 369. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781351245487" title="Special:BookSources/9781351245487"><bdi>9781351245487</bdi></a>. <q>... the classical-liberal German FDP, which has tried to keep a centrist position between the CDU/CSU and the SPD; the social-liberal D66; and the conservative-liberal Fianna Fail (although it has recently tended to move towards a more social-liberal profile).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Liberal+parties+in+Europe&rft.pages=369&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9781351245487&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kiersey2018-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kiersey2018_132-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicholas_Kiersey2018" class="citation book cs1">Nicholas Kiersey (19 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nwhNDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA115">"Narrative Crisis in Ireland's Great Recession"</a>. In Owen Parker; Dimitris Tsarouhas (eds.). <i>Crisis in the Eurozone Periphery: The Political Economies of Greece, Spain, Ireland and Portugal</i>. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 115. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783319697215" title="Special:BookSources/9783319697215"><bdi>9783319697215</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Narrative+Crisis+in+Ireland%E2%80%99s+Great+Recession&rft.btitle=Crisis+in+the+Eurozone+Periphery%3A+The+Political+Economies+of+Greece%2C+Spain%2C+Ireland+and+Portugal&rft.pages=115&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2018-02-19&rft.isbn=9783319697215&rft.au=Nicholas+Kiersey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnwhNDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-l509-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-l509_133-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarkissian2023" class="citation book cs1">Sarkissian, Armen (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pTRmzwEACAAJ"><i>The Small States Club: How Small Smart States Can Save the World</i></a>. Hurst. p. 151. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78738-940-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78738-940-3"><bdi>978-1-78738-940-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2024</span>. <q>The alliance between the liberal Fianna Fail and the conservative Fine Gael parties was not forged easily...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Small+States+Club%3A+How+Small+Smart+States+Can+Save+the+World&rft.pages=151&rft.pub=Hurst&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-1-78738-940-3&rft.aulast=Sarkissian&rft.aufirst=Armen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpTRmzwEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-m660-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-m660_134-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euractiv.com/section/elections/news/irelands-fianna-fail-to-step-up-efforts-to-form-a-government/">"Ireland's Fianna Fáil to step up efforts to form a government"</a>. <i>www.euractiv.com</i>. 20 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.euractiv.com&rft.atitle=Ireland%27s+Fianna+F%C3%A1il+to+step+up+efforts+to+form+a+government&rft.date=2020-02-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euractiv.com%2Fsection%2Felections%2Fnews%2Firelands-fianna-fail-to-step-up-efforts-to-form-a-government%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-t447-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-t447_135-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freiheit.org/european-union/interview-after-brexit-snap-elections-ireland">"Snap Elections in Ireland"</a>. <i>Friedrich Naumann Foundation</i>. 7 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Friedrich+Naumann+Foundation&rft.atitle=Snap+Elections+in+Ireland&rft.date=2020-02-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.freiheit.org%2Feuropean-union%2Finterview-after-brexit-snap-elections-ireland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><sup id="cite_ref-n474_116-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n474-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-l509_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-l509-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-m660_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m660-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-t447_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-t447-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-s584-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-s584_137-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrumm2016" class="citation book cs1">Krumm, Thomas (25 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=msexCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA81"><i>The Politics of Public–Private Partnerships in Western Europe</i></a>. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 81. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4337%2F9781782549260">10.4337/9781782549260</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78254-926-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78254-926-0"><bdi>978-1-78254-926-0</bdi></a>. <q>For a long period its party system was dominated by the national-liberal Fianna Fail...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+Public%E2%80%93Private+Partnerships+in+Western+Europe&rft.pages=81&rft.pub=Edward+Elgar+Publishing&rft.date=2016-03-25&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4337%2F9781782549260&rft.isbn=978-1-78254-926-0&rft.aulast=Krumm&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmsexCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-i017-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-i017_138-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoogheMarks2002" class="citation book cs1">Hooghe, Liesbet; Marks, Gary (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FbscAAAAQBAJ&pg=PR16">"Preface"</a>. <i>Multi-Level Governance and European Integration</i>. Governance in Europe Series. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-585-38166-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-585-38166-4"><bdi>978-0-585-38166-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Preface&rft.btitle=Multi-Level+Governance+and+European+Integration&rft.series=Governance+in+Europe+Series&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-585-38166-4&rft.aulast=Hooghe&rft.aufirst=Liesbet&rft.au=Marks%2C+Gary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFbscAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPR16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MarksWilson2005-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MarksWilson2005_139-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGary_MarksCarole_Wilson2005" class="citation book cs1">Gary Marks; Carole Wilson (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ul7SZILT6-8C&pg=PA130">"National parties and the contestation of Europe"</a>. In Thomas Banchoff; Mitchell Smith (eds.). <i>Legitimacy and the European Union: The Contested Polity</i>. Routledge. p. 130. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-67560-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-67560-9"><bdi>978-1-134-67560-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=National+parties+and+the+contestation+of+Europe&rft.btitle=Legitimacy+and+the+European+Union%3A+The+Contested+Polity&rft.pages=130&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-134-67560-9&rft.au=Gary+Marks&rft.au=Carole+Wilson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dul7SZILT6-8C%26pg%3DPA130&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-z674-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-z674_140-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDochartaighHaywardMeehan2016" class="citation book cs1">Dochartaigh, N.Ó.; Hayward, K.; Meehan, E. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZCwlDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA147"><i>Dynamics of Political Change in Ireland: Making and Breaking a Divided Island</i></a>. Routledge Advances in European Politics. Taylor & Francis. p. 147. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-26991-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-26991-5"><bdi>978-1-317-26991-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2024</span>. <q>This meant that the 'catch-all' Fianna Fáil party suffered a massive loss of voters...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dynamics+of+Political+Change+in+Ireland%3A+Making+and+Breaking+a+Divided+Island&rft.series=Routledge+Advances+in+European+Politics&rft.pages=147&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-317-26991-5&rft.aulast=Dochartaigh&rft.aufirst=N.%C3%93.&rft.au=Hayward%2C+K.&rft.au=Meehan%2C+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZCwlDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Garvin-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Garvin_141-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarvin2005" class="citation book cs1">Garvin, Tom (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MtknAQAAIAAJ"><i>Preventing the Future: Why was Ireland so Poor for so Long?</i></a>. Gill and Macmillan. p. 208. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0717139705" title="Special:BookSources/978-0717139705"><bdi>978-0717139705</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210521091243/https://books.google.com/books?id=MtknAQAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Preventing+the+Future%3A+Why+was+Ireland+so+Poor+for+so+Long%3F&rft.pages=208&rft.pub=Gill+and+Macmillan&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0717139705&rft.aulast=Garvin&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMtknAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-martin-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-martin_142-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2011/0126/breaking8.html">"Micheal Martin elected as eighth leader of Fianna Fáil"</a>. <i>The Irish Times</i>. 26 January 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120525093603/http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2011/0126/breaking8.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Micheal+Martin+elected+as+eighth+leader+of+Fianna+F%C3%A1il&rft.date=2011-01-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnewspaper%2Fbreaking%2F2011%2F0126%2Fbreaking8.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cowen-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cowen_143-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCowen2011" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Cowen" title="Barry Cowen">Cowen, Barry</a> (26 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fiannafail.ie/news/entry/cowen-calls-on-government-to-resist-oecd-right-wing-agenda">"Cowen Calls on Government to resist OECD right wing agenda"</a>. Fianna Fáil. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130614132348/http://www.fiannafail.ie/news/entry/cowen-calls-on-government-to-resist-oecd-right-wing-agenda">Archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cowen+Calls+on+Government+to+resist+OECD+right+wing+agenda&rft.pub=Fianna+F%C3%A1il&rft.date=2011-05-26&rft.aulast=Cowen&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fiannafail.ie%2Fnews%2Fentry%2Fcowen-calls-on-government-to-resist-oecd-right-wing-agenda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ferriter_Jan_2022-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ferriter_Jan_2022_144-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ferriter_Jan_2022_144-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiarmaid_Ferriter2022" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Diarmaid_Ferriter" title="Diarmaid Ferriter">Diarmaid Ferriter</a> (28 January 2022). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/diarmaid-ferriter-fianna-f%C3%A1il-now-bereft-of-its-catch-all-credentials-1.4787285">"Diarmaid Ferriter: Fianna Fáil now bereft of its catch-all credentials"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Irish_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Times">Irish Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220226124039/https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/diarmaid-ferriter-fianna-f%C3%A1il-now-bereft-of-its-catch-all-credentials-1.4787285?mode=sample&auth-failed=1&pw-origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fopinion%2Fdiarmaid-ferriter-fianna-f%25C3%25A1il-now-bereft-of-its-catch-all-credentials-1.4787285">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Diarmaid+Ferriter%3A+Fianna+F%C3%A1il+now+bereft+of+its+catch-all+credentials&rft.date=2022-01-28&rft.au=Diarmaid+Ferriter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fopinion%2Fdiarmaid-ferriter-fianna-f%25C3%25A1il-now-bereft-of-its-catch-all-credentials-1.4787285&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-b175-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-b175_145-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2023" class="citation news cs1">Martin, Micheál (22 June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/2023/06/22/fianna-fail-has-more-to-offer-than-simplistic-and-divisive-rightleft-politics/">"Micheál Martin: Fianna Fáil has more to offer than simplistic and divisive right-left politics"</a>. <i>The Irish Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2024</span>. <q>Fianna Fáil is a progressive republican party which rejects the failed and destructive idea that you must conform to the traditional left/right ideology.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Miche%C3%A1l+Martin%3A+Fianna+F%C3%A1il+has+more+to+offer+than+simplistic+and+divisive+right-left+politics&rft.date=2023-06-22&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Miche%C3%A1l&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fopinion%2F2023%2F06%2F22%2Ffianna-fail-has-more-to-offer-than-simplistic-and-divisive-rightleft-politics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171114050821/https://www.fiannafail.ie/about-fianna-fail/">"About Fianna Fáil"</a>. Fianna Fáil. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fiannafail.ie/about-fianna-fail/">the original</a> on 14 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Fianna+F%C3%A1il&rft.pub=Fianna+F%C3%A1il&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fiannafail.ie%2Fabout-fianna-fail%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarsh" class="citation web cs1">Marsh, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Fianna-Fail">"Fianna Fáil; History, Policies, & Facts"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200731033602/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Fianna-Fail">Archived</a> from the original on 31 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Fianna+F%C3%A1il%3B+History%2C+Policies%2C+%26+Facts&rft.aulast=Marsh&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FFianna-Fail&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130908091800/http://www.fiannafail.ie/content/pages/5095/">"Our Party"</a>. Fianna Fáil. 28 October 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fiannafail.ie/content/pages/5095/">the original</a> on 8 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+Party&rft.pub=Fianna+F%C3%A1il&rft.date=2013-10-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fiannafail.ie%2Fcontent%2Fpages%2F5095%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelly2013" class="citation book cs1">Kelly, Stephen (2013). <i>Fianna Fáil, Partition and Northern Ireland, 1926–1971</i>. Dublin: Irish Academic Press. pp. 9–12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fianna+F%C3%A1il%2C+Partition+and+Northern+Ireland%2C+1926%E2%80%931971&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pages=9-12&rft.pub=Irish+Academic+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaywardFallon2009" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Katy_Hayward" title="Katy Hayward">Hayward, Katy</a>; Fallon, Jonathan (2009). "Fianna Fáil: Tenacious Localism, Tenuous Europeanism". <i>Irish Political Studies</i>. <b>24</b> (4): 491–509. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F07907180903274784">10.1080/07907180903274784</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143864920">143864920</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Political+Studies&rft.atitle=Fianna+F%C3%A1il%3A+Tenacious+Localism%2C+Tenuous+Europeanism&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=491-509&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F07907180903274784&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143864920%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Hayward&rft.aufirst=Katy&rft.au=Fallon%2C+Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris2019" class="citation web cs1">Morris, Allison (22 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishnews.com/news/2019/02/22/news/sdlp-and-fianna-fa-il-call-for-all-island-pro-remain-alliance-1557635/">"SDLP and Fianna Fáil call for all island pro remain alliance"</a>. <i>The Irish News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190921170329/http://www.irishnews.com/news/2019/02/22/news/sdlp-and-fianna-fa-il-call-for-all-island-pro-remain-alliance-1557635/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+News&rft.atitle=SDLP+and+Fianna+F%C3%A1il+call+for+all+island+pro+remain+alliance&rft.date=2019-02-22&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Allison&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishnews.com%2Fnews%2F2019%2F02%2F22%2Fnews%2Fsdlp-and-fianna-fa-il-call-for-all-island-pro-remain-alliance-1557635%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/20190525-ireland-varadkar-eu-european-elections">"Irish PM's pro-EU party ahead in European vote, polls suggest"</a>. <i>France 24</i>. 25 May 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191024222212/https://www.france24.com/en/20190525-ireland-varadkar-eu-european-elections">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Irish+PM%27s+pro-EU+party+ahead+in+European+vote%2C+polls+suggest&rft.date=2019-05-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20190525-ireland-varadkar-eu-european-elections&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClose2019" class="citation book cs1">Close, Caroline (12 February 2019). "The liberal party family ideology: Distinct, but diverse". In Close, Caroline; van Haute, Emilie (eds.). <i>Liberal Parties in Europe</i>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6zuIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA366">366</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781351245487" title="Special:BookSources/9781351245487"><bdi>9781351245487</bdi></a>. <q>However, the liberal identity of the Irish <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Fianna Fáil</i></span> is highly questionable.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+liberal+party+family+ideology%3A+Distinct%2C+but+diverse&rft.btitle=Liberal+Parties+in+Europe&rft.pages=366&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2019-02-12&rft.isbn=9781351245487&rft.aulast=Close&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-votewatch-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-votewatch_154-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-votewatch_154-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.votewatch.eu/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/votewatch_report_voting_behaviour_in_the_new_european_parliament.pdf">"Voting behaviour in the new European Parliament: the first six months, EP7, 1st Semester: July–December 2009"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Votewatch.eu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110128132517/http://www.votewatch.eu/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/votewatch_report_voting_behaviour_in_the_new_european_parliament.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 28 January 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Voting+behaviour+in+the+new+European+Parliament%3A+the+first+six+months%2C+EP7%2C+1st+Semester%3A+July%E2%80%93December+2009&rft.pub=Votewatch.eu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.votewatch.eu%2Fblog%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2009%2F09%2Fvotewatch_report_voting_behaviour_in_the_new_european_parliament.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.justice.ie/en/JELR/Pages/Ahern%20Welcomes%20Coming%20Into%20Law%20of%20Civil%20Partnership%20and%20Certain%20Rights%20and%20Obligations%20of%20Cohabitants%20Act%202010">"Ahern Welcomes Coming Into Law of Civil Partnership and Certain Rights and Obligations of Cohabitants Act 2010"</a>. <i>Department of Justice and Law Reform</i>. 17 July 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191019070457/http://www.justice.ie/en/JELR/Pages/Ahern%20Welcomes%20Coming%20Into%20Law%20of%20Civil%20Partnership%20and%20Certain%20Rights%20and%20Obligations%20of%20Cohabitants%20Act%202010">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Department+of+Justice+and+Law+Reform&rft.atitle=Ahern+Welcomes+Coming+Into+Law+of+Civil+Partnership+and+Certain+Rights+and+Obligations+of+Cohabitants+Act+2010&rft.date=2010-07-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.justice.ie%2Fen%2FJELR%2FPages%2FAhern%2520Welcomes%2520Coming%2520Into%2520Law%2520of%2520Civil%2520Partnership%2520and%2520Certain%2520Rights%2520and%2520Obligations%2520of%2520Cohabitants%2520Act%25202010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-o102-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-o102_156-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMolloy2014" class="citation web cs1">Molloy, Dave (24 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/arid-30634360.html">"Brian Crowley expelled from Fianna Fáil parliamentary party"</a>. <i>Irish Examiner</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Irish+Examiner&rft.atitle=Brian+Crowley+expelled+from+Fianna+F%C3%A1il+parliamentary+party&rft.date=2014-06-24&rft.aulast=Molloy&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishexaminer.com%2Fnews%2Farid-30634360.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-v772-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-v772_157-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLittleFarrell2019" class="citation book cs1">Little, Conor; Farrell, David M. (2019). "Fianna Fáil In the Liberals but not of the Liberals". In Close, Caroline; van Haute, Emilie (eds.). <i>Liberal Parties in Europe</i>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 185–204. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781351245487" title="Special:BookSources/9781351245487"><bdi>9781351245487</bdi></a>. <q>In recent years, Fianna Fáil has increasingly come to be seen as divided on these issues, with marriage equality and abortion having been the main 'moral policy' issues on the agenda.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fianna+F%C3%A1il+In+the+Liberals+but+not+of+the+Liberals&rft.btitle=Liberal+Parties+in+Europe&rft.pages=185-204&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9781351245487&rft.aulast=Little&rft.aufirst=Conor&rft.au=Farrell%2C+David+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-k333-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-k333_158-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGee2016" class="citation news cs1">McGee, Harry (1 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/fianna-f%C3%A1il-revival-makes-miche%C3%A1l-martin-a-great-survivor-of-irish-politics-1.2554837">"Fianna Fáil revival makes Micheál Martin a great survivor of Irish politics"</a>. <i>The Irish Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2024</span>. <q>When the Protection of Life During Pregnancy Bill came before the Dáil, the younger modernisers wanted Fianna Fáil to back it, but it was fiercely resisted by the more reactionary members of the parliamentary party (mainly senators). Martin was forced into conceding a free vote, which he claimed as "reformist" but was perceived as a weakness. That faultline between the party's conservative and liberal forces has also materialised in relation to the issue of repealing the Eighth Amendment.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Fianna+F%C3%A1il+revival+makes+Miche%C3%A1l+Martin+a+great+survivor+of+Irish+politics&rft.date=2016-03-01&rft.aulast=McGee&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Ffianna-f%25C3%25A1il-revival-makes-miche%25C3%25A1l-martin-a-great-survivor-of-irish-politics-1.2554837&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-benoitlaver1-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-benoitlaver1_159-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaverBenoit2003" class="citation journal cs1">Laver, Michael; Benoit, Kenneth (April 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kenbenoit.net/pdfs/laverbenoitAJPS.pdf">"The Evolution of Party Systems Between Elections"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/American_Journal_of_Political_Science" title="American Journal of Political Science">American Journal of Political Science</a></i>. <b>47</b> (2): 215–233. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1540-5907.00015">10.1111/1540-5907.00015</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029193348/http://www.kenbenoit.net/pdfs/laverbenoitAJPS.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 29 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Political+Science&rft.atitle=The+Evolution+of+Party+Systems+Between+Elections&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=215-233&rft.date=2003-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1540-5907.00015&rft.aulast=Laver&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Benoit%2C+Kenneth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kenbenoit.net%2Fpdfs%2FlaverbenoitAJPS.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-benoitlaver2-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-benoitlaver2_160-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenoitLaver2003" class="citation journal cs1">Benoit, Kenneth; Laver, Michael (June 2003). "Estimating Irish Party Positions Using Computer Wordscoring: The 2002 Elections". <i><a href="/wiki/Irish_Political_Studies" title="Irish Political Studies">Irish Political Studies</a></i>. <b>18</b> (1): 97–107. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.144.6558">10.1.1.144.6558</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F07907180312331293249">10.1080/07907180312331293249</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145015417">145015417</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Political+Studies&rft.atitle=Estimating+Irish+Party+Positions+Using+Computer+Wordscoring%3A+The+2002+Elections&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=97-107&rft.date=2003-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.144.6558%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145015417%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F07907180312331293249&rft.aulast=Benoit&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.au=Laver%2C+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-benoitlaver3-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-benoitlaver3_161-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenoitLaver2005" class="citation journal cs1">Benoit, Kenneth; Laver, Michael (Summer–Autumn 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kenbenoit.net/pdfs/BenoitLaver_ESR_2005.pdf">"Mapping the Irish Policy Space: Voter and Party Spaces in Preferential Elections"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Economic and Social Review</i>. <b>36</b> (2): 83–108. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029200215/http://www.kenbenoit.net/pdfs/BenoitLaver_ESR_2005.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 29 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+and+Social+Review&rft.atitle=Mapping+the+Irish+Policy+Space%3A+Voter+and+Party+Spaces+in+Preferential+Elections&rft.chron=summer%E2%80%93fall&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=83-108&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Benoit&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.au=Laver%2C+Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kenbenoit.net%2Fpdfs%2FBenoitLaver_ESR_2005.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-glutz-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-glutz_162-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilland_Lutz2003" class="citation journal cs1">Gilland Lutz, Karin (Winter 2003). "Irish party competition in the new millennium: Change, or <i>plus ça change</i>?". <i>Irish Political Studies</i>. <b>18</b> (2): 40–59. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F1364298042000227640">10.1080/1364298042000227640</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153399425">153399425</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Political+Studies&rft.atitle=Irish+party+competition+in+the+new+millennium%3A+Change%2C+or+plus+%C3%A7a+change%3F&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=40-59&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F1364298042000227640&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A153399425%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Gilland+Lutz&rft.aufirst=Karin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whelan-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Whelan_163-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaty_HaywardMary_C._Murphy2013" class="citation book cs1">Katy Hayward; Mary C. Murphy, eds. (2013). "Ireland's EU Referendum Experience". <i>The Europeanization of Party Politics in Ireland, North and South</i>. Routledge. p. 26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780955820373" title="Special:BookSources/9780955820373"><bdi>9780955820373</bdi></a>. <q>Indeed, as an example, Fianna Fáil politicians in particular have adopted populist rhetoric in the past...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ireland%27s+EU+Referendum+Experience&rft.btitle=The+Europeanization+of+Party+Politics+in+Ireland%2C+North+and+South&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780955820373&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphy2023" class="citation web cs1">Murphy, Patrick (3 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishnews.com/opinion/columnists/2023/11/04/news/patrick_murphy_sinn_fe_in_and_fianna_fa_il_are_more_alike_than_they_would_admit-3746486/">"Patrick Murphy: Sinn Féin and Fianna Fáil are more alike than they would admit"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Irish_News" title="The Irish News">The Irish News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+News&rft.atitle=Patrick+Murphy%3A+Sinn+F%C3%A9in+and+Fianna+F%C3%A1il+are+more+alike+than+they+would+admit&rft.date=2023-11-03&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishnews.com%2Fopinion%2Fcolumnists%2F2023%2F11%2F04%2Fnews%2Fpatrick_murphy_sinn_fe_in_and_fianna_fa_il_are_more_alike_than_they_would_admit-3746486%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-r679-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-r679_165-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKedrowskiHaussman2023" class="citation web cs1">Kedrowski, Karen M.; Haussman, Melissa (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/166/oa_monograph/chapter/3773216">"Prime Minister May's Tightrope Walk between Brexiteers and Remainers"</a>. University of Michigan Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2024</span>. <q>In the Republic of Ireland, Fine Gael, under which Leo Varadkar led the Irish parliament (Oireachtas) from June 2017 to June 2020 as Prime Minister, or Taoiseach, is slightly to the right of Fianna Fail. It has a more pronounced pro-market liberalization stance.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prime+Minister+May%27s+Tightrope+Walk+between+Brexiteers+and+Remainers&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Kedrowski&rft.aufirst=Karen+M.&rft.au=Haussman%2C+Melissa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Fpub%2F166%2Foa_monograph%2Fchapter%2F3773216&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphy2005" class="citation journal cs1">Murphy, William (2005). "Cogging Berkeley?: "The Querist" and the Rhetoric of Fianna Fáil's Economic Policy". <i>Irish Economic and Social History</i>. <b>32</b>: 63–82. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F033248930503200104">10.1177/033248930503200104</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24338940">24338940</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:157142918">157142918</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Economic+and+Social+History&rft.atitle=Cogging+Berkeley%3F%3A+%22The+Querist%22+and+the+Rhetoric+of+Fianna+F%C3%A1il%27s+Economic+Policy&rft.volume=32&rft.pages=63-82&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A157142918%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24338940%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F033248930503200104&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-l880-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-l880_167-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNugent2020" class="citation magazine cs1">Nugent, Ciara (5 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/5778249/ireland-elections-2020/">"Ireland Goes to the Polls on Saturday. Here's Why the Stakes Are So High"</a>. <i>TIME</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TIME&rft.atitle=Ireland+Goes+to+the+Polls+on+Saturday.+Here%27s+Why+the+Stakes+Are+So+High&rft.date=2020-02-05&rft.aulast=Nugent&rft.aufirst=Ciara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F5778249%2Fireland-elections-2020%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-z870-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-z870_168-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCionnaith2020" class="citation web cs1">Cionnaith, Fiachra Ó (13 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rte.ie/news/analysis-and-comment/2020/1213/1183944-fianna-fail-analysis/">"Micheál Martin faces identity crisis in Fianna Fáil"</a>. <i>RTE.ie</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RTE.ie&rft.atitle=Miche%C3%A1l+Martin+faces+identity+crisis+in+Fianna+F%C3%A1il&rft.date=2020-12-13&rft.aulast=Cionnaith&rft.aufirst=Fiachra+%C3%93&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rte.ie%2Fnews%2Fanalysis-and-comment%2F2020%2F1213%2F1183944-fianna-fail-analysis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Loughlin" class="citation news cs1">O'Loughlin, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/republicanism-still-a-potent-link-between-fianna-f%C3%A1il-and-sinn-f%C3%A9in-1.4170582?mode=sample&auth-failed=1&pw-origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fopinion%2Frepublicanism-is-still-the-potent-link-between-fianna-fail-and-sinn-f%25C3%25A9in-1.4170582">"Republicanism still a potent link between Fianna Fáil and Sinn Féin"</a>. <i>The Irish Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200709024144/https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/republicanism-still-a-potent-link-between-fianna-f%C3%A1il-and-sinn-f%C3%A9in-1.4170582?mode=sample&auth-failed=1&pw-origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fopinion%2Frepublicanism-is-still-the-potent-link-between-fianna-fail-and-sinn-f%25C3%25A9in-1.4170582">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Republicanism+still+a+potent+link+between+Fianna+F%C3%A1il+and+Sinn+F%C3%A9in&rft.aulast=O%27Loughlin&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fopinion%2Frepublicanism-still-a-potent-link-between-fianna-f%25C3%25A1il-and-sinn-f%25C3%25A9in-1.4170582%3Fmode%3Dsample%26auth-failed%3D1%26pw-origin%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fwww.irishtimes.com%252Fopinion%252Frepublicanism-is-still-the-potent-link-between-fianna-fail-and-sinn-f%2525C3%2525A9in-1.4170582&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Puirséil_FF_Evolution-170"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Puirséil_FF_Evolution_170-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Puirséil_FF_Evolution_170-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Puirséil_FF_Evolution_170-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Puirséil_FF_Evolution_170-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPuirséil2016" class="citation journal cs1">Puirséil, Niamh (2016). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07907184.2016.1269755?journalCode=fips20">"Fianna Fáil and the evolution of an ambiguous ideology"</a></span>. <i>Irish Political Studies</i>. <b>32</b>: 49–71. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F07907184.2016.1269755">10.1080/07907184.2016.1269755</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:152051248">152051248</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Political+Studies&rft.atitle=Fianna+F%C3%A1il+and+the+evolution+of+an+ambiguous+ideology&rft.volume=32&rft.pages=49-71&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F07907184.2016.1269755&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A152051248%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Puirs%C3%A9il&rft.aufirst=Niamh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1080%2F07907184.2016.1269755%3FjournalCode%3Dfips20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinnegan2018" class="citation book cs1">Finnegan, Richard B. 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Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-429-96817-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-429-96817-4"><bdi>978-0-429-96817-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ireland%3A+Historical+Echoes%2C+Contemporary+Politics&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2018-02-20&rft.isbn=978-0-429-96817-4&rft.aulast=Finnegan&rft.aufirst=Richard+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatterson1988" class="citation journal cs1">Patterson, Henry (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23196031">"Fianna Fáil and the Working Class: The Origins of the Enigmatic Relationship"</a>. <i>Saothar</i>. <b>13</b>: 81–88. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0332-1169">0332-1169</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23196031">23196031</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211210035640/https://www.jstor.org/stable/23196031">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Saothar&rft.atitle=Fianna+F%C3%A1il+and+the+Working+Class%3A+The+Origins+of+the+Enigmatic+Relationship&rft.volume=13&rft.pages=81-88&rft.date=1988&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23196031%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0332-1169&rft.aulast=Patterson&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23196031&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ul.ie/ppa/content/files/258567748.pdf">"Ireland as Catholic corporatist state: a historical institutional analysis of healthcare in Ireland"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211210205816/https://www.ul.ie/ppa/content/files/258567748.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 10 December 2021 – via University of Limerick.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ireland+as+Catholic+corporatist+state%3A+a+historical+institutional+analysis+of+healthcare+in+Ireland&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ul.ie%2Fppa%2Fcontent%2Ffiles%2F258567748.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoche2008" class="citation web cs1">Roche, Bill (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ul.ie/iair/sites/default/files/2008%20Lecture%20by%20Bill%20Roche.pdf">"Social Partnership: From Lemass to Cowen"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220203074550/https://www.ul.ie/iair/sites/default/files/2008%20Lecture%20by%20Bill%20Roche.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 3 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2021</span> – via UL.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Social+Partnership%3A+From+Lemass+to+Cowen&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Roche&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ul.ie%2Fiair%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2008%2520Lecture%2520by%2520Bill%2520Roche.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIvory1997" class="citation journal cs1">Ivory, Gareth (Fall 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/2941780">"Fianna Fail, Constitutional Republicanism, and the Issue of Consent: 1980-1996"</a>. <i>Irish-American Cultural Institute</i>. <b>32</b> (2–3): 93–116<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish-American+Cultural+Institute&rft.atitle=Fianna+Fail%2C+Constitutional+Republicanism%2C+and+the+Issue+of+Consent%3A+1980-1996&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2%E2%80%933&rft.pages=93-116&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Ivory&rft.aufirst=Gareth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F2941780&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-x538-176"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-x538_176-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolsteyn2004" class="citation journal cs1">Holsteyn, Joop van (17 March 2004). "Days of Blue Loyalty. The Politics of Membership of the Fine Gael Party". <i>Acta Politica</i>. <b>39</b> (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 96–99. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2Fpalgrave.ap.5500048">10.1057/palgrave.ap.5500048</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0001-6810">0001-6810</a>. <q>Ken Carty (1983, 1) was puzzled by the fact that one found parties 'heterogeneous in their bases of support, relatively undifferentiated in terms of policy or programme, and remarkably stable in their support levels'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Politica&rft.atitle=Days+of+Blue+Loyalty.+The+Politics+of+Membership+of+the+Fine+Gael+Party&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=96-99&rft.date=2004-03-17&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2Fpalgrave.ap.5500048&rft.issn=0001-6810&rft.aulast=Holsteyn&rft.aufirst=Joop+van&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-v040-177"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-v040_177-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarty2022" class="citation book cs1">Carty, R. Kenneth (24 March 2022). "Europe's Greatest Electoral Machine". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/book/41415/chapter-abstract/352732149?redirectedFrom=fulltext"><i>The Government Party</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. 32–48. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foso%2F9780192858481.003.0003">10.1093/oso/9780192858481.003.0003</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-285848-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-285848-1"><bdi>978-0-19-285848-1</bdi></a>. <q>Fianna Fáil was democratic Europe's most electorally successful political party of the twentieth century.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Europe%E2%80%99s+Greatest+Electoral+Machine&rft.btitle=The+Government+Party&rft.pages=32-48&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2022-03-24&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foso%2F9780192858481.003.0003&rft.isbn=978-0-19-285848-1&rft.aulast=Carty&rft.aufirst=R.+Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Fbook%2F41415%2Fchapter-abstract%2F352732149%3FredirectedFrom%3Dfulltext&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.oireachtas.ie/ie/oireachtas/electoralProcess/electionResults/dail/2020/2020-05-01_33rd-dail-general-election-results_en.pdf">"33rd DÁIL GENERAL ELECTION 8 February 2020 Election Results (Party totals begin on page 68)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Houses of the Oireachtas</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200515140252/https://data.oireachtas.ie/ie/oireachtas/electoralProcess/electionResults/dail/2020/2020-05-01_33rd-dail-general-election-results_en.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 15 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Speech+by+Bertie+Ahern+at+a+Fianna+F%C3%A1il+conference%2C+%2817+September+2007%29&rft.pub=University+of+Ulster+Conflict+Archive+on+the+Internet+%28CAIN%29+website&rft.date=2007-09-17&rft.aulast=Ahern&rft.aufirst=Bertie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcain.ulst.ac.uk%2Fissues%2Fpolitics%2Fdocs%2Fdott%2Fba170907.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/7260556.stm">"Fianna Fáil confirms UUP recruit"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 23 February 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120419103733/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/7260556.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 19 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Fianna+F%C3%A1il+confirms+UUP+recruit&rft.date=2008-02-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2Fnorthern_ireland%2F7260556.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rte-ukelcomm-181"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rte-ukelcomm_181-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/oireachtas/fianna-f%C3%A1il-leader-confirms-party-will-run-candidates-in-the-north-in-2019-1.1734326">"FF officially recognised in Northern Ireland"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Times" title="The Irish Times">The Irish Times</a></i>. 22 March 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140322064103/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/oireachtas/fianna-f%C3%A1il-leader-confirms-party-will-run-candidates-in-the-north-in-2019-1.1734326">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=FF+officially+recognised+in+Northern+Ireland&rft.date=2014-03-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Foireachtas%2Ffianna-f%25C3%25A1il-leader-confirms-party-will-run-candidates-in-the-north-in-2019-1.1734326&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/8387810.stm">"Assembly Member Joins Fianna Fail"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 1 December 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220226124046/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/8387810.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Assembly+Member+Joins+Fianna+Fail&rft.date=2009-12-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fnorthern_ireland%2F8387810.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180923120736/http://www.crossexaminer.co.uk/archives/4509">"Taoiseach opens Fianna Fáil Party Office in Crossmaglen"</a>. <i>Crossmaglen Examiner</i>. 27 June 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crossexaminer.co.uk/archives/4509">the original</a> on 23 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crossmaglen+Examiner&rft.atitle=Taoiseach+opens+Fianna+F%C3%A1il+Party+Office+in+Crossmaglen&rft.date=2010-06-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crossexaminer.co.uk%2Farchives%2F4509&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/7133848.stm">"Fianna Fáil accepted as NI party"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 7 December 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110728075707/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/7133848.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 28 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Fianna+F%C3%A1il+accepted+as+NI+party&rft.date=2007-12-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2Fnorthern_ireland%2F7133848.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.highlandradio.com/2014/03/22/fianna-fail-ard-fheis-passes-two-significant-donegal-north-east-motions">"Fianna Fail Ard Fheis passes two significant Donegal North East motions"</a>. Highland Radio. 22 March 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307013551/http://www.highlandradio.com/2014/03/22/fianna-fail-ard-fheis-passes-two-significant-donegal-north-east-motions/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fianna+Fail+Ard+Fheis+passes+two+significant+Donegal+North+East+motions&rft.pub=Highland+Radio&rft.date=2014-03-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.highlandradio.com%2F2014%2F03%2F22%2Ffianna-fail-ard-fheis-passes-two-significant-donegal-north-east-motions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/6998543.stm">"Fianna Fáil 'will organise in NI'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bbc.co.uk" class="mw-redirect" title="Bbc.co.uk">bbc.co.uk</a>. 17 September 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110728075651/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/6998543.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 28 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Fianna+F%C3%A1il+%27will+organise+in+NI%27&rft.date=2007-09-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2Fnorthern_ireland%2F6998543.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcClafferty2019" class="citation news cs1">McClafferty, Enda (10 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-46831690">"Ritchie backs SDLP-Fianna Fáil alliance"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190201054403/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-46831690">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ritchie+backs+SDLP-Fianna+F%C3%A1il+alliance&rft.date=2019-01-10&rft.aulast=McClafferty&rft.aufirst=Enda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-northern-ireland-46831690&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sluggerotoole.com/2019/01/24/fianna-fail-and-sdlp-announce-joint-partnership/">"Fianna Fail and SDLP announce joint partnership"</a>. 24 January 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190125230456/https://sluggerotoole.com/2019/01/24/fianna-fail-and-sdlp-announce-joint-partnership/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fianna+Fail+and+SDLP+announce+joint+partnership&rft.date=2019-01-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsluggerotoole.com%2F2019%2F01%2F24%2Ffianna-fail-and-sdlp-announce-joint-partnership%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-46967829">"SDLP and FF 'to unveil shared policies'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 23 January 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190126003314/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-46967829">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=SDLP+and+FF+%27to+unveil+shared+policies%27&rft.date=2019-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-northern-ireland-46967829&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-63075543">"SDLP signals end of partnership with Fianna Fáil"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 29 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=SDLP+signals+end+of+partnership+with+Fianna+F%C3%A1il&rft.date=2022-09-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-northern-ireland-63075543&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/northern-ireland/sdlp-ends-three-year-partnership-with-fianna-fail-as-party-examines-poor-assembly-election-results-42025139.html">"SDLP ends three-year partnership with Fianna Fail as party examines poor Assembly election results"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Belfast_Telegraph" title="Belfast Telegraph">Belfast Telegraph</a></i>. 28 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Belfast+Telegraph&rft.atitle=SDLP+ends+three-year+partnership+with+Fianna+Fail+as+party+examines+poor+Assembly+election+results&rft.date=2022-09-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.belfasttelegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fnorthern-ireland%2Fsdlp-ends-three-year-partnership-with-fianna-fail-as-party-examines-poor-assembly-election-results-42025139.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://liberal-international.org/our-members/regions/europe/">"Our Members—Europe"</a>. Liberal International. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171107023753/https://liberal-international.org/our-members/regions/europe/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+Members%E2%80%94Europe&rft.pub=Liberal+International&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fliberal-international.org%2Four-members%2Fregions%2Feurope%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gillissen-193"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gillissen_193-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillissen2010" class="citation book cs1">Gillissen, Christophe (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QoKaFhA-unwC&pg=PA157"><i>Ireland: Looking East</i></a>. Peter Lang. p. 157–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-5201-652-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-5201-652-8"><bdi>978-90-5201-652-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140101151200/http://books.google.com/books?id=QoKaFhA-unwC&pg=PA157">Archived</a> from the original on 1 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ireland%3A+Looking+East&rft.pages=157-&rft.pub=Peter+Lang&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-90-5201-652-8&rft.aulast=Gillissen&rft.aufirst=Christophe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQoKaFhA-unwC%26pg%3DPA157&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FFfull-text-taoiseach-brian-cowen-at-the-official-opening-of-72nd-fianna-fail-194"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FFfull-text-taoiseach-brian-cowen-at-the-official-opening-of-72nd-fianna-fail_194-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fiannafail.ie/feature/entry/full-text-taoiseach-brian-cowen-at-the-official-opening-of-72nd-fianna-fail/">"Full Text: Taoiseach Brian Cowen at the official Opening of 72nd Fianna Fáil Ard Fheis – Part 1"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090303163833/http://www.fiannafail.ie/feature/entry/full-text-taoiseach-brian-cowen-at-the-official-opening-of-72nd-fianna-fail/">Archived</a> 3 March 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Fianna Fáil website, posted 27 February 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWillis2009" class="citation web cs1">Willis, Andrew (29 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://euobserver.com/9/28912">"Irish leader feeling the heat in EU liberal group"</a>. Euobserver.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110710205105/http://euobserver.com/9/28912">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Irish+leader+feeling+the+heat+in+EU+liberal+group&rft.pub=Euobserver.com&rft.date=2009-10-29&rft.aulast=Willis&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feuobserver.com%2F9%2F28912&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newstalk.ie/Luke-Ming-Flanagan-will-take-the-first-seat-in-Midlands-North-West">"Luke Ming Flanagan takes first seat in Midlands North West"</a>. <i>newstalk.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220226124122/https://www.newstalk.com/news/luke-ming-flanagan-will-take-the-first-seat-in-midlands-north-west-699481">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=newstalk.com&rft.atitle=Luke+Ming+Flanagan+takes+first+seat+in+Midlands+North+West&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newstalk.ie%2FLuke-Ming-Flanagan-will-take-the-first-seat-in-Midlands-North-West&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishtimes.com/news/elections/european-elections/midlands-north-west">"Elections 2014 Midlands North West Constituency"</a>. <i>The Irish Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150823225349/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/elections/european-elections/midlands-north-west">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Elections+2014+Midlands+North+West+Constituency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Felections%2Feuropean-elections%2Fmidlands-north-west&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Connell2014" class="citation web cs1">O'Connell, Hugh (12 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thejournal.ie/pat-the-cope-gallagher-fianna-fail-european-elections-1357940-Mar2014">"Pat 'The Cope': Fianna Fáil's European election strategy could be 'dangerous'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>TheJournal.ie</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140715035801/http://www.thejournal.ie/pat-the-cope-gallagher-fianna-fail-european-elections-1357940-Mar2014/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheJournal.ie&rft.atitle=Pat+%27The+Cope%27%3A+Fianna+F%C3%A1il%27s+European+election+strategy+could+be+%27dangerous%27&rft.date=2014-03-12&rft.aulast=O%27Connell&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejournal.ie%2Fpat-the-cope-gallagher-fianna-fail-european-elections-1357940-Mar2014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rte.ie/news/2014/0623/625874-fianna-fail-europe/">"Crowley angers FF by joining conservative group"</a>. <i>RTÉ.ie</i>. 23 June 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140623191808/http://www.rte.ie/news/2014/0623/625874-fianna-fail-europe/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RT%C3%89.ie&rft.atitle=Crowley+angers+FF+by+joining+conservative+group&rft.date=2014-06-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rte.ie%2Fnews%2F2014%2F0623%2F625874-fianna-fail-europe%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDonald2014" class="citation news cs1">McDonald, Henry (24 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/24/fianna-fail-mep-brian-crowley-whip-withdrawn">"Fianna Fáil MEP loses whip for joining rightwing European parliament bloc"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140905111710/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/24/fianna-fail-mep-brian-crowley-whip-withdrawn">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Fianna+F%C3%A1il+MEP+loses+whip+for+joining+rightwing+European+parliament+bloc&rft.date=2014-06-24&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Fjun%2F24%2Ffianna-fail-mep-brian-crowley-whip-withdrawn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171002005936/https://www.fiannafail.ie/people/brian-crowley/">"Brian Crowley"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fiannafail.ie/people/brian-crowley/">the original</a> on 2 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brian+Crowley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fiannafail.ie%2Fpeople%2Fbrian-crowley%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://memberspage.cor.europa.eu/#/?mandate=mem&language=en&country=IE&v=1610988015469">"Members Page v9.6.3.0"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201230124440/https://memberspage.cor.europa.eu/#/?mandate=mem&language=en&country=IE&v=1610988015469">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Members+Page+v9.6.3.0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmemberspage.cor.europa.eu%2F%23%2F%3Fmandate%3Dmem%26language%3Den%26country%3DIE%26v%3D1610988015469&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://memberspage.cor.europa.eu/#/?mandate=alt&language=en&country=IE&v=1610988300766">"Members Page v9.6.3.0"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201230124440/https://memberspage.cor.europa.eu/#/?mandate=alt&language=en&country=IE&v=1610988300766">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Members+Page+v9.6.3.0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmemberspage.cor.europa.eu%2F%23%2F%3Fmandate%3Dalt%26language%3Den%26country%3DIE%26v%3D1610988300766&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reneweurope-cor.eu/bureau/">"Bureau"</a>. <i>Renew Europe CoR</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210513003820/https://reneweurope-cor.eu/bureau/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Renew+Europe+CoR&rft.atitle=Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freneweurope-cor.eu%2Fbureau%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFianna+F%C3%A1il" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fianna_F%C3%A1il&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em"> <ul><li>Joe Ambrose (2006) <i>Dan Breen and the IRA</i>, Douglas Village, Cork : Mercier Press, 223 p., <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85635-506-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-85635-506-3">1-85635-506-3</a></li> <li>Bruce Arnold (2001) <i>Jack Lynch: Hero in Crisis</i>, Dublin : Merlin, 250p. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-903582-06-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-903582-06-7">1-903582-06-7</a></li> <li>Tim Pat Coogan (1993) <i>De Valera : long fellow, long shadow</i>, London : Hutchinson, 772 p., <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-09-175030-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-09-175030-X">0-09-175030-X</a></li> <li>Joe Joyce and Peter Murtagh (1983) <i>The Boss: Charles J. Haughey in government</i>, Swords, Dublin : Poolbeg Press, 400 p., <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-905169-69-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-905169-69-7">0-905169-69-7</a></li> <li>Stephen Kelly (2013),<i>Fianna Fáil, Partition and Northern Ireland</i>, Kildare : Irish Academic Press <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0716531869" title="Special:BookSources/978-0716531869">978-0716531869</a></li> <li>Stephen Kelly (2016), <i>A failed political entity': Charles J. Haughey and the Northern Ireland question, 1945–1992</i>, Kildare: Merrion Press <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781785370984" title="Special:BookSources/9781785370984">9781785370984</a></li> <li>F.S.L. Lyons (1985) <i>Ireland Since the Famine</i>, 2nd rev. ed., London : FontanaPress, 800 p., <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-00-686005-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-00-686005-2">0-00-686005-2</a></li> <li>Dorothy McCardle (1968) <i>The Irish Republic. A documented chronicle of the Anglo-Irish conflict and the partitioning of Ireland, with a detailed account of the period 1916–1923, etc.</i>, 989 p., <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-552-07862-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-552-07862-X">0-552-07862-X</a></li> <li>Donnacha Ó Beacháin (2010) <i>Destiny of the Soldiers: Fianna Fáil, Irish Republicanism and the IRA, 1926–1973</i>, Gill and Macmillan, 540 p., <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-71714-763-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-71714-763-0">0-71714-763-0</a></li> <li>T. Ryle Dwyer (2001) <i>Nice fellow : a biography of Jack Lynch</i>, Cork : Mercier Press, 416 p., <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85635-368-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-85635-368-0">1-85635-368-0</a></li> <li>T. Ryle Dwyer (1999) <i>Short fellow : a biography of Charles J. Haughey</i>, Dublin : Marino, 477 p., <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86023-100-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-86023-100-4">1-86023-100-4</a></li> <li>T. Ryle Dwyer, (1997) <i>Fallen Idol : Haughey's controversial career</i>, Cork : Mercier Press, 191 p., <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85635-202-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-85635-202-1">1-85635-202-1</a></li> <li>Raymond Smith (1986) <i>Haughey and O'Malley : The quest for power</i>, Dublin : Aherlow, 295 p., <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-870138-00-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-870138-00-7">1-870138-00-7</a></li> <li>Tim Ryan (1994) <i>Albert Reynolds : the Longford leader : the unauthorised biography</i>, Dublin : Blackwater Press, 226 p., <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86121-549-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-86121-549-4">0-86121-549-4</a></li> <li>Dick Walsh (1986) <i>The Party: Inside Fianna Fáil</i>, Dublin : Gill & Macmillan, 161 p., <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7171-1446-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7171-1446-5">0-7171-1446-5</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fianna_F%C3%A1il&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304211502/http://www.planningtribunal.ie/images/finalReport.pdf">Final report of the Mahon Tribunal</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fianna_Fáil" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#66BB66;color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Template:Fianna Fáil"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Template talk:Fianna Fáil"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fianna Fáil"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fianna_Fáil" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="color:white;">Fianna Fáil</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#66BB66;color:white;;width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="History of Fianna Fáil">History of Fianna Fáil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abstentionism" title="Abstentionism">Abstentionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish_Treaty" title="Anglo-Irish Treaty">Anglo-Irish Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Treaty_Sinn_F%C3%A9in" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Treaty Sinn Féin">Anti-Treaty Sinn Féin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arms_Crisis" title="Arms Crisis">Arms Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beef_Tribunal" title="Beef Tribunal">Beef Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Tiger" title="Celtic Tiger">Celtic Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comhairle_na_dTeachta%C3%AD" title="Comhairle na dTeachtaí">Comhairle na dTeachtaí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumann_na_Poblachta" title="Cumann na Poblachta">Cumann na Poblachta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Emergency_(Ireland)" title="The Emergency (Ireland)">The Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fianna_F%C3%A1il_TDs" title="Category:Fianna Fáil TDs">Fianna Fáil TDs (past and present</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gang_of_22" title="Gang of 22">Gang of 22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Independent Fianna Fáil">Independent Fianna Fáil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Civil_War" title="Irish Civil War">Irish Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">Irish EEC ascension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-2008_Irish_economic_downturn" title="Post-2008 Irish economic downturn">Irish Recession (2008)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Press" title="The Irish Press">The Irish Press</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahon_Tribunal" title="Mahon Tribunal">Mahon Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moriarty_Tribunal" title="Moriarty Tribunal">Moriarty Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_peace_process" title="Northern Ireland peace process">Northern Ireland peace process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Democrats" title="Progressive Democrats">Progressive Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Irish_government_formation" title="2016 Irish government formation">2016 Irish government formation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#66BB66;color:white;;width:1%">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#66BB66;color:white;">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera">De Valera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Lemass" title="Seán Lemass">Lemass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lynch" title="Jack Lynch">Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Haughey" title="Charles Haughey">Haughey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Reynolds" title="Albert Reynolds">Reynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertie_Ahern" title="Bertie Ahern">Ahern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Cowen" title="Brian Cowen">Cowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miche%C3%A1l_Martin" title="Micheál Martin">Martin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#66BB66;color:white;">Deputy leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Brennan_(Fianna_F%C3%A1il_politician)" title="Joseph Brennan (Fianna Fáil politician)">J. Brennan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Colley" title="George Colley">Colley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_MacSharry" title="Ray MacSharry">MacSharry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Lenihan_Snr" title="Brian Lenihan Snr">Lenihan Snr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wilson_(Irish_politician)" title="John Wilson (Irish politician)">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertie_Ahern" title="Bertie Ahern">Ahern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_O%27Rourke" title="Mary O'Rourke">Rourke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Cowen" title="Brian Cowen">Cowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Coughlan_(politician)" title="Mary Coughlan (politician)">Coughlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Hanafin" title="Mary Hanafin">Hanafin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Lenihan_Jnr" title="Brian Lenihan Jnr">Lenihan Jnr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_%C3%93_Cu%C3%ADv" title="Éamon Ó Cuív">Ó Cuív</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dara_Calleary" title="Dara Calleary">Calleary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Chambers_(politician)" title="Jack Chambers (politician)">Chambers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#66BB66;color:white;"><a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Seanad Éireann"><span style="color:white;">Seanad leaders</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eoin_Ryan_Snr" title="Eoin Ryan Snr">Ryan Snr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mick_Lanigan" title="Mick Lanigan">Lanigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Fallon_(politician)" title="Seán Fallon (politician)">Fallon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._V._Wright" title="G. V. Wright">Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donie_Cassidy" title="Donie Cassidy">Cassidy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_O%27Rourke" title="Mary O'Rourke">O'Rourke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darragh_O%27Brien" title="Darragh O'Brien">O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Ardagh" title="Catherine Ardagh">Ardagh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#66BB66;color:white;">Secretaries-General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9amus_Brennan" title="Séamus Brennan">S. Brennan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Wall_(Irish_politician)" title="Frank Wall (Irish politician)">Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Farrell" title="Pat Farrell">P. Farrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Dorgan" title="Seán Dorgan">Dorgan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#66BB66;color:white;">Leadership elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1959_Fianna_F%C3%A1il_leadership_election" title="1959 Fianna Fáil leadership election">1959 (Lemass)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Fianna_F%C3%A1il_leadership_election" title="1966 Fianna Fáil leadership election">1966 (Lynch)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Fianna_F%C3%A1il_leadership_election" title="1979 Fianna Fáil leadership election">1979 (Haughey)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Fianna_F%C3%A1il_leadership_election" title="1992 Fianna Fáil leadership election">1992 (Reynolds)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Fianna_F%C3%A1il_leadership_election" title="1994 Fianna Fáil leadership election">1994 (Ahern)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Fianna_F%C3%A1il_leadership_election" title="2008 Fianna Fáil leadership election">2008 (Cowen)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Fianna_F%C3%A1il_leadership_election" title="2011 Fianna Fáil leadership election">2011 (Martin)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#66BB66;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Category:Fianna Fáil"><span style="color:white;">Party structures</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cumann" title="Cumann">Cumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Leader of Fianna Fáil">Leader of Fianna Fáil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardfheis" title="Ardfheis">Ardfheis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il_Front_Bench" title="Fianna Fáil Front Bench">Fianna Fáil Front Bench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93gra_Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Ógra Fianna Fáil">Ógra Fianna Fáil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#66BB66;color:white;;width:1%">Presidential candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#66BB66;color:white;">Presidential candidates<br /><i>(winners in bold)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_T._O%27Kelly" title="Seán T. O'Kelly">Seán T. O'Kelly</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/1945_Irish_presidential_election" title="1945 Irish presidential election">1945</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera">Éamon de Valera</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/1959_Irish_presidential_election" title="1959 Irish presidential election">1959</a>, <a href="/wiki/1966_Irish_presidential_election" title="1966 Irish presidential election">1966</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Erskine_Hamilton_Childers" title="Erskine Hamilton Childers">Erskine H. Childers</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/1973_Irish_presidential_election" title="1973 Irish presidential election">1973</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Lenihan_Snr" title="Brian Lenihan Snr">Brian Lenihan Snr</a> (<a href="/wiki/1990_Irish_presidential_election" title="1990 Irish presidential election">1990</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mary_McAleese" title="Mary McAleese">Mary McAleese</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/1997_Irish_presidential_election" title="1997 Irish presidential election">1997</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#66BB66;color:white;">Unopposed presidential candidates<br />with Fianna Fáil support</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hyde" title="Douglas Hyde">Douglas Hyde</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/1938_Irish_presidential_election" title="1938 Irish presidential election">1938</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_T._O%27Kelly" title="Seán T. O'Kelly">Seán T. O'Kelly</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/1952_Irish_presidential_election" title="1952 Irish presidential election">1952</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cearbhall_%C3%93_D%C3%A1laigh" title="Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh">Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/1974_Irish_presidential_election" title="1974 Irish presidential election">1974</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Hillery" title="Patrick Hillery">Patrick Hillery</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/1976_Irish_presidential_election" title="1976 Irish presidential election">1976</a>, <a href="/wiki/1983_Irish_presidential_election" title="1983 Irish presidential election">1983</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mary_McAleese" title="Mary McAleese">Mary McAleese</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/2004_Irish_presidential_election" title="2004 Irish presidential election">2004</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#66BB66;color:white;;width:1%">Elected representatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#66BB66;color:white;"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann"><span style="color:white;">Dáil Éireann</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Browne_(Fianna_F%C3%A1il_politician)" title="James Browne (Fianna Fáil politician)">James Browne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Butler_(politician)" title="Mary Butler (politician)">Mary Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Byrne_(Meath_politician)" title="Thomas Byrne (Meath politician)">Thomas Byrne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Cahill" title="Jackie Cahill">Jackie Cahill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dara_Calleary" title="Dara Calleary">Dara Calleary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Chambers_(politician)" title="Jack Chambers (politician)">Jack Chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niall_Collins" title="Niall Collins">Niall Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathal_Crowe" title="Cathal Crowe">Cathal Crowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Donnelly" title="Stephen Donnelly">Stephen Donnelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cormac_Devlin" title="Cormac Devlin">Cormac Devlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Flaherty_(politician)" title="Joe Flaherty (politician)">Joe Flaherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Fleming" title="Seán Fleming">Seán Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norma_Foley" title="Norma Foley">Norma Foley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Haughey" title="Seán Haughey">Seán Haughey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lahart" title="John Lahart">John Lahart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lawless" title="James Lawless">James Lawless</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Miche%C3%A1l_Martin" title="Micheál Martin">Micheál Martin</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_McAuliffe" title="Paul McAuliffe">Paul McAuliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_McConalogue" title="Charlie McConalogue">Charlie McConalogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_McGrath_(Irish_politician)" title="Michael McGrath (Irish politician)">Michael McGrath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McGuinness_(politician)" title="John McGuinness (politician)">John McGuinness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aindrias_Moynihan" title="Aindrias Moynihan">Aindrias Moynihan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Moynihan_(Cork_politician)" title="Michael Moynihan (Cork politician)">Michael Moynihan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Murnane_O%27Connor" title="Jennifer Murnane O'Connor">Jennifer Murnane O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darragh_O%27Brien" title="Darragh O'Brien">Darragh O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_O%27Callaghan" title="Jim O'Callaghan">Jim O'Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_O%27Connor_(Cork_politician)" title="James O'Connor (Cork politician)">James O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_%C3%93_Cu%C3%ADv" title="Éamon Ó Cuív">Éamon Ó Cuív</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_O%27Dea" title="Willie O'Dea">Willie O'Dea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_O%27Sullivan" title="Christopher O'Sullivan">Christopher O'Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1draig_O%27Sullivan" title="Pádraig O'Sullivan">Pádraig O'Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Rabbitte" title="Anne Rabbitte">Anne Rabbitte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Smith_(politician)" title="Brendan Smith (politician)">Brendan Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niamh_Smyth" title="Niamh Smyth">Niamh Smyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Troy" title="Robert Troy">Robert Troy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#66BB66;color:white;"><a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Seanad Éireann"><span style="color:white;">Seanad Éireann</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Ardagh" title="Catherine Ardagh">Catherine Ardagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niall_Blaney" title="Niall Blaney">Niall Blaney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Byrne" title="Malcolm Byrne">Malcolm Byrne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Casey_(politician)" title="Pat Casey (politician)">Pat Casey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shane_Cassells" title="Shane Cassells">Shane Cassells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Chambers" title="Lisa Chambers">Lisa Chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_Clifford-Lee" title="Lorraine Clifford-Lee">Lorraine Clifford-Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ollie_Crowe" title="Ollie Crowe">Ollie Crowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Daly_(politician)" title="Mark Daly (politician)">Mark Daly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Daly_(politician)" title="Paul Daly (politician)">Paul Daly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aidan_Davitt" title="Aidan Davitt">Aidan Davitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timmy_Dooley" title="Timmy Dooley">Timmy Dooley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Fitzpatrick" title="Mary Fitzpatrick">Mary Fitzpatrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robbie_Gallagher" title="Robbie Gallagher">Robbie Gallagher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Horkan" title="Gerry Horkan">Gerry Horkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erin_McGreehan" title="Erin McGreehan">Erin McGreehan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_O%27Donovan" title="Denis O'Donovan">Denis O'Donovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiona_O%27Loughlin_(politician)" title="Fiona O'Loughlin (politician)">Fiona O'Loughlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ned_O%27Sullivan" title="Ned O'Sullivan">Ned O'Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diarmuid_Wilson" title="Diarmuid Wilson">Diarmuid Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#66BB66;color:white;"><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament"><span style="color:white;">European Parliament</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Andrews_(politician)" title="Barry Andrews (politician)">Barry Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Cowen" title="Barry Cowen">Barry Cowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Kelleher" title="Billy Kelleher">Billy Kelleher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_N%C3%AD_Mhurch%C3%BA" title="Cynthia Ní Mhurchú">Cynthia Ní Mhurchú</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#66BB66;color:white;;width:1%">Alliances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#66BB66;color:white;">European</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe">Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renew_Europe" title="Renew Europe">Renew Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#66BB66;color:white;">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_International" title="Liberal International">Liberal International</a> <small>(observer)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_parties_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Political_parties_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Template:Political parties in the Republic of Ireland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Political_parties_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Template talk:Political parties in the Republic of Ireland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Political_parties_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Political parties in the Republic of Ireland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_parties_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="List of political parties in the Republic of Ireland">Political parties</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Bracketed numbers indicates the current number of seats held by the party in each body</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann">Dáil Éireann</a> <span class="nobold">(160)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fianna Fáil</a> (35)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a> (33)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">Fine Gael</a> (32)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Ireland)" title="Green Party (Ireland)">Green Party</a> (12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Labour Party (Ireland)">Labour Party</a> (6)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democrats_(Ireland)" title="Social Democrats (Ireland)">Social Democrats</a> (6)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Before_Profit%E2%80%93Solidarity" title="People Before Profit–Solidarity">People Before Profit–Solidarity</a> (5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Ireland" title="Independent Ireland">Independent Ireland</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aont%C3%BA" title="Aontú">Aontú</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_Change" title="Right to Change">Right to Change</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician_(Ireland)" title="Independent politician (Ireland)">Independent</a> (20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceann_Comhairle" title="Ceann Comhairle">Ceann Comhairle</a> (1)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Seanad Éireann">Seanad Éireann</a> <span class="nobold">(60)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fianna Fáil</a> (20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">Fine Gael</a> (16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Ireland)" title="Green Party (Ireland)">Green Party</a> (5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Labour Party (Ireland)">Labour Party</a> (4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician_(Ireland)" title="Independent politician (Ireland)">Independent</a> (11)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> <span class="nobold">(14 of 720)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">Fine Gael</a> (<a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_Group" title="European People's Party Group">EPP</a>, 4)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fianna Fáil</a> (<a href="/wiki/Renew_Europe" title="Renew Europe">Renew</a>, 4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Left_in_the_European_Parliament_%E2%80%93_GUE/NGL" class="mw-redirect" title="The Left in the European Parliament – GUE/NGL">The Left</a>, 2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Ireland" title="Independent Ireland">Independent Ireland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Renew_Europe" title="Renew Europe">Renew</a>, 1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Labour Party (Ireland)">Labour Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats" title="Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats">S&A</a>, 1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_%27Ming%27_Flanagan" title="Luke 'Ming' Flanagan">Flanagan</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Left_in_the_European_Parliament_%E2%80%93_GUE/NGL" class="mw-redirect" title="The Left in the European Parliament – GUE/NGL">The Left</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_McNamara_(politician)" title="Michael McNamara (politician)">McNamara</a> (<a href="/wiki/Renew_Europe" title="Renew Europe">Renew</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Local government in the Republic of Ireland">City and County Councils</a> <span class="nobold">(949)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fianna Fáil</a> (246)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">Fine Gael</a> (246)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a> (101)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Labour Party (Ireland)">Labour Party</a> (57)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democrats_(Ireland)" title="Social Democrats (Ireland)">Social Democrats</a> (34)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Ireland" title="Independent Ireland">Independent Ireland</a> (23)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Ireland)" title="Green Party (Ireland)">Green Party</a> (23)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Before_Profit%E2%80%93Solidarity" title="People Before Profit–Solidarity">People Before Profit–Solidarity</a> (13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aont%C3%BA" title="Aontú">Aontú</a> (8)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/100%25_Redress" title="100% Redress">100% Redress</a> (4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independents_4_Change" title="Independents 4 Change">Independents 4 Change</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Freedom_Party" title="Irish Freedom Party">Irish Freedom Party</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerry_Independent_Alliance" title="Kerry Independent Alliance">Kerry Independent Alliance</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_(Ireland,_2016)" title="National Party (Ireland, 2016)">National Party</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_Change" title="Right to Change">Right to Change</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Republican Sinn Féin">Republican Sinn Féin</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers_and_Unemployed_Action" title="Workers and Unemployed Action">Workers and Unemployed Action</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician_(Ireland)" title="Independent politician (Ireland)">Independent</a> (187)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other registered parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renua" title="Renua">Centre Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Ireland" title="Communist Party of Ireland">Communist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ir%C3%ADg%C3%AD" title="Éirígí">Éirígí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmers%27_Alliance_(Ireland)" title="Farmers' Alliance (Ireland)">Farmers' Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADs_Nua" title="Fís Nua">Fís Nua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland_First" class="mw-redirect" title="Ireland First">Ireland First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Dignity_Alliance" title="Human Dignity Alliance">Human Dignity Alliance</a></li> <li>The Irish People</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Republic" title="Liberty Republic">Liberty Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Animal_Welfare" title="Party for Animal Welfare">Party for Animal Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabharta" title="Rabharta">Rabharta</a></li> <li>United People</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_(Ireland)" title="Workers' Party (Ireland)">Workers' Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Historic_Irish_parties" title="Template:Historic Irish parties">Defunct Irish political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Politics of the Republic of Ireland">Politics of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties by country">List of political parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_parties_in_Northern_Ireland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Political_parties_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Template:Political parties in Northern Ireland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Political_parties_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Template talk:Political parties in Northern Ireland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Political_parties_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Political parties in Northern Ireland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_parties_in_Northern_Ireland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Northern_Ireland" title="List of political parties in Northern Ireland">Political parties in Northern Ireland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Legislative_Assembly_(Northern_Ireland)" title="Member of the Legislative Assembly (Northern Ireland)">MLAs</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Assembly" title="Northern Ireland Assembly">Northern Ireland Assembly</a> (90)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unionism_in_Ireland" title="Unionism in Ireland">Unionist</a> (37)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party" title="Democratic Unionist Party">Democratic Unionist Party</a> (25)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Unionist Party">Ulster Unionist Party</a> (9)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Unionist_Voice" title="Traditional Unionist Voice">Traditional Unionist Voice</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Unionist" title="Independent Unionist">Independent</a> (2)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalism" title="Irish nationalism">Nationalist</a> (35)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a> (27)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_and_Labour_Party" title="Social Democratic and Labour Party">Social Democratic and Labour Party</a> (8)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other (18)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Alliance Party of Northern Ireland">Alliance Party of Northern Ireland</a> (17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Before_Profit" title="People Before Profit">People Before Profit</a> (1)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">MPs</a> in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a> (18 of 650)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a><sup>†</sup> (7)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party" title="Democratic Unionist Party">Democratic Unionist Party</a> (5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_and_Labour_Party" title="Social Democratic and Labour Party">Social Democratic and Labour Party</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Alliance Party of Northern Ireland">Alliance Party of Northern Ireland</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Unionist_Voice" title="Traditional Unionist Voice">Traditional Unionist Voice</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Unionist Party">Ulster Unionist Party</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Easton" title="Alex Easton">Independent</a> (1)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Councillor" title="Councillor">Councillors</a> in <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Local government in Northern Ireland">local<br />unitary authorities</a> (462)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a> (144)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party" title="Democratic Unionist Party">Democratic Unionist Party</a> (122)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Alliance Party of Northern Ireland">Alliance Party of Northern Ireland</a> (67)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Unionist Party">Ulster Unionist Party</a> (54)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_and_Labour_Party" title="Social Democratic and Labour Party">Social Democratic and Labour Party</a> (39)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> (19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Unionist_Voice" title="Traditional Unionist Voice">Traditional Unionist Voice</a> (9)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_Northern_Ireland" title="Green Party Northern Ireland">Green Party Northern Ireland</a> (5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Before_Profit" title="People Before Profit">People Before Profit</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Unionist_Party" title="Progressive Unionist Party">Progressive Unionist Party</a> (1)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><sup>†</sup>Sinn Féin have elected members and offices at Westminster, but as <a href="/wiki/Abstentionism" title="Abstentionism">abstentionists</a> do not take their seats.</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Politics of Northern Ireland">Politics of Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Elections in Northern Ireland">Elections in Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties by country">List of political parties by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:gold; color:black;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Template:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Template talk:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:gold; color:black;"><div>European Parliament group: <a href="/wiki/Renew_Europe" title="Renew Europe"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">Renew Europe</span></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">Parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">Member parties (<a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/NEOS_(Austria)" title="NEOS (Austria)">NEOS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/13px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/26px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="780" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Open_Vlaamse_Liberalen_en_Democraten" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten">Open Vld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouvement_R%C3%A9formateur" class="mw-redirect" title="Mouvement Réformateur">MR</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Movement for Rights and Freedoms">DPS/ДПС</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Croatian_People%27s_Party_%E2%80%93_Liberal_Democrats" title="Croatian People's Party – Liberal Democrats">HNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Social_Liberal_Party" title="Croatian Social Liberal Party">HSLS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istrian_Democratic_Assembly" title="Istrian Democratic Assembly">IDS/DDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_Liberal_Alliance" title="Civic Liberal Alliance">Glas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_(Croatian_political_party)" title="Centre (Croatian political party)">Centar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focus_(Croatian_political_party)" title="Focus (Croatian political party)">Fokus</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/15px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Democrats" title="United Democrats">EDI/Ε.ΔΗ.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alignment_(Cyprus)" title="Democratic Alignment (Cyprus)">DiPa/ΔηΠα</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/15px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/23px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/30px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Danish_Social_Liberal_Party" title="Danish Social Liberal Party">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venstre_(Denmark)" title="Venstre (Denmark)">V</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Centre_Party" title="Estonian Centre Party">K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Reform_Party" title="Estonian Reform Party">RE</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Finland)" title="Centre Party (Finland)">Kesk./C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_People%27s_Party_of_Finland" title="Swedish People's Party of Finland">RKP/SFP</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/15px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Radical_Party_(France)" title="Radical Party (France)">PR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Democrats_and_Independents" title="Union of Democrats and Independents">UDI</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/15px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">FDP</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/15px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/30px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Liberal_Party" title="Hungarian Liberal Party">Liberálisok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momentum_Movement" title="Momentum Movement">Momentum</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">FF</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/15px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Action_(Italian_political_party)" title="Action (Italian political party)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/More_Europe" title="More Europe">+E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Radicals" title="Italian Radicals">RI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Liberal_Democrats" title="European Liberal Democrats">LDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_K%C3%B6llensperger" class="mw-redirect" title="Team Köllensperger">TK</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Latvian_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvian Development">LA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_For!" title="Movement For!">Par!</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Party_(Lithuania)" title="Freedom Party (Lithuania)">LP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Movement_(Lithuania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Movement (Lithuania)">LRLS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/15px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/30px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Luxembourg)" title="Democratic Party (Luxembourg)">DP</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Democrats_66" title="Democrats 66">D66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Freedom and Democracy">VVD</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Modern_(political_party)" title="Modern (political party)">Nowoczesna</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/15px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/30px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Initiative_(Portugal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Initiative (Portugal)">IL</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Save_Romania_Union" title="Save Romania Union">USR</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Slovakia" title="Progressive Slovakia">PS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/15px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Citizens_(Spanish_political_party)" title="Citizens (Spanish political party)">C's</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/15px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Sweden)" title="Centre Party (Sweden)">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberals_(Sweden)" title="Liberals (Sweden)">L</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">Member parties (non-EU)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra"><img alt="Andorra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/15px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/23px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/30px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Action_for_Andorra" title="Action for Andorra">ACC!Ó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Andorra" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Party of Andorra">PLA</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia"><img alt="Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Armenian_National_Congress" title="Armenian National Congress">ANC/ՀԱԿ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bright_Armenia" title="Bright Armenia">BA/ԼՀ</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan"><img alt="Azerbaijan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Musavat" title="Musavat">Müsavat</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/15px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Liberal_Party_of_Freedom_and_Progress" class="mw-redirect" title="Belarusian Liberal Party of Freedom and Progress">PFP/ПСП</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina"><img alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/15px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Our_Party_(Bosnia_and_Herzegovina)" title="Our Party (Bosnia and Herzegovina)">NS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Georgia" title="Republican Party of Georgia">RP/რპ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Democrats_(Georgia)" title="Free Democrats (Georgia)">FD/თდ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategy_Aghmashenebeli" title="Strategy Aghmashenebeli">SA/სა</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lelo_for_Georgia" title="Lelo for Georgia">Lelo/ლელო</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girchi_-_More_Freedom" class="mw-redirect" title="Girchi - More Freedom">Girchi-MF/გირჩი-მთ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droa" title="Droa">Droa/დროა</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland"><img alt="Iceland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_(Iceland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reform Party (Iceland)">Viðreisn</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo"><img alt="Kosovo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/15px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/New_Kosovo_Alliance" title="New Kosovo Alliance">AKR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Kosovo" title="Democratic Party of Kosovo">PDK</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova"><img alt="Moldova" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/15px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/30px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Party of Moldova">PL</a></li> <li>CUB</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro"><img alt="Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/15px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/30px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Montenegro" title="Liberal Party of Montenegro">LPCG</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><img alt="North Macedonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/15px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(North_Macedonia)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (North Macedonia)">LDP/ЛДП</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/15px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/23px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/30px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Norway)" title="Liberal Party (Norway)">V</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Russia_%E2%80%93_People%27s_Freedom_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party of Russia – People's Freedom Party">RPR-PARNAS/РПР-ПАРНАС</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yabloko" title="Yabloko">Yabloko/Я́блоко</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Movement_of_Free_Citizens_(Serbia)" title="Movement of Free Citizens (Serbia)">PSG</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/11px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/17px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/FDP.The_Liberals" class="mw-redirect" title="FDP.The Liberals">FDP/PLR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Liberal_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Green Liberal Party of Switzerland">glp/pvl</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/15px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/European_Party_of_Ukraine" title="European Party of Ukraine">EPU/ЄПУ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Position" title="Civil Position">CP/ГП</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_of_the_People" title="Power of the People">SL/Сл</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servant_of_the_People" title="Servant of the People">SN/СН</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_(Ukrainian_political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Voice (Ukrainian political party)">Holos/Голос</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Alliance Party of Northern Ireland">Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Lib Dems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Gibraltar" title="Liberal Party of Gibraltar">Libs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">Party Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Thorn" title="Gaston Thorn">Gaston Thorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_De_Clercq" title="Willy De Clercq">Willy De Clercq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colette_Flesch" title="Colette Flesch">Colette Flesch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_De_Clercq" title="Willy De Clercq">Willy De Clercq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uffe_Ellemann-Jensen" title="Uffe Ellemann-Jensen">Uffe Ellemann-Jensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Hoyer" title="Werner Hoyer">Werner Hoyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annemie_Neyts-Uyttebroeck" title="Annemie Neyts-Uyttebroeck">Annemie Neyts-Uyttebroeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Watson" title="Graham Watson">Graham Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_van_Baalen" title="Hans van Baalen">Hans van Baalen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">European Parliament<br />Group Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yvon_Delbos" title="Yvon Delbos">Yvon Delbos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Pleven" title="René Pleven">René Pleven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelis_Berkhouwer" title="Cornelis Berkhouwer">Cornelis Berkhouwer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Durieux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Durieux (page does not exist)">Jean Durieux</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Durieux" class="extiw" title="fr:Jean Durieux">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pintat" title="Jean-François Pintat">Jean-François Pintat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Bangemann" title="Martin Bangemann">Martin Bangemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_Veil" title="Simone Veil">Simone Veil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valery_Giscard_d%27Estaing" class="mw-redirect" title="Valery Giscard d'Estaing">Valery Giscard d'Estaing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Galland" title="Yves Galland">Yves Galland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gijs_de_Vries" title="Gijs de Vries">Gijs de Vries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Cox" title="Pat Cox">Pat Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Watson" title="Graham Watson">Graham Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Verhofstadt" title="Guy Verhofstadt">Guy Verhofstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacian_Ciolo%C8%99" title="Dacian Cioloș">Dacian Cioloș</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_S%C3%A9journ%C3%A9" title="Stéphane Séjourné">Stéphane Séjourné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_Hayer" title="Valérie Hayer">Valérie Hayer</a></li> <li><b>see <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a></b></li></ul> <hr /> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">European Commissioners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%9Bra_Jourov%C3%A1" title="Věra Jourová">Věra Jourová</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janez_Lenar%C4%8Di%C4%8D" title="Janez Lenarčič">Janez Lenarčič</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didier_Reynders" title="Didier Reynders">Didier Reynders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadri_Simson" title="Kadri Simson">Kadri Simson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margrethe_Vestager" title="Margrethe Vestager">Margrethe Vestager</a></li> <li><b>see <a href="/wiki/Von_der_Leyen_Commission" title="Von der Leyen Commission">Von der Leyen Commission</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">Heads of government<br />at the European Council</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_De_Croo" title="Alexander De Croo">Alexander De Croo</a> (Belgium)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristen_Michal" title="Kristen Michal">Kristen Michal</a> (Estonia)</li> <li><b>see <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">Affiliated organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Liberal_Youth" title="European Liberal Youth">European Liberal Youth</a> (LYMEC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Liberal_Forum" title="European Liberal Forum">European Liberal Forum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background:gold; color:black;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Category:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Renew_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FFD700; color:black;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Renew_Europe" title="Template:Renew Europe"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Renew_Europe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Renew Europe (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Renew_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Renew Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Renew_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Renew_Europe" title="Renew Europe"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">Renew Europe</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#FFD700; color:black;"><div><a href="/wiki/Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Political groups of the European Parliament"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">European Parliament group</span></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFD700; color:black;;width:1%">Member parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFD700; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_political_party" title="European political party"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">European parties</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party">Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Democratic_Party" title="European Democratic Party">European Democratic Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFD700; color:black;;width:1%">National parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/NEOS_(Austria)" title="NEOS (Austria)">NEOS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/13px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/26px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="780" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Reformist_Movement" title="Reformist Movement">MR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Flemish_Liberals_and_Democrats" title="Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats">Open Vld</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Movement for Rights and Freedoms">DPS/ДПС</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Istrian_Democratic_Assembly" title="Istrian Democratic Assembly">IDS/DDI</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/ANO_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="ANO 2011">ANO</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/15px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/23px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/30px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Venstre_(Denmark)" title="Venstre (Denmark)">V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Social_Liberal_Party" title="Danish Social Liberal Party">B</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Centre_Party" title="Estonian Centre Party">K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Reform_Party" title="Estonian Reform Party">RE</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Finland)" title="Centre Party (Finland)">Kesk./C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_People%27s_Party_of_Finland" title="Swedish People's Party of Finland">RKP/SFP</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/15px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_(French_political_party)" title="Renaissance (French political party)">RE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Movement_(France)" title="Democratic Movement (France)">MoDem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Party_(France)" title="Radical Party (France)">PR</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/15px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">FDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Voters" title="Free Voters">FW</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/15px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/30px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Momentum_Movement" title="Momentum Movement">Momentum</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">FF</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/15px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Italia_Viva" title="Italia Viva">IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_(Italian_political_party)" title="Action (Italian political party)">A</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Development/For!" title="Development/For!">AP!</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Movement_(Lithuania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Movement (Lithuania)">LRLS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/15px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/30px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Luxembourg)" title="Democratic Party (Luxembourg)">DP</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Democrats_66" title="Democrats 66">D66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Freedom and Democracy">VVD</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Poland_2050" title="Poland 2050">PL2050</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Save_Romania_Union" title="Save Romania Union">USR</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Slovakia" title="Progressive Slovakia">PS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Movement_(Slovenia)" title="Freedom Movement (Slovenia)">GS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/15px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Citizens_(Spanish_political_party)" title="Citizens (Spanish political party)">C's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_Nationalist_Party" title="Basque Nationalist Party">EAJ-PNV</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/15px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Sweden)" title="Centre Party (Sweden)">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberals_(Sweden)" title="Liberals (Sweden)">L</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFD700; color:black;;width:1%">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>President: <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/15px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_S%C3%A9journ%C3%A9" title="Stéphane Séjourné">Stéphane Séjourné</a></li> <li>First Vice-President: <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Malik_Azmani" title="Malik Azmani">Malik Azmani</a></li> <li>Vice-Presidents: <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/15px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sylvie_Brunet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sylvie Brunet">Sylvie Brunet</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/15px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/30px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Katalin_Cseh" title="Katalin Cseh">Katalin Cseh</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/15px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jordi_Ca%C3%B1as_P%C3%A9rez" class="mw-redirect" title="Jordi Cañas Pérez">Jordi Cañas Pérez</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/15px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/23px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/30px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Morten_L%C3%B8kkegaard" title="Morten Løkkegaard">Morten Løkkegaard</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Iskra_Mihaylova" title="Iskra Mihaylova">Iskra Mihaylova</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9rique_Ries" title="Frédérique Ries">Frédérique Ries</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/15px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Riquet" title="Dominique Riquet">Dominique Riquet</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Michal_%C5%A0ime%C4%8Dka" title="Michal Šimečka">Michal Šimečka</a></li> <li>Secretary General: <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/15px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/23px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/30px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> Anders Rasmussen</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/148456067">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82138116">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007604161505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/034188185">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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