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Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_H%C3%B6fle_(SS-Mitglied,_1911)" title="Hermann Höfle (SS-Mitglied, 1911) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hermann Höfle (SS-Mitglied, 1911)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD_%CE%A7%CE%AD%CF%86%CE%BB%CE%B5" title="Χέρμαν Χέφλε – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χέρμαν Χέφλε" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_H%C3%B6fle" title="Hermann Höfle – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hermann Höfle" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%81%D9%84%D9%87" title="هرمان هوفله – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هرمان هوفله" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_H%C3%B6fle" title="Hermann Höfle – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hermann Höfle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_H%C3%B6fle" title="Hermann Höfle – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hermann Höfle" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%94" title="הרמן הפלה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הרמן הפלה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%81%D9%84%D9%89_(%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%82_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%87)" title="هيرمان هوفلى (سائق سياره اجره من المانيا النازيه) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هيرمان هوفلى (سائق سياره اجره من المانيا النازيه)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_H%C3%B6fle" title="Hermann Höfle – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hermann Höfle" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_H%C3%B6fle" title="Hermann Höfle – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hermann Höfle" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%91%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%B5,_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%A1)" title="Хёфле, Герман (офицер СС) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хёфле, Герман (офицер СС)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_H%C3%B6fle_(SS-Sturmbannf%C3%BChrer)" title="Hermann Höfle (SS-Sturmbannführer) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hermann Höfle (SS-Sturmbannführer)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%B5_(1911)" title="Герман Гефле (1911) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Герман Гефле (1911)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q78678#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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href="/w/index.php?title=Hermann_Julius_H%C3%B6fle&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Hermann Julius Höfle">Hermann Julius Höfle</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Austrian SS officer & war criminal (1911-1962)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the SS-Sturmbannführer. For the SS-Obergruppenführer of the same name, see <a href="/wiki/Hermann_H%C3%B6fle_(SS_general)" title="Hermann Höfle (SS general)">Hermann Höfle (SS general)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%; background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div style="display:inline-block" class="fn">Hermann Höfle</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;; line-height: 1.5em"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Hermann_Julius_Hoefle_mug_shot_1961.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Hermann_Julius_Hoefle_mug_shot_1961.jpg/220px-Hermann_Julius_Hoefle_mug_shot_1961.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a4/Hermann_Julius_Hoefle_mug_shot_1961.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="273" data-file-height="364" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="font-size: 100%">Höfle following his arrest in 1961</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Birth name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Hermann Julius Höfle</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Nickname(s)</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Hans</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1911-06-19</span>)</span>19 June 1911<br /><a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">21 August 1962<span style="display:none">(1962-08-21)</span> (aged 51)<br /><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service <wbr />/ branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">Schutzstaffel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1933–1945</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sturmbannf%C3%BChrer" title="Sturmbannführer">Sturmbannführer</a> (Major)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Commands</th><td class="infobox-data">Second in command for <a href="/wiki/Operation_Reinhard" title="Operation Reinhard">Operation Reinhard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data">War Merit Cross 2nd Class With Swords</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Other work</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Auto_mechanic" title="Auto mechanic">Auto mechanic</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Hermann Julius Höfle</b>, also <b>Hans</b> (or) <b>Hermann Hoefle</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈhɛʁman<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈhøːflə]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/7e\/Hermann_H%C3%B6fle.ogg\/Hermann_H%C3%B6fle.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Hermann H\u00f6fle.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7e/Hermann_H%C3%B6fle.ogg/Hermann_H%C3%B6fle.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Hermann_H%C3%B6fle.ogg" title="File:Hermann Höfle.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; 19 June 1911 – 21 August 1962<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlee2003_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlee2003-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), was an <a href="/wiki/Austrians" title="Austrians">Austrian</a>-born <a href="/wiki/SS" class="mw-redirect" title="SS">SS</a> commander and <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a> perpetrator during the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi era">Nazi era</a>. He was deputy to <a href="/wiki/Odilo_Globo%C4%8Dnik" class="mw-redirect" title="Odilo Globočnik">Odilo Globočnik</a> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Aktion_Reinhard" class="mw-redirect" title="Aktion Reinhard">Aktion Reinhard</a></i> program, serving as his main deportation and extermination expert. Arrested in 1961 in connection with these crimes, Höfle died via <a href="/wiki/Suicide_by_hanging" title="Suicide by hanging">suicide by hanging</a> in prison before he was tried. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="SS_career">SS career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermann_H%C3%B6fle&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: SS career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, Höfle joined the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a> on 1 August 1933, with party number 307,469. He joined the <a href="/wiki/SS" class="mw-redirect" title="SS">SS</a> at the same time. Before the war, he worked as an <a href="/wiki/Auto_mechanic" title="Auto mechanic">auto mechanic</a>. Due to illegal political activities, he was imprisoned in Salzburg from 25 May 1935 to 1 January 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlee2003_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlee2003-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crimes_against_humanity">Crimes against humanity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermann_H%C3%B6fle&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Crimes against humanity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">conquest of Poland</a>, Höfle served in <a href="/wiki/Nowy_S%C4%85cz" title="Nowy Sącz">Nowy Sącz</a>, in Southern Poland. In November 1940 he served as an overseer of a Jewish <a href="/wiki/Labour_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour camp">labour camp</a> southeast of <a href="/wiki/Lublin" title="Lublin">Lublin</a>. Up to December 1941 Höfle was in <a href="/wiki/Mogilev" title="Mogilev">Mogilev</a>. He was involved in deportations to the camps of <a href="/wiki/Belzec_extermination_camp" title="Belzec extermination camp">Belzec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sobibor_extermination_camp" title="Sobibor extermination camp">Sobibor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Treblinka" class="mw-redirect" title="Treblinka">Treblinka</a>. He lived and worked from the Aktion Reinhard <a href="/wiki/Headquarters" title="Headquarters">headquarters</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Julius_Schreck" title="Julius Schreck">Julius Schreck</a> Barracks, Ostland Strasse, in Lublin. </p><p>Höfle was "Coordinator" of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Reinhard" title="Operation Reinhard">Operation Reinhard</a> and chief of staff to <a href="/wiki/Odilo_Globo%C4%8Dnik" class="mw-redirect" title="Odilo Globočnik">Odilo Globočnik</a>, serving as his main deportation and extermination expert. Alongside <a href="/wiki/Christian_Wirth" title="Christian Wirth">Christian Wirth</a>, Höfle had chief authority of Operation Reinhard beside Globočnik. At the beginning of the operation, he held the rank of SS-<i><a href="/wiki/Hauptsturmf%C3%BChrer" title="Hauptsturmführer">Hauptsturmführer</a></i> (captain). SS members, including those from <a href="/wiki/Action_T4" class="mw-redirect" title="Action T4">Action T4</a> who were assigned to the operation, reported to the headquarters in Lublin and were instructed to their duties by Höfle. For an example of the limited paperwork, every member of Operation Reinhard signed the following declaration of secrecy: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I have been thoroughly informed and instructed by SS <i>Hauptsturmführer</i> Höfle, as Commander of the main department of <i>Einsatz Reinhard</i> of the SS and Police Leader in the District of Lublin:<br /> </p><p>1. that I may not under any circumstances pass on any form of information, verbally or in writing, on the progress, procedure or incidents in the evacuation of Jews to any person outside the circle of <i>Einsatz Reinhard</i> staff;<br /> 2. that the process of the evacuation of Jews is a subject that comes under "Secret Reich Document," in accordance with censorship regulation Vershl V. a;...<br /> 4. that there is an absolute prohibition on photography in the camps of <i>Einsatz Reinhard</i>;...<br /> </p><p> I am familiar with the above regulations and laws and am aware of the responsibilities imposed upon me by the task with which I have been entrusted. I promise to observe them to the best of my knowledge and conscience. I am aware that the obligation to maintain secrecy continues even after I have left the Service.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><i>From:</i> <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Arad" title="Yitzhak Arad">Yitzhak Arad</a>, <i>Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArad198718,_19_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArad198718,_19-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Akta_personalne_SS-BDC.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Akta_personalne_SS-BDC.pdf/page1-170px-Akta_personalne_SS-BDC.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Akta_personalne_SS-BDC.pdf/page1-255px-Akta_personalne_SS-BDC.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Akta_personalne_SS-BDC.pdf/page1-340px-Akta_personalne_SS-BDC.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="929" data-file-height="1329" /></a><figcaption>Photocopy of personal documents of Hermann Höfle, from his personal file, <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Document_Center" title="Berlin Document Center">Berlin Document Center</a></figcaption></figure> <p>As head of the "Main Department" (<i>Hauptabteilung</i>), Höfle was in charge of the organization and manpower of Operation Reinhard. He coordinated the deportations of Jews from all areas of the <a href="/wiki/General_Government" title="General Government">General Government</a> and directed them to one of the extermination camps.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArad198718,_19_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArad198718,_19-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The deportation orders were coordinated and channeled through SS authorities from Höfle's office for the <a href="/wiki/Lublin_reservation" class="mw-redirect" title="Lublin reservation">Lublin reservation</a>, through the district <a href="/wiki/SS_and_Police_Leaders" class="mw-redirect" title="SS and Police Leaders">SS and Police Leaders</a>, down to the localities where the expulsions were to take place. </p><p>Around May 1942 in the General Government, a substitution policy developed for a short time in which <a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Polish</a> workers who were sent to the German Reich were gradually replaced with <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish</a> laborers. It became standard procedure to stop deportation trains from the Reich and Slovakia in Lublin in order to select able-bodied Jews for work in the General Government, the others being sent on to their deaths in Belzec. In this way, many Jews were temporarily spared death and instead relegated to forced labor. Höfle was one of the chief supporters and implementers of this policy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFriedländer2008347_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriedländer2008347-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrowning200074_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrowning200074-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Höfle personally oversaw the deportation of the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Ghetto" title="Warsaw Ghetto">Warsaw Ghetto</a>, the so-called <a href="/wiki/Grossaktion_Warsaw_(1942)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grossaktion Warsaw (1942)">Großaktion Warschau</a>. The operation was preceded on 20 and 21 July 1942 by a spree of randomly killing actions along the streets of the Ghetto and by the arrest and brutal imprisonment of many others taken as hostages among counselors, department managers and those connected in a way or another to the <a href="/wiki/Judenrat" title="Judenrat">Judenrat</a>. All this was to intimidate and soften the Judenrat to the new upcoming measures. The day after, in the morning of 22 July, <i><a href="/wiki/Sturmbannf%C3%BChrer" title="Sturmbannführer">Sturmbannführer</a></i> Höfle, accompanied by an entourage of SS and government officials, arrived at the Judenrat in the Warsaw Ghetto and announced to the chairman, <a href="/wiki/Adam_Czerniak%C3%B3w" title="Adam Czerniaków">Adam Czerniaków</a>, that the Jews, regardless of sex or age and with but a few exceptions, were to be evacuated to the East. The exceptions were workers in German factories who had valid work permits, Judenrat employees, the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Ghetto_Police" title="Jewish Ghetto Police">Jewish Ghetto Police</a>, hospital patients and employees, and the families of the exempt. The deportees were allowed to carry with them 15 <a href="/wiki/Kg" class="mw-redirect" title="Kg">kg</a> of baggage, food for three days, money, gold, and other valuables. The order also called for 6,000 Jews to report to the <a href="/wiki/Umschlagplatz" title="Umschlagplatz">Umschlagplatz</a> every day by 4 p.m. to board the trains for deportation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReich-Ranicki2001235–238_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReich-Ranicki2001235–238-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Adam Czerniaków wrote in his diary on 22 July 1942, the day before he died by suicide: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><i>Sturmbannführer</i> Höfle (who is in charge of the evacuation) asked me into his office and informed me that for the time being my wife was free, but if the deportation were impeded in any way, she would be the first one to be shot as a hostage.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><i>From:</i> Yitzhak Arad, <i>Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArad198761_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArad198761-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Höfle also played a key role in the <a href="/wiki/Aktion_Erntefest" class="mw-redirect" title="Aktion Erntefest">Harvest Festival</a> massacre of Jewish inmates of the various labour camps in the Lublin district in early November 1943. Approximately 43,000 Jews were murdered during this operation which was the single largest German massacre of Jews in the entire war. Höfle rejoined Globočnik in <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a>, after various missions in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Höfle_Telegram"><span id="H.C3.B6fle_Telegram"></span>Höfle Telegram</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermann_H%C3%B6fle&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Höfle Telegram"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hoefletelegram.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Hoefletelegram.jpg/350px-Hoefletelegram.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Hoefletelegram.jpg/525px-Hoefletelegram.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Hoefletelegram.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="252" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6fle_Telegram" class="mw-redirect" title="Höfle Telegram">Telegram</a> from Hermann Höfle listing the number of deaths in the extermination camps during a 14-day period in 1942 and for the whole year 1942 (1,274,166). (L) stands for Lublin/<a href="/wiki/Majdanek_concentration_camp" title="Majdanek concentration camp">Majdanek</a>, (B) for Bełżec, (S) for Sobibor and (T) for Treblinka extermination camp.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6fle_Telegram" class="mw-redirect" title="Höfle Telegram">Höfle Telegram</a></div> <p>On 11 January 1943, Höfle sent a <a href="/wiki/Radiogram_(message)" title="Radiogram (message)">radiogram</a> from Lublin to SS-<i>Obersturmbannführer</i> <a href="/wiki/Franz_Heim" title="Franz Heim">Franz Heim</a> in Kraków, who was at the time the deputy commander of the <a href="/wiki/Sicherheitspolizei" title="Sicherheitspolizei">Security Police</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sicherheitsdienst" title="Sicherheitsdienst">SD</a> in the General Government, and to SS-<i>Obersturmbannführer</i> <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Eichmann" title="Adolf Eichmann">Adolf Eichmann</a> in Berlin. The message documented the total deportations of Jews to the four Operation Reinhard camps through 31 of December 1942. Today this document is called the <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6fle_Telegram" class="mw-redirect" title="Höfle Telegram">Höfle Telegram</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="After_the_war;_arrest_and_suicide"><span id="After_the_war.3B_arrest_and_suicide"></span>After the war; arrest and suicide</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermann_H%C3%B6fle&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: After the war; arrest and suicide"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 31 May 1945 Höfle was found hiding in Möslacher Alm near the <a href="/wiki/Weissensee_(Carinthia)" title="Weissensee (Carinthia)">Weissensee Lake</a> in <a href="/wiki/Carinthia_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Carinthia (state)">Carinthia</a> (Southern Austria) by the British, along with SS-<i><a href="/wiki/Gruppenf%C3%BChrer" title="Gruppenführer">Gruppenführer</a></i> Odilo Globocnik and SS-<i>Sturmbannführers</i> <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Lerch" title="Ernst Lerch">Ernst Lerch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Georg_Michalsen" title="Georg Michalsen">Georg Michalsen</a>. After two years in the British interrogation center <a href="/wiki/Wolfsberg,_Carinthia" title="Wolfsberg, Carinthia">Wolfsberg</a> (Carinthia), he was released to the Austrian judicial system. On 30 October 1947, under oath, he was released to continue his earlier occupation as an auto mechanic in his birthplace, Salzburg. </p><p>After an extradition request on 9 July 1948 by the Polish government, he fled to Italy, where he lived under a false name until 1951. Later he returned to Austria and then emigrated to <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a>. There he was employed briefly as an informant for <a href="/wiki/Counterintelligence_Corps_(United_States_Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="Counterintelligence Corps (United States Army)">U.S. Army Counterintelligence</a>. </p><p>Höfle returned to Salzburg, where he lived as a free man until 2 January 1961, when he was arrested by the Austrian authorities and sent to prison in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, where in 1962 he <a href="/wiki/Hanging" title="Hanging">hanged</a> himself before his trial could begin.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReich-Ranicki2001242_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReich-Ranicki2001242-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermann_H%C3%B6fle&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_died_by_hanging#suicide_by_hanging" title="List of people who died by hanging">List of people who died by suicide by hanging</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermann_H%C3%B6fle&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlee2003-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlee2003_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlee2003_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKlee2003">Klee 2003</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArad198718,_19-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArad198718,_19_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArad198718,_19_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArad1987">Arad 1987</a>, pp. 18, 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriedländer2008347-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFriedländer2008347_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFriedländer2008">Friedländer 2008</a>, p. 347.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrowning200074-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrowning200074_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrowning2000">Browning 2000</a>, p. 74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReich-Ranicki2001235–238-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReich-Ranicki2001235–238_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReich-Ranicki2001">Reich-Ranicki 2001</a>, pp. 235–238.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArad198761-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArad198761_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArad1987">Arad 1987</a>, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReich-Ranicki2001242-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReich-Ranicki2001242_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReich-Ranicki2001">Reich-Ranicki 2001</a>, p. 242.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature">Literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermann_H%C3%B6fle&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFArad1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Arad" title="Yitzhak Arad">Arad, Yitzhak</a> (1987). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/belzecsobibortre00arad"><i>Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka: The Operation Reinhard Death Camps</i></a></span>. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0253113696" title="Special:BookSources/978-0253113696"><bdi>978-0253113696</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Belzec%2C+Sobibor%2C+Treblinka%3A+The+Operation+Reinhard+Death+Camps&rft.place=Bloomington&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0253113696&rft.aulast=Arad&rft.aufirst=Yitzhak&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbelzecsobibortre00arad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHermann+H%C3%B6fle" class="Z3988"></span> 1999 edition in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/belzecsobibortre00yitz">Google book</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrowning2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Browning" class="mw-redirect" title="Christopher Browning">Browning, Christopher R.</a> (2000). "Chapter 3 - Jewish Workers in Poland: Self-Maintenance, Exploitation, Destruction". <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nazipolicyjewish0000brow"><i>Nazi Policy, Jewish Workers, German Killers</i></a></span>. Cambridge University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nazipolicyjewish0000brow/page/74">74</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521774901" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521774901"><bdi>978-0521774901</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+3+-+Jewish+Workers+in+Poland%3A+Self-Maintenance%2C+Exploitation%2C+Destruction&rft.btitle=Nazi+Policy%2C+Jewish+Workers%2C+German+Killers&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0521774901&rft.aulast=Browning&rft.aufirst=Christopher+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnazipolicyjewish0000brow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHermann+H%C3%B6fle" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedländer2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Saul_Friedl%C3%A4nder" title="Saul Friedländer">Friedländer, Saul</a> (2008). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Years_of_Extermination" title="The Years of Extermination">The Years of Extermination: Nazi Germany and the Jews, 1939-1945</a></i> (Reprinted ed.). New York City: Harper Perennial. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0060930486" title="Special:BookSources/978-0060930486"><bdi>978-0060930486</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Years+of+Extermination%3A+Nazi+Germany+and+the+Jews%2C+1939-1945&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.edition=Reprinted&rft.pub=Harper+Perennial&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0060930486&rft.aulast=Friedl%C3%A4nder&rft.aufirst=Saul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHermann+H%C3%B6fle" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlee2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Klee" title="Ernst Klee">Klee, Ernst</a> (2003). <i>Das Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich. Wer war was vor und nach 1945</i> [<i>People Dictionary of the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945</i>] (in German) (Second updated ed.). <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a>: S. Fischer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3100393098" title="Special:BookSources/978-3100393098"><bdi>978-3100393098</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Das+Personenlexikon+zum+Dritten+Reich.+Wer+war+was+vor+und+nach+1945&rft.place=Frankfurt&rft.edition=Second+updated&rft.pub=S.+Fischer&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-3100393098&rft.aulast=Klee&rft.aufirst=Ernst&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHermann+H%C3%B6fle" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReich-Ranicki2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Reich-Ranicki" title="Marcel Reich-Ranicki">Reich-Ranicki, Marcel</a> (January 2001). <i>Mein Leben</i> (in German) (2nd ed.). München (Germany): Deutscher Taschenbuch-Verlag. pp. 235–42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-423-12830-5" title="Special:BookSources/3-423-12830-5"><bdi>3-423-12830-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mein+Leben&rft.place=M%C3%BCnchen+%28Germany%29&rft.pages=235-42&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Deutscher+Taschenbuch-Verlag&rft.date=2001-01&rft.isbn=3-423-12830-5&rft.aulast=Reich-Ranicki&rft.aufirst=Marcel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHermann+H%C3%B6fle" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Peter Witte, Stephen Tyas: <i>A New Document on the Deportation and Murder of Jews during "Einsatz Reinhardt" 1942.</i> In: Holocaust and Genocide Studies 15 (2001), S. 468-486</li> <li>Josef Wulf: <i>Das Dritte Reich und seine Vollstrecker.</i> K. G. Saur Verlag KG, München 1978, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-598-04603-0" title="Special:BookSources/3-598-04603-0">3-598-04603-0</a>, S. 275-287</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:Holocaust_in_German-occupied_Poland" title="Template talk:Holocaust in German-occupied Poland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Holocaust_in_German-occupied_Poland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Holocaust in German-occupied Poland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Holocaust_in_German-occupied_Poland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Poland" title="The Holocaust in Poland">Holocaust in German-occupied Poland</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>Main article</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></dd> <dt>Related articles by country</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Belarus" title="The Holocaust in Belarus">Belarus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Belgium" title="The Holocaust in Belgium">Belgium</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="The Holocaust in the Independent State of Croatia">Croatia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rescue_of_the_Danish_Jews" title="Rescue of the Danish Jews">Denmark</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Estonia" title="The Holocaust in Estonia">Estonia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_France" title="The Holocaust in France">France</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Germany" title="The Holocaust in Germany">Germany</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Latvia" title="The Holocaust in Latvia">Latvia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Lithuania" title="The Holocaust in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Norway" title="The Holocaust in Norway">Norway</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Romania" title="The Holocaust in Romania">Romania</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Russia" title="The Holocaust in Russia">Russia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Slovakia" title="The Holocaust in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Ukraine" title="The Holocaust in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Holocaust_Poland_Camps" title="Template:Holocaust Poland Camps"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Holocaust_Poland_Camps" title="Template talk:Holocaust Poland Camps"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Holocaust_Poland_Camps" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Holocaust Poland Camps"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Camps,_ghettos,_execution_sites_and_attacks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Camps, ghettos, execution sites and attacks</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Nazi concentration camps">Camps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Extermination_camp" title="Extermination camp">Extermination</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auschwitz_concentration_camp#Auschwitz_II-Birkenau" title="Auschwitz concentration camp">Auschwitz II-Birkenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Che%C5%82mno_extermination_camp" title="Chełmno extermination camp">Chełmno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majdanek_concentration_camp" title="Majdanek concentration camp">Majdanek</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Reinhard" title="Operation Reinhard">Operation Reinhard</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belzec_extermination_camp" title="Belzec extermination camp">Belzec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobibor_extermination_camp" title="Sobibor extermination camp">Sobibor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treblinka_extermination_camp" title="Treblinka extermination camp">Treblinka</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Nazi concentration camps">Concentration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auschwitz_concentration_camp#Auschwitz_I" title="Auschwitz concentration camp">Auschwitz I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gross-Rosen_concentration_camp" title="Gross-Rosen concentration camp">Gross-Rosen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w-P%C5%82asz%C3%B3w_concentration_camp" title="Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp">Kraków-Płaszów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potulice_concentration_camp" title="Potulice concentration camp">Potulice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldau_concentration_camp" title="Soldau concentration camp">Soldau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stutthof_concentration_camp" title="Stutthof concentration camp">Stutthof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szebnie_concentration_camp" title="Szebnie concentration camp">Szebnie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trawniki_concentration_camp" title="Trawniki concentration camp">Trawniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_concentration_camp" title="Warsaw concentration camp">Warsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Danzig-Matzkau_concentration_camp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Danzig-Matzkau concentration camp (page does not exist)">Danzig-Matzkau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mass shootings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1941_Bia%C5%82ystok_massacres" title="1941 Białystok massacres">Białystok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw%C3%B3w_Ghetto#Bloody_Sunday_massacre" title="Stanisławów Ghetto">Bloody Sunday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronna_G%C3%B3ra" title="Bronna Góra">Bronna Góra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_of_Death_(Bydgoszcz)" title="Valley of Death (Bydgoszcz)">Bydgoszcz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_in_Dyn%C3%B3w" title="Massacre in Dynów">Dynów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aktion_Erntefest" class="mw-redirect" title="Aktion Erntefest">Erntefest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kielce_cemetery_massacre" title="Kielce cemetery massacre">Kielce cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Reinhard_in_Krak%C3%B3w" title="Operation Reinhard in Kraków">Aktion Krakau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmiry_massacre" title="Palmiry massacre">Palmiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonderaktion_Krakau" title="Sonderaktion Krakau">Sonderaktion Krakau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pogroms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kielce_pogrom" title="Kielce pogrom">Kielce</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jedwabne_pogrom" title="Jedwabne pogrom">Jedwabne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lviv_pogroms" class="mw-redirect" title="Lviv pogroms">Lviv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szczuczyn_pogrom" title="Szczuczyn pogrom">Szczuczyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tykocin_pogrom" class="mw-redirect" title="Tykocin pogrom">Tykocin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C4%85sosz_pogrom" title="Wąsosz pogrom">Wąsosz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_ghettos_in_German-occupied_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish ghettos in German-occupied Poland">Ghettos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C4%99dzin_Ghetto" title="Będzin Ghetto">Będzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_Ghetto" title="Białystok Ghetto">Białystok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brze%C5%9B%C4%87_Ghetto" title="Brześć Ghetto">Brest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cz%C4%99stochowa_Ghetto" title="Częstochowa Ghetto">Częstochowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grodno_Ghetto" title="Grodno Ghetto">Grodno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kielce_Ghetto" title="Kielce Ghetto">Kielce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w_Ghetto" title="Kraków Ghetto">Kraków</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_Ghetto" title="Lwów Ghetto">Lwów</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lviv_pogroms_(1941)" title="Lviv pogroms (1941)">Lviv pogroms (1941)</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA_Ghetto" title="Łódź Ghetto">Łódź</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubart%C3%B3w_Ghetto" title="Lubartów Ghetto">Lubartów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lublin_Ghetto" title="Lublin Ghetto">Lublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%C4%99dzyrzec_Podlaski_Ghetto" title="Międzyrzec Podlaski Ghetto">Międzyrzec Podlaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizocz_Ghetto" class="mw-redirect" title="Mizocz Ghetto">Mizocz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowy_S%C4%85cz_Ghetto" title="Nowy Sącz Ghetto">Nowy Sącz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi%C5%84sk_Ghetto" title="Pińsk Ghetto">Pińsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radom_Ghetto" title="Radom Ghetto">Radom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siedlce_Ghetto" title="Siedlce Ghetto">Siedlce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambor_Ghetto" title="Sambor Ghetto">Sambor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%82onim_Ghetto" title="Słonim Ghetto">Słonim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosnowiec_Ghetto" title="Sosnowiec Ghetto">Sosnowiec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw%C3%B3w_Ghetto" title="Stanisławów Ghetto">Stanisławów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarnopol_Ghetto" title="Tarnopol Ghetto">Tarnopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilna_Ghetto" title="Vilna Ghetto">Wilno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Ghetto" title="Warsaw Ghetto">Warsaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other atrocities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aktion_T4" title="Aktion T4">Action T4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grossaktion_Warsaw_(1942)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grossaktion Warsaw (1942)">Grossaktion Warsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_human_experimentation" title="Nazi human experimentation">Human medical experiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS-Truppen%C3%BCbungsplatz_Heidelager" title="SS-Truppenübungsplatz Heidelager">Heidelager</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Perpetrators_of_the_Holocaust_in_Poland" title="Template:Perpetrators of the Holocaust in Poland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Perpetrators_of_the_Holocaust_in_Poland" title="Template talk:Perpetrators of the Holocaust in Poland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Perpetrators_of_the_Holocaust_in_Poland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Perpetrators of the Holocaust in Poland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Perpetrators,_participants,_organizations,_and_collaborators" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Perpetrators, participants, organizations, and collaborators</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perpetrators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Brack" title="Viktor Brack">Viktor Brack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_B%C3%BChler" title="Josef Bühler">Josef Bühler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Eichmann" title="Adolf Eichmann">Adolf Eichmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Eicke" title="Theodor Eicke">Theodor Eicke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Fischer" title="Ludwig Fischer">Ludwig Fischer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Frank" title="Hans Frank">Hans Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odilo_Globocnik" title="Odilo Globocnik">Odilo Globocnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Gl%C3%BCcks" title="Richard Glücks">Richard Glücks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Greiser" title="Arthur Greiser">Arthur Greiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hermann Höfle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Katzmann" title="Fritz Katzmann">Fritz Katzmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Koppe" title="Wilhelm Koppe">Wilhelm Koppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich-Wilhelm_Kr%C3%BCger" title="Friedrich-Wilhelm Krüger">Friedrich-Wilhelm Krüger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Kutschera" title="Franz Kutschera">Franz Kutschera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Lambert" title="Erwin Lambert">Erwin Lambert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Lerch" title="Ernst Lerch">Ernst Lerch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Michalsen" title="Georg Michalsen">Georg Michalsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Pohl" title="Oswald Pohl">Oswald Pohl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinz_Reinefarth" title="Heinz Reinefarth">Heinz Reinefarth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Scherner" title="Julian Scherner">Julian Scherner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Seyss-Inquart" title="Arthur Seyss-Inquart">Arthur Seyss-Inquart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_Sporrenberg" title="Jakob Sporrenberg">Jakob Sporrenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Streckenbach" title="Bruno Streckenbach">Bruno Streckenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Thomalla" title="Richard Thomalla">Richard Thomalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_W%C3%A4chter" title="Otto Wächter">Otto Wächter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieter_Wisliceny" title="Dieter Wisliceny">Dieter Wisliceny</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Camp command</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Aumeier" title="Hans Aumeier">Hans Aumeier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Baer" title="Richard Baer">Richard Baer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Boger" title="Wilhelm Boger">Wilhelm Boger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermine_Braunsteiner" title="Hermine Braunsteiner">Hermine Braunsteiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irmfried_Eberl" title="Irmfried Eberl">Irmfried Eberl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_van_Eupen" title="Theodor van Eupen">Theodor van Eupen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Franz" title="Kurt Franz">Kurt Franz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Frenzel" title="Karl Frenzel">Karl Frenzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Fritzsch" title="Karl Fritzsch">Karl Fritzsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amon_G%C3%B6th" title="Amon Göth">Amon Göth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Grabner" title="Maximilian Grabner">Maximilian Grabner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Hantke" title="Otto Hantke">Otto Hantke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Hartjenstein" title="Fritz Hartjenstein">Fritz Hartjenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottlieb_Hering" title="Gottlieb Hering">Gottlieb Hering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_H%C3%B6ss" title="Rudolf Höss">Rudolf Höss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_H%C3%B6ssler" title="Franz Hössler">Franz Hössler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl-Otto_Koch" title="Karl-Otto Koch">Karl-Otto Koch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Kramer" title="Josef Kramer">Josef Kramer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Liebehenschel" title="Arthur Liebehenschel">Arthur Liebehenschel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Mandl" title="Maria Mandl">Maria Mandl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Matthes" title="Heinrich Matthes">Heinrich Matthes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Michel" title="Hermann Michel">Hermann Michel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_M%C3%B6ckel" title="Karl Möckel">Karl Möckel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Mulka" title="Robert Mulka">Robert Mulka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Niemann" title="Johann Niemann">Johann Niemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Oberhauser" title="Josef Oberhauser">Josef Oberhauser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Reichleitner" title="Franz Reichleitner">Franz Reichleitner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Schwarz" title="Heinrich Schwarz">Heinrich Schwarz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Schwarzhuber" title="Johann Schwarzhuber">Johann Schwarzhuber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Stangl" title="Franz Stangl">Franz Stangl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Wagner" title="Gustav Wagner">Gustav Wagner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Wirth" title="Christian Wirth">Christian Wirth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gas chamber<br />executioners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Bauer" title="Erich Bauer">Erich Bauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Bolender" title="Kurt Bolender">Kurt Bolender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenz_Hackenholt" title="Lorenz Hackenholt">Lorenz Hackenholt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Klehr" title="Josef Klehr">Josef Klehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Koch_(SS_man)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans Koch (SS man)">Hans Koch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Lange" title="Herbert Lange">Herbert Lange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Moll" title="Otto Moll">Otto Moll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Plagge" title="Ludwig Plagge">Ludwig Plagge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Theuer" title="Adolf Theuer">Adolf Theuer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_human_experimentation" title="Nazi human experimentation">Physicians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franz_von_Bodmann" title="Franz von Bodmann">Franz von Bodmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Clauberg" title="Carl Clauberg">Carl Clauberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Gebhardt" title="Karl Gebhardt">Karl Gebhardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horst_Fischer" title="Horst Fischer">Horst Fischer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Klein" title="Fritz Klein">Fritz Klein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Mengele" title="Josef Mengele">Josef Mengele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horst_Schumann" title="Horst Schumann">Horst Schumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Trzebinski" title="Alfred Trzebinski">Alfred Trzebinski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Wirths" title="Eduard Wirths">Eduard Wirths</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ghetto command</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heinz_Auerswald" title="Heinz Auerswald">Heinz Auerswald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Biebow" title="Hans Biebow">Hans Biebow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Bl%C3%B6sche" title="Josef Blösche">Josef Blösche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_B%C3%BCrkl" class="mw-redirect" title="Franz Bürkl">Franz Bürkl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Klaustermeyer" title="Heinrich Klaustermeyer">Heinrich Klaustermeyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Konrad_(SS_officer)" title="Franz Konrad (SS officer)">Franz Konrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Palfinger" title="Alexander Palfinger">Alexander Palfinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_von_Sammern-Frankenegg" title="Ferdinand von Sammern-Frankenegg">Ferdinand von Sammern-Frankenegg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Stroop" title="Jürgen Stroop">Jürgen Stroop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Einsatzgruppen" title="Einsatzgruppen">Einsatzgruppen</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Birkner" title="Wolfgang Birkner">Wolfgang Birkner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Bischoff" title="Helmut Bischoff">Helmut Bischoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothar_Beutel" title="Lothar Beutel">Lothar Beutel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Blobel" title="Paul Blobel">Paul Blobel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Brunner_(SS_general)" title="Karl Brunner (SS general)">Karl Brunner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Damzog" title="Ernst Damzog">Ernst Damzog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Flesch" title="Gerhard Flesch">Gerhard Flesch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Hahn" title="Ludwig Hahn">Ludwig Hahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Landau" title="Felix Landau">Felix Landau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Albert_Meisinger" title="Josef Albert Meisinger">Josef Meisinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_M%C3%BCller" title="Bruno Müller">Bruno Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Naumann" title="Erich Naumann">Erich Naumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Sch%C3%A4fer" title="Emanuel Schäfer">Emanuel Schäfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Schaper" title="Hermann Schaper">Hermann Schaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Eberhard_Sch%C3%B6ngarth" title="Karl Eberhard Schöngarth">Karl Eberhard Schöngarth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udo_von_Woyrsch" title="Udo von Woyrsch">Udo von Woyrsch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personnel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Camp guards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Anhalt" title="Hans Anhalt">Hans Anhalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenny-Wanda_Barkmann" title="Jenny-Wanda Barkmann">Jenny-Wanda Barkmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herta_Bothe" title="Herta Bothe">Herta Bothe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juana_Bormann" title="Juana Bormann">Juana Bormann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_B%C3%BClow" title="Alexander Bülow">Alexander Bülow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luise_Danz" title="Luise Danz">Luise Danz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Demjanjuk" title="John Demjanjuk">John Demjanjuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margot_Dreschel" title="Margot Dreschel">Margot Dreschel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feodor_Fedorenko" title="Feodor Fedorenko">Feodor Fedorenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Hoffmann" title="Hans Hoffmann">Hans Hoffmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Gerstein" title="Kurt Gerstein">Kurt Gerstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_G%C3%B6tze" title="Paul Götze">Paul Götze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irma_Grese" title="Irma Grese">Irma Grese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl-Friedrich_H%C3%B6cker" title="Karl-Friedrich Höcker">Karl-Friedrich Höcker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Jeschke" title="Karl Jeschke">Karl Jeschke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Kaduk" title="Oswald Kaduk">Oswald Kaduk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Kollmer" title="Josef Kollmer">Josef Kollmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildegard_L%C3%A4chert" title="Hildegard Lächert">Hildegard Lächert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johanna_Langefeld" title="Johanna Langefeld">Johanna Langefeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Lechner" title="Anton Lechner">Anton Lechner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Lorenz" title="Eduard Lorenz">Eduard Lorenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Muhsfeldt" title="Erich Muhsfeldt">Erich Muhsfeldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detlef_Nebbe" title="Detlef Nebbe">Detlef Nebbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Orlowski" title="Alice Orlowski">Alice Orlowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Volkenrath" title="Elisabeth Volkenrath">Elisabeth Volkenrath</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By camp</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Sobib%C3%B3r_extermination_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Sobibór extermination camp">Sobibor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Treblinka_extermination_camp" title="Template:Treblinka extermination camp">Treblinka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Einsatzgruppen" title="Einsatzgruppen">Einsatzgruppen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">SS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_Police_battalions" title="Order Police battalions">Order Police battalions</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ordnungspolizei" title="Ordnungspolizei">Ordnungspolizei</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Main_Economic_and_Administrative_Office" title="SS Main Economic and Administrative Office">WVHA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reich_Commissioner_for_the_Consolidation_of_German_Nationhood" title="Reich Commissioner for the Consolidation of German Nationhood">RKFDV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volksdeutsche_Mittelstelle" title="Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle">VoMi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Government" title="General Government">General Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Polski" title="Hotel Polski">Hotel Polski</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_in_German-occupied_Poland" title="Collaboration in German-occupied Poland">Collaboration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schutzmannschaft" title="Schutzmannschaft">Schutzmannschaft</a> (<a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Auxiliary_Police" title="Belarusian Auxiliary Police">Belarusian Auxiliary Police</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Auxiliary_Police" title="Estonian Auxiliary Police">Estonian Auxiliary Police</a> / <a href="/wiki/36th_Estonian_Police_Battalion" title="36th Estonian Police Battalion">36th Estonian Police Battalion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latvian_Auxiliary_Police" title="Latvian Auxiliary Police">Latvian Auxiliary Police</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arajs_Kommando" title="Arajs Kommando">Arajs Kommando</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Auxiliary_Police_Battalions" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian Auxiliary Police Battalions">Lithuanian Auxiliary Police Battalions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ypatingasis_b%C5%ABrys" title="Ypatingasis būrys">Ypatingasis būrys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Auxiliary_Police" title="Ukrainian Auxiliary Police">Ukrainian Auxiliary Police</a> / <a href="/wiki/Schutzmannschaft_Battalion_118" title="Schutzmannschaft Battalion 118">Schutzmannschaft Battalion 118</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trawniki_men" title="Trawniki men">Trawniki men</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Holocaust_Poland_Resistance" title="Template:Holocaust Poland Resistance"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Holocaust_Poland_Resistance" title="Template talk:Holocaust Poland Resistance"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Holocaust_Poland_Resistance" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Holocaust Poland Resistance"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Resistance,_victims,_documentation_and_technical" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Resistance, victims, documentation and technical</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Home_Army" title="Home Army">AK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Fascist_Military_Organisation" title="Anti-Fascist Military Organisation">AOB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Jewish_Labour_Bund_in_Poland" title="General Jewish Labour Bund in Poland">Bund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwardia_Ludowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Gwardia Ludowa">GL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Corps" title="National Security Corps">PKB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BBegota" title="Żegota">Żegota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Combat_Organization" title="Jewish Combat Organization">ŻOB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Military_Union" title="Jewish Military Union">ŻZW</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Uprisings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghetto_uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghetto uprising">Ghetto uprisings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_Ghetto_uprising" title="Białystok Ghetto uprising">Białystok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cz%C4%99stochowa_Ghetto_uprising" title="Częstochowa Ghetto uprising">Częstochowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobibor_extermination_camp#The_uprising" title="Sobibor extermination camp">Sobibor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treblinka_extermination_camp" title="Treblinka extermination camp">Treblinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Ghetto_Uprising" title="Warsaw Ghetto Uprising">Warsaw Ghetto Uprising</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mordechai_Anielewicz" title="Mordechai Anielewicz">Mordechai Anielewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Zuckerman" title="Yitzhak Zuckerman">Icchak Cukierman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordechai_Tenenbaum" title="Mordechai Tenenbaum">Mordechai Tenenbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marek_Edelman" title="Marek Edelman">Marek Edelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Feldhendler" class="mw-redirect" title="Leon Feldhendler">Leon Feldhendler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawe%C5%82_Frenkiel" title="Paweł Frenkiel">Paweł Frenkiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henryk_Iwa%C5%84ski" title="Henryk Iwański">Henryk Iwański</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itzhak_Katzenelson" title="Itzhak Katzenelson">Itzhak Katzenelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micha%C5%82_Klepfisz" title="Michał Klepfisz">Michał Klepfisz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Lerman" title="Miles Lerman">Miles Lerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pechersky" title="Alexander Pechersky">Alexander Pechersky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witold_Pilecki" title="Witold Pilecki">Witold Pilecki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frumka_P%C5%82otnicka" title="Frumka Płotnicka">Frumka Płotnicka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roza_Robota" title="Roza Robota">Roza Robota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szmul_Zygielbojm" title="Szmul Zygielbojm">Szmul Zygielbojm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Victim lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ghettos</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_who_died_in_the_Krak%C3%B3w_Ghetto" title="Category:People who died in the Kraków Ghetto">Kraków</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_who_died_in_the_%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA_Ghetto" title="Category:People who died in the Łódź Ghetto">Łódź</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_who_died_in_the_Lw%C3%B3w_Ghetto" title="Category:People who died in the Lwów Ghetto">Lviv (Lwów)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_who_died_in_the_Warsaw_Ghetto" title="Category:People who died in the Warsaw Ghetto">Warsaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Camps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_who_died_in_Auschwitz_concentration_camp" title="Category:People who died in Auschwitz concentration camp">Auschwitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_who_died_in_Belzec_extermination_camp" title="Category:People who died in Belzec extermination camp">Bełżec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_who_died_in_Gross-Rosen_concentration_camp" title="Category:People who died in Gross-Rosen concentration camp">Gross-Rosen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_who_died_in_Izbica_Ghetto" title="Category:People who died in Izbica Ghetto">Izbica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_who_died_in_Majdanek_concentration_camp" title="Category:People who died in Majdanek concentration camp">Majdanek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_who_died_in_Sobibor_extermination_camp" title="Category:People who died in Sobibor extermination camp">Sobibór</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_who_died_in_Soldau_concentration_camp" title="Category:People who died in Soldau concentration camp">Soldau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_who_died_in_Stutthof_concentration_camp" title="Category:People who died in Stutthof concentration camp">Stutthof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_who_died_in_Trawniki_concentration_camp" title="Category:People who died in Trawniki concentration camp">Trawniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_who_died_in_Treblinka_extermination_camp" title="Category:People who died in Treblinka extermination camp">Treblinka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Evidence_and_documentation_for_the_Holocaust" title="Evidence and documentation for the Holocaust">Documentation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nazi sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auschwitz_Album" title="Auschwitz Album">Auschwitz Album</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Frank_memorandum" title="August Frank memorandum">Frank memorandum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6cker_Album" title="Höcker Album">Höcker Album</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6fle_telegram" title="Höfle telegram">Höfle telegram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katzmann_Report" title="Katzmann Report">Katzmann Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korherr_Report" title="Korherr Report">Korherr Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posen_speeches" title="Posen speeches">Posen speeches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobibor_perpetrator_album" title="Sobibor perpetrator album">Sobibor perpetrator album</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Prosecution_Book_%E2%80%93_Poland" title="Special Prosecution Book – Poland">Special Prosecution Book – Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stroop_Report" title="Stroop Report">Stroop Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wannsee_Conference" title="Wannsee Conference">Wannsee Conference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Witness accounts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Friedrich_Graebe" title="Hermann Friedrich Graebe">Graebe affidavit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerstein_Report" title="Gerstein Report">Gerstein Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrba%E2%80%93Wetzler_report" title="Vrba–Wetzler report">Vrba–Wetzler report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witold%27s_Report" title="Witold's Report">Witold's Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonderkommando_photographs" title="Sonderkommando photographs"><i>Sonderkommando</i> photographs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concealment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sonderaktion_1005" title="Sonderaktion 1005">Sonderaktion 1005</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technical and logistics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camp_badge" title="Nazi concentration camp badge">Identification in camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_chamber#Nazi_Germany" title="Gas chamber">Gas chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_gas_van" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi gas van">Gas van</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_train" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust train">Holocaust train</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_human_experimentation" title="Nazi human experimentation">Human medical experimentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zyklon_B" title="Zyklon B">Zyklon B</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Holocaust_Poland_Aftermath" title="Template:Holocaust Poland Aftermath"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Holocaust_Poland_Aftermath" title="Template talk:Holocaust Poland Aftermath"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Holocaust_Poland_Aftermath" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Holocaust Poland Aftermath"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Aftermath,_trials_and_commemoration" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Aftermath, trials and commemoration</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_Holocaust" title="Aftermath of the Holocaust">Aftermath</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_survivors" title="Holocaust survivors">Holocaust survivors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_population_transfers_(1944%E2%80%931946)" title="Polish population transfers (1944–1946)">Population transfers (1944–1946)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bricha" title="Bricha">Bricha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kielce_pogrom" title="Kielce pogrom">Kielce pogrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Jewish_violence_in_Poland,_1944%E2%80%931946" title="Anti-Jewish violence in Poland, 1944–1946">Anti-Jewish violence, 1944–1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Security_(Poland)" title="Ministry of Public Security (Poland)">Ministry of Public Security</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Holocaust_trials" title="Category:Holocaust trials">Trials</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West German trials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Auschwitz_trials" title="Frankfurt Auschwitz trials">Frankfurt Auschwitz trials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treblinka_trials" title="Treblinka trials">Treblinka trials</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Polish, East German, and Soviet trials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auschwitz_trial" title="Auschwitz trial">Auschwitz trial (Poland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stutthof_trials" title="Stutthof trials">Stutthof trials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraordinary_State_Commission" title="Extraordinary State Commission">Extraordinary (Soviet) State Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Holocaust_memorials_and_museums" title="List of Holocaust memorials and museums">Memorials</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monument_to_the_Ghetto_Heroes" title="Monument to the Ghetto Heroes">Monument to the Ghetto Heroes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auschwitz-Birkenau_State_Museum" title="Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum">Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majdanek_State_Museum" title="Majdanek State Museum">Majdanek State Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobib%C3%B3r_Museum" title="Sobibór Museum">Sobibór Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Youth_Meeting_Center_in_O%C5%9Bwi%C4%99cim/Auschwitz" title="International Youth Meeting Center in Oświęcim/Auschwitz">International Youth Meeting Center in Oświęcim/Auschwitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_of_the_Living" title="March of the Living">March of the Living</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Righteous_Among_the_Nations" title="Righteous Among the Nations">Righteous Among the Nations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Righteous_Among_the_Nations" title="Polish Righteous Among the Nations">Polish Righteous Among the Nations</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Polish_Righteous" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Polish Righteous">List</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rescue_of_Jews_by_Poles_during_the_Holocaust" title="Rescue of Jews by Poles during the Holocaust">Rescue of Jews by Poles during the Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_of_the_Righteous_Among_the_Nations" title="Garden of the Righteous Among the Nations">Garden of the Righteous</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Treblinka_extermination_camp" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Treblinka_extermination_camp" title="Template:Treblinka extermination camp"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Treblinka_extermination_camp" title="Template talk:Treblinka extermination camp"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Treblinka_extermination_camp" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Treblinka extermination camp"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Treblinka_extermination_camp" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Treblinka_extermination_camp" title="Treblinka extermination camp">Treblinka extermination camp</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Treblinka" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Treblinka">Timeline</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_individuals_responsible_for_Treblinka_extermination_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="List of individuals responsible for Treblinka extermination camp">List of individuals responsible</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Camp organizers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odilo_Globocnik" title="Odilo Globocnik">Odilo Globocnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Julius_H%C3%B6fle" class="mw-redirect" title="Hermann Julius Höfle">Hermann Julius Höfle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Hermann_Lambert" class="mw-redirect" title="Erwin Hermann Lambert">Erwin Hermann Lambert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wolfgang_Thomalla" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Wolfgang Thomalla">Richard Wolfgang Thomalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Wirth" title="Christian Wirth">Christian Wirth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commandant</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irmfried_Eberl" title="Irmfried Eberl">Irmfried Eberl</a> <ul><li>11 July to 26 August 1942</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Paul_Stangl" class="mw-redirect" title="Franz Paul Stangl">Franz Paul Stangl</a> <ul><li>1 September 1942 to August 1943</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Hubert_Franz" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurt Hubert Franz">Kurt Hubert Franz</a> <ul><li>August to November 1943</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deputies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_van_Eupen" title="Theodor van Eupen">Theodor van Eupen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Arthur_Matthes" class="mw-redirect" title="Heinrich Arthur Matthes">Heinrich Arthur Matthes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_P%C3%B6tzinger" title="Karl Pötzinger">Karl Pötzinger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gas chamber<br />executioners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_M%C3%BCnzberger" title="Gustav Münzberger">Gustav Münzberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Schmidt_(SS_officer)" title="Fritz Schmidt (SS officer)">Fritz Schmidt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other officers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Bredow" title="Paul Bredow">Paul Bredow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Floss" title="Herbert Floss">Herbert Floss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Fritz_Erhard_Fuchs" class="mw-redirect" title="Erich Fritz Erhard Fuchs">Erich Fritz Erhard Fuchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenz_Hackenholt" title="Lorenz Hackenholt">Lorenz Hackenholt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Hingst" title="Hans Hingst">Hans Hingst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Hirtreiter" title="Josef Hirtreiter">Josef Hirtreiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_K%C3%BCttner" title="Kurt Küttner">Kurt Küttner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willi_Mentz" title="Willi Mentz">Willi Mentz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Wilhelm_Miete" class="mw-redirect" title="August Wilhelm Miete">August Wilhelm Miete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_M%C3%B6ller_(SS_officer)" title="Max Möller (SS officer)">Max Möller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Stadie" title="Otto Stadie">Otto Stadie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Stengelin" title="Ernst Stengelin">Ernst Stengelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Suchomel" title="Franz Suchomel">Franz Suchomel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Guards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Ivan_the_Terrible_(Treblinka_guard)" title="Ivan the Terrible (Treblinka guard)">Ivan the Terrible</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Demjanjuk" title="John Demjanjuk">John Demjanjuk</a> <sup>a</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feodor_Fedorenko" title="Feodor Fedorenko">Feodor Fedorenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Shalayev" title="Nikolay Shalayev">Nikolay Shalayev</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Trawnikis" class="mw-redirect" title="Trawnikis">Trawnikis</a>" <sup>a</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:People_who_died_in_Treblinka_extermination_camp" title="Category:People who died in Treblinka extermination camp">Prominent victims</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Arndt_(actor)" title="Ernst Arndt (actor)">Ernst Arndt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzchok_Breiter" title="Yitzchok Breiter">Yitzchok Breiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amalia_Carneri" title="Amalia Carneri">Amalia Carneri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Chor%C4%85%C5%BCycki" title="Julian Chorążycki">Julian Chorążycki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Finkelstein" title="Samuel Finkelstein">Samuel Finkelstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artur_Gold" title="Artur Gold">Artur Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwik_Holcman" title="Ludwik Holcman">Ludwik Holcman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefanie_Horovitz" title="Stefanie Horovitz">Stefanie Horovitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janusz_Korczak" title="Janusz Korczak">Janusz Korczak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berek_Lajcher" title="Berek Lajcher">Berek Lajcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henryka_%C5%81azowert%C3%B3wna" title="Henryka Łazowertówna">Henryka Łazowertówna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yechiel_Lerer" title="Yechiel Lerer">Yechiel Lerer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzchak_Lowy" title="Yitzchak Lowy">Yitzchak Lowy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Pullman" title="Simon Pullman">Simon Pullman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natan_Spigel" title="Natan Spigel">Natan Spigel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symche_Trachter" title="Symche Trachter">Symche Trachter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygmunt_Zalcwasser" title="Zygmunt Zalcwasser">Zygmunt Zalcwasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lidia_Zamenhof" title="Lidia Zamenhof">Lidia Zamenhof</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Resistance</li><li>Survivors</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Glazar" title="Richard Glazar">Richard Glazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Milgrom" class="mw-redirect" title="David Milgrom">David Milgrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chil_Rajchman" title="Chil Rajchman">Chil Rajchman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Rajzman" title="Samuel Rajzman">Samuel Rajzman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaim_Sztajer" title="Chaim Sztajer">Chaim Sztajer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalman_Taigman" title="Kalman Taigman">Kalman Taigman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jankiel_Wiernik" title="Jankiel Wiernik">Jankiel Wiernik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Willenberg" title="Samuel Willenberg">Samuel Willenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciszek_Z%C4%85becki" title="Franciszek Ząbecki">Franciszek Ząbecki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nazi organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Government" title="General Government">General Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS-Totenkopfverb%C3%A4nde" title="SS-Totenkopfverbände">SS-<i>Totenkopfverbände</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Aftermath</li><li>Memorials</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Vasily_Grossman#The_Hell_of_Treblinka" title="Vasily Grossman">The Hell of Treblinka</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Vasily_Grossman" title="Vasily Grossman">Vasily Grossman</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treblinka_trials" title="Treblinka trials">Treblinka trials</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding:0.3em;line-height:1.3em;padding-left:0; padding-right:0;"><div><div style="padding-left:2px; padding-right:2px;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><sup>a</sup> Alleged</li> <li><sup>b</sup> Numbering 90 to 120</li></ul> </div></div><div style="width:100%;background:white;height:2px;margin:2px 0;"></div><div style="padding-left:2px; padding-right:2px;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span style="padding-right:0.15em;">Death camps:</span> <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz_concentration_camp" title="Auschwitz concentration camp">Auschwitz-Birkenau</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Belzec_extermination_camp" title="Belzec extermination camp">Belzec</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Che%C5%82mno_extermination_camp" title="Chełmno extermination camp">Chełmno</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Majdanek_concentration_camp" title="Majdanek concentration camp">Majdanek</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sobibor_extermination_camp" title="Sobibor extermination camp">Sobibor</a></li><li><b>Treblinka</b></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sobibor_extermination_camp" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sobibor_extermination_camp" title="Template:Sobibor extermination camp"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sobibor_extermination_camp" title="Template talk:Sobibor extermination camp"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sobibor_extermination_camp" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sobibor extermination camp"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sobibor_extermination_camp" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sobibor_extermination_camp" title="Sobibor extermination camp">Sobibor extermination camp</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Camp organizers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odilo_Globocnik" title="Odilo Globocnik">Odilo Globocnik</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hermann Höfle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Thomalla" title="Richard Thomalla">Richard Thomalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Lambert" title="Erwin Lambert">Erwin Lambert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Steubl" title="Karl Steubl">Karl Steubl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Wirth" title="Christian Wirth">Christian Wirth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commandant</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Stangl" title="Franz Stangl">Franz Stangl</a> <sup>a</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Reichleitner" title="Franz Reichleitner">Franz Reichleitner</a> <sup>b</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deputies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Frenzel" title="Karl Frenzel">Karl Frenzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Michel" title="Hermann Michel">Hermann Michel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Niemann" title="Johann Niemann">Johann Niemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Wagner" title="Gustav Wagner">Gustav Wagner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gas chamber<br />executioners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Bauer" title="Erich Bauer">Erich Bauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Bolender" title="Kurt Bolender">Kurt Bolender</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other officers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Beckmann" title="Rudolf Beckmann">Rudolf Beckmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Bredow" title="Paul Bredow">Paul Bredow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Floss" title="Herbert Floss">Herbert Floss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Fuchs" title="Erich Fuchs">Erich Fuchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegfried_Graetschus" title="Siegfried Graetschus">Siegfried Graetschus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenz_Hackenholt" title="Lorenz Hackenholt">Lorenz Hackenholt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Hirtreiter" title="Josef Hirtreiter">Josef "Sepp" Hirtreiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Ittner" title="Alfred Ittner">Alfred Ittner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Lachmann" title="Erich Lachmann">Erich Lachmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willi_Mentz" title="Willi Mentz">Willi Mentz</a></li> <li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Rost" class="extiw" title="de:Paul Rost">Paul Rost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Stengelin" title="Ernst Stengelin">Ernst Stengelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Zierke" title="Ernst Zierke">Ernst Zierke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Barbl" title="Heinrich Barbl">Heinrich Barbl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Wolf_(SS_officer)" title="Franz Wolf (SS officer)">Franz Wolf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Guards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trawniki_men" title="Trawniki men">Trawnikis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Demjanjuk" title="John Demjanjuk">John Demjanjuk</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Resistance</li><li>Survivors</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sobibor_uprising" title="Sobibor uprising">Sobibor uprising</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Bialowitz" title="Philip Bialowitz">Philip Bialowitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Blatt" title="Thomas Blatt">Thomas Blatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selma_Engel-Wijnberg" title="Selma Engel-Wijnberg">Selma Engel-Wijnberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Feldhendler" class="mw-redirect" title="Leon Feldhendler">Leon Feldhendler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dov_Freiberg" title="Dov Freiberg">Dov Freiberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pechersky" title="Alexander Pechersky">Alexander Pechersky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Serchuk" title="Joseph Serchuk">Joseph Serchuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Szmajzner" title="Stanisław Szmajzner">Stanisław Szmajzner</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Schelvis" title="Jules Schelvis">Jules Schelvis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nazi organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Government" title="General Government">General Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS-Totenkopfverb%C3%A4nde" title="SS-Totenkopfverbände">SS-<i>Totenkopfverbände</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sobibor_extermination_camp_personnel" title="List of Sobibor extermination camp personnel">List of Sobibor extermination camp personnel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Aftermath</li><li>Memorials</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sobibor_trial" title="Sobibor trial">Sobibor trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobib%C3%B3r_Museum" title="Sobibór Museum">Sobibór Museum</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sobibor,_October_14,_1943,_4_p.m." title="Sobibor, October 14, 1943, 4 p.m.">Sobibor, October 14, 1943, 4 p.m.</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Escape_from_Sobibor" title="Escape from Sobibor">Escape from Sobibor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sobibor_(film)" title="Sobibor (film)">Sobibor</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobibor_perpetrator_album" title="Sobibor perpetrator album">Sobibor perpetrator album</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Reinhard" title="Operation Reinhard">Operation Reinhard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6fle_telegram" title="Höfle telegram">Höfle telegram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extermination_camp" title="Extermination camp">Extermination camp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding:0.3em;line-height:1.3em;padding-left:0; padding-right:0;"><div><div style="padding-left:2px; padding-right:2px;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><sup>a</sup> 28 April to 30 August 1942</li> <li><sup>b</sup> 1 September 1942 to 17 October 1943</li> <li><sup>c</sup> Up to 200</li></ul> </div></div><div style="width:100%;background:white;height:2px;margin:2px 0;"></div><div style="padding-left:2px; padding-right:2px;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span style="padding-right:0.15em;">Death camps:</span> <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz_concentration_camp" title="Auschwitz concentration camp">Auschwitz-Birkenau</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Belzec_extermination_camp" title="Belzec extermination camp">Belzec</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Che%C5%82mno_extermination_camp" title="Chełmno extermination camp">Chełmno</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Majdanek_concentration_camp" title="Majdanek concentration camp">Majdanek</a></li><li><b>Sobibor</b></li><li><a href="/wiki/Treblinka_extermination_camp" title="Treblinka extermination camp">Treblinka</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78678#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78678#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span 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href="https://isni.org/isni/000000007735510X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/73641954">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1685517/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtMr9p89rkQmhkqVTF9Xd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/120714272">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2007109740">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007594951605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd120714272.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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