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class="mw-page-title-main">Medicine ball</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="كرة طبية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كرة طبية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicinbal" title="Medicinbal – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Medicinbal" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medizinball" title="Medizinball – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Medizinball" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bal%C3%B3n_medicinal" title="Balón medicinal – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Balón medicinal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baloi_medizinal" title="Baloi medizinal – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Baloi medizinal" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84" title="مدیسن بال – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مدیسن بال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9decine_ball" title="Médecine ball – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Médecine ball" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EB%94%94%EC%8A%A8%EB%B3%BC" title="메디슨볼 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="메디슨볼" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palla_medica" title="Palla medica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Palla medica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicijnbal" title="Medicijnbal – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Medicijnbal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medisinball" title="Medisinball – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Medisinball" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C5%82ka_lekarska" title="Piłka lekarska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Piłka lekarska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%87" title="Медицинский мяч – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Медицинский мяч" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Медицинска лопта – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Медицинска лопта" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicinboll" title="Medicinboll – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Medicinboll" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%27%D1%8F%D1%87" title="Медичний м'яч – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Медичний м'яч" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8D%AF%E7%90%83" title="药球 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="药球" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1304461#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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</div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For Chinese medicine balls, see <a href="/wiki/Baoding_balls" title="Baoding balls">Baoding balls</a>. For the American medical drama, see <a href="/wiki/Medicine_Ball_(TV_series)" title="Medicine Ball (TV series)">Medicine Ball (TV series)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Soldier_tosses_a_medicine_ball_while_working_out_DVIDS462753.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Soldier_tosses_a_medicine_ball_while_working_out_DVIDS462753.jpg/170px-Soldier_tosses_a_medicine_ball_while_working_out_DVIDS462753.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Soldier_tosses_a_medicine_ball_while_working_out_DVIDS462753.jpg/255px-Soldier_tosses_a_medicine_ball_while_working_out_DVIDS462753.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Soldier_tosses_a_medicine_ball_while_working_out_DVIDS462753.jpg/340px-Soldier_tosses_a_medicine_ball_while_working_out_DVIDS462753.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="4144" /></a><figcaption>Exercising with a medicine ball</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Medicine_Ball_Plank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Medicine_Ball_Plank.jpg/220px-Medicine_Ball_Plank.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Medicine_Ball_Plank.jpg/330px-Medicine_Ball_Plank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Medicine_Ball_Plank.jpg/440px-Medicine_Ball_Plank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3712" data-file-height="2088" /></a><figcaption>Medicine ball <a href="/wiki/Plank_(exercise)" title="Plank (exercise)">plank</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MEDICINE-BALL-EXERCISES-FOR-MEN-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/MEDICINE-BALL-EXERCISES-FOR-MEN-1.jpg/220px-MEDICINE-BALL-EXERCISES-FOR-MEN-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/MEDICINE-BALL-EXERCISES-FOR-MEN-1.jpg/330px-MEDICINE-BALL-EXERCISES-FOR-MEN-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/MEDICINE-BALL-EXERCISES-FOR-MEN-1.jpg/440px-MEDICINE-BALL-EXERCISES-FOR-MEN-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2237" data-file-height="787" /></a><figcaption>Man exercising with a medicine ball</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>medicine ball</b> (also known as an <b>exercise ball</b>, a <b>med ball</b>, or a <b>fitness ball</b>) is a weighted <a href="/wiki/Ball" title="Ball">ball</a> whose diameter is about a shoulder-width (approx. 350 mm (13.7 in)), often used for <a href="/wiki/Physical_therapy" title="Physical therapy">rehabilitation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Strength_training" title="Strength training">strength training</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The medicine ball also serves an important role in the field of <a href="/wiki/Sports_medicine" title="Sports medicine">sports medicine</a> to improve strength and neuromuscular coordination.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is distinct from the inflated <a href="/wiki/Exercise_ball" title="Exercise ball">exercise ball</a>, which is much lighter and larger (up to 910 mm (36 in) diameter). </p><p>Medicine balls are usually sold as 1–11 kg (2–25 lb) balls and are used effectively in <a href="/wiki/Ballistic_training" title="Ballistic training">ballistic training</a> to increase explosive power in athletes in all sports, e.g. throwing the medicine ball or jumping whilst holding it.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some medicine balls are up to 360 mm (14 in) in diameter and up to 6 kg (14 lb) weight, or in the form of weighted <a href="/wiki/Basketball_(ball)" title="Basketball (ball)">basketballs</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medicine_ball&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aaron_Molyneaux_Hewlett.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Aaron_Molyneaux_Hewlett.jpg/170px-Aaron_Molyneaux_Hewlett.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Aaron_Molyneaux_Hewlett.jpg/255px-Aaron_Molyneaux_Hewlett.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Aaron_Molyneaux_Hewlett.jpg/340px-Aaron_Molyneaux_Hewlett.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3249" data-file-height="4370" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Molyneaux_Hewlett" title="Aaron Molyneaux Hewlett">Aaron Molyneaux Hewlett</a>, Director of the Harvard College Gymnasium ca. 1860, with a medicine ball and other equipment</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Hippocrates" title="Hippocrates">Hippocrates</a> is said to have stuffed animal skins for patients to toss for medicinal purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-dorene_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dorene-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar large balls were said to have been used in <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a>, specifically by Persian wrestlers, as well as by <a href="/wiki/Gladiator" title="Gladiator">Gladiators</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dorene_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dorene-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-arkansas_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arkansas-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-espn12_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-espn12-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term "medicine ball" dates back to at least 1876, in <i>American Gymnasia and Academic Record</i>, by Robert Jenkins Roberts Jr. The first known photograph of a medicine ball in the United States was taken in 1866 and shows Harvard athletic instructor <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Molyneaux_Hewlett" title="Aaron Molyneaux Hewlett">Aaron Molyneaux Hewlett</a> surrounded by his equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-espn12_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-espn12-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medicine_ball&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dumbbell" title="Dumbbell">Dumbbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exercise_ball" title="Exercise ball">Exercise ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hooverball" title="Hooverball">Hooverball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kettlebell" title="Kettlebell">Kettlebell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicine_ball_cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Medicine ball cabinet">Medicine ball cabinet</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medicine_ball&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/medicine%20ball">"Medicine ball"</a>. <i>Merriam-Webster Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"Short-term Periodization Models: Effects on Strength and Speed-strength Performance". <i>Sports Medicine</i>. <b>45</b> (10). Auckland, N.Z.: 1373–1386. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs40279-015-0355-2">10.1007/s40279-015-0355-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1179-2035">1179-2035</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26133514">26133514</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:26442001">26442001</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sports+Medicine&rft.atitle=Short-term+Periodization+Models%3A+Effects+on+Strength+and+Speed-strength+Performance&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=1373-1386&rft.date=2015-10&rft.issn=1179-2035&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A26442001%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26133514&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs40279-015-0355-2&rft.aulast=Hartmann&rft.aufirst=Hagen&rft.au=Wirth%2C+Klaus&rft.au=Keiner%2C+Michael&rft.au=Mickel%2C+Christoph&rft.au=Sander%2C+Andre&rft.au=Szilvas%2C+Elena&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedicine+ball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dorene-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dorene_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dorene_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInternicola2014" class="citation news cs1">Internicola, Dorene (6 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-fitness-medicineballs-idUSKCN0HV0O020141006">"Medicine balls are ancient fitness tools that keep bouncing back"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Medicine+balls+are+ancient+fitness+tools+that+keep+bouncing+back&rft.date=2014-10-06&rft.aulast=Internicola&rft.aufirst=Dorene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-fitness-medicineballs-idUSKCN0HV0O020141006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedicine+ball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-arkansas-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-arkansas_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParrott2018" class="citation web cs1">Parrott, Matt (2018-09-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2018/sep/10/medicine-ball-has-history-of-improving-/">"Medicine ball has history of improving movement"</a>. <i>Arkansas Democrat Gazette</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Arkansas+Democrat+Gazette&rft.atitle=Medicine+ball+has+history+of+improving+movement&rft.date=2018-09-10&rft.aulast=Parrott&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arkansasonline.com%2Fnews%2F2018%2Fsep%2F10%2Fmedicine-ball-has-history-of-improving-%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedicine+ball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-espn12-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-espn12_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-espn12_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlemingCroner2012" class="citation web cs1">Fleming, David; Croner, Ken (2012-07-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.espn.com/espn/magazine/archives/news/story?page=magazine-20080421-article36">"The Ball That Just Won't Die"</a>. <i>ESPN.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-02-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ESPN.com&rft.atitle=The+Ball+That+Just+Won%27t+Die&rft.date=2012-07-10&rft.aulast=Fleming&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Croner%2C+Ken&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fespn%2Fmagazine%2Farchives%2Fnews%2Fstory%3Fpage%3Dmagazine-20080421-article36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedicine+ball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarrenc._1860" class="citation web cs1">Warren, George Kendall (c. 1860). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.lib.harvard.edu/images/olvwork173667/catalog">"A. Molyneaux Hewlett [photographic portrait], ca. 1860"</a>. <i>HOLLIS Images | Harvard Library</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-10-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HOLLIS+Images+%7C+Harvard+Library&rft.atitle=A.+Molyneaux+Hewlett+%5Bphotographic+portrait%5D%2C+ca.+1860&rft.aulast=Warren&rft.aufirst=George+Kendall&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fid.lib.harvard.edu%2Fimages%2Folvwork173667%2Fcatalog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedicine+ball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medicine_ball&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" 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