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href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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title="Tunnid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tunnid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_horas_(novela)" title="Las horas (novela) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Las horas (novela)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7_(%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="ساعت‌ها (رمان) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ساعت‌ها (رمان)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Heures_(roman)" title="Les Heures (roman) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Les Heures (roman)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hours_(novel)" title="The Hours (novel) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="The Hours (novel)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_ore" title="Le ore – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Le ore" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hours_(romance)" title="The Hours (romance) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="The Hours (romance)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ure" title="Ure – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ure" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_(%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="Сати (роман) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сати (роман)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timmarna_(roman)" title="Timmarna (roman) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Timmarna (roman)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saatler" title="Saatler – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Saatler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2610868#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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searchaux" style="display:none">1998 novel by Michael Cunningham</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%; font-style:italic; padding-bottom:0.2em;">The Hours <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hours&rft.author=%5B%5BMichael+Cunningham%5D%5D&rft.date=November+11%2C+1998&rft.pub=%5B%5BFarrar%2C+Straus+and+Giroux%5D%5D&rft.place=United+States&rft.pages=230+%281st+edition+hardcover%29&rft_id=info:oclcnum/39339842"></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Hours_novella.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/8d/The_Hours_novella.jpg" decoding="async" width="188" height="285" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="188" data-file-height="285" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Author</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Cunningham" title="Michael Cunningham">Michael Cunningham</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Farrar,_Straus_and_Giroux" title="Farrar, Straus and Giroux">Farrar, Straus and Giroux</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Publication date</div></th><td class="infobox-data">November 11, 1998</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication place</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Media type</th><td class="infobox-data">Print (hardback & paperback)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pages</th><td class="infobox-data">230 (1st edition hardcover)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-374-17289-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-374-17289-7">0-374-17289-7</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)"><abbr title="Online Computer Library Center number">OCLC</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/39339842">39339842</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>The Hours</b></i>, a 1998 novel by the American writer <a href="/wiki/Michael_Cunningham" title="Michael Cunningham">Michael Cunningham</a>, is a tribute to <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Woolf" title="Virginia Woolf">Virginia Woolf</a>'s 1923 work <i><a href="/wiki/Mrs_Dalloway" title="Mrs Dalloway">Mrs Dalloway</a></i>. Cunningham emulates elements of Woolf's writing style while revisiting some of her themes in different settings. <i>The Hours</i> won the 1999 <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Fiction" title="Pulitzer Prize for Fiction">Pulitzer Prize for Fiction</a> and the 1999 <a href="/wiki/PEN/Faulkner_Award_for_Fiction" title="PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction">PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction</a>, and was later made into an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Oscar</a>-winning, 2002, <a href="/wiki/The_Hours_(film)" title="The Hours (film)">eponymous film</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Hours_(novel)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Virginia_Woolf_1927.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Virginia_Woolf_1927.jpg/150px-Virginia_Woolf_1927.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Virginia_Woolf_1927.jpg/225px-Virginia_Woolf_1927.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Virginia_Woolf_1927.jpg/300px-Virginia_Woolf_1927.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1263" data-file-height="1843" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of Virginia Woolf, British author and feminist</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Nonlinear_narrative" title="Nonlinear narrative">nonlinear narrative</a> unfolds primarily through the perspectives of three women across three decades, with each woman somehow affected by Woolf's novel <i><a href="/wiki/Mrs._Dalloway" class="mw-redirect" title="Mrs. Dalloway">Mrs. Dalloway</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1923 <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_London" title="Richmond, London">Richmond, London</a>, author <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Woolf" title="Virginia Woolf">Virginia Woolf</a> writes <i>Mrs. Dalloway</i> and struggles with mental illness. In 1949 in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles, California">Los Angeles, California</a>, Laura Brown is reading <i>Mrs. Dalloway</i> while planning a birthday party for her husband, a World War II veteran. In 1999 in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, Clarissa Vaughan plans a party to celebrate a major literary award received by her good friend and former lover, the poet Richard, who is dying of an <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">AIDS</a>-related illness. </p><p>The situations of all three characters mirror situations experienced by Woolf's character <a href="/wiki/Clarissa_Dalloway" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarissa Dalloway">Clarissa Dalloway</a> in <i>Mrs. Dalloway</i>, with Clarissa Vaughan being a modern-day version of Woolf's character.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like Dalloway, Vaughan goes to buy flowers while reflecting on the minutiae of the day around her, and later prepares to host a party. Both Dalloway and Vaughan also contrast their histories and past loves with their current lives, which they both perceive as trivial. Several other characters in Vaughan's story also parallel characters in <i>Mrs. Dalloway</i>. </p><p>Cunningham's novel mirrors <i>Mrs. Dalloway</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'s</span> <a href="/wiki/Stream_of_consciousness" title="Stream of consciousness">stream-of-consciousness</a> narrative style, which Woolf and <a href="/wiki/James_Joyce" title="James Joyce">James Joyce</a> pioneered. The protagonists' flowing thoughts and perceptions are depicted as they would occur in real life, and the characters interact with the present and with memories; this <a href="/wiki/Context_(language_use)" class="mw-redirect" title="Context (language use)">contextualizes</a> personal history and backstory, such as buying flowers and baking a cake, which otherwise might appear trivial. </p><p>Similarly to Woolf's novel, Cunningham's novel places the story within one day; Woolf's <i>Mrs. Dalloway</i> describes one day in the central character's life while Cunningham's novel describes one day in the life of each of the three central characters: Clarissa Vaughan, Laura Brown, and Virginia Woolf). Through these characters, Cunningham attempts to show the beauty and profundity of every day in a person's life and how a person's whole life can be examined through one single day. </p><p>Cunningham's novel's title <i>The Hours</i> was the original working title Woolf used for <i>Mrs. Dalloway</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot_summary">Plot summary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Hours_(novel)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Plot summary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1941, <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Woolf" title="Virginia Woolf">Virginia Woolf</a> drowns herself in the <a href="/wiki/River_Ouse,_Sussex" title="River Ouse, Sussex">River Ouse, Sussex</a>, England. Even as she drowns, she marvels at everyday sights and sounds. <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Woolf" title="Leonard Woolf">Leonard Woolf</a>, her husband, finds her suicide note, and Virginia's body floats downstream, where life continues as normal. </p><p>In New York City at the end of the 20th century, Clarissa Vaughan announces she will buy flowers for a party she is hosting later in the day for her friend Richard, a renowned poet who is dying of an AIDS-related illness, because he has won the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carrouthers_Prize&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carrouthers Prize (page does not exist)">Carrouthers Prize</a>, an esteemed poetry prize.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clarissa leaves her partner Sally to walk to the flower shop, enjoying the everyday life of the city. The sights and sounds she encounters trigger her thoughts about life, what she loves, and her past. Clarissa bumps into Walter, an acquaintance who writes <a href="/wiki/Gay_male_pulp_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay male pulp fiction">gay pulp fiction</a> romances. Clarissa invites him to the party, although she knows this will upset Richard. Clarissa continues on her way and arrives at the flower shop. </p><p>In 1923, Virginia Woolf wakes one morning with the possible first line of a new novel. She picks up her pen and writes: "Mrs. Dalloway said she would buy the flowers herself." </p><p>In 1949 in Los Angeles, Laura Brown reads the first line of Woolf's novel <i>Mrs. Dalloway</i>. Laura is pregnant with her second child and is reading in bed on her husband Dan's birthday. She goes downstairs and decides to make a cake for Dan's birthday that her son Richie will help her make. </p><p>Clarissa Vaughan, having left the flower shop with an armload of flowers, decides to visit Richard's apartment. On her way, she pauses at the site of a film shoot, hoping to catch a glimpse of a movie star. She leaves, having not seen the star and embarrassed at her trivial impulses. Clarissa enters a neighborhood she and Richard frequented as young adults. It is revealed Richard and Clarissa once had a failed romantic relationship, despite Richard's "deepest longings" being for Louis, with whom he was already in a relationship. Clarissa enters Richard's apartment building, which she finds squalid and associates with a sense of decay and death. </p><p>Richard welcomes Clarissa, calling her "Mrs. D", a reference to <i>Mrs. Dalloway</i>. As Richard's closest friend, Clarissa has taken on the role of a caregiver through his illness. Richard is struggling with what Clarissa assumes to be mental illness, brought about by his AIDS, and tells Clarissa he is hearing voices. Clarissa leaves, promising to return that afternoon to help him prepare for the party. </p><p>Two hours have passed since Virginia began writing the start of <i>Mrs. Dalloway</i>. Reflecting on the uncertainty of the artistic process, she decides she has written enough for the day. Virginia goes to the printing room, where Leonard and an assistant are at work. She senses from the assistant <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Partridge" title="Ralph Partridge">Ralph</a>'s demeanor Leonard has just scolded him for inefficiency. Virginia announces she is going for a walk and will then help with the work. </p><p>Laura Brown makes Dan's birthday cake with Richie's help. She passes experiences intense love for, and annoyance with, Richie. </p><p>Virginia Woolf is taking her walk while thinking of ideas for her novel. She already believes Clarissa Dalloway will die by suicide and plans for Dalloway to have had one true love, a girl she knew during her childhood. Virginia plans for Clarissa to kill herself in middle age over something trivial. Virginia longs to return home; she is aware she is more susceptible to mental illness in London, but would rather die "raving mad" in the city than avoid life in Richmond. As Virginia returns home she feels she is impersonating herself in an effort to convince herself and others she is sane so Leonard will agree to move back to London. </p><p>Clarissa Vaughan enters her apartment. Her partner Sally, a television producer, is leaving for a lunch meeting with a film star. As Clarissa prepares for the party, she thinks of the famous actor Sally is lunching with, a B-movie action star who recently came out as gay. She thinks of a holiday she had with Louis and Richard when she was eighteen, a time when anything seemed possible. She wonders what might have happened if she had tried to remain with Richard. </p><p>Laura's cake is complete but she is not happy with it. Laura plans the rest of the day; she will prepare for Dan's party. Kitty, Laura's neighbor, arrives at the door. She notices Laura's amateur efforts at making a cake. Laura remembers Kitty has remained childless despite her desire to have children. </p><p>The two women drink coffee; Kitty says she must stay in hospital for a few days and wants Laura to feed her dog. Laura moves to comfort Kitty with an embrace. Both women hold each other; Laura kisses Kitty's forehead and the two women kiss each other on the lips. Kitty pulls away and Laura panics when she reaiizes Richie, has been watching them. Kitty leaves, forgetting her momentary lapse of character. Their kiss is never mentioned; she rejects Laura's continued overtures of help and leaves. Laura attends to her son and dumps her freshly made cake in the bin. She will make another cake. </p><p>As Virginia helps Leonard and Ralph with the printing press, a servant announces Virginia's sister has arrived. <a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Bell" title="Vanessa Bell">Vanessa Bell</a>, Virginia's sister, is one-and-a-half hours early. Leonard refuses to stop working so Virginia attends to Vanessa alone. Virginia and Vanessa go into the garden, where Vanessa's children have found a dying bird. As she watches Vanessa's children, Virgina believes the real accomplishment in life is not her "experiments in the narrative" but the producing of children, which Vanessa has achieved. The bird has died and the children, assisted by the adults, hold a funeral for it. As Virginia stares at the dead bird she has an epiphany: her character, Clarissa Dalloway, is not like Virginia and would not die by suicide. </p><p>As Clarissa prepares for Richard's party, she is visited by Richard's former partner Louis, and is thrown off-kilter by the visit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characters">Characters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Hours_(novel)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Characters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>1923</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Woolf" title="Virginia Woolf">Virginia Woolf</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Woolf" title="Leonard Woolf">Leonard Woolf</a>, Virginia's husband;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Bell" title="Vanessa Bell">Vanessa Bell</a>, Virginia's sister.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellie_Boxall" title="Nellie Boxall">Nelly Boxall</a>, Virginia and Leonard's cook.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Bell" title="Julian Bell">Julian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quentin_Bell" title="Quentin Bell">Quentin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Angelica_Garnett" title="Angelica Garnett">Angelica</a>, Vanessa's children.</li></ul> </div> <p><b>1949</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li>Laura Brown;</li> <li>Dan Brown, Laura's husband;</li> <li>Richie Brown, Laura's son;</li> <li>Kitty, her neighbour.</li> <li>Mrs Latch, babysitter.</li></ul> </div> <p><b>1999</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li>Clarissa Vaughan; a 52-year-old publisher.</li> <li>Sally, Clarissa's partner;</li> <li>Richard Brown, Clarissa's friend, Laura Brown's son;</li> <li>Louis Waters, Richard's former lover, friend of Richard and Clarissa;</li> <li>Julia Vaughan, Clarissa's daughter;</li> <li>Mary Krull, Julia's friend.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_themes">Major themes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Hours_(novel)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Major themes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sexuality">Sexuality</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Hours_(novel)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sexuality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>The Hours</i> concerns three generations of questionably lesbian or bisexual women.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Woolf" title="Virginia Woolf">Virginia Woolf</a> was known to have affairs with women; Laura Brown kisses Kitty in her kitchen; and Clarissa Vaughan, who was previously Richard's lover, is in a relationship with Sally. Peripheral characters also exhibit a variety of sexual orientations.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Patterns_of_three">Patterns of three</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Hours_(novel)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Patterns of three"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Apart from the novel's three female protagonists, and the three symbiotic storylines that they appear in, there are other examples in the novel where Cunningham patterns his story on groups of three. The most-conspicuous of these is the three-way relationship between Clarissa, Richard and Louis when they were three students on holiday together. In the "Mrs Woolf" storyline there is a factual grouping of three in Vanessa's children, Quentin, Julian, and Angelica, who come with their mother to visit Virginia. There is also the family of Laura Brown, her husband Dan and their son Richie. Michael Cunningham confirmed his preoccupation with the number three in a televised interview with <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Rose" title="Charlie Rose">Charlie Rose</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trivia">Trivia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Hours_(novel)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Trivia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>On her way to Richard's apartment, Clarissa Vaughan thinks she sees <a href="/wiki/Meryl_Streep" title="Meryl Streep">Meryl Streep</a>, who played Clarissa in <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Daldry" title="Stephen Daldry">Stephen Daldry</a>'s movie adaptation of <i>The Hours</i>. In the book, Clarissa considers the actor she sees might also have been <a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Redgrave" title="Vanessa Redgrave">Vanessa Redgrave</a>, who played Clarissa Dalloway in the 1997 film version of <i>Mrs Dalloway</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>According to Streep in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hours_(film)" title="The Hours (film)">The Hours</a></i> DVD commentary, Redgrave's daughter <a href="/wiki/Natasha_Richardson" title="Natasha Richardson">Natasha Richardson</a> sent Streep a copy of the novel. Richardson apparently felt Streep might enjoy reading about her fictional self in the novel.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Mrs Brown is a character in Virginia Woolf's essay, "<a href="/wiki/Mr._Bennett_and_Mrs._Brown" title="Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown">Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown</a>".</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adaptations">Adaptations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Hours_(novel)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Adaptations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hours_(film)" title="The Hours (film)">The Hours</a></i> (2002), film directed by <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Daldry" title="Stephen Daldry">Stephen Daldry</a>, with the screenplay written by <a href="/wiki/David_Hare_(playwright)" title="David Hare (playwright)">David Hare</a> and starring <a href="/wiki/Meryl_Streep" title="Meryl Streep">Meryl Streep </a>, <a href="/wiki/Julianne_Moore" title="Julianne Moore">Julianne Moore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nicole_Kidman" title="Nicole Kidman">Nicole Kidman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>The Hours: A Live Tribute</i> (2016), short film directed by Tim McNeill.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Puts" title="Kevin Puts">Kevin Puts</a> adapted the novel into an <a href="/wiki/The_Hours_(opera)" title="The Hours (opera)">opera with the same name</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Libretto" title="Libretto">libretto</a> by Greg Pierce, premiering in concert with the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Orchestra" title="Philadelphia Orchestra">Philadelphia Orchestra</a> in 2022, followed by its stage premiere at the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera">Metropolitan Opera</a> later that year, featuring <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9e_Fleming" title="Renée Fleming">Renée Fleming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kelli_O%27Hara" title="Kelli O'Hara">Kelli O'Hara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joyce_DiDonato" title="Joyce DiDonato">Joyce DiDonato</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Phelim_McDermott" title="Phelim McDermott">Phelim McDermott</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Hours_(novel)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes2004" class="citation journal cs1">Hughes, Marry Joe (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3200/CRIT.45.4.349-361">"Michael Cunningham's The Hours and Postmodern Artistic Re-Presentation"</a>. <i>Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction</i>. <b>45</b> (4): 349–361. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3200%2FCRIT.45.4.349-361">10.3200/CRIT.45.4.349-361</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0011-1619">0011-1619</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critique%3A+Studies+in+Contemporary+Fiction&rft.atitle=Michael+Cunningham%27s+The+Hours+and+Postmodern+Artistic+Re-Presentation&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=349-361&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3200%2FCRIT.45.4.349-361&rft.issn=0011-1619&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Marry+Joe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.3200%2FCRIT.45.4.349-361&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Hours+%28novel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmed2010" class="citation book cs1">Ahmed, Sara (April 6, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Promise_of_Happiness/uOAPdbhSpksC?hl=en&gbpv=0"><i>The Promise of Happiness</i></a>. Duke University Press. p. 77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-9278-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-9278-1"><bdi>978-0-8223-9278-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Promise+of+Happiness&rft.pages=77&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2010-04-06&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-9278-1&rft.aulast=Ahmed&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FThe_Promise_of_Happiness%2FuOAPdbhSpksC%3Fhl%3Den%26gbpv%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Hours+%28novel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharlie_Rose2005" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Rose" title="Charlie Rose">Charlie Rose</a> (August 17, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://charlierose.com/videos/10154">"Michael Cunningham"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 21,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Michael+Cunningham&rft.date=2005-08-17&rft.au=Charlie+Rose&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcharlierose.com%2Fvideos%2F10154&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Hours+%28novel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaSalle2002" class="citation news cs1">LaSalle, Mick (December 27, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2002/12/27/DD114138.DTL">"Film proves to be book's finest 'Hours' / Kidman, Moore, Streep lift story even higher"</a>. <i>Sfgate.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sfgate.com&rft.atitle=Film+proves+to+be+book%27s+finest+%27Hours%27+%2F+Kidman%2C+Moore%2C+Streep+lift+story+even+higher&rft.date=2002-12-27&rft.aulast=LaSalle&rft.aufirst=Mick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Farticle.cgi%3Ff%3D%2Fc%2Fa%2F2002%2F12%2F27%2FDD114138.DTL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Hours+%28novel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbert" class="citation web cs1">Ebert, Roger. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-hours-2002">"The Hours movie review & film summary (2002) | Roger Ebert"</a>. <i>www.rogerebert.com/</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.rogerebert.com%2F&rft.atitle=The+Hours+movie+review+%26+film+summary+%282002%29+%26%23124%3B+Roger+Ebert&rft.aulast=Ebert&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rogerebert.com%2Freviews%2Fthe-hours-2002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Hours+%28novel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristopher_Browner2022" class="citation magazine cs1">Christopher Browner (November 18, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://playbill.com/article/how-renee-fleming-inspired-the-met-operas-the-hours">"How Renée Fleming Inspired the Met Opera's <i>The Hours</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Playbill" title="Playbill">Playbill</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 21,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Playbill&rft.atitle=How+Ren%C3%A9e+Fleming+Inspired+the+Met+Opera%27s+The+Hours&rft.date=2022-11-18&rft.au=Christopher+Browner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplaybill.com%2Farticle%2Fhow-renee-fleming-inspired-the-met-operas-the-hours&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Hours+%28novel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Hours_(novel)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJussila2013" class="citation thesis cs1">Jussila, Pauli (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oulurepo.oulu.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/38655/nbnfioulu-201306111597.pdf?sequence=1"><i>Transtextuality in Michael Cunningham’s The Hours with relation to Mrs. Dalloway by Virginia Woolf</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Thesis). University of Oulu<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 25,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Transtextuality+in+Michael+Cunningham%E2%80%99s+The+Hours+with+relation+to+Mrs.+Dalloway+by+Virginia+Woolf&rft.inst=University+of+Oulu&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Jussila&rft.aufirst=Pauli&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foulurepo.oulu.fi%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F10024%2F38655%2Fnbnfioulu-201306111597.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Hours+%28novel%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Hours_(novel)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Virginia_Woolf" title="Template:Virginia Woolf"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Virginia_Woolf" title="Template talk:Virginia Woolf"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Virginia_Woolf" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Virginia Woolf"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Virginia_Woolf" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Woolf" title="Virginia Woolf">Virginia Woolf</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Woolf_bibliography" title="Virginia Woolf bibliography">Bibliography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Voyage_Out" title="The Voyage Out">The Voyage Out</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Night_and_Day_(Woolf_novel)" title="Night and Day (Woolf novel)">Night and Day</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jacob%27s_Room" title="Jacob's Room">Jacob's Room</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mrs_Dalloway" title="Mrs Dalloway">Mrs Dalloway</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mrs_Dalloway_(film)" title="Mrs Dalloway (film)">film</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/To_the_Lighthouse" title="To the Lighthouse">To the Lighthouse</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orlando:_A_Biography" title="Orlando: A Biography">Orlando: A Biography</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_(film)" title="Orlando (film)">film</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Waves" title="The Waves">The Waves</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Years_(Woolf_novel)" title="The Years (Woolf novel)">The Years</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Between_the_Acts" title="Between the Acts">Between the Acts</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short stories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Mark_on_the_Wall" title="The Mark on the Wall">The Mark on the Wall</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Kew_Gardens_(short_story)" title="Kew Gardens (short story)">Kew Gardens</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monday_or_Tuesday" title="Monday or Tuesday">Monday or Tuesday</a></i> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_String_Quartet" title="The String Quartet">The String Quartet</a>"</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_New_Dress_(short_story)" title="The New Dress (short story)">The New Dress</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Duchess_and_the_Jeweller" title="The Duchess and the Jeweller">The Duchess and the Jeweller</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Haunted_House_and_Other_Short_Stories" title="A Haunted House and Other Short Stories">A Haunted House and Other Short Stories</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Widow_and_the_Parrot" title="The Widow and the Parrot">The Widow and the Parrot</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Drama</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Freshwater_(play)" title="Freshwater (play)">Freshwater</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Biographies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Flush:_A_Biography" title="Flush: A Biography">Flush: A Biography</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roger_Fry:_A_Biography" title="Roger Fry: A Biography">Roger Fry: A Biography</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Essays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Modern_Fiction_(essay)" title="Modern Fiction (essay)">Modern Fiction</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mr._Bennett_and_Mrs._Brown" title="Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown">Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_Being_Ill" title="On Being Ill">On Being Ill</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Room_of_One%27s_Own" title="A Room of One's Own">A Room of One's Own</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Scene" title="The London Scene">The London Scene</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Guineas" title="Three Guineas">Three Guineas</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Letter_to_a_Young_Poet" title="A Letter to a Young Poet">A Letter to a Young Poet</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moments_of_Being" title="Moments of Being">Moments of Being</a></i> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Sketch_of_the_Past" title="A Sketch of the Past">A Sketch of the Past</a>"</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Group" title="Bloomsbury Group">Bloomsbury Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hogarth_Press" title="Hogarth Press">Hogarth Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monk%27s_House" title="Monk's House">Monk's House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreadnought_hoax" title="Dreadnought hoax"><i>Dreadnought</i> hoax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Woolf" title="Leonard Woolf">Leonard Woolf (husband)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Stephen" title="Julia Stephen">Julia Stephen (mother)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Stephen" title="Leslie Stephen">Leslie Stephen (father)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Bell" title="Vanessa Bell">Vanessa Bell (sister)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoby_Stephen" title="Thoby Stephen">Thoby Stephen (brother)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Stephen" title="Adrian Stephen">Adrian Stephen (brother)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>The Hours</i> (novel)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hours_(film)" title="The Hours (film)"><i>The Hours</i> (film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hours_(opera)" title="The Hours (opera)"><i>The Hours</i> (opera)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/From_the_Diary_of_Virginia_Woolf" title="From the Diary of Virginia Woolf"><i>From the Diary of Virginia Woolf</i> (song cycle)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pulitzer_Prize_for_Fiction" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pulitzer_Prize_for_Fiction" title="Template:Pulitzer Prize for Fiction"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pulitzer_Prize_for_Fiction" title="Template talk:Pulitzer Prize for Fiction"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pulitzer_Prize_for_Fiction" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pulitzer Prize for Fiction"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pulitzer_Prize_for_Fiction" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Fiction" title="Pulitzer Prize for Fiction">Pulitzer Prize for Fiction</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><i>Previously the Pulitzer Prize for the Novel from 1917–1947</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1918–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/His_Family" title="His Family">His Family</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Poole" title="Ernest Poole">Ernest Poole</a> (1918)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Magnificent_Ambersons" title="The Magnificent Ambersons">The Magnificent Ambersons</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Booth_Tarkington" title="Booth Tarkington">Booth Tarkington</a> (1919)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Age_of_Innocence" title="The Age of Innocence">The Age of Innocence</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Edith_Wharton" title="Edith Wharton">Edith Wharton</a> (1921)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alice_Adams_(novel)" title="Alice Adams (novel)">Alice Adams</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Booth_Tarkington" title="Booth Tarkington">Booth Tarkington</a> (1922)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/One_of_Ours" title="One of Ours">One of Ours</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Willa_Cather" title="Willa Cather">Willa Cather</a> (1923)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Able_McLaughlins" title="The Able McLaughlins">The Able McLaughlins</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Wilson_(novelist)" title="Margaret Wilson (novelist)">Margaret Wilson</a> (1924)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/So_Big_(novel)" title="So Big (novel)">So Big</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Edna_Ferber" title="Edna Ferber">Edna Ferber</a> (1925)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/60px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/90px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/120px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png 2x" data-file-width="1114" data-file-height="1110" /></a></span><br /><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/60px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/90px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/120px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png 2x" data-file-width="1115" data-file-height="1101" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arrowsmith_(novel)" title="Arrowsmith (novel)">Arrowsmith</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Lewis" title="Sinclair Lewis">Sinclair Lewis</a> (1926; declined)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Early_Autumn" title="Early Autumn">Early Autumn</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Louis_Bromfield" title="Louis Bromfield">Louis Bromfield</a> (1927)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bridge_of_San_Luis_Rey" title="The Bridge of San Luis Rey">The Bridge of San Luis Rey</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Thornton_Wilder" title="Thornton Wilder">Thornton Wilder</a> (1928)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scarlet_Sister_Mary" title="Scarlet Sister Mary">Scarlet Sister Mary</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Julia_Peterkin" title="Julia Peterkin">Julia Peterkin</a> (1929)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laughing_Boy_(novel)" title="Laughing Boy (novel)">Laughing Boy</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Oliver_La_Farge" title="Oliver La Farge">Oliver La Farge</a> (1930)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Years_of_Grace" title="Years of Grace">Years of Grace</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Ayer_Barnes" title="Margaret Ayer Barnes">Margaret Ayer Barnes</a> (1931)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Good_Earth" title="The Good Earth">The Good Earth</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Pearl_S._Buck" title="Pearl S. Buck">Pearl S. Buck</a> (1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Store_(novel)" title="The Store (novel)">The Store</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sigismund_Stribling" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Sigismund Stribling">Thomas Sigismund Stribling</a> (1933)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lamb_in_His_Bosom" title="Lamb in His Bosom">Lamb in His Bosom</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Pafford_Miller" title="Caroline Pafford Miller">Caroline Pafford Miller</a> (1934)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Now_in_November" title="Now in November">Now in November</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Josephine_Johnson" title="Josephine Johnson">Josephine Winslow Johnson</a> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Honey_in_the_Horn" title="Honey in the Horn">Honey in the Horn</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/H._L._Davis" title="H. L. Davis">Harold L. Davis</a> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gone_with_the_Wind_(novel)" title="Gone with the Wind (novel)">Gone with the Wind</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Mitchell" title="Margaret Mitchell">Margaret Mitchell</a> (1937)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Late_George_Apley" title="The Late George Apley">The Late George Apley</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/John_P._Marquand" title="John P. Marquand">John Phillips Marquand</a> (1938)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Yearling" title="The Yearling">The Yearling</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Kinnan_Rawlings" title="Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings">Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings</a> (1939)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Grapes_of_Wrath" title="The Grapes of Wrath">The Grapes of Wrath</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/John_Steinbeck" title="John Steinbeck">John Steinbeck</a> (1940)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_This_Our_Life_(novel)" title="In This Our Life (novel)">In This Our Life</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Glasgow" title="Ellen Glasgow">Ellen Glasgow</a> (1942)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dragon%27s_Teeth_(novel)" title="Dragon's Teeth (novel)">Dragon's Teeth</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Upton_Sinclair" title="Upton Sinclair">Upton Sinclair</a> (1943)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Journey_in_the_Dark" title="Journey in the Dark">Journey in the Dark</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Martin_Flavin" title="Martin Flavin">Martin Flavin</a> (1944)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Bell_for_Adano_(novel)" title="A Bell for Adano (novel)">A Bell for Adano</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/John_Hersey" title="John Hersey">John Hersey</a> (1945)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/All_the_King%27s_Men" title="All the King's Men">All the King's Men</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Penn_Warren" title="Robert Penn Warren">Robert Penn Warren</a> (1947)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tales_of_the_South_Pacific" title="Tales of the South Pacific">Tales of the South Pacific</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/James_A._Michener" title="James A. Michener">James A. Michener</a> (1948)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guard_of_Honor" title="Guard of Honor">Guard of Honor</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/James_Gould_Cozzens" title="James Gould Cozzens">James Gould Cozzens</a> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Way_West" title="The Way West">The Way West</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/A._B._Guthrie_Jr." title="A. B. Guthrie Jr.">A. B. Guthrie Jr.</a> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Town_(Richter_novel)" title="The Town (Richter novel)">The Town</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Conrad_Richter" title="Conrad Richter">Conrad Richter</a> (1951)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Caine_Mutiny" title="The Caine Mutiny">The Caine Mutiny</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Herman_Wouk" title="Herman Wouk">Herman Wouk</a> (1952)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Old_Man_and_the_Sea" title="The Old Man and the Sea">The Old Man and the Sea</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Ernest Hemingway</a> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Fable" title="A Fable">A Fable</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">William Faulkner</a> (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Andersonville_(novel)" title="Andersonville (novel)">Andersonville</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/MacKinlay_Kantor" title="MacKinlay Kantor">MacKinlay Kantor</a> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Death_in_the_Family" title="A Death in the Family">A Death in the Family</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/James_Agee" title="James Agee">James Agee</a> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Travels_of_Jaimie_McPheeters" title="The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters">The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lewis_Taylor" title="Robert Lewis Taylor">Robert Lewis Taylor</a> (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Advise_and_Consent" title="Advise and Consent">Advise and Consent</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Allen_Drury" title="Allen Drury">Allen Drury</a> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/To_Kill_a_Mockingbird" title="To Kill a Mockingbird">To Kill a Mockingbird</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Harper_Lee" title="Harper Lee">Harper Lee</a> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Edge_of_Sadness" title="The Edge of Sadness">The Edge of Sadness</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Edwin_O%27Connor" title="Edwin O'Connor">Edwin O'Connor</a> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Reivers" title="The Reivers">The Reivers</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">William Faulkner</a> (1963)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Keepers_of_the_House" title="The Keepers of the House">The Keepers of the House</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Ann_Grau" title="Shirley Ann Grau">Shirley Ann Grau</a> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Collected_Stories_of_Katherine_Anne_Porter" title="The Collected Stories of Katherine Anne Porter">The Collected Stories of Katherine Anne Porter</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Katherine_Anne_Porter" title="Katherine Anne Porter">Katherine Anne Porter</a> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fixer_(novel)" title="The Fixer (novel)">The Fixer</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Malamud" title="Bernard Malamud">Bernard Malamud</a> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Confessions_of_Nat_Turner" title="The Confessions of Nat Turner">The Confessions of Nat Turner</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/William_Styron" title="William Styron">William Styron</a> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/House_Made_of_Dawn" title="House Made of Dawn">House Made of Dawn</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/N._Scott_Momaday" title="N. Scott Momaday">N. Scott Momaday</a> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Collected_Stories_of_Jean_Stafford" title="The Collected Stories of Jean Stafford">The Collected Stories of Jean Stafford</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Stafford" title="Jean Stafford">Jean Stafford</a> (1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Angle_of_Repose" title="Angle of Repose">Angle of Repose</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Wallace_Stegner" title="Wallace Stegner">Wallace Stegner</a> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Optimist%27s_Daughter" title="The Optimist's Daughter">The Optimist's Daughter</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Eudora_Welty" title="Eudora Welty">Eudora Welty</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity%27s_Rainbow" title="Gravity's Rainbow">No award given</a> (1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Killer_Angels" title="The Killer Angels">The Killer Angels</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Shaara" title="Michael Shaara">Michael Shaara</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Humboldt%27s_Gift" title="Humboldt's Gift">Humboldt's Gift</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Saul Bellow</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_River_Runs_Through_It_(novel)#Pulitzer_Prize" title="A River Runs Through It (novel)">No award given</a> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elbow_Room_(short_story_collection)" title="Elbow Room (short story collection)">Elbow Room</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/James_Alan_McPherson" title="James Alan McPherson">James Alan McPherson</a> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Stories_of_John_Cheever" title="The Stories of John Cheever">The Stories of John Cheever</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/John_Cheever" title="John Cheever">John Cheever</a> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Executioner%27s_Song" title="The Executioner's Song">The Executioner's Song</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Norman_Mailer" title="Norman Mailer">Norman Mailer</a> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Confederacy_of_Dunces" title="A Confederacy of Dunces">A Confederacy of Dunces</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/John_Kennedy_Toole" title="John Kennedy Toole">John Kennedy Toole</a> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rabbit_Is_Rich" title="Rabbit Is Rich">Rabbit Is Rich</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike">John Updike</a> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Color_Purple" title="The Color Purple">The Color Purple</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Alice_Walker" title="Alice Walker">Alice Walker</a> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ironweed_(novel)" title="Ironweed (novel)">Ironweed</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/William_Kennedy_(author)" title="William Kennedy (author)">William Kennedy</a> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_(novel)" title="Foreign Affairs (novel)">Foreign Affairs</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Alison_Lurie" title="Alison Lurie">Alison Lurie</a> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lonesome_Dove" title="Lonesome Dove">Lonesome Dove</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Larry_McMurtry" title="Larry McMurtry">Larry McMurtry</a> (1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Summons_to_Memphis" title="A Summons to Memphis">A Summons to Memphis</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Matthew_Hillsman_Taylor" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Matthew Hillsman Taylor">Peter Taylor</a> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beloved_(novel)" title="Beloved (novel)">Beloved</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a> (1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Breathing_Lessons" title="Breathing Lessons">Breathing Lessons</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Anne_Tyler" title="Anne Tyler">Anne Tyler</a> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mambo_Kings_Play_Songs_of_Love" title="The Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love">The Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Hijuelos" title="Oscar Hijuelos">Oscar Hijuelos</a> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rabbit_at_Rest" title="Rabbit at Rest">Rabbit at Rest</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike">John Updike</a> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Thousand_Acres" title="A Thousand Acres">A Thousand Acres</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Jane_Smiley" title="Jane Smiley">Jane Smiley</a> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Good_Scent_from_a_Strange_Mountain" title="A Good Scent from a Strange Mountain">A Good Scent from a Strange Mountain</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Olen_Butler" title="Robert Olen Butler">Robert Olen Butler</a> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Shipping_News" title="The Shipping News">The Shipping News</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Annie_Proulx" title="Annie Proulx">E. Annie Proulx</a> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Stone_Diaries" title="The Stone Diaries">The Stone Diaries</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Carol_Shields" title="Carol Shields">Carol Shields</a> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(Ford_novel)" title="Independence Day (Ford novel)">Independence Day</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Ford" title="Richard Ford">Richard Ford</a> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Martin_Dressler:_The_Tale_of_an_American_Dreamer" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Dressler: The Tale of an American Dreamer">Martin Dressler: The Tale of an American Dreamer</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Steven_Millhauser" title="Steven Millhauser">Steven Millhauser</a> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Pastoral" title="American Pastoral">American Pastoral</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Philip_Roth" title="Philip Roth">Philip Roth</a> (1998)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Hours</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Cunningham" title="Michael Cunningham">Michael Cunningham</a> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Interpreter_of_Maladies" title="Interpreter of Maladies">Interpreter of Maladies</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Jhumpa_Lahiri" title="Jhumpa Lahiri">Jhumpa Lahiri</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Amazing_Adventures_of_Kavalier_%26_Clay" title="The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay">The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Chabon" title="Michael Chabon">Michael Chabon</a> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Empire_Falls" title="Empire Falls">Empire Falls</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Russo" title="Richard Russo">Richard Russo</a> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Middlesex_(novel)" title="Middlesex (novel)">Middlesex</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Eugenides" title="Jeffrey Eugenides">Jeffrey Eugenides</a> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Known_World" title="The Known World">The Known World</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Edward_P._Jones" title="Edward P. Jones">Edward P. Jones</a> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gilead_(novel)" title="Gilead (novel)">Gilead</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Marilynne_Robinson" title="Marilynne Robinson">Marilynne Robinson</a> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/March_(novel)" title="March (novel)">March</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Brooks_(writer)" title="Geraldine Brooks (writer)">Geraldine Brooks</a> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Road" title="The Road">The Road</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Cormac_McCarthy" title="Cormac McCarthy">Cormac McCarthy</a> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Brief_Wondrous_Life_of_Oscar_Wao" title="The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao">The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Junot_D%C3%ADaz" title="Junot Díaz">Junot Díaz</a> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Olive_Kitteridge" title="Olive Kitteridge">Olive Kitteridge</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Strout" title="Elizabeth Strout">Elizabeth Strout</a> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tinkers_(novel)" title="Tinkers (novel)">Tinkers</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Harding_(author)" title="Paul Harding (author)">Paul Harding</a> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Visit_from_the_Goon_Squad" title="A Visit from the Goon Squad">A Visit from the Goon Squad</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Egan" title="Jennifer Egan">Jennifer Egan</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Pulitzer_Prize" title="2012 Pulitzer Prize">No award given</a> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Orphan_Master%27s_Son" title="The Orphan Master's Son">The Orphan Master's Son</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Adam_Johnson_(writer)" title="Adam Johnson (writer)">Adam Johnson</a> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Goldfinch_(novel)" title="The Goldfinch (novel)">The Goldfinch</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Donna_Tartt" title="Donna Tartt">Donna Tartt</a> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/All_the_Light_We_Cannot_See" title="All the Light We Cannot See">All the Light We Cannot See</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Doerr" title="Anthony Doerr">Anthony Doerr</a> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sympathizer" title="The Sympathizer">The Sympathizer</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Viet_Thanh_Nguyen" title="Viet Thanh Nguyen">Viet Thanh Nguyen</a> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Underground_Railroad_(novel)" title="The Underground Railroad (novel)">The Underground Railroad</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Colson_Whitehead" title="Colson Whitehead">Colson Whitehead</a> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Less_(novel)" title="Less (novel)">Less</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Sean_Greer" title="Andrew Sean Greer">Andrew Sean Greer</a> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Overstory" title="The Overstory">The Overstory</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Powers" title="Richard Powers">Richard Powers</a> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Nickel_Boys" title="The Nickel Boys">The Nickel Boys</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Colson_Whitehead" title="Colson Whitehead">Colson Whitehead</a> (2020)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Night_Watchman_(novel)" title="The Night Watchman (novel)">The Night Watchman</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Louise_Erdrich" title="Louise Erdrich">Louise Erdrich</a> (2021)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Netanyahus" title="The Netanyahus">The Netanyahus</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Cohen_(writer)" title="Joshua Cohen (writer)">Joshua Cohen</a> (2022)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Demon_Copperhead" title="Demon Copperhead">Demon Copperhead</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Kingsolver" title="Barbara Kingsolver">Barbara Kingsolver</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Trust_(novel)" title="Trust (novel)">Trust</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Hernan_Diaz_(writer)" title="Hernan Diaz (writer)">Hernan Diaz</a> (2023)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Night_Watch_(Phillips_novel)" title="Night Watch (Phillips novel)">Night Watch</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Jayne_Anne_Phillips" title="Jayne Anne Phillips">Jayne Anne Phillips</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div 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data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Hours_(novel)&oldid=1259558364">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Hours_(novel)&oldid=1259558364</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1998_American_novels" title="Category:1998 American novels">1998 American novels</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Novels_with_lesbian_themes" title="Category:Novels with lesbian themes">Novels with lesbian themes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Feminist_novels" title="Category:Feminist novels">Feminist novels</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_novels_adapted_into_films" title="Category:American novels adapted into films">American novels adapted into films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Novels_adapted_into_operas" 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