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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ebadi_as_a_lawyer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ebadi as a lawyer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ebadi_as_a_lawyer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Political views</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nobel_Peace_Prize"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Nobel Peace Prize</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nobel_Peace_Prize-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-Nobel_prize" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-Nobel_prize"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Post-Nobel prize</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Post-Nobel_prize-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Post-Nobel prize subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Post-Nobel_prize-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Threats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Threats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Threats</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Threats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seizure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seizure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Seizure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seizure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-Nobel_Prize_timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-Nobel_Prize_timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Post-Nobel Prize timeline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-Nobel_Prize_timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lawsuits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lawsuits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Lawsuits</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Lawsuits-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Lawsuits subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Lawsuits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lawsuit_against_the_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lawsuit_against_the_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Lawsuit against the United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lawsuit_against_the_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Other activities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recognition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recognition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Recognition</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Recognition-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Recognition subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Recognition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honorary_degrees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honorary_degrees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Honorary degrees</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honorary_degrees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books_published" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books_published"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Books published</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books_published-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Shirin Ebadi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 90 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-90" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">90 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Shirin Ebadi" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="شيرين عبادي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شيرين عبادي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D4%B7%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB" title="Շիրին Էպատի – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Շիրին Էպատի" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C2%B7irine_Ebadi" title="Ch·irine Ebadi – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Ch·irine Ebadi" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Shirin Ebadi" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Shirin Ebadi" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eirin_Ebadi" title="Şirin Ebadi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şirin Ebadi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF" title="শিরিন এবাদি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শিরিন এবাদি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Shirin Ebadi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%AD%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Ширин Эбади – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ширин Эбади" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%AD%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96" title="Шырын Эбадзі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Шырын Эбадзі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%AD%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96" title="Шырын Эбадзі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Шырын Эбадзі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%95%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Ширин Ебади – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ширин Ебади" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B7%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8C%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="ཤི་རིན་ཨེ་བྷ་ཌི། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཤི་རིན་ཨེ་བྷ་ཌི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Shirin Ebadi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ir%C3%ADn_Ebadiov%C3%A1" title="Širín Ebadiová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Širín Ebadiová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Shirin Ebadi" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Shirin Ebadi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Shirin Ebadi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C4%ABr%C4%ABn_%E2%80%98Eb%C4%81d%C4%AB" title="Shīrīn ‘Ebādī – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Shīrīn ‘Ebādī" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BD_%CE%95%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9" title="Σιρίν Εμπάντι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σιρίν Εμπάντι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Shirin Ebadi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Cirin_Ebadi" title="Ŝirin Ebadi – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝirin Ebadi" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Shirin Ebadi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="شیرین عبادی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شیرین عبادی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Shirin Ebadi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Shirin Ebadi" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Shirin Ebadi" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%A6%B0_%EC%97%90%EB%B0%94%EB%94%94" title="시린 에바디 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시린 에바디" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Shirin Ebadi" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D4%B7%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%AB" title="Շիրին Էբադի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Շիրին Էբադի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="शिरीन एबादी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शिरीन एबादी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0irin_Ebadi" title="Širin Ebadi – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Širin Ebadi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Shirin Ebadi" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Shirin Ebadi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Shirin Ebadi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Shirin Ebadi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%90%D7%93%D7%99" title="שירין עבאדי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שירין עבאדי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="შირინ ებადი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შირინ ებადი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%AD%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Ширин Эбади – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ширин Эбади" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Shirin Ebadi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9E%C3%AEr%C3%AEn_Ebad%C3%AE" title="Şîrîn Ebadî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Şîrîn Ebadî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Shirin Ebadi" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0irina_Eb%C4%81di" title="Širina Ebādi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Širina Ebādi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirin_Eb%C3%A1di" title="Sirin Ebádi – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sirin Ebádi" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="सिरिन एबादी – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="सिरिन एबादी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BF" title="ഷിറിൻ ഇബാദി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഷിറിൻ ഇബാദി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="शिरीन इबादी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="शिरीन इबादी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%89" title="شيرين عبادى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شيرين عبادى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="شیرین عبادی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="شیرین عبادی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Shirin Ebadi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Shirin Ebadi" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="सिरिन एबादी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सिरिन एबादी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A8%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC" title="シーリーン・エバーディー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シーリーン・エバーディー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Shirin Ebadi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Shirin Ebadi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Shirin Ebadi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%8F%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80" title="ਸ਼ੀਰੀਨ ਏਬਾਦੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸ਼ੀਰੀਨ ਏਬਾਦੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%BA_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="شیریں عبادی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="شیریں عبادی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="شيرين عبادي – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="شيرين عبادي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0irin_Eb%C3%A2di" title="Širin Ebâdi – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Širin Ebâdi" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Shirin Ebadi" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szirin_Ebadi" title="Szirin Ebadi – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Szirin Ebadi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Shirin Ebadi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Shirin Ebadi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Shirin Ebadi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8,_%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Эбади, Ширин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эбади, Ширин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Shirin Ebadi" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shirin Ebadi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Shirin Ebadi" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ir%C3%ADn_Ebadi" title="Širín Ebadi – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Širín Ebadi" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0irin_Ebadi" title="Širin Ebadi – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Širin Ebadi" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="شیرین عیبادی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شیرین عیبادی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%95%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Ширин Ебади – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ширин Ебади" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0irin_Ebadi" title="Širin Ebadi – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Širin Ebadi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Shirin Ebadi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Shirin Ebadi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF" title="சீரீன் இபாதி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சீரீன் இபாதி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%AD%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Ширин Эбади – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ширин Эбади" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%80" title="షిరీన్ ఇబాదీ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="షిరీన్ ఇబాదీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D3%A3" title="Ширин Ибодӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ширин Ибодӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eirin_Ebadi" title="Şirin Ebadi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Şirin Ebadi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8,_%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Эбади, Ширин – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Эбади, Ширин" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%95%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%96" title="Ширін Ебаді – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ширін Ебаді" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%BA_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="شیریں عبادی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شیریں عبادی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Shirin Ebadi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E6%9E%97%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E5%B7%B4%E8%BF%AA" title="希林·伊巴迪 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="希林·伊巴迪" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Shirin Ebadi" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E6%9E%97%E4%BC%8A%E5%B7%B4%E8%BF%AA" title="希林伊巴迪 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="希林伊巴迪" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E6%9E%97%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E5%B7%B4%E8%BF%AA" title="希林·伊巴迪 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="希林·伊巴迪" data-language-autonym="中文" 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Persian-Londoner lawyer, activist (born 1947)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Shirin Ebadi</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="nickname" lang="ps"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">شيرين عبادى</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Shirin_Ebadi_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Shirin_Ebadi_01.jpg/220px-Shirin_Ebadi_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Shirin_Ebadi_01.jpg/330px-Shirin_Ebadi_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Shirin_Ebadi_01.jpg/440px-Shirin_Ebadi_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2065" data-file-height="2329" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Ebadi in 2017</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1947-06-21</span>) </span>21 June 1947<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 77)</span><sup id="cite_ref-O'NeilCity2007_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'NeilCity2007-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Hamadan" title="Hamadan">Hamadan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_Iran" title="Pahlavi Iran">Iran</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">Iranian<sup id="cite_ref-N_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Tehran" title="University of Tehran">University of Tehran</a><sup id="cite_ref-Kinnear2011_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kinnear2011-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Lawyer</li><li>judge</li></ul></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Defenders_of_Human_Rights_Center" title="Defenders of Human Rights Center">Defenders of Human Rights Center</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thorolf_Rafto_Memorial_Prize" title="Thorolf Rafto Memorial Prize">Rafto Prize</a> (2001)<br /><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> (2003)<br /><a href="/wiki/Interfaith_Center_of_New_York" title="Interfaith Center of New York">JPM Interfaith Award</a> (2004)<br /><a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">Legion of Honour</a> (2006)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shirin_Ebadi_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Shirin_Ebadi_Signature.svg/100px-Shirin_Ebadi_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Shirin_Ebadi_Signature.svg/150px-Shirin_Ebadi_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Shirin_Ebadi_Signature.svg/200px-Shirin_Ebadi_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="380" data-file-height="184" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Shirin Ebadi</b> (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">شيرين عبادى</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Persian" title="Romanization of Persian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">Širin Ebādi</i></span>; born 21 June 1947) is an Iranian <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_by_country" title="List of Nobel laureates by country">Nobel laureate</a>, lawyer, writer, teacher and a former judge and founder of the <a href="/wiki/Defenders_of_Human_Rights_Center" title="Defenders of Human Rights Center">Defenders of Human Rights Center</a> in Iran. In 2003, Ebadi was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> for her pioneering efforts for democracy and <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights" title="Women's rights">women's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_rights" title="Children's rights">children's</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Right_of_asylum" title="Right of asylum">refugee rights</a>. She was the first Muslim woman and the first Iranian to receive the award.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She has lived in exile in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> since 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_early_career_as_a_judge">Life and early career as a judge</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shirin_Ebadi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life and early career as a judge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ebadi was born in <a href="/wiki/Hamadan" title="Hamadan">Hamadan</a> into an educated <a href="/wiki/Persians" title="Persians">Persian</a> family. Her father, Mohammad Ali Ebadi, was the city's chief <a href="/wiki/Notary_public" title="Notary public">notary public</a> and a professor of <a href="/wiki/Commercial_law" title="Commercial law">commercial law</a>. Her mother, Minu Yamini,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a homemaker. She was of <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Jews" title="Iranian Jews">Jewish</a> descent.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When she was an infant, her family moved to Tehran. Before earning a law degree from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tehran" title="University of Tehran">University of Tehran</a> Ebadi attended Anoshiravn Dadgar and Reza Shah Kabir schools.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She was admitted to the law department of the University of Tehran in 1965 and 1969; upon graduation, she passed the qualification exams to become a judge. After a six-month <a href="/wiki/Internship" title="Internship">internship</a> period<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup"><span title="This statement is inconsistent with other parts of the article.">inconsistent</span></a></i>]</sup>, she officially became a judge in March 1969. She continued her studies at the University of Tehran to pursue a doctorate in law; in 1971, one of her professors was <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Shehabi_Khorassani" title="Mahmoud Shehabi Khorassani">Mahmoud Shehabi Khorassani</a>. In 1975, she became the first female president of the Tehran city court and served until the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian Revolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UofA_2004_bio_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UofA_2004_bio-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was one of the first female judges in Iran.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_Profile_2009_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_Profile_2009-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UofA_2004_bio_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UofA_2004_bio-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-theguardian_Shirin_Ebadi_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theguardian_Shirin_Ebadi-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the 1979 Revolution women were no longer allowed to serve as judges and she was dismissed and given a new job as a clerk in the court she had presided over.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later, despite already having a <a href="/wiki/Law_office" class="mw-redirect" title="Law office">law office</a> permit her applications were repeatedly rejected, and Ebadi was unable to practice law until 1993. She used this free time to write books and many articles in Iranian <a href="/wiki/Periodical" class="mw-redirect" title="Periodical">periodicals</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kinnear2011_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kinnear2011-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ebadi_as_a_lawyer">Ebadi as a lawyer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shirin_Ebadi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ebadi as a lawyer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shirinebadi001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Shirinebadi001.jpg/220px-Shirinebadi001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Shirinebadi001.jpg/330px-Shirinebadi001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Shirinebadi001.jpg/440px-Shirinebadi001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="818" data-file-height="997" /></a><figcaption>Shirin Ebadi at a WSIS press conference</figcaption></figure> <p>By 2004, Ebadi was lecturing law at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tehran" title="University of Tehran">University of Tehran</a> while practicing law in Iran.<sup id="cite_ref-UofA_2004_bio_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UofA_2004_bio-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She is a campaigner for strengthening the legal status of children and women, and her work on women's rights played a key role in the May 1997 landslide presidential election of the reformist <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Khatami" title="Mohammad Khatami">Mohammad Khatami</a>. </p><p>As a lawyer, she is known for taking up <i><a href="/wiki/Pro_bono" title="Pro bono">pro bono</a></i> cases of dissident figures who have fallen foul of the judiciary. Among her clients were the family of <a href="/wiki/Dariush_Forouhar" title="Dariush Forouhar">Dariush Forouhar</a>, a dissident intellectual and politician who was found stabbed to death – along with his wife, <a href="/wiki/Parvaneh_Forouhar" title="Parvaneh Forouhar">Parvaneh Eskandari</a> – in their home. </p><p>The couple was among several dissidents who died in <a href="/wiki/Chain_murders_of_Iran" title="Chain murders of Iran">a spate of gruesome murders</a> that terrorized Iran's intellectual community. Suspicion fell on extremist hard-liners determined to stop the more liberal climate fostered by <a href="/wiki/President_Khatami" class="mw-redirect" title="President Khatami">President Khatami</a>, who championed freedom of speech. The murders were found to be committed by a team of employees of the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Ministry_of_Intelligence" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Ministry of Intelligence">Iranian Ministry of Intelligence</a>, whose head, <a href="/wiki/Saeed_Emami" title="Saeed Emami">Saeed Emami</a>, allegedly committed suicide in jail before being brought to court. </p><p>Ebadi also represented the family of <a href="/wiki/Ezzat_Ebrahim-Nejad" title="Ezzat Ebrahim-Nejad">Ezzat Ebrahim-Nejad</a>, who was killed in the <a href="/wiki/Iran_student_protests,_July_1999" class="mw-redirect" title="Iran student protests, July 1999">Iranian student protests</a> in July 1999. In 2000 Ebadi was accused of manipulating the videotaped confession of <a href="/wiki/Amir_Farshad_Ebrahimi" title="Amir Farshad Ebrahimi">Amir Farshad Ebrahimi</a>, a former member of the <a href="/wiki/Ansar-e_Hezbollah" title="Ansar-e Hezbollah">Ansar-e Hezbollah</a>. Ebrahimi confessed his involvement in attacks by the organization on the orders of high-level conservative authorities, including the killing of <a href="/wiki/Ezzat_Ebrahim-Nejad" title="Ezzat Ebrahim-Nejad">Ezzat Ebrahim-Nejad</a> and attacks against members of President Khatami's cabinet. Ebadi claimed that she had only videotaped Amir Farshad Ebrahimi's confessions to present them to the court. This case was named "Tape makers" by hardliners who questioned the credibility of his videotaped deposition and his motives. Ebadi and another lawyer, Rohami were sentenced to five years in jail and suspension of their law licenses for sending Ebrahimi's videotaped deposition to President Khatami and the head of the <a href="/wiki/Judicial_system_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Judicial system of Iran">Islamic judiciary</a>. The Islamic judiciary's supreme court later vacated the sentences, but they did not forgive Ebarahimi's videotaped confession and sentenced him to 48 months in jail, including 16 months in solitary confinement.<sup id="cite_ref-Nobel_Biography_Ebadi_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nobel_Biography_Ebadi-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nobel_Ebadi_facts_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nobel_Ebadi_facts-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nobel_Ebadi_other_resources_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nobel_Ebadi_other_resources-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This case brought an increased focus on Iran from human rights groups abroad. </p><p>Ebadi has also defended various <a href="/wiki/Child_abuse" title="Child abuse">child abuse</a> cases, including the case of Arian Golshani,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a child who was abused for years and then beaten to death by her father and stepbrother. This case gained international attention and caused controversy in Iran. Ebadi used this case to highlight Iran's problematic child custody laws, whereby custody of children in divorce is usually given to the father, even in the case of Arian, where her mother had told the court that the father was abusive and had begged for custody of her daughter. Ebadi also handled the case of Leila, a teenage girl who was gang-raped and murdered. Leila's family became homeless, trying to cover the costs of the execution of the perpetrators owed to the government because, in the Islamic Republic of Iran, it is the victim's family's responsibility to pay to restore their honor when a girl is raped by paying the government to execute the perpetrator. Ebadi was not able to achieve victory in this case. Still, she brought international attention to this problematic law.<sup id="cite_ref-Ebadi,_Shirin_2007_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ebadi,_Shirin_2007-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ebadi also handled a few cases dealing with bans of periodicals (including the cases of <a href="/wiki/Habibollah_Peyman" title="Habibollah Peyman">Habibollah Peyman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abbas_Marufi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbas Marufi">Abbas Marufi</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Faraj_Sarkouhi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faraj Sarkouhi (page does not exist)">Faraj Sarkouhi</a>). She has also established two non-governmental organizations in Iran with Western funding, the <i>Society for Protecting the Rights of the Child</i> (SPRC) (1994) and the <a href="/wiki/Defenders_of_Human_Rights_Center" title="Defenders of Human Rights Center">Defenders of Human Rights Center</a> (DHRC) in 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_Profile_2009_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_Profile_2009-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nobel_Biography_Ebadi_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nobel_Biography_Ebadi-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She also helped in the drafting of the original text of a law against <a href="/wiki/Physical_abuse" title="Physical abuse">physical abuse</a> of children, which was passed by the <a href="/wiki/Majlis_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Majlis of Iran">Iranian parliament</a> in 2002. Female members of Parliament also asked Ebadi to draft a law explaining how a woman's right to divorce her husband is in line with Sharia (Islamic Law). Ebadi presented the bill before the government, but the male members made her leave without considering the bill, according to Ebadi's memoir.<sup id="cite_ref-Ebadi,_Shirin_2007_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ebadi,_Shirin_2007-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_views">Political views</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shirin_Ebadi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Political views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In her book <i>Iran Awakening</i>, Ebadi explains her political/religious views on Islam, democracy and gender equality: </p> <blockquote><p>In the last 23 years, from the day I was stripped of my judgeship to the years of doing battle in the revolutionary courts of Tehran, I had repeated one refrain: an interpretation of Islam that is in harmony with equality and democracy is an authentic expression of faith. Not religion binds women, but the selective dictates of those who wish them cloistered. That belief and the conviction that change in Iran must come peacefully and from within has underpinned my work.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>At the same time, Ebadi expresses a nationalist love of Iran and has criticized the policies and actions of Western countries. She opposed the pro-Western <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi" title="Mohammad Reza Pahlavi">Shah</a>, initially supported the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Islamic Revolution</a>, and remembers the <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a>'s <a href="/wiki/1953_Iranian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1953 Iranian coup d'état">1953 overthrow</a> of prime minister <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Mosaddeq" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad Mosaddeq">Mohammad Mosaddeq</a> with rage.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At a press conference shortly after the Peace Prize announcement, Ebadi explicitly rejected foreign interference in the country's affairs: "The fight for human rights is conducted in Iran by the Iranian people, and we are against any foreign intervention in Iran."<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Subsequently, Ebadi openly defended the Islamic regime's nuclear development program: </p> <blockquote><p>Aside from being economically justified, it has become a cause of national pride for an old nation with a glorious history. No Iranian government, regardless of its ideology or democratic credentials, would dare to stop the program.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>However, in a 2012 interview, Ebadi stated: </p> <blockquote><p>The [Iranian] people want to stop enrichment, but the government doesn't listen. Iran is situated on a fault line, and people are scared of a <a href="/wiki/Fukushima_Daiichi_nuclear_disaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster">Fukushima</a> type of situation happening. We want peace, security, and economic welfare, and we cannot forgo all of our other rights for nuclear energy. The government claims it is not making a bomb. But I am not a member of the government, so I cannot speak to this directly. The fear is that if they do, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> will be wiped out. If the Iranian people are able to topple the government, this could improve the situation. [In 2009] the people of Iran rose up and were badly suppressed. Right now, Iran is the country with the most journalists in prison. This is the price people are paying.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Concerning the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a>, in 2010, Shirin Ebadi, was one of four Peace Prize laureates supporting legislation requiring the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California" title="University of California">University of California</a> to divest itself from any companies providing technology to the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a>, who (bill supporters declared) were engaged in <a href="/wiki/War_crimes" class="mw-redirect" title="War crimes">war crimes</a>. (The legislation was supported by the Associated Students of the University of California).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> Since the victory of <a href="/wiki/Hassan_Rouhani" title="Hassan Rouhani">Hassan Rouhani</a> in the 2013 Iranian presidential election, Shirin Ebadi has expressed her worry about the growing human rights violations in her homeland. Ebadi, in her Dec. 2013 speech at Human Rights Day seminar at <a href="/wiki/Leiden_University" title="Leiden University">Leiden University</a> angrily said: "I will shut up, but the problems of Iran will not be solved".<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2015, speaking on the subject of the Western campaign against the Sunni extremist group <a href="/wiki/ISIL_(militant_group)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIL (militant group)">ISIL</a> in Syria and Iraq, Ebadi expressed her desire that the Western world spend money funding education and an end to corruption rather than fighting with guns and bombs. She reasoned that because the Islamic State stems from an ideology based on a "wrong interpretation of Islam", the physical force will not end ISIS because it will not end its beliefs.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, in an interview with Bloomberg, Ebadi stated her belief that the Islamic Republic has reached a point of which it is now un-reformable. Ebadi called for a referendum on the Islamic Republic.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nobel_Peace_Prize">Nobel Peace Prize <span class="anchor" id="Nobel_Peace_Prize"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shirin_Ebadi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Nobel Peace Prize"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 10 October 2003, Ebadi was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> for her efforts for democracy and human rights, especially for the rights of women and children.<sup id="cite_ref-N_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The selection committee praised her as a "courageous person" who "has never heeded the threat to her own safety".<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Now she travels abroad lecturing in the West. She is against a policy of forced regime change.<sup id="cite_ref-speech_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-speech-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The decision of the Nobel committee surprised some observers<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (May 2020)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> worldwide. <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> had been predicted to win the Peace Prize amid speculation that he was nearing death. The era in which her prize was granted has been called one "when there still seemed a chance of something resembling a détente" between the U.S. and Iran (according to Associate Press).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She presented a book entitled <i>Democracy, human rights, and Islam in modern Iran: Psychological, social and cultural perspectives</i> to the Nobel Committee. The volume documents the historical and cultural basis of democracy and human rights from <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great" title="Cyrus the Great">Cyrus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Darius_the_Great" title="Darius the Great">Darius</a>, 2,500 years ago to <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Mossadeq" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad Mossadeq">Mohammad Mossadeq</a>, the prime minister of modern Iran who <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Mosaddegh#Support_for_oil_nationalisation" title="Mohammad Mosaddegh">nationalized the oil industry</a>. </p><p>In her acceptance speech, Ebadi criticized repression in Iran and insisted that Islam was compatible with democracy, human rights and freedom of opinion.<sup id="cite_ref-speech_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-speech-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same speech she also criticized <a href="/wiki/US_foreign_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="US foreign policy">US foreign policy</a>, particularly the <a href="/wiki/War_on_terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="War on terrorism">War on terrorism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-speech_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-speech-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was the first Iranian and the first Muslim woman to receive the prize.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_Profile_2009_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_Profile_2009-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thousands greeted her at the airport when she returned from Paris after receiving the news that she had won the prize. The response to the Award in Iran was mixed—enthusiastic supporters greeted her at the airport upon her return, the conservative media underplayed it, and then-Iranian President Mohammad Khatami criticized it as political.<sup id="cite_ref-atimes_2003_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atimes_2003-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ebadi,_Shirin_2007_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ebadi,_Shirin_2007-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Iran, officials of the Islamic Republic were either silent or critical of the selection of Ebadi, calling it a political act by a pro-Western institution and were also critical when Ebadi did not cover her hair at the Nobel award ceremony.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> IRNA reported the Nobel committee's decision in few lines that the evening newspapers and the Iranian state media waited hours to report —and then only as the last item on the radio news update.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reformist officials are said to have "generally welcomed the award", but "come under attack for doing so."<sup id="cite_ref-news.bbc.co.uk_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-news.bbc.co.uk-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reformist president <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Khatami" title="Mohammad Khatami">Mohammad Khatami</a> did not officially congratulate Ms. Ebadi and stated that although the scientific Nobels are important, the Peace Prize is "not very important" and was awarded to Ebadi on the basis of "totally political criteria".<sup id="cite_ref-news.bbc.co.uk_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-news.bbc.co.uk-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vice President <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ali_Abtahi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad Ali Abtahi">Mohammad Ali Abtahi</a>, the only official to initially congratulate Ebadi, defended the president saying "abusing the President's words about Ms. Ebadi is tantamount to abusing the prize bestowed on her for political considerations".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 2009, Norway's Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Jonas_Gahr_St%C3%B8re" title="Jonas Gahr Støre">Jonas Gahr Støre</a>, published a statement reporting that Ebadi's Nobel Peace Prize had been confiscated by Iranian authorities and that "This [was] the first time a Nobel Peace Prize ha[d] been confiscated by national authorities."<sup id="cite_ref-reuters_Norway_Nobel_confiscated_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters_Norway_Nobel_confiscated-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Iran denied the charges.<sup id="cite_ref-Iran_Denies_It_Confiscated_Ebadi's_Nobel_Medal_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iran_Denies_It_Confiscated_Ebadi's_Nobel_Medal-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-Nobel_prize">Post-Nobel prize</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shirin_Ebadi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Post-Nobel prize"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nobel_Peace_Prize_Laureate_Shirin_Ebadi_(5413782624).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Nobel_Peace_Prize_Laureate_Shirin_Ebadi_%285413782624%29.jpg/220px-Nobel_Peace_Prize_Laureate_Shirin_Ebadi_%285413782624%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Nobel_Peace_Prize_Laureate_Shirin_Ebadi_%285413782624%29.jpg/330px-Nobel_Peace_Prize_Laureate_Shirin_Ebadi_%285413782624%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Nobel_Peace_Prize_Laureate_Shirin_Ebadi_%285413782624%29.jpg/440px-Nobel_Peace_Prize_Laureate_Shirin_Ebadi_%285413782624%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2144" data-file-height="1424" /></a><figcaption>UK Foreign Office Minister <a href="/wiki/Alistair_Burt" title="Alistair Burt">Alistair Burt</a> meeting Ebadi in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, 3 February 2011</figcaption></figure> <p>Since receiving the Nobel Prize, Ebadi has lectured, taught and received awards in different countries, issued statements and defended people accused of political crimes in Iran. She has traveled to and spoken to audiences in India, the United States, and other countries; released her autobiography in an English translation. With five other Nobel laureates, she created the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Women%27s_Initiative" title="Nobel Women's Initiative">Nobel Women's Initiative</a> to promote peace, justice, and equality for women.<sup id="cite_ref-Kinnear2011_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kinnear2011-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, Ebadi called for a treaty to end violence against women, in support of Every Woman Coalition.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Threats">Threats</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shirin_Ebadi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Threats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 2008, she told <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a> news agency that <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Iran" title="Human rights in Iran">Iran's human rights record</a> had regressed in the past two years<sup id="cite_ref-in.reuters.com_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-in.reuters.com-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and agreed to defend <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaran_(Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yaran (Baháʼí) (page does not exist)">Baháʼís arrested in Iran in May 2008</a>. </p><p>In April 2008, Ebadi released a statement saying: "Threats against my life and security and those of my family, which began some time ago, have intensified", and that the threats warned her against making speeches abroad and to stop defending Iran's <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="Persecution of Baháʼís">persecuted Baháʼí community</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_News_Agency" title="Islamic Republic News Agency">IRNA news agency</a> published an article attacking Ebadi's links to the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a> and accused her of seeking support from the West. It also criticized Ebadi for defending homosexuals, appearing without the Islamic headscarf abroad, questioning Islamic punishments, and "defending <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a> agents".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It accused her daughter, Nargess Tavassolian, of conversion to the Baháʼí faith, a capital offense in the Islamic Republic. However Shirin Ebadi has denied it, saying, "I am proud to say that my family and I are Shiites,"<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her daughter believes "the government wanted to scare my mother with this scenario." Ebadi believes the attacks are in retaliation for her agreeing to defend the families of the seven Baháʼís arrested in May.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2008, Iranian police shut down the office of a human rights group led by her.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another human rights group, Human Rights Watch, has said it was "extremely worried" about Ebadi's safety.,<sup id="cite_ref-BBCraid_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCraid-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in December 2009 issued a statement demanding the Islamic Republic "stop harassing" her.<sup id="cite_ref-harassing-hrw_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harassing-hrw-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among many other complaints, the group accused the IRI of detaining "Ebadi's husband and sister for questioning and threatened them with losing their jobs and eventual arrest if Ebadi continues her human rights advocacy."<sup id="cite_ref-harassing-hrw_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harassing-hrw-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seizure">Seizure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shirin_Ebadi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Seizure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ebadi said while in London in late November 2009 that her Nobel Peace Prize medal and diploma had been taken from their bank box alongside her <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur" class="mw-redirect" title="Légion d'honneur">Légion d'honneur</a></span></span> and a ring she had received from Germany's association of journalists.<sup id="cite_ref-Shirin_Ebadi_Nobel_Peace_Prize_medal_'seized_by_Iran'_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shirin_Ebadi_Nobel_Peace_Prize_medal_'seized_by_Iran'-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She said they had been taken by the Revolutionary Court approximately three weeks previously.<sup id="cite_ref-Shirin_Ebadi_Nobel_Peace_Prize_medal_'seized_by_Iran'_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shirin_Ebadi_Nobel_Peace_Prize_medal_'seized_by_Iran'-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ebadi also said her bank account was frozen by authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-Shirin_Ebadi_Nobel_Peace_Prize_medal_'seized_by_Iran'_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shirin_Ebadi_Nobel_Peace_Prize_medal_'seized_by_Iran'-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Iran_confiscates_Shirin_Ebadi's_Nobel_Peace_Prize_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iran_confiscates_Shirin_Ebadi's_Nobel_Peace_Prize-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ebadi_defiant_despite_Iran_assets_seizure_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ebadi_defiant_despite_Iran_assets_seizure-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Norwegian Minister of Foreign Affairs <a href="/wiki/Jonas_Gahr_St%C3%B8re" title="Jonas Gahr Støre">Jonas Gahr Støre</a> expressed his "shock and disbelief" at the incident.<sup id="cite_ref-Shirin_Ebadi_Nobel_Peace_Prize_medal_'seized_by_Iran'_47-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shirin_Ebadi_Nobel_Peace_Prize_medal_'seized_by_Iran'-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Iranian foreign ministry subsequently denied the confiscation, and also criticized Norway for interfering in Iran's affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-Iran_denies_it_confiscated_Ebadi's_Nobel_medal_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iran_denies_it_confiscated_Ebadi's_Nobel_medal-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-Nobel_Prize_timeline">Post-Nobel Prize timeline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shirin_Ebadi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Post-Nobel Prize timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid 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class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>is in <a href="/wiki/MOS:LIST" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:LIST">list</a> format but may read better as <a href="/wiki/MOS:PROSE" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:PROSE">prose</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shirin_Ebadi&action=edit">converting this section</a>, if appropriate. <a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing help</a> is available.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2021</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shirin-Ebadi-Amsterdam-2011-Photo-by-Persian-Dutch-Network.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Shirin-Ebadi-Amsterdam-2011-Photo-by-Persian-Dutch-Network.jpg/220px-Shirin-Ebadi-Amsterdam-2011-Photo-by-Persian-Dutch-Network.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Shirin-Ebadi-Amsterdam-2011-Photo-by-Persian-Dutch-Network.jpg/330px-Shirin-Ebadi-Amsterdam-2011-Photo-by-Persian-Dutch-Network.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Shirin-Ebadi-Amsterdam-2011-Photo-by-Persian-Dutch-Network.jpg/440px-Shirin-Ebadi-Amsterdam-2011-Photo-by-Persian-Dutch-Network.jpg 2x" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="481" /></a><figcaption>Shirin Ebadi during a lecture – organized by <a href="/wiki/University_of_Amsterdam" title="University of Amsterdam">University of Amsterdam</a>, 7 November 2011</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>2003 (November) – She declared that she would provide legal representation for the family of the murdered Canadian freelance photographer <a href="/wiki/Zahra_Kazemi" title="Zahra Kazemi">Zahra Kazemi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The trial was halted in July 2004, prompting Ebadi and her team to leave the court in protest that their witnesses had not been heard.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2004 (January) – During the <a href="/wiki/World_Social_Forum" title="World Social Forum">World Social Forum</a> in Bombay Ebadi, speaking at a small girls' school run by the NGO "Sahyog", proposed that 30 January (the day <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a> <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Assassination of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi">was assassinated</a>) be observed as International Day of Non-Violence. This proposal was brought to her by school children in Paris by their Indian teacher Akshay Bakaya. Three years later, Sonia Gandhi and Archbishop Desmond Tutu relayed the idea at the Delhi <a href="/wiki/Satyagraha" title="Satyagraha">Satyagraha</a> Convention in January 2007, preferring however to propose Gandhi's birthday on 2 October. The <a href="/wiki/UN_General_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="UN General Assembly">UN General Assembly</a> on 15 June 2007 adopted 2 October as the <a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Non-Violence" title="International Day of Non-Violence">International Day of Non-Violence</a>.</li> <li>2004 – Ebadi was listed by <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i> magazine as one of the "100 most powerful women in the world".<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She is also included in a published list of the "100 most influential women of all time".<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2005 Spring – Ebadi taught a course on "Islam and <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Human Rights">Human Rights</a>" at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Arizona" title="University of Arizona">University of Arizona</a>'s <a href="/wiki/James_E._Rogers_College_of_Law" title="James E. Rogers College of Law">James E. Rogers College of Law</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona" title="Tucson, Arizona">Tucson</a>, Arizona.</li> <li>2005 (12 May) – Ebadi delivered an address on Senior Class Day at <a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_University" title="Vanderbilt University">Vanderbilt University</a>, Nashville, Tennessee. Vanderbilt Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Gee" class="mw-redirect" title="Gordon Gee">Gordon Gee</a> presented Ebadi with the Chancellor's Medal for her human rights work.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2005 – Ebadi was voted the world's 12th leading public intellectual in <i>The 2005 Global Intellectuals Poll</i> by <i><a href="/wiki/Prospect_(magazine)" title="Prospect (magazine)">Prospect</a></i> (UK).</li> <li>2006 – <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a> released her first book for a Western audience, <i>Iran Awakening: A Memoir of Revolution and Hope</i>, with <a href="/wiki/Azadeh_Moaveni" title="Azadeh Moaveni">Azadeh Moaveni</a>. A reading of the book was serialized as <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Week" title="Book of the Week">Book of the Week</a></i> in September 2006. American novelist <a href="/wiki/David_Ebershoff" title="David Ebershoff">David Ebershoff</a> was the book's editor.</li> <li>2006 – Ebadi was one of the founders of The <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Women%27s_Initiative" title="Nobel Women's Initiative">Nobel Women's Initiative</a> along with sister Nobel Peace laureates <a href="/wiki/Betty_Williams_(Nobel_laureate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Betty Williams (Nobel laureate)">Betty Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mairead_Corrigan_Maguire" class="mw-redirect" title="Mairead Corrigan Maguire">Mairead Corrigan Maguire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wangari_Maathai" class="mw-redirect" title="Wangari Maathai">Wangari Maathai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jody_Williams" title="Jody Williams">Jody Williams</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rigoberta_Mench%C3%BA_Tum" class="mw-redirect" title="Rigoberta Menchú Tum">Rigoberta Menchú Tum</a>. Six women representing North America and South America, Europe, the Middle East and Africa decided to bring together their experiences in a united effort for peace with justice and equality. The Nobel Women's Initiative aims to help strengthen work being done in support of <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights" title="Women's rights">women's rights</a> worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2007 (17 May) – Ebadi announced that she would defend the Iranian American scholar <a href="/wiki/Haleh_Esfandiari" title="Haleh Esfandiari">Haleh Esfandiari</a>, who is jailed in Tehran.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2008 (March) – Ebadi tells Reuters news agency that Iran's human rights record had regressed in the past two years.<sup id="cite_ref-in.reuters.com_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-in.reuters.com-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2008 (14 April) – Ebadi released a statement saying, "Threats against my life and security and those of my family, which began some time ago, have intensified", and that the threats warned her against making speeches abroad and against defending Iran's <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="Persecution of Baháʼís">persecuted Baháʼí community</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2008 (June) – Ebadi volunteered to be the lawyer for the arrested Baháʼí leadership of Iran in June.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2008 (7 August) – Ebadi announced<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>via</i> the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muslim_Network_for_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Rights&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muslim Network for Baháʼí Rights (page does not exist)">Muslim Network for Baháʼí Rights</a> that she would defend in court the seven Baháʼí leaders arrested in the spring.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2008 (1 September) – Ebadi published her book <i>Refugee Rights in Iran</i> exposing the lack of rights given to <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghan</a> refugees living in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>.</li> <li>2008 (21 December) – Ebadi's office of the Center for the Defense of Human Rights was raided and closed.<sup id="cite_ref-hrr2008i_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hrr2008i-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2008 (29 December) – Islamic authorities close Ebadi's Center for Defenders of Human Rights, raiding her private office, seizing her computers and files.<sup id="cite_ref-MOAVENI_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOAVENI-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Worldwide condemnation of raid.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCraid_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCraid-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hrr2008i_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hrr2008i-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2009 (1 January) – Pro-regime "demonstrators" attack Ebadi's home and office.<sup id="cite_ref-MOAVENI_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOAVENI-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2009 (12 June) – Ebadi was at a seminar in Spain at the time of <a href="/wiki/Iranian_presidential_election,_2009" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian presidential election, 2009">Iranian presidential election</a>. "[W]hen the crackdown began colleagues told her not to come home" and as of October 2009 she has not returned to Iran.<sup id="cite_ref-fletcher_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fletcher-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2009 (16 June) – In the midst of <a href="/wiki/2009_Iranian_election_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2009 Iranian election protests">nationwide protests</a> against the very surprising and highly suspect <a href="/wiki/Iranian_presidential_election,_2009" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian presidential election, 2009">election</a> results giving incumbent <a href="/wiki/President_of_Iran" title="President of Iran">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Ahmadinejad" title="Mahmoud Ahmadinejad">Mahmoud Ahmadinejad</a> a landslide victory, Ebadi calls for new elections in an interview with <a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Free Europe">Radio Free Europe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2009 (24 September) – Touring abroad to lobby international leaders and highlight the Islamic regime's human rights abuses since June, Ebadi criticizes the British government for putting talks on the Islamic regime's nuclear program ahead of protesting its brutal suppression of opposition. Noting the British Ambassador attended President Ahmadinejad's inauguration, she said, "`That's when I felt that human rights were being neglected. ... Undemocratic countries are more dangerous than a nuclear bomb. It's undemocratic countries that jeopardize international peace.`" She calls for "the downgrading of Western embassies, the withdrawal of ambassadors and the freezing of the assets of Iran's leaders."<sup id="cite_ref-fletcher_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fletcher-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2009 (November) – The Iranian authorities seize Ebadi's Nobel medal together with other belongings from her safe-deposit box.<sup id="cite_ref-ap1_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ap1-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2009 (29 December) – Ebadi's sister Noushin Ebadi was detained apparently to silence Ebadi who is abroad.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "She was neither politically active nor had a role in any rally. It's necessary to point out that in the past two months she had been summoned several times to the Intelligence Ministry, who told her to persuade me to give up my human rights activities. I have been arrested solely because of my activities in human rights," Ebadi said.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2010 (June) – Ebadi's husband denounced her on state television. According to Ebadi this was a coerced confession after his arrest and torture.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2012 (26 January) — in a statement released by the <a href="/wiki/International_Campaign_for_Human_Rights_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="International Campaign for Human Rights in Iran">International Campaign for Human Rights in Iran</a>, Ebadi called on "all freedom-loving people across the globe" to work for the release of three opposition leaders — <a href="/wiki/Zahra_Rahnavard" title="Zahra Rahnavard">Zahra Rahnavard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mir_Hossein_Mousavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mir Hossein Mousavi">Mir Hossein Mousavi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mehdi_Karroubi" title="Mehdi Karroubi">Mehdi Karroubi</a> — who have been confined to house arrest for nearly a year.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lawsuits">Lawsuits</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shirin_Ebadi&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Lawsuits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lawsuit_against_the_United_States">Lawsuit against the United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shirin_Ebadi&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Lawsuit against the United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2004, Ebadi filed a lawsuit against the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">U.S. Department of Treasury</a> because of restrictions she faced over publishing her memoir in the United States. American trade laws prohibit writers from <a href="/wiki/Rogue_state#United_States_usage" title="Rogue state">embargoed countries</a>. The law also banned American literary agent Wendy Strothman from working with Ebadi. <a href="/wiki/Azar_Nafisi" title="Azar Nafisi">Azar Nafisi</a> wrote a letter in support of Ebadi. Nafisi said that the law infringes on the <a href="/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="First Amendment to the United States Constitution">First Amendment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a lengthy legal battle, Ebadi won and was able to publish her memoir in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_activities">Other activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shirin_Ebadi&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Other activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruchira_Gupta" title="Ruchira Gupta">Apne Aap Women Worldwide</a>, Co-Chair of the International Advisory Board<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurora_Prize_for_Awakening_Humanity" title="Aurora Prize for Awakening Humanity">Aurora Prize</a>, Member of the Selection Committee (since 2015)<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_for_Peace_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Business for Peace Foundation">Business for Peace Award Committee</a>, Member (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reporters_Without_Borders" title="Reporters Without Borders">Reporters Without Borders</a> (RWB), Member of the Emeritus Board<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholars_at_Risk" title="Scholars at Risk">Scholars at Risk</a> (SAR), Member of the Ambassadors Council<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_International_Human_Rights_Award" title="Nuremberg International Human Rights Award">Nuremberg International Human Rights Award</a>, Member of the Jury (2004–2020)<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recognition">Recognition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shirin_Ebadi&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Recognition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awards">Awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shirin_Ebadi&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Awarded plate by <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>, 1996</li> <li>Official spectator of Human Rights Watch, 1996</li> <li>Awarded <a href="/wiki/Rafto_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Rafto Prize">Rafto Prize</a>, Human Rights Prize in Norway, 2001</li> <li>Nobel Peace Prize in October 2003</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_eNews" title="Women's eNews">Women's eNews</a> 21 Leaders for the 21st Century Award, 2004</li> <li>International Democracy Award, 2004</li> <li>James Parks Morton Interfaith Award from the <a href="/wiki/Interfaith_Center_of_New_York" title="Interfaith Center of New York">Interfaith Center of New York</a>, 2004</li> <li>‘Lawyer of the Year’ award, 2004</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Irvine" title="University of California, Irvine">UCI</a> Citizen Peacebuilding Award, 2005</li> <li>The Golden Plate Award by the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Achievement" title="Academy of Achievement">American Academy of Achievement</a>, 2005<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur" class="mw-redirect" title="Légion d'honneur">Legion of Honor award</a>, 2006</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toleranzpreis_der_Evangelischen_Akademie_Tutzing" title="Toleranzpreis der Evangelischen Akademie Tutzing">Toleranzpreis der Evangelischen Akademie Tutzing</a>, 2008</li> <li>Award for the Global Defence of Human Rights, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110723170028/http://www.internationalservice.org.uk/what_we_do/development_awareness/human_rights_awards/awards_2009/dr_shirin_ebadi.aspx">International Service Human Rights Award</a>, 2009</li> <li>Wolfgang Friedmann Memorial Award, <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Journal_of_Transnational_Law" title="Columbia Journal of Transnational Law">Columbia Journal of Transnational Law</a>, 2013</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Honorary_degrees">Honorary degrees</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shirin_Ebadi&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Honorary degrees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Doctor of Laws, <a href="/wiki/Williams_College" title="Williams College">Williams College</a>, 2004<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Doctor of Laws, <a href="/wiki/Brown_University" title="Brown University">Brown University</a>, 2004</li> <li>Doctor of Laws, <a href="/wiki/University_of_British_Columbia" title="University of British Columbia">University of British Columbia</a>, 2004</li> <li>Honorary doctorate, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland,_College_Park" title="University of Maryland, College Park">University of Maryland, College Park</a>, 2004</li> <li>Honorary doctorate, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a>, 2004</li> <li>Honorary doctorate, <a href="/wiki/Simon_Fraser_University" title="Simon Fraser University">Simon Fraser University</a>, 2004</li> <li>Honorary doctorate, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Akureyri" title="University of Akureyri">University of Akureyri</a>, 2004</li> <li>Honorary doctorate, <a href="/wiki/Australian_Catholic_University" title="Australian Catholic University">Australian Catholic University</a>, 2005</li> <li>Honorary doctorate, <a href="/wiki/University_of_San_Francisco" title="University of San Francisco">University of San Francisco</a>, 2005</li> <li>Honorary doctorate, <a href="/wiki/Concordia_University_(Montreal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Concordia University (Montreal)">Concordia University</a>, 2005</li> <li>Honorary doctorate, <a href="/wiki/York_University" title="York University">The University of York, The University of Canada</a>, 2005</li> <li>Honorary doctorate, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Moulin_University_Lyon_3" title="Jean Moulin University Lyon 3">Université Jean Moulin in Lyon</a>, 2005</li> <li>Honorary doctorate, <a href="/wiki/Loyola_University_Chicago" title="Loyola University Chicago">Loyola University Chicago</a>, 2007</li> <li>Honorary Doctorate <a href="/wiki/The_New_School_University" class="mw-redirect" title="The New School University">The New School University</a>, 2007</li> <li>Honorary Doctor of Laws, <a href="/wiki/Marquette_University" title="Marquette University">Marquette University</a>, 2009<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Honorary Doctor of Law, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>, 2011<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Honorary Doctorate, <a href="/wiki/School_of_Oriental_and_African_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="School of Oriental and African Studies">School of Oriental and African Studies</a> (SOAS) University of London, 2012</li> <li>Honorary Doctor of Laws, <a href="/wiki/Law_Society_of_Upper_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Law Society of Upper Canada">Law Society of Upper Canada</a>, 2012<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Books_published">Books published</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shirin_Ebadi&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Books published"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Iran_Awakening" title="Iran Awakening">Iran Awakening</a>: One Woman's Journey to Reclaim Her Life and Country</i> (2007) <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-676-97802-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-676-97802-5">978-0-676-97802-5</a></li> <li><i>Refugee Rights in Iran</i> (2008) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86356-678-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86356-678-3">978-0-86356-678-3</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Cage_(book)" title="The Golden Cage (book)">The Golden Cage: Three brothers, Three choices, One destiny</a></i> (2011) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9798456-4-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9798456-4-2">978-0-9798456-4-2</a></li> <li><i>Until We Are Free</i> (2016) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0812998870" title="Special:BookSources/978-0812998870">978-0812998870</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shirin_Ebadi&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_women" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian women">Iranian women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_famous_Persian_women" class="mw-redirect" title="List of famous Persian women">List of famous Persian women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_peace_activists" title="List of peace activists">List of peace activists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellectual_movements_in_Iran" title="Intellectual movements in Iran">Intellectual movements in Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_women%27s_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian women's movement">Persian women's movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_feminism" title="Islamic feminism">Islamic feminism</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shirin_Ebadi&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-O'NeilCity2007-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-O'NeilCity2007_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniel_P._O'Neil2007" class="citation book cs1">Daniel P. O'Neil (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=e6OACOoqokEC&pg=PA55"><i>Fatima's sword: Everyday female resistance in post-revolutionary Iran</i></a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">55–</span>61. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-549-40947-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-549-40947-2"><bdi>978-0-549-40947-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fatima%27s+sword%3A+Everyday+female+resistance+in+post-revolutionary+Iran&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E55-%3C%2Fspan%3E61&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-549-40947-2&rft.au=Daniel+P.+O%27Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3De6OACOoqokEC%26pg%3DPA55&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShirin+Ebadi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-N_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-N_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/peace/laureates/2003/press.html">"The Nobel Peace Prize 2003"</a>. <i>NobelPrize.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NobelPrize.org&rft.atitle=The+Nobel+Peace+Prize+2003&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fpeace%2Flaureates%2F2003%2Fpress.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShirin+Ebadi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kinnear2011-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kinnear2011_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kinnear2011_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kinnear2011_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaren_L._Kinnear2011" class="citation book cs1">Karen L. Kinnear (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oIjxVimxO_wC&pg=PA152"><i>Women in Developing Countries: A Reference Handbook</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 152. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-425-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-425-2"><bdi>978-1-59884-425-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+in+Developing+Countries%3A+A+Reference+Handbook&rft.pages=152&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-59884-425-2&rft.au=Karen+L.+Kinnear&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoIjxVimxO_wC%26pg%3DPA152&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShirin+Ebadi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Shirin-Ebadi">"Shirin Ebadi | Biography, Nobel Prize, & Facts | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Shirin+Ebadi+%7C+Biography%2C+Nobel+Prize%2C+%26+Facts+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FShirin-Ebadi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShirin+Ebadi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jérôme Citron. Shirin Ebadi : "Je porte la voix de mon peuple". CFDT Magazine 2016, No. 427, p. 32–33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2013/01/01/world/meast/shirin-ebadi---fast-facts/index.html">"Shirin Ebadi Fast Facts"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. 2 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Shirin+Ebadi+Fast+Facts&rft.date=2013-01-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2013%2F01%2F01%2Fworld%2Fmeast%2Fshirin-ebadi---fast-facts%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShirin+Ebadi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.balatarin.com/permlink/2023/8/20/6033018">"بالاترین: آیا شیرین عبادی یهودی است؟"</a>. <i>Balatarin</i>. 20 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Balatarin&rft.atitle=%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%3A+%D8%A2%DB%8C%D8%A7+%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86+%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C+%DB%8C%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%9F&rft.date=2023-08-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.balatarin.com%2Fpermlink%2F2023%2F8%2F20%2F6033018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShirin+Ebadi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Shirin-Ebadi">"Shirin Ebadi"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Shirin+Ebadi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FShirin-Ebadi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShirin+Ebadi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UofA_2004_bio-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UofA_2004_bio_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UofA_2004_bio_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UofA_2004_bio_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170427095816/http://www.globaled.ualberta.ca/en/VisitingLectureshipinHumanRights/20042005ShirinEbadi.aspx">"2004–2005 Lecture – Shirin Ebadi"</a>, <i>University of Alberta Visiting Lectureship in Human Rights</i>, Edmonton, Alberta, 21 October 2004, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globaled.ualberta.ca/en/VisitingLectureshipinHumanRights/20042005ShirinEbadi.aspx">the original</a> on 27 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2017</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=University+of+Alberta+Visiting+Lectureship+in+Human+Rights&rft.atitle=2004%E2%80%932005+Lecture+%E2%80%93+Shirin+Ebadi&rft.date=2004-10-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globaled.ualberta.ca%2Fen%2FVisitingLectureshipinHumanRights%2F20042005ShirinEbadi.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShirin+Ebadi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_Profile_2009-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_Profile_2009_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_Profile_2009_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_Profile_2009_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3181992.stm">"Profile: Shirin Ebadi"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 27 November 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Profile%3A+Shirin+Ebadi&rft.date=2009-11-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F3181992.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShirin+Ebadi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-theguardian_Shirin_Ebadi-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-theguardian_Shirin_Ebadi_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPorochista_Khakpour2017" class="citation news cs1">Porochista Khakpour (25 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-network/2017/apr/25/shirin-ebadi-outside-of-iran-i-knew-id-be-more-useful-i-could-speak">"Shirin Ebadi: 'Almost a fourth of the people on Earth are Muslim. Are they like each other? Of course not'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Shirin+Ebadi%3A+%27Almost+a+fourth+of+the+people+on+Earth+are+Muslim.+Are+they+like+each+other%3F+Of+course+not%27&rft.date=2017-04-25&rft.au=Porochista+Khakpour&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fglobal-development-professionals-network%2F2017%2Fapr%2F25%2Fshirin-ebadi-outside-of-iran-i-knew-id-be-more-useful-i-could-speak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShirin+Ebadi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Nobel Peace Prize laureate Shirin Ebadi reflects on decades of resistance against Iran's regime". <i>The Globe and Mail</i>. 6 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Nobel+Peace+Prize+laureate+Shirin+Ebadi+reflects+on+decades+of+resistance+against+Iran%27s+regime&rft.date=2023-10-06&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShirin+Ebadi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nobel_Biography_Ebadi-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nobel_Biography_Ebadi_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nobel_Biography_Ebadi_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2003/ebadi-bio.html">"Shirin Ebadi – Biographical"</a>. The Norwegian Nobel Institute. 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shirin+Ebadi+%E2%80%93+Biographical&rft.pub=The+Norwegian+Nobel+Institute&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fpeace%2Flaureates%2F2003%2Febadi-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShirin+Ebadi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nobel_Ebadi_facts-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nobel_Ebadi_facts_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2003/ebadi-facts.html">"Shirin Ebadi – Facts"</a>. The Norwegian Nobel Institute. 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shirin+Ebadi+%E2%80%93+Facts&rft.pub=The+Norwegian+Nobel+Institute&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fpeace%2Flaureates%2F2003%2Febadi-facts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShirin+Ebadi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nobel_Ebadi_other_resources-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nobel_Ebadi_other_resources_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2003/ebadi-or.html">"Shirin Ebadi – Other Resources"</a>. The Norwegian Nobel Institute. 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shirin+Ebadi+%E2%80%93+Other+Resources&rft.pub=The+Norwegian+Nobel+Institute&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fpeace%2Flaureates%2F2003%2Febadi-or.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShirin+Ebadi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoLordo1998" class="citation web cs1">LoLordo, Ann (28 January 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1998-01-28-1998028066-story.html">"Girl's murder shames Iran Torture: She was as much a victim of Iran's child custody laws as of relatives who killed her"</a>. <i>baltimoresun.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=baltimoresun.com&rft.atitle=Girl%27s+murder+shames+Iran+Torture%3A+She+was+as+much+a+victim+of+Iran%27s+child+custody+laws+as+of+relatives+who+killed+her.&rft.date=1998-01-28&rft.aulast=LoLordo&rft.aufirst=Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baltimoresun.com%2Fnews%2Fbs-xpm-1998-01-28-1998028066-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShirin+Ebadi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ebadi,_Shirin_2007-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ebadi,_Shirin_2007_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ebadi,_Shirin_2007_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ebadi,_Shirin_2007_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShirin_Ebadi2007" class="citation book cs1">Shirin Ebadi (2007). Azadeh Moaveni (ed.). <i>Iran Awakening: One Woman's Journey to Reclaim Her Life and Country</i>. Random House. p. 256. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8129-7528-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8129-7528-4"><bdi>978-0-8129-7528-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iran+Awakening%3A+One+Woman%27s+Journey+to+Reclaim+Her+Life+and+Country&rft.pages=256&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8129-7528-4&rft.au=Shirin+Ebadi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShirin+Ebadi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ebadi, Shirin, <i>Iran Awakening: A Memoir of Revolution and Hope</i>, by Shirin Ebadi with Azadeh Moaveni, Random House, 2006, p. 204</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHafezi2023" class="citation news cs1">Hafezi, Parisa (3 February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/nobel-laureate-ebadi-says-irans-revolutionary-process-is-irreversible-2023-02-03/">"Nobel laureate Ebadi says Iran's 'revolutionary process' is irreversible"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Nobel+laureate+Ebadi+says+Iran%27s+%27revolutionary+process%27+is+irreversible&rft.date=2023-02-03&rft.aulast=Hafezi&rft.aufirst=Parisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fnobel-laureate-ebadi-says-irans-revolutionary-process-is-irreversible-2023-02-03%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShirin+Ebadi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a></i>: "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A21850-2003Oct13.html">Nobels With a Message</a>", last retrieved on 12 October 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Working for Change: "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.workingforchange.com/article.cfm?itemid=15804">Eyes off the prize</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061110050322/http://www.workingforchange.com/article.cfm?ItemID=15804">Archived</a> 10 November 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", last retrieved on 12 October 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a></i>: "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/sunnis-fear-us-missteps-will-bolster-tehrans-influence/2006/02/28/1141095740977.html?page=4">Sunnis fear US missteps will bolster Tehran's influence</a>", last retrieved on 12 October 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/15/shirin-ebadi-interview-iran-s-voice-of-reason-on-nuke-talks.html">Shirin Ebadi Interview: Iran’s Voice of Reason on Nuke Talks</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Beast" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Beast">Daily Beast</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100502011710/http://www.caldivestfromapartheid.com/2010/04/28/statement-of-support-from-nobel-peace-laureates/">"Statement of Support from Nobel Women Peace Laureates"</a>. 28 April 2010. 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She Wants Regime Change"</a>. <i>Bloomberg.com</i>. 5 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg.com&rft.atitle=Iran%27s+Nobel+Laureate+Is+Done+With+Reform.+She+Wants+Regime+Change.&rft.date=2018-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fopinion%2Farticles%2F2018-04-05%2Fshirin-ebadi-is-done-trying-to-reform-iran-she-wants-regime-change&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShirin+Ebadi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Bbc.co.uk" class="mw-redirect" title="Bbc.co.uk">bbc.co.uk</a>: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3181428.stm">Nobel winner's plea to Iran</a></i>, last retrieved on 12 October 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-speech-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-speech_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-speech_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-speech_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharles_Kurzman" class="citation book cs1">Charles Kurzman. <i>The Missing Martyrs</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">155–</span>157.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Missing+Martyrs&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E155-%3C%2Fspan%3E157&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.au=Charles+Kurzman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShirin+Ebadi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/iran-nobel-prize-narges-mohammadi-shirin-ebadi-4839c9fb79dc74d83851acb20849dade">"Nobel Peace Prizes awarded to Iranian women 20 years apart trace tensions with the West"</a>. <i>AP News</i>. 6 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Opinion+%E2%80%93+Tricked+Into+Cheating+and+Sentenced+to+Death&rft.date=2016-03-03&rft.aulast=Ebadi&rft.aufirst=Shirin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F03%2F06%2Fopinion%2Fsunday%2Ftricked-into-cheating-and-sentenced-to-death.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShirin+Ebadi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle-east/nobel-laureate-calls-for-freedom-for-3-iranian-opposition-leaders-after-year-of-house-arrest/2012/01/26/gIQAyuiTTQ_story.html">Nobel laureate calls for freedom for 3 Iranian opposition leaders after a year of house arrest</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2021">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>| Associated Press| 26 January 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAll_Things_Considered2004" class="citation web cs1">All Things Considered (5 December 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4204087">"Iranian Nobel Winner Suing U.S. over Memoir"</a>. NPR<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iranian+Nobel+Winner+Suing+U.S.+over+Memoir&rft.pub=NPR&rft.date=2004-12-05&rft.au=All+Things+Considered&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D4204087&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShirin+Ebadi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAll_Things_Considered2004" class="citation web cs1">All Things Considered (19 December 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4235765">"Ebadi Wins Round with U.S. over Memoirs"</a>. NPR<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ebadi+Wins+Round+with+U.S.+over+Memoirs&rft.pub=NPR&rft.date=2004-12-19&rft.au=All+Things+Considered&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D4235765&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShirin+Ebadi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apneaap.org/about-us/our-board/">International Advisory Board</a> <a href="/wiki/Ruchira_Gupta" title="Ruchira Gupta">Apne Aap Women Worldwide</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://auroraprize.com/en/aurora-prize/2018/selection_committee">Selection Committee</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180909115146/https://auroraprize.com/en/aurora-prize/2018/selection_committee">Archived</a> 9 September 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Aurora_Prize_for_Awakening_Humanity" title="Aurora Prize for Awakening Humanity">Aurora Prize</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rsf.org/en/emeritus-board">Emeritus Board</a> <a href="/wiki/Reporters_Without_Borders" title="Reporters Without Borders">Reporters Without Borders</a> (RWB).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scholarsatrisk.org/board/">Ambassadors Council</a> <a href="/wiki/Scholars_at_Risk" title="Scholars at Risk">Scholars at Risk</a> (SAR).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nuernberg.de/internet/menschenrechte_e/jury_en.html">Jury</a> <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_International_Human_Rights_Award" title="Nuremberg International Human Rights Award">Nuremberg International Human Rights Award</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#public-service">"Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement"</a>. <i>www.achievement.org</i>. <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Achievement" class="mw-redirect" title="American Academy of Achievement">American Academy of Achievement</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.achievement.org&rft.atitle=Golden+Plate+Awardees+of+the+American+Academy+of+Achievement&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fachievement.org%2Four-history%2Fgolden-plate-awards%2F%23public-service&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShirin+Ebadi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Williams_College" title="Williams College">Williams College</a>: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.williams.edu/home/commencement/2004/ebadi_cit.php">Honorary Degree Citation 2004</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081203123529/http://www.williams.edu/home/commencement/2004/ebadi_cit.php">Archived</a> 3 December 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, last retrieved on 5 May 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091103085348/http://www.marquette.edu//research/honors_ebadi.shtml">"University Honors: Shirin Ebadi"</a>. Marquette University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marquette.edu/research/honors_ebadi.shtml">the original</a> on 3 November 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=University+Honors%3A+Shirin+Ebadi&rft.pub=Marquette+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marquette.edu%2Fresearch%2Fhonors_ebadi.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShirin+Ebadi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridgenetwork.co.uk/news/">"News"</a>. <i>Cambridge Network</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cambridge+Network&rft.atitle=News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridgenetwork.co.uk%2Fnews%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShirin+Ebadi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160519030527/http://www.lsuc.on.ca/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=2147487963">"Nobel laureate receives honorary doctorate from Law Society"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lsuc.on.ca/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=2147487963">the original</a> on 19 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nobel+laureate+receives+honorary+doctorate+from+Law+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lsuc.on.ca%2FWorkArea%2FDownloadAsset.aspx%3Fid%3D2147487963&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShirin+Ebadi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shirin_Ebadi&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKimAasenEbadi2003" class="citation book cs1">Kim, U.; Aasen, H. S. & Ebadi, S. (2003). <i>Democracy, human rights, and Islam in modern Iran: Psychological, social and cultural perspectives</i>. Bergen: Fagbokforlaget. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-82-7674-922-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-82-7674-922-9"><bdi>978-82-7674-922-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Democracy%2C+human+rights%2C+and+Islam+in+modern+Iran%3A+Psychological%2C+social+and+cultural+perspectives&rft.place=Bergen&rft.pub=Fagbokforlaget&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-82-7674-922-9&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=U.&rft.au=Aasen%2C+H.+S.&rft.au=Ebadi%2C+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShirin+Ebadi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Monshipouri, M. (2009). <i>"</i>Shirin Ebadi" in <i>Encyclopedia of human rights</i>. Volume 2. David Forsythe (Ed.). Oxford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-533402-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-533402-9">978-0-19-533402-9</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Dr Shirin Ebadi". <i>Middle East Studies</i>. <b>1</b> (427): <span class="nowrap">27–</span>30. 2011. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0305-0734">0305-0734</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Studies&rft.atitle=Dr+Shirin+Ebadi&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=427&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E27-%3C%2Fspan%3E30&rft.date=2011&rft.issn=0305-0734&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShirin+Ebadi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"Shirin Ebadi". <i>TIME Magazine</i>. Iran. 28 March 2016. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0040-781X">0040-781X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TIME+Magazine&rft.atitle=Shirin+Ebadi.&rft.date=2016-03-28&rft.issn=0040-781X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShirin+Ebadi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIftikhar2004" class="citation journal cs1">Iftikhar, Ahmad (2004). "Shirin Ebadi: A Muslim Woman Nobel Peace Laureate". <i>Social Education</i>. <b>68</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">260–</span>263. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0037-7724">0037-7724</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Education&rft.atitle=Shirin+Ebadi%3A+A+Muslim+Woman+Nobel+Peace+Laureate&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E260-%3C%2Fspan%3E263&rft.date=2004&rft.issn=0037-7724&rft.aulast=Iftikhar&rft.aufirst=Ahmad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShirin+Ebadi" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shirin_Ebadi&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style 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class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shirin_Ebadi" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Shirin Ebadi">Shirin Ebadi</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/773">Shirin Ebadi</a> on Nobelprize.org <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131152#P8024" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/shirin-ebadi/">Shirin Ebadi's biography</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_University" title="Iowa State University">Iowa State University</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/iran/ebadi.html">Interview With Iranian Nobel Prize Winner: Shirin Ebadi</a>. <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://law.yale.edu/centers-workshops/gruber-program-global-justice-and-womens-rights/gruber-lectures/dr-shirin-ebadi">Gruber Distinguished Lecture in Global Justice: Dr. Shirin Ebadi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yale_Law_School" title="Yale Law School">Yale Law School</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nobelwomensinitiative.org/">Nobel Women's Initiative</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.writespirit.net/inspirational_talks/humanitarian_talks/talks_shirin_ebadi/">Quotes from Shirin Ebadi Speeches</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071001002050/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1191820-1,00.html">TIME.com: 10 Questions for Shirin Ebadi</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cri-irc.org/v4/publications/9-une-femme-un-pays/22-shirin-ebadi-avocate-pour-les-droits-de-lhomme-en-iran.html">Shirin Ebadi, avocate pour les droits de l'homme en Iran</a> Jean Albert, Ludivine Tomasso and edited by Jacqueline Duband, Emilie Dessens</li></ul> <dl><dt>Press interviews</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.euronews.com/2013/06/12/iranian-elections-nobel-peace-prize-winner-shirin-ebadi-talks-to-euronews/"><i>Iranian elections – Nobel Peace Prize winner Shirin Ebadi talks</i></a> to <a href="/wiki/Euronews" title="Euronews">Euronews</a> 2013 June 12</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/jun/13/shirinebadi.iran">David Batty in conversation with Shirin Ebadi</a>, <i>"If you want to help Iran, don't attack"</i>, The Guardian, 13 June 2008</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061003231909/http://www.asiasource.org/news/special_reports/ebadi.cfm">Nermeen Shaikh, <i>AsiaSource Interview with Shirin Ebadi</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090329061018/http://www.msmagazine.com/winter2007/iransquietrevolution.asp">"Iran's Quiet Revolution"</a> Winter 2007 article from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.msmagazine.com"><i>Ms.</i> magazine</a> about activism and feminism in Iran.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Video</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asiasociety.org/video/policy-politics/shirin-ebadi-what-comes-next-iran">Video: Shirin Ebadi on 'What's Ahead for Iran'</a>, Asia Society, New York, 3 March 2010</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.democracynow.org/2010/3/8/iranian_nobel_peace_prize_winner_shirin">Shirin Ebadi Presses Iran on Human Rights and Warns Against International Sanctions</a> – video by <i><a href="/wiki/Democracy_Now!" title="Democracy Now!">Democracy Now!</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?1008588">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Pictures</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parstimes.com/gallery/shirin_ebadi/">Picture Gallery</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize136" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates" title="List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates">Laureates</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1901_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1901 Nobel Peace Prize">1901</a>: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Dunant" title="Henry Dunant">Henry Dunant</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Passy" title="Frédéric Passy">Frédéric Passy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1902: <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lie_Ducommun" title="Élie Ducommun">Élie Ducommun</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Albert_Gobat" title="Charles Albert Gobat">Charles Gobat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1903: <a href="/wiki/Randal_Cremer" title="Randal Cremer">Randal Cremer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1904: <a href="/wiki/Institut_de_Droit_International" title="Institut de Droit International">Institut de Droit International</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1905: <a href="/wiki/Bertha_von_Suttner" title="Bertha von Suttner">Bertha von Suttner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1906: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1907: <a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Teodoro_Moneta" title="Ernesto Teodoro Moneta">Ernesto Moneta</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_Renault_(jurist)" title="Louis Renault (jurist)">Louis Renault</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1908: <a href="/wiki/Klas_Pontus_Arnoldson" title="Klas Pontus Arnoldson">Klas Arnoldson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fredrik_Bajer" title="Fredrik Bajer">Fredrik Bajer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1909: <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Beernaert" title="Auguste Beernaert">A. M. F. Beernaert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Henri_Balluet_d%27Estournelles_de_Constant" title="Paul Henri Balluet d'Estournelles de Constant">Paul Estournelles de Constant</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1910: <a href="/wiki/International_Peace_Bureau" title="International Peace Bureau">International Peace Bureau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1911: <a href="/wiki/Tobias_Asser" title="Tobias Asser">Tobias Asser</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hermann_Fried" title="Alfred Hermann Fried">Alfred Fried</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1912: <a href="/wiki/Elihu_Root" title="Elihu Root">Elihu Root</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1913: <a href="/wiki/Henri_La_Fontaine" title="Henri La Fontaine">Henri La Fontaine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1914</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1915</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1916</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1917: <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1918</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1919: <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1920: <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bourgeois" title="Léon Bourgeois">Léon Bourgeois</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1921: <a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Branting" title="Hjalmar Branting">Hjalmar Branting</a> / <a href="/wiki/Christian_Lous_Lange" title="Christian Lous Lange">Christian Lange</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1922: <a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Fridtjof Nansen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1923</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1924</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1925: <a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">Austen Chamberlain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Dawes" title="Charles G. Dawes">Charles Dawes</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1926: <a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Aristide Briand</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Stresemann" title="Gustav Stresemann">Gustav Stresemann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1927: <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Buisson" title="Ferdinand Buisson">Ferdinand Buisson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Quidde" title="Ludwig Quidde">Ludwig Quidde</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1928</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1929: <a href="/wiki/Frank_B._Kellogg" title="Frank B. Kellogg">Frank B. Kellogg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1930: <a href="/wiki/Nathan_S%C3%B6derblom" title="Nathan Söderblom">Nathan Söderblom</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1931: <a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Jane Addams</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Murray_Butler" title="Nicholas Murray Butler">Nicholas Butler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1932</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1933: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Angell" title="Norman Angell">Norman Angell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1934: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Arthur Henderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1935: <a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Ossietzky" title="Carl von Ossietzky">Carl von Ossietzky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1936: <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Saavedra_Lamas" title="Carlos Saavedra Lamas">Carlos Saavedra Lamas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1937: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Cecil,_1st_Viscount_Cecil_of_Chelwood" title="Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood">Robert Cecil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1938: <a href="/wiki/Nansen_International_Office_for_Refugees" title="Nansen International Office for Refugees">Nansen International Office for Refugees</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1939</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1940</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1941</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1942</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1943</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1944: <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1945: <a href="/wiki/Cordell_Hull" title="Cordell Hull">Cordell Hull</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1946: <a href="/wiki/Emily_Greene_Balch" title="Emily Greene Balch">Emily Balch</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Mott" title="John Mott">John Mott</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1947: <a href="/wiki/Quaker_Peace_and_Social_Witness" title="Quaker Peace and Social Witness">Friends Service Council</a> / <a href="/wiki/American_Friends_Service_Committee" title="American Friends Service Committee">American Friends Service Committee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1948</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1949: <a href="/wiki/John_Boyd_Orr" title="John Boyd Orr">John Boyd Orr</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1950: <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bunche" title="Ralph Bunche">Ralph Bunche</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1951: <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Jouhaux" title="Léon Jouhaux">Léon Jouhaux</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1952: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Schweitzer" title="Albert Schweitzer">Albert Schweitzer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1953: <a href="/wiki/George_C._Marshall" title="George C. Marshall">George C. Marshall</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1954: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1955</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1956</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1957: <a href="/wiki/Lester_B._Pearson" title="Lester B. Pearson">Lester B. Pearson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1958: <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Pire" title="Dominique Pire">Georges Pire</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1959: <a href="/wiki/Philip_Noel-Baker" title="Philip Noel-Baker">Philip Noel-Baker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1960: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Luthuli" title="Albert Luthuli">Albert Luthuli</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1961: <a href="/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld" title="Dag Hammarskjöld">Dag Hammarskjöld</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1962: <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1963: <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a> / <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Societies" title="International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies">League of Red Cross Societies</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1964_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1964 Nobel Peace Prize">1964</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1965_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1965 Nobel Peace Prize">1965</a>: <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575"><a href="/wiki/1966_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1966 Nobel Peace Prize">1966</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575"><a href="/wiki/1967_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1967 Nobel Peace Prize">1967</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1968_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1968 Nobel Peace Prize">1968</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Cassin" title="René Cassin">René Cassin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1969_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1969 Nobel Peace Prize">1969</a>: <a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1970_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1970 Nobel Peace Prize">1970</a>: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Borlaug" title="Norman Borlaug">Norman Borlaug</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1971_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1971 Nobel Peace Prize">1971</a>: <a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1972</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1973_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1973 Nobel Peace Prize">1973</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_Th%E1%BB%8D" title="Lê Đức Thọ">Lê Đức Thọ</a> (declined award)</i> / <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_MacBride" title="Seán MacBride">Seán MacBride</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eisaku_Sat%C5%8D" title="Eisaku Satō">Eisaku Satō</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Sakharov" title="Andrei Sakharov">Andrei Sakharov</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/Betty_Williams" title="Betty Williams">Betty Williams</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mairead_Maguire" title="Mairead Maguire">Mairead Corrigan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat">Anwar Sadat</a> / <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Mother Teresa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_P%C3%A9rez_Esquivel" title="Adolfo Pérez Esquivel">Adolfo Pérez Esquivel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/Alva_Myrdal" title="Alva Myrdal">Alva Myrdal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Garc%C3%ADa_Robles" title="Alfonso García Robles">Alfonso García Robles</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1983: <a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/Desmond_Tutu" title="Desmond Tutu">Desmond Tutu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/International_Physicians_for_the_Prevention_of_Nuclear_War" title="International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War">International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel">Elie Wiesel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Arias" title="Óscar Arias">Óscar Arias</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_peacekeeping" title="United Nations peacekeeping">UN Peacekeeping Forces</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama" title="14th Dalai Lama">Tenzin Gyatso (14th Dalai Lama)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi" title="Aung San Suu Kyi">Aung San Suu Kyi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Rigoberta_Mench%C3%BA" title="Rigoberta Menchú">Rigoberta Menchú</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> / <a href="/wiki/F._W._de_Klerk" title="F. W. de Klerk">F. W. de Klerk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/Pugwash_Conferences_on_Science_and_World_Affairs" title="Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs">Pugwash Conferences</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Rotblat" title="Joseph Rotblat">Joseph Rotblat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Filipe_Ximenes_Belo" title="Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo">Carlos Belo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ramos-Horta" title="José Ramos-Horta">José Ramos-Horta</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/International_Campaign_to_Ban_Landmines" title="International Campaign to Ban Landmines">International Campaign to Ban Landmines</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jody_Williams" title="Jody Williams">Jody Williams</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/John_Hume" title="John Hume">John Hume</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Trimble" title="David Trimble">David Trimble</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9decins_Sans_Fronti%C3%A8res" title="Médecins Sans Frontières">Médecins Sans Frontières</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2000: <a href="/wiki/Kim_Dae-jung" title="Kim Dae-jung">Kim Dae-jung</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2001_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2001 Nobel Peace Prize">2001</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan" title="Kofi Annan">Kofi Annan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2002_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2002 Nobel Peace Prize">2002</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2003_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2003 Nobel Peace Prize">2003</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shirin Ebadi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2004_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 Nobel Peace Prize">2004</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wangari_Maathai" class="mw-redirect" title="Wangari Maathai">Wangari Maathai</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2005_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2005 Nobel Peace Prize">2005</a>: <a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">International Atomic Energy Agency</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_ElBaradei" title="Mohamed ElBaradei">Mohamed ElBaradei</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2006_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 Nobel Peace Prize">2006</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grameen_Bank" title="Grameen Bank">Grameen Bank</a> / <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus" title="Muhammad Yunus">Muhammad Yunus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2007_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2007 Nobel Peace Prize">2007</a>: <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> / <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change" title="Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2008_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Nobel Peace Prize">2008</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martti_Ahtisaari" title="Martti Ahtisaari">Martti Ahtisaari</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2009_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2009 Nobel Peace Prize">2009</a>: <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2010_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2010 Nobel Peace Prize">2010</a>: <a href="/wiki/Liu_Xiaobo" title="Liu Xiaobo">Liu Xiaobo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2011_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2011 Nobel Peace Prize">2011</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf" title="Ellen Johnson Sirleaf">Ellen Johnson Sirleaf</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee">Leymah Gbowee</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tawakkol_Karman" title="Tawakkol Karman">Tawakkol Karman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2012_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2012 Nobel Peace Prize">2012</a>: <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2013_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2013 Nobel Peace Prize">2013</a>: <a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_the_Prohibition_of_Chemical_Weapons" title="Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons">Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2014 Nobel Peace Prize">2014</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kailash_Satyarthi" title="Kailash Satyarthi">Kailash Satyarthi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Malala_Yousafzai" title="Malala Yousafzai">Malala Yousafzai</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2015_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2015 Nobel Peace Prize">2015</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tunisian_National_Dialogue_Quartet" title="Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet">Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2016_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2016 Nobel Peace Prize">2016</a>: <a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_Santos" title="Juan Manuel Santos">Juan Manuel Santos</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2017_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2017 Nobel Peace Prize">2017</a>: <a href="/wiki/International_Campaign_to_Abolish_Nuclear_Weapons" title="International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons">International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2018 Nobel Peace Prize">2018</a>: <a href="/wiki/Denis_Mukwege" title="Denis Mukwege">Denis Mukwege</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nadia_Murad" title="Nadia Murad">Nadia Murad</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2019 Nobel Peace Prize">2019</a>: <a href="/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed" title="Abiy Ahmed">Abiy Ahmed</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2020_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2020 Nobel Peace Prize">2020</a>: <a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">World Food Programme</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2021 Nobel Peace Prize">2021</a>: <a href="/wiki/Maria_Ressa" title="Maria Ressa">Maria Ressa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Muratov" title="Dmitry Muratov">Dmitry Muratov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2022_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2022 Nobel Peace Prize">2022</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ales_Bialiatski" title="Ales Bialiatski">Ales Bialiatski</a> / <a href="/wiki/Memorial_(society)" title="Memorial (society)">Memorial</a> / <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Civil_Liberties_(human_rights_organization)" title="Center for Civil Liberties (human rights organization)">Center for Civil Liberties</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2023_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2023 Nobel Peace Prize">2023</a>: <a href="/wiki/Narges_Mohammadi" title="Narges Mohammadi">Narges Mohammadi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2024_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2024 Nobel Peace Prize">2024</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nihon_Hidankyo" title="Nihon Hidankyo">Nihon Hidankyo</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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Literature">Literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/2003_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2003 Nobel Prize in Literature">2003</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._M._Coetzee" title="J. M. Coetzee">J. M. Coetzee</a> (South Africa)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shirin Ebadi</a> (Iran)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexei_Abrikosov_(physicist)" title="Alexei Abrikosov (physicist)">Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov</a> (Soviet Union/Russia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Ginzburg" title="Vitaly Ginzburg">Vitaly Ginzburg</a> (Soviet Union)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_James_Leggett" title="Anthony James Leggett">Anthony James Leggett</a> (United Kingdom)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Lauterbur" title="Paul Lauterbur">Paul Lauterbur</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Mansfield" title="Peter Mansfield">Peter Mansfield</a> (United Kingdom)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Economic Sciences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Engle" title="Robert F. Engle">Robert F. Engle</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clive_Granger" title="Clive Granger">Clive Granger</a> (United Kingdom)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Nobel Prize recipients</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/1998_Nobel_Prizes" title="1998 Nobel Prizes">1998</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1999_Nobel_Prizes" title="1999 Nobel Prizes">1999</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2000_Nobel_Prizes" title="2000 Nobel Prizes">2000</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2001_Nobel_Prizes" title="2001 Nobel Prizes">2001</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2002_Nobel_Prizes" title="2002 Nobel Prizes">2002</a></dd> <dd><b>2003 </b></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2004_Nobel_Prizes" title="2004 Nobel Prizes">2004</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2005_Nobel_Prizes" title="2005 Nobel Prizes">2005</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2006_Nobel_Prizes" title="2006 Nobel Prizes">2006</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2007_Nobel_Prizes" title="2007 Nobel Prizes">2007</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2008_Nobel_Prizes" title="2008 Nobel Prizes">2008</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131152#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2589" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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