CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Operation Semut - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"26215ff2-80cc-4284-a51e-54fb488792ac","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Operation_Semut","wgTitle":"Operation Semut","wgCurRevisionId":1248608684,"wgRevisionId":1248608684,"wgArticleId":47549842,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Conflicts in 1945","1945 in the British Empire","Battles of World War II involving Australia","South West Pacific theatre of World War II","Borneo campaign","History of Sarawak","Military operations of World War II involving Australia"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Operation_Semut", "wgRelevantArticleId":47549842,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q20981837","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model", "platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher", "ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Awm_P00560.001_Major_G_S_Carter_and_Semut_II_team.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="816"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Awm_P00560.001_Major_G_S_Carter_and_Semut_II_team.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="544"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="435"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Operation Semut - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Semut"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Semut&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Semut"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Operation_Semut rootpage-Operation_Semut skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Operation+Semut" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Operation+Semut" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Operation+Semut" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Operation+Semut" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Execution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Execution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Execution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Execution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath_and_impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath_and_impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Aftermath and impact</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath_and_impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Operation Semut</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 1 language" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-1" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">1 language</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operasi_Semut" title="Operasi Semut – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Operasi Semut" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q20981837#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Semut" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Operation_Semut" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Semut"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Semut&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Semut&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Semut"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Semut&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Semut&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Operation_Semut" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Operation_Semut" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Semut&oldid=1248608684" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Semut&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Operation_Semut&id=1248608684&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOperation_Semut"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOperation_Semut"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Operation_Semut&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Semut&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q20981837" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Allied World War II special operation in Borneo</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Operation Semut</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Sarawak" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese occupation of Sarawak">Japanese occupation of Sarawak</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Awm_P00560.001_Major_G_S_Carter_and_Semut_II_team.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Awm_P00560.001_Major_G_S_Carter_and_Semut_II_team.jpg/300px-Awm_P00560.001_Major_G_S_Carter_and_Semut_II_team.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Awm_P00560.001_Major_G_S_Carter_and_Semut_II_team.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="289" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/G._S._Carter" title="G. S. Carter">Major G. S. Carter</a> and Semut 2 team</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>March – October 1945</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location">Borneo</div><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Operation_Semut&params=4.1222539_N_115.3806217_E_region:MY_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">4°07′20″N</span> <span class="longitude">115°22′50″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">4.1222539°N 115.3806217°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">4.1222539; 115.3806217</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Allied victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <br /> <span data-sort-value="New Zealand"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_Zealand" title="Dominion of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Units involved</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Thirty-Seventh_Army_(Japan)" title="Thirty-Seventh Army (Japan)">37th Army</a> (elements)</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Z_Special_Unit" title="Z Special Unit">Z Special Unit</a></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Borneo_campaign" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Borneo_Campaign_(1945)" title="Template:Campaignbox Borneo Campaign (1945)"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Borneo_Campaign_(1945)" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Borneo Campaign (1945)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Borneo_Campaign_(1945)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Borneo Campaign (1945)"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Borneo_campaign" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Borneo_campaign" title="Borneo campaign"><span class="wrap">Borneo campaign</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Agas" title="Operation Agas"><i>Agas</i></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Semut</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tarakan_(1945)" title="Battle of Tarakan (1945)">Tarakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_North_Borneo" title="Battle of North Borneo">North Borneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Labuan" title="Battle of Labuan">Labuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beaufort_(1945)" title="Battle of Beaufort (1945)">Beaufort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Balikpapan_(1945)" title="Battle of Balikpapan (1945)">Balikpapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borneo_campaign_(1945)_order_of_battle" title="Borneo campaign (1945) order of battle"><b>Order of battle</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p><b>Operation Semut</b> was a series of reconnaissance operations carried out by Australia's <a href="/wiki/Z_Special_Unit" title="Z Special Unit">Z Special Unit</a> in 1945, during the final stages of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. This operation was the part of the <a href="/wiki/Borneo_campaign_(1945)" class="mw-redirect" title="Borneo campaign (1945)">Borneo Campaign</a>, and was undertaken in <a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a>, northwestern Borneo, in support of Allied operations to <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_North_Borneo" title="Battle of North Borneo">secure North Borneo</a>. Another closely related operation codenamed <a href="/wiki/Operation_Agas" title="Operation Agas">Agas</a> was carried out concurrently in <a href="/wiki/North_Borneo" title="North Borneo">North Borneo</a> (present day <a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a>). Both operations combined and relayed their intelligence through the Stallion Project to Australian forces and carried out <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerrilla warfare</a> against the Japanese in the region with the full support of the local population.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A total of four operations were undertaken under the auspices of Operation Semut, concluding in September and October 1945. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Semut&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Early in the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific War</a>, the Japanese had landed in north-west Borneo and had quickly captured the area's vital oilfields, which had begun contributing to their war effort by 1943. Allied efforts to interdict the flow of oil had been limited largely to aerial bombing in the intervening period as Allied ground efforts had focussed upon the <a href="/wiki/Philippines_campaign_(1944-45)" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippines campaign (1944-45)">drive on the Philippines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AWM_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AWM-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Planning for covert operations in Borneo by Allied forces, had begun shortly after the Japanese had captured north-west Borneo in December 1941. A British intelligence officer, Second Lieutenant P. M. Synge, based in <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, suggested that "a force of 500 men or more if necessary, skilled in forest-craft, could be raised..." from among the local population "...and organised into an effective guerilla force".<sup id="cite_ref-AWM_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AWM-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Synge then submitted a proposal of the operations, but by February 1942 the operation had been rejected because it was not feasible at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-AWM_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AWM-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 1942, <a href="/wiki/Tom_Harrisson" title="Tom Harrisson">Tom Harrisson</a>, who had been an Oxford Sarawak Expedition leader in 1932, drew another similar proposal that put an emphasis on operations against <a href="/wiki/Seria" title="Seria">Seria</a> oilfields in Brunei rather than <a href="/wiki/Miri,_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Miri, Malaysia">Miri</a> oilfields in Sarawak. Meanwhile, Captain D. L. Leach proposed to use former Borneo civil servants to identify and contact locals and Chinese who were still loyal to the Allied forces, to organise them and to establish three main bases along the Baram River, in the Rejang basin, and upriver on the Rejang in preparation to support large scale Allied operations in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-AWM_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AWM-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While these plans were not acted upon at the time, throughout 1942 and 1943, British and Australian Army planning staff worked to exchange information and sought out personnel who might be suitable for operations in Borneo;<sup id="cite_ref-AWM_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AWM-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> meanwhile, the Allies established several organisations, such as <a href="/wiki/Special_Operations_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Operations Australia">Special Operations Australia</a> and its military arm, <a href="/wiki/Z_Special_Unit" title="Z Special Unit">Z Special Unit</a>, to carry out covert operations in the Pacific.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Execution">Execution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Semut&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Execution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Allied operations to capture <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Labuan" title="Battle of Labuan">Labuan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_North_Borneo" title="Battle of North Borneo">Brunei Bay</a> were scheduled for mid-June.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To support this, Operation Semut – derived from the Malay word for ant<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – was launched in March-1945 by the Australian <a href="/wiki/Services_Reconnaissance_Department" title="Services Reconnaissance Department">Services Reconnaissance Department</a> (SRD) with two main objectives: to gather intelligence and to train the indigenous people in launching guerrilla warfare against the Japanese. The operation was initially commanded by <a href="/wiki/G._S._Carter" title="G. S. Carter">Major G. S. Carter</a>, a New Zealander serving in the Australian Army,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but was later divided into three main parties: Semut 1 under the command of Major Tom Harrisson, Semut 2 under the command of Carter himself, and Semut 3 under Captain W. L. P. Sochon,<sup id="cite_ref-AWM_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AWM-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who had previously served as a police officer in Sarawak before the war.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All three had experience of the conditions in Borneo prior to the war, and understood the local culture and possessed some language skills.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japanese troops occupying the area were drawn from the <a href="/wiki/Thirty-Seventh_Army_(Japan)" title="Thirty-Seventh Army (Japan)">37th Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Operation_Semut_personnel_(AWM_image_P01806.010).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Operation_Semut_personnel_%28AWM_image_P01806.010%29.JPG/225px-Operation_Semut_personnel_%28AWM_image_P01806.010%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="225" height="348" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Operation_Semut_personnel_%28AWM_image_P01806.010%29.JPG/338px-Operation_Semut_personnel_%28AWM_image_P01806.010%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Operation_Semut_personnel_%28AWM_image_P01806.010%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="413" data-file-height="639" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/G._S._Carter" title="G. S. Carter">Major G. S. Carter</a> and Dita Bala, a chief from Long Dati</figcaption></figure> <p>Semut 1 would operate in the Trusan Valley and its surrounds, Semut 2 in the Baram Valley and its surrounds, and Semut 3 in the Rajang Valley. Harrisson and his Semut 1 team were inserted by parachute into the <a href="/wiki/Kelabit_Highlands" title="Kelabit Highlands">Kelabit Highlands</a>, to operate around <a href="/wiki/Bario" title="Bario">Bario</a>, in March 1945; however, upon the completion of small airstrip in Bario by using local labour, he shifted his base to Belawit, which was located in the Bawang Valley, in Dutch Borneo. The Semut 2 team was also dropped by parachute around Bario in mid-April. After receiving support from the Kelabit people, the team was transferred to the Baram Valley where they established a base at <a href="/wiki/Long_Akah" title="Long Akah">Long Akah</a>. Sochon then moved out from Semut 2's location and led the Semut 3 team to Belaga at Upper Rajang, with full support from the Kayan and Iban there. All the intelligence from these operations was relayed to General <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Blamey" title="Thomas Blamey">Thomas Blamey</a>'s Advanced Land Headquarters, locate at <a href="/wiki/Morotai" class="mw-redirect" title="Morotai">Morotai</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Halmahera" title="Halmahera">Halmahera</a>. The Semut 2 team captured a Japanese communications station at <a href="/wiki/Long_Lama" title="Long Lama">Long Lama</a> several days before the Allied landings around Labuan and Brunei Bay. On 9 June 1945, on the eve of the Australian landings at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Labuan" title="Battle of Labuan">Labuan</a> island, the Semut 1 team attacked a small Japanese garrison at Brunei Bay.<sup id="cite_ref-AWM_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AWM-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 26 April 1945, a plan named Stallion was implemented to collect intelligence from Operations Semut and Agas regarding the Japanese positions at Brunei Bay. This information was passed by radio to the <a href="/wiki/9th_Division_(Australia)" title="9th Division (Australia)">9th Division</a> headquarters on <a href="/wiki/Morotai_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Morotai Island">Morotai Island</a> to support future operations in the area by elements of the <a href="/wiki/20th_Brigade_(Australia)" title="20th Brigade (Australia)">20th</a> and <a href="/wiki/24th_Brigade_(Australia)" title="24th Brigade (Australia)">24th Infantry Brigades</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-AWM_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AWM-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_North_Borneo" title="Battle of North Borneo">landed in north Borneo</a> on 10 June 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Information gathered included troop dispositions, identification of transportation routes and staging points, information about Allied prisoners of war in the area, and the locations of Japanese airfields, food supplies and ammunition dumps.<sup id="cite_ref-AWM_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AWM-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Operation Semut 4 was split into two serials – 4A and 4B – which operated around Bintulu on the coast, having been inserted by sea, with the task of protecting the flank of the other three Semut parties.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At Sarawak on 13 to 23 August 1945, Semut 4B sailed out of Labuan via <a href="/wiki/HMAS_Tiger_Snake" title="HMAS Tiger Snake">HMAS <i>Tigersnake</i></a> and moored at <a href="/wiki/Mukah" title="Mukah">Mukah</a>. Party leader, Lieutenant Rowan Waddy, and Lieutenant Ron Hoey, paddling Hoehn <a href="/wiki/Folding_kayak" title="Folding kayak">folboats</a> (collapsible canoes) journeyed along the Mukah River to engage, with the help of local natives, any remaining hostile Japanese groups. On the way they were threatened by a crocodile about the length of the folboat.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the cessation of hostilities in mid-August, Semut operatives continued to work around Sapong under Harrisson until late October 1945, during which time they worked to secure the surrender of remaining Japanese troops who were engaged in fighting with local Bawang guerrillas.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout the operation, the inserted Semut personnel were resupplied by air by the Royal Australian Air Force's <a href="/wiki/No._200_Flight_RAAF" title="No. 200 Flight RAAF">No. 200 Flight</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath_and_impact">Aftermath and impact</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Semut&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Aftermath and impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Z_Special_Unit_Memorial_commemorative_marker_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Z_Special_Unit_Memorial_commemorative_marker_2.jpg/110px-Z_Special_Unit_Memorial_commemorative_marker_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Z_Special_Unit_Memorial_commemorative_marker_2.jpg/165px-Z_Special_Unit_Memorial_commemorative_marker_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Z_Special_Unit_Memorial_commemorative_marker_2.jpg/220px-Z_Special_Unit_Memorial_commemorative_marker_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="336" data-file-height="448" /></a><figcaption>Commemorative plaque for Operation Semut at <a href="/wiki/Rockingham,_Western_Australia" title="Rockingham, Western Australia">Rockingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Assisted by the Agas and Semut operations, the Australian 9th Division was able to secure north Borneo, with major combat ending largely by July 1945. As the regular forces remained confined to the coastal areas, the Japanese moved inland and the irregular forces, particularly those assigned to Operation Semut, continued to play a role, calling in airstrikes on the withdrawing Japanese and working to restore civil administration.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the cessation of hostilities, the regular Australian troops remained in north Borneo to restore law and order, and to facilitate the surrender of Japanese troops. Extensive civic actions began even before the end of the war, with efforts being turned to rebuilding the oil facilities and other damaged infrastructure, establishing schools, providing medical care to local civilians and restoring the water supply. Martial law was initially imposed, but eventually a civil administration was established under the British Borneo Civil Affairs Unit.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In analysing the operation, Ooi Keat Gin, writing in the <i>Australian War Memorial Journal</i>, concludes that both Operations Agas and Semut "achieved considerable results within a short period", and greatly assisted the wider Allied effort to secure north Borneo.<sup id="cite_ref-AWM_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AWM-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Specifically, Semut 1 and 2 were considered to have achieved "remarkable success". In June 1945, Semut 1's elements were spread thinly, covering the entire northern Sarawak region and had an outpost at <a href="/wiki/Pensiangan" title="Pensiangan">Pensiangan</a> and as far as <a href="/wiki/Tenom" title="Tenom">Tenom</a> in North Borneo. They had also established several bases in Dutch Borneo. Sourced solely from the local population, the Australians were able to obtain information regarding Japanese positions and movements in Brunei and northern Sarawak, and information regarding <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">prisoners of war</a> and civilian internees in the region. About 600 natives were trained and supplied with weapons and ammunition. Semut 1 also carried out operations to focussed on disrupting Japanese subsistence operations and prevent the local population from providing labour to them.<sup id="cite_ref-AWM_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AWM-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Semut 2 also expanded their operational area to <a href="/wiki/Bintulu" title="Bintulu">Bintulu</a> and Upper Rajang in central Sarawak and trained a 350-strong local guerrilla force. Semut 3 expanded their operational area to <a href="/wiki/Kapit" title="Kapit">Kapit</a> in central Sarawak. In 1959, Tom Harrisson, in summing up Z Special Units operations claimed that "[t]he unit had inflicted some 1,700 casualties on the Japs at the cost of some 112 white lives", stating that Semut 1 had accounted for over 1,000 of the total 1,700 Japanese fatal casualties.<sup id="cite_ref-AWM_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AWM-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jim Truscott places Japanese casualties as a result of Operation Semut at around 1,500 with 240 captured. These were inflicted by a force of around 82 Allied soldiers, and 200 local guerrillas. There were no casualties amongst the Z Special Unit members assigned to Semut, along about 30 local guerrillas were killed during the fighting.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The information relayed by the local population, however, was sometimes erroneous, and the progress of <a href="/wiki/Second_Australian_Imperial_Force" title="Second Australian Imperial Force">Australian Imperial Force</a> (AIF) in the region was hindered by incorrect information regarding Japanese strength and dispositions. In this regard, it has been concluded that Allied interrogators failed to assess the reliability of the information gathered before passing it to their headquarters. The local population was unable to differentiate facts and opinions from rumours circulating the region and subsequently passed incorrect information to the Australian forces. Due to Japanese counter-intelligence efforts, European officials could not be inserted into the Semut and Agas intelligence network to supervise the intelligence gathering.<sup id="cite_ref-AWM_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AWM-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Semut&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The 1969 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Farewell_to_the_King_(novel)" title="Farewell to the King (novel)">Farewell to the King</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Schoendoerffer" title="Pierre Schoendoerffer">Pierre Schoendoerffer</a> was inspired by events from Operation Semut, in particular the role played by Tom Harrisson. The book was later turned into a film by <a href="/wiki/John_Milius" title="John Milius">John Milius</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/Farewell_to_the_King" title="Farewell to the King">Farewell to the King</a></i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Semut&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170823115957/http://seeds.theborneopost.com/2015/05/03/remembering-operation-semut/">"Remembering Operation Semut"</a>. <i>The Borneo Post SEEDS</i>. BPOnline. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://seeds.theborneopost.com/2015/05/03/remembering-operation-semut/">the original</a> on 23 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Borneo+Post+SEEDS&rft.atitle=Remembering+Operation+Semut&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fseeds.theborneopost.com%2F2015%2F05%2F03%2Fremembering-operation-semut%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Semut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.warhistoryonline.com/war-articles/operation-semut-most-successful-stealth-operation-of-the-second-world-war.html">"Operation Semut: Most Successful Stealth Operation of the Second World War"</a>. <i>War History Online</i>. 24 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=War+History+Online&rft.atitle=Operation+Semut%3A+Most+Successful+Stealth+Operation+of+the+Second+World+War&rft.date=2015-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.warhistoryonline.com%2Fwar-articles%2Foperation-semut-most-successful-stealth-operation-of-the-second-world-war.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Semut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AWM-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AWM_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AWM_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AWM_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AWM_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AWM_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AWM_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AWM_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AWM_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AWM_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AWM_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AWM_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AWM_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AWM_3-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGin2002" class="citation journal cs1">Gin, Ooi Keat (October 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.awm.gov.au/journal/j37/borneo.asp#84">"Prelude to Invasion: Covert Operations Before the Re-occupation of Northwest Borneo, 1944–45"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_Australian_War_Memorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of the Australian War Memorial">Journal of the Australian War Memorial</a></i> (37). Canberra: Australian War Memorial. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1327-0141">1327-0141</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Australian+War+Memorial&rft.atitle=Prelude+to+Invasion%3A+Covert+Operations+Before+the+Re-occupation+of+Northwest+Borneo%2C+1944%E2%80%9345&rft.issue=37&rft.date=2002-10&rft.issn=1327-0141&rft.aulast=Gin&rft.aufirst=Ooi+Keat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.awm.gov.au%2Fjournal%2Fj37%2Fborneo.asp%2384&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Semut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dennis et al (1995), pp. 562 & 684.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Keogh (1965), p. 451.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScanlon,_Mike2014" class="citation news cs1">Scanlon, Mike (13 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newcastleherald.com.au/story/2348303/history-z-men-flew-under-radar/">"History: Z men flew under radar"</a>. <i>Newcastle Herald</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190616053444/https://www.theherald.com.au/story/2348303/history-z-men-flew-under-radar/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newcastle+Herald&rft.atitle=History%3A+Z+men+flew+under+radar&rft.date=2014-06-13&rft.au=Scanlon%2C+Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newcastleherald.com.au%2Fstory%2F2348303%2Fhistory-z-men-flew-under-radar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Semut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Horton (1983), p. 78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Malone,(2020), p.5-7 & p.20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeake,_Ross" class="citation web cs1">Peake, Ross. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reporter.anu.edu.au/honouring-brave-commandos-finally">"Honouring brave commandos, finally"</a>. <i>ANU Reporter</i>. Australian National University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ANU+Reporter&rft.atitle=Honouring+brave+commandos%2C+finally&rft.au=Peake%2C+Ross&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freporter.anu.edu.au%2Fhonouring-brave-commandos-finally&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Semut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Truscott (2000), p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Horton (1983), p. 96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Truscott (2000), pp. 14 & 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Feuer (2005), pp. 140–156.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Horton (1983), pp. 101–103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Truscott (2000), p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Truscott (2000), p. 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dennis et al (1995), p. 114</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Truscott (2000), p. 19.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Semut&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDennisGreyMorrisPrior1995" class="citation book cs1">Dennis, Peter; <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Grey" title="Jeffrey Grey">Grey, Jeffrey</a>; Morris, Ewan; Prior, Robin (1995). <i>The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History</i>. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-553227-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-553227-9"><bdi>0-19-553227-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Australian+Military+History&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-19-553227-9&rft.aulast=Dennis&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Grey%2C+Jeffrey&rft.au=Morris%2C+Ewan&rft.au=Prior%2C+Robin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Semut" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeuer2005" class="citation book cs1">Feuer, A.B. (2005). <i>Australian Commandos: Their Secret War Against the Japanese in World War II</i>. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-81173-294-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-81173-294-9"><bdi>978-0-81173-294-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Australian+Commandos%3A+Their+Secret+War+Against+the+Japanese+in+World+War+II&rft.place=Mechanicsburg%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pub=Stackpole+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-81173-294-9&rft.aulast=Feuer&rft.aufirst=A.B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Semut" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorton1983" class="citation book cs1">Horton, Dick (1983). <i>Ring of Fire: Australian Guerrilla Operations Against the Japanese in World War II</i>. South Melbourne, Victoria: MacMillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-35615-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-35615-2"><bdi>0-333-35615-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ring+of+Fire%3A+Australian+Guerrilla+Operations+Against+the+Japanese+in+World+War+II&rft.place=South+Melbourne%2C+Victoria&rft.pub=MacMillan&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-333-35615-2&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=Dick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Semut" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeogh1965" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Eustace_Graham_Keogh" title="Eustace Graham Keogh">Keogh, Eustace</a> (1965). <i>The South West Pacific 1941–45</i>. Melbourne, Victoria: Grayflower Productions. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/7185705">7185705</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+South+West+Pacific+1941%E2%80%9345&rft.place=Melbourne%2C+Victoria&rft.pub=Grayflower+Productions&rft.date=1965&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F7185705&rft.aulast=Keogh&rft.aufirst=Eustace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Semut" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTruscott2000" class="citation journal cs1">Truscott, Jim (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.army.gov.au/sites/g/files/net1846/f/aaj_2000.pdf">"Voices from Borneo: The Japanese War"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Army Journal: The Professional Journal of the Australian Army</i>: 13–23. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/173394492">173394492</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Army+Journal%3A+The+Professional+Journal+of+the+Australian+Army&rft.atitle=Voices+from+Borneo%3A+The+Japanese+War&rft.pages=13-23&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F173394492&rft.aulast=Truscott&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.army.gov.au%2Fsites%2Fg%2Ffiles%2Fnet1846%2Ff%2Faaj_2000.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Semut" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Semut&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelliwell2021" class="citation book cs1">Helliwell, Christina (2021). <i>SEMUT: The untold story of a secret Australian operation in WWII Borneo</i>. Australia: Michael Joseph. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14379-002-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14379-002-0"><bdi>978-0-14379-002-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=SEMUT%3A+The+untold+story+of+a+secret+Australian+operation+in+WWII+Borneo&rft.place=Australia&rft.pub=Michael+Joseph&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-0-14379-002-0&rft.aulast=Helliwell&rft.aufirst=Christina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Semut" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoehn2011" class="citation book cs1">Hoehn, John (2011). <i>Commando Kayak: The Australian Folboat in the Pacific Campaign</i>. Zurich, Switzerland: Hirsch Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-033-01717-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-033-01717-7"><bdi>978-3-033-01717-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Commando+Kayak%3A+The+Australian+Folboat+in+the+Pacific+Campaign&rft.place=Zurich%2C+Switzerland&rft.pub=Hirsch+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-3-033-01717-7&rft.aulast=Hoehn&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Semut" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPowell1996" class="citation book cs1">Powell, Alan (1996). <i>War by Stealth: Australians and the Allied Intelligence Bureau, 1942–1945</i>. Melbourne, Victoria: Melbourne University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-522-84691-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-522-84691-2"><bdi>0-522-84691-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+by+Stealth%3A+Australians+and+the+Allied+Intelligence+Bureau%2C+1942%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Melbourne%2C+Victoria&rft.pub=Melbourne+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-522-84691-2&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Semut" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Australian_special_operations_of_the_Second_World_War" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Australian_Commando_raids_of_the_Second_World_War" title="Template:Australian Commando raids of the Second World War"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Australian_Commando_raids_of_the_Second_World_War" title="Template talk:Australian Commando raids of the Second World War"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Australian_Commando_raids_of_the_Second_World_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Australian Commando raids of the Second World War"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Australian_special_operations_of_the_Second_World_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Australian special operations of the Second World War</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Timor,<br />Sundas<br />and Java</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Mackerel" title="Operation Mackerel">Operation Mackerel</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tiger_(Java)" title="Operation Tiger (Java)">Operation Tiger (Java)</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Lion_(1942)" title="Operation Lion (1942)">Operation Lion</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Flounder" title="Operation Flounder">Operation Flounder</a> (1942)</li> <li>Operation Ambon (1942, abandoned)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Walnut" title="Operation Walnut">Operation Walnut</a> (1942-43)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Lancer" title="Operation Lancer">Operation Lancer</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Lizard" title="Operation Lizard">Operation Lizard</a> (1942–43)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Lagarto" title="Operation Lagarto">Operation Lagarto</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cobra_(Timor)" title="Operation Cobra (Timor)">Operation Cobra</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Adder" title="Operation Adder">Operation Adder</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Sunfish" title="Operation Sunfish">Operation Mugger</a> (1944, incomplete)</li> <li>Operation Hornet (1944)</li> <li>Operation Bat & Apache (1944)</li> <li>Operation Wasp (1944)</li> <li>Operation Gnat (1944)</li> <li>Operation Flea (1944, abandoned)</li> <li>Operation Louse (1944, abandoned)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Sunfish" title="Operation Sunfish">Operation Sounder</a> (1944, abandoned)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Sunfish" title="Operation Sunfish">Operation Sunfish</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Sunable" title="Operation Sunable">Operation Sunable</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Sunbaker" title="Operation Sunbaker">Operation Sunbaker</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMAS_River_Snake" title="HMAS River Snake">Operation Suncharlie</a> (April 1945)</li> <li>Operation Sundog (1945)</li> <li>Operation Blackfish (1945, abandoned)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Sunlag" title="Operation Sunlag">Operation Blackbird</a> (1945, abandoned)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Sunlag" title="Operation Sunlag">Operation Sunlag</a> (1945)</li> <li>Operation Lagartout (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Sunlag" title="Operation Sunlag">Operation Brim</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Suncob" title="Operation Suncob">Operation Pigeon</a> (1945, abandoned)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Suncob" title="Operation Suncob">Operation Suncob</a> (1945)</li> <li>Operation Salmon (1945)</li> <li>Operation Carp (1945, abandoned)</li> <li>Operation Cod (1945, abandoned)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Starfish_(World_War_Two)" title="Operation Starfish (World War Two)">Operation Starfish</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Binatang" title="Operation Binatang">Operation Binatang</a> (1945)</li> <li>Operation Anchovy (1945, abandoned)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Groper" title="Operation Groper">Operation Groper</a> (1945)</li> <li>Operation Demo (1945)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New Guinea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Salamaua_(1942)" title="Raid on Salamaua (1942)">Salamaua Raid</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Heath%27s_Farm" title="Raid on Heath's Farm">Heath's Farm Raid</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Mubo_(1942)" title="Raid on Mubo (1942)">Mubo Raid</a> (1942)</li> <li>Operation Cockroach (1942, abandoned)</li> <li>Operation Beetle (1942)</li> <li>Operation Ladybird (1942)</li> <li>Operation Spider (1942, abandoned)</li> <li>Operation Wasp (1942, abandoned)</li> <li>Operation Tick (1942)</li> <li>Operation Bug (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Locust" title="Operation Locust">Operation Locust</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Oaktree" title="Operation Oaktree">Operation Oaktree</a> (1942–44)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Whiting" title="Operation Whiting">Operation Whiting</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Scorpion_(World_War_Two)" title="Operation Scorpion (World War Two)">Operation Scorpion</a> (1943)</li> <li>Operation Mosstroops (1943)</li> <li>Operation Menzies (1944)</li> <li>Operation Perch (1944)</li> <li>Operation Reaper (1944)</li> <li>Operation Silver (1944)</li> <li>Operation Gold (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Copper" title="Operation Copper">Operation Copper</a> (1944)</li> <li>Operation Vokeo (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Crayfish" title="Operation Crayfish">Operation Crayfish</a> (1944)</li> <li>Operation Falcon (1944)</li> <li>Operation Phoenix (1944)</li> <li>Operation Rose</li> <li>Operation Dodo</li> <li>Operation Moa</li> <li>Operation Lennon</li> <li>Operation Socrates</li> <li>Operation Flathead</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Borneo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Python_(1943%E2%80%931944)#Operation_Python_I" title="Operation Python (1943–1944)">Operation Python 1</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Python_(1943%E2%80%931944)#Operation_Python_II)" title="Operation Python (1943–1944)">Operation Python 2</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Agas" title="Operation Agas">Operation Agas</a> (1945)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Operation Semut</a> (1945)</li> <li>Operation Squirrel (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Platypus" title="Operation Platypus">Operation Platypus</a> (1945)</li> <li>Operation Toad</li> <li>Operation Vulture</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Celebes and<br />Moluccas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Operation Giraffe</li> <li>Operation Crane</li> <li>Operation Shril</li> <li>Operation Magpie</li> <li>Operation Raven</li> <li>Operation Garnish</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Opossum" title="Operation Opossum">Operation Opossum</a> (1945)</li> <li>Operation Swallow</li> <li>Operation Swift</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Finch" title="Operation Finch">Operation Finch</a> (1945)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Malaya and<br />China Seas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jaywick" title="Operation Jaywick">Operation Jaywick</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Rimau" title="Operation Rimau">Operation Rimau</a> (1944–45)</li> <li>Operation Politician-Optican</li> <li>Operation Gunard</li> <li>Operation Crocodile</li> <li>Operation Carpenter</li> <li>Operation Period</li> <li>Operation Oblivion</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Sabre" title="Operation Sabre">Operation Sabre</a> (1945)</li> <li>Operation Apple (1945)</li> <li>Operation Turnip</li> <li>Operation Potato</li> <li>Operation Goldfish</li> <li>Operation Pine Needle</li> <li>Operation Trout</li> <li>Operation Shark</li> <li>Operation Carrot</li> <li>Operation Radish</li> <li>Operation Asparagus</li> <li>Operation Bream</li> <li>Operation Robin</li> <li>Operation Stallion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_204" title="Mission 204">Mission 204</a> (or 'Tulip Force') (1942–43)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Source" title="Operation Source">Operation Source</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Guidance" title="Operation Guidance">Operation Guidance</a> (1944)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Hornbill_(World_War_Two)" title="Operation Hornbill (World War Two)">Operation Hornbill</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Kingfisher_(World_War_II)" title="Operation Kingfisher (World War II)">Operation Kingfisher</a> (1944–45)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other Netherlands<br />East Indies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Prawn" title="Operation Prawn">Operation Prawn</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dace_Raid" title="Dace Raid">Dace Raid</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Apricot" title="Operation Apricot">Operation Apricot</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Firetree" title="Operation Firetree">Operation Firetree</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Firetree" title="Operation Firetree">Operation Poppy</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Parsnip" title="Operation Parsnip">Operation Parsnip</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Inco_I" title="Operation Inco I">Operation Inco I</a> (1945)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Semut&oldid=1248608684">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Semut&oldid=1248608684</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conflicts_in_1945" title="Category:Conflicts in 1945">Conflicts in 1945</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1945_in_the_British_Empire" title="Category:1945 in the British Empire">1945 in the British Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_of_World_War_II_involving_Australia" title="Category:Battles of World War II involving Australia">Battles of World War II involving Australia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:South_West_Pacific_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="Category:South West Pacific theatre of World War II">South West Pacific theatre of World War II</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Borneo_campaign" title="Category:Borneo campaign">Borneo campaign</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Sarawak" title="Category:History of Sarawak">History of Sarawak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_operations_of_World_War_II_involving_Australia" title="Category:Military operations of World War II involving Australia">Military operations of World War II involving Australia</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 30 September 2024, at 14:17<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Semut&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-r5tzf","wgBackendResponseTime":111,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.431","walltime":"0.612","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1677,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":61700,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1820,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":10,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":60765,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 431.516 1 -total"," 35.33% 152.466 1 Template:Infobox_military_conflict"," 29.05% 125.334 1 Template:Reflist"," 21.33% 92.046 3 Template:Cite_web"," 21.33% 92.038 1 Template:Campaignbox_Borneo_Campaign_(1945)"," 20.76% 89.602 1 Template:Campaignbox"," 16.35% 70.535 1 Template:Short_description"," 9.08% 39.203 7 Template:Cite_book"," 8.55% 36.913 2 Template:Pagetype"," 4.95% 21.344 4 Template:Main_other"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.260","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":5922770,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-55zsq","timestamp":"20241122172616","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Operation Semut","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Semut","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q20981837","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q20981837","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2015-08-17T14:33:07Z","dateModified":"2024-09-30T14:17:17Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/bc\/Awm_P00560.001_Major_G_S_Carter_and_Semut_II_team.jpg","headline":"Allied World War II special operation in Borneo"}</script> </body> </html>