CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91357ec58ef987a8',cH: 'lEdezd5WB2sZvFHnrDtCWn_8ZwT1YHw8VVXe6tEjBX0-1739792349-1.2.1.1-guOivqhFImnD9kZklp9BC5.T69VSZQSWT31cyKlURz6VD.l91jS7VSCW.5vL5WD4',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=learning%20object&__cf_chl_tk=V4YSUmfuK_roNCy97dxKo6H_k9etJ2g1HjZqLF1rhnM-1739792349-1.0.1.1-AJPDivOAyxbP3H7Af03Hk2Ny1wu4JN4WN8F8d5U3AZE",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739792349',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=learning%20object&__cf_chl_f_tk=V4YSUmfuK_roNCy97dxKo6H_k9etJ2g1HjZqLF1rhnM-1739792349-1.0.1.1-AJPDivOAyxbP3H7Af03Hk2Ny1wu4JN4WN8F8d5U3AZE",md: ".HouhbpBCtMtXqYKUpjGnoXcBitaeemnoMhEsmdJGJo-1739792349-1.2.1.1-wRlv0_jBaSzQZAxM_R7q1Q.ZJpnkz2bc63v6jZud1nps1fyUNOu1gKicsi9iUlvsht.WN6u38DTKov_eKhK3KqGK3Y1LPlUZhGcHM70szsE8_A03RIdcEsuWLhRNTyyAnbSE09PFveXPpaoFSQMH7m4HAxZW9fiUBXNU2VAPH9iKszmsk_DDwbsckNRoDlVEseklXDgqpY_X73U7i2OramMN2kcDiXBJwivM_kNriYIbvWh73UFupONJGGH1Cgwy8Z4uSzRSwALLmAQWBsLDMjpRkNL25VOzdnJ1RiAIdedh52uC6OYtb2EcYhzN5Jbxi0Dxs.isy8P05ProegncKCcwaAqsLOGymDTyPVD2n8mnAED1pONHzYs7uqMhZ8z.7XhjUiMYSyRcPvaITGt5th4qmap4.DHyYW4phdpYX477hiVk.aAstId1lUg.Qu0z49GHvjzdImCoWL9JJfAtTswKVem86ASiAHmQfeMS83LNsZ6.IJV_EEQ6PDV6iPAJ.FHE.J5BcKAftFjiFG9HIFGNvRZjcMLBqTs0uoyTBgS1crB7S8ScjJqTIUKBKvEBXNmkPcbKPp4HwSDL2E9HtDaG1LZ_fLBq4IC8wnea88OxubtD3MAEdKMTwAMKW5cZCpFjLEM1D6ZO3EdlLWNb6L3c0d0NJYNt2mEivfKOsHB0gS_.7tezbKTx1SSgjjryCEP2CGmZDM8UM0uVwhdgsABA4TnHOJLJDBcHdIdLv3ZvDkqkoRkRM6gWzSFXJ_ygmaq4NbBSain47bjAUwa4LJKiDWl.wATQ_gRXmTepcI1p8TotZPlJDVvWWc1GUSrbn5XdZeYi1y9B2ttTyWeRJS95QGuUjgCpm64P_9H9DuF81FOmLh568h4vSwfj.874WNqPt_hBYbwiR_GK8LXsWq8wlGGZldKAobZLLgylKK.J3nRjQcmSBAO8i5pR8HWLPSAsfIhUJ3M3P1diWux0cBUYwJfOMaIPL1fABM95s4NEpr.p.pkd63yctwGMpSQSz8bf39pq7GRJveN54A4jogWOSteG9rFsjnGXKPdoTEJa4LlVHNcEgzVFY9Fjfl1K2b5XBihxDMmrUXEshAgAsnI9V6E.k2nBTmJHwOMK3vBfLMMO2XfEzS6IM8W.M4wP1Pott.f11CmXq0U.BYv07TyaGm.D3YVZTBy8fJIAmxavPbJGZLunuMK27lZi7GB2E0GgXoMlhLv0zOLRojjaglTP3QHQ_L0iAJZn02phOuMXMq4vHE9gc3KXR1uiAtzrgZc9YjntXlrm87r92tDQcrORN6gBiVzbF3GN7BjuqUBCzCmaGkc6zUZtdqUjCBOw8gfJDqCDHppul_.8oG.i.r2pFmSTIAyi7oK7UVnx4oIokOJzKG3soT9b2c4DVNiBO2CLKTz3tVOzEwlMxv64vK8DUbRvTivSHo8t_kdYveqCWpznYoMjA4T9X8m5aZkv4jC5AxK4J20jSB3HJMgAQugbYgOU9WtMxB.8EEYcmddtAzuUguTfCcB3b3dfrPP32F1vBxejDGhF44NrEgkRBbmHDcjQIlHXfg8RrVozwGcrj2cuox2DNRvNvB1BsTIb.ZG6.UMb.tv1xbd1sarTxyOzkpMUu8MALsJZF8HuZK3Oc_82rTXZT6jZPqofVaLYfndVDeZptLvnx0IVxfoZv2vUWh.vUvBulgIGlLdw46aUOYvILk0YJj79gvAJGZpm07v1P66_pQvmUkD6YtXTAunavosHCMTnZrHHvNhzfs6UJadjkZCDY.3xtInRds7bcy6m3NXnnXqGYN4ZTwRCD13iMDoyimk4v8kqu4FW2yzeoSNYZHNyAgaD_llqNqQVxMluJ_eYrqaCbQBmWkbDMz.FdFof1cIjO6Do7KODBec5qRfhM37qDgcspb45mc3lIvQlR_Y8Ip5O3vzaAD7pbz3bz0.aC8zH5XXSSEyyLLw",mdrd: "k9n6XnE1YdmwIaVxXYuxjZEA_hoy11UwTr0z8bSSJh4-1739792349-1.2.1.1-zGO8y7GYdND5qYlaRBB0t.cLOiq4s3kU3j23PGw00b0FRsGeJwezEO9Ul5bdTjaiBsNVGyv932vuuyT6NGGqiywCL0natBDG8.SJQgAob3nIdfHaZ7u9WaNKqg.u2x1sj5TgX.YD49AKbmxLKLEFXK.7bqd2oMJGSGZodwFHyCFFGQLSz9z_CFzB5a2qRTJOEX8BUPamrRyHAuaJz1M52_Z_4DfRmFHO26tV4dMq6yhWpeYIOx.3UkxgJgJOi3B9W30r9TagbrKT.vOgHMQx7ifniX4EZtpRQB4YX15oTlzdOcQpyEaqDSaMELBsJt42mo_NY_pZWuxW7USUasW6aRinGBVR.8QXmW4pXTDk8pa35phdPX9SMlSp17PhklyOyzrnax_P3Sf89P3EKcJcMuPGzTRRkZ_7APJNYFccAgpNcjg4hfry4AW59NCkW2zgzdTQNssQThMaAv3YZOCLEPAAm2C.3ACHLiXOmiHwPFbFbAPMBK4AOnLkeQhtdPg5kzeKTuZWqQS6KR9dHxj2wU02Y.eQz_j6OcYZMlFgyuTs0Kjz5AOUx8x36qrrXvSLGwcxXei8WznD8ymg7MwTNP1ghLyKXOdIIw3XgvwR7VGJMmeR9ynJUD.lhqNTDFD0sE79rFHgXozMZB_ti4ZN3rsJYbYssAamTRkwLK38QuPWF.zKQl5DoV8G_UB6S6uqrrSrTlxyBGFgn4O2d7z5pBWVW6gA18D8b7T9YTRSfM2E7hSPZ6k1E_5vatlVXAQRvTfUOsGvT.zTAThmkoZlby2NQIvyBPwq45RBZL_Yi_W9_paoC8NEaH8lQgKn_L5PGuHx.mSmZxKpF8YEc0VNoFzkyBffDW_pDL0TMWxqoRigLUt4jfQsuvGzAdSozR7Cpch2.nQ6lcFwjYBu2ieAegmLuiXKXlTynMZ8k5znCJ5x9oINzJOzMmjnlyOXnby3ul8yyEO2M5FNnAL58mJ7g8bcGNfX2aYeFhihi4POnAZyds4FDhntYMrnb38u_l6hSoBfNuEbP49yoSZnqWuLf8s6FezWsbDE9dFGi6oK9xXsF3Uh643MnGXdoH2h4FeVXvDQ60__u.64zyyhKO6wCgrWHSOXWPQjRa_V0lE2nrSmpnF.6Gb7ngflPOf8uU.gpgBJNvQuHbS1Q..CbLXxCBFbd5jdVZUGvQf0aVwnivgry1gHBBJlt2_hjnvy.xVgmHMR4vv5w3PnSUYWqQKHstCMp9KGdAowmozpyXAtm9a_l4NDgywcjFzWEr1UNXGY7pJGHH.m9r7UfxLC5PCEvL3YTvtnK_L_mG9.5Wtcg6nWRdlSH9Ukc3Co8aIXGJsTlLqPsyC7A6mlWYCCo5MSEz.nmrlXwc03aqcZe1Rn2FR4rBepW29IUKQxdNw7Tz1hVSBIvHHprZkXOdcDMMh9qritKR6NQQepGHNVO85lvAsrcq8WoWY97mgM6IVeLC5yP7nfc33BpBRWC7Q4x.J8010PnxOKEkCzzDWLj30u.mSpvvktgHeJ2rzONTwnwCbGW81..JTmcdPGiCNEG1O6S4H6eWZb7NBxsQyAZFR4wKisKip42wKyCBz2O3OSsy8K6CU0Or4QOMs82dBRVWPSHvHxjBzopl33Vj0mhfdsLxUV8B2eaJa.S4LhhaoY2dNcRUnJfn_y1XVKsqmVC5AdZFZL7UaiZg9Yj4INfAr2twlbhp2aItGqWm2k1fpCOP0_Kn_GPE1HAsfKI_MBXe_sbqqQShgb5J_R7JlGM9Xg7Fc6kCuddZ1j5iVJtQWHHFGUNwTQto9FLL9QilMjZ4bWDDNGQKESekKhG234LI84Y.kbLjlDcrSXsnpfYa_T3D39owcAavYHKQIKBlGGEINRVzRFUERjtY.ul6oJbpppdoNtPEga6wY8go6MEcOdHBqHaB4zBpkcxkzVadO..TG6e4ShWOJAOyFcQlU7f14T5mRrETvBHljCnoyVKQtBIHWj7Yz8ZGhlJhwUK2_pc440yw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91357ec58ef987a8';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=learning%20object&__cf_chl_rt_tk=V4YSUmfuK_roNCy97dxKo6H_k9etJ2g1HjZqLF1rhnM-1739792349-1.0.1.1-AJPDivOAyxbP3H7Af03Hk2Ny1wu4JN4WN8F8d5U3AZE" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>